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hut w ci bee , was ^ pos of ¦ fen t W r ...
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a — ..[, II II , T-. — — g. VOL. 1. No. ...
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THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. M. Mazziai has addre...
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The Polish-Hungarian Refuqses. — On Thur...
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THE FALL OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. By Xavi...
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portion ait* Colonial fttfellisence
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FRANCE. < Prorogation of the Corps Legis...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE GENERAL ELECTION . nTrT v rTy OF THE ELECTORS AND NOS ELECTORS . rL - % _-ifliauieKbenTtoknow , to utter , and to argue freely nccord-51 The Fifteenth ' Imperial Parliament of Great THiU Britain and Ireland' is no more . Ti The la * H ° ° f Commons was essentially a , uSTO eoise Parliament , representing the interests of trad ' ' tradi and promoting the ascendancy of capital . It _/ udlflid bot little calculated to ameliorate the condition of a of any section of the community of labour ; it absolute lately ignored and denied the political aud social _nel _-iehts of thc great body of the people . * 1 * Its " ¦ mo' _deeds were _few _> _if aQ y _« _* _* * srere
_noi unmer ous and deeply-dyed . ] it passed a Gagging Bill to Muzzle the unrepre-- _« er = ented and wronged millions of Great Britain and Ik Ireland . * " * It euacted an Alien Bill , which though not put in ! into operation , waa designed for the persecution of th the friends of liberty , who , ' foreigners' to tbis co coantr v , might seek a home upon our shores . It sanctioned the employment of government spies to to excite the _starvicg and oppressed to a 'breach of ti tite Laws . ' , It covered the petitions ofthe people with contempt
a and scorn . __ It approved and applauded the imprisonment and t transportation of Englishmen and Irishmen , whose i sole crime was that of aspiring to give real freedom _i to their respective countries . It rejected the demand for Parliamentary Beform ; _i and its chiefs calumniated , and ridiculed the just i and holy principle of _TJshtersai , Suffrage , It refused to repeal the Taxes on Knowledge . It enacted a Military Conscription ( under the name of a ' Militia ') Bill , the leading features of which are , that the honours and emoluments of the new force will be monopolised by the rich , while to the poor will be left ' the blessed privilege' of the lash , and the option of _serving voluntarily or by compulsion as lighting ; men in defence of a country in which tier are as Pariahs , and in support of institutions
by which they are treated as slaves . It refused justice to our Colonial brethren . It turned a deaf ear to the people of the Ionian Islands and Ceylon , and treated their supplications for redress of cruel wrongs with contempt . Worse still , it sanctioned the atrocities of the tyrants of those countries , the British pro-consuls , Ward and TokRIxgtox , whose cruelties and crimes have linked their names with that woman-flogging hangman , the _eternallv-infamous _Hatsatj . It made no attempt to terminate the horrible contest raging in Kaffir-land . It has permitted the commencement of a new Burmese war . which will
cost the lives of thousands and , at the best , can only result in robbing the Burmese of their territory , without conferring advantage or benefit upon the ptople of this country . It embraced no one of the measures necessary to recover the alienated affections of the Australian people ; on the contrary , it allowed the shameles ¦ _u-inkeyis-n of a political adventurer—momentarily elevated to the post of minister—to add insult to injury . A renewal of the fratricidal struggle of eighty years since—a second dismemberment of the empire— ' looms in the future . ' The defunct Parliament gave no sign of sympathy with the European nations struggling for the recovery of their rights and the overthrow of domestic and foreign oppression .
lt permitted the assassination of the Roman Republic . It allowed the invasion and . subjugation of Hungary bv Russian arms . It left the Republic of Venice to _perish nnder the murderous blows and overwhelming force of Austria , in spite of that Republic ' s petition for British sympathy and British aid . Its chiefs of both factions ( Whig and Tory ) Jdared to applaud the cut-throat enormities ofthe traitorous assassin Bonaparte , and it did no * condemn their astounding baseness .
This criminal indifference to the cause of Liberty , this suspicions concurrence with Despotism , has been _verihii _y rewarded by attacks upon the persons of British ' subjects / and outrages npon tne national honour . At home , despite the vaunted blessings of Free Trade , thousands are continually flying from the country , and greater numbers would follow their example could they obtain the necessary means of shipment from their native shores .
In the colonies , disaffection abounds , and the idea is universal , that for the colonists there is no salvation but through a , forcible dismemberment from the mother country . On the continent England is regarded by the peoples as the accomplice of their tyrants , and by those tyrants is looked upon as a hypocritical pretender to liberalism—a mean-spirited , blistering , trafficker , only worthy of blows and insult . In accusing the late Parliament , it is unnecessary to _denouncs administrations—Whig or Tory . Minishies owe their character to tbat of the House of Commons . All the powers of the State—the Chief _Magistrate and her advisers , the House of Lords , the tailitary and civil forces , are all of them—from the Queen in her palace , to the soldier in hisaentry-boxsubordinate to tho House of Commons . If _mis-go-Ternmeat afflicts the empire , in whole or in part , the great misdemeanant is tile Lower Hoase of Parlia- _,
cent The House of Commons is the creature o the _general constituency , and reflects tbe sentiments of the « ectoral body . It reflects the corruption , the _selfish-J }« _s , the conservative tendencies , and the criminal _inference to right or wrong , pervading the great mass _^ the privileged possessors of the Parliamentary fran chise . I grant the existence of a minority both of _memk" of the late House of Commons ( exceedingly _* ) , and of the general constituent body , who _seetoore or less clearly—the injustice of existing institutions , and who entertain a ( moderate and ineffective ) _fesire to accomplish some change . But taking the _Se ctoral body as a whole , it own rottenness is but too _faithfull y represented by that of Parliament . But the electors are not alone to blame .
The masses , so mighty in combination , so omnipotent in united action , have it in their power to change tiie face of society , to uproot injustice , and establish equality whenever they will . Their criminal apathy _institutes the argument of oppression _; ' The slaves are content , or they wonld break their chains . ' . To whine aboat tyranny , to movable feebly of _^ gbts withheld , is but to parade abasement , and _^ rite contempt . Better the forced silence of _^ ustria * a victims ; better even the _brute-Bottishness of _Russia ' s serfs . The crushed are to be pitied , the _'gnar ant to be pardoned ; bnt who shall pity , who "are pardon , those who may speak , act , and be free ; _^ Awha prefer quietude , inaction , and therewith the
_^ _-sery of social wrong and the degradation of politi-V ° dage ? Eaougb of the past and present . The hoar of the ; alate is about to strike . The opportunity is given _^ _Bace tlie sham e banging over ns by flinging to the _?* 2 e the banner of Nahosai Justice , and _marf « ing under its glorious folds for the recovery of ** _£ Rights of ail . _^ croKs am ) ! Nox Electors : —• ion are asked by contending factions to give your Ji and your voices : — r .. _^ SecBro the triumph of Free Trade , _andexttr-^/ rotection . ' . repeal the Maynooth Grant , and resist Papal
\\ _ e _J ° _ar confidence to the Earl of Debut , cry to
3v ^£Hce—Ihhdtablb , Totters At^Ipattl,!...
ness that has heretofore been enlisted on the side of her counterfeit ? . Shall not the National Weal command a devotion at least equal to that , often ere now , accorded to Party ? 'Free Trade ? ' You have it . 'Protection ? ' It is no more . 'The Maynooth Grant ? ' It is a humbug . c Confidence in _Dekby V No I for he is the avowed sworn enemy of Democracy and Popular Pight . ' Support the Liberal Interest ? ' No ! for that interest is au organised hypocrisy , ' ' a delusion and a snare . ' _^ What portion have we in Derby ; what inheritance in the scion of Bedfokd ? ' To your tents , 0 Israel \*
Electobs—all you of the constituent body who acknowledge the oligarchical character ofthe existing representation , and profess to desire its real reform—Non-Electors , who suffer under the evils of oligarchical rule—an oligarchy of landlords and usurers—To you I appeal : you I adjure-To shake off jour apathy , and to unite at the approaching election to lay the foundation of a confederation , strong , honest , and earnest enough to put an end to the imposture of the existing system .
For that union there mast be some basis—some broad , well-defined , all embracing principle , on which to erect the superstructure of popular organisation . There is—there can be—but one such principle ; that of NATIONAL FRANCHISE ; the right of all exercised through those forms and appliances which the experience of mankind , and the wisdom of political philosophers have combined to declare necessary for the veritable exercise of Universal Suffrage . Let the unrepresented by their voices and their uplifted hands , let the honest electors by their votes , protest against the election , by a minority , of Legislators to make laws for the whole people . But let no barren protest end the work of the day . Let the good and true enter into a solemn league and covenant to win and establish the- Commonwealth of
Common Right . This onl y will enable us to obtain measures of regeneration , calculated to make our country ' great , glorious , and free—the emancipation of the soil , the abolition of pauperism , religious equality , national education , freedom of the press , reduction and readjustment of taxation , aid to emigrants , justice to the colonists , and active brotherhood towards all suffering and struggling nations . These can be accomplished only by , and through , National Representation—by the action of a Legislature founded upon the principle of All fob Each and Each for Ali . The Tory Premier has declared that his mission is to check the progress of Democracy—to stay the advance of the people to power .
His Whig rival has given nnroistakeable evidence of his design to repeat the Reform Bill delusion , avowedly to prevent the advent of Democracy . The leaders of the' Manchester School' favour a farther extension of the franchise to more securely garrison existing institutions against the encroachments of' the dangerous classes . ' With no one of these parties have the people anything in common . Radicals , who remember the paBt history and know the unchangeable character of Toryism-Chartists , who have suffered persecution at tbe hands of the treacherous Whigs—WorMng men , to whom—because of constantl y decreasing wages— ' the big loaf is a
mockery-Democrats , whose hearts yearn for the regeneration of the Human Race-Come from your homes and your workshops , from factory and from mine ; rally to the summons of DUTY , and show to those who wrong and degrade you that you will not longer tamely bear the brandmark of slavery . Prove to the world that you are not unworthy sons of the race by whom Europe was taught to love and to strive for freedom ; aud by whom was laid the foundations , broad and deep , ofthe Republican Empire of America . Testify that the spirit of 19 and ' 39 yet has a home in the hearts of the British proletarians . No battlejetfor Freedom ,
Was ever fought in vain In the bosom of merry England—Nor shall it be again ! L'AMI DU PEUPLE
Hut W Ci Bee , Was ^ Pos Of ¦ Fen T W R ...
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A — ..[, Ii Ii , T-. — — G. Vol. 1. No. ...
a — .. _[ , II II , _T-. — — g . VOL . 1 . No . 9 . LOUDON , SATDBDAY , JULY 3 , 1852 . . _SS _~ : _SS , ;
The Roman Republic. M. Mazziai Has Addre...
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC . M . _Mazziai has addressed the following letter to the'Daily News , 'in answer to a statement which will be found in another part of our columns ;—Sib , —In yoar paper of yesterday , 30 th of June , yonr correspondent from Rome writes , that ** vhen the Triamvirate imposed a forced contribution on the city of . Ferrara , the majority ofthe citizens refused payment , until the progress of events _brought back the Pope . ' It is a mistake . The history of the financial intercourse between the Republican Roman government and Ferrara . may be _summed up in a few words _ - Ferrara was , in 'February , 18 i 9 , suddenly , and without the slightest _frovocatiom , invaded by General Haynau ; threatened -with bombardment , and ordered to pay tothe Austriaus the sum of 206 , 000 seudi ; for which as fear ofa general insurrection induced llajnauto retreat , hostages belonging te tbe most distinguished families " were taken .
On the 21 st of February , the Roman Assembly decreed that damages inflicted by foreign invaders upon one town of the state , should be considered as inflicted upon all , and , aecordingly , shared by all . The decree was fulfiUed by the Executive . The Triumvirate wa * aot elected before the _S 3 tt » o £ _March . There never has been , under the Republican government , a tax levied especially on Ferrara . Ferrara did only share , proportionally , in the general burdens ofthe state . Your inserting this will greatly oblige , sir , your obedient servant , Joseph Mazzinl 25 , Radnor-street , Chelsea , July 1 .
The Polish-Hungarian Refuqses. — On Thur...
The Polish-Hungarian _Refuqses . — On Thursday evening , the 17 th ult , a meeting was held in the Exchange Rooms , No . 30 , to take into consideration the present depressed condition of the Refugees of this country . Letters of apology for non-attendance were lead from the Revs . B . Carpenter and W . R . Stevenson , the latter asserting tbat the condition of the destitute strangers on our soil was such as to arouse the sympathy of all good men . Mr . Aid . Birkin was called upon to preside . The first business done was to appoint the following gentlemen as a committee to superintend the relief of the Refugees : —Mr . A . Darby ( chairman ) , Rev . G . A . Syme ( secretary ) , and Messrs . Edmund flart , W . Hill , A . Wells , Jonathan Page , 6 . Gill , — . Whitley , and W . Stevenson . The Rev . G . A . Syme addressed the ' meeting , and began by reading a letter from Stanislaus Worcell , a distinguished Pole now in London , describing the distressed condition of tbe Refugees in that city , stating that though willing to accept auy kind of
employment , they found great difficulty in obtaining it , owing to their ignorance of the language and habits of this country . The rev . gentleman , in continuation , offered the following snggestions as to the mode of dealing with the matter , and the meeting came to the resolution of carrying them out . — None of the Refugees now iu the _town , to receive private _asssistance , but to be relieved by the committee while they hsd funds . When this was not the case , they were to furnish cards . No fresh Refugee to be taken under the protection of the committee , unless introduced by a majority of those now in the enjoyment of that privilege . The committee to find employment for a certain number of the Refugees , and to assist them till it be obtained . It was also stated by Mr . Syme that none of tbe four Refugees now in Nottingham want pecuniary assistance , they only require to be under the _protection of the committee . The sum of £ 2510 s . was subscribed to the Refugee Fund by gentlemen in the room . — Nottingham Paper .
Accmsst to Lobd Campbell . —On Thursday evening ; at about a quarter past eight o'clock , as Lord { Campbell was riding across Southwark-bridge , attended by his groom , his horse startled by the noise made by the gate on the Surrey side through which foot-passengers pass , became _restiff and threw bun- TLis Lordship was cut in the head by the fall , bnt is weBope , not otherwise seriously injured . He was _oonveved at once in a cab to his residence . _Gusoow as » Souiu Westers RAuwAT .-Return of traffic for the week ending Juue 26 : —Receipts £ 3 , 903 1 ™ 44 -corresponding week last year , _« 3 _, 778 17 ? . lid . Namb . r of passengers , 22 , 904 .
The Fall Of The French Republic. By Xavi...
THE FALL OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC . By Xavibr Durkieu . ( Translated expressly for tbe * Star Of Fbekdom _*)„ THE DAYS OF DECEMBER , Louis Bonaparte pretends to have vton in December , 1851 , the battle of public safety . To glorify , or , rather , to excuse his ambition , accomplices and courtiers have repeated in every tone that he had with one blow suppressed in advance the crisis which in May , 1852 , would have overthrown French society , and put . in peril the future of the whole of Europe . My recital will do justice to these lying declarations _; it will prove that Louis Bonapatte hid not even tbat sinister and bloody excuse . No , there was no Jacquerie to be feared in May , 1852 , fat from having saved French society in December , Louis Bonaparte bud himself , to gratify his ambition , made war upon' that society in every part of the country from oue frontier , to the other . It is be alone who has been the Jacque ; it is he alone who has struck a blow
at the civilisation of France _; it is by hint alone that the future of Europe has been endangered . I will show it in a manner admitting of no reply ; but at first I leave it to the facts themselves to confound his impudent apologists . I return to Louis Bonaparte . ' . It is necessary , above all , by bis acts and his crimes , to show his true physiognomy —Mb real character . An # , besides , if his own personal character was not one of ' the most immoral that history has yet produced , it is enough to call to mind tbat the eternal scorn of the peoples be attached to his name , what men he baa made / bis accomplices ) and his instruments . _-JtojSJfcjP especially concurred in the coup de main 61 £ _nH 0 j 2 d : —General Magnan , General Leroy de Saint _89 s > _M . Fialin de _Persigny , and M . de Morny . These Snow great lords , incomparable ministers , or warriors ; they eclipse Turgot and Hoche ! What were they yesterday ?
I twice saw General Magnan before December , 1851 . I saw him in 1840 , before the Cour des Pairs ; in 1848 , on the morrow of the Revolution iri the office of a journal . He was accused in 1840 of having favoured the foolish enterprise of Louis Bonaparte . With what bitterness and energy be defended himself Overwhelmed with the benefactions of Loin ' s Philippe , could he have tbe _slightest sympathy for such a wretched and absurd pretender ? What disdain he threw upon tbe hare-brained adventurer !—with what scorn he made him his little and ignominious footstool 1 He nauseated even those old peers of France who had all their lives trafficked in apostaciea and treasons .
In 1848 , on the morrow of the Revolution , Louis Philippe was uo longer at tbe Tuileries * , he wandered throughout tbe night amid tbe rain and mud , along the sea-shore of Normandy . General Magnan was at that time designated in the ' Courtier Frangais , ' of which I . was then chief editor , as one of the household officers of tbe King ; he immediately rushed to the office of the journal , a prey to a grief which one would almost have thought sincere , so baid is it to believe in an old man ' s hypocrisy ! He , Magnan , the friend onNUng , and of Louis Philippe above all ! - He , a son of the people ,, a soldier of the republican wars ! Could anv one be s . o harsh as to refuse him a rectification ? Through indifference , or , rather , for pity ' s sake , be obtained that rectification , —more shameful for him than tbe imputation itself .
Six months later , the people , in its _turj _*) , was surrounded in Paris by the army of that same General Magnan , tbe muskets levelled , the canon gaping ; it , _was this General Magnan _whoensnared , decimated , and cannonaded tbe people in the _Btreets and on the Boulevards ; it was under the protection of the sabre of this General Magnan that , by the mixed commissions , and the proconsuls of provinces , the people have been pursued , -slaughtered _^ imprisoned , exiled , and transported ! From General Magnan to General _SaintVrnaud , the transition is *» ery natural . _^ Li _^ Pfflrgnan , he lis Jed a dis * ordered snd mysterious life , enveloped in those shades which honest looks love not to penetrate . He is also distinguished by the same facility of con & ottiere to forsake friends and benefactors .
M . Fiahn de Persigny is an old sulb . officer , discharged from tbe service like M . Leroy de Saint Arnaud . He has distanced all the parasites of the Bonaparte family , As to M . de Morney , it is said he knew nothing of the coup d ' etat , until called precipitately to the _Elysee , he was made minister . Regarding this man , all that is known of him is a long list of infamies . All the rest is mystery , from bis birth till his maturity , from his cradle in the little house in tbe _Champs-EIysees . The coup d ' etat was announced to me at seven o ' clock in the _morning ; no surprise was mingled with my emotion . In order to judge of the state oi Paris , I passed immediately , through the streets adjoining the Tuileries and
the Palais National . _Everywhere already were soldiers , horses , and cannons . On the Boulevards I met some jour * nalists whose presses had been seized . I hastened to the offices of the ' Revolution ; ' the gendarmerie mobile occupied the printing ofiice , and brutally guarded the approach . The bureaux of the Revolution were still free , being in a different house from the printing office . In lees than an hour , they were invaded by a crowd of citizens , who came to demand from my colleagues and me what course they should take in consequence of such an infamous attack . The question was a hundred times repeated , and a hundred times it obtained the same response . ' The Constitution is outrageously violated . It confides itself to your patriotism . Defend it 1 Avenge it !'
I wrote in that sense , in . tbe name of the journal , a short and energqtic proclamation , which was signed by some citizens , whom I regret uot being able to name . * That is a regret I _sfaall _^ en ' feel in . the course of this recital ! The procIflmttJBn . of the Republican journalists , and that of tbe representatives of the Extreme Left , were conceived in the same spirit , almost in the same terms . There ate not two languages to express the same sentiment , the same indignation . I know too well that a single word from me might bring persecutions and aggravations of sufferings to those of my friends _Who still occupy the gaols , the prisonships , and the penitentionary colonies .
I may at- least cite , ' amongst ray _coHaoorafeurs , Kesler _, one of the _characferathe most devoted that I know , whose countenance , in a time of peril , has always been remarkable for two qualities which dojnot usually exist at such a moment , enthusiasm and sang frbid . I may also mention Frederick _Cournet , an old marine officer , of a proverbial courage , whom tbe Militant Revolution can count amongst tbe men the most determined , the most capable , not only to combat , but to command . Towards noon , notice was brought me tbat a meeting of
writers was being beld in the bureaux of a journal , which I cannot name , as it still exists , and to name it would be to aggravate Us situation , already so painful and difficult . Kesler and I went thither . Almost all the Republican _Pres 3 was there represented . There was immediately written and signed a protestation , to which each of us contributed his word of indignation or of scorn . The place of ( he writers who had beforehand announced res-stance , was no longer the office of a * journal ; so we issued forth to see what was being prepared , no longer for written protestation , but for action . ¦
At every , street corner , ' numbers crowding , sometimes noisy , sometimes silent and astonished , around the proclamations of Louis Bonaparte , exchanged the most contradictory and strange comments . The news circulated with the rapidity of the electric fluid . Thiers was arrested , and with Thiers , Changarrtfi _^ _dTmoriciere , _Bsze , Leffo , and some other Orleanist leaders . Not until long after was it known tbat Cavaignac , _Cbarras , Greppo , Lagrange , and other Republicans mote or _Usa advanced , bad also been arrested . _. ' ¦ _.. ¦ — i _, _. _iiiii . — * I believe it a duty to reproduce the proclamation written and signed iu the _lurtatue of the _Bevolution at ten o ' cloek on the morning of the 2 d December . ~ Citiz _** n 8 , —In contempt of a solemn oath , louis Bonaparte has violated the Constitution . He . brutally confiscates all the liberties of Prance ; he proclaims himself dictator . The Constitution is confided to your patriotism . Defend it ! Avenge it ! Tho traitor dares still invoke the holy name of the Republic ; he speaks of Universal Suffrage . It is aB infamous blasphemy . What he desires , he himself avows it , is the Empire , with itg despotic institutions ; he would violently drag us _baik to 1804 . He thinks , he acts like the other Bonaparte , he who , strangled the first Revolution _, let not the Revolution of 1848 be strangled ! Let i ; arrise snd pucish the perjurer ! Louis Bonaparte is beyond the law . ' To arms ! Paris , 2 d Decemberi 1851 . XavierDurrieu , Frederick Cournet _, Kesler , _P'Merlet , Gasperini , and many other signatures _.
The Fall Of The French Republic. By Xavi...
The _mise en scene of the _coiy ) d ' etat had been prepared m such a manner as to appear directed exclusively against the Royalist parties . There was in the first proclamation of Louis Bonaparte a phrase very little remarked until now , and yet , in my opinion , of very great . mportance-. Loms Bonaparte blamed the conduct of the two parties tu the Legislative Assembly , conduct which bad been persisted in , he said , notwithstanding tbe patriotism of three hundred members . These three hundred members were the Republicans in tbe Assembly , in whom was personified the whole of their party without ' Afterwards the Republicans were not been altogether
crushed , and if tbe old parties have spared , they bave at least only Buffered insignificant _oppression . But , at first , they appeared exclusively menaced , exclusively attacked : in appearance there-existed the most complete accord between the new Dictator and the leaders of the Democracy . This was a contemptible calculation , an infamous absurdity ; for the event has clearly proven that that bargain was never accepted or offered , from the verv simple reason that it was radically impossible . But it suffices for a moment , an appearance , a suspicion to plant irresolution in the minds of the people , irresolution which , when once produced , is rapidly developed , and grows in
spite of every opposition . „ Louis Bonaparte re-establishes Universal Suffrage : this alone attracted the attention of the crowd 1 In a day of public emotion , there are brilliant , and so to speak , giddy points of view , which fix the confused and feverish attention of the masses , eclipsing all else around ! Louis Bonaparte lied impudently ; but the _grossness of tbe snare was not seen at the first glance ; it needed the more far-seeing , the more experienced to remark it ; it was necessary to remark that Louis Bonaparte announced at the same time two Chambers , a Senate and a Legislative Corps , two Chambers mute , servile , and condemned beforehand to the most humiliating and abject impotence . He already inaugurated the regime which was to absorb the whole of the powers of
France in himself . He proclaimed liberty , and tbe streets ol Paris were filled with tbe cannon , and bristled with the bayonets of the state of siege . He said he threw himself upon the people , while be had at his orders five hundred thousand Pretorians , in Paris and in tbe provinces , ready to stifle in blood any hesitation or protest . Had the people not been deceived by the lie of Universal Suffrage restored , I do not doubt but tbat they would bave arisen in spite of muskets , bayonets , and cannon , But again , they could not at first understand it ; explanation was needed ; political and historical _desertation was wanting ; they required , in fact , to be spoken to , not only in a loud voice , group after group , but by the great voice of the Press , addressing at one time all the population .
Both means were wanting . The groups were already tainted by the presence ot innumerable agents of police , with or without uniform , preventing all expansion , preluding by individual attack ? , the arrests en masse , and the massacre of the streets;—tbe ignoble before the odious , tbe blow of the bludgeon before the fire of tbe muskets and cannon . As to the Press , it no longer existed , if we except two or three bewildered organs of the old Royalist parties , who dared not express even their terror . I will not speak of these two great voices of calumny and outrage , the " Constitutional" and tbe _Patxte , " -Much the Pays" altMwards joined , to form the most cynical trio of braggarts and adulators , that a people , crushed under tbe iron heel of cuirassiers and gendarmes , has ever heard . Add to all this tbat nowhere were seen any of the reprelentativeB of the Mountain . Little as I have been their
admirer , I hasten to add that this was no fault of theirs . The jannissaries of the Dictator had prevented their meeting at Cremieux ' _e _, whilst they allowed the Royalists to assemble in tbe most noisy fashion at the Mairie of the 10 th _arrondiisement _, constitute a bureau , name a sort of executive power , a commander of the armed force , a chef _'d ' etat ms _jor , and even to carry their manifestation so far as to cry from the windows that tbe President was an outlaw - How could the people , I-again ask , refuse to accept the change , wheu we recollect that for a long time before tliey bad ceased to be , to Bpeak truly , directed or maintained in tbe firm resolve to give battle in defence of the people ' s right ? Did not Michel ( de Bourges ) declare in the Assembly , scarce five days before , that Louis Napoleon would be his man if he
re-established _Umyej j | al SMtage ? universal Suffrage was established . What _^ brcA _^ uld be exacted by those who had not yet withdrawn _rtjjejpsonudence from Michel ( de Bourges ?) .. » " _* j _*» God forbid , _nevertheless , tbat I should altogether excuse the conduct of the people on the 2 nd of December . No ; there was in the coup d ' etat a fact above all questions , and against which a people that respected itself , a people penetrated with a sense of its duty as of its right , would have arisen immediately , spontaneously , without reflection or compromise of conscience , as was Ub duty in a question of honour and public morality , Louie Bonaparte violated the Constitution , notwithstanding his solemn oath . Were it but for this contempt of sworn faitb , tbe heart of every citizen should have revolted , every Republican hand should bave been raised to chastise and crush the traitor . The
people were placed between a political question , perfidiously put , and consequently badly understood , and a question of honour , well-defined , a duty of conscience exactly traced . It ia unfortunate for the people that their intelligence was sot suddenly enlightened at that decisive moment ; they already kno wby what oppression , by what humiliations they expiate the loss or abandonment of liberty ; they feel how many long and painful efforts it costs to conquer it anew . But these efforts will be made , I am sure of it ; for these are always tbe people of France , the people of ' 92 and of ' 93 , the sometimes repulsed , but indomitable labourers for great and ligitimate revolutions . I mourn their past of deceptions and miseries-, - I bave spoken of the excuse , or rather the cause of their irresolution on the 2 nd of December , and have said at the same time , that part of the blame of that day was really incurred by them ; but I believe iu their future , as I believe in their right , in justice _, and in humanity \
Towards four o ' clock it became known that the Republican deputies were , not all arrested ; those who were at liberty met in the evening at the house of one of their colleagues in tbe Faubourg St . Antoine . There were convoked tbe Journalists , and every man of influence who felt capable of sacrificing himself to tbe cause , even to tbe last drop ot his blood . I repaired thither with some of my friends . The Boulevards , tbe Bastile , the adjacent streets , and the entry of the Faubourg _vjcre literally covered by a noisy crowd , animated , I am convinced , with sentiments hostile to Louis Bonaparte . We also saw there the police and the armed farce , who remained , almost motionless , patiently enduring the jeers of the populace . The rendezvous was at the house of Doctor Lafon , representative of the Lot , quai de
_Jemmaspes . I tbere met a considerable number of representatives , wbo were , as it will be readily conceived , violently agitated . Whether they Jookedto the past or to the future they only found matter for melancholy aud poignant reflections . Tbey named a sort of insurrection committee , composed of Victor Hugo , _faiire ( du Rhone ) , Madier , Montnai , & c , and having done so , believed that all was said . They were mistaken ; the time was not one for deliberation , bat for action . It little mattered that that action was organised , collective ; it was enough that it was spontaneous , individual ; every representative was a living image of tbe Constitution ; wherever he showed himself he bore tbe violated
law , the law which , at any price , be should avenge . That immediate necessity for individual action , as widely spread as possible , was present to most minds . By a few energetic words Frederic Cournet showed its absolute necessity . The quai de _Jammespes , situated at a short distance _from-iifce Bastile , being under tha very eyes of the police ) Frederic Cournit offered his own house in the Rue Popincourt , not for the purpose of tbere forming committees , or any sort of provisional governments , but to agree upon a mot d ' ordre , and to appoint a rendezvous for the next morning—a rendezvous in tbe street , in the face of the troops , and of the whole population .
We immediately repaired , by different roads , to Cournet ? . The room io which we assembled was on the first floor ; instead of being spacious it was much too narrow . Members ofthe Legislative and of _theJ _^ jH _^ Q t _, workmen , foremen , gome lawyers , one ot the _^ lP _^ of the National Guard , officers of the same force _. and of the old Republican Guard at the Hotel de Ville and _Prefecture of Police , were here _assembled . With few exceptions tbey were already known , a « d could caunt upon each other . At first there was an in . discribable confusion , a quick interchange of anxious Interrogations , or rather _confuaed exclamation * . —a noise that pre " vented any one understanding those around him . A dramatic incident wbich occurred still increased the emotion :
The Fall Of The French Republic. By Xavi...
hutit had tbe effect of establishing silence , by recalh - * _w « y one _' _present the extreme gravity of the situation . A ., citizen called in a loud voice for silence , and , addressing , man covered with a long mantle , cried : —" You area po- bee agent ; I have proof , andvam about to give it . ' _* : ' _" '• •' , He pointed to a marl abrStft _^^ _rf years of age ,: whose name- „ was sadl y cofiriecte ' d with the triarof _Bjiurgesi and afterwardj _^ _^ with . some worthless publications , ' In ' a _^ momen ' t _;^ nbtwitB- ' . _^ .. . _^^ _JSe _^ be _a dense _. crowd ; . everybody started 'back ; . (™ . _^ " ; . _*' bbBj ; aud _^ _^ a _^ ieft ; in ; tbe ; middle of _, the robo _^« one ,. exr , _> . . .. . ¦ posed to tbeloo ' ks ' of a li _' _present _^ f ' Gournet & aid to . . hirn ,,, in , _invoice energetic , butcalm- _:-r' _# f ? _xyou are' really _^ gent of police , ybu are . ddue for ! Pass into the , hall Jfbm _£ wb * e . b _* , , -,. _* you will never _miutiliie , if you . _arerutfaWto _* _josti / _yBwi _^ A ; . : > • nM . .. _V" - _'* . ' - - _¦ * : _' _¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ _" «¦ - ¦ - _: ' ¦¦¦ ¦ >¦ ¦ ,. ¦• _- ¦ - - _•* - _¦ .- •— . • • "J * ' - * ' ••¦ .: ¦ ¦• ¦ .
¦ The man defended : himselfbadiy , or rSther . be did not dr-: fend himself at all . The opinion _. _was that there : W _«& no . mU- \ take in designating him a police agent . He remained .. er , * , closed for some minutes in the ball into which Cournet bidintroduced him ; and the most important subjects were al- ' * ' ready uuder consideration , when a member of the Left af-- ' rived to claim the man , offering to be _^ sponsible for him , nd engaging himself not to allow bim to _coramuviicaW . wi ' . _W any one before the next day . We could not do less than acceed to this request . The representative took hira away at * . once ; but I must say that his intervention left a painful aud disagreeable impression . Advantage wss taken of the »
silence which this incident produced to come to an understanding . That understanding was , that thc duty of each was very deer ; each might , on necessity , widiout accord with others , receive tbe mot d ' ordre from his own convictions and conscience . The representatives should put on their scarfs , and , a copy of the Constitution in tbeir band , should show to the soldiers , in presence of the people , the 02 nd article , by which Louis Bonaparte was outlawed . All the other citizens should follow their example , aridp & _SBto resistance , using , for that object , all the influence and authority they might bave derived from the services formerly rendered by them to Democracy .
The first rendezvous was fixed for the following morning , in the Salle Rosin , opposite to the Marche Lenoire , in the Faubourg Saint Anteine . They agreed upon a signal , and to receive the first lire , if the army made itself the accomplice of the traitor . I myself wrote the hour and the place in pencil , and gave it to several representatives , notably to Michel ( de Bourges ) , who appeared a litlle before midnight . For my own part , 1 will never forget that last hour , nor tbe firm and determined attitude of the greater part of the citizens who attended tbat rendezvous of honour . There were there , 1 am sure , high-minded men , whom the defeats of the following days might sadly grieve , but to whom , thank _GiA they could bring no feeling of remorse . Jm ( to he Continued )
Portion Ait* Colonial Fttfellisence
portion ait * Colonial _fttfellisence
France. < Prorogation Of The Corps Legis...
FRANCE . _< Prorogation of the Corps Legislatif . —How the Money Goes . — _Anti-BonapaTtist Demonstration at Belleville . —Destructive Inundations . ( From our own Correspondent . ) Pabis , June 30 . The Legislative body held its last sitting on Monday . That its time was so nearly up before the spirit of opposition manifested itself in its midst waa somewhat fovtunato for itself , although not so for France . Had the deputies not been going Bonaparte would no doubt have sent them packing very unceremoniously , which I would have been pleased to see , as the most trifling ovent might suffice to bring on the impending revolution . During tbis last sitting Edgar Nov brought to thera a message from the President , in which _\\<& coolly _speaks oi tbe free voles and discussion of the Assembly ! He concludes with the following sentence ,
so characteristic of tho hypocritical bandit , every hour of whose life has been an hour of deepest infamy : — "In Franco there is a government animated with faith and with the love of good , a government resting upon tho people , the source of all power ; upon the army , tho source of all strength ; and upon religion , the source of all justice . " How long is this abominable farco to last ? It cannot be much longer . Bonaparte is squandering , at a great rate , tbe money of which lie has robbed tlio people of this unhuppy country . A loan is talked of as imminent , but tha amount is not mentioned . The unprincipled wretches who may be induced to lend their wealth to support this rascally adventurer will well deserve to lose it in the coming day of retribution . As a sample of how tlio Bonapartist thief spends his plunder , I may mention that he has bought , ready furnished , the Chateau of M . do Caze , near St . Cloud , aa the residence for his mistress , Miss Howard .
The citizens of Belleville continue to show their hatred for Bonaparte . Tho busts , which had been destroyed , having been replaoed _, they havo again been _amasheil . Thirty persons hare beon arrested on suspicion . Jeanne Dervio has denied tho assertion that she had been sentenced to transportation , but set at liberty in _cqubb * quence of her " mildness . " She has been at liberty for the last twelve months . The . crusade against the sickly remnant of tho press , and the literary men who still remain in France , confcinuea unabated . M . Chouippe , a doctor of medicine , and editor of the " Feuille , du Peuple , " which has ceased to appear , haB been tried on a charge of having outraged tbo Catholic religion , and sentenced to six months' imprisonment and 300 fr . fine . Tho Belgian papers are seized in the Postoffice daily , and I hear it confidently asserted that they will soon be excluded from Franco entirely . 1 bave received accounts of inundations in various parts of the country .
A letter from Petit-Noir , in the Jura , ofthe 21 st inst , _statas that tho destructive inundations to which that country is so much exposed have again caused immense damage , just at the moment when the farmers were about to reap their harvest . In the village of Petit-Noir , which is encircled by the river _Doubs , half tho bouses are under water . The inhabitants havo been compelled to fly suddenly , and seek elsewhere a shelter for themselves and their cattle . The fields , which promised a luxuriant harvest , present tbe appearance of a vast lake . Wheat , maize , and potatoes ( the poor man ' s crop ) are destroyed . The consternation is gene ral iu tbat part .
SPAIN . Progress of the Reaction—Tlie Coming Revolution . Tbe patience of the Spaniards is well nigh exhausted by the indignities of the Reaction . It is tbe opinion of ths nation , at least of the most intelligent portion of it , that it high time end to the abominable state of things wbich no exist . The government , well-knowing the unpopularity of the court and its doingB , not only crushes the liberty of the Press iu Spain , but also endeavours to prevent the circulation of papers published in foreign countries , especially thoBB published in Mexico and South America . These latter , notwithstanding the expense of postage , aud tbo little interest presented by tbe old European news which they contain , have a considerable number of Spanish contributors , who love to hear the Republic spoken of iu their native _CastUliaii .
There . is often printed abroad what would not be allowed to be printed at Madrid , Seville , and Barcelona . But uow the Spanish Democrats are deprived of this last recourse , and the journals are forbidden to reproduce the Republican reasonings of the foreign writers , not excepting even tbose articles which bave no connexion , either direct or indirect , with Spain . In spite of all the measures of the Spanish government , the counter-reaction makes suoh progress , that a decisive crisis cannot be far distant . Down with the deceivers ! will be the cry of the new movement , whioh must kooome general ; for the universal indignation is preparing the way .
SWITZERLAND . The Holy Alliance Conspiracy—Earthquake—The Clerical Reactionaries . ln exeoution of the London protoool of May 19 , a collective note has been addressed by the five powers to the Helvetio Confederation , calling upon it to acknowledge the sovereign rights of tbe King of Prussia in the canton of Neufoliatel . Tho note , it is added , was handed to the Federal Council by tho French legation . Accounts from Payeruo ( in tbe same canton ) mention a slight shock of earthquako which was felt there on the 19 th , at a few minutes after three p . m . At Berne also two shocks were felt at the same instant as at Freiburg The people of the Valais have voted the revision of the constitution by a constituent assembly .
The elections for the municipal council of Neufcbaiel have just taken place ; seventeen republicans aud eleven royalists have been returned , ,, ' ¦ The reactionary club of tho College of _Aecona _coutiuua to conspire against the cantonal institutions , and the wise laws lately passed for tbe secularisation of institutes . One of the most active of these clerical rascals is an infamous and immoral priest , bearing the very appropriate name of Don Adulterio * . v r
GERMANY . The Austrian Nero in Hungary-Priests and Soldiers-Female Victims of Despotism . AUSTRU . The Vienna «« Gazette , " contains an " act of grace , by which 103 officers undergoing punishment foe tbeir share in the Hungarian war are set at liberty ; tbe sentences of six are commuted to four years' imprisonment , and those of ten others are reduced to one-half . The same number of the " Gazette" contains sentences pronounced by thc court-martial of _Hermannstadt against forty Transylvanians _, many of whom are condemned to death . Among the sentenced is Baron Kemeny , who expired suddenly in London a few months ago .
The governmental journals speak of the enthusiastic reception of young Nero by the Hungarians ; and as there da not exist any journals who dare speak tbe truth , their offi * cial lies pass uncontradicted . Private letters from Hungary tell a very different tale . Despotism and anarcby are alike rampant in unhappy Hungary . Tbe country is so infested by robbers that neither life nor property is secure . As drunw head law bas been proclaimed , the gallows , of course , awaiti every ene of the desperadoes who is taken , and the conga * _,.- ; -..- ¦—quence is that tbey » bow no more mercy thau they expw' _^ _T ' v \ . _yX toreoeiTe . _wF _^*^ _- _^ r _- * BREMEN .-Two young ladies , Mdllea . Meyer _audmrK- _^ . . _£ _'"''¦> . . _* ¦ " _? derman , have just been imprisoned for political _writings 10 ~ - ' i ! _-V-: . * ''' _rjr . _j It is stated in a letter from Venice , iu the " laAe _^ n _^ h _>< \; - " _¦ " ¦ ' " -vo dance" of Brussels '! that Kossuth , with the view of ceuja . _r ' : _"* . _'&¦ - _<¦ .: _2 _? _^ _teracting the effect produced by the visit ofthe _Empcfty pp _^^* _rk-i' _^ V * , ? _Z ' , J _$ i _* f £ : _•''& ' _n ¦ f . _^' -4 _Jvji _} _- _;'"*?? & - *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 3, 1852, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_03071852/page/1/
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