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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th June 1849, Edition 3 of 3, Page 7, FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. (Concludedfrom the...

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      E ;Wanmean -Between -Oho'ahd- Two ' O'Cl...

      tai-imy letter to too great a length . I shall , there fore ,. content myself with _apassage from " Dallam ' s 2 K * _Sfti ¦ t ? 8 work before _* mted * ° > ¦ ' P _^ S _^ 2 iS _^ J 0 flik , !* ? 0 , l ' as a fu _" settlement of the _» » _* » * ««> settled in the present day , and be it borne m mind that the hi storian writes not to prove a point either in politics or noli--facal economy , bnt to elucidate the truth of _bistbrv _* y givm _^ us as correct aa idea as possible of the jast condition ef onr counby . He says — " There k one very unpleasing remark Ivbich every one who attends to the subject of prices will lie induced to make , that the labouring classes , es _' peciaUy those engaged in agriculture , were better provided with the means of subsistence in the reign of Edward HL or of Henry TL than they are at * f _* nd mv lprr . Pi . tn t / uii » i » t _ i __ i - * _v . .. .

      -present . In the fourteenth century , Sir John Culluni Observes , a harvest man had U . a day , which enabled him in a week to buy a comb of wheat ; out to buy a _comib of -wheat a man must now ( 1784 ) work ten or twelve days . . * * Yet ( continues iiauam } _, although these _vrages are regulated , as a maxunum , by Actsof Parliament "which may naturaUy be supposed to nave a view rather towards _flimimahing than enhancing the current rate , I am -not folly convinced that they were not rather beyond it ; private accounts at least do not always correspond with these statutable prices . And it is necessary to remember that the uncertainty of employment , -natural to so imperfect a state of husbandry must have diminished the labourer ' s means

      of subsistence . Extreme dearth , not more owinto adverse seasons than to improvident consunn > tion , was frequently endured . But after every allowance of this kind , I should find it difficidt to resist tan conclusion , tfiat 7 _iou'e « er the labourer has _derived benefit from the cheapness of manufactured commodities , and from many inventions of common vtility , he is much inferior in ability to support a family , to his ancestors iJirec or four centuries ago . " * I think , sir , I have said enough to convince your readers that the Editor of the Ch ronicle is not meeting the arguments of Louis Blanc in the manner in ¦ which they should be met . If the theory of the Socialist is to be disproved by facts and fijnires . the

      "fects should be facts , and the figures should be correct . I do not for a moment , however , imagine that the Editor of the Clironicle sought to takoadvantageof a stranger ' s -want of acquaintance with the obscurer parts of our history . I merely wish to . say that he has not g iventhe subject that attention "which it merits , and being ill-informed of the times and circumstances of -which he writes , he throws out random statements , not because they are true , so much as that they are convenient for making out Sl case that needs a snpport , refused by past history snd present experience . Between the Editor of tbe Weekl y Chronicle and Hallam , it will not be difficult for your readers to choose the best authority .

      In conclusion , I may remark that the very fact of an honest difference on such a subject , is as strop .- *• a proof as need be ofthe unnatural condition of things ; if society "was making a natural progress -under the direction of "wisdom and experience , an able and impartial historian like Hallam , could not have made the sorrowful acknowledgment which I have just quoted . _Ceomwelx .

      Tai-I Letter To Too Great --: ; N * ¦ .,...

      --: ; _N * ¦ ., .. .... t _S _* m 30 , 1849 . TflE NORTHERN STAR . _, . / ' ; . _, 7 . i _^ _» _^ — _^ ————o— _^———— i _^ _——______ _-t—— .. — . — ..,-. n I .,.. ¦ I . .... . I . . I , i i ii i i

      * Hauam's History And Governments Of Eur...

      * Hauam ' s History and Governments of Europe during the Middle . Ages . VoL 2 nd ., pages 521 and 522 .

      Colliery Explosions. — Great Loss Op Lif...

      _COLLIERY _EXPLOSIONS . — GREAT LOSS OP LIFE . Great Bribge , seak _Dcd-cet . —Tuesday . —An explosion of fire-damp in the coal pits of Mr . Thonias Morris , of this place , occurred this morning . They are contiguous to tbe locality where the Stour Yalley "Railway and the Birmingham Canal run closely parallel at Great Bridge . Soon after six o ' clock this morning thc colliers _^ men and boys ) descended the shaft . They-were accompanied by Thomas Pritchard , "the doggy , " * who bore an excellent character amongst both masiers and men . It is said that on entering * the shift , and on arriving in the mine , he had with him the safety lamp , and took every precaution to prevent accidents . The depth ofthe mine is 274 yards . There are in it seven roads , some of "which are from sixty to eig hty yards long . About half-past six an explosion took place , and the neighbourhood of ¦ Great Bridge was thrown into a state of the greatest alarm . As soon as possible the shaft "was descended ,

      -and amongst the most active in rendering assistance to the -unfortunate sufferers "was Mr . Morris , the proprietor of the works . Thousands of miners and colliers from all parts of the country speedily assembled on the spot , and no exertions were spared to ascertain the extent of the calamity , and render -aid to those to whom further aid could be of any ser-Tice . Br eleven o ' clock about sixiy-two _ men and boys were taken from the pit ; of these eight were _4 ead , and many so seriously injured that no hopes are entertained of their recovery . The six boys re-¦ m aining in the pit there can be no reasonable doubt are killed , for so late as four o ' clock this afternoon thc presence of sulphur was so powerful _^ that men who went down the pit with the view of giving assistance , were obliged to be suddenly drawn up ,, and -when p laced in the open air it was some time before they recovered froni its effects . It is thought that , at least , no fewer than from twenty to twenty-five lives will be lost bv this unfortunate accident .

      _Among the men who are killed was Pritchard , "the doggy , " who carried the safety-lamp . It is stated by some ofthe snrrirors , that after examining the pit , and when the colliers were " brushing sulphur , " he unscrewed the lamp . To this they attribute the _i-jnition of the fire-damp , and the fatal results which ensued . Some persons in the neighbourhood go so far as to assert that the presence of sulphur in the pit has been notorious , and generally spoken of for some months past ; but this would appear inconsistent with the general character ¦ which Pritchard bore for discretion , prudence , and

      good management . . Various affecting incidents are related as having -occurred within tbe mine at the time of the explosion . Tbe boys usually employed in thc roadways , and the driving ofthe horses are almost all dead or dvin" One poor lad was found-at the bottom of the shaft , ahorse , when blown up by the ignited vapour , having fallen upon him and hilled him . Another lad , from Somersetshire , recently apprenticed to Pritchard , was amongst the killed . Of the seven horses in the pit only two were brought up alive . ¦ - _ _. .

      At six o ' clock , owing to thc prevalence of vapour , the whole of ihe bodies had not been recovered ; but it is expected that they will be brought up _during the evening . One of the sufferers , a married man from Tipton , has left behind Mm a widow and nine children . _ „ . _ . » ¦ ¦* The pit had not been worked since Saturday the greater caution was therefore required on entering It this morning .

      Eotal Roi-Rn-Cnxic Ixstituiiox. — To Clo...

      Eotal _roi-rn-cnxic Ixstituiiox . — To clothe knowledge in such a garb as to make it ¦ nalatahle to the uninitiated is a thmg of some dife-S ? and , since the establishment of the _Polytechnic _Ssriturion , it has ever been the study of _itsma-Scrers to overcome this difficulty . The lectures on _vSf _^ v bvMr Graham , arc in a form quite eomto commence a study " of this beautiful science Hi "E _^ Sental and X itural Philosophy , _DoctorBachsraftsa-i ¦ _n ? j _« - * _= _? i in series of lectures

      also en _^ ed delivering a on ta _f- n 'SS _euabkdfo form their opinion of the * racter , _wniwi _» - ""* ¦ . , ; n „ . i __ t _* _nn-j nm

      Sit e _SraesS _Ototoi P- » _M * 2 _'SJS - of ihe pictures , _TrtMi" ™ »' le ' "" " _"iPiSSSSi _SsUtK £ d _> , - * Ub tie estat e « I eU «* J » i _e _~ _uinh _envonf-v-three vears was imexpircu _. _jeasc

      , , "i _rionn-iwr _nnnmn . and between _A _^ uo " perty might , *« _ft _j _^ _^ _p _^ if erecting pull down the _Eior _* _ma iot invv £ _^ ffcml _dwelling-houses on the s _^ . _^ je _wst _Was £ 3 , 000 , and _* _Xt h ?« 3 d the property last The auctioneer said that ne -oiu m < - j- if year for " £ 6 , 000 . . - _ _^ _facready appeared for the Mb . _^ _- _*^ r _^' _- _^ _wTretura from _Sortb first time _^ E _» g _^ . _™ _HSJe on- Tuesday _erenmg . . _-rherecepuo crowded , and the _Utoitt _^ J _^ lf _^^ ose , one _nncW ° Jf J _° ? _ato _^!! _S _TO _™ _S tSny to tremble In its _tn-^ rc _^ nlV _^ et _/ _more proselytes than much preaching .

      Foreign Intelligence. (Concludedfrom The...

      FOREIGN _INTELLIGENCE . ( Concludedfrom the Secondpage . ) _AcsxH-fjur _Atbocitt . —I liave to add to the list of executions which have taken place in Presbur- » under the auspices of the butcher of Brescia , Haynau , one which exceeds in atrocity any ofthe preceding , and -which has created a far more powerful sensation among the people . An Evangelical clergy _, man , named Razga , whose eloquence as a preacher has long procured him overflowing congregations , has been seized , tried b y court-martial , and sentenced to be hanged for addressing seditious language to the people . The execution of Bazga took p lace at four o ' clock on the morning of June 18 th ,

      ~»» TOue . . me oi tne people may he measured by the precautions adopted bythe authorities . All the streets leading to the Castlo were strongly occupied b y military ; the cannon on the bastions were loaded , with lit matches at hand . _Ifo disturbance took place . It is expected that tbe retaliation menaced by Kossuth against Austrian prisoners will now be put in execution . The Austrian government in Presburg is become one of terror . "No greater service could be done to the cause ofthe Magyars . Bazga , although young , was the father of five children . He met * his death with freat firmness / deliveringa -speech in defence of is . conduct , and ended with "God bless the Fatherland "

      Public Feehxg in Bohemia , — Several _an-ests have taken place at Prague , where the temper of the populac e still remains threatening : Their loyalty is not likely to be freshened by a new levy of recruits which has just been decreed forBohemia . So less than 19 , 000 Czeehsare , in this , instance , to be taken from their native country and employed against the Hungarians , with whom they sympathise . Experience has shown that the Imperialist levies are the most efficient means to recruit the Hungarian Honved regiments . TRIALS OF THE nEMOCRATS ET _COUHTS-MAUTUL

      _Ber-u-v , Juxb 23 . —The court-martial held to-day its first sitting to try the the democratic prisoners arrested in May . The state prosecutor , Schlitto , has laid the sentences at two years' fortress-imprisonment for Dr . Gehrke , nine months for Waldeck , Schoneman , and some others , and six months for the rest . The referendarius , Meyer , is at this moment making his speech in defence . ' The verdict is " expected this evening . So hope is " entertained of acquittal . A popular journal , the ' TJrwahler , ' has been suppressed . ENIBAKCS OF THE _PBUSSIAXS IXIO MAXNIIEIM AND

      HEIDELBERG . After the Prince of Prussia had defeatei the patriots on the 22 nd inst ., near "Waghausel , the troops under General von der Groben crossed the "Kfecker , near Ladenburg and Mannheim , and in the course ofthe night took possession _ortho latter , without opposition , a counter-revolution having broken out in favour of the Prussians , and-the patriots having retired from the town , in order , it was said , to march against the corps of General von Hirschfeld . It appears that the second ' regiment of dragoons refused to obey thc orders of Mieroslawski , and that the second call for recruits on his part has caused much dissatisfaction . Heidelberg was also taken without opposition by General Ton Schack . On the

      following day ( the 23 rd ) the Prussian troops quartered in Kceferthal marched also into Mannheim ; but , after a few hours' rest , they left hi pursuit of the enemy , who , by the latest accounts , was in the vicinity of Xeckarsternach . The armed patriots of _Bhenk-hT Bavaria have joined those of Baden , pursuant to the plan of Mieroslawski . By the capture of Hirschhorn , the Prussians gained possession of six pieces of artillery . It is not exactly known where General von Hirschfeld has pitched his head-quarters , but probably at Wiesloch . The corps under General von der Groben met with a determined resistance at Ladenburg , but they succeeded iu getting possession of the town , _thous-h not at first ofthe bridge ,

      which was strongly barricaded and defended on the side opposite to Ladenburg by seven pieces of artillery . The next day , however , the patriots threatened by the advance of Prussian and Bavarian troops in all directions , abandoned the bridge , over which , shortly afterwards , the Prussians crossed to Heidelberg , the garrison of which had previously withdrawn . The Prince of Prussia has issued the following proclamation : — " As the insurgents in the grand duchy of Baden continue to organise an armed resistance to the troops assembled on the frontiers for the purpose of restoring the legitimate government , and as they have already opposed them in battle , I hereby declare , as commander-in-chief of

      the Prussian army sent for the above purposes to Baden , that the entire grand duchy is placed under martial law . Accordingly , all persons inthe grand duchy of Baden endangering or injuring , by tra' - _torous proceedings , the troops under my command , are amenable to the military tribunals . The respective commanders of the army corps are empowered to take the necessary steps , and to confirm the sentences of death . " The Prussians have also taken possession of _Bruehsal . The journals favourable to the insurrection depict in glowing terms the ardour of the republicans , and their readiness to make all kinds of sacrifices for the cause .

      The French government received the following telegraphic despatch from Strasburgh : — ' Carlsruhe was occupied on Monday by the Prussians . Two Baden regiments passed over to their side . The insurgents are concentrating themselves at Rastadt . The Provisional goveniment withdrew last night from Offenburgh to Friburgh . '

      WAR Ef HUNGARY . A letter of the 13 th inst ., from Cracow , in thc Breslau Gazette , mentions an afiair between the vanguard of the Magyars and the Russians within the _Galician frontier , at Jordanow . The Russian Col . Megden was killed . 200 Cossacks were cut off and taken prisoners . _'" - _'¦« Another letter of the 15 th inst ., fropa Cracow , mentions , as a report , an engagement in the Eng pass , between thc advanced guard of the Russians and Bern . The Russians , numbering G , 000 , were beaten .

      REroKTED Defeat of tite Russiaxs . _—xuzsxa , Jcxe 16 . —The great new 3 is a tremendous encounter with the Hungarians . The Austrians and Russians are said to have been completely defeated , and to have left on the field the fabulous number of 23 , 000 killed . This battle took p lace on the 13 th , 14 th , and 15 th , in the large plain between Raab and Weisclburg . It lasted sixty-four hours . The loss ofthe Magyars is stated at 8 , 000 . The Austrians were commanded by llaynau , the Russians by Rudiger , and the Hungarians by Georgey . _^ Another affair , which must not be confounded with the above , and which was referred to in our

      Vienna letter -riven on Wednesday , is mentioned m letters from Presburg as having occurred at Czorna . A _brigade was sent by Schlick from Oedcnhurg , ¦ und er General Wyss , in that dkection . General Wvss was taken prisoner , and . the-. . Uhlan Colonel , Baron Zessner , killed . Schlick sent out this brigade to cover his ri _<** ht flank as he was marching to Raab . Itwasbeaten ° on the 13 th instant . Some reports represents this whole brigade as haymg been destroyed ; others say that 4 , 000 men have deserted , en ' _. _vnsse , from S chlick to the Magyars . What is certain / carts of wounded for three fdays have oeen continually pouring into Presburg and the places

      about . „ . , , , _,,, - Tiexxa , Jdxe 17 . —The news oi the great battle by Raab is not confirmed . On the other hand , the defeat of the Wyss brigade is established beyond doubt , _together with all the details given yesterday . This severe blow to the Austrians is the consequence of their infatuated supposition that the Hungarian people arc really on their side , and _desu-e a restoration of the old state of things .- The disaster of TVveb avoso from his trusting smaU detachments anion- - - * a hostile population . There is no other Hungarian news worth relating . v , * particulars taken

      The following interesting are from a Breslau paper :- " The cause ofthe unwonted delay in commencing operationsis to _besought for hi the remarkable circumstance that the plan of one-ration as agreed upon in common bythe Russian SS , feneral officers -has _ten be toyed to _Jhe Ma _g yars , which is visible by the peculiar _distnbutiS their forces . How this treachery was aSm plSied is still a secret , but there is au mevitabScessity for drawing , up a new plan for the camnai"n ; and this , too , is connected with great ' SS- because already in the first phin afl _nathese must not

      _dS _^ u _plelecond adjantages _^ drawmgup -sue the fundamental idea of _condSs ta $ a on by the Russians when their f S S _SS _hls ? nffe ? ed bomb _^ ment lous city ° _" _^ er ; arrison of . _Peterwardem , while from the - _* S ? _- _^ . f ' " - ; " ... _ r e Deen exercised the most _^ abommabfc _^ _fj _^^^ des under _JeU f _YfLu-h _JhTstreets for several days in _suc-Son _Sat _^ was entered by the Ban on the

      11 2 l * -M _* _,- _«» _* r- seem determined to hold Raab at all The _Magyar- seem 10 _, 000 men with , forty cost . n _« _f _^ _Xatre on the promenade is encannon . _^ _. _^ _Se Yie nna gate and the corn trenched , as well as _^^ " drawbridge thrown magazine hard by . JJ _» . m r of theMagyars _across . the moat . _^^ Hnchstrass , nnder part is between Br uckel anu _,. Siff _&^ B _^ _iw Epine ,

      Foreign Intelligence. (Concludedfrom The...

      After his defeat at ~ Ka . cz , Perczel retreated to Thercsiopel ; — The _Pra-re _* * states that the corpse of Gen . Wyss , whose brigade was annihilated bythe Hungarians near Czorna , has been found . Letters from Bruck of the 17 th inst . in the 'Kolner Zeitung' state that the Hungarians are concentrating large masses of their troops in the -vicinity of Oedenburg , whence it is feared they will make an attack upon Vienna . A corps of Russians has consequently marched from Bruck to Oedenburg , and preparations have been made to destroy the railroad from Oedenburg to Neustadt , and thence to Yienna , to prevent the approach ofthe Hungarians _,, incase they should succeed in defeating the combined Imperialist forces at Ocdenbursr . The

      Hunfarians have meanwhile taken possession of Altcnurg _* . They occupy the whole territory between the Dauube and the _JTeusiedel Lake and Friedberg . Our last advices confirm the annihilation of the corps of General Wyss ; and it appears , from the statements of the iiobicr Zeitung , that the operations of General Schlick have been attended with equally unsatisfactory result ' s : Field-Marshal Haynau , intending to make up for thb small defeats which the Austrians had suffered on the island of Shuts on the 6 th , 7 th , and 9 th inst ., marched on the 12 th a strong corps to Vajka , and advanced on the 13 th on the banks bf the Danube , while General Schlick had been ordered to cross the Danube to

      occupy Wieselberg , and to subdue the city of Raab . General Schlick was preparing to obey these orders , when be found himself suddenly surrounded by a superior number of Hungarians , who attacked him with great violence , andtook fourteen field-pieces , besides forcing him , on the 15 th , to recross the Danube , arid to retire to tho vicinity of Altenburg . Above 500 men of General Schlick _' s corps , most of them natives of Galicia , deserted to thc Hungarians . Field-Marshal Haynau _, finding himself unsupported by Schlick ' s corps , regained his former position . Galicia . _—Jfews from Cracow to the 10 th . —The son of Dembinski has been arrested , at the order ofthe Imperial cabinet .. He is to be a hostage , and Russia caused the step to be taken . ,

      POLAND . Warsaw . —The Czar intends to take up his residence at Warsaw , where the corps diplomatique have already arrived from St . Petersburg . The Prussian envoy has gone there for the purpose of conveying the assent of the Prussian court to a new policy relative io Poland ; for there is no longer a doubt that the Polish movement which is on the eve of breaking out will commence in the Prussian provinces of Posen . The report spread throughout the grand duchy that that province will be soon occupied by the Russians appears to have been invented for the purpose of misleading the peasantry , who aro already in a great state of excitement , in wliich the Polish nobility and clergy uphold them .

      CANADA . Montreal , June 7 . _~ The greatest excitement has prevailed throughout the city for the past two days , in regard to the tone assumed by the English papers relative to Canadian affairs . With the issue of the city papers this morning , containing full details , the excitement was intense . The party in fayour of annexation calls more loudly than ever , and the greatest indignation and disgust prevails among the ultra-Loyalists . Appearances in the lower provinces seem to justify the supposition that no appeal to arms will be made just yet . The principal men ofthe Tory party desire that the result of the mission of Sir Allan M'Nab should be known before ulterior measures be resorted te . It is found , however , exceedingly difficult to calm the lower orders . The news will hurry on the National Convention .

      Were his Excellency to _appear in this city , so frightful are the threats uttered against him , that it is feared he would be murdered . Should this feeling not subside , he may not be safe even at Monklands . It Is in Tain , howeYer , to predict what an hour may bringforth .

      UNITED STATES . The war between Austria and the Hungarian has excited deep interest among the Hungarians , Poles , and thfir descendants in this country , so much so that petiti _> ns are now in progress of signature praying the government of the United States to recognise the " independence of Hungary , " as a separate nation . It is not probable , however ,, that President Taylor and his Cabinet will act hastily in the matter . In the meanwhile two great meetings have been held on the subject , one in New York and the other in Philadelphia . I send you brief reports of both , as the proceedings are calculated to interest European readers .

      The meeting at New York was held in the large room - of the Shakespeare Hotel , of the Hungariaus and other Gent ians or thi I city , for tho purpose of sending a deputation to Hungary with a flag , as a token of admiration of that nation's valour , and devoted love of liberty : also , to take into consideration the best mode of aiding them in their struggle _against despotism . The chairman read an address to Kossuth , to accompany the _flajr , in the German language . The flag , which is in preparation , is to have a likeness of Kossuth on one side , and of Washington on the other , with the inscription' " Liberty , " glory , independence . " Itis to be a tricolour of green , red , anri white .

      A committee was appointed to draw up resolutions for the intended meeting . Ths Philadelphia meeting was very numerously attended , and the proceedings were ofa more decided character than those of the meeting in New York . The following resolutions were adopted unanimously : — " Whereas , it has always uniformly been the practice of the American people to hold meetings of sympathy with all people who have been _struggling for the advancement of Republican principles ; and " * Whereas , we recognise the desire of liberty as one of the first impulses of the human heart , and that he alone is worthy of the rich boon who has the _courage to defend it ; and , __ " Whereas , we recognise in the present struggle of the Italian people earth's noblest spectacle , man contendingagainst tyranny established by the custom of ages : therefore ,

      " Resolved , 1 : That as freemen , enjoying the inestimable . blessing of free institutions , purchased by the _pat-iotism of our fathers , we cannot do less than extend the sympathies of our natures to our suffering brethren of Italy , and detest with all the feelings of generous hearts the usurping cruelty of the French government . " Resolved , 2 : That every generous American should extend the hand of brotherly kindness to any ponionof God ' s people struggling for the valuable rights of _nian . " Resolved , 3 : That a committee of five be appointed to confer with committees from other districts of the city and county of Philadelphia , for the purposes of moving , at an early day , a mass meeting of the citizens in Independence-square . "

      Rev . J . L . Burrows , J . S . Fletcher , A . C . Rankin , and O . Cornman , made ahle addresses , and on motion , the assemblage adjourned , to meeton Thursday night . . . It is contemplated to hold a ' mass meeting m the Park , New York ; and I ob crye that a New York journal recommends the establishment of an association , to be called the " Society of Human Freedum , " the object of which would be to promote human freedom in all nations , so far as may be compatible with national treaties . That dreadful scourge , the Asiatic cholera , continues its ravages with incieased mortality . At St . Louis the deaths are from 100 to 200 per week . At New Orleaus as many . At Cincinnati , rather tewer , but still numerous ; and so in nearly all the western towns * and cities . It is fearfully destructive alon _^ the lower Mississippi and among theplantations . and

      also among the emigrants to California . " In mas there are several towns in universal mourning ; some places having lost more than half their inhabitants within a frw days ' - General Worth died of the pestilence in Texas , and General Gaines , senior officer m the " United States army has since become a victim , after an hour ' s illness , in New Orleans * . Several of the leading railway lines cairy cholera medicine * , to administer to any passengers that might be attacked with cholera - This city , I" am happy to say , has , thus far , been visited very lightly , and the public authorities are taking every necessary precaution . New York has suffered severely . The cases in that city , last , week , were 242 ; deaths 90 . Tbe latter vary from ten fo twenty per day . Boston , Brooklyn , Albany , and Buffalo , have been lightly ¦ affected as . yet' but we fear' an' increase ' all over the country , with the excessive heats of summer . - The _Vn-gmia T _^ _ikfnre have removed precipitately irom

      Richmond to Fanquier Springs , > consequence ot the prevalence of cholera in that city . The late Presi _; dent , Mr . Polk , is dangerously ill of the cholera at Nashville . _ . „ .. ' . 3

      - - INDIA . ; : The express from Agra has brought informa'fion , that Moolraj is to be tried at Lahore b y commission , consisting of Mr . C . J . Mansel , Mr . _^ Montgomery _, and Brigadier Godby . No fewer than _^ brce _nundred witnesses are , itis said , on the roll for examination _, and f the evidence of all be , taken , _tnt S wUl _beproti-acted to a length se dom witnessed "Sis counfry _, and which wiU finj its on y _parallel in the proceed ngs against some ofthe . tiaitors m Trelan- - _^^ Judging from the feelmg disp _^ d against Hooka ] , I think it is very probable he will be hanged , if found guilty . w

      „„ . """*""* . CHINA . n A _NTON —After the April expedition of 184 % a _^^ £ _* _£ _Str-teft _£ mea t ;—

      Foreign Intelligence. (Concludedfrom The...

      "At twelve o ' clock on the 8 th of . ibis month : J respectfully received from the Great Emperor the foll owing expression of his will regarding the matter which I had represented to him by a specif-1 express —that your nation , namely , was deliberating about entering the city : — "' Cities are erected to protect the people ; itis by protecting- the people that the kingdom is preserved .. That : to whicli the . hearts : of the people incline is that on which the decree of Heaven rests . "' Now , the people of Kwang-tung are unanimous and _deieiiuiued that they willnot have foreigners enter the city—how can I post up everywhere my Imperial order , and force an opposite course . upon the _poople ? The Chinese _government cannot -io against the people in order to comply with the wishes of men from afar . Foreign governments also ought to examine the

      feelings of the people , and to allow . free course to the energies of the : merchants . You must rigorously repress the native banditti , and not allow , them to take advantage of the opportunity to . create disturbances and trouble among my people . The foreign merchants come from afar over the great ocean , all to dwell in . peace , and be happy in pursuing' their business ; you _diighv also to extend tlie same protection to them * so . shall the blessing of harmony be _perpetualj . and abundant , and all will enjoy a perfect tranquillity . ' Respect this . '• . . "• You will perceive that the language which I used at the late Conference with your Excellency did not spring from an obstinate adherence to iny own views _. The Imperial pleasure which I have , received from afar does not differ from this determination of the public—a necessary communication . " .

      The Miners Of The North." Durham.—At The...

      THE MINERS OF THE NORTH . " Durham . —At the delegate moetin ' gof the 'Miners of Northumberland and Durham , held at the ( 3 royhound ' Inh , C \ d y Path , Durham , on Saturday / June 23 rd , the following resolutions . wore agreed to ' : — " That a district . public meeting of the Miners in the Wear Collieries take place on Pittingtoh Hill , on Saturday , June 30 th ; chair taken at three o ' clock in the afternoon . " ; " That a district . publie meeting of the Minors of the Auckland district , be held on the Butts , Bishop Auckland , on Saturday , June 30 th ; chair taken at two o ' clock . "

      - 'Thata district public meeting take place on Saturday , June 30 th , at the Avenue Head , S ' eaton Deleval ; chair taken at five o ' clock . ' "That the chairmani M . Jude , write to Mr . Barratt , secretary of the United Trades , for thirty copies of the rules of that Association . " " That Thomas Bell and William Dawson . be the lecturers for the Tync collieries for the ensuing fortnight ; _, and that . Emblotoiv Stoves , Wilson , and Hardy lecture for the same period in the . - . Wear and Tees collieries . " ' It having been stated that tho owners of Byer ' s

      Green Colliery had ejected from their houses about thirty _meni who would not sign the inirjuitous document—the " new bond " - _^ which conditions that any man entering tho union shall losc . _iis .. employment , it was resolved , " That each , delegate use his utmost exertions to get them proper support ; and that the thanks of \ the delegates , aro . due to the Cowper miners for the advance of £ 1 10 s . for that purpose ; and it is hoped other collieries will imitate so praiseworthy an . example . " "That a delegate meeting be held on Saturday , July 7 th , at Thomas Greener ' s , sign of the Cock , Newcastle . Chair , taken at eleven o ' clock a . m . " . M . Jude , Chairman .

      Mazzixi, The Romax Triumvir.—We Give The...

      Mazzixi , the Romax Triumvir . —We give the following interesting account of one of the most remarkable men , of our times , froni 'the . ' _ihvet-jii-ra ' Advertiser : — " In the mingled moderation and dignity—the 'hi gh and unswerving resolution whicli have characterised the councils and proceedingsand in the eloquence and cogency of argument and statement , which have marked . the manifestoes and other formal documents of the Roman Triumvirate , may he traced the hand , and the presiding genius of tho Triumvir , Joseph Mazzini , who is unquestionably the man of the crisis , and a greater or a worthier than whom old Rome never produced in her hours of peril . This gentleman is the same whose correspondence was so basely tampered with

      some years ago , by Sir James Graham—when , in _foi'getfulnoss alike bf his " character of a British minister , and the honour of an English gentleman , ho stooped to become the instrument of the vile espionage , of Austria and the Pope ; and thus added a new descriptive phrase . to'thp English language , not likely soon to die out , the ' Grahaming of letters . ' During many years of exile , Mr . Mazzini was a resident in the British metropolis , enjoying the respect and esteem of all who knew him , and supporting himself by his contributions to the leading periodicals and journals . By his industry and ability he hot only ' earned an honourable independence , hut was helpful to many . ' of his less fortunate countrymen ; and the unwearied zeal and labour which he

      evinced in behalf of the schools established for the benefit ofthe crowd of outcast Italian boys , brought over to London will not soon be forgotten .. Very shortly , boforo he was summoned from these peaceful and beueficcnfc labours , to play so distinguished a part in the great drama of Italian affairs , he contributed a series of papers , still remembered for their singular power and justness of view , to Lowe ' s Edinburgh _ilia < _jr _«» - ' ii _* - ' ( theh under the management of . the present writer ) ,- under the title of * The Pope and the Italian Question . ' . It is interesting now to look back upon them , and note the accuracy with which all his leading predictions have been verified . If only permitted to work out his plans much might be hoped for the future of Rome . " ¦ -.

      The Tex IIoubs BiLr ,. —A . numerous meeting of factory operatives was held in Manchester . on Tuesday evening , for the purpose of " taking into consideration the best means of maintaining the Ten Hours Act , and also ol putting an end to violations of its provisions by masters who aro working by relays or shifts . " ' ' Mr . Tear , Mr . Charles Bctron , Mr . Philip Kni ght , and other factory workers , took part in the proceedings , and earnestly pressed the meeting to unite with" the factory hands generally in an agitation for preventing tho carrying on of the relay or shift system . - A resolution , protesting against tho system , as a manifest violation ' of the Ten Hours Act , and as calculated "toplace the adult factory hands inthe mostdeplorablo condition , as they may

      be compelled to work any number of hours that the violators of the Ten Hours Act may think proper , " was carried unanimously , as were other resolutions , pledg ing the meeting to maintain and protect the Ten Hours Act from all attempts now being made to violate it , " and also to contribute the necessary pecuniary assistance for its due protection . " . The feeling among the factory hands against the relay systcm is ' becoming stronger every day in all p arts of the district . . ' . .. ' _- Resistaxce to _OrritESSiox a Sacked Duty . —To resist wrong , even though it be clothed with a lie , calling itself _«* law" or " " order , " is the universal rig ht and duty of humanity ; ' even to oppose evil is the part of every right thinking man . If an eneiny invades our country shall we not take arms in its

      defence *? If they conquer and hold us in bondage for a thousand years or more , doth this give them a right to govern us ? If then , and not till then , wo acquire strength to repel their aggression , shall we lie dobaiTcd from using that strength to recover our freedom , because formerly we were weak and unable to resist Usurpation . Or if . from' unknown times wc have been enslaved , and our masters are of our own race , is this a reason for the continuance of slavery ? Doth evil become good through long supremacy ? When the oppressors are wrestling with thoir oppressors , he , who succoureth them not to the utmost of his ability , is a participator in tho crime of the tyrant . . _CoMruLSonv Pke-Paymext of Betters by _SiAxirs

      —The announcement that the Postmaster-General had . determined to close thc provincial town receiving-houses against letters pre-paid by money , is most important , as exhibiting tho policy ofthe Post-office authorities to gradually compel . the ' public to use stamps in order to ' diminish tholaboui- of their '¦ officials ) and thus save . the national expenditure . All late letter fees , the postage on all letters sent by midday , ' must , ' even now , bo pre-paid by stamps , and in a few days every one of the hundreds of town receiving-houses in the kingdom - will refuse all letters , even thoso for foreign ' parts , unless they are prc-paid . by stamps . The - ¦ ' _Cnors . —From all parts , * East , West , North , and Sbiith ; the _' reports concerning the crops of Great

      Britain and Ireland are most favourable . Tlio Tumours of potato' blight in Ireland have ceased to prevail ,-and each day the accounts abate nothing of their joyful but cautious toner Similar good ' news comes generally from the . Western . countries of Europe—from Frarioe , Belgium , and Western Germany ; biit from Southern Russia thei _; e are accounts of great famine , and * of an apparent * failure , even thus early , of the cereal crops . Saw Y'oii EVEii' sucn a Saw?—A wag sawing with a saw . that ; was . not the sharpest in the \ vorlu after trying vainly to saw with it , broke out at last as follows : — ' Of all the saws that I ever saw saw , I never saw a saw saw as that saw saws . "

      A Gentleman;—There have been , many definitions of a gentleman , but the prettiest and most poetic is that given by a . girl in New York . . " . A . gentleman , "' said she ; "is a human being combining a woman ' s tenderness with a man ' s courage . " Elihu Burritt , the American " Peaoe" advocate , is understood to be in pecuniary difficulties , caused by the small sale of-the numerous works in which he is interested , f Elihu is a canting dodgciv H he is not lazy , let him go work at the anvil . We aro heartily glad to hear that the public aro too sensible to purchase his printed trash . - ¦ : _--. - . . The Duke of _Norfolkjs famous speech about curry powder has almost been equalled _, by an oration delivered at the Fermoy board of guardians , in which a noble earl said that the workkoUSO was much top comfortable ., Tho Dublin J' _^ . recommends lus lordship to try the experiment of _hving on twopence 1 and a _half-fai'thing a day .

      , Mtyexial Ftarlfamtntt

      _, _Mtyexial _ftarlfamtntt

      Monday, June 25. House Of Lords.-Dipioma...

      MONDAY , June 25 . HOUSE OF LORDS _.-Dipioma tic _Relations with SPAIN . —The Earl of Aberdbkn brought the state of . our diplomatic relations with Spain before the attention of the House . It wag now more than a year since thc Spanish government , acting on the sincere conviction tbat its - "existence was endangered by the policy of personality - and hatred pursued towards it by onr Secretary for Foreign Affairs , dismissed with indignity the British Minister at Madrid —a step which was followed by ths cessation of all diplomatic intercourse between the two countries . Since . that time , however , lie believed that tho Spanish government had repeatedly expressed its

      desire to . malce the most ample _reparation to England con _> istent _! y with its honour , and he saw no reason , if that desire were met on our side in a proper spirit , why a mutual good understanding should not be arrived at forthwith . , There , could not be a _donb ! that the existing Spanish government had shown that itihad both tbe power and the will to govern the country in peace and tranquillity during a period of the greatest revolutionary excitement , and it was on the eve of amending its tariff on a principle which _wouhl admit our manufactures at much more moderate duties than _thf-se at present in force . Wi h these . observations he _begged to ask the Marquis of Lansdowne whether there was any prospect of a speedy renewal of our diplomatic and friendly relations with the Spanbh government .

      Ihe Marquis of , I . ansdownb replied that if the Earl of Aberdeen knew that the Spanish government had offered satisfactory reparation for their conduct towards the British Minister at Madrid , all he ( the Marquis of Lansdowne ) could say was that to his knowledge no such offer had been made . v He would not enter into the other questions broached by the noble Earl , but would simply remark that lhe concessions about to be made by the Spanish tariff were the necessary consequence of thespiead of those more enli ghtened maxims of finance which wera every day becoming more widely extended in Eurr . pe . And he trusted the same good sense which would be

      perfectly _consistent with tlieir honour , would lead to . the admission that they had been misled and mis-informed , as they no doubt were at the time , with respect to the personal conduct of Sir H . Bulwer . No dishonour , cou'd possibly attach to such a course and if it . wire " pursue- ! it would speedily be seen that there was no disposition on the part of the British government to exact any thing more than the admission of their having bien misinformed . The noble marquis slso , in some explanatory observations , detailing communications with the French government on the subject of the original intimation of sending the expedition to Rome , laid the several papers on the table .

      Portpatrick _anh DoNAGiunEE . —The Marquis of LoNnoNDERRY moved the appointment of a select committee— -To inquire and examine into the expediency and advantage of removing the post-office packet station and _communication between the south-west of Scotland and the north of Ireland ; and to ascertain the . public grounds upon which the safe sea passage of eighteen miles be 1 ween the _harbours of Portpatrick and Donaghadee is to be now abandoned , and those harbouw which have cost the country nearly - £ 400 , 000 consequently ruined , in order , for the sake of a trifling saving , to substitute along sea voyage of ninety miles from Greenock to

      Belfast , which is now the object proposed by her Majesty ' s government , and to report thereon to the house . Aftersome general observations on thft subject , the noble marquis concluded by imploring their lordsbips to grant thc inquiry . The poor inhabitants on both sides of the channel had petitioned for a continuance of this means of communication , and he trusted a favourable answer would be returned to them , for the people naturally trusted much to her Majesty ' s great munificence and liberality . Would the government but advise her Majesty to visit Ireland , there would be raised such a cry of joy from one end of tbe country to tlie othen tiiat party feeling would he entirely forgotten .

      'lhe Earl of Cawdor moved the addition of the words , " and also to inquire into the reasons which led to the abandonment of the project of Post-office communication between Milford Haven and Waterford . " The Earl of Haddington , from what had taken plnceon thc subject when he was First Lord of the Admiralty , thought it one fit for inquiry . The Marquis of Clakricardb entered into a statement of the course whicli had been pursued , and the official inquiries instituted- on the subject . The question had been thoroughly considered by theoffis cers whose duty it was to examine into it ; and it wa , not for the purpose of saving a few thousand poundsbut with a view to the public service , that these packet stations at Portpatrick and Donaghadee were proposed to be abandoned .

      The Lavl of _Uallowat thought sufficient reasons had been adduced to show that a preliminary inquiry was necessary . : Marquis of _LoNnosniiBRY _, - from the thinness ofthe House , thought he should * be defeated on a division , and would therefore withdraw his motion . On the motion of Lord _Cami-hei . _** ,, the Encumbered Estates - ( Ireland ) Bill was ' re-committed , _jji-o forma , the nob ' e and learned lord stating that on the third reading he should move an " amundmimt _relativa to the final and conclusive decision of the

      commissioners in certain causes . Earl Gret laid a bill on the ta _^ lo to provide for the _administr-ition of justice in Vancouver's _Island-Om thc motion of the Marquis of Ci . anrica . roe tlie Grand Jury Cess ( Ireland ) Bill was read a third time , and their lordships adjourned . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Mr . T . S . _Duncombi * presented ai petition praying for a measure for the regulation of mines and collieries ; another praying for the establishment of home colonies ; and another complaining of the officersin the department of the Woods and Forests . Coliiei'Y Explosions . —Mr . Wvld wished to ask the right hon . gentleman tlie Secretary of State for the Home Department , wh « therhe had received any official intelligence respecting the colliery explosion at St . Helen ' s , Lancashire , last Saturday ; and also when itwas his intention to lay on the table ofthe Ilouse the papers containing the government ' s course of action regarding the inspection of collieries ?

      Sir G . Grey , replied that no official intelligence had yet been _received of the explosion in question ; aud was understood to say that the papers alluded to were in the House , and would be laid on the table . Transportation for Trkason Bill . —The order of the day forthe third reading of this bill having been read , Mr . Napier , on the ground that the bill was either totally unnecessary , or totally unconstitutional , moved that it be read a third time that day three months . Mr . _SroaNER seconded the motion , and _contended that it was an infraction of the constitution to pass an ca _^ ost / acto law , the effect of which would be to aggravate , and not to _mitigate , tho punishment . At any rate , the bill was an inroad ' on the constitution , its object being to remove the doubts of persuns wiio should have been still left in a state of doubtinsr .

      Colonel Rawdon bore testimony to the upright conduct of Mr . W . S . O'Brien in that House , and called attention to the fact that , six years ago , that person had moved ibr a committee on the state of li eland , which was _supported by all the - . members of the present government . While all the grievances under which Irelaud then laboured , the College of Maynooth excepted , ' still remained unredressed , he thought " that these circumstances ought to be taken into _ciinsideratioii in legislating in this case . ' Sir G . _Giiuf denied that the bill would enable the government to aggravate , and not mitigate thc punishment . Let tlie House say whether , or-not imprisonment for life , as a condemned felon , was not a severer punishment than transportation . [ iMr _& _ii'ri & LiTY or the _1-Vress . —Tho following is tlio " Times" Report of Mr . _O'Connor ' s reply to Sir _GiiQiiG *! fGriiisy : —

      Mr . F . O Connor said , that when they considered how hastily the bill had passed the other House , and how hastily it had been discussed in that House , whilst those persons who had had the subject under their patient consideration entertained a doubt upon it , he thought : it would be but fair for the House maturely to consider it before they gave their sanction to this bill .. : _¦ _- . . ' The . following is from our own Reporter : ]—Mr . -O ' . CoNKoit said , as he had before stated , he had refrained from talcing any part in tho debate , lest a single word falling from hiin mi g ht injure the case of those . gentlemen who had been so ably defended by the hon . and learned member for the University of Dublin . He had listened very attentively to the respective quibbles of the several-professional gentlemen who had taken a prominent " armed

      part in the debate ; hut he was not with any legal grounds for opposing the measure , however strong the constitutional grounds were , until ho heard the astounding admission of the right hon . Secretary for the Home Department , who had just addressed the House . ( Hear , hear . ) Now , what were the arguments of that rig ht hon . gentleman ? - "Wh y , lie admitted that , while the legal lords in another place , aud the Attorney-General in that House , had assented to ibs provisions hastil y , upon the ground of mercy , and while those j udicial . functionaries and tlie Attbrney-Gell 0-ral had no doubt as to the power of the Crown to substitute transportation for death , without any such enactment , ' that , nevertheless , the Bill was considered necessary in coilsequence of the grave doubts entertained b y . the ' Irish law advisers of the Queen's repre-

      Monday, June 25. House Of Lords.-Dipioma...

      sentative . ( Hcary ' ftear . J "Well , _ilieh , what was the _legitimate * inference to be drawn from such an admission ? Was it not that the professional gentlemen engaged in this case from its commencement , and possessing the best means of applying the law as it stood , did see a doubt , _anii that the very preamble , of this bill admitted the doubt —( hear , _lieaj' } -r-H"liiIe the law lords and Attorney-General saw no doubt . Then where the necessity for the bill at all ? . or wh y set off the squinting and hasty view taken b y the judicial lords-and the Attorney-General , against the grave consideration of those _Jog-al functionaries who have . ' had the management of the case fi-om U _» _mmmeiini-

      ment , and who must have deepl y and maturel y considered it with reference to the existing state of the law as regards- the royal prerogative ? ( Hear , hear . ) He quite _agreed with the hon . member for Warwickshire ( Mr . Spooner ) as to the imprudent , and , he would add , injudicious course pursued by the- Irish members in the debate . ( Hear , hear . ) It had merged into a perfect Irish row , all thought of those who were most concerned being lost in a bit of--vanity- or selfish feeling ( Hear , hear . ) He had before expressed his opinion as to the prudence of leaving the matter in tho hands of the able and consistent member for thc University , who had had the management of the case from the _commencement , and again he said , that any attempt to

      take it out of his hands ; would'but ,, injure his clients . ( Hoar , hear . ) Ho had heard various opinions expressed b y professional gentlemen , who took a part in the debate ; all wore ' equally confident as to the soundness of their views , while it was quite certain that though all boasted of great professional knowledge , - some had but a very limited practical experience . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) Ho had his own opinions with regard to the legal question , but he had abstained from stating them for the reasons be f ore assigned , namely , lost he might injudiciously injure where lie was anxious to serve ; ( Hear , hoar . )* However , ho would conclude as ho commenced , by asserting that the right hon . gentleman ( Sir G . Grey ) had established the strongest possible grounds for rejecting this bill . ( Hear , hear . )

      Mr . S . Crawford opposed the bill as dangerous to the constitution both in England and in Ireland , and urged that if there , we ' re any doubts in the case , they ought to be solved in favour ol' the prisoners . Mr . Reynolds contended that those who opposed the bill , only desired that the parties to whom it referred might be confined within tlie realm , " during hei * Majesty ' s pleasure , or that _srnie _le-sser punish ment might be inflicted on them . On a division the amendment was negatived by a majority of 132 , the numbers 27 to 15 _'J , and tho bill was read a third time . _¦'" . ¦ ' . . . ' Mr ; Anstev moved an amendment to tiie effect that the prisoners should be confined during the Queen ' s pleasure or banished . After somo observations from , the _AirbRxr-v Gexei-ai ,, Dr . Power , and Mr . Dixox , the amendment was negatived by a maioritv of 125 , the numbers 26 to 141 .

      On the question that the bill do pass , ¦''' . ;' Mr . Lawless recommended to tho government the -expediency of pursuing a merciful course towards Mr . W . S . O'Brien . Lord J . Russell said , however much tho government might have been tempted during' tho debates on this measure to have referred , to ' the * , offences therein dealt with as of the hi g hest order of guilt-, nothing had fallen from them in aggravation , and believing that if a lighter degree of punishment than that contemplated , were to be imposed on Mr . W . S . O'Brien , the peace and safety of' Ireland would he endangered , it was his determination to persist in carrying out the measure . Mr . Axstey put in a last word in favour of mercy and the bill passed .

      Poor Relief ( Ii * ei , a ; vd ) Bill . —The House then went for the second time into committee on the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , and was occupied during the rest of the evening with the discussion of the first ( or » _ta . _Ti » iu-n ) clause , and after dividing upon an amendment proposed by Mr . Stafford , _" which went to destroy the vitality ofthe clause , and which was negatived by 178 against 51 , ' the Chairman , on tlie motion of Lord J . Russell , reported progress , and obtained leave to sit again at twelve o ' clock on Tuesday . Mr . Hawes withdrew the Australian Colonies Bill ( which stood for second reading ) on account of an informality , and obtained-leave . to introduce another . The Juvenile _Ofpexders and Small Laecexies Bill was read a second time , after objections mnde by Mr . Pearson and Mr . _IIkntey _, the _consideration of * which was deferred until thc committee .

      ' On thc . order for the consideration of the . report oh the Cleucy Relief Bill , Mr . 33 r . o _* riiKi * . _-ro _>* moved that tho Ilouse adjourn , which was agreed to at a quarter past one o ' clock . TUESDAY , Juxe 26 . HOUSE OP LORDS . —Tho Royal assent wa given by commission to a great number of bills . The Bonouo it oi * Birminoiiam -Exemtoiox _fkosc Rates Bill . —Lord _Wiiauvcliffe brought forward this bill , but after a short discussion it was rejected by a majority of twenty-seven .

      _Parliamextary O . vnis Bill . —The Earl of G \ v _.-lisle moved tho second reading of this bill , and after remarking that it was * not identical with the measure rejected by the Ilouse last session , proceeded to state the grounds on which he thought it , entitled to tho favourable consideration of their lordships . The substanco of his argument was that unless there were some grounds of overpowering necessity to the contrary , in no" _4 | Pe ought civil disqualification to be attached to reli g ious opinions , and in sueh a spirit all recent legislative enactments on religious subjects had been framed , for the political disabilities of tho Roman Catholics and various classes of Dissenters had been successively abolished . The Jews , though admitted to municipal

      privileges , were the only religions community debarred of political rights ; but there was not , as far as ho could see , a single valid reason upon which they could be refused a seat in the House of Commons . The noble lord then combatted in detail tlie various objections against thc measure , and concluded au eloquent speech by moving that the bill be read a second time . _.- .. _-. ¦ The Earl of Eqlixtox admitted that thc lapse of years and the extinction of families might have rendered necessary somo alteration in the Parliamentary oaths , but the real object of this bill was to remove Jewish disabilities , and enable Baron Rothschild to sit for London . That constituency must have known that tho person thoy elected as thoir

      representative , however worthy-in-his private character and distinguished by worldly position , was really ineligible , because ho could not take the oaths prescribed by Parliament . This was , therefore , a retrospective measure . But he objected to it chiefly on religious grounds . Tho Jews suffered no persecution in this country ; but tlio solemn duty of their lordships was not to permit thoso who did not believe in Christ to legislate for a Christian Church and nation . He moved that the bill be read a second time that day three months . The Duke of _Clevelan-d . _thought after . Quakers , Moravians , and every class of Dissenters had boen admitted to seats in Parliament , it would be a great hardship and injustice to exclude Jews , being

      British-born subjects of her Majesty . The Archbishop of . _Caxxekbvky believed the effect of the bill would be to lower the character and obligations of members of-Parliament , by-making ifc a matter of indifference whether they belonged to the Christian communion . < The events , which had occurred within the last year made it imperative on their lordships to reject this bill . England stood in a peculiar position—a monument of freedom and social order—he did not hesitate to attribute her pro-eminonco among thc nations to her . national Christianity , which would be grievously affronted hy the admission of Jews to seats inthe ; Legislature .: . _-. ¦ _:: ¦¦ . ; _.-. - . . . "'¦ : -The Archbishop ' of-Dublin had always been a firm

      and unflinching advocate for the removal pt all religious . disabilities . It was inconsistent with the principles arid repugnant to the genius of Christianity that civil disqualifications , and penaltica should be imposed on thoso . who did not conform to it . Parliamentary clectoi' 3 should . be left . to decide for _thcmselyes the eligibility of Jews to-seats in Parliament ; their hands should bo tied by no restriction , which nothing b * at a strong public necessity _^ could justify , and . no such justification existed for the exclusion of the Jews . Their Lordships must either retrace their steps , and exclude from office all who did not belong to tho Established Church , or they must in consistency consent to tho abrogation of this last restriction .

      . Tho Bishop of Exeter opposed ; the bill . In a republic . ; every citizen had , an equal right to all franchises , distinctions , and offices , but ;; in a monarchy like . ours ,. which rested onadistinctcontract with the nation that the Sovereign should / ' maintain to the utmost the laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel , " no one had a constitutional right to any franchise or honour unless _;!^ could serve the Crown In those particulars to . which the monarch had pledged himself ; A Jew could not bo a faithful counsellor : to tho Crown m . maintaining the laws of God and the ' true profession ofthe Gos _* pel , and thcrofor c lie had no claim to tho distinction now sought for h ' " - " . , . * -, - .... - The Earl of _Siirkivsbury supported the . bill so lar , as it contemplated ' the emancipation of the Jew , but

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 30, 1849, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_30061849/page/7/