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Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th October 1845, Edition 4 of 4, Page unpag

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    • ff&ttigxt Sntdltocitf *
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      Belgium

      BELGIUM

      Ifbom Ouk Owx Laxd Comlussioxen.) Letter...

      _IFBOM _OUK OWX LAXD _COMlUSSIOXEn . ) Letter Hi . TO TIIE WORKING GLASSES OF _CRKAT BRITAIN AND 1 UKLAXU . Mr _Dsar _FniE-fna _, —I shall now proceed to lay before you thc conclusions at which I bave arrived from tbe knowledge I have gathered on my tour , as far as Ihave gone : and when I tell you that since I last wrote 1 have been an attentive and very observant traveller in Belgium , Prussia , Germany , the Duchy of . Nassau and of Baden , in France , and in

      Switzerland , in which List place I have been for the last week , " putting-np" at a public-house at the foot of the Alps , frequented by smugglers , who cross the mountains into the Italian provinces of Austria ; I say that from such a tour , undertaken for knowledge , I must have learned something . I wish the English -working men could see the smugglers coming in here in dozens , arranging their packs to cross the Alps ; all hired b y English and French' merchants ; while in Milan there is an assurance company , who actually insure the owners against risk : which company is -well known to the Government of Austria .

      As a country to live in , I prefer England immeasurably to all other * that I have seen ; and all that Ihave seen strengthens me in thc belief that England , from the folly of her landlords , is yet destined to be in reality what hitherto she has been but in name— "The mistress of the world . " When I see the great strength possessed by petty slates despite the subdivision ofthe land amongst the people ; and when I see the miserable description of much of that land , which as a whole gives great _natioilhl strength ; and when I compare it with ihe rich m _& iden-soU of England , and the superior stren < _"th of Englishmen over any people that I have

      erer seen , except the Irish—when I find that Englishmen are likely to commence the science of agriculture nnder advantages which other countries have not had—advantages mainly attributable to tbe fact , that they will not have old cherished prejudices to get rid of or t > contend against—when I reflect tbat tiie Land alone in many countries is taxed , and that yet those who till it live wdl , and require no government aid to support them , while their compact union as agriculturists ensures their existence as states , although surrounded by jealous neighbours—I say , when 1 think of all these things , the conclusion that I have come to is , that England is a country worth

      living for , and , if necessary , worth dying for . Ihose who study the question of tbe Land as I have placed it before them , will ' see that by the application of their labour to tha soil , they can live free of all taxation , except such as they choose to incur ; while the price of surp lus being measured by the standard of general taxation , they will be placed in a position superior to the working classes of any other country , acd also in a position superior to those ofthe English classes , whether of the middle or working order , who are obliged to purchase all they consume . An industrious man can make more by his labour , after living -well , in _England , in one year , than a labourer of any

      other country can make in three years . The wealth of England , then , will henceforth consist in the condition Into which her land has been _brought by the landlords not allowing tenants to till 33 much as they would desire , as well as by the impossibility of farmers cultivating a thousand , or two or tliree thousand acres destructively to the land , although destructive of their own interests . In land and people Great Britain and Ireland are far away the _riehest countries iu thc known world ; 3 nd I believe , with the land as the battle prize , thepeople of those countries would beat the whole world on their own dunghill . Another thing that 1 assert is , tbat wc possess a

      power of reforming in England , which is not possessed by any other people : that is , the power of meeting in public . Switzerland Is a Republic ; and yet 1 was cautioned not to talk any politics in several of the cantons , and especially in Lucerne , where there are oidy two partisan newspapers permitted ; and if you speak one word derogatory to the cause ol the Jesuits , six or eight gendarmes will drag you Oil to a dungeon at once . And this is what Daniel O'Connell calls " the most paternal Government in the world I" These , however , are matters upon which I shall have variou 3 opportunities of addressing you on my return ; and now I shall return to the narrative I left off in my last .

      On Sunday , the _litk , and . Monday , the 15 th , I paid another visit to the country near Hal , of which I spoke in a former letter : but as the introduction of those days' " gatherings" would rather break the thread of my narrative , I will take you with me all _through , just as I journeyed on . On Wednesday evening I went to Antwerp , merely to see the splendid cathedral churches , fortifications , and paintings . Wdl , I saw more than repaid me for the visit , particularly as the day was " a grand day . " The cathedral is most magnificent ; and some of the paintings are priceless ; tbey could not be purchased . The wealth of St . James ' s Church , its splendour , and thc mag

      nificent and costly dress In which tlie Virgin is clothed , was enough to daz _** lc any man . In Antwerp there arc eleven churches ; aud thc poorest of these would purchase all the churches in London : and you can see every one of them , and every exhibition in this ancient town , without paying one penny , with fixe exception of fivepencc , to be paid for a sight oi each of four or five of Rubens' best paintings . Thc church of the Jesuits was far away the snuggest ami most cozy : and was surpassingly rich in gold , and ornaments , and priestly dresses . 1 attended service in nearly all , and was at the performance of high mass at the Cathedral . On Thursday I returned to

      Brussels at five o ' clock , and at six started for _Mons , the great colliery district . From Mons to Gcnappc , where one of Napoleon ' s bloody battles was fought , and on to the frontiers of France , in all about sixteen miles , you see nothing but iron and coal works : but then yon see thc laud cultivated up to the very pits' mouth . The pits arc very deep ; but an accident in them seldom occurs . A company of masters , aided by Government , have built from SOD to 1000 splendid cottages for the colliers , all uniformly well furnished , and _tastefully decorated outside as well . Thoy are two stories high . In the centre of the village is asplendid green square , surrounded with trees , and groups of

      statuary at each corner ; which greens arc for the children and workpeople to walk in , and play , or amuse themselves . The colliers earn from 2 s . Id . to 2 s . ( JJ . a-day . Government Inspectors arc located at proper places , to sec to the just management of the men and p its ; and an accident is considered a most extraordinary event . All the colliers bave plots ol ground , which their families cultivate ; and as far as one can judge , tbey appeared to be very comfortable . From _MonsI went to Lessines , through several very rich and comfortable looking villages . 1 went into several fields where the peasants were working . and in every instance the potatoe crop was

      utterly destroyed . Yet no one could account for it . In Ireland I have often seen whole fields turned black by a single night ' s frost , and the clover as well : but it generally oecurs so early in the season , about from the middle of ilay to the end of June , that the crop has time to recover again , and is only somewhat retarded in its growth : but this season it happened at so late a period as to make recovery hopeless : that is , if this year's calamity was what we call " a blast" in Ireland . The east wind in Ireland generally brings " the blast ; " and it is very difficult to rear calves that are calved while the wind blows from the east .

      I now come to the crowning part ofmy tour , as far as I have gone . In a previous letter I mentioned a hosp ital that I visited at _Lessines ; now I shall proceed to describe it more minutely . Firstly , I must observe , that 1 have at all times , both in and out of Parliament , asserted that the man who was willing to work , but forced to remain idle , has just as good a right to support , and every comfort , as the man who worked * and everv man in England knows that the Irish Coercion Bill and the English Foor Law

      Amendment Bill were the two great questions upon which I differed with the Whigs . I have ever considered it as an act of the most atrocious barbarism to punislt a man , and more especially a woman or little child , for being poor : and while I never have used _theXcw Foor Law as a political " cry , " I have never witbhdd my co-operation from Oastler and other good "men who La * re sincerely opposed it . The hospital of Lessines furnishes to healthy Protestant England a very proper example of what has been done in one of the poorest Catholic

      Ifbom Ouk Owx Laxd Comlussioxen.) Letter...

      countries . I was so fortunate as to have the guidance and company of one of the principal directors of this noble institution . We entered through a well enclosed farm-yard , with all suitable farm buildings , and abovc all , an immense bam piled to the very roof with prime wheat . In the farm-yard was a very old man making mortar . I asked him if he belonged to the establishment , and if the inmates were obliged to work ? The question rather created astonishment ; and the answer was : — " No , no " , he is doing that for his own amusement . " One of the grand features of this farm-yard was an immense tank for keeping the urine of the animals until required for . _ t <¦» , . » i 11 _

      use . There was also good stabling , cow-houses , storehouses , washing and drying house * --, and every requisite . And now ' for the manner of its support . There is gnaing land enoug h % fifteen cows-belonging to the institution , and- about fourteen acres of arable land—that is , land : that can be cultivated . Thero are 150 old and sick persons in the hospital ; and as you enter by a spacious door , and through a spacious passage , the very fragranco of the pla _« e hints as to what you are to expect . ; As you enter you arc received by one or more " 5 istorai'bf _Charity , " whose holy , and whoso only , work or care , is attendance on the poor sick , and old and infirm . The wholo is

      managed by 21 "Sisters of Charity" and four "novices . " Two of tliose sisters sit up every night to attend to the slightest want , or even whim , of a patient : andthe manner in which they administer to the wants of the sick is most angelic . Let me give you an instanco as I go on . Outside of the hospital for the old men is a splendid terrace , where they smoke , and from whicli they may descend into a beautiful lawn to walk . When the sisters bvought us out to see the old men smoking and amusing themselves , one poor old blind man got up to go into the hospital , and in crossing thc threshold of the door his foot slipped , when the sisters ran to his

      aid , not as though he was a " burden , " but as if he was an object of love . One of them helped him by thc arm to the chair near his bedside . 0 ! how my heart jumped with joy at tliis act of religious kindness ; and how "Andover , " and "the bones , " anil the "deadstone , " where living paupers arc "laid out" in England , flashed across my mind . It appeared to bo the delight of those angelic women to hear the old men _prattle . One of them asked a very old man how old he was ; and he commenced with a laugh , " I am 90 : and I have a wife yet : and you sec , " putting his hand on his head , "I ¦ havo a good " wig of my own too . " The sisters all

      iooKed cheerfully and approvingly at the old man , and laughed heartily togother . There was a bolster and pillow to each bed , with covers as white as snow , and sheets equally white : everything , in short , delightful . At the foot of each bed was each patient ' s tea-pot , cup , saucer , plate , knife , fork , soup-basin , cream jug , and spoons * . Indeed every tiling that could be required . An arm-chair stood beside each bed . Thc sisters were washing the floors , off all of which you could have eaten , they were so clean . Vines were encircling cvwy window . The working room was actually a conservatory . The chapel , the unostentatious chapel , the old Catholic chapel , sucli as it

      was in England before the bloody Harry robbed it of that which superinduced simplicity ; sucli a chapel stands at one end of the building ; and through folding doors all that is said is communicated to the sick iu the adjoining room . In the chapel is a beautiful , or rather a splendid organ , upon which a " novice " was kind enough to play . The history of this novice was the oniy thing that made mc melancholy . She came to thc hospital about a year ago wilh her lather , who is a celebrated musician , of _Cologne , in Germany . He came to tunc thc organ , * and she was so infatuated with the unostentatious religion of the " Good Sisters , " that she determined to abandon the

      world , and give herself up to like acts of charity . She is a lovely creature , about nineteen ; and made more lovely by the simplicity of dress and manner . If a stranger comes to the _hospital for relief , he is taken in ; and , if a Belgian , the manager writes to the manager of his own department for tenpence for every night he has been there : but , if a foreigner , the Government pays for him . Now , this glorious institution is supported upon little more than the milk cf fifteen cows and the produco of fourteen acres of land : but then there are no cormorants to lap thc cream and leave the skim-milk for the rightful owners ; no raflians to eat tlie fat and thc lean ,

      and send tho "bones" to be picked by the poor . 1 shall have much more to say on this subject hereafter . Jn my next I shall return to the small farms . Bear in mind , that all the good institutions of which 1 speak , spring from the laud . I hope to be with you once more by Monday , the Cth of October , as the Austrian Government is resolved that I shall not peep into its Italian territories . I have been in a little town at ono extremity of Switzerland , since Sunday monTiug , and it is now Tuesday neon . Tlic

      Austrian barrier is within 150 yards of the house where I stop , but they tell mo that my passport is not properly signed , and that I cannot pass the frontier * , though 1 have passed through Belgium , Prussia , Germany , _Nassau , Baden-Baden , France , and Switzerland with it . Perhaps , hereafter , I may make my travels otherwise interesting , when I have made them subserve the small-farm system . From all that I have seen , and heard , and learned , I am resolved never to relax my exertions , until I see every English _Iri-Ji , and Scotch man , who wishes to live without

      " a master , " enabled to do so . I am , your faithful friend and sen-ant , Feargus O'Cosxor

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      Spalv. We Take The Following From The Ti...

      SPALV . We take the following from the Times : — MaDIUD , Sept . 19 . —Beyond the information possessed by the 1 'iscals and the secret police , littla is known , either to the accused themselves or to the public , ofthe _nat-jra or amount oftlie charge against General Crespo aud Seuor Sagarti , whose approaching trial , if indeed they are not treated a la Corradi and Cairo , promises to be interesting . I tare lately alluded to the barbarous treatment received by these persons , and _tl-. eir being confined in filthy dungeons during fifty dayi , without being permitted to communicate with a human being except the alcalde of the prison , who brought _tbtin tlieir food . The Fiscal , who is charged with _drawiog up the accusation against them , and whose business it will bt to prosecute them , has been an officer in Cabrera ' s army . One can judge how little mercy will be shown such men as

      Crespo and Sagarti at the hands of such a proiecutor . As far as can jet be learned , it appears that the cliarge against Sagarti is , that he was the president of a club of direction ; and against Crespo , that lie ivas the party intended to bare been placed at ihe head of the force destined to mako a revolution and overthrow thc Government , It was only after fifty-one days of imprisonment that they were _informed of tha nature of these charges , " as they appeared from the documents , " to use the expression of the Fiscal . _Thry were refused the right , _granted and commanded by the law , of perusing , or even seeing the declarations made by the _witnesses , and the names of the informers were refused to be communicated to them , —also in violation of the same law . Being thus denied the facility of examining the act of accusation , they are consequently debarred from _making the usual counter-declaration , or from being able to call witnesses whose testimony could contradict that of the common informers who accuse them . Tlie accused have

      protestedagamstsuch conduct , and thus the matter rests at present ; but , if we may judge from the manner in which other political prosecutions have heen conducted , there is but litle hope that their remonstrances will be attended to , or that anything like justice will be done them . Sagarti and Crespo must be got rid of at any cost . With such things before us , it would be absurd to suppose that the Goveramentintends changing its system of brute force , encouragement of informer . * * , swindlers , and perjurers—an administration of justice worse than even in the worst days of the inquisition , are the blessings like to be in store for Spain as long as such a man as Narvaez rules the country ,

      _BincELOXA , Sept . 22 . —lhe same military occupa tion of tlm oity continues without the slightest modi _fication , to which it is universally admitted its tran _ouiility is alone to be attributed .

      Spalv. We Take The Following From The Ti...

      Mai-hid , Skit . 25 . —Colonel Ortega , deputy for Saragossa , has _jtut been arrested theSIV ;! l ! il _bj'OUghf under arrest to Madrid . The _Ci-urt-ma' _-tial has condemned live of the { . art ' es taken u _, > on tiie night of the 5 th to one year ' s imprisonment , each .-Teukmiism * ax Barcelona . —WiioL . - s .-r-. i- * - Assasm * _a-riox - ; , _*—The Miming is an extract ofa tetter front Barcelona : — - 'Barcelona , Sept . 2 ( 5 , _ISfo ' .- _^ SoniB time since I gave an account of an attack made by some banditti * on the diligence between _Jlarcelona and _Saragosa-v , and that one of thc culprits , _when-on his way to tlie place of execution , announced to tlic authorities that'he was jready . to give information-of an important nature , _ilkiii which he was respited . The consequence was , tlpgtftm the information of bhis man , upwards of - _-iO : p _feSJons were arrested ou the . charge of being memoerfciof an organised , band of robbers . Tue whole were Miught before the military tribunal , for here the $ H _* il authority is entirely _'Xi _ c _ - _^_ _n- ' i-i _. _l i j- \ . _ _i . 71 „ .... * _-, _r 4 ' _.-. f

      superseded , and thirteen _Save been condemned to death , arid are to be slict & -morrow niorning . Wc know . nothing of the _evidence against these persons , and , ihfact , very little docs-yjtluhe present Captain-. General ( General Breton }; wan is determined to make an example somehow or * other . The execution is to take place in the Citadel . Tlie fate of the others is not known . 7 A quantity o ?; Hrms and ammunition have been seized by the aiithbMties at Saragossa . _switzeiiiInd . Akresi op _CoMMUNisis .- _^ . 43 Berno letter , * of Sept . 25 , says : "Tho President of-tin" Communist Club of Bomo , who was a simple ' workman at one of the printing-offices , has just been arrested . The club was immediately closed . A formidable coalition of workmen has been formed at Soleure . The Artizans at Argau are drawing up a petition against the liberty of manufactures , and against the introduction of foreign manufactured produce . "

      ITALY . The Papal _'Fkbrorism . — -We take tho . following from the Morning Chronicle : — " Our private advices from Leghorn of the i'Oth instant mention , that the attempt sit revolt which was to have taken place in the legations towards the middle of the mouth had completely miscarried . The patriots , it appears , had tampered with the _troojte of the garrison ol Ancona , _"SeuegHglia , and Rimini , on whoso co-operation they relied , but shortly before the period fixed for the outbreak the Pontifical Government , to which the plot had been denounced , changed all the garrisons , and thus defeated tlieir plans . The principal chiefs had fled . Military commissions were immediately established in the different localities ; the Pontifical volunteers were re-organised , and orders were forwarded from Rome to arm the inhabitants of the suburbs of _Taenia , who are well . 'infected to the Pope's Government . Fifteen persons had been arrested in this last town . The commission sitting at Ravenna had sentenced 50 or CO individuals to the galleys .

      RUSSIA . The following is an extract of a letter from St . Petersburg , of the 11 th inst . : —¦ Tho system of Ji'ltSSiun ' _a ' - ! _' ; all ths dependent provinces of tho empire has received a new application . I um assured that the Emperor , before quitting St . Petersburg , signed a new cod * for tlw _Gtrman provinces , ba » ed iipon the laws of Russia bafor « tho conquest of these provinces , whieh wore originally dependant on Poland . Those oi Courland and Lironia _eiij-jjcd a franchise and local institutions founded on tha German system , and particularly on that _' of the llanseatie towns . 1 ' _ettr the Great and his successors always accorded them a separata and exceptional system of legislation and public imtitutions . Knowing , too , as th » y did , tho corruption of a _llu-isian Senate , these provinces were careful norer to appeal to a

      body so characterised , but , on the contrary , invested tlieir uwu magistrates with the entire control of tlieir own : _iilui _2- § . The step of tht ; Emperor in _rosolving to put them upon the same footing with tho _otliar Kiissi . _'in provinces has , _thcrefor-i , caused tlio greatest agitation . The nobility of Courlnnd ami Livonia are in a state of high discontent , and the more as they have contributed to raise that empir * to the _pon-or which it now possesses . Jacken , Witgensteiii , Pahlaii , Witzh-gerode , ic ., belong to those provinces and moreover aro men who eiercise a _lii'h influence over the destinies of the empire . The tidings of the disaster in Circassia aro completely confirmed . Public opinion I 10 M 3 the Emperor particularl y to biame for tlieir occurrence , and accuses liim of having sacrificed an nnny and given up considerable resources , in his obstinate determination to follow a plan of _compsrigii disapproved of by his best generals .

      UNITED STATES . LivEr . rooL , Sunday . —The roy . il mail steamer Caledonia , Captain E . G . Lett , arrived in the Mersey to-day at noon . She left Boston on the 16 th instant , and Halifax on the IStli , and has therefore made tbe whole voyage in 11 $ days , deducting her stay at Halifax . There is no account of any hostilities 'having taken place at " the seat of war , " as Texas is termed in the United States papers ; the rumours of large Mexican armies marching towards that country appear to be pure fictions , whilst the emptiness of the Mexican Treasury and the impossibility of getting a loan are _realities , not tobe overcome in an occasion where the feelings of the people are little in unison with the wishes of their rulers . From all accounts , the sole preventive that exists against a war between

      the two countries is thc want of nioiiey Oil the part Ol Mexico . In the meantime tha country is in groat disorder , and the province of Tobasco , taking advantage of the opportunity , have revolted and declared tlieir independence . The American forces in Texas have been suffered to concentrate nnd establish tlieir position , undisturbed by any attack at Corpus Christi , described as one oftlie healthiest and most beautiful spots in tlie world . It it said that Gen . Taylor will occupy this position for about two months , and in case the . Mexicans in tho meantime take no measures of decisive attack , that they will then move forward to tho mouth and borders of the Rio Grande

      and will establish that as the boundary line between the two countries . The Washington Union , however , savs : —* 'Letters have been received from the capital of Mexico to the 30 th of July : thoy express great doubt whether Congress would pass the declaration of war , and whether they would not consider their previous avowals in relation to annexation as tantamount , to a declaration and whether they would not attempt to strike at us without a declaration , It is confidently said that they are sending all the troops they could despatch to the frontier with that view , General Folasola to be commander-inchief . "

      Tim _Axti-Rbxi Movement :. — About one hundred and fifty oftlie most active of tho Anti-Renter . * * . hare been captured and lodged in prison . Thc court-house at Hudson , state of New York , where the trial of the Anti-Renters was _proceeding , was the scene of an unseemly outrage between the Attornev-General of the State , Jolm Van Bus-en , _tsq ., 5011 of" the late president , and Mr . A . Jordan , who indulged in a pugilistic contest in open court , which was earned on with great spirit amid great confusion , tho judge calling loudly for order ; after some time the sheriffs succeeded iii separating the combatants , who were theii placed at the bar ( one of them , observe , being the Attorney-General of the State ) , and committed to prison for twonty-lbur hours for contempt of court .

      _Miscellaxsous News . — An organised band of thieves , or banditti , has been discovered in the Wabash Vallev , Indiana . Five have been captured by the citizens . At Chestertown , Maryland , Mr . Edward Roe was killed by a negro , whom he had threatened to chastise . A man , supposed to have been one of the murderers of Colonel Davenport , ol Rock Island , Illinois—he having the colonel ' s watch in his possession—has been captured and beaten to death by the people . —There has been a riot at Kingston , Canada , which was quelled by the military _, but not until several persons were wounded . 1 be cause was not political . —At Burton , Ohio , owing to a sentinel having refused one Nathan _lii-ittan to pasts into an enclosure of volunteers , the latter stabbed the sentinel to thc heart . Thc murderer is in custody .

      —Mr . Nugent and a young Frenchman were drowned on the 21 st ult ., in consequence of their canoe goni _£ over the grand Falls , New Brunswick . —At Montreal Races a large body ofthe ruffians called " _Canallers commenced a riot' , and nearly murdered Mr . Scott , member of Parliament , from Two Mountains , lhe rioters { were dispersed bv the military . —Circumstances have transpired in New York , which have led tothe belief that one or two voung females haye been sacrificed bv _practises of ab ' ortions , deliberate murder , & e . , and some oftheir bodies sold for dissection . Several persons are in custody on susp icion of bavins been connected with these horrid _mvsteries . —Nearly half Of the town of Ancaster , Canada West , has been destroyed by fire . At Gordon ' s Falls , near _banjor _, eight men were drowned by _theswamping ofa boat on Mondav week .

      TUE WAR IN THE CAUCASUS . The Journal des _Debats makes the following comments on the recent news from the Caucasus : — "Letters from St . Petersburg , referring to the recent n « ws from the Caucasus , announce that the army has altogether returned iuto its tantonments , and confirm all the details which have been already giv « m oftlie great expedition of Diirgo _, The retreat has bocnrcally disastrous . The army , whicli left Dargo on ths 13 th of July ( Kussian calendar ) , after having remained six days waiting for the great convoy which was carried off by Schauiil , had only _thrse days' march to make la _ordor to reach tlio line Ol the Sundja and the T _. erek . _Dut n hen they arrived on th _>

      Spalv. We Take The Following From The Ti...

      left bank oftlie Aksai , it was _dit-sovered that it would be impossible to continue the _nuxveh , unless hy iosing half of tlwarniyin _-fori' _-n-fa-Mssage .. _Sciumil asd his mountaineers were raising everywhere new barriers with trunks of tree * , and it would fc . necessary te * make the same senes of Ml ac _* -. s . as for ths capture of Davgo . jflie army was encumbered uilh their * wounded , aad they _Arasged along Hie inconvenient _burd _,-n'of twenfv _ficcts _ofcann-on , which were not of the sli ghtest use during the whole e . _vpedition . Ill this painful extremity , the _Geacral-in-Chief came to the determination to halt at an _uncovered point _, _ouiiide the forest , Beai- j , „ llrt ca ]] cd _ciiaoajfaUJonly _, and tlie army remained thcrefourdays , blocked up % the enemy . However , it had been contrived to send forward , tora _largereward , two mitives ofthe auxiliary companies , to ( Ju & eral _-Preito-,-, commander ofthe forts - and canton-! _i » ft _liniiT-r of fchi * _Al-rsn ! if _w- > e _ili . i » _rti-, _^ .-. _fl _«** .. »* ;•* . » . „ ... 1 . 1 i ...

      ments ot tlte Argoun and the Sundja . Oue of the two _despatcbe _^ r _- _uii-itely arrived , and this general _imme-Viately _despatclHijgl . isorders in all directions , was able in two days to ; settogether the greatest part of liis division , and at _onee proceeded to tlie assistance « S thai army , wiih eight battalions , three squadrons , ; . and twelve pieces ' ol ca-inon ,. with , stores and ammunition . : Had it ' not ' been for the opportune arrival of tliisrreinforcement _, _Ginernl _Woroiizoft" was likely to meet with the same _cliccV-and on the very same ground aa _liisprudecessor , _Genornl Grabb ' , when !; e made the . lirst attack on the _Aksavside . It was by the _Khra-KoTsson that General "Woronzoff had commencml his operations , but it is evident that ho was ol opinion that he could not return by the same road on _TrtiivUcTand _Ynezupnain , wlienceho had set Out ; and , besides , ifc appears by the last report published , that he

      bad ordered the three forts , established along that road , to be evacuated during his march forward . At St . Peters _, burg , ia Hie official world , it is pretended that Gener . il V . ' oronzoff left a gai rison at Dargo , That appears to us iii _' . ulmiBsibl « , and wo can only look on it as a report circulated by the government to satisf y public opinion , which has been thrown into much agitation by the account of the immense losses caused by this disastrous expedition . Vi _' u have before us theoilieial report ot ' _tha _-ith ( ICth ) ol -Uigust , published in the government Guzttte at St . Petersburg , in which General IVoronzotV announces his departure frouiDargo , bis arrival at Aksai , his halt at Cbaougal-Uerdi , and finally , the junction of Oenernl 1 ' reitiig with the principal army . In tliis report not a word is said of any garrison being left at _ilargo . Obliged to evacuate u strong position in : the centre of ths mountains of

      Daghestan _, and which had cost him to dear , the general would not have failed to declare , by way of compensation , that lie had iustalled a garrison there to hold tlie mountaineer ! in check . Another proof of the improbability of this news , is the evacuation of the three fortified posts , which united Dargo to the line oftlie SoulaU , and tlie central fort of Vnezapnaia . Prom the disastrous termination of the expedition , the _capture of thc convoy , tho loss ofthe two generals killed bv the _Tehetcliens , tlio blockade ofthe anil * ' in the forests of the Aksai , to leave a garrison at Dtivgo would _liiiYubesn to abandon to the enemy a certain prey , since the troops left tliere would have been isolated , without any possibility of affording them succour ; the rude experiment made by two able generals proving that it was necessary to get together 20 , 000 men , and lose at least a quarter of that number , to penetrate there . _XotwiUutaiuling the painful results of tho expedition , the Emperor has distributed numerous recompenses to his

      army of the Caucasus . The Emperor , besides , was desirous of masking * he disastrous part of tlw csnnpMgn by the eclat ot the honours nimrded ; but the truth hath _pieri-ed through , and he cannot conceal from himself the evil effects whiehare likely to ensue . _Ilu beholds his power , and the renown of the Hiusiau armies , continuing year after _yoav to fail _bsfure some wretched mountaineers , who cannot bring _together on a single point mort than eight or ten thousand combatants , _wantinj ? powder , and half of whom are only armed with bows and arrows . This prolonged resistance , sometimes victorious and always invincible , humiliates him in a certain measure in the sjvs of . Europe , and therefore he wants to finish the matter in any way—by lire or sword . IVo must , in consequence , expect to see , at tha commencement of tho approaching season , a new campaign commenced , in which will be displayed the greatest possible efforts . "

      The German papers state that a great number of Polish refugees from France , England , and Belgium have passed through Leghorn on their way to Smyrna , where tliey are to assemble preparatory to proceeding to the Caucasus , tojoin thc Circassians in the war against the llussians .

      LATER' NEWS . —ANOTHER GLORIOUS VIOTOCY GAINED BY THE CIRCASSIANS . A letter , from Constantinople of the 17 th of September / gives an account ofa second battle fought between the llussians __ and Circassians , in whieh the former sustained a still more disastrous defeat than they did in the retreat from _Dargo . It appears that the Russian army , in its retreat from Daghestan , was-severely harassed by Schaniil ' s troops , which followed close upon its heels . Gn reaching Jani-Ouchy , ' in Georgia , which is tributary to Russia , Count _Woi-oiiisoiF 'thinking that he had got rid of bis pursuers , halted his exhausted troops , in order to give them a few hours' rest . lie was , however , mistaken . Sehamil , tho gallant and active lender of the Circassians , allowed hiin no time . He unexpectedly attacked

      thc Russians in their camp , and after a short but very bloody struggle , Count Woronzoff was forced _tiiraiii to retreat , in order to reach a more favourable iio . _iilion . This he appears to have effected , hilt ill tlic retreat he lost an immense number of men . The number of men killed is not exactly known , but it may he judged from the fact that 180 officers have perished , among whom were one general o'licer , two of Count _Woroiizoffs aides-de-camp , and an aidc-dc camp of General Gluck _, The Circassians also got possession of four pieces of artillery , and tha greater portion of thc Russian stores and ammunition . The force under Count Woronzoff , at the commencement of the campaign , amounted to 50 , 000 men . Ol that number from 12 , 000 to 15 , 000 ill'C S . lid to _IlilVC fallen on the field of battle , besides the vast numbers

      who perished irom cold , fatigue , and privations

      GREECE . An attempt at insurrection has been made in Greece . The partisans of Mavrocordato and Metaxa having united , about one hundred and thirty troops , under the orders of Carakitzo , l _' oulikako , and Pctro _Pontaki , made themselves masters of the village on the eastern side of Tavgeti , and proposed to take one ofthe fortified towns situated in that district : they were , however , opposed by . the National Guard , and forced to retire . Subsequently Carakitzo and Poulikako wore made prisoners , the rest escaped . Another chief of the same party , named Pcrako , has also been defeated in his attempt at insurrection .

      'INDIA AND CHINA . London , Thursday , October 2 . —The extraordinan * express , in anticipation of tho Indian Mail to thu ' _SStii of August , has arrived . There is no longer any doubt as to the assembling of an army on the banks of the Sutloj , in order to enable tho present Siekh Government to curb its licentious soldiery . The Queen-Mother and her brother , the Wuzeer of the boy King Duleep Sing , arc stated to be now acting in concert with the British agents , for thc purpose of putting down the insolence and rebellious spirit of tlio Khalsa troop 3 and the fanatic Akhalces . Umballa is named as the place of rendezvous for all the " politicals , " as the lion . Company ' s diplomatic agents are occasionally called in India . The

      Governor-General , the Commander-in-Chief , the Lieutenant-Governor of tlio North-West Provinces , Mr . Tliomason , and Mr . G . II . Clerk , who was said to be on his way from England , arc to havo a conference at Agra , after which the important movements will be commenced . The cholera had disappeared at Sukkar and Hyderabad . The preparations for any movement that might be necessary against tho Punjaub _ifbre going on silently but surely , especially in the boats lor _bi'iilijcs and steamers , ifcc . It appeared to be expected that Sir Charles _i _' apici ' would be called on to proceed to join the Governor-General , in case any hostile measures became imperative in the Punjaub . The news from China is unimportant .

      IMPORTANT FROM THE KIV'ER PLATE . Fauiouth , _Suri . 30 . —By the Martha Jane , arrived off Penzance , from Buenos Ayres , we have received still later accounts therefrom , to the 26 th ol July . The accompanying particulars of an interview between the British residents and Mr . Ouseley vill give an idea ofthe position of affairs at the above period . The deputation of the committee of British movchants waited on W . G . Ouseley , Esq ., her British Majesty ' s Minister Plenipotentiary , this _morniii-. ' ( 20 th July ) , when he entered upon the following relation ot the present state of the negociations with the Argentine Government : —

      " That the _Argentine Government has been in till commencement of the joint negociations , and repeatedly afterwards , requested by the Ministers o ! England and France , to agree to a temporary suspension of hostilities , so as to give opportunity for negociation to bo gone into without any useless loss of lift in the meantime . " This proposition was not accepted by thc Argentine Government ; on the contrary , it required the rigorous blockade of Monte Video to be acknowledged , and meanwhile the siege of that town was pushed more vigorously than before by General Oribo .

      "Onthe refusal of the temporary suspension of hostilities , a note was presented by the Ministers requiring the Government to withdraw the Argentine troops from the Estado Oriental , and the squadron from before Monte Yideo , the Ministers binding

      Spalv. We Take The Following From The Ti...

      themselves on their psrfc to the disarming of the _foreigners who have _talua part in the dissensions of the Lstado _OiientnJ , _thcffleavin-j the native inhabitants to choose t .. cir own Government . " This ultimatum was _m-rile fixing tbe 31-st instant f July ) for onion to be given for the withdrawal of the Argentine forces , warning thb- Government that i _ssicli orders were not given on or before the _8-fet , tbf English and French _Alinister-j _vrtmld leave this * city . ' _^ _. _nmcnl ,. _^ _J-l . _nT .. . \„ . « _t 4 iv _4 l * . \ . _!! . _« ... » . ! ...- -1 * ll ...

      €Vifijt$ Y Fihohmmts

      € _vifijt $ _fihohmmts

      Address, By The Central Committee Of The...

      ADDRESS , BY THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE UNITED-TRADES " ASSOCIATION ¦ - F & K THE PROTECTION OF _INDUSTRY . 'fhe Central Committed , appointed by the July Trades * Conference , for the-purpose of carrying ii ' general organisation into effect , beg to _call-tlte attention of the working classes to the result of the 'labours of that conference , viz .: —the formation of two institutions ,-each to work _ih v connection with the other ;• and in their respective" _funutiona , _ea-jli calculated to meet the peculiar evils which deteriorate die condition * of those who depend upon labour for their subsistence . The two associations arc separate in their government , because they require a separate and different application of their respective funds ; and because there are trades whose circumstances

      would prevent them uniting with both , who cauld with advantage avail themselves of one of tliem ; both , however , arfe intended to work side by side , and each will receive countenance and strength by the prosperity of the other _. In order to _appreciate these institutions , it will lie advisable to-givo a very brief analysis of the circumstances wliich injuriously affect the condition of _workini ; men . 'The position ot employer and employed is precisely that of _bargainers for tho sale and purchase of labour . In all bargains , the buyer is disposed to give as little , and the seller to get as much as possible , for j what he has to exchange ; it is easy , therefore , to be

      seen , tliat lie of the two who is most sul > ject to the immediate pressure of necessity will be obliged to yield to the price of . thu other , in the exact proportion as his necessities- arc _inost immediate . It need not be said that the necessities of the workman are much more immediate than those of his _employer , and that , consequently , , singly , he lias no chance ill thc bargain . It is indispensable , therefore , that the employed should take measures . to correct this inequality of position in thc bargain with tlieir employers ; Vcr there _is no situation so helpless on the one part , and' consequently so certain to induce every species of oppression , as when the buyer or seller has his opponent completely at his mercy .

      As individually , therefore , the workman cannot successfully contend with his employer , it becomes his imperative duty to unite with his fellow workmen in order that his position in the _bargain may be rectified to something like equality . The necessity of union being thus founded upon the natural sense of justice which prompts every one to resist oppression , it is essential that such union should be formed wisely to carry out its specific objects , and to adapt itself to sueh exigencies as may arise in thestrugglc of labour with capital for a fair rcmm . cration . To obtain this fair remuneration is the intention ofthe United Trades Association for the protection of Industry .

      Besides the necessity of thus uniting to correct the inequality of position of labour and capital , it often happens that without any intention of _takim * _advantage of their superior ability to stand out against a fair price for labour * the employers have multitudes of unemployed workmen , competing eaeh with tbe other , for employment , and bidding each under thc otlier , to obtain it . This evil , which formerly was confined in a great measure to unskilled labour , the unceasing application of machinery now renders very possible to every trade . The only remedy here is to withdraw , if

      possible , the surplus labour from the market—to take such measures as shall prevent the workmen from bein ;; in these circumstances compelled by sheer hunger to submit to any terms , however opprcsivc . W ith this view the Association for the employment of surplus labour in agriculture ani _^ manufactures , is uibniitted for attention . For it will be seen that to effect any real and permanent amelioration of the conditions of tho working classes , thoy must not only unite for mutual protection , but must adopt measures to abstract from the market thatsui'plus labour which would otherwise of itself causo the most abject state of social misery .

      These measures , although directed to the * amc end , are yet sufficiently distinct to induce the Conference to-decide-upon the formation of two associations , to carry them out in separate yet harmonious operation . It cannot be doubted , that a general organisation of _trados will give . a power to resist , oppression which cannot be possessed by any trade singly , and moreover , by uniting many trades in _oneintereet , an aggregate mass of opinion will be formed , which in the end , will do much for the beneh _' tof the working classes , and prevent the necessity oftheir bavin- - recourse to the more physical expedient of strikes . Under the conviction * , therefore , that the spirit of union , tempered with moderation and equity , sliould in future characterise the proceedings of the working classes , tlie United Trades' Association for the protection of Industry has been instituted , and if entered into and supported with that earnestness wliich its importance merits , results will be acliicvctl by the influence of its united powers which , if sought by isolated efforts , could only terminate in defeat and disappointment .

      The objects of the auxiliary institution , the Association for the Employment of Surplus Labour in Agriculture and Manufactures , is sufficiently apparent from its title ; it aims at maintaining the price of labour by preserving a healthy relation between the demand and the supply . This it proposes to do by giving employment to the surplus labour in whatever manner or locality may bo thought most eligible . As the immediate business of the Central Committee , however , relates more especially to the first ol these institutions , it wiil at present confine its remarks to the Association for tho Protection of Industry . The impossibility of contending successfully against the influence of capital has long since been experienced by the disunited working classesand the

      , formation of Trades Unions was forced upon them as a means of defence . The great evil of these expedients has hitherto been the contradicted basis upOll which Ihey were established , the power brought into action being at thc utmost only sufficient to protract resistance , but not to ensure success . The more united trades have sometimes obtained partial and temporary advantages , while others have been reudercU more helpless by their UnSUCCCSSful _Stl'llgglCS . The blame of failure , however , docs not rest with the system , but the contracted scale on which it has been conducted ; and thc obvious remedy lies , therefore , in its extension ; not merely to embrace tho entire of one trade , but to unite all trades in one general confederation , which by presenting a strong barrier against unjust aggression , will prevent attack , as

      peace is often ensured by there being no weak point which could be successfully assailed . _ in carrying out the great objects of the Association , it is not intended to supersede local unions , the ordinary affairs ofwhich can be much better administered by itsown members , who are more imniediaely interested in and practically acquainted with their particular trade and locality _, * but when the Association shall have been matured , it is intended , as laid down by the Conference , to form a common centre , towards which their associated means may con ei - L'C for mutual assistance and support in cases of need ; and from which tliese means may be redistributed in such masses , and upon such points , as may most effectually secure the great objects of all working

      men ; namely , to enable tliem to withstand all a - gressions , obtain a just participation in the wealth they assist to produce , and promote such improvements in their condition , physically , mentally , and morally , as becomes rational beings , the advanced state of science , and the superabundance of the means for ' , supporting and educating this population , now at the command of society . The Association of United Trades will enable each particular trade that may join it , in the case of disputes or strikes , to fight its individual battle with tbe whole strength of tbe Association ; and will multiply its means twenty , fifty , or a hundred-fold , according to its own powers and numbers compared with that uf the entire Association .

      The Association will also bring to bear on all disputed points between employers and employed , a more powerful moral influence than any is * la ' . cd Union can exercise . This , it may bo anticipated , will prevent many of these disputes from terminating in turn-outs or strikes , and where these are discovered _' to be indispensable , will give them the sanction and aid of a strong public opinion , created and directed by peaceful and constitutional moans . Oi'i . vio . v in the end is more powerful than WBiiMii . The Association will wield both for the service of Labour . In past struggles the law has been too often perverted to the service of Capital . One of thc objects of the Association will be to secure its impartial administration , and to bring to the aid of labour , that legal knowledge and ability , which has heretofore been almost entirely monopolised by capital . An instrument of tyranny , which is Capable of the most tremendous abuse , will thus be wrested from the hands of those who have too many incitements to

      Address, By The Central Committee Of The...

      misuse it , and thc working men iu tuture struggles will be aided , not opposed by the law . Such are the leading objects of tho Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry , in order to assign to labour its true position in the economy ot social life , to remove the accumulated evils under

      Willi *]* it has long suffered , and to introduce a new era in the history of this country , when the abundance of its productions shall contribute to thc happiness ol the sons of toil , instead of being reserved for the exclusive indulgence ofthe few . lt will be seen that the intention of the whole is to rectify the two great evils with which labour has always to contend , viz ., the inequality of its position individually in competing with capital , and thc inund aticn of surplus labour in the market .

      _t How _luv the institutions ¦ . • *•* formed will answer tliese purposes will depend ur . osvthe support they receive from the woiking classes , in conclusion , " tho Committee beg to impress upon nil thnt thc Association for the protection of industry is solely under tho management and control of working _iu . * n unconnected with a » y political or other party . Whatever colour there may have been for a contrary _eiiiiiion in the earlier singes of their proceedings there is none now . A perusal of the rules will show that no movement can take _pJaree , or agreement be entered into ,- without thc sanction an . ! authority of the bona fide representatives of the _wovftng classes . T . _Bahbatt , Sec * SO , Uyde Street , Blooinsburw .- '

      Gextkyt . _Ciiflt-ei-n- _* _-. —T . S . Duncombe ,. _Esql-, M . l \ , l * _re-adont ; J , £ i «* h , Carpenter , Vice-l-rcsidcno ; T . J . Dunning , _Bookbinder , London ; W . Allen , Tia Plate Worker , London *; I ) . -James , Boot Maker . London ; -. W . J . _YotKijr , Carpenter , London ; F . Green , Morocco _Leartbeir Finisher . London ; R . Mullen , _Wooieomher , . _Bps-dforil ; $ . Uogcrs _, Carpenter , Bristol ; W . _Felkin- _r Frame Work Knitter , Mansfield ; W . Palmer , Plasterer , Manchester ; G . Lynes ; Silk Weaver . Norwich ; J . Berry , Miner , Witan ..:

      Notice—To The Unjtk© Trapes Axd • _ Wyil...

      NOTICE—TO THE UNJTK © TRAPES _AXD __ WyilK . ING CLASSES _GENERALLY . If there be one thing more _thau-aaother that tends to impede , the improvement of th » soeial con-iition of . the working classes , it is the _wwifc of a competent knowledge of their own capabilities * .. Accustomed from early life t - > their particular eullirtg or profession , they prosecute the same wiih- ; _v _dus-rce of intense _interest , thinking , that their linp . p . _iiie-ss depend * upon that alow *; ncit iTcr are they altogether culpable for the absence of that know / edg _*) . _whicfe certai . i other portions of soeiety possess . The condition of working Mien and the price of labour havo long been such , that in proportion to the amount of _kne-wlcdgo they acquire , they must sacrifice thoir- domestic comfbrts . and that , somtimes , to the injiWy of _thcitfamilies . Other portions _Taoeiety , who- have found the means of acquiring knowledge , havo not the ' means of disseminating that knowledge amongst their

      fellow working mew . Tims t ! ac working ol . teses have been led , and governed , by the cuuidUy of _othere , whose interest it has _btieu to keep tliem in a state-of mental imbecility . Judging from theory rather ihan practice ,. working men have generally considered that unless tliey were classical scholars or ot * reputed talent till' ) ' COllld ba of little service in elevating thcir-conditiou in society . Thus they have either not made the-attempt ,. or lost confidence in themselves before they had accomplished their object . But surely there is a sort of knowledge , which , though nut taught in our p . ublic schools , . may he acquired by every man , and which , when once acquired , wiil be of more pvactical ' utiiity than all the scholastic- lore in the universe—nainciy . how best to use his powers for his own advantage and tbat of his fellow man . This is thc summum bonunt of all knowledge , an axiom that is engraven _iip _. ort our intellectual faculties . When a man lias ncnuircd

      that knowledge lie is independent ot more ; without it , he is little elevated above the brute recreation .. In order to effect any important change in the condition of the working _ciiisses two things . are _HCCCSS ' . _vvv * , iivst , _ibat tV . cy should _tiiiilerstand what is to bo done ; and , secondly , that tltey should have confidence in themselves , and in the fidelity of those who co-operate with them to accomplish ' - tlio same purpose . With these two points working men now seem to'hare determined" to grapple , and if theyhara done this , thoy have laid the foundation of success . The Board of Directors _« f the United Trades'

      Association , established for the employment of labour in agriculture and manufactures , finding that a spirit ox " inquiry exists _throughout the country as to the objects of this Association , and tlio manner in wliich it is proposed to accomplish those objects ; and feeling assured thatit'is-only necessary to carry out the twopoints abovc alluded to , have determined to send , forthwith , through thc various towns in the kingdom , talented working men , who will be able to elucidate the principles of the Association ; ami who , by thei _* . _* probity and experience , together with their known integrity , will fully answer the above purpose , and do justice to the cause they are sent to _stdvoca ' . e _. It is considered that working men , who are connected with , anil who understand the nature anit practical bearing of trades unions in general , as well as the powewjind position ofthe working classes , will serve the purpose move effectually than any others could do .

      Announcements will be _niadfe through _thz-JSbrthent Star and other periodicals as to _Jwhctt tho agents of thc Association will be visiting the various localities ; and it is confidently hoped that Trade Societies will render them every assistance by ' ¦ previously making local arrangements for the reception of such parties . " j Arrangements are in progress with'Mr . J . Skeltdit of London to commence the work proposed , and the town he will first visit will bo announced in oue next .

      _Giiaxd Itocessio . y c ? Mixcus at _Wiciax , A _IIonoui * ov W . P . _KoiiKiiTS , Esq . —Tho Miners of the Wigan district having purposed for some time past to do _hoiiom-jito their "Attorney-General , " for tke many legal victories he had achieved for them _, determined upon giving liim a . public entry into the town on Monday last ; and in order to make ifc worthy ofthe man and his labours , every Miner iu the district voluntarily laid asid _** his pick and spade to bo present on the occasion . The morning was most _tinfiiYourablc , th « rain falling without intermission until seven o ' clock , when thc sun broke through the clouds , causing the deep anxiety which _, was depietod in the countenances of the hardy SOUS of the mine to disappear under his invigorating ray- ? . With cheerful smiles they now began to wend

      their way to the general rendezvous , Irom whence , at nine o ' clock ' , with music playing and banners flying , thc procession moved down the Scholcs . At the bridge they wero joined by their champion in an open carriage , in which we observed also Mr . Crocolt , the county secretary ; Mr . John Berry ; and our old and respected townsman , Mr . Wm . Jjixon . The procession took thc following route * —• Up MiU-gttt 6 and _Slandishgalc , sis far as thc menument , when the procc 3 Sion returned to . the Market-place , and then proceeded along _Wnllgate , Queen-street , _Chapcl-lnne , over the Scholcs . _bridge , up Warrington-liuie , ilurdybuis , Manchester-road , to Hamberswood Common , where a hustings had , _IjOGti provided _l '» v the speaker * . In the procession were two very splendid new silk banners , provided

      forthe _occasion ; on one of whicn was the full-length _, figure of a working Minor , with a scroll in his hand , containing an appropriate motto . On the reverse was the raotto— " United wc stand , divided WCfilll . " Oil the other banner was a beautiful representation of the Miners' emblem , and ou the reverse " United we stand , divided we fall . " This was the largest gathering of Miners ever held in this country , thero being from S 00 O to 10 , 000 persons present . On the motion of Messrs . Dixon and llalgatc , Mr . John Berry w : _is unanimously called upon to preside . Mr . Berry opened the meeting by reading the placard , after which he said that when three years ago they held their first iiicetinir , the coal masters said that they would break up their unioiV in three months ; but , thank God , tliuir union was not broken , neither waa

      it sick , nor had it even wanted a doctor , lie hoped they would _conuhule the day as they had begun it—in peace and sobriety . The meeting was then addressed by Messrs . Dixon , llalgatc , Price , Dennct , and Mr Roberts , and the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That we , the Miners of Lancashire , feel convinced fl'Olll past experience and the evcry-day practices of the coal masters , that justice will never bo done to the working man until he is -mid for his work by weight instead of as now , by measure . We therefore , pledge ourselves that wc will not relax ill our exertions until this object is accomplished . "— " That we , the Miners of Lancashire , in a public meeting assembled , do hereby declare our unqualified confidence in tha

      principles ot restriction , believing tlie same to be eminently calculated to workout thc sal ration of the mineis of this county , and we recommend our brethren in every part of the country to adopt it without delay . " The procession was again formed and proceeded back to the town in thc same order as they left , and each party then departed to tliei _* .-rcspective club-houses , where substantial dinner * were provided for them . We have to add , that the proprietor of the New Patricroft Colliery gave his men £ 1 , and that Mr . Whailey presented the mcir in his employment with £ 3 and a ' small barrel of ale . He likewise gave - £ _* J to the musicians that played at the procession , What makes those gifts ot more value is , that they wero given without any solicitation on the part of the men .

      _Laxcasihiie Asn Ciu-smiti _* : Mixers . — The next cencral delegate meeting of Lancashire Miners will take plate on Monday next , the Ctll October , at the houseof Mr . _Jiiincs Lomas , Bull ' s Head , High-lane , near Ilazel-grovc , Cheshire ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . There will also be a public meeting , which will be addressed by _YT . P . Roberts , Esq .. and several other gentlemen . The levy for the fortnight , including general contributions , is ls . Cd . each member . Persons calling themselves members of the Miners' Association , comin » into Lancashire , will not be recognised as _sucS unless they produce printed credentials signed by tha secretary of the lodge , or district , to which they be long , and stamped with the lodge or district seal .

      Svr I Fc- : '! ¦1^ 1

      _SVr i _fc- _' ! ¦ 1 _^ 1

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_04101845/page/1/