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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th November 1846, Edition 3 of 3, Page 4, ^

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    • BOOKS PUBLISHING BY B. D. COUSINS, 18, DUKE-STREET, LINCOLN'S-INN-FIELDS LONDON. JL - * ¦ ¦*¦ •*¦* "*-* • '•*Xl--»vy-'- JLw 'J- ¦ '** **¦** •***• _ ,.„,Z ,,„._ ^ 1^^-a^«! j^-^^ .'. . -- - --= .,---.- .-*-¦ --.- - 7 - iy HO| *-k.. 1
    • PROGRAMME OFTHE PROCEEDINGS TO BE PROPOSED BY THE DIRECTORS AT THE APPROACHING LAND CONFERENCE.
    • rHE NORTHERN STAli. SAT CRD AT, NOTEMBER 28 , 1846.
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      Ad00409

      Ihe Shepherd , by tbe Rev . J . E . Smith . M A .. Vol . I . _pricejs . < _" & Vol . II price . "J * . V _<* 1 . III . price 6 s . 6 < L , cloth _boards * or the three volumes in one , half-bound ta eilf sa _. l lettered , price 16 s . "Refutation of Oiver . isin _, by 6 . Hertford , of Worcester ; with a Krply . by the R = v . J . E . Smith , JI . A . Is . Hew Ciiristianit _; ; or the _Religion of St . Simon , with a coIo j-. cl portrait of a St . Simonian Female ; translated _bytlieR _* T .. _l . E Smith , M . A . Is . The litt . t H . _xik , addressed to the Bishcp of Exeter aud _Eowrt Owen , by the Rev . J . E . Smith , M . A . 6 d . ; bv post , lOd . _Xec-iids ami Miracles , bv the Rev . J . E . Smith , M . A

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      IMPORTANT TO PHOTOGRAPHISTS . A Jf applicatiou was made on the 22 nd _Sipt-mber , to J J \_ the Vice-Chancellor of England , by _Jlr . Beard _i in _iwho , acting under a most extraordiny _delusi ja , considers li * _himseifithe * o "« j > af « _'it « of the Photographic process _llto n restrain MR . ESERTON , of 1 , Temple-stn . cc , and 148 , _rriCCt-Street , rom taking Photographic _Portions , -which 'hihe does bv a process entirely differeat frop _. _uidrcry si superior to Mr . Beard ' s , and at one-half tlie cl . _'rge . IDs Honour refused the app lication in toto . No license required to practice this process , which is 'tataughtby Mr . Egerton in a fri lessons at amoderate Alf the App ? ratus , Chankals , fee to b « had as usual IHlUt his Depot , ! , Temple-street , _IVMtefriars .

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      Books Publishing By B. D. Cousins, 18, Duke-Street, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields London. Jl - * ¦ ¦*¦ •*¦* "*-* • '•*Xl--»Vy-'- Jlw 'J- ¦ '** **¦** •***• _ ,.„,Z ,,„._ ^ 1^^-A^«! J^-^^ .'. . -- - --= .,---.- .-*-¦ --.- - 7 - Iy Ho| *-K.. 1

      BOOKS PUBLISHING BY B . D . COUSINS , 18 , DUKE-STREET , _LINCOLN'S-INN-FIELDS LONDON . JL - * ¦ ¦*¦ •*¦* " * - * '•* Xl-- » _vy- ' - JLw 'J- ¦ ' ** _**¦** _•***• __ _,. _„ , Z ,, _„ . _ _^ _^^ _-a _^«! j _^ _- _^^ . ' . _. -- - --= _.,---.- .- _* - ¦ --.- - 7 - iy _HO | _* _-k .. 1

      Ad00411

      A GOOD FIT _WARRANTED . "f |*| TBSD"ELL AUD CO ., Tailors , are now making up-11 . U complete Suit of Superfine Black , any sue , for £ 8 . EBuSuperfine West of England Black , £ S 10 s . ; and- th _W-eivery best Superfine Saxony , £ 5 , warranted not to spot o _sekskange colour . Juvenile Superfine Cloth Suits , 24 s . _fLiif . _iveriet equally cheap—atthe Great Western Emporium . tKoKos . l and 2 , _Oxford-strect , London ; the noted bouse for -gagoad black cloths , and pateat made trousers . Gentlemen _ssaaan choose the colour aud ojuUty of cloth from tht _Ihch-ytt stock in Land— . Tht _tr _. oft Citing t & V _& t ,

      Ad00412

      LITHOGRAPHIC , ENGRATINGS . - iV' _-OFimt : _;;'^ _»< -JJ _' . * _•¦•>'' DUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . MAY still be had at the Office of Messrs . M'Go _* tas and Co ., 16 , Great Windmill Street _^ market London ; through any _^ _v _^ h le _booM _^ n i _^ n or The eng .-av . ng _w on a _" _« - _^ J' * _* tintc d p aper , and ss _fSif-fe' _^ _tfc _a _^ r _- ' " *" the Inscription , * c . i _^ , cni _^ . iveu i rmcE _fodrpeacl .

      Ad00413

      TO TAILORS . " LONDON " . nd _TARIS FASHIONS FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER , 1816-47 . By READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-Ptreet , _Bloorasbury square , London ; And G . Bergcr , Uolywell-street , Strand ; May l » e had of all booksellers , wheresoever residing . sow _UlEABT , By approbation of her Majesty Queen Yictoria , and his Royal Highness _Priace Albert , a splendid print richly coloured aad exquisitely executed "View of Hyd Park Gardens , as seen from Hyde Park , London . With this _beautitul Print will be seat Dress , Frock , and _Ridin-J Coat Patterns , the n west style Chesterfield , and the New Fashionable Double-breasted Waistcoat , with Skirts . The method of reducing and increasing them for all sizes , explained in the most simple manner , with I » ur extra Plates , and can be easily _performi-d by any person . Manner of making up , and a full description of - the Uniform * , as now to be worn in the Royal _Naiy , and othrr information .--Price 10 s ., or post-free lis .

      Ad00414

      CRIMES AND CONTRADICTIONS OF DANIEL O'CONNELL ESQ ., M . P ., In a series of letters , addressed to the Irish residing in Great Britain , by Patrick O'Hicgiks , Esq . Printed and published "by W . H . Dyott , No . 24 , North _King-strcet , corner of Linen Hall-strset , Dubliu . Price one penny each . Also the Rev . JonN Kestok ' s letters : and Mr . OXiggins's letters to Lord Elliot , _llight Rev . Dr . Blake , Mosl Rev . Dr . _M'Hale , _dsc , < fcc , & c .

      Ad00415

      Now ready , Price _Oae Shilling . TUK SECOND EDITION _« F MY LIFE , OR OUR SOCIAL STATE , Part I . a Poem , by ERNEST JONES , Barrister at Law . Full of wild dreams , strange fancies and graceful images , interspersed with many bright and beautiful thoughts , its chief defect is its brevity . The author ' s inspirations seem to gush fresh and sparkling from Hippo _, crene . He will waut neither readers nor admirers . -J / orn . ing Post It contains more pregnant _thoughts , more bursts of lyric power , more , in fine , ofthe truly grand aud beautiful , than any poetical work , whieh has made its appear _, ance for years . We know of few things more dramaticall y intense than the scenes _bstweer Piiilipp , Warren and Clare . —New Quarterly Review . Published by Mr . Newby , 72 , Mo . timer-street , _Cavendihs-squure . Orders received by all booksellers . Bv the _C'imd Author

      Royal Marylebone Theatre. Licensed By Au...

      ROYAL MARYLEBONE THEATRE . Licensed by authority of the Lord Chamberlain . Proprietor ... Lovebidge , Lessee ... ilr . John * _DorcLASS , Theatre , Marylebone , '

      A BENEFIT aid of the Funds of the Assembly and Reading Rooms , 83 , Sean Street , Soho , will he given On _TrESDAT EvEsrNG , 8 th or Decejibeb , 184 G , At the above Theatre , under tbe Patronage of T . S . DUNCOMBE , Esq .., M . P .. Who will honour the Theatre with his presence on this occasion .

      The Performance will commence with the lig hl y popular Comedy of JOHN BULL , or , an Englishman ' s Fire-Side . Job Thornberry , Mr . Gates . Sir Simon Rochdale , Mr . Biddell . Hon . Tcm _ShufHeton , [ on this occasion ) Mr . J . Rayner . Frank Rochdale , Mr . Liekfold . Dennis Brul . 1 _g ruddery , Mr . T . Lee . Dan , Mr . John Douglass . Pere . grine , Mr . Cowle . John Bur , Mr . Pennett . Simon , Mr . 1 Phillips . John . Mr . Stilt . Lady Caroline Braymore , Mrs . Campbell . Mrs . _Brnlgruddery , Mrs . Liekfold . ' Mary , Mrs . John Douglass .

      To be succeeded by a _Pusticco in which Mr . J . Rob . t Bins , the "Eminent Buffo Singer , will sing the _Hortlcul' - lural Lover , and a new song composed expressly for this occasion . > ' Mr . _Edmund Stallwood , at the earnest solicitation ol numerous friends , will make bis first _appearance on the stage , personate the character , and deliver the celebrated 1 recitation of _"Mawrform . " Matter Wilcox , will sing " Jack Rag , " and give the Mock Heroic Grecian Statues . Mr . John Douglass will ( by desire ) dance his celc-, brated hornpipe . ' To conclude with the Musical Drama entitled thc - _, y-11 is , .

      LITTLE DEVIL . Ferdiuaud , King of Spain , Mr . G . _Penaet . Fraz Antonio , Ur . Liekfold . Gil Yargo , Mr . Biddle . Don Rafael de Esturngo , Mr . J . Rayner . Count Mudoro , Mr . Bull . Antonio , Mr . _RobberiSs . Carlo , Mr . _lUcUatds . Carlo , assuming the character of Asmodeus , Miss Martin . Isabel , Mrs . Campbell . Casilda , Miss Robberds . Boxes , 2 s ; Pit , Is . ; Gallery , Cd . ; Private Boxes , £ 1 Is . ; Doors open at half-past six , performance to commence at 7 precisely .

      Tickets to be bad at the following p laces : Clark ' s Coffee House , 114 , Edgware Road ; Mr . Parker . News Agent , Harrow Road ; Mr . Vincent Pakes , 22 , _Hereford-street , _Lisson-grove ; Mrs . Isaacs , Upper Ogle Street ; Mr . Ernest Jones , 9 , Church Row , Hauipstead ; Mr . Hornby , 15 , Northaras Buildings , Somers Town ; Mr . Duddridge , Bricklayer ' s Arms ., _Tonbridge Street , Sew Boad ; Mr . L . F . Brown , Silver Street , Kern-fog . tou ; Mr . Gifford _, King Street . Koniingtou ; Mr . . Stall ' wood , 2 , Little Vale Place , Hammersmith Road ; Mr . Cullin g h a m , King Street , Hammersmith ; Mr . Skeltou , Cecil Court , St . Martin ' s Lane ; Mr . Barrett , Trades Office , 80 , Hyde Street , Blonmsbury ; Workman ' s O . irn Shop , 151 , Drury Lane ; Mr . Bu 8 h , I , York Street , Lambeth ; Mr . Gimblett , 3 , Howick Terrace , Vauxball-road ; Mr . John Arnott . Middlesex-place , Somers Towh ; Mr . Wilcox , 1 , Avery Farm Row , Pimlico ; Mr . Cuif y

      Maiden Lane , Covent Garden ; Mr . Milne , Union Street , Berkeley Square ; Madgi' n ' s Berkshire Coffee-house , Little _Tulteuey Street ; Mr . Sowter , C , Little Windmill Street ; Mr . Parkes , 82 , Little Windmill Strset ; Wes . tortou's Library , Park Side , Krightsbridge ; Gulliver's Coffee Ilouse , Holywell Street ; Mr . W . J . Young , 33 , Park Street , Dorset-square ; Mr . James Harris , Cursitur Street , Chancery Lane ; Mr . J . Grassby , 1 , Noah ' s Ark Court , back ofthe Amphitheatre , Lambeth ; Mr . G . J , Harney , Northern Star Office ; MS * . Govei _. _MarquU Court , Drury Lane ; The Silver Cu p , ; Cromer Street ; Mr . Roger * , Cooper , Lambeth Walk ; Mr . J . Gathard , Page ' s Walk , Bermondsey ; Mr . J . Cieave , 1 , Shoe Lane ; At the Assembly and Heading Rooms , 83 , Dean Street , Soho , and atall places of meeting of the Land , Charter , and Trades Bodies throughout the Metropolis , aud of Mr . Mergan , Printer , next door to the Theatre . Omnibuses from _Huugerford Market to the theatre , — charge 2 d .

      Ad00416

      On the 1 st of January-will be . published , ... . * .. ' . _^ _? ¦ ¦ -.- ' No . 1 , ( price 6 d . ) of THE LABOURER ,. V A Monthly Magazine of Politics , Literature , Poetry , & c . _Editedby Fea * ous _O'CoNNoa , Esq ., awd _Ebwest Jones , Esq ., | ( _Barristors-at-Law . ) With contributions by several able coadjutors . ' "The Labourer" wilt consist of 48 full pages of " alter ; it will be printed in a superior sty le on fine paper , and brought out , in all respects , equal to any Magazine of the day . No . 1 , will con t ain a " _Chbistmab Carol , " in verso , by Mr . Ernest Jones . Further particulars will be given in future _adverisi-Hients . -

      Programme Ofthe Proceedings To Be Proposed By The Directors At The Approaching Land Conference.

      PROGRAMME OFTHE PROCEEDINGS TO BE PROPOSED BY THE DIRECTORS AT THE APPROACHING LAND CONFERENCE .

      1st. To Appoint A Finance Committee To E...

      1 st . To appoint a Finance Committee to examine the accounts ofthe Treasurer aud Deputy Treasurer from the formation ofthe Company . 2 nd . To consider the propriety af raising funds upon the property of thc Company by sale , mortgage , or the establishment ofa bank ot deposit . 3 rd . To decide upon the plan of a cottage for tiie respective classes of occupants . 4 th . To consider the practicability of locating members of the same family upon the same estate , without detriment to those who shall be entitled to ballot at the same time . 5 th . To decide what expenses shall be paid out of the expense fund .

      6 th . To decide upon the means by which the salaries of officers shall be levied ; 7 th . To decide under what circumstances the Directors shall be empowered to erect School-houses . 8 th . To decide upon the mode by which Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses shall be appointed . 9 th . To decide as to how far the Directors . shall be empowered to expend monies in the improvement of land from purchase to the location of occupants . 10 th . To decide whether the Directors shall have the power of increasing tho fund-- ofthe Company by the sale nf estates . 11 th . To elect Trustees . 12 th . To elect Treasurer . . 13 th . To elect Deputy Treasurer . 1-ith . To receive the Report of the Finance Committee .

      15 th . To elect Auditors . 16 th . To consider the propriety of investing the district officers , with thc consent of thc Directors , with the power of rejecting Persons of bad character as Members . Fearoos O'Connor , Philip M'Gratii , Christopher Doyle , Thomas Clark . Thomas Martin Wheeler , Sec .

      Rhe Northern Stali. Sat Crd At, Notember 28 , 1846.

      rHE NORTHERN STAli . SAT CRD AT , NOTEMBER 28 , 1846 .

      The Confusion. Ix These Days Of Honourab...

      THE CONFUSION . Ix these days of HONOURABLE SPECULATION , when crowns play at hazard for nations , the mind becomes so expanded by the immensity of the stakes , that we are inclined to look upon our largest domestic ventures as " little goes "—a mere rouud of " chicken hazard . " One would naturally suppose that the annexation of Texas to the United States , of Cracow to the Austriau crown , and the no distant prospect ofthe addition of Spain to the family dower of the Bourbon family , should absorb all

      considerations of railway fluctuations , short time , manufacturing anticipations , and even the price of bread itself . However small in importance as the latter item may appear , we have a misgiving that its consideration will create louder thunder in our domestic arsenal than the distant guns of foreign artillery . In truth , we have always looked with great respect upon those opinions that are formed , and actions that are guided , by self-interest . There is an instinct in human nature , as well as habits , manners , customs , and propensities , which is implauted in the human mind , and with whose ascendancy even Socialism itself has not dared to grapple .

      It is ( rue that infant training may lead the growing mind to revolt against acts and institutions tolerated by the unlettered and uninformed . It is true that a new system of education may lead to new habits , manners , customs , and even propensities ; but it is equally true , that no system of training in which the infant or adult mind can be schooled will destroy those natural instincts which are implanted in the mind , and cannot be eradicated by education . We fear , moreover , that not only the natural instinct , but the cherished habits , manners , customs , and

      propensities of those who are _desiined to be the gunners in the next great domestic struggle , will have a powerful influence upon the settlement of those questions which have yet to be adjusted for the completion and realization of Mr . Cobden ' s notion of Free Trade principles . We allude to those timely and prudent concessions made part and parcel of the whole measure by Sir Robert Peel , but barred by the influence of the capitalist , as well as to the Edinburgh letter of the present Prime Minister , so fnll of promise to those who dreaded damage from thc inconsiderate settlement of the question .

      Mr . Cobden has been recently making a Free Trade tour in the territory of Don Quixote , with a Mr . Salis Schwabe as bis Sancho Panza , and so far from the danger of an encounter with windmills , so damaging to the chivalry of his illustrious master , we learn that many landlords graced his triumph at Seville , while the Commercio of Cadiz designates the attendance of 44 speculators as a GRAND BANQUET to our modem knight . It is not long since

      we reminded the Free Traders that of all classes living , foreign landed proprietors have the greatest interest i n a Free Trade in Corn with the richest country in the world ; and hence , we were fully prepared for the acceptance of the principle by them . But there is _^ a comrogue class of theirs , who , although attempted to be silenced by the pigmy thunder of the Times are , nevertheless , preparing for that confusion for which we are now preparing our readers .

      In England , as long as life can be preserved and taxes paid , there appears to be the most perfect security forpropertyin the midst of the most appalling want ah anomaly created by the judicious manner in . which the several classes , through possession , speculation , and patronage , have been heretofore allowed to manage the EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION of the nation ' s industry . Past history , however , tells us that there is danger to tbe state when change of laws or other circumstances threaten danger to any one of those orders . Hence , in 1842 , the bankrupt cotton-lords would have forced the country to a revolution in defence of their privileges , and in a struggle for increased plunder .

      We believe that the instinct which prompted those men to the daring outrage , will also influence the landlords of this country when danger threatens their order ; and especially if , upon the next representation of their body after a General Election , they shall find themselves strong enough to enter the field as an aggressive force . Perhaps few have turned tlieir attention to the probable constitution of the next House of Commons , —a House of Commons destined to be more _vigorously assailed from at home aud abroa d by nations and factions than any House since the days of the revolution .

      When the several classes of society were distracted and torn asunder by their own class-quarrels and dissensions , the democracy of each kicking against the rule of its little aristocracy , the House of Commons naturally became the representation of this mosaic mind , and by degress thc placid contests between Whigs and Tories have beeu changed into a perfect Babel of class confusion . Thus , seeing

      How, Under All Circumstances; The'house ...

      how , under all circumstances ; the ' House ! is '' driven to a graduated scale of representation , from the newest passion for change _' to the highest veneration for antiquated institutions , we venture to predict the practical effect of > his change from without , upon the _delibcratiOnsjofthe- ' COLLECTIYE WISDOM , " and with that view we venture upon a synopsis of the next' Parliament , by presenting the reader with what appears to us likely to be the relative strength of parties . Pure Whigs and Free Traders ... 260 Pure Protectionists ... ... 280 Peel and the Janissaries ... ... 70 Uamilcar , Young Hannibals , and their Tail - _...- ' ... H Smith O'Brien and the Young Irelanders ... ... 9 Duncombe and his party ... 20

      656 Sudbury , disfranchised ... 2 Total ... 658 Now such , we predict , will be the strength of parties after the next General Election . Peel arid the Janissaries constituting the balance of power between Free Traders and Protectionists , aiding Russell in his further threats upon the landed interes ' , until the Protectionists , like the Protestants after Emancipation and the Tories after Reform , discover the value of the right honourable Gentleman as an adjuster of their social grievances , —the only man in whom the monied interests can have

      confidence , the only man , in the present state of _vepteseutatio-a , in whom Ireland appears to have confidence ; and the man who , next to Duncombe , possesses more of the confidence of the English working classes than any other individual who could aspire to the rank of parliamentary leader . As a matter of course the old aristocracy will strain every nerve to marshal their forces under Stanley in the Lordsj and , mayhap , Gladstone in thc Commons , if the pupil can be seduced fiom his master , but , come

      what will , Peel must cither form an alliance , offensive and defensive , with Russell and the freetraders , or be once more accepted as the unentrammclled chief of the LAND NOODLES . In the former event we should not be astonished to find Russell accepting Lords Aberdeen , Lincoln , and Dalhousie , Gladstone , and Sidney Herbert , in exchange for Lords Palmerston and Grey , Sir George Grey , Labouchere and Charles Wood ; Peel going to Ireland as Lord _Lieutenant , with Lincoln or Gladstone as his Secretary . . '

      As one of these results must take place , we show the Chartists the advantage , * nay , the absolute necessity _. of being prepared with a sufficient amount of parliamentary strength to take part in the struggle , and to be prepar ed for events , and , therefore , once more we call upon them to use their every _influensc to strengthen the hands of Duncombe inside , and to prepare for the national representation of the unrepresented mind , by enabling * us once more to parade the will of millions through the streets of the

      metropolis , through the smashed doors of the Senate House , and to its very table ; a remonstrance which tyranny for a little longer may resist , but to which in the end authority must bend its proud neck . From all we learn we confidently anticipate that our next National Petition will outnumber the former by at least ONE MILLION , and we cannot withhold our thanks and praise from those who are working so energetically in the good cause .

      A Yeomanry For The Nineteenth Century. "...

      A YEOMANRY FOR THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . " In the merry old times of our ' ancestors , " before Adam Smith and Arthur Young had _innoculated the nation with a love of political economy and large farms , the value and importance of attaching a large proportion of the population to the soil by the ties of p roprieto r shi p , was pretty generally understood . But _iticrwe of wealth unfortunately became confounded , under the new teaching , with _increase oi well-being . In studying the science of growing rapidly rich , the more important branch of knowledge ,

      that of promoting domestic happiness , and a spirit of pecuniary as well as patriotic independence , was forgotten . Small properties were absorbed into large ones , and their former owners degraded from the substantial position of proprietory occupiers into the serfs of wages . The independent weaver or clothier of ihe old " domestic system , " alternately employed in manufactures and agriculture , was , in the hopeless contest with machinery and steam , driven from his comfortable homestead into the large towns , and transformed into the wage-paid slave of the factory . A social revolution of an important character was effected by the new agencies , both in the town and country population .

      that the change has added to our productive powers is undoubted . The old Arabian talcs , whose marvels fired our imaginations during boyhood , fade into insignificance beside the wonders of the mill , the machine-shop , the laboratory , the railway , and the electric telegraph . We have multiplied material wealth : hut has the morality , the contentment , and the independence of the great bulk of the people kept pace with it ?

      The hundreds of pounds now weekly pouring into the exchequer of the Chartist Land Company is the best , because the most practical , answer to the question . Men are heart-weary of the system of splendid slavery under which modern Political Economy and misdirected machinery has placed them . From its feverish excitements , unwholesome excesses , and wide-spread misery , they look fondly backwards to the time when a less rich , but more virtuous

      independent , and happy people , by honest labour on their own- little plot of ground , earned a living , amid purer and better influences than tho * e which now poison the moral atmosphere . Their hearts yearn within them to get back to kind mother Nature again . The manufacturing and commercial system is discovered to be rotten and _unsubstantial , though brilliant and exciting , and after a brief divorcement from a natural and a healthy system , the _peopla are evidently returning to the point from which they set out

      BACK TO THE LAND AGAIN . The excellent articles in the Morning Chronicle , in which the reclamation and settling of the waste lands of Ireland by a proprietary peasantry ; have been so powerfully and so practically urged , do not stop short with the specific improvement of the pauperised people of the sister country . The facts and reasonings adduced by our contemporary inevitably lead to wider inferences and a broader field of action . In a recent article upou this subject , the rccommendalions of a Commission of Enquiry into the condition of the Irish poor in 1836 , presided

      over by Archbishop _Whatelyi an : made the basis of some admirable observations . That report recommends an interference withlanded property in Ireland for the purpose of improvement , quite as large in principle as any that the Northern Star or the Chronicle has suggested . It was proposed that a Board should be appointed , with compulsory powers of drainage and other improvements , upon the principle that they should be made at tlie e . v } iense of the properly improved . The Commission advised , that the proposed " Board of Improvement" should be

      authorized from time to time , ' to make a survev , valuation aud partition , of any waste lands iu Ireland , '' though the idea docs not seem to have occurred to them of _malcil g these lands instrumental to effecting a beneficial change in the present pernicious system of Irish tenancy . But while not going this length , the evidence they adduce as to the great benefit which would arise from the exteusion of industry over this hitherto negleeted source of employment , affords , indirectly , the strongest encouragement to reclaim these wastes by the labours of those who areto become their proprietors .

      A Yeomanry For The Nineteenth Century. "...

      * ' Upon these lands ( Mr . Arthur ' YbuMd observed nearly sixty-years ago ) _isto'be practised the most profitable husbandry in the / King ' s dominions ' , the _CommigBiflners appointed to ; Inquire into the state ot the bojrs of Ireland , in 1809 , reporled . to the like effect ; and _committer after committee of the House of Commons have doiie tho ' same thing . " From the report of one of these committees ' , that of 1830 , this Commissioners make extracts , of which thc

      followinjE- are a part : — " There arc three millions of Irish acres of waste land , equal to five millions of English acres , which are considered to be almost all reclaimable ...... Itis in evidence that , b y an expense of somewhat about £ 7 ari acre , land in the county ol Sli _>; o has been reclaimed , and rendered worth a rent of 30 . . ; or , if preserved in the hands oftlie proprietor , that it is made eapable of repaying all expenses by three years' produce , leaving all subsequent returns clear again .

      The report last cited contains a passage from which it might almost be inferred , that a glimmering of the desirableness of giving to the occupiers of the soil some greater hold upon it than that of cottiers or conacre-men , had dawned upon a committee of the House of Commons as early as 1830 . " If this work , said the committee . " can be accomplished not only would it afford a transitory but a permanent demand for productive _lanauri accompanied by a corresponding rise of wages and improvement in the condition ofthe poor ; opportunities would also be afforded for the settlement oftlie

      peasantry , now superabundant in particular districts , on waste lands which at present scarcely produce the means of sustenance , or are suited for human habitations . This change would be alike advantageous to the lands from whence the scttleis are taken , and to those on which they may hereafter be fixed , and may facilitate thc means of introducing a comfortable yeomanry and an improved agriculture in the more fertile districts . The severe ' pressure ofthe system of clearing farms , and _ejectin-r sub-tenants may thus be mitigated , and the general state of the peasantry improved . "

      A Yeomanry ! that was the old English appellation for a peasant proprietary , or , at least , for farmers who held their land on fixed conditions , and w ho could n ot be dispossessed , ( by custom if not by law , ) as long as these conditions were fulfilled . The yeomanry of England were , however , as a general feature of English life , blotted out of the country at an early period , and an agricultural system , very different and by no means so favourable either to the physical comfort or the independence and dignity of the cultivators ofthe soil , succeeded it . In one corner of England , however , there still exists a veoraanry in the antique sense ; a race of

      peasant farmers who own the land they till , paying nothing for it , except some customary dues to the l ord of the manor . They occupy a considerable portion of Westmoreland and Cumberland , and are known by the local name of Estatesmen or Statesmen . It was amongst this class ; not the care-worn , down-trampled agricultural serfs of England , that Wordsworth found the originals of the peasantry delineated in his poems . In his description of the scenery of the lakes , that poet describes the state of society which existed for centuries in the upper part of the dales as

      " a perfect republic of shepherds and agriculturists , proprietors , for the most part , of the lands which they occupied and cultivrted . . . . Among whom the plough of each man was confined to the maintenance of his . own famil y , or to the occasional accommodation of hia neighbour . Two or three cows furnished each family with milk and cheese . The chapel was tbe only edifice tbat presided over these dwellings , the supreme head of this pure commonw-alth ; the members of which existed in the midst of a powerful empire , like an ideal society , or an organised community , whose constitution had been imposed and regulated by the mountains which

      protected it . Neither high-born-nobleman , knight , nor ef quire was here ; but many of these humble sons of the hills had a consciousness that the land which they walked over and tilled had for more than five hundred years been possessed by men of their name and blood . . . . Corn was grown in these vales sufficient upon each estate to furnish bread for each family , no more . The storms nnd moisture oi the climate induced them to sprinkle their upland pronprty with outhouses of native stone , as places of

      shelter for their sheep , where , in tempestuous w . ather _, food was distributed to them . Every family span from its own flock the wool with which it was clothed ; a weaver was here and there found among them , and the rest of their wants was supplied by the produce of the yarn , which they carded and spun in their own houses , and carried to market either under their arms , or more frequently on pack-horses , a small train taking their way weekly down the valley , or over the mountains , to the _nvst commodious town . "

      " Notwithstanding , says the Chronicle , " thc change * in the economy of modern society , from the pi ogress of commerce and manufacture ? , the more migratory habits produced by improved modes of communication , and especially the _encroachmeKte of the great landholders ,, who have long seized every opportunity which accidentally offered of enlarging their domains by buying up the little estates , a considerable number of these happy and independent peasant-proprietors still exist ; and if an example is wanted of the admirable results of a state of agriculr tural economy in which the occupation of land and the property of it are vested inthe same hands , all that we have seen , heard , or read of _ihes _** people unites to assure us that the Statesmen , of the Cumberland valleys are such an exainple . "

      Hereis testimony from high and unexceptionable sources as to the moral benefits which a return , as far as changed circumstances will permit , to the old system of proprietary occupatiin would produce . But it is not only in a moral and domestic aspect that the subject recommends itself . The example of France , since the revolution , can be adduced as formings triumphant refutation of all the economical predictions which a dwindling section of English economists once indulged in as to the effects of this territorial division . Time has made sport of the dismal forcwamings which , some twenty years ago , used to be beard from this side of the Channel , respecting the destination of France to become a " pauper warren . " Within that period , says the Chronicle : —

      " France has entered into the most brilliant career of prosperity yet known in her industrial history . Every authentic statistical account of the condition of her ' _ndus-cry and of her people has shown , and continues to ahow , tbat within that nerisd the state of her rural population , _whoarefourriftliK ofthe whole , has improved in every particular ; that they are better housed , better clothed , better and more abundantly fed ; that their agriculture has improved in quality ; that a' ] the productions ofthe soil have multiplied beyond precedent ; that the wealth of the country has advanced , and advances with increa-ingrapidity , and the population with increasing slowness . We challenge investigation of these facts , and throw down the gauntlet to all gainaayers . "

      Jersey and Guernsey may also be quoted as examples . The surface of these islands is parcelled out into a great number of small properties , most of wbich are cultivated by their owners , and acre for are tbey produce more wealth than any other land in the world . Every one who has seen them has spoken in the highest terms of the industry of the people , its bountiful reward , and the garden-like beauty created by their labours . In such countries ifis needless to add , pauperism is almost , if not entirely , unknown , ' and the squalid destitution , with the consequent vices which emanate from a monopoly of land in the hands ofa few , are not to be found .

      In the face of these facts and the palpable failure , both in this respect , and the results predicted from the extension of Free Trade principles in the commercial syetem , it is high time thc chattering magpies , who have so long dinned the world with empty noise , should be silent . They have had their day and their say . They must now retire and give up the task of advising and governing , to wise , thoughtful , practical men , whose heads are free from crotchets and whose hearts are made of such " penetrable stuff" that they will not sacrifice humanitv to

      a theory . The state of Ireland demands our first attention , There , a permanent remedy must be immediately introduced . But we will not sto > i there . In England the yeomanry system has already been iutroduccil . The foundation has been laid at O'Connorville , and wit h true hearts and clear heads shall extend ' frbra tUcnce over the country imtill it shall be peopled everywhere by a « ' bold peasantry" of whom it may , with justice , be proud . The yeomanry , of the nineteenth century , will , however , possess many advantages which their prototypes did not . To the antique indepeudance of _tlisir

      A Yeomanry For The Nineteenth Century. "...

      class , they will be able _to'a-id the facilities and _joyments which modern science has placed at th * command . V Ri g htly directed ; these will enable th * " to . produce sufficient for a temperate and health existence _, by , comparatively light toil , and the tnu ] J plication of cheap literature , _as _* * well as the who ] " tendencies of the ' age , will supply the means » l stimulate the taste for mental developement and pt ¦¦

      erase ; - _.- . . ; : < - > In whatever light this subject is viewed , it ' will be found synonymous with . national well-beimr . _^ . means of creating greater agricultural wealth , more food for man and beast , it is confessedl y superior to the large farm system . The creation of a large body of proprietary occupiers , or perpetual W * _

      holders , would spread a spirit of independence and patriotism , which can never exist where the great mass of the people are aliens on their native land . Education , in the best sense , would become universal , because leisure and healthy influences would co-exist , and the physical , mental and moral faculties of man would thus be cultivated and exercised in harmonv .

      Let us , then , spread the cry everywhere for THE CHARTER AND THE LAND »

      Poland. The Revolution Of 1830-31. " Oh!...

      POLAND . THE REVOLUTION OF 1830-31 . " Oh ! where ' s the slave so lowly , Condemn , d to chains unholy "Who , eould he burst His bonds at fir 6 t , _Would pine beneath them slowly !" To-morrow , November the 29 th , is the sixteenth anniversary of the commencement of that memorable and glorious , but unfortunate struggle , whereby the Poles vainly essayed to break their chains . That failure was caused by no lack of courage and selfsacrifice on tbe part of the Polish combatants , as many a gloriously-contested field testified . Grocow ' s bloody field presented on the 5 th of February ' 31

      a sight such as Europe had not seen since Waterloo . Fifty thousand Poles , with one hundred pieces of cannon , triumphantly withstood the onslaught of one hundred and eighty . two thousand Russians ( hovse and foot ) , supported by three hundred and twelve pieces of cannon . The carnage rivalled , if it did not exceed , that at Waterloo . Ten thousan d Polos fell a bleeding sacrifice in the cause of liberty and their unhappy country ; but their fall was fear . fully avenged by the destruction of their enemies ; a whole regiment of Russian " Invincibles" were totally annihilated , and in all thirty thousand Russians were left sleeping in their gore . If Marathon is a '' magic word" to conjure up

      The fl y ing _Medu , his _shaftless , broken bow ; The fiery Greek , his red pursuing spear ; Grocow will not be the less regarded by posterity as a name re-calling one of the most glorious efforts ever made by a people in defence of liberty , perhaps the more sacred because—at least for a time—made

      in vain . But although "the crosser of the Balkan" had been foiled within sight of his prey , vain for Poland was tbe dear-bought victory of her noble sons . The victories of the warriors were neutralised by the cowardice and blunders , if not absolute treachery , of those who ruled in the Cabinet and the Senate . Alas ) that nations should repose trust in princely and aristocratical waverers . Woe to a people led by " moderate" men ; so true it is that " those who make but half-revo ' utions only dig graves for themselves . " Had the Polish nation throughout all its ranks been appealed to ; had the masses been

      summoned io take part m the struggle , accompanied by the assurance that the fruits of independence would include their veritable freedom , had the war been carried beyond the frontiers of "Russian Poland , " and the entire Polish people been roused to arms against their tyrants , results very different to those we have to mourn over might have been secured . Grocow ' s fight would not have been in vain .

      But Polish princes and aristocrats were not the onl y parties to blame . France , who by her example had done much to excite the revolution , refused that aid which Poland had a right to expect , not only because France had assumed the directorship of European regeneration , but also because Poland ' s sens had poured out their blood like water in the cause of France , and in defence of French interests . We acquit the French people of blame ; we curse

      not them but their traitor-king , and the gang of villains who , with him , had climbed the heights of power from the barricades of a popular revolution , These hypocrites , on the one hand pvo .. _* _iissd succour to the Poles which they never afforded to them , and on the other hand Louis-Philippe himself assured the Parisian National Guards that the Poles had triumphed , though at ( hat moment the old Janusfaced miscreant well knew that Warsaw had fallen .

      When the truth could no longer be concealed , when all the world knew that all was lost , then Sehastiani announced with fiendish coolness that _*** order reigned in Warsaw ! " Yes , the "' order" of victorious barbarism over fallen freedom—of triumphant butchers over prostrate men , women , and children . The fiends of hell might have pitied the victims of tho " order" established by the conquerors of Warsaw .

      But treason to the cause of liberty was not monopolised by French traitors ; there were English traitors also . Tbis country has long been ' vaunted of as the guardian of liberty , the protector of nations . " To aid the threatened rights of man and break oppression ' s chain , " we have been assured by national glorifiers has been and is the mission of England ; but behold how different are the facts . When the first partition of Poland took place , England passively looked on and permitted the spoliation without one word of remonstrance . When the subsequent . partition of 1793 took place , the

      English government was in sworn alliance with the three royal brigands of Russia , Austria , and Prussia leagued against Frauce . While pretending a holy horror at the " crimes" of the French revolutionists , and making these the pretext for committing this country to a bloody and ruinously expensive war , the English government was associated with royal ruffians , who dealt wholesale in robberry and murder . More than this ; in 1794 , the English government gave to Frederick , King of Prussia , the sum of

      £ 2 , 200 , 000 as a bribe to assist the English in opposing the victorious French in the Netherlands . The villain took the money , but instead of marching to the aid of the English , he marched off to join the Russians to help them to check the conquering inarch of Ko 8 ciusco . With English money , the Prussian robber aided his Russian coufedeiate ( for but for that money he could not have moved his troops to the scene of action ) in crushing Kosciusco , aud thus both were enabled , in company with the Austrian despot , to effect the third partition of Poland . *

      We pass by for the present , the share England had in that fourth partition , known by the name of the treaty of "Vienna , that will form the subject cf after comment ; we come to the _gllevolution of 1 S 30 . That event saw the Whigs in power the liberal Whigs—the friends and patrons of French , _Belgian Spanish , and Portuguese liberalism . These exciters of revolutions for their own profit , these _puttorsdowu and setters-up of Peniusular monarchies , these roarers-for "' civil and religious'liberty all over the world , " these WHIGS ( that name includes all that is base aud infamous ) coldly repelled the national voice , which demanded interference ¦ iu behalf of the Poles .

      But not only did lhcy refuse assistance to the Poles , they rivalled the infamous government of 1794 , by giving direct aid to the Russian autocrat—aid of the most efficient character—monetary aid . Let our * See " Hampden '; - Aristocracy * of England . "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_28111846/page/4/