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AraiL 29, 1848. .. TM-'NORTHERN-&TAR. • ...
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THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. THE LITE AL1BH3. It...
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asanttttiptsu
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(From the Gazette of Tuesday, April 25.)...
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Tom Steele— At the Bow Btreet Police Cou...
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GREAT CHARTIST DEMONSTRATION ON SIURCOAT...
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* This calculation forms part of the ori...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Arail 29, 1848. .. Tm-'Northern-&Tar. • ...
AraiL 29 , 1848 . .. TM- 'NORTHERN- & TAR . _____ L-
The French Republic. The Lite Al1bh3. It...
THE FRENCH REPUBLIC . THE LITE AL 1 _BH 3 . It is now evident thst thc late alarms were got up for _tbefturpose of exciting popular prejudice and odium _against the extreme Republ _i cans and Com munists- No attempt was made on the Hotel de Ville—no attack upon guard houses—no attack upon the Treasury or banks . Caber , was not at thc head of his _Icarian _* , meuacing the provisional government , nor was Bhr _. qii at the head of an armed body of cscgpiratcr ? . The whole affair was a' dodge , ' go : np by the intriguers at the head of the reactionary _Iwrgeoisie .
THS P . KACTI 0 KI 5 T 5 AKD COMHDKIS 73 . M . Sobrier ( ex delegate of the I _' _oltce ) has published In the _Ommsxe _ds Pari ? , a sort of prorlamation to what he calls'la Rerclion . ' In it he _dec _' _ares that lie does not fear the Comraun ; st « , but the Reactionists , asd lie warns the laittr , that * to destroy their icso ' ent _aggression , if ever it sbou'd dare to display _ikelfjn _optn day , 'there are three hundred thousand man ready to fight to the last easp . ' He says that the Reactionists who cried _Duwn with the Communists , ' are ready to cry , ' D _iwn with the _Repubiieana ! * He thon proceeds to address himself as follows to the Communists : —
Scciety , sHch as it at present exists , contains immense rices— we have said that , _wcr-peat it , and we shall rep eat it uvtil We shall be listened zol As ssueh _es any one we are socialists , butwo do not desire Tiolcnt shocks , fcec 2 us _2 thsy hsre n _« Ter produce * _aDythinjr . We wiil com bat the attempts which , under the pretext of giving ns w elfare , woald drag society into a frightful struggle , in to a series of anful cal « mitieF j 0 f _unheard-ef disasters , of misery , of general famine . To proceed with order , by sncce _= _« iva _ameliorations , to place eTrry one in a _position to _er . jnj iis _*"' _-gb '«« , t > . cive every one his portion of welfare , an _^ his place in the tun—such ia the object of tho _repablic . To _orginiso labour by association is the means—it is tha _desiro of the one hnndred thousand workmen wbo went to the Hotel de Title on
_SuRdey . Association well understood , wonld _incrtase tenfold tha riches of Irenes . _Djuotlistenlothosswho fell yoH , ' Oar dectrine is in the G . spe * , ' Yes ; tbe first Christians wtr < j _Communists , but « _rhy ? Because they desired no _posEessi . a here below , because they _ensidered the earth ss a plans of exile , which ihey were anxious to leave , and on which they ceuld only buil-1 a tent for a day . Ara these the sentiments which animate eea at prssent ! If jou persist in jour ideas , why do _yemnotgowberajou can easily put laetn in practice ? "What succeis do ysu tops for * Hew many are you t Scarcely some thousand " , and yet yeu preten 4 to _sutj-ct Si 000 , 060 of _mr-nto the yoke of jour doctrines ? But there is cot a proprietor of s little field , however small it
may be , who would not _ru'h to arms oa the first signal , even if _yonofft-rbd him the mines of Peru in compensation . Yon would ba _attacking a wall of bayonetc . If _youKtre threatened we sbould bs thefirstto rush ioy « _or assistance , although we do not share jour _opinions , bat we have friends _amonp you . _Leav ,- France , and found towns and _colonies where you can live freely _un-jtr the system you har » drramed . You will _iucrerse Ihegloo of the mother country , wh'ch you will have deprived of your hearts _* nd your arms . Algeria is thtre , _immense _uncfiltivsled _, uninhabited , _awaitis ? the hand of man . But in the name of 6 m < . do not call terrible _cxtremitiis on yourselves ! _Esptchll y distrust _mischief-mskirs . reactionists , aad intriguers , _ttho turn to account every idea , and profit by every n ; ovement
THE CIXBS . _ The _Mositecr of Thursday contained a jsroclsma tion by the prr . visional government , of which we subjoin tke substance . Tha republic lives by liberty 6 nd discussion . Tbe clubs are for the republic a _aecessit _)—for the c _' . tizeBs a right . The _governtntnt is pleased to see citizens assemble to discuss tbe highest quesiions of politics . Tbe _goveraisent protects the clubs . But that liberty may have i * s fruits , beware of giving cause ef alarm , remember tbat alarm gives rise to contra revolutionary reactioa . If free discussion be a right , 6 ifcu _< sion with aims in onr hands is a _danger , it msy become an oppression . If the _iibsrry of the clubs is ons of the most inviolable con _qussts of the revolution , armed clubs may compromise that liberty _rxcite the worst pas _= _ions , and bring about civil war .
It _tacn interdicts the clubs from being armed during tlieir _de"i _* tcratiens . MANIFESTO OF TIIE SECRET _SOCIETIES CF PARIS . The _following manifesto was stuck over the whole of Paris on Wednesday : — Republicans—The organisation of onr secret societies dates froa 1 SI 5 . Oct o ' _rjett _thtn wes to overthrow en odious power- we were _nndrisg ; is toe pursuit of thst end . _Persecunoss , exile , imprisonment , tbe scaffold , _initcad o d ! = <; our _75 ' n « _cs _, only incros .-ed our _eni-rpy . _Birtcp , _Bories , Yalta , Cir _; m , those glori _.-us martyrs , sealed their devotion t- the holy caute of L-herty Kith
their bloo ' . Cur m- ' ef _. _tigable _perseverance _tfftctcd the triamph cf 1 S 30 . But the people did mt brow how to turn the victory to sccount , The bourgeoisie re-estab _lifhei the throKp . We were therefore compelled to resume our _labours . This _tiae we had a twofold mission to fulfil—the _estsb'ishmeut of a republican form ef _government and the foundation sf a new _sociol order . On the 24 th February we _? a : nrd tbe republic ; tfee political question is solved . _Tfhat we cow seek is tho solution of the social _question—i ; is a speedy relief for tho _sufferines oi thi htsu ' r _' _ne glasses—it ii , in short , tho appiicition of tbe principles contained in oar declaration of the rights of man .
DECLAEATIOK OF 5 IGHTS . The e _' pj ct of our _society is the maintenance of the natural unlimited _rights of men ; in othrr words , the _reaiisatioa o ! tho republican formula— ' Liberty , Equality , Fraternity . ' The first right of mas is the right of existence . This right implies another , namely , the perfect developement and unshackled ex rcise of the physical , moral , and _intellectujl faculties of man : it is this right which constitutes liberty . Liberty _j s equal to al ! men . The _nstural cods quence of this liberly is the right of _association ; of manifesting onr philosophical , political , snd _religious opinions . labour is oae of the conditions ot the life of man . _Stciety is bound to prsvide workfor each of its members , and the means of existence to those who are incspable of workfng _. No poor under the republic .
Agriculture and industry , those two great sources of the welfare of nations , are deserving ef all the solicitude of tbe state . Under property we understand the individual er collective right of _malting use of what we possess . This right is snb : r . iinate to the interests of society , and must be regulated by law . The _revenue arising from propsrty , as well as the pr _« - duce oi labour , are subject to taxation . Taxation should be pradual ; that is to say , in proportion to the escess of competency , and should never touch tha indispensable . Physics ! , coral , mA _icfe'lectnal education is due by _soeiality to all its members . No man may he deprived of the blessings of public edncatioa .
_lastrnetivn _shoul-- * te open _gratuitously to all . Xaw is the expression of _social relationship . The will of the people can _aione establish and maintain it . Justice is the _gaardidn of tbe laws , rights , snd duties . _Ji _. _tice should bs open to all , and rendered by the elect of tiep ople . The only _sovereign is the people . _SorerdgHfy is indivisible ana unalienable . The goi eminent can only exist and exercise its power in virice of the dtl ; gatUa of the people . Every _citizen ii elector—every ciiiztn _eligible . Every _citiz . n is admit ' . ible to public offices _. The tinny is the people or _^ Eised for the defence of their rights and their territory . It consists of all citizens capable of bearing arms . Al' . m ; n are _brothers . Fraternity is the moral link between nations ; it _establishes common interests between them .
Every government that violates the eternal principles of _Equality , Liberty , and Fraternity , is ths enemy ofthe people . To pat it down is the most holy of duties . To the work , then , brethren ! The world beholds ns . Oars bs the task to assure the present , end lay a foundation for the future . Let us ¦ uni te . Let us close our ranks for the electoral struggle wbich is _preparing . L ; t ns not forget that those who are not fur us are against ns ; no transactions arc possible _between tbe supporters of _privileges , disguised today as _Kepus'icsns , and the fervent apostles of democracy . Oar ta _^ k is immense . It is not France _alose that looks to us for salvation ! Let our aspirations spread beyond the limits of our _country . All nations are brothers , and let each of them share our ideas of regeneration .
In the name of our brothers , we , members of the late Secret Societies . _Rousse ! ( Prosper ) , _Marchand , Dorgal , _Boivin , Arago ( Etienne } , Led ' . nx ( Joseph ) , _L-. _roux , Juin _, Desmoulin , Albert , Montraahon _, _Caugsidicre , Baland , Flocon ( Ferdinand ) , Grsm menil _, _L'Heritier ( de l'Ain ) , Foix , _DagrespreZ _j _Lechallier , Volrnier ( Victor ) , _Galland , Pernio , Yilin , Yeinante , _Cahaigne , JourJsn , Beehet , _Ditumegard , Bernard , _Palmqae , _Gillois , Rocher , _Cosnier , Diicondray . Filfteg , Payol . _' e , _Somerat , _IKssaiijne , Desmaisons , Barbier , _Dstis , Baler , Boileau , Z _iramsretti , Laugelot _, L : motte , 2 Iandrieri . > , < tc .
The Revce Rlteosp £ CT 1 _te contains in its third number a letter from Lady Fanny Russell , dated Wimbledon , September 1 , 1 S 1 G addressed to ex"Minister Guizot , _asking for a ; place for the husband of a woman , who had _bs ? n 'her ladyship's' femme de cJiamlrc . It appears that the application was responded to by finding or making the place solicited .
THE FET £ OP FRATERNITY . Thursday , April 20 : e being the day appointed for ihe grand national _fesi ' iTal of fraternity , towards _fiight o ' clock the line of the Boulevards presented a spectacle of great _animation . The legions of the _frifantry of the _natioml _jicard were seen marching to take up the positions resp = ctively assigned to them between the Bastille and the MadeleiEe . The cavalrj of the same civic troops also moved in squadrons in _diffe-ent directions . From time to time a * Bgi * aent ofthe line marched along the centre of the _Sonleyards headed by its band playing tie national
The French Republic. The Lite Al1bh3. It...
airs . This was invariably the signa , ! for enthusiastic cbeering frora the natienal guards on either tide , wlruh was duly responded to and acknowledged by the regular troops . The gnard mobile , not jet provided with uniform , and therefore presenting a singular appearance ofa body of srmed operatives , _appeared from tirae to time . Cheers were likewise ittefcharjeed between theBe and tho national guards ami _recutar troops respectively . Towards ten o ' elock the entire line of the Boulevards , the Place de la Concorde , and the Champs _Ehi-ees presented such a spectacle as lias bsen the
lot of few ever to have witnessed . The vast area ju > t mentioned , in its centre roadway , was literally filled with * rmed men . Tne national guard exhibited the _strangest motley appearance ; not above halt their _numher in uniform—some wore blonses , others coats , cloaks , and _vestnenti of every variety of fashion and _eoloar , The _strangest confusion of classes was also observable . _Individual , who from their _barring and costum- belonged evidently to tbe more _tffluent classes were seen bearing muskets beside men in blouses , _portgr ? , me _& engers , nnd guards in uniform . In some cases the more provident of the guards had a loaf stuck upon their bavonets .
In addition to the _iratnem-e mass © farmed men thus occupying the B _ukvard 3 . ' . there were two other elements in thh ) fete which mutt not be omittedone , the immense crowd of _j . ers' _.-ns t hat thronged tbe foot pavement , more thaivoce-haif of whom were women , and the other the vast _nurabsr who filled the windows , _locking on what passed below . The weather was very unfavourable . The rain commenced pouring down early in thc _niuht , and continued almost without interruption till a late hour in th * morning . In the afternoon , however , itcleared up , with occasional g limpses of sunshine , too late , however , to remedy the dirty state of the streets , which in some quarters were actually covertd with liquid mud . But what can damp tbe passion of the French people for military _spectacler-, or their ardour for pleasure ?
At the Barriere de _l'Etoile great preparations had been made ; in front of the arch a spacious platform had been erected , tip to which ran a broad fli ght of _steris . and on either hand it was flanked by _li . _' _-ge tribunes . On this platform it was that the members of the government received the various commanding officers , and presented to each his respective colours . The tribunes were filled by officers and gentlemen , and in ene of them a military band was placed which enlivened the hearets by _occaiiinally discoursing sweet music . Behind , and _towerisg high , above tbis p ' atforro , was another tribune covered over , and _placed immediately underneath the Arch of Triumph ; this was specially reserved for ladies , who were thus fortunately sheltered from the rain .
_Shortly after nine o ' cl ck tbe members of the Provisional Government arrived in private carriages _^ and escorted by cavalry , A salute of twenty-one _uuns announced their arrival and the commencement of the / etc . The whole of the members ofthe government were present- Dupont ( de l'Eure ) their venerable president ; Lamartme , withhi * 8 noble countenance and gallant bearing ; Ledru-Rollin . a _manof determined aspect and energy ; Louis Blanc , with his brilliant eye , and the other notabilities . Shouts of' Vive la Republique , ' * Vive le Gnuverncmont _ProvSsoire , ' welcomed their coming , and the waving of handkerchief * and raising of hats added spirit to tbe scene . In front of the _platform a crowd of staff _officers and the different co !< _nsls and chefs de batail Ion hsd assembled . Each of those destined to
receivta banner m * _unted the steps of the platform , and was presented by some members of the government with the colours of his regiment , —colours that he wss to defend with his life , and guard as his honour ! After receiving these , each in turn retired and proceeded , attended by his orderlies and escort , to join his regiment wherever that roicht be . During the _procre-.-s of this ceremony minute cues were constantly fired . As you hoked down the avenue oi the Champs _Elysees from the _Bsrriere de 1 _'Eto'le to the garden of the Tuileries ., the whole was one mass of _bayonets ; asd not only there , bnt the Roulevards , the Quays—there were miles of bayonets that day in Paris ; and h « d the day beon bnt fine , _howcharmirg a sight would it not have bem ? As it was , the spectacle was more grand , more imposing , than _basutiful .
When the colours had been presented , the different columns _began to move up , their , drum * beating and bands playing , and _notwithstanding tbe dr _' _zz'ins rain tbat fell , tho men sung _sloutly the various republican airs . As each came uo . tb « _-y _siluted the government as they passed , and filing _rour-d the Arch of Triumph , returned either by the Faubourg St Ilnnore , or along the Champs Elysees , prore diig by tbe _Boulevards throughout the town . Att ilery . parr . lry , National Guards , _troips of the line . Gardes ifoliles , Garde RepuHicaine . ( a body rorre-pondipg
with the late Municipal Guards , } _mFrcned up , co lutnn after co ' umn , legion after _Jet-irn . till _reail y it became perfectly _bewildering t > look upon them . Having Ion ? ago forgotten the beginning r . f the pw ce £ _sion . you found it _irspnssib _' e to conceive where it was to end ; , and to an _Englishman , nothing could be ra 9 re utterly astonishing than to _witness I _undress of thousands of armed men turn out as they did _to-div , ( and that on a wet day , ) ' all f » r the love of the thing , I am confident I am n ?> t _exasperating when I say that there were nearly 300 , 000 present on this _occa-ion .
The _fal ' . _owins is the speech made by M . Araco . tbe minister of war , to the _colore _' s of the regiments assembled t > receive tbe _colonrs : — Colonels ofthe Kational Guard and tha Army—The pro is : onal government is about to confide these colours to your honour , and to ths honour ' of the citiz ' -nR and soldiers whom jou command . Let tbesa Republican colours , of which _histoty consecrates the glorionB remembrance , recall at all times to your eyes the living image of free aad regenerated France . Let our hearts be penetrated _with the holy device of tbe Republic , henceforth become the immertal faith ofthe country . If that country have need <> f yonr arms let this flag
_sirveasa guide to your courage . Let it be , in the midst rf peace , a _symbol of discipline and o-drr , a signal of ralljingfor the defence of those ( treat principles , which tbe _Revolution bas proclaimed , and nhich tbe Republic will revive . C : t " s :-n soldiers , all children of tha people , equally _dtar to tba people , carry with pride tbat emblem of the strength and of the grandeur of the armed people . It is for tbe Republic a pkdg * of union and of powerfor all free people a guarantee of _alliance and friendship — and for _ihs people who are yet oppressed a hope of being liberated . Colonels , in the name ofthe Republic , we tske God and men to witness that you swear fidelity to its flap . '
The colonels , lifting their swords , replied , ' We swear ifc 1 Vive la P _^ publique ! ' The first of tho _c-lours was then distributed by M . Dupont ( de l'Eurp , ) and the ethers by the other members ofthe provisional _government each making a _Bhort address in delivering thc _colours . Thefcie must have been a very fatiguing ceremony to the members ofthe _provisional government . They took their places on the _platform at the Barriere da l'Etoile at eight in the morning , and the _defilins of lha last of the National Guards before them wa 3 not over till a quarter past ten o'clock at night . The Monitetjr , in the offioial account , says : — It is calculated tbat at least 400 , 000 armed men defiled before the provisional government , Never did so powerful an army disp ay its rants in so narrow a spice in . short time , and with such calm . Never did the _Cibinet of a cre . it pecplo make a manifestation so colossal
or so reassuring . In the evening Paris was brilliantly illuminated . LOUIS PEILIPPE ' S _PROPERir . The Reforms gires the following details ofthe ex-king , Louis Philippe : — The property at the disposal of Louis Philippe , in his _tEJle , is not near so considerable as is _imsfiued . It it quite true that in 1830 and 1831 he placed , almost daily , _consideraole sums in the Eaglish and _American funds , bat _sisscISSl , convinced that his dynasty was secure , he drew out a part of these to place them in France . The _eT-king haB left more _thsu 30 , 000 , 000 of debt . The observation of M . _Dufjn , _rthich seemed a jest , 'I havo no doub : the civil list is poor , it is always making purchases , ' is , however , a truth . Louis Philippe was always buying ,
ani always left a part of the price unpaid . Without this , it would be impossible to explain snch an enormous amount of debt . His _possessions are magnificent . After _deducting his debts his fortune may bo valued at 250 , 000 , 000 . It is well tnown tbat tbe woods of the private domain are well managed . All the other family possessions have been considerably improved since 1830 ; nevertheless , Louis Philippe has left his private affairs in ths greatest disorder . There never was a royal household so badly managed . It was tho same with that as with public affairs ; he meddled with everything , and got everything into confusion . He thought by that to shew his shrewdness and ability . Ue liked to see those employed by him _dissgreo ; he was iu the habit of saving , ' when the asses fijiht , the flour is safe in the
mill . In short , _ome ? to hu low cunning it was , that the measures of the 2 i ; h of Febraary , deprived of all unity aud control , were worse than u _^ eleas . Louis Philippe was in debt everywhere ; he pai 4 no one if he eould avoid it . His tradesmen were always making applications . He owed the person nho supplied hiia with vegetables and fruit 95 , 000 franc * , and tis baker at Neuilly 25 , 000 francs . Na man ever had such a mania for _laying Dp household stores , —always buying without limit and without judgment . In his cellar at Neuilly there were 75 . 000 bottlc-s , containing 150 kinds of wine , and more than 1 , 200 caeks , all full ; and 24 , 000 wax candles , which served fo set fire fo end burn that
residence . The collection of bronzes of Villiers contained , in ' objets d'nrt , ' ' statuettes , ' clocks , ar . d bronzes , enough to furnish three _palacss ; they were heaped together without order , as they were bought without taste , although he pretended to 68 a connoisseur . At the Tuileries , at Eu Dreus , aad _Ferte-Vidame there were as many kitchen _utensila and saucepans as would have cooked a dinner for 8 n army . 'We are of the same opinion with a _perssn who knew Lauis _Pafl ' ppe well , _audhad frequent Of _pertunities of seeing snd observing him , who eaid , « That man is _eovetour , rapacious , but he is too much a spendthrift to be called a miser . ' The Turns of Tuesday Bays : — j Tf e believe tbat tbe reports of Comte do _NeuiUy ' _s
The French Republic. The Lite Al1bh3. It...
investments _horo are entirely nctitiouf . Hi lives at Claremont in a state of almost penury , denying himselt even those small luxuries which had become all but _nocessanes from long use to a man of his time of life ; even with the most rigid economy , however , it is sail that his income is still iusuffiolent for his maintenance , and that in a year or two , if ho survives so long , he will be completely destitute . It ean , however , scarcely ba the intention of the French government to sequestrate thiprivate property not onl ; of tbo e-x-Kinp , but of his whole family . The dowers of his sons' wives are said to be almost entirely invested in _French _fund . « , or in land in France , and whatever claim the nation msy haTO upon the royal estates , it can by no process that we aro aware of be extended to property thus , acqatrud _.
[ This is put forth as a 'feeler' by the ruffianly Timbs , preparatory to the government pensioning King Smith at the cost of the plundered people of thi * country . If the old blood-sucker is as poor as stated by tha Times , we rejoice at it , and should be glad to know that ho was reduced to _stone-breakiug or oakum-picking . If the French government is not traitorous to its duties , it will _cosliscate every sousworth of property nominally bslonging to the en site Orleans brood . Ia God ' s name let the relentless , bloody-minded enemies of the people , have , at least , a taste of the misery they have everywhere brought upon the _peopk-. _l
THE _ELECTIONS . The election of members to serve in the National Assembly _commencsd on Sunday . Even the correspondents of the Lundon papers are forced to admit the tranquillity , regularity , facility , and order with which the votes of the electors were tendered and received on tbat and the preceding day , were the theme not only of surprise , but of universal admiration . So remarltable was the absence of bustle on the occasion , that many persons supposed that very few _comparatively had taken advantage of their qualification to vote , but this was , we aro told , a mistake , for a much larger proportien of the _citizens of Paris had voted than had been anticipated . Some instances of irregularity are reported , but are evidently either untrue , or grossly magnified by the enemies of the republic . The correspondent of the Daily News _savs : —
I have mado a promenade round tho _moiries of the several _arrGndisements , which ore the polling booths for the . elections . Everything Is proceeding with thn _great _.-st ordtr , tnd in complete tranquillity , and presents a remarkable c & _ntrast with the scenes we have been accustomed to witness on like occasions in England , Tbe electors present _themtelves at a booth in tbe court of ihe mairie _. in which are seated the officers appointed to examine their qualifications , which are _attested upon the electoral cards wbich each voter presents . After this the voters are conducted to tho balloting room , where they deposit their respective lists , and depart by another door . AU this is conducted in _perfect silence .
Paris , Tuesday , —The ballot-boxes wete _closed at a late hour last night , and the elections for the National Assembly may now be said to be at an end . The _Moniteur of this morning eontains an order signed by the Mayor of Paris , to the effect that ' the general examination ofthe votes will take place on the 28 ch of April , at the Hotel de Ville of Paris . '
PROGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN REVOLUTION . GERMANY . AUSTRIA . —Thc following is the programme of the new constitution : — 1 _. All tho provinces are constituted into one body , with the exception of Hupgary , Croatia , Sclavonia , _Siebenberjjen , and , for the present , tho Italian provinces . 2 . The division of thc « mp ! ro shall remain as it exists at present . 3 . Thc pTson ofthe Emperer is sacred and Inviolable . 4 . Tbe Eraperor _Iscs full power OTi-r tbe land and sea forces , and the right of making war or peace . 5 Treaties cf ever ; description with foreign Powers can only be mado with tho sanction of tho Two Houses ef Parliament .
6 . The attribute of mercy snd the tight cf bestowing rewards belong tothe Emperor ; but mercy cannot b _« ex-ended to tho Ministers without tho sanction of the Parliament . 7 . The laws are to be administered publicly ' in open courts by verbal _pleadings , shd trial to be by jury , Tho judges will be appointed for life . 8 . All projects of laws are to be proposed as well as sanctioned by the Emptror . 9 . The _Enperor will assemble the Parliament annually , and he must call them together at stated _iaterviils . tie has the right to prorogue and dissolve tbem . 10 . Fri-edom of religion , spoech , the press , petition , r . nd public meeting io granted to every citizm , _Burject to futur _.- laws . 11 . Entire liberty of conscience and _religion . 12 . The free exercise of religious worship is accorded to al ! Christians and Jtwe .
13 . All _citizens nre equal in the eye of the ' _^ _law , and evfry citizen shall be tried by his peers , 14 . T : e re = pmsibility of the Ministers will be regulated by the Diet . 15 . The legislative power is in tho hands of the Emperorand the Di . t , 16 . Tws _Hcuses ef Parliament are to be constituted . The quaii 6 catioD 8 for members ofthe Upper House arc birth and large _hn-ied property ; and they are to be nominated by the Empsror . Members of tho Lower H' _< use are to be chosen from all classes , in order that every interest may bo represented . 17 . The two Houses havo the power to project laws and receive petitions . 18 All laws require thc sanction of both Houses , particularly those relating to tV . e expenditure , taxation , fi . nance and the sales of public property .
19 . A law will be framed for tbe organisation of the National Guard . The law of election is only provisional , and will be settled by tbe first parliament . Amendments of the constitution can only bs proposed by the Diet . PRUSSIA .-Trade in Berlin is in a deplorable state . Tbo King is more than ever distrusted by the people . Theyjeel no gratitude for concessions , for they know , or pretend , that they were torn from him st the eleventh hour .
THE REPUBLICANS OF BADEN . —Thc _German republicans , under _thectmmar . d of Ileeker and Stouve have suffered a defeat . Lieut-General Gagern undertook the command of the troops of Baden , and went to Schliengen , on the 10 : h , wben intelligence arrived that the _insureento had occupied Gandern . He personally _teconn _& itred it during the night , and on the 20 th , at four o ' clock in thc mornin _? . tho rcveil was beat . The troops were all en route for Gandern , which at five o ' clock was evacuated by the insurgents , who had tak .-n up their position near the city . As soon as the _general ' s troops entered the city _intel'igcnce was brought that the _ii-sui-genls desired to capitulate . The grand
duchy commissary was . about to repair to them , when ( hey asserted that they would negotiate with none but tbe general in command . General Gagern accordingly rede to the outposts , accompanied by only a few horsemen ; he exhorted the republicans to obey the voice of the law , and to renounce the civil war . They rcfu _; ed to listen to his terms . An altercation ensued , in which the _Genersl was shot ; tbe troops then furiously engaged in combat uiik the insurgents , who were forced to take _flif-ht , leaving a great number of dead upon the field . The troops pursued and encountered a second band of insurgents , commanded by Struve ; these they also attacked and completely routed .
Ileeker has made his escape to Bah , but Struve was taken on the 21 st , at the _village of Sackingen , a 3 he was about to pass the Rhino into Switzerland . The republican bands coct'nue to overrun the frontier portions of the grand duchy . A letter from _Schaffhausen state a that the _republicans are stationed all along the road between _Engec , Blombcrg , and _Stuhlimren . HANOVER . —An insurrection burst outat flildesheim . in this kingdom , but has been quelled . HUNGARY —Theexcitement against _theemployment of the Hungarian military in Italy has reached a great height at Pesth . At a Jarpe popular assembly at Pcsth . deputies from Poland and Italy were received with enthusiasm , and torch-light _processions were afterwards given in honour of them . About 400 Poles living in Pesth have returned home with considerable succours , for the purpose of taking part in the , re-conquest of Poland .
THE WAR IN ITALY . All the small forts which crown Peschiera have fallen into the power of the division of General Be * . _Peschiu-a i 3 not impregnable , but the width of the Mincio , which keeps the besiegers at a dUtancc , and the easy communications with tho Austrian Tyrol , augment the difficulties and length ofthe _£ iege For tbis reason Charles Albert , not to lose his time at this place whilo the Austrian _reinforcementsare in march for _Isonzi _, has resolved to turn the seige into a blockade , and to march to meet their reinforcements , so as to pieventa junction . Villafranca , which is _situalpd beyond tho Mincio , between Mantua , Peschiera , and Verrna _, as thc centre of the triangle , has b _.-en evacuated by the Austrians , who are encamped ac some distance from the town .
Charles Albert , by an ordonnance , has ordered his navy to adopt , the Italian _tri-colour flag , viz ., green , white , and red , with the shield of Savoy upon if . . APPEAL IO EUROPE . The following is the conclusion of the manifesto of the _govertmsnt of Milan to the nations of Europe . We should think ourselves unworthy the miracles that God has worked Id our favour—unworthy of the'devotioa that our _brothsra of all Italy afford us , if wa did not declare in tho face of tho world tbat we will never bend the neck to the yoke of the Austrian _governmtnt , and thot we will never enter into any compromise with it .
Even if we w ould , we could not . The Austrian government itself . has , by its former conduct , rendered it impossible . The massacres , the depredations , that its hordes have comitutted in heir retreat : our country
The French Republic. The Lite Al1bh3. It...
desokted by pillage and bra , » ur churches _profaufcd , our women _outraged , our _children murdered or burned alive , oil these horrors have opened a gulf of blood _between us nnd that government . W * _figlit in our own defence . It is a war of civilisation _agniast barbarism . We will proBecuti fearlessly this holy war , _determined to maintain it to the last exircmity , as men resolved on a great _enterpriso that thay will not and cannot abandon . We call on Europe—we demand its moral support for a work of justice _uni human * *; .. Th * _Austrian _governmaat redoubles its _efforis ; it excites _nuninst us the hate of its subjects to lead them te an _Impiaus aad crutl _itrapglo . Wo will fight , if It be _ueeetsary ; we do not fear ; we rely on victory , becauso tho _rlnht is on our side . Bat , for the honour of our time , for the honour ef civilisation , nnd in the namo of Christianity , is it not faarful that the ambition of a _povornment arms thus tbe u « . tions who have no cause of hotrod one _agalnat another i
It is for _Europs to enlighten this government , and to divert it from an undertaking in which it can but reap dssoUtion for its people and opprofrium _f-. r itself _. Nations of _Europe I we adjuro y _» u to receive us iato the European union , with the fraternal sentiment that now animates you . By tho _unheard of ills that _ws have suffered , by the terribla fights lhat wo have sustained , bythe victory whioh God has _vouohsafad ua , wo _ac'jure you to _Ciindomn the cruel obstinney of our only euuny , and to _recejnise us as worthy to address you in the name ef Italy . Tho ladies of Venice hive addressed a demand to the Republio that a female _battalion may be formed , who would either tend the sick , make cartridges , or , in case of necessity , share the dangers of the fight . Their demand has been _tranied .
The Piedmontese troopa bare cut tho communications between Mantua and Verona . The govern » r of Mantua has made a regular _rszEta on ths surrounding country ,, and has captured 2 , 000 head of cattle , and _seized upon everything aatab . e he eould lay his hands on . lie has notified his intention of holding out to the last , and having opened the sluices is in the midst o ' a lake . The Italian journals eontain Recounts of the most atrocious and wanton acts ef cruelty committed by the Austrian troops , some too horrible to relate . Carlo-Alberto is reported to bave notified to the Marshal thafc if such scenes re-occurred , he _sh-inld retaliate , and put to death every Austrian that fell into his hands .
CHANGE OF DYNASTY IN SICILY . Tha following official document has beea published at Palermo : — The Parliament declares—1 . Ferdinand Bourbon and hia dynasty ara for _evot fallen from the thron't of Sicily . 2 . Sicily shall govern _her 3 _tlf constitutionally , and call to the throne an Italian Prince , aa soon as she shall have reformed her statulo _. Done and resolved at _Ptlermo , on the _13-h of April The town was to ba illuminated the three nights following ; on the 13 th all the _broriw statues of tbe house of Bourbon were thrown down , and they will be cast into cannon .
POLAND . Cracow , April 10 . —Tbis morning the deputation returned from Vienna . Our National Guard is ulready completely _erganiaed . We number about 6 , 000 armed burghers , among whom are 1 . G 00 Jesvs . The accounts from Prussian Poland continue to be most melancholy' . According to _theDnuifCHB Ailoemeine Zehukg , the Polish insurgents are committing the grossest _excesses . Toey have broken up , it appears , into small bands , and they are now wandering about the country levying black mail on the inhabitants . The leader of the Poles , _Microslawski , has farwarded his ultimatum to the Prussian government ; in the name of his countrymen he refuses to lay down hia arms till the government has given guarantees for the full performance of its promise of a national re organisation ofthe Polish _province .
A letter from our oorrespondunt at Br _^ _slau , da _< ed 21 st inst , states tbat the Central Committee of the Polish insurrection was in process of organisation in that city , under the _direction of one ofthe most distinguished of the Polish generals , and that all the accounts received from Russian Poland announced that t . _hs peasinls were animated with the very best and most patriotic _feelings . From the fact that telegraphic communication betweon St Petersburg - _> nd Cracow had been interrupted , it was _surmissd lint insurrectionary _movements had already occurred in the interior .
DENMARK AND _SCULESWIG-IIOLSTEIN . ANOTHER BATTLE . Hamburg , Saturday . —Late on Friday _evening the last train frem Rendsburg brought the _infoimr . tion ti Hamburg of another engagement having taken place between a portion of the allied army and the _avant guard of the Danish army . The Go-mans engaged were principally volunteers , and their opponents were two regiments of D . tnish _cuira-siers , one of d _.-asoons , and a small battery . Tho result of tbe battle was eaid to be favourable to the Germans -, but they experienced a very severe Io _? _s , for ten or twelve wapgon loads of wounded were brought into Rendsburg in the _course of the afternoon . The scene of the engagement was a _larpc wood in the neighbourhood of the village pf Altenhof , which lie 3 only a few miles from Rendsburg .
SPAIN . The Siglo announces that , the Centralist Chief , Bellera , who lately entered Catalonia from France , had proclaimed the Republic in several districts of the province of Gerona . TURKEY . Constantinople , April 5 . —Matters here are in a very unsatisfactory state , and the spirit of revolution which prevails in Europe ip too plainly manifest here .
Asanttttiptsu
_asanttttiptsu
(From The Gazette Of Tuesday, April 25.)...
( From the Gazette of Tuesday , April 25 . ) BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED . April 24 , G . Hargreaves ar . d J . Hargreavcs , Manches ter , merchants .
BANKRUPTS . William Berridgc , Cheltenham , grocer—John Edmund Boyd , Grosvenor-strcet We 6 t , I'imlico—Whitfield Ilurnett _, Robert Moon Watson , Luke _Wanlcss , Thomas Harrison , and Daniel Stokoc , _Cbai-tersdaugb , Durham , coal owners—William Davis , Abcrcarne , Monmouthshire , irou-plate manufacturer — James Brodie Gordon , Church-row , Limehouse , cooper—James Gray , jun ., Liverpool , metal broker—Robert Harding , Bridg . water , Somersetshire , draper—Henry Alonzo Hart , Devonshire-street , Queen-square , linen draper—John Ilamlyn Hill , Plymouth , veterinary surgeon — Alexander M'Donald , Nencastle-upoa-Tyiie , confectioner—Charles Rowcrolt , Fuulton-sijuare , Chu _' sea , bookseller—Joseph Sargent , Beaufort , _Brecoiishii-e , innlseeper—Thomas Studdard , Blackpool , _Laiicasl . iio , innkeeper- Thomas Swift , Monmouth , timber merchant—Robert Taylor , Liverpool , merchant .
INSOLVENT PETITIONERS . J . Adkins , Stock , Essex , baiter—W . _Anderton , Hulme , LaHcashire , licensed victualler—E . Aylward , Lamberhurst , Kent , tailor—It . Barrett , Dengie , Essex , blacksmith—G . Blnl .-e , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , basket maker-G . Cannon , Horton Kirby , Kent , common brewer-R . Cocker , jun ., Stoney iliddlcton , Derbyshire , publican—W . _Douglas , Manchester , provision dealer-J . Elphick , Horsmonden , Kent , butcher—W . Fane , Bedford , occasional clerk to an auctioneer—R . Gardiner , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , journeyman cooper-J . Kirkman , Pimhole , Lancashire , provision denier-J . Law , Man . Chester , cotton waste dealer—W . Ling , LaUenhnvn , Nor . with , journeyman brush maker— w . Morgan , Manchester , dairyman—T . Nichols , Brondon Parva , Norfolk , higgler—i ' . Radford , Chard , Somersetshire , blacksmith —D . C . Saddler , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , journeyman bricklayer—W . _Slatler , Appledore _, Devonshire , ' shoemaker— W . Sugdeu , Rochdale , Lancashire , blacksmith—F . Walker , Higham , Norwich , clerk in the Norwi . li Union Life . office—W . Wims , Manchester , dealer in fruit and
vegetables
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . Isador Calmann , _Glasgow , merchant — Alexander Dixon , Greenock , spirit merchant—Archibald M'Martin , Alva , Stirlingshire , innkeeper—Andrew Ross , Edinburgh , and _Rubert Ross , Dunfermline , boot and shoemakers-Charles Graham Sidey , Perth , merchant .
Tom Steele— At The Bow Btreet Police Cou...
Tom Steele— At the Bow _Btreet Police Court on Tuesday , Tom Steele , O'Conncll _' s' Head Pacificator , ' was __ _brought up for re-examination , on the charge of having attempted to commit suicide by throwing himself over Waterloo Bridge . He expressed deep contrition , and premised the _offence should not be repeated . Mr Jardine held him to bail for twelve months , _himseif in £ 100 , and two sureties of £ 50 each , which being given , poor Tom waB released . State _ of Trade in _Manchester . —Everything commercial and manufacturing is literally at a standstill here . Nothing is doing oi 'Change , and great numbers of the mills and workshops are _ei-. her wholly closed or working only short time . About 10 , 000 operatives are at present working short time , and nearly the same number are wholly out of employment . Tho operative population are not tho principal sufferers : the shopkeepers and tradesmen generally are deeply distressed , and hundreds know not how to turn for relief .
Resignation of Mr Milner Gibson . — -Tke connexion of Mr Gibson with Manchester and tho government seemed longer to be impossible , for the unpopular acts of tho ministry necessarily rendered the right honourable gentleman unpopular with his _constituents . The only objectors ti Mr Gibson ' s re- i tirement are a few oftho _sensative Whigs , whose influence is very _slight in Manchester . j Tho Chinese junk has obtained a berth in tho East India Dock , and is undergoing repairs fer ex- . hibition to the public , j The Medical Times says , that the SuJtan has or- ' _det-ed a quarter-cask of chloroform for tho use of the ladies of nis harem .
It appears , by experiments made at Blcetre , Paris , the inhalations of ehloraform induce fits of epilepsy in thoao persona liable to such visitations , i 'There is a baroaet of ancient descent , ' _sayfl the Ballanasloe Stab , ' now working aa a common labourer , at one shilling a-day , in the county of Meath . ; We are indebted to Lord Cowley for obtaining a further concession from tho Ottoman Sultan ; tho recognition ofthe Protestants of Turkey as a separate and _lefiaMy-MMttttttid _coEuaunity ,
Great Chartist Demonstration On Siurcoat...
GREAT CHARTIST DEMONSTRATION ON SIURCOAT-A 500 R . In the early part of tbe week placards were posted throughout the West-Riding , announcing that thenwould be a ' groat West-Riding meeting' on Skircoatmoor , on Good Friday . Placards issued in the previous week , warning all well-disposed persons of the illegality of such meetings , were renewed in the early part ofthe week . Early on Friday morning the Halifax special constables who had then been sworn-in .- / nd organised , were noticed to hold themselves in readi nesB . About twenty _companicaof tbe specials' were
assembled in the _Pieoe-flall at ten o ' clock . At a still earlier hour the Halifax troops of the 2 nd West York Yeomanry Cavalry , ( who had beon some time under orders from head quarters to held themselves in readiness ) were called out and assembled in the Riding School . Tho troop _^ of the Sth Dragoon Guards also held themselves is readiness during the day at their barracks , as did the Infantry at the barracks . A part only of the old pensioners were called out , tbe rest being warned to be in readiness . And the magistrates sat at their office all day in preparation for any emergency .
THE PROCESSION . At about nine o ' clock , a procession started from the bottom of Horton-atreet to meet the Bradford Chartists . The Ovenden and Northowarm Chartists also went on the Bradford Road with the same obieot . And at a _subsequent hour a procession _ofsomothiusandsfrom Huddersfield , also crossed the town in tho same direction . At about eleven o ' clock , the united procession entered the town , and defiled through tha streets . It contained twelve bands of music , and a mu'titude of flaes and banners . Tho tricolour ( _substituting green forthe blue of tho French _flig ) wns abundant ; and many men in the procession also wore tricolour rosetlf . 9 . Tho inscriptions included the _followinci : —
' The Charter , and down with theariatocraoy , ' a black banner . — ' Freedom wo want , aud freedom wa will have . '—Another black _fl-g , with a pike at tbe end of the staff , ' Woconquer or die . '—Two large _full-lensth portraits of _FflRrgus O'Connor— * _Waclaworth Row National Charter Association ; tho Charter and No Surrender . ' — ' Liborty , Equality , Fraternity . ' — ' Ovenden National Charter Association ; England Free or aDerert . '— 'Jones and Miall / a green _ffae . — ' Forward and we Conquer , Backward and we Fall . ' — ' He that _hsth nn sword , let him sell his garment and buy one . '— ' Rod flig , ' England Free or a Desert . '— Groen flag , _« _Libarty or Death . '—Banner , * Woe to the Tyrants that dare obstruct the way to
Freedom . '—Green banner , ' New Leeds ; What ie L'fe without Liberty . '— - _Goodroan's-end section , Gad ' s Will the People ' s Claim . ' - Green flag , ' God helps tbem tbat help themselves . '—Two tricolour flags with cap of liberty on the staff . —Banner cmtaining a portrait with the words , 'Arthur O'Connor , the Exile of Erin ; The Female National Charter Association , Bradford . '— - Little _H- _' . rton Char tists ; May tbe people of England never forget Frost , Williams , and Jones . '— ' It is better to Die by tbo Sword than Perish by Hunger , — ' Tyrants prepare to meet your God . '— ' Mothei' 3 , Claim the Rights of your children . '— ' Woe to tbe man that _oppresseth ths poor . '— * The People's Charter in defiance of
Dungeons . The procession was marshalled by men who carried small tricoloured flags . Thc different processions of which it was composed did not , however , walk with a similar number _a-breast . The Chartists from Ovenden and other parts of this neighbourhood walked four or five abreast ; those which followed the Bradford Anoient Foresters' bind , seven and eight a-breast ; and towards the close of tho procession tbere were rows of ten and some twelve _a-broast . The entire procession would therefore probably averago seven abreast ; under rather than over that average . It _occupied twenty-one minutes in turning the corner of Union-street into Hortonstreet ; at a rate of thirty-seven rows in half a minute . This , at the average of seven to the row , would give b 00 a minute , or 10 , 500 for the entire procession , supposing the entire line to be without a break . We mutifc add that neither calculation includes tbe laiRe number of those who chase a les ? public and more direct method of reaching the placo of meeting . *
THE MEETING . As we have already stated the site npon which the monster meeting was held was Skircoat Moor , where spacious hustings had _beaa erected on the east side , and near to the plantation ; the front of tho hustings facing westward ; To these hustings admission was had by ticket . The hour advertised for commencing tbe proceedings was eleven o ' clock _, and at that hour a procession from Ripponden took up its station in front of the hustings . The procession was accompanied by a band of music , and a few banners . In half an hour afterwards , an immense
procession defiled from the road to the left of the hustings . Tho _pi-jcession it was understood came from Huddersfield , and the neighbourhood ; and _was followed ( but whether included in it or not , our reporter on the moor could not learn ) by the _precessbn which had been wending it- way through th- ? streets of Halifax , when thc immense throng hsd _stationed themselves in front p f the hustings , tke scene was certainly most _imposing . The who _' e of thc processions having taken up their positions , thc bands ceased playing , the _fligs and banners wer ? furled , and the moro important proceedings commenced .
The bu 8 ine 3 s commenced by a person of the name of Riley , proposing that Mr B . Rushton take the chair . This was seconded by a person in the crowd , and carried by a forest of hands being held up in its favour . The Chairman said—that , having been elected to preside over that meeting , it would be his business to submit a string of resolutions for their approval or disapproval . It , unfortunately , happened that seme of the individuals invited were not present ; however , they must make up their lack a 3 wellaa they could ; their object was not men , but principle , that they were contending for . ( Cheers . ) Mr James IIabris , of L ? ed 8 _, was then called upon _, lie said , it perhaps would be a matter of regret that
many of tho gentlemen invited to attend the meeting were , from necessity , compelled to stay away . This might be a matter of regret to many , but to his mind it was no very great discouragement . He perfectly agreed with the chairman that it was principle and notmen they were contending for , but , at the same time , he would award tbe same meed of praise to thc persons who had been invited there as though they were present . Great credit was due to those men who bad got up and sustained an agitation which had taught the working classes not to depend upon others , but themselves . ( Cheers . ) He was glad that the ' Gagging Bill' had had no influence over
tho working classes . ( AVoico : 'We'll gag ' em _, ' and laughter . ) Ho would net aak tbem if they were prepared to go on peaceably until the Six Points of the Charter became the law of tho lav _. d . ( Shouts of We are . ' ) Then , _ifthf-y were thus determined to act , they must not be afraid of this bill , although ir sought to entrap some , ifnot most , of thtir leaders . But should that be done—could he , for one moment , suppose that they should succeed in nagging their present leaders , be believed the effect would be that if they imprisoned one leader , a hundred would rise up to take his place . ( Cheers . ) Ho had a resolution in his band wbich he would read : —
That this meeting _feelipj _, from practical reality , that the present House tf Commons docs not _rtpresmt the Interests of the _people of this country , bail with _eatla . faction the suggestion of tbe Convention that a memo rial b > presented to her _Mcjtsty , requesting hor to dis . miss her ministry and dissolve parliament , and call to her _council men who will make the People ' s Charter a cabinet messure _. With that resolution he most _eordially agreed ; fer if thero was no other act than tbe one which last night _passad its third reading in the Home of Lords , and commonly called 'the Gagging Bill . ' hc thought it amply sufficient to memorialise _^ _the Queen to dismiss her ministers , dissolve parliament , and call those men to power who would make the Charter a
cabinet measure . ( Cheers . ) What were thev to conceive would be the results of such a bill ? Thoy we ; c told tbat large meetings wero being held in the country , such as tha one he then witnessed—ihey were told that the authorities were alarmed , and the peaceably disposed inhabitants were afraid . But where did they get their _alara from ? Had there been any outbreak—any disturbance by tbe Char tists ? ( Cries of ' no- ' ) Had any one been advieed to break the peace ? ( 'No . ' ) Destroy property ? (' No . ' ) Or life ? ( 'No . ' ) If they invariably protected the peace while seeking for their liberties , he _wsuld ask them where was the danger to tho Crown or government ? It was said , that ' a guilty conscience was its own _accuser . ' ( Loud cheera . ) In the
House of Commons on Tuesday last Lord John Russell , in _deb-iting the question of the Crown and Government Security Bill , told tho peopio through the _hauso , that as civilisation _irogresst-d , so new modes would be invented to overturn the country . What were they to understand _frsm that assertion , but that Lord John Russell was endeavouring to stop the rising influence of mind , but wliich nova- wonld , and never should be stopped . There was _an-ilher inference which he draw frem that assertion ; they were perhaps to understand that Lord John Russell meant that as civilisation progressrd , so new medes _wauld be invented for overturning lhe
governmentor that while civilisation progressed that tho legislature was to stand Btill . If he intended that , he was apt to think Lord John Russell would ba greatly mistaken . The poople wera now determined that government itself should move with the onward march of civilization . If Lord John Russcil intended lhat government should stand still , or bo a do nothing-government , he believed that suoh meetings as the present would convince him that important concessions must be made to the just demands of tho people , ( Cheers . ) At other _nunaeaous meetings they had openly asserted that they would never re _* t satisfied till tho six points of the Charter were the
Great Chartist Demonstration On Siurcoat...
law of tho land . Were they ; _-f . tho mme _d-itsrnfc nation ? ( Cries of ' We are , ' and cbeers . ) v . hal ; was it that t ' M people of tun country we _» ; 10 Yr t « king for ? He believed that there was _ver- v -eat m isapprehension amongst a vastp . rtipn of t . v influential nnd the middle claws ef society , tb _« . bey wero reckless cf life , destroyers of property , _*; v , m _£ to tako from others what they possessed , mi _appropriate such property to their own use . f . ¦ _.- ¦ believed that no such _fcelihjpaa tbese existed ir . the breast of any honest-hearted Chartist . They ;¦ -, -hed to have a voice in the legislature ; they _wis-iMto have ii voice in tbe _spending of that money tn v . _'Utea they wore such large contributors . Ii should be the duty and business of every Coartist to show ti the ¦
middle classes that such was their object , and . leir only object . Bat at the same time he would nave it to be understood that they would never rest . _» 'tisfiVd until that object was accomplished . ( Civ . ; r ? . > The question might yet arise—wbich was tV , best form of government to live under , and il tb \ : inquiry should be set on foot , and conducted iv . the ) _BAmo spirit as thafc which animated the mo * _rnenfr for the Charter , it might end in the peon' > not being satisfied even with the sis points of _tbo < har » ter . ( Cheers . ) The working classes of thia ••• . m . _ntry were now rery nearly unanimous for the _Pcnle ' S Charter . And let it be borne in mind , tha * , . Mta » out unanimity , that object never would , and - ivet could , be obtained ; and _tharefore he conceive *; it ta
be . the duty of _eyery working man not to thr ? < the least obstacle in the way of bringing the r . vddle classes to thorn , in order that tbey might have rueir assistance . The middle classes were fast _noting over to them ; and if they referred to a nv . ting lately held at Manchester , they would find _thon-ands ) of the middle classes who had been sworn -n a 9 special constables had openly declared thr- - sbey wouldnotuse their staves against tho _psopli . and that they would assist them in agitating iV . r tho Charter . Tho same feeling waa agitating the m _iddle classes as that which made tbe working _cVissas Chartists . He hoped that tbat the present m -ting w & uld bo one great means of cementing the middle
and working _classos of this community insg ::. _< ting until the Charter became the law of thn and . ( Cbeers . ) The speaker then proposed the res' ; i ' _^ tio n . Charles Worship seconded tho resolution . A . ' . _arallnding to */ a bill issued by Edward Baines , of ! .- ? ds , * a d which _allustwn called forth _loui _shoutsof' _.-vo ' d » liar , ' _hes aid _. tbey would _recollect that prev :.-s to tbe meetipgin London the Queen waB reoomn . _; _aded to remove from her house ti Osborne Ilouse ; ' 'Ufc if she did not want removing frr . m all the _hoy-isehs _oossesfed , he would advise her to remove from ; owec thoso who were doing the utmost they o _u'd ; - prevent the onward movement cf tbe people . Loud shouting , and cries of' na , pat that da ' an , ' ) the short-hand _writers . )
MrD . Lightowlek , of _Brad ' ord , was calk / ' upoa to support the resolution . He was _inclined to . hmk thafc thoso who at present counselled the Que ? ::., and who sat . at the helm of affairs , were not _propped to make the Charier the law ofthe land . It _apr-rared that they had no idea of the _degraded condi _Ion of the working classes of this country -, _otherwise they would adopt some means for raising the werking classes from the _degradation and suffering in _^ _aicS they were involved . Instead of doing thatthe- wera giving them something entirely in opposition to that which would tend toremove 'be burdens under which they groaned . ( Disapprobation . ) Her _Majesty's mi . _nisters had given _evidence of their unfitnf-as to ttovern tbis _nation , bv passing tbat Whig _Tr-ason
Act called _ih ° . Gaggine Bill . Instead ef _asking then ? to rear the tree of liberty , tbey had given hem a Gigging Bill . But thay would meet . ( ' Wc -ill , ' ) There was a poople groaning for liberty , and _<' eterm ' nf d to have liberty , and yet the government gave thera a _Gacging Bill . ( A voice ' we w ll gag them , ' cheers . ) It had been observed by 3 previous s _; -alter that while the people were progressing , government was _rctiogradins or going lack ; they had carr . ' ed » measure which would hare disgraced this cou ; try % theosand years ago . ( _Cbecre ) Tbe _governmentba-1 given evidence of their unfitness to manage the affairs ot this country by the _weakness they mar . _ifestd day by day . Let it be understood that the _Btri-nsth . _of-a government eristcd in the affections of the
people , and not in muskets and bayonets , and _sv-ards _. The _Btrensth of tho government grew weaker every day , and if the Queen did _v . ot soon dismiss he .- ministers they would be dismii-ed by some other power . ( Cheers . ) The ministry also _manifested their _unfiffioss for tfS . cc by the _introduction of another bill , railed the Alien ' s Bill . Some of these jealous follows thought they had seen , as he br , d also seen himsolf , a _fow bearded men walking about the streets of London , and who they thought were wanted fo have _sonittthing to do with the Chartists . Now , he would not raise any objection fo tint bill provided th ? y applied it properly . ( Cheer 3 and laughter . ) Prince Albert should go first . ( Loud cheers ) The ex-King of France next . ( Cheers . ) Guizot next . ( Cluers . )
The Queen Dowager tho fourth — ( cheers ) — and all the aliens who bad been burdens and paupers upon thia country . ( Loud shouting ) Let tke government apply this bill impartially , and then thpy would receive it . The Whigs a ways told them when they were out of office what they _wr-ulddo , but when they gst into ofrice ihey did nothing bnt mischief . ( Chs-ere . ) If they had been out of office _vhile the tree of liaerty was now being raised in Europe , they would have been _taefu-3 t to help the working classes to raise it in England . But the Whtes were in office , and the Tories out , and so they brought in the GapginK Bill end their Aliens Bill . He concluded by exhorting the meetiog to proceed _pescsably but most determindly to show government that they would have the Charter and no Surrender . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr J . Shackle-ion , of Halifax , moved tho next resolution . He said that he bad been just looking at tbis very large assembly , and wondering whethee the lying and vilifying press would co away with the ( ale to parliament that there would be only about five er six thousand of tbem . He thought there were two acres of them _closfly packed ( hear ) , and _theyraisht , therefore , be able to make their own _calculation . So long as the people of this country were divided , so long would tbey be weak . But tho moment the people were united " in one bond , not all the powerson earth could resist ihem . Why did they then continually meet to ; _elher , to bo tauuted of by the government , as evil disposed and discontented persons . Now , they W 6 re _discontented , he
readily admitted ; but that they were evil _dispoEed persons , he utterly denied . Their only object in coming forward in auch numbers was to endeavour to obtain the means of living in the land of their birth ; but that right bad been taken away by those parties who claimed to be tbe government of this country . The object of a _legislative assembly , waa to do all ia its power to promote happiness , morality , and good order in society ; but , in this , _ouv government had utterly failed ; so that ifc was high time that olli ° r parties should take pos 3 essioa of tbe helm of affairs . ( Hear . ) What had they dope for the working classes ? There was one third of tfce entire population in the manufactuiing districts out of employment , and the other _two-thirda
were living upon such scanty subsistence , that they could scarcely keep body and soul together . What was the reason of this ? Was it because the people of this country were _notBtrong enough , abla enough , to produce food , and build _housis , and make furniture for themselves ? ( No . ) Why this should be in a country possessing all tbe _scientific knowledge and intelligence which it was paid to _possess , and that hundreds of thousands shonld be starving for want of food , and there should be hundreds and millions of acres of land out of _oultivation , he could not imagine . Why was if-, that such a bady of men had so _managed that , the working classes having toiled for food , tbey must go and starvo till _theoiistocracy and the _moneymongu-a thought fit to * give thera the means ? Was
society over intended for such an one ? Waa if ; ever ordained by nature scd by God that the great bulk of tbe labouring population should labour _incessantly , with scarcely the means of existence , in order to ' keep in idleness and pr _fTgncy a small section of the community . It never was so intended ; and with the determination and aid of working men , such a state of things should not be much longer . ( Cheers . ) They had all the elements of wealth and prosperity within their reach , but thoy were locked up in various ways by individual * wbo claimed to be possessed of all the knowledge in the world . But this state of things must do longer exist , Look at the state of tho people of It-eland . There wa 3 net another nation on the face of tho earth that had
submitted to such degradation , poverty , and misery ; the people of England were in Buch a condition that they wero fast sinking to tbe condition of Ireland . ( Hear . ) Suppose the aristocracy were for a short time to change plaees with tbem ; and , instead of livin ; : in splendid palaces , they were to oceupythe hovels of the working men of this country , becoming the servile dependents upon those whom they had so long oppressed—weuld they not feel that they were indebted for all their grandeur and their wealth , to the hard-toiling citizen 1- ? Their rulers talked to tbem about property , and _. tho rights of property . He would toll tbem there was no property except through labour . Even-thing we saw and _possessed of any value had come from tho labour of working men ; and , therefore , tho working man , who produced all , ought to occupy a place worthy of his usefulness m ¦ society . ( Cheers . ) They bad been told by one with them
party that if thoy wou ; d only go to obtain free-trade , all _troiiM he weh ; but thoy had got _froe-trailo and were still going dotrn the hill . Now , some parties were anxious that they should emigrate ts New _laalmd . or _lSew South Wales , or anywhere else , so thafc they did not trouble them . He was not one ofthe party who womd favour tiict cry . Ho was , for staying in his native land , in tho hope that it weuld still be a happy , prosperous , and glorious oountry . It was unnecessary they should go abroad , so long as they had so many elements of wealth and prosperity afc bome . And while there were such signs of progress before themwhile mankind wore steadily advancing in intelligence the government wa . 3 travelling back to the dark ascs of feudalism . They had seen an animal in its death throes strike nervously . haxd ,. . These , were the very symptoms whioh preceded _tlie _^ _deatructicui of the _French _goYernnwut , * M _4 .. _|^ 0 tta _* 4 . _^ qut _^ . _goyergs ' . _(* , ' " ' ; - ' - - ' J _& i
* This Calculation Forms Part Of The Ori...
* This calculation forms part of the original report which we havo . taken from the Halifax _Goabdiaw , a Tory paper ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_29041848/page/7/
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