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childien and by the Jakuahy 27. 1849. _ ...
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, ' LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES. XXXI...
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i- -.VOIAmO-SS, THEIR CaDSBS AND EFFECTS...
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THE CHOLERA. T00 "™ Chol-sra Cases. — Th...
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maim.
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THAMES.—Brutality at Sea.—James Grieves,...
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®t,Atmt BiteUigentt
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The Executive of the National Charter As...
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iUdttoual fianrj compute
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Charterville.—At a meeting of tbe occupa...
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TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR, ESQ., M.P. Horsemon...
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THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM....
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TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAP, Sir...
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Ireland.—DonuN, Wednesday.—-Patrick Goga...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Childien And By The Jakuahy 27. 1849. _ ...
_Jakuahy 27 . 1849 . _ _^ HE NORTHERN STAR . ** _' * * * * _" _- *' , _' ,, » _- ___^_^^^__^^___^__ _^ -mm————————— ——————————————m— . . __ _^^^^ m--m _^ m _^ _^ _^ _^ _^ _^^ _^^ , _m-mmmmmmmmm mmm—mmm— - _.. O , - — . _¦•¦• _-- _•••¦¦ _-- _¦• --- _- _¦¦•¦ _- _--r------ _******* _**^^ ¦ ' -. ,,.
, ' Letters To The Working Classes. Xxxi...
, ' LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . XXXII . " "Words are things , and a _-nnaU drop of ink Falling—like dew—upon a thought , produces That which makes thousands , perhaps million -- , think . " btros . . :
THE VERDICTS ON " DO-THEBOYS-HALL . " _BlJOTHER _PftOLETAlSIAXS _, The Coroner ' s Court is , m theory , one of the most valuable of tlie institutions . handed down to us by our ancestors . I K- say in theory , for In practice the inquiry of a T i . Coroner ' s jury is too often a juggle and a : farce , Innunierable times I and you have read h the disirustiug verdict— "Died by the
Visitation of Hod , " when it was " as notorious as the sun at noon-day" that the subject of the inquiry had died by tke icickedness of his fellow men . ** _Crowner _' s Quest Law" is proverbially a subject of popular ridicule and contempt . The grave-digger in Hamlet must have represented the popular feeling in the days of Shakspere ; and still—thanks to tho general run of Coroner _' s-court verdicts—the joke excites the risible faculties of the million . Fortunatel y , verdicts based on justice and common-sense have been occasionally recorded . Had it been
otherwise , the institution must long smee have perished . _Alaw—a'G overnmcnt—an institution may exist—at least for a great length of time , In spite of popular hatred , but it is not possible for either to exist when assailed by unmitigated popular contempt . Ignorance aud servility have too often characterised Coroners' juries ; but occasionally good sense aud p atriotism have dictated the decisions of those bodies . A noble instance was exhibited in the case of the Calthorpe-strect jury . A band of legalised ruffians , acting under the orders , and _evcu under the eyes of the lately deceased "Lord" Melbouhxe , had brutally assailed an
unarmed public assemblage . Men , women , and children were struck down , and brutally beaten when down . Iu the midst of the tumult occasioned by this savage attack of the police , one or more of the people assailed , returned blow for blow . One or two of the police were wounded , and one killed outri g ht . On the inquest it was proved that the slain policeman had been foremost in the brutal attack upon the people , and had distinguished himself by assaulting and injuring even women and children . As before said , he g ot his quietus—with " abare bodkin , " or something of the sort , and tho . iury very properly returned a verdict
of " JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE . " That verdict—boldly recorded in defence of the lives and liberties ofthe people—commanded and obtained a nation ' s thanks and gratitude . Verdicts based ou the cant and falsehood of " Died by the visitation of God , " are now less common than formerly . But even now it too often happens that Juries give verdicts of a negative , and therefore useless character . Thus the Kensington Jury have declared , that the boy , John Wilkes's " , "Died from the mortal " effects of exhaustion consequent upon fever , supervening on an attack of malignant Cholera . " It is true the Jury added an «• ' opinion " that the Tooting Cholera " proceeded from the insufficiency of food and warm
clothing , and the want of proper ventilation in Mr . Dkouet _' s establishment , " But of what worth is such an " opinion ? " The law takes no cognizance of opinions— " Chartist opinions" excepted . Ifthe Cholera was produced by _Dnoi'ET'S bad treatment of the victims committed to his keeping , and if—as was the case—that disease destroyed the lives of those victims , it is as plain as a pikestaff that _Droitet is responsible for the slaughter . Either the " opinion" of the jury is unwarranted , or if in accordance with the evidence , then tlie verdict is imperfect , and next thing to useless . It appears that wheu the Kensington children were removed , _Dkovet directed thc workhouse messenger to tell the Guardians that his Brother was inclined to
go and thrash them . all . I am sorry that _Deouet ' s " big brother" did not act in accordance with his inclination , and thrash away . Undoubtedly , the Guardians well deserved thrashing for keeping the children at Dkouet ' s den , long after they " became aware ofthe infamous system _corned on at that establishment . Perhaps if Mr _Dkovet's " brother" hadbeen *• called in" to quicken the _sensibilitie ? ofthe Kensinjrton jury , the effect would have been favourable to the iuterests of the public . A thrashing administered to tlie jury might have thrashed the chaff out of thein , and , induced—a more iittinsr verdict .
The verdict ofthe St . Fancras Jury , though emphatically condemning the conduct of _Duorar , is still in effect the same as the verdict of the Kensington Jury . There is added an "expression of regret" at thc remissness of duty shown by thc St . Pancras Guardians ; and an emphatic condemnation of the practice of fanning pauper children . All very well , but did not the evidence demand a more definite verdict ? Let us see . As far back as the 8 th of June last , a _Beport was laid before the St . Pancras Guardians , which stated that a number of ( the St . Pancras ) children had run away _from Dkouet ' s place , in consequence of being insufficiently fed . and otherwise badlv treated . On
the 22 nd of August , the Guardians received another Report , detailing the brutal treatment , and consequent illness , of two children . On tlie 28 th of August , Mr . _Robjxsox , the "Workho use Surgeon , and Mr Jonxsox , who had been deputed to visit Drouet's den , reported that of the St Pancras children , fiftyei ght were suffering under general debility , sore-eyes , wasting of the limbs , & c . The visitors added : "The symptoms are decidedly characteristic of bad food , or an insufficiency of food . " Still the Guardians (?) pennittod Dkouet to continue his experiments . _^ The Coroner properly described the " gruel" as " nothin" - better than the bill-stickers' paste . "
One of the unfortunate boys , describing the condition of tlie victim Costek , and the boys generally , said , " Costek had sores all over his ribs , " and many other boys had sores about their backs and ariiis . Some of the boys had bruises about their bodies by being knocked about bv Mr . _Hakdixg , the schoolmaster . " " The stick , with which the boys were beaten , was thicker than a candle . " " Several boys ran awav ; and when they were brought back , _ihc-vhaddieir heads shaved as s ; . _j-H = h _* _" * ent " "Some of tlie Chelsea , hoys _A _\ vr " . . ivm bv the schoolmaster for telling tho _ii- _jiv-mcn A ' the Chelsea Board , they had _n-r < _--: oi ! . ' _* > > ? o eat Those Lovs' names are Rov'" _irA Cvr
leu ; hut Cutler is now deal , - -.-ter -. * _»* u complaints were made , the boys _vt _^ e . _r- 'ii _iqru short diet . " This boy , named "Wcv ' _-i-Ol "•' - . added the following heart-sir ! : _r-i ..: j- _row ntaon : — "The boys sometime' - slept three ir . -. ' , i . av . d w' •• a they wet the lied they are put four in : ¦ _v . -i « . s . ru _* : i ¦" ,. ment , aud had to lay on cold _oili-lotl m _:: _; _ii-trwli- ' _i _undernt'siih . / face _Jmoini !»•) ' -o Jtv . " . - - . * 'Utt , _*"• - i r . not oter the palings to eat the tlvff out of •'• ¦;¦¦ •'•; t A ¦ .- -iwi ¦ leash gicen to the pigs . " These statements were confjr <« _K-i i _;* _- - _-: '>•• _-s ef the unhappy children . Ts ; > _,-i i' < ¦¦ - _ ; -
uence of the medical _gentleman • • * _k '* _-t > _•>} connexion with that of the * iur- * v ; i : _i : _?• ¦ _¦; - ierers , can there be any doubt _'h-d . _•»• - _*;*¦ ¦ , _•* the deaths of those who peris" -- * : *• ..-.-- , ¦ e _:-- > _-- ;" _-i : b y cl _*<> _iv-ra that that disease * . _*; < _w _*« ' _¦ '" the cruel treatment ofthe vi-. - !; -::.-. _ -v _*< i th : ' - that treatment was the w _. ck ¦! ii ' - ' - > - - ' aud his myrmidons ? Undo * _* _-.--h cir- _nietances , the verdict of the St . J / _.-mera _* _Jii' 7 was altogether unsuited to th ;; < : ; . _*> : a vi rdict of manslaughter _agains * _IV-iT / i * _wademandc-d bv the evidence , ; . n _< l . _faiiiuj to record that verdict , the Jun W'Wi n inoir duty . Again , on the inquest befor . - . V- ' --ii :: _* iton Jury , what _relations -, ¦ . „] _., rv _,, _¦«
, ' Letters To The Working Classes. Xxxi...
published by the childien _lifing , and by the friends of the children dead ! _Hazsxah Wilkins , when she visited her children , was in the habit of taking them some bread and butter , " which they eat most ravenousl y , Thev frequently complained of not having enough to eat" Her boy had been removed before he w as attacked with cholera , although not until that disease was raging throughout _Dnoi'Er ' s establishment . A few hours before being seized with cholera , he awoke in the middle of the night in a state of alarm , and on his mother questioning liim . on the _sub-7771 71 . 7 , _Tl _.-u _i :- _-n « . < , _»/* lw + * , _
ject , he said the nurse at Tooting had struck him on his nose , and made it bleed very much , and he thought she was going to do so again . This child was but five years old . Imagine what he must have suffered , when he was hauuted in his dreams b y the fear that Dkouet ' s de pendent was about to repeat the cruelty of which he had evidentl y been the victim on former occasions . The sister of the deceased , though nine years of age , was so emaciated and worn down with disease , that she appeared to be a mere infant , when carried in the arms of the nurse into
the presence of the Jury . This poor creature was so eaten up with itch , that Coroner , Jury , aud all present , shrunk from her , as a sight that was " sickening , " " frightful , " aud " really awful . " In the course of this inquiry , it came out that the children , when they returned to Kensington from Tooting , came back in rags and tatters . It appeared , from the evidence of one of the boys , that , when any of them ran away , one portion of the punishment was to dress thein in girls ' clothes . This was adding degradation to cruelty . Imagine the shame of a
highspirited hoy forced to dress in girl ' s clothes , and made the sport and scorn of those around him . Another boy , who had run away , and been brought back agaiu , was stripped of his clothes and kept in his shirt onl y , from seven in the evening until twelve next day , as a punishment . As regards the shaving of tlieir heads , no words can sufficiently express the abominable cruelty of such a punishment . Felons and convicts , murderers and wretches condemned to the gallows , suffer not this pain and shame . How true it is , that , in England , there is no crime like poverty !
Mr . Goodrich remarked , after the examination of a boy named John TnoMAS , that he was a very intelligent boy before he went to Tooting , but now he appeared to have lost all his animation , and seemed nearly a fool—in fact , a reproduction of "Smike , " the victim of the celebrated "Mr . _Squebrs , " whose establishment— "Do-the-boys-Hall "—was a perfect type of the now equall y famed—perhaps we should say much more infamous—Tooting Purgatory . It is amazing that the Jnry should have found the verdict I have alread y stated , when the evidence pointed to a decision so niuch more definite . When Thomas Mills was
asked by the Coroner what he thought had brought the cholera to Tooting , the boy replied — " Want of enough grub . " Mr . Wakley evidently concurred in that opinion , aud so must every one who will be at the trouble to read the evidence . The cholera caused death—want of " grub" caused the cholera . Drouet ' s remorseless avarice withheld the " grub . " Judge ve as to what should have been the verdict of the jury . i I now come to the much more satisfactory inquest on the children of the Holborn Union . Thanks—a nation ' s thanks—to the honest
jurors who , on Tuesday last , declared Bartholomew Peter Dkouet " guilty of manslaughter . " Thanks also to Mr . ' Wakley . To that gentleman the public are infinitely indebted for the faithful discharge of his duties as Coroner for Middlesex , particularly for the able and admirable manner in which he has conducted the inquiries into this " Massacre of the Innocents . " It is now to be hoped that Tuesday ' s verdict will bring the accursed traffic in the flesh aud blood of helpless children to a speedy conclusion .
On this inquest , evidence was given ofthe treatment of the children , similar to that already stated . When tho unhappy creatures complained they had not enough to eat , they were flogged and beaten : it appears they were even denied a sufficiency of cold water . One of Drouet ' s Janissaries , named Porter , admitted tliat when bread was served ont to the boys , a four-pound loaf was cut into thirteen p ieces ' ; but Mr Winch , a Poor Law Guardian , said he saw a loaf cut into sixteen pieces , a piece being one boy's allowance . The medical evidence on this inquest is worth y the special attention of the reader . All thedoctors agreed that the fatal disorder which had caused the death of 200 of theso
unfortunate children , was to be attributed principally to the want of proper clothing , ventilation , and a sufficient supply of wholesome food . The result was the verdict already stated ; coupled with a vote of censure on the Guardians ofthe Holborn Union , and a condemnatory allusion to the New Poor Law . As far as it goes , thc verdict is commendable , because justified and ealled tor by thc evidence : but are there Jnot other persons as worthy of condemnation as
Drouet ? The persons who pretended to act the part of visitors , most clearly neglected tlieir duty . It must be admitted that the Guardians paid a liberal sum per head , for thc sustenance and instruction of the children , but they made no proper agreement with Dkouet ; and still more culpably , they allowed tlie children to remain in their misery , although they had seen or heard sufficient of Drouet ' s management , to comprehend that with him PROFIT was the one consideration . The
Poor-law Commissioners are not to be held blameless . They pretend that they had no power over snch places as Dkouet's den . It is strange how powerful they claim to be , when they wish to do mischief : tlieir impotence is " only exhibited when they are expected to do " good . After all , the system of which these men are the representatives should be the great object of popular attack until it is amended , or , failing amendment , utterly swept away . Dkouet is not the only trafficker in the lives of little children , and to put an end to the unholy work of those dealers in human flesh and blood , the system itself must be changed .
The abolition of the child-fanning system will be a step in the rig ht direction , but the entire Poor Law system requires revision . Tlie . country needs a veritable Poor Law Amendment Bill . Children must be restored toiaeir parents , and the parents—no longer ¦ . (•*"¦ _: j ated , no longer shut up in workhouses , _;••* ' longer kept in forced idleness , or set to usel .-c- - unproductive emp loyment—must be furnished with the means , and the necessary di-- vtion to restore them to the proud rank ot _Isi'SPESDi -- Ljlbour . Then there will be no more Tooting massacres—no more infant vic-± m > to sacrifice at the altar of the Moloch-god _.- ¦;'}' rout 2 _ L'Asii du Peuple . January 25 th , 1849 .
I- -.Voiamo-Ss, Their Cadsbs And Effects...
_i- -. VOIAmO-SS , THEIR CaDSBS AND EFFECTS .- —A i- _* _- _* . " _-c meeting -was convened at the South Lon il ¦• . . _Ilall , Blackfriars ' -rvad , on Wednesday even-; _- ..:. to hear Messts . _Stalled and Kydd on the .. _* _<* - _* . ¦* subject . At Lalf-past eight o ' clock , a _nuinv . t-as me tn ; hid assembled . Mr . Small was _-. i _' _-l to tJ . c chair . Mr . StallffO : d proceeded to r _.-i-at of tha various continental revolutions , iracing _ir-i-lr causes to mis _. ovcrnir . ent . He read an ex-• . ntc" from Lou s Napoleon ' s -work on . the _** Exti _:... ' on of Fanperi . m , by means of Agricultural _Co'wiies , " au , -l passed an eulogium thereon as being a _.- _{< ' !> in the right direction . Mr . Kydd followed in ? _, ¦ ! u tile and eloquent address , which excited unanlm _rn-s and enthusiastic applause . A vote of thanks to Messrs , K . 'ddand S allwood _coccludcd the _proceedings . T > e Address in the Lonns will be moved ty Lord Bruce , an' seconded by Lo-d Battmar .
The Cholera. T00 "™ Chol-Sra Cases. — Th...
THE CHOLERA . _T 00 " _™ Chol-sra Cases . — The medical officers ot the Board ot Health have been directed by the Voov law Commissioners to vieit all pauper institutions ! Where children of tender age are brought up , with the view of ascertaining their condition and general treatment . On Saturday the Board of Health received reports of the ' following fresh cases : —Lambeth , 2 fatal ; _Ncwington , 2 fatal ; Kensington 8 , 3 fatal ; Wandsworth , 2 fatal ; Battersea ( Altkovpe-houso ) , 2 fatal ; East and West Keodham _, Koifolk , 11 , 3 fatal ; Glasgow , 39 , 18 fatal ; Selkirk , 2 ; _Gaston , 3 fatal ; Greonock , 13 , 5 fatal : New Milns by Kilmnrnock , from llth inst ., 18 , 13 fatal ; Rothesay , _ , "
from Gfh inst ., 38 , 11 fatal ; Doune , 1 fatal ; Jedburgh , 1 , Kilmarnock , 6 , 3 fatal ; Blantyre , 3 , . 2 fatal . —Total new cases , 153 , 7 ? deaths . On Monday , the Board of Health received reports of the following fresh cases : — Wandsworth , 3 , 1 fatal ; Howden Union Workhouse , 2 , 1 fatal ; Carlisle , 4 , 3 fatal ; Glasgow , 110 , 38 fatal ; Dunipace , 2 fatal ; Mauehline , 1 fatal ; Hamilton , from 29 th ult ., 36 , 26 fatal ; Paisley , from 13 th inst ., 82 , 27 fatal ; Greenock , 9 , 2 _fatnl ; Selkirk , 6 , 2 fatal ; Drybourg Meitoun , 6 , 2 fatal ; Old Kilpatrick , 2 ; Doune , 2 fatal ; Logic Stirling , 1 fatal ; Jedburgh , 1 fatal ; Renfrew , from 22 nd ult ,, 18 , 10 fatal ; New Milns and Greenbolm , 21 , 13 fatal ; Anderston , 4 , 1 fatal . Total new cases , 310 ; 133 deaths .
The Cholera amoxgst the Pauper Children ' . — FRKsn Outbreak of the Disease . —Although thc reports from Tooting on Monday , describe the disease of cholera , so far as Mr Drouet ' s establishment is concerned , entirely to have subsided , it is to be regretted that such "is not the case with regard to some ofthe children who have been removed from Tooting . It _appeai-s that the cholera has again made its appearance in a malignant form amongst thc children removed from Tooting to St . Pancras workhouse . When Pr . Arthur Farrc nnd Mr . Grainger , the two medical superintendents of the _Boarofof Health , visited St . Pancras workhouse on Saturday night , there were only one or two cases , and a very few cases of low fever , in the cholera wards . On Sunday night , howevera very
consi-, derable change in the state of affairs took place , as will be seen by the following official report issued on Monday by Mr . Bird , the medical gentleman specially appointed by the directors of the poor of St . Pancras , to attend the children since their . llTival from _Tooting ;— ' 'Temporary Hospital , St . Pancras , Jan . 22 nd , 1849 . —I regret having to make an unfavourable report to-day , especially as everything appeared progressing so well . Yesterday ( Sunday ) __ evening , liowever , one of the boys was seized with cholera most severely . During the ni ght six more boys were taken up to the infirmary , with low fever , and this _mornirg one of the girl *
was also severely attacked with cholera . These two cases of cholera are in a state of collapse . One of the two children I have previously reported as in a _dangerous condition , died last evening at eight o'clock , the duration of attack being nine days . Cases of cholera , ISO ; deaths , 10 ; collapse , 2 ; low fever , 28 ; deaths , 0 . —( Signed ) Henry Bird , surgeon . " The children in the Holborn and Strand unions are reported as going on favourably , but it must be remarked , that not only is roast beef and mutton given them every day for dinner , but even wme and other stimulants are administered to sustain the stamina of the children .
On Tuesday the Board of Health received reports of the following fresh cases : — Refuge , Agarstreet , Marylebone , 1 ; St . Pancras Workhouse , 1 fatal ; Wandsworth , 7 , 2 fatal ; Battersea , 1 fatal ; Whltechapel , 2 , 1 fatal ; Carlisle , 1 fatal ; Howden Union Workhouse , 1 ; East Reedham , Norfolk , 5 , lfatal : York Union Workhouse , 2 fatal ; Wark-Glendall Union , 4 , 3 fatal ; Kilbarchan , 6 fatal ; New Milnesand Loudon , 11 , 10 fatal ; Haddington , from 6 th , 30 , 15 fatal ; ' _Gidston , from 14 th inst ., 52 , 16 fatal ; Rickerton , Ayrshire , 10 , 1 fatal ; Old Monkland , 19 , 8 fatal ; Oben , 2 , 1 fatal ; Dunblane , 1 fatal ; Doune , 1 fatal ; Selkirk , 4 : Dreghorn , 1
fatal , —Total new cases , 162 ; 72 fatal . On Wednesday the following fresh cases were reported to the Board of Health : —Whltechapel , 1 ; Westminster , 1 fatal ; St . Pancras Workhouse , 1 fatal ; Kensington , 3 , 1 fatal ; Battersea ( Althorpe House ) , 1 latal ; Wandsworth , 2 ; East llecdham , Norfolk , 4 ; Carlisle , 1 ; Wakefield , 3 , 2 fatal ; Edinburgh , 5 , 1 fatal ; Glasgow , 94 , 35 fatal ; Selkirk , 4 , 1 fatal ; Old Monkland , 37 , 23 fatal ; Greenock , 3 fatal ; Melrose 3 , 1 fatal ; Jedburgh . 1 ; Dunoon , 1 fatal ; _Kew Milns and Loudon , 4 , 1 fatal ; Tulliallan , Kincardine , 2 , 1 fatal ; Doune , 1 ; Mauehline , 4 , 2 fatal . Total new cases , 175 ; 75 deaths .
On Thursday there were 172 new cases and C 9 deaths . On Friday there were 102 new cases and 03 deaths .
Maim.
maim .
Thames.—Brutality At Sea.—James Grieves,...
THAMES . —Brutality at Sea . —James Grieves , mate of thc Jenny Lind , was charged with cruelly assaulting Richard Williams , an apprentice on board that vessel . —The complainant stated that about five months ago , just before the ship got into Valparaiso , the defendant flogged him cruelly round the mast , and compelled him to fly up each side of the rigging . Complainant never knew what he was beaten for . Whilst in the court that < lny the defendant said to him , " If you go against me , look out for your next
voyage , as I am going in the shi p with you . " Witness was apprenticed to the captain . — "William Grinishaw , said he had been at sea since 1830 , and never witnessed such brutalitv as that exercised towards complainant . Before the boy was struck the mate and captain were whispering together . The captain went below and put out his light , but he must have heard thc boys piercing screams , as the mate beat him up the rigging at each side of the vessel . Tho blood ran down his thighs , and his back was black and blue all over . It was the most cold-blooded
thing witness ever saw , and it was continued for twenty minutes . He hit him with a clewline , not earing where he struck . —The defendant admitted that he thrashed the boy , but it was orily gentle correction , because of his filthy habits . —Mr Seeker said that the case was of by far too grave a _charac-: ter for the exercise of summary jurisdiction . It was not for him ( Mr Seeker to decide on the amount of injury that had been done . The boy must indict the defendant at the sessions , and , in th 6 mean time , he ( the magistrate ) would require the latter to put in sureties to appear for the purpose of having the depositions taken against him . . SOUTHWARK . —An _Ori-bal for Beooabs . —J . Griffin and W . Wicks were charged with begging , — A policeman stated that on the preceding day while on duty near St . James ' s Church , Rothcrhithe , he observed the prisoners , who importuned the congrogration for alms as they left the church . —Mr Cottingham questioned Griffin , who , in reply , said that
he belonged tothe Crusader , from Sydney , and now in the West India Docks ; that he was paid off from that vessel three weeks ago , and received £ 34 wages . —Mr Cottingham asked why he did _nottvy to get another ship ?—He said he lost his register ticket , and could not get one . —Mr Cottingham directed him to exhibit his hands to ascertain whether he had done any hard work recently , anl upon examination it was evident that ho had not , which drew from the magistrate the remark that he was convinced that he and his companion were a pair of idle vagabonds that went about begging , and that he was not a sailor as ho represented himself to be . —Griffin , however , still asserted that he was , and Mr Cottingham sent to the West India Docks to make inquiry , and the messenger brought back w rd that no vessel named the Crusader had been there since last March . —Thc magistrate adjudged Griffin to three months' imprisonment with ' hard labour , and thc other prisoner to one mouth in
the House of Correction , WORSHIP-STREET . —A Genuine Amazon . — Mrs Mary AnneBedwell , stated to be the wife ofa fruit salesman in Spitalfields , was charged with violently assaulting and seriously injuring a hrdker uametlWest , and two of his assistante , named Pilgrim and Bleene . In consequence of the defendant ' s husrand being in arrear fo :- rent , tbe complainant West received instructions to levy an execution npon hi- goods for ( he amount due , ana tor that purpose , accompanied by two of his men , pro ceeded to "he house at six o'clock on Saturday evening . The ( ' efaidant wis out at the time ol _^' ie levy , but on her return , and learning the _obJe , c _- \ 0 tlicir visit , she flew in _* o a violent passion , and dc _* clarin-r that , sooner than her goods should be taken
away , sbe would smash everything in the house , immediately snatched up a poker , and laying it about her in a ' ll directions , very speedily covered the floor with the fragments of all the _^ Ia- _? _, crockery , and furniture she had power to demoish _s « e then smashed out the glass and framework of one ot the windows , and having unavailingly ordered tue men Pilgrim and Bleene to quit the p ace B « ° _*" they also sustained injury , commenced a furious attack upon them , and exerted her strength to pittn . ne of them through the broken window wwtne street . A violent struggle ensued between them , in which the man ' s clothes were literally _?** _"" ' ° ? ' *> and the A _f-ndant , having be „ fo _. led in lir * object dealt the mm a blow with the poker which stre . ched him upon the floor , and continued beating him so KoX that the _second man ( lileene ) , in his apwovia
_prehens'dn « _hat murder _oe co . ™ -. _™ ,. — mt fur thc assista- ceof the police . Before they arrived , however , West himse tente-ed the place , but h , d no sooner got in at the d-or , ban the defend ™ _rau-ht up p-rt of a bedstead she had previousl > Soke * , andd alt him such a Wow across the Mee wi ? hit its to _h-eak outone of h s teeth , and lo lowed thisup _^ ith such vindictive deUrmi .. _at .. n , thate « m oblioed to make lis way ou' of then-use as ra-•!« ? -he cou d -Police-constable 191 II , stated , fi _' upon _eSring the _hOMC to take the defendant to ciistodv , he found her then engaged m sma _. h _ng ° one of the _windows to pieces and that the room _prl-entedundeniableevidencc of the outrageous na
Thames.—Brutality At Sea.—James Grieves,...
hrnLn _L . conduct . -Innst everything in it _r-eing _Kfr _, ? . _^ _? ' - the - _" _"Pnent" -ving about iu nied „ _^ _^ _- S , 0 n _- . _--The defenda"t _Wemily dehv a . ™ * P - ?« of the violence attributed to her of tS . _, T f _? ltms f > _™* Pleaded In extenuation j » I , n ° _^ i ? cr _condl-ct the dreadful excitement lie naturally laboured under ats _eing herself likely _« idI _?& ° rUjr Wlth 0 ut _' * home-Mr Hammiil saia , that the case was one of fur too serious a cha-7 Z _£ ll i dei - " with summarily , _mi h should , therefore , order the defendant to be remanded tor a week to afford an opportunity for ascertaining the result of the injuries the complainants had sustained .
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The Executive Of The National Charter As...
The Executive of the National Charter Association met at their rooms , 144 ' , High Holborn , on Friday evening , January 19 th , when the f » l owing members were present : •—Messrs Kydd Dixon , Stallwood , M'Grath , Harney , and Clark . Mr Dixon wa » called to the chair . Mr Stallwood reported the result of hia _mttsiou to _CamA-erwell Mr Stallwood next reported that the Standard Theatre was open to them for Wednesday evening , February 7 th , and was instructed to take the same in aid of the funds of the association . —Mr Stallwood reported that , he had received several answers from the parliamentary gentlemen invited to attend : that all spoke well of the new plan of organisation ,
and that Charlts _Lnshington , and other members of parliament had promised to be present on the 29 ih inst . — -Mr M'Grath , in accordance with the notice he had given , proposed the following resolution : — ' That as there is a probability of several uolitical parties being shortly before the people with their respective projects of reform , and as it is essential that the policy of the National Charter Association in regard to such parties should be clearly denned , the Executive Committee therefore declare , that in its opinion , every political party has an unquestion . able right to promulgate their principles , and promote their objects , without any other obstruction than . ' uchas maybe occasioned by legitimate discussicn : but while recognising the right oif other parties to seek thos * reforms which appear to them proper , the Executive Committee are more deeplv
than ever impressed with the conviction—that the great object of the National Movement should he 'The People's Charter , whole and . entife . '—Mr Stallwood seconded the motion ; and Messrs Harney , Clark , Kydd and Dixon , having addressed ihe committee thereon , it was ultimatel y agreed that the question should stand adjourned until the next night of meeting ; that Mr Kydd should prepare the draught of an address io the country , _explanatory ofthe principles embodied in _MrM'Grath ' _s resolution , and that the resolution and address be submitted to the next meeting . It was further resolved — ¦ That any resolution or address that may be adopted by tbe metropolitan members of the Executive on the , subject shall be submitted to the provincial numbers of the committee , for their approval or rejection . ' The committee then adjourned .
Keighley . —Mr . O'Connor ' s letter of the 13 th inst . was discussed on Sunday week , and the following resolution unanimously adopted : — ' Tbat we , the members of the Chartist Association of Keighley , do hold ourselves responsible on behalf of this district for the payment of our equal share in bringin' * out the Prize Essay , as suggested by Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . ' Sheffield , —At a council meeting held on Sunday last , it was resolved . — ' That a bazaar be got up for the benefit of the _vict-ms . ' Several articles were presented to the council , after which the meeting adjourned to Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clock .
Mrs Theobald ' s Week ' s Route . —On Sunday , _January 14 th , Mrs Theobald delivered her first lecture in Keighley , in the Working Man ' s Hall , on Temperance . Op . Monday evening she lectured at Farnhill , on the same subject . On Tuesday evening at Bi . igley . On Wednesday evening again at Keighley , on ; Woman ' s Duty , and her position in society at the present crisis ; ' and at the close of the lecture . formed a female Chartist association—thirtyfour enrolled their names . Ou Thursday evening at the same place , on the ' Rights of Man . ' On Friday evening at Skipton ; Saturday evening at Farnhill ; and on Sunday afternoon and evening , at Bingley .
The Westminster branch of the National Charter Association , met last Sunday evening , at the Progression _Coffee-bouss _, 17 , _Ityder-tfourt , Leicester-square , when Mr S . Kydd delivered an eloquent address to a a _numerous audience , on the « Life and writings of Dr Benjamin Franklin . ' At the conclusion of the lecture , about twelve cards of membership were taken out , after which the _subject of taking a commodious building for a hall was decided upon , in shares of 5 s . each , when _forty-seven shares were taken ; the shares to be paid by instalments , commencing on the 2 Sth inst ., and to be unlimited . The meeting was adjourned to Sunday next .
MANcnESTBR . — -The Victim Committee have issued a lengthy and powerful address , and circulated it in Manchester and its vicinity , calling on the people to support the law-made victims of spies and informers—a call which we hope will be heartily responded to . Owing lo its extreme length , we are unable to give the address .
TO F . O'CONNOR ESQ ., M . P . Respected Sir , —I am requested by the Dorking ChaniBts to ' state our opinion on your letter in ihe Star of the 13 th inst 1 st , Our opinion is that the proposed scheme of Financial Reform , will not benefit the working classes , while we are ruled by class-made laws . —2 nd , We are of opinion that your proposition to give prizes for the six best essays on the Labour Question is very good , and we are ready with our humble means to assist to the extent of our power . —Lastly , We very much approve of petitioning Parliament , according to your proposition in tbe above-named letter . Should the proposition he reduced to _practice , I trust we shall not he behind in the number of signatures . —Yours truly and sincerelv _, on behalf of the Dorking Chartists , W . Dale .
Finsbury Lecture Room 34 , Clf . rkenwellgreen . —Mr Ambrose Hurst delivered an interesting lecture on Sunday _last , on ' The future prospects of Democracy . ' After which a resolution was passed that all personB having books for the Executive New Year ' s Gift , should bring thera iu on Suaday evening next , on which night the chairman announced Mr . T . Clark , of the Executive , would lecture at half-past seven o ' clock .
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Charterville.—At A Meeting Of Tbe Occupa...
Charterville . —At a meeting of tbe occupants on the 19 th inst . the following resolutions , moved by Mr . Gilbert , asd seconded by Mr . Gathard , were unanimously adopted . — ' That we , the allottees of Charterville , are of opinion that it would not be consistent with our duty to our brother members of the Land Company , were we to avail ourselves of the proposition of Mr . O ' Connor , to give us the first year ' s rent from the funds of the Company , and we eaimot but feel that it would he an unmanly _impo-titioa on the generosity of Mr . O'Connor , were we to accept it from his private purse ; at the same time we feel the urgent necessity for a prolongation of the time granted for the first payment of rent , owing to the many unavoidable difficulties we have had to encounter in our new vocation . We are of opinion that whatever indulgence is granted to the balloted members should also be extended to
those who have purchased their allotments . ' Resolved also , That the thanks of this meeting are due , and are hereby given , ' to those branches who have voted us an extension of time for the first payment of rent . ' TO FEARGUS o _' cOXNOR E 3 _» , M . V . _Esteemed Friend . — -We the undersigned allottees of Charterville , having learned with pleasure that au address bas been sent to you from our brother _a-lottees , nine in number , beg also to address you -ith the highest feelings of gratitude for your promised gift to the balloted and purchased a lottees . Your kind benevolence towards us raises our hoprs and gives us fresh energy . Your sympathy for us in our novel situation , our inexperience in
agriculture , and having cropped all the ground ourselve * , a bad season , and not having had the loan , we trust is not unmerited . We differ from some members , who think that purchased members ought to share the eame privileges as balloted members , because they must be men of property and in many instances have taken no part in the _struggle for our glorious principles , in which many have been persecuted wild the loss of employment , maJ « their friends enemies , and broken family ties . We are sorry that there should be any of our brother members found to stand in the way of your goodness believing , if left to your hi g h sense of justice , you will take that course which will most speedily place the greatest number on the land . Under youtscare wc have the greatest confidence ; although _we-bave
Charterville.—At A Meeting Of Tbe Occupa...
endured much , we are proud of our _portion ; we feel that we are free—we feel certain that by perseverance _, industry , and economy , our glorious Land Plan will be the salvation of our country . Your charitable feeling , even towards those that have been ungrateful for your unprecedented services , is noble and ought lo be a lesson for our order , for witbout charity we are of little worth , We hope , ere long , to show by our industry we are deserving the praise of the Land Members , and also of yourself , wbich is all you require from your grateful allottees . Wil'iam Hays , William Eettnell , Benjamin Jackson , Thomas Kirk , Susaanah Johnson , Jane Bell , James Holmes , John Bennett , William Hoe , Thomas Holland , Mark Dyson , John Jackson , Thoma' Lutet , James Shawross , John Bradshaw , Mrs . Goodwill , John Clark , Thomas Maycock .
To Feargus O'Connor, Esq., M.P. Horsemon...
TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . _Horsemonger-lane , Gaol , January 18 th , 1849 . Dear Sir , —I ought to apologise for addressing you on the present occasion ; but as , perhaps , you are the only Member of Parliament who will take any interest in the affair , and as I know the cause is next your heart , I am certain that , if you cannot remedy the evil , you will sympathise with the victim ; further apology is unnecessary . I am one of thc four Chartists who were tried for
_sedi-ion , in August last , at the Old Bailey . With respect to the justice which we received on that occasion , I will say nothing , as there can be but one opinion upon that point in the minds of honest men ; hut , as I conceive , we did not get the benefits upon that occasion which the law ( bad as it is ) allows , you will greatly oblige by letting me know if the following objections -will be sufficient for the eround of a petition to Parliament , for the purpose nf setting aside the sentence , upon the plea of illegality .
On the 25 th of August last , I was brought lo trial without the reading of any indictment , the Attorney-General opening the case to the jury without that ceremony , so that I had no rightly _, defined notion of what I stood charged with . Several witnesses were examined on behalf of the Crown , of which I received no intimation before vbey entered the witness-box . The authorities of Newgate refused to admit all hooks or papers that we required for our defencefor the other three victims were treated in a similar manner—and to auch an extent was this carried , that a copy of the Charter , aad that part of the Penny Encyclopedia containing the word '
Misdemeanour , were not permitted to be passed to us . Finding remonstrance to be lost upon them , we prepared our defences , with memory for our guide . But—as if they had repented at the eleventh hour , or rather conscious that we could make no use of them—they brought us two books upon Irish affairs when they came to lock us up for the night , on the day before we tvere called into court . When I mentioned this to the Judge ( Baron Platt ) he expressed doubt upon the subjeet . Wken I asked him to call the governor er the chaplain to substantiate my assertion . He declin-d doing so , but admitted that they had no right to bave aeted in the
manner they did . I requested him ( the Judge ) to take a note of it , which he did , or pretended to do , for I am unable to speak positively upon the point , as he never made any allusion to it afterwards . The Attorney-3 eneral merely remarked , in his reply , that what was done by the authorities of the prison , neither be nor his lordship had anything to do witb . We bad many other obstacles to contend against : snch as being kept without paper , pens , and ink ; and , indeed , had the deputy- _¦¦ overnoi not lent us his pen-knife at last , we would have been obliged to have appeared in court without our defences being committed to writing j as it was , you will perceive that we got anything but fair-plat .
As Messrs . Shell , Bezer , and myself , resolved to defend ourselvrs rath * r tban let a parcel of lawyers take from the Defence Fund , you can easily perceive the motives that gave rise to the above treatment , and , perhaps , you will he better able than I am , from your position , to understand whether they acted upon their own authority , or by the advice of the Home Office . In either case , the tyranny and injustice is still the same . We have greatly to complain of that _muchhoasted , but ( at least , in our case ) woefully fallacious axiom , that ' The judge is thc prisoner ' s counsel . ' For , aB far as we were concerned , he was the bitterest enemy we had in court , not even _excepting the Attorney-General himself . But , if he bad
cmfimd himself to truth , or the exaggerated evi dence laid before him , some excuse might be pleaded on _*^ his beh al f ; but he despised both , and had recourse to falsehood , a _despicable qualification for a judge . For example , he told the jary that I had a right to agitate for the Charter , but I had no rig ht to do so with arms in my hands—although there was no evidence offered , either in my case , or in that of any of the others , that any of us bad been taken , or so much as seen , on any occasion , in such a condition ; the only arms that had any reference to us , was a sword that was found hang ng upon my bedroom wall after I was arrested . Indeed , as far as arms are concerned , there are very few persons in the kingdom ao destitute of them as we were .
When we were brought up for judgment , I attempted to make the foregoing the ground of objection for staying the sentence , both in my own _caae and that of the others . But his lordship overruled , on the ground that wc were tried for _misdemeanour and that it only held good in cases of felony . If such is the _sfote of the law , the law of sedition must be a mockery of human wisdom , and a dangerous weapon in the hands of bad men . "Who can expect justice when the law is so bad , the government so vindictive , and the judges so inhuman ? But , sir , if you think that these matters are sufficient grounds of objection to frame a petition on our beha'f , my unfortunste compaHion and
rayself will forward the same to you , either jointly or separately , as you may desire . But I beg of you clearly to understand , that we mean , independent of any cringing to the minister of the day—a petition based upon the magnitude of our wrongs , and asking no other favour than the favour of fair-play , a favour not easil y obtained of late from the ItuaseH administration . These may appear serious charges , but nevertheless they can be substantiated by Messrs . Shell , Beezer , Crow , and Shaw ; for although the last named person was tried at the Sept niber Session , that was on account of his having traversed , but whether he met with the same
treatment that fell to our lot I have no mode of _ascer' taining . Still I know that he is cognisant of the above , and the olbers are too well aware of it , being sufferers from it like myself . Should the state of the law be such tbat there i * no mode of redress but Oy a writ of error , will jou have the kindness to hit me know if I can carry on the proceedings in _person in my present position , not having money te throw away among lawyers ; nor have I the inclination to allow the Defence Committee to do so , although they might be willing , as I consider they can put it to a better purpose than paying so dear forthe relief of Yours , w ith sincet ity and respect , James Maxwell Brysok .
The Miners Of Northumberland And Durham....
THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . In accordance with the resolution adopted by the delegates at the ' Hastings' Arms , ' a general meeting of the miners was held at Scaffold-hill on Saturday fast , when the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to : ¦—¦• That the nature and extent of the reductions offered to the workmen ot Seghill _, Deleval , Cowper , Percy Mair , and other collieries ought to be resisted , inasmuch as the market price of coals being higher than at auy _psevious period of the year , does not warrant suck reduction : therefore , should such reduction be complied with , each colliery in the trade may necessarily expect a like reduction to be offered to them . ' That this _meeting being fully alive to the _principles emhodied in the preceding resolution ,
determine to support the workmen of Deleval , and other collieries , who may resist the reductions offered by their masters . ' ' That , in the opinion of this meeting , the only safe remedy against thc oppression of our roasters is union ; therefore , we agree to orgaaise ourselves in one common bond of brotherhood , for the protection of our labour ( our only capital ) , aud cordially invite our brother miners to unite with us in carrying out the said organisation . ' The meeting having listened attentively to the various speakers , in tlieir endeavours to elucidate and make clear the _necessity for , and ihe adoption of , the respective _rtsolulions , evinced a determination to carry out _^ the objects ofthe _mating whiCtt W fair to bring forth the most pleasing results Delegatk Meeting at the Wukatsmgaf , _BfiNrON-sauARK . —A delegate meeting was held at
The Miners Of Northumberland And Durham....
_he'lVheataheaf / _Benton-square , at the close of t j ' n , _« - » _* _8 _Salient represented . viz . _lington _, _JJat Cramhngto _. > . R ,. Solved : - ' That each delegate use his best endeavours to miih forward the organisation in his colliery , ___ t 0 auist in _getting proper and sufficient support for those who may be obliged to resist the reductions off _^' d h y their master . * . ' 'That a _disrict _delerjate meeting be held at Mr . Bell ' s' Hastings' Arms , ' _Seatou Deleval _. on Saturday , 27 th inst ., at twelve o ' clock ; each colliery is expected to send a delegate . ' ' Tbat a general meeting of miners take place at Scaffuldhill _. on ' aiurday , February 3 rd . Chair _. to t _, e taken at t-reive o'clock * .
To Tiie Editor Of The Northern Stap, Sir...
TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAP , Sir , —The Chronicle of _Thur-day , contained a pretended repi . rt of a meeting held in the South London Chartist Hall on Wednesday evening , from which I extract the following ;—"A Mr . . Sirann was voted to tbccliair _, who opened thaproceedings . _ He stated that as possibly they might soon have a rf volution , it was as well ( o be prepared what to do ; and in tlie event of tlieir ( tlie _-ico-ik' ) _g-.-iiniiif ; the day , he advised tlicm to bare nothitiir tu do with home coloniesand
, au ttiat _humbug , as aariscd b y the Spirit ofthe Age and the Mar newsapeis . _Projects Here verv plentiful ; _l- ' cargus O Coniior has i > ut forth one , _whii-h he stvled " The Landlord s 1 rotector . " Now tliey did not want any landlords ut all ; and their object wa * to get rid of them altogether ; aud should th _« y accomplish ; _v revolution , he advised them not to put up with waste lands and bits Of rough , hut to root out the present system entirel y , for , if they did not , they would again lie brought under subjection . Mr . StaUwood , Mr . kydd , and others addressed the meeting , urging them to enrol and renew thc agitation for the Charter . " .
From the ab & ve , the impression on the part of th reader would be , that a revolution was at hand , and that the object would be , to possess the property of the rich , and divide it among the poor . The words _us « 1 by Mr . _Smill . ( not Swann , ' as reported in the Morning Chronicle , ) were , 'Revolutions had occurred and would again occur . ' He certainly repudiated the teachings of Mr O'Connor , and the editors of the Spirit of the Age , on home colonisation . The latfer _semiment , _howevsr , waa not reciprocated bv the _meciing-, and was commented upon and replied fo hy Mr Stallwood and myself . Why has the writer of the report in question omitted all I said on the
occasion ? And why has he not noted my distinct repl y to the speech of the chairman ? The reason is obvious . He desired to acquire for the _m-eting the character of illegality - to have represented tke objects and sentiments of the speakers fairly would not have suited his purpose . Is it not lamentable to think , that a daily journal of importance should stoop to such misrepresentation ? What can the ministry , the parliament , or the citiz-ns of a state , know of the sentiments of the people , if such a practice be continued ? It is unnecessary that I should say more I wait to see the Chronicle oi to-xorrow , and remain your obedient servant , Jan- 25 th Samuki , Kvdd .
Ireland.—Donun, Wednesday.—-Patrick Goga...
Ireland . —DonuN , Wednesday . — -Patrick Gogarty , who some months ago was convicted of illegal training and drilling , * nd sentenced to transportation , filed a writ of error on the ground that the indictment was bad . Tbe case was argued in the Queen ' s Bench yesterday , and this day tbe Chief Justice pronounced the judgment of the Court . He said , that be and his Learned Brethren were clearly of opinion that tbe indictment was bad in every count , because of its omitting to specify the exact nature of the _off-ince charged in the words of the Act of Parliament ; that therefore the sentence must be set aside , and the convict discharged . This decision not only procures the prisoner ' s liberty , but that of fifteen other parties who are under sentences of imprisonment .
FRANCE . —The seven magistrates selected from the Court of Cassation to form the High Court of Justice for the trial of Barbes and his compatriots , are Messrs Berenger , Hardoin , Rocher ; Hello , and Boisseu , as titular judges , and Messrs Pataille and Dulapalme as supplementary judges . The five titular judges assembled ou Saturday , and chose M . Berenger , lately named President of the Court of Cassation , to be President of the High Court , Th _<* Journal des Debuts , of Wednesday , publishes the details of the budget which has been presented to the National Assembly , from which it appears that the army is to be reduced by 121 , 372 men , and 8 , 022 horses , andthe fleet to 10 ships of the line , 8 frigateB , 18 corvettes , 24 brigs , 12 transports , and 24 _cut'e _^ s , to be manned by 20 , 000 men . Huber , who pronounced thc dissolution of the National Assembly , during the invasion ofthe 15 th of
May , addresses , through the Reforme , a letter to the Proctireur-General of the Republic , in which he protests against the decision by which nineteen persons are accused ofa fact of which he states tbat he accepts all the responsibility . He says , that forced by the necessity of circumstances , he declared the dissolution of the Assembly unknown to his tellow-accused . He adds , that he did not constitute ' . _-. _imself a prisoner , because he expected a different decision , and that he will not give himself up in order to cause an adjournment of tbe trial , and thereby prolong the imprisonraeut of some of the ? accused ; but , on fie day of trial , he promises to present himself , not to defend himself , but to tell the truth , which has been so hypocritically falsified by the reactionary and Royalist spirit , —The Minister of the Interior is prepariuga Bid for suppressing or restriction of the clubs .
What Ikela . vp Nukii . s . —What the Irish people in Ireland want , is a mind of their own ; they want to know where they are going and the way to it ; they must learn who and what they arc to fight for , and why ; they must form their resolutions first and their Institutions afterwards . " For * people to be free , " said Lafayette , himself an actor in four revolutions , "itis enough that they will it . " Ireland must will it—and then , whosoever stands in the way , Priest or Layman , Lord Spiritual or Temporal , he " is a public enemy , a deserter ; or a traitor according to his antecedents , and to be treated as such . The Irish people have no practical knowledge of what freedom is . How should they ? To them it is a . terra _incognita , a dim tradition ,. a traveller's
story . For more than fifty years there has been uo government which the people could see and feel in Ireland , no native militia in which they could train and drill , no local organisation in which they could debate affairs , no press — until lately — that dare speak out the whole truth . How should such a peoplo know what liberty is , except by report or mstmct , which is more defective in man than in any other animal . The press that discoursed Liberty is suppressed . The League and the Confederation arc dead—the Repeal Association , by thc visitation of Providence , is no more . The land is left in all its nakedness without combination or guidance . And so best : The talking . shops , called Associations , wasted the people ' s passion in worth . The press was , after all , a stimulant , which a . healthv nation would not have needed to arouse it to its duties . Lot the press be silent , lot the phrase w _.-n-uliouses bo _c-Josod up , let the people take their
own heart * for orators and their own _thou-fhts for counsellors . Turn them in upon themselves and they will soon see how sad a state slavery is . It will besome intolerable , and thoy will do any thing to escape it . What the Irish people want essentially in true political teaching , 'i hoy have been taught —but how' ? Patienco and perseverance ? Yes ! the patience that starves under a full table , and the perseverance that will die and trill be famished _, whore is this political creed , what are its articles , its definitions , its axioms . _? We have Jefferson's declaration of Independence , and Grattan ' 8 declaration of Ili g hts , and Mirabeau's Rights of Man , but what is this ? " Hurrah for Hepeal '" "three cheers for the Queen ' . " such was our old Alpha and Omega , and all between was , words , words , words . But ' give tlie Irish people a creed of liberty to fight for , and no men on earth will go through greater risks and dangers for what they believe to he rigfet and tho truth . —Sew York Nation .
South Losnox Working Max _s Literary asd Scientific I . vstitutio . v . —This Institute , which was opened on Tuesday evening with a concert and ball , is , wc are informed , originated for spreading knowledge amongst its members ; its moans will be the subscriptions and abilities of its members , and the donations of those friendly to such institutions ; and , its plan of operation will be to throw open the rooms to the members at all times ; to provide a variety of periodicals , and a library for their use ; to organise classes for the study of every branch of art and science ; to lecture on aud discuss every subjeet tlie members collectively may deem profitable or intereKtinar .
C . tunEnwEU . —A public discussion was held , last week , in the School Room of thc llev . John Burnett , on the question of " Morality . " The llov . gentleman occupied the chair . A deputation was present from the Executive of the National Charter Association who were invited by the Camberweii friend * , and the morality debated was political . Messrs . "Webber , Vines , Stallwood and others took an active part , and every _allusion to the People ' s Charter was vehemently applauded , although the audience was mainly composed of persons of the middle class . The debate was conducted with the greatest decorum and order , the freest discussion was not only permitted but invited . Such discussions must tend much tothe dissemination of sound political infoimatioa amongst both the middle and working classes . 1 he next discussion was announced for the 30 th inst ., on . " What Lessons does History teach ?'
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27011849/page/5/
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