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agriwlture an* ^ortitulturt •^m
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FIELD-GARDEN ' OPERATIONS. JW * &* ¦ «%*...
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THE ACTUAL PAID UP CAPITAL WILL OF £10
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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''¦ r _- :: _. ' : ' 'i ' . ' .:,... * .. _' . ......... ¦ .- » - ¦¦ October 4 , 1345 * THE n 6 _Rttf _fi _^ _'f-f _gTAK _, __„ _mj ~ - ~~ _T _aB _^ _-ggg- / .... _-== _^ . _—^ - _^—* _^ m _^ mn _\^^*^^ n _^ mm * _imi _^ im _&^^^^^^^*^^^^^^^^^^!? ' —¦ ., . . ¦¦* . _<• - ¦¦— ¦ — ¦¦¦— m - _.. _ A _ i * 1 . ?_ , lAH / . _ai-t _ttrtbinl-. _.. ¦
Agriwlture An* ^Ortitulturt •^M
_agriwlture an * _^ _ortitulturt _•^ m
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FIELD-GARDEN ' OPERATIONS . _JW * _&* ¦ _« % _**—»« _aw J _«»* v » a * - _»* . _¦»« . I _ITrfaacted from a Diabt of Actual Operaiwnsanhve aiSSfon _" heeatate 3 ofthckte Airs . D . Gilbert S _bSwiuc . in Sussex ; and on several model ? _™ tJin estates ot tlie Earl of Dartmouth at fSffi £ lin To _& re . published by Air . _JfowU . ofFamlev Tvas , near nuddersfield , in order to guide o _& er possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , ol
five acres each , conducted by ( j . _Lruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevin"t on—all of them within a few miles of _h-astlxrnrne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diary is aided by ** 2 _* . otes and Observations" from the pen of Air . _Lowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
» ' It is a very pleasant sight to see children _engagetl in useful and healthy labour upon a spot of ground ivhich they can call their own ; they shall be kept apart from the ¦ tice and _foUy of the young mun of the city . " Koie * —The school farms are cultivated by boys , who in return for three hours' teaching in the morning , give three hours of tlieir labour in the afternoon for '¦ the master ' s benefit , which raiders tlie _scltools self-SEPPORTIXG . We believe that at Farnly Tyas _sixteenths of the produce of tlie sehjol farm udll br assigned ta the boys , ynd one-seventh to the master who will receive the usual school-fees , help the boys to eultivute their land , and teach them , in addition to reading , vjriting , _d-c ., to convert tlieir produce into iacdn , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmas mag be divided , of ter , _jwyiny rent and levy , amongst them iu proportion to their services , and be made thus indirecdy to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ' ]
SUSSEX . Mosdat *— W _jOmgdon School . Boys digging for winter tares . Eastdean School . Sixteen boys digging up , and gathering potatoes . Piper . Turning dung heap , and emptying tank . Dumbrell . Thrashing oats , sowing rye and tares . _TuMDAT—Willingdon School . Boys thrashing two bushels of wheat , to go to Yorkshire for seed . Eastdean School . Boys digging , & e ., for rye . Piper . Chalking the potatoe ground for wheat . Dumbrell Harrowing , digging ; thrashing oats . _Wedsesdav—IFiffinpiioii Scliool . Wet weather , tying up straw in the barn . Eastdean School . Boys digging np stubble , manuring , and sowing wintei tares . Piper . Sowing rye . Dumbrell . Thrashim
oats _, trussing straw . _Thubbdat— _-IVHttingdon School . Boys digging for winter tares . Eastdean School . Emptying tank and piggery , gathering potatoe haulm , liper . Digging wheat ground for tares , is very particular in taking out weeds , Dumbrell . Thrashing oats , trussing straw . Fbidat—WiUingdon School . Boys digging for winter tares . Eastdean _Scluiol . Boys carrying manure for _wieat , _picking out weeds . Piper . Sowing tares by hand in the drills . Dumbrell . Thrashing oats , digging . Saturday —WiMngchn School . Boys sowing winter tares . Eastdean Scliool . Boys _emptying portable pails , cowhouse tank , school cleaning . Piper . Sowing tares . Dumbrell . Winnowing oats .
COW-EEEDEiG . WShngdon School . Cows feeding on white turnips , clover , and a little chaff . Piper ' s . Feeding as before . MmbreU's . One cow stall-fed till Tuesday , with Italian xye grass , and cabbage . On "Wednesday , with mangel wurzel leaves , turnips , and oat chaff Thursday , potatoes , turnips , mangel wurzel leaves , green rye , oat chaff . Friday and Saturday , with Italian rye grass , oat chaff . One cow and heifer , on Monday , stall-fed on white turnips and tares . Tuesday , staked out on thc young clover , and fed mom anil even with carrots , tares , and straw . Wednesday , stall-fed on potatoes , turnips , carrots , and oat chaff . Thursday , staked out in clover , stall-fed with turnips , carrots , tares , oat chaff . Friday and Saturday the same .
Potatoe Geitisg . —WJien yoa dig up your potatoes , do not neglect to dig the space _between the rows , by doing which your ground will be quite clean and ready for dibbling the wheat as you proceed with the potatoe getting , as follows : — WttEAT after Pomoes . —Clear away two or three rows of potatoes at once , draw your drills as before directed , and sow or dibble the wheat as you proceed ; on the latter plan let your seeds be placed six inches asunder , two and a half or three inches deep , cover np and tread them in well .
Potatoes jlvd Wheat ix Successiox .- — "On Sir G . Gay ley ' s allotments , it is usual to have one half in wheat , the other half in potatoes , changing the crops every year , thc part in wheat of one year , l » ing cropped thc year following with potatoes , and vice versa . On this short rotation the land has not diminished , but actually increased in fertility . For the last ten yeara the produce of wheat has heen forty bushels to the acre , in some cases fifty-four , while for the twenty years preceding , thirty-six bushels was the average . The half acre of potatoes , and others supplied by the garden , are usually consumed by the pigs . Cottagers have been known to sell twenty pounds worth of pigs , besides their families being well supplied with bacon 13 And some cottagers , who have the happy fortune to be blessed -with careful wives , and good cows , Lave sent J 2 B » s .
of butter to market per week , during the flush of the feed . " Another instance of a quick succession of crops is thatof S . Bridge , of Stock Green , near Feckenham , Worcestershire . He cultivates four acres of poor land entirely b y the spade . liis crops for the most part are successively wheat and potatoes . This he has fallowed with great success fur twenty-four years . As soon as the wheat is off , he breast-ploughs his stubble ground , raking up the stubble to litter the pigs . De then digs it over with a fork , and plants on it potatoes in the following spring ; this crop being kept clean , the land needs no further preparation for wheat . Ills average produce has been forty bushels ol wheat per acre , and twelve tons of potatoes per acre . The source of manure is the pigs which he keeps upon a part of the produce ; the potatoe haulm , stubble , and straw are , of course , carefully husbanded for this purpose .
Db . _JonssoN os AGiuccLTcnE . —The labour of the farmer gives employment to the manufacturer , aud -yields asupportforthe otherparts of the community : it is the spring which sets the whole grand machiue -of commerce in motion , and the sail could not be spread without the assistance of the plough . Of nations , as of individuals , the first blessing is independence . Neither the man nor the people can be happy , to whom any human power can deny thc necessaries or conveniences of life . There is no wav Of livini without the need of foreign assistance , by the product of our own land , improved by our own labour . Every other source of plenty is perishable or casual . By agriculture only can commerce be perpetuated , and by agriculture alone can we live in plenty without intercourse with other nations . This , therefore , is the great art which every government ought to protect , every proprietor of lands to practise , and every inquirer into nature to improve .
Coxuvation of Cottage Ali . oijie . vts . —The follow ing is a short account ofthe system 1 consider best adapted for the most profitable cultivation of one acre of land , to suit the cottager : —Divide the land into three equal parts , containing 531 perches each . Separate these portions by small alleys of such a size as will permit a wheelbarrow to pass along with manure , and also for weeding the crops , or applying liquid manure to them . The liquid manure to be collected in a well-constructed tank suited to the cottage . One portion , or 53 _J perches , should be planted with early potatoes , to be succeeded by turnips , broccoli , savoys , lettnee , and mangold wurzel transplanted . Thcsecond division should be planted ¦ with potatoes , in April , forthenextsummer _' s supply
ine suoamsions oi tne tnira , or remaining portion « ihonld be as follows : —20 perches planted with early Wellington and Battersea cabbages , tobe succeeded fey transplanted Swedes ; 2 with carrots ; 4 with parsnips ; 3 with bpans ; 3 with peas ; 1 with onions ; -J of a perch with leeks , lettnee , « tc . ; 2 perches sown with various small seeds , sneh as broccoli , early York , lettnee , and savoys , to afford a supply of plants to fill vacancies that may occur ; £ perches sown _vrith Swedes , whieh , when " thinned , willgive a supply of plants for dibbling after the 20 perches of early cabbages ; A perches sown with mangold wurzel for transplanting , after the early potatoes mentioned in the first division . Ten perches should be sown with
-wheat , wniea ** ui supply the family with nice bread _and hotcake for Christmas . The mangolds , swedes , aad cabbage strippings will afford excellent _feedin- _* - for pigs , and will produce excellent pork when properly attended to . There should also be planted , either as standards or espaliers , 12 dwarf apple trees -t plum trees , i pear trees , 4 down of gooseberry bushes , and 4 dozen currant trees . By adopting this system the cottager and his family will enjoy the -sweets and comforts of their labour . " The three portions in which the land is divided can nndergo alternate changes or rotations of cropping , and one of « em should be trenched each succeeding year . — _^ amel Began , Practical Land Steward . Abridged irom , the Dublin FarmersGazette .
' _^ fifc _-T _Tcnxirs .-Bian ( the husk of witk Whs ? experimentally , in comparison * he _fieldMdl-i ! i co , P cr a « c _> and the part of "with bones _if _* _proved s « P « ior to that pari drilled _than four or five _^ T ° i araen ( le ( l mt to _«* e more dered thereb y should d _& fermentation _engenat ite present value f } ro ? t ]« " seed ; this quamitv _^« iaa 4 a _^^^ rer ton , _wo-Jd * _, _« _£ - js . or _^ os ., and as the
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bran could be obtained at any time from the nearest miller , its whole expense would be its first cost—a point ot great consideration in the midland counties _, vre need not send to South Africa for _guatrt o be sold at £ 10 per ton , if we had sufficient nn _* nare at our own doors to be purchased at £ 5 per ton , more especially as by taking the bran out ot the market , it has the twofold benefit of producing greatly increased crops , and indirectly Dy allowing US to obtain a better sale for the hay and oat ** , wliich must be substituted for the bran so used . —Agri . Gas . Important Discovert . —In the Geological Section ofthe British Association for the Advancement of Science , a communication was made by Professor Uenslow that promises to be of great importance te die English agriculturists . In the red crag , London clay , and green sand , there abound nodules whicli have been found on analysis to yield 50 per cent , of phosphate of lime and phosphate of iron , and these
nodules are in great abundance . Phosphate of lime is the most valuable manure ; and as the supply ol bones , from which it has hitherto been chiefly obtained , is diminishing , the importance of the discovery will bo seen . So important , indeed ,-was it _considered to have a new source for the supply of phosphates , that Dr . Daubeny visited Spain , to examine a reported natural phosphate formation in Estremadura , but he found that it was confined to a small space , and difficult of access . It now seems , however , that the agriculturists of the eastorn counties possess an abundant , quantity ofthis manure under their lands . A discussion arose as to the nature of the nodules , it being the opinion of Professor Henslow and Mr . Solly that they are formed of the exuvise of animals , as fragments of animals are found among them ; but Dr . Buckland contended that they are aggregations , and that the phosphates they contain are derived from tbe iron which enters into their composition .
Prolific Wheat . —In the harvest of 1840 , Mr . C . Spring , of Soham , Cambridgeshire , gathered from one of his fields , eighteen -very fine ears of wheat ( which were five , six , and seven set ) , the proceeds of which filled a common wine glass . Thc above were planted the following autumn and produced one peck , which was again planted November 3 , 1841 , and produced seven bushels and one peck ; planted the •• ame November 2 , 1842 , the produce 108 bushels and 2 pecks ; whieh was again planted in the autumn of 1843 , and produced 1 , 868 bushels . Thus the increase from the 18 ears , in the short space of four years , was the enormous quantity of 407 coombs !
To make _Crkam Cheese . —TaKe one part of very rich cream , a little soured , put it ill a linen cloth and tie it as close to the cream as you can . Then hang it up to drain for two days ; take it down , and carefully turn it into a clean cloth , and hang it up for two or more days ; then take it down and , having pnt a piece of linen on a deep soup plate , turn your cheese upon it . Cover it over with your linen ; keep turning it every day on a clean plate and clean cloth until it is ripe , which wiil be about ten days or a fortnight , or it may be longer , aa depends on the heat of the weather . Sprinkle a little salt on the outside , when you turn it . If it is wanted to ripen quick , keep it covered with mint , or nettle leaves . . The size made from a quart of cream is most convenient , but if wished larger , they can be made so .
Gvaxo—By Professor Johnson . —Guano is the name given to the accumulated dung , chiefly of sea-birds , which _is'found upon the rocky promontories , and on the islands , that skirt the coast of South America , from the 13 th to the 21 st degree of south latitude . In that part of America , the climate being very dry , the droppings of the birds have decomposed with exceeding slowness , and upon some spots have continued to accumulate for many centuries , forming layers , more or less extensive , of 10 , 20 , and at certain places it is said even of GO feet in thickness . In some places , the more ancient of these deposits are covered by layers of drift sand , which tend further to preserve them from decay . In our moist climate , tlie dung of the sea-fowl is readily washed away by the rains , so that even where sea-birds most abound , no
considerable quantity of guano can ever be expected to collect . The droppings of birds and fowls , however , particularly when they can be collected before being decomposed , form one of the most powerful of known manures / This arises , in part , trom the circumstance , tliat , in the economy of birds , there is no final separation between the liquid and solid excretions , as in animals . Both escape mixed together from the same aperture . The immediate effect of this kind of manure depends upon the quantity of soluble matter it contains , and this varies much according to its age , and to the circumstances under which it has been preserved . The soluble matter of recent droppings consists of uric acid in small quantity , of urate , sulphate , and especially of carbonate of ammonia , common salt , and sulphate of potash ; the insoluble , chiefly of phosphate oflime ( bone earth ) , with a little phosphate of magnesia , and a variable mixture of sand and other earthy matters . The uric acid and urea gradually undergo decomposition , and are
changed into carbonate and other salts of ammonia . If applied to the land when this stage of decomposition is attained , they form an active , powerful , and immediately operating manure * , but if allowed to remain exposed to the air for a lengthened period of time , the salts of ammonia , gradually volatilize , and the efficacy of what remains becomes greatly diminished . Hence , thc guano which is imported into this country is very variable in quality , some samples being capable of yielding only 7 per cent , of ammonia , while others are said to give as much as 25 per cent . When the dung of birds orlbwls is intended to be kept , it should be mixed with dry vegetable soil , or made into a compost with earth and sawdust , with a portion of pulverised _, or charred peat , with charcoal , with gypsum , or with burnt clay , broken tiles , for instance , reduced to powder . The dung of hens and geese often accumulates , decomposes , and runs to waste about farm-yards , when , with little care , it might be collected in considerable quantities .
Guano , as imported into this country , is very variable in its composition . Dr . Ure gives the following as thc average result of his analysis of genuine guano : Per cent . Organic matter containing nitrogen , including uraia of ammonia , and capable of affording from 8 to 17 par ceut of ammonia lay slow decomposition iu the soil 50 "Water 11 Phosphate of lime 25 Ammonia , phosphate of magnesia and ammonia , and oxalate of ammonia , containing ; from 4 to 9 per cent of ammonia 13 Siliceous or sandy matter from the crops of the birds 1 100
It may , however , almost be taken for granted , that very little of what comes to this country is so rich in soluble matter , containing ammonia or its elements , as is represented by this analysis . Still there can now be no doubt , that any ofthe samples yet brought to Britain may be advantageously applied as a manure to almost any crop . From the most remote period , guano has been the chief manure applied to the land on the parched shores of Peru ; ana at the present day , it is not only applied for the same purpose in the provinces which he along the coast , but it is also carried across the desert of Atacama , many leagues inland , "on the backs of mules over rough mountain paths , and at a great expense , for the use of the agricultural districts of Peru and Bolivia . " It has been estimated that 100 , 000 quintals ( equal to lOlfcs .
avoirdupoise each ) , are at the present day annually sold in Peru . There , also , the quality and the price vary , the recent white guano selling usually at 3 s . 6 d ., the more recent red and grey varieties at 2 s . 3 d . per cwt . In this country , the latter , the only variety yet imported , sells at present at about 10 s . per cwt . In regard to the effects of guano upon various crops , many important experimental results were obtained in 1842 . These results seem to show , that guano is more uniformly successful with root crops than when applied a 3 a top-dressing to com and grass . The unusual drought which prevailed in 1842 no doubt materially diminished its action , when used as atop-dressing ; and thc results upon the corn crops , in a more moistseason , may probably prove more generally favourable to its use as an economical manure . In respect to turnips and potatoes , the results are very gratifying , since they seem to show that this light and portable
manure may be substituted with safety and great advantage for farm-yard dung . Some experiments seem already to indicate , that the favourable influence of guano does net eease with the first Beason . If the phosphate oflime which bones contain operate in any way prolonging thoir fertilizing qualities , the large , though variable , quantity of this phosphate contained in guano , should render this latter substance also capable of permanently improving the soil . By exposure to the air , guano gradually gives off a portion of its volatile constituents ; it ought , therefore , to be kept in covered vessels or casks . It also , in our climate , absorbs moistur e from the air , and therefore should be purchased as soon as possible after importation . When applied as a top-dressing , it may be conveniently mixed with an equal weight of gypsum or wood ashes , with charcoal powder , or with fine dry soil .
With respect to artificial manures , parhcnkr . y bones and guano , another writer says : "The farmer must see that he buys the genuine material . Let him buy from a first-rate dealer , who will warrant the manure genuine , and let him pay a fair value for it , or he need not be surprised if he lose his crop , and what money he lays out for the adulterated cheap stuff . We by no means disparage artificial manures . Some of these are very good . Bones have been long tried , and proved to be of substantial benefit in agriculture . Their effect is lasting , and their chemical action , as manure , will , we have no doubt , be greatly felt in the breaking up of lands whieh , years before , bad oeen sown down after a turnip crop manured wilh bones . In this way we think it very unlikely that bones will be entirely given up and guano substituted ; while , however , we have as little doubt that guano will also be extensively and successfully used as a cheap and efficacious mauuie . As to guano , if thc fanner is resolved to try it , let him sec that he pays a fair price , that he gets it from a respectable
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dealer , and in applying it to the ground with a turnip crop , he-ought to have the manure nicely mixed with a certain proportion of ashes , to make it sow more easily ; and , above all , the land should be thoroughly cleaned and pulverised , and the weather and _irround dry , when the manure is put in and the _scfid sown . "
THE GREAT EUROPEA 2 [ The portion of ihe Earth comprehended wider this title embodies a population of 23 G , 000 , 000 souls . No % tions of the present Company . " ] ( PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED PUR !
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RAILWAYS' COMPANY . vers an extent of 3 , ? 00 , 000 English square miles , and t of England , however , _ivill be included in thc opera-AST TO 7 th AND 8 th VIC , Cap . 110 . )
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LONDON . City Localitt . — -Mr . Cooper ' s eighth lecture , last Sunday _eyening , was more throngly attended than any former one . Mr . Overton was chairman , and , aftor one of the " reople-Songs" had been sung , introduced the lecturer . Mr . Cs leading theme for the evening was the English commonwealth ; hut he introduced it by a picturesque description of tlio Gunpowder Plot in the reign of James I ., and a somewhat humorous portrait of the English " Solomon" himself . The hypocritical and tyrannical Charles I . was al 60 boldly sketched ; and when , after describing his wilful and despotic rule of eleven years without a Parliament , his _lerying of war upon his subjects , and , above all , the finding of his vile and murderous letters in the messenger ' s saddle , while ho was promising peace and good-will—when tho lecturer cnme to ask " What could be done with such a man ? " a general
echo ofthe querj seemed to go through the audience , and the trial and execution of the despot were detailed with a feeling amongst the audience that seemed to proclaim that was the natural end of such a course . The government of Cromwell was also honestl y described to have been vigorous and politic , and to have displayed far higher monarchic qualities than the feeble and wavering course of many "born kings . " Yet the hypocrisy of much of the Protector ' s course was unswervingly opened ; and amidst the more interesting features of the lecture , was the picture of the fanatical , but high-minded and unsubduablo George Fox , the Quaker . The immortal patriots Hampden , Eliot , Pym , Selden , St . John , Hollis , _Haslerig , Fleetwood , _Ireton , Bradshaw , Marten , Algernon Sydney , and , above all , the incorruptible Hutchinson , were _eneYgtjtieaUy depictured ; and the lecture closed with a very brief sketch of the characters and reigns of Charles 11 . and lames II .
Greenwich and Deptfobd _LOCAWTT . —Mr . Cooper lectured here , in the large room of the George and Dragon , Blackheath-hill , last Tuesday evening . There was a good attendance , and Mr . Shaw , of London , was chosen chairman . One of tlio lecturer ' s " People-Songs" were sang ; and the ehnirmaTi then made some very Suitable Observations , concluding with the introduction of the lecturer . Mr . Cs subject , according to announcement , was " the true character of the insurrection under Wat Tyler , in the reign of _Rieliard the Second . " He first described the state of the country preceding the insurrection—tha spirit kindled by Wiekliffe—the reports of the doings of the Jacquerie in France , and the success of the insurrection under Van Artaveldt , the brewer of Ghent , in the low countries—the villainage or serfdom which had so long existed—and lastly , the griavous and unjust poll-tax . The extent of the insurrection in Norfolk , under Lister , the tanner—in _Suffbllc , under
Westbroom—in Essex , under the priest who took the name of Jack Straw—and iu Kent , under Wat Tyler and John Ball , the Wiekliffe or Lollard preacher—was graphically _described . Tho assembly of 200 , 000 men on Blacklieath —the march to London—the beheading of Simon of Sudbury , Archbishop and Chancellor , with other of the young king ' s ill-advisers- _^ tho boldness and craft of the king _hinistlf , and the treacherous massacre of Wat Tyler , wiih the falsehood of the king and his counsellors , who broke their word after promising charters to tho people , were severally narrated ; and the insurrection , in spite of its failure , was shewn to havo had the effect of commencing the abolition of villainage ( whereby the serf could be sold with the soil ) although the king and parliament , at first , declared it should not . Mr . Cooper concluded with a fervid exhortation to zeal among working men , and to a more hearty and persevering union for the People ' s Charter .
_HammeesmiTH . —At the weekly meeting held at tne Dun Cow , Brook Green-lane , tho members took Into consideration the _distressed circumstances ofour brother Llewellyn , caused by the villanous persecution to which he has been subjected , on account ofhis firm adhesion to the principles of the People ' s Charter ; and it was unanimously agreed to present him with five shillings from the fund , at the same time recommending his case to our Chartist brethren .
STOCKPORT . Lecture . —On Sunday evening last , Mr . Thomas Clark lectured in the Association-room , on the " present state and future prospects of thc people's cause . " The meeting was a numerous one , and strict attention was paid to the lecture . At the close of the meeting , a handsome collection was made for the tunds ofthe Association . Several large firms in this town have their weavers working short time ( four days a week ) . The reason assigned by thc _employers is , that they cannot get a remunerating price for cloth . They ave manufacturing twist yarn for exportation , to be ivoven abroad , whilst the weavers at home are walking about only half employed . In a short time foreigners " will be able to make their own twist , " and then both spinners and weavers will be out of employment .
LANCASHIRE . _Tns South Lancashire Delegate Meeting was held in the Working Man ' s Hall , Ilorscdge-strcct , Oldham , on Sunday last—Mr . John Buvdekmin the chair . Delegates from the following places were present : —Manchester , Mr . Donovan ; Oldham ,-Mr . Burdekin and Mr . Ilonner ; Rochdale , Mr . Bake ; Heywood , Mr . Bell . The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed , after which thc following sums were paid to the secretary for the Executive . - —Oldham , 7 s . _fd . ; Heywood , for three months , os . Cd . ; Rochdale , 13 s . 2 d . ; ditto , a friend 3 d .: ditto , a friend , Cd . Total sum for Executive ,
Al vs . Proceeds of levy for camp meeting lor the County Fund , 8 d . The following resolutions were passed unanimously : *— " That we , tlie county council of South Lancashire , do sympathise with Wm . Dixon , late reporter of the Northern Star for Manchester , and do recommend his case to the country , but most particularly to the Chartists of South Lancashire and North Lancashire , * and we earnestly hope that every Chartist -will respond to the appeal made by Mr . O ' Connor , and which we now most sincerely repeat in behalf of Mr . Dixon . " " That a levy of one penny be levied for the next month . " * ' That our secretary ' s travelling expenses and bill for postage ,
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& e ., be paid . " " That our _tifixt delegate meeting be held the last Sunday in Oototor , at ten o ' clock a . m ., in the Chartist Association Room , Mill-street , Rochdale . " "That wo adjourn until the last Sunday in October . " LIVERPOOL . Pubhc Meeting . —On Tuesday evening , Mr . M'Grath addressed a spirited meeting in the Theatre , Christian-street , on the Charter and Land . Mr . W . Jones presided on the occasion . The proceedings of the evening gave much satisfaction .
COCKERMOUTH . Public Meeting . — -A numerous meeting of tho inhabitants of this town assembled in the Town Hall to hear a lecture from Mr . M'Grath , on the " Land —its capabilities , and thc way to get it . " Mr . Peat was appointed to the chair , who very appropriately introduced the all-engaging subject . The lecturer gave universal satisfaction . The society here is going on prosperously . *
' WIGTON . Punuc Meeting . —On Saturday evening we were favoured with a visit from Mr . M'Grath , for the purpose of expounding the rules and objects ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Soeiety . The use of the Primitive _Meliiodiat Chapel was granted for the meeting . The lecture , which lasted upwards of two hours , frequently elicited the applause of the meeting . Several copies of the _ruleB were taken , and twenty persons enrolled themselves members ofthe society .
DALSTON . Public Meeting . —On Sunday Mr . M'Grath addressed an out-door meeting ofthe inhabitants of this little village . The result was the formation of a branch ofthe society , which bids fair to prosper . CARLISLE . Public Meeting . —According to announcement by placards , a meeting was held in the theatre , to afford Mr . M'Grath an opportunity of addressing the inhabitants of the town on the Land , and the plan propounded by the National Charter Association for its obtainment . Mr . Richardson was unanimously called to the chair . Thc lecture , which was long and lucid , gave universal satisfaction . The spirit of inquiry was indicated by a large number of the rules being purchased by the audience . We hold Weekly meetings of the branch , and are steadily increasing its numbers .
OLDHAM . _ Lecture . —On Sunday last , Mr . T . Tattersall delivered a very energetic Lecture on " the Land , " in the _Working Man ' s * hall . The audience listened with _ereat attention , and the address gave generalsatisfaction . To the London _Cobdwainebs . —Shopmate _? , — - Although nearly eighteen years of varied fortune and misfortune have gone over my head since I " bent over thc last and wielded the awl , " I still delight in the old familiar word of fellowship by which it is the
pride of all jolly lads of " the gentle craft" to hail each other . I shall indeed be proud and gladto assist in carrying out Mr . Shute ' s suggestion , which I observe in the last number of the - Cardwainers ' Companion . I thank Mr . Shute for his very friendly and flattering expressions of regard ; and shall say no more , in conclusion , than that I shall look forward with pleasurable anticipations to the approaching feast of " Crispin Crispian , " in the hope that I shall pass the evening surrounded with many happy hearts and joyous faces of our honourable order . —I am , shop-nates , yours right heartily , Thomas Coopeb . —134 . _Blaclifriars-road , Oct , 1 st , 1815 .
Noam Lancashire Miners . —The Belthorne and Broadfields Colliers ave still out . They thankfully acknowledge the following sums received for their support ' : —Darwcn Colliers , £ 10 . Baxendaleditto , £ 4 . Swinsham ditto , £ 2 , Blaclibui'ii Spinners , £ 19 s . Cd . Funden ditto , 0 s . Gd . Enfield ditto , Ss . 6 d . Marsden friends , os . Haskinden ditto , 3 s . Richard Eales , Cd . Duckworth-hall Colliers , 4 s . Brookside , ditto , £ 1 2 s . Cd . Darwen Spinners , 3 s . Od . Bottom district , ' £ 1 . Blackum corn-millers , Gs . Mr .
Bettersly , Cd . Oliver Bolane , draper , 2 s . Cd . Benj . Whaley , Is . Ti omas Livesey , ls . George Wright , 6 d . Richard Proudlove , Cd . Macharis order , 2 s . W . Ditto , honest men , 5 s . George Dunbury , Is . Garbot ' s men , lis . Friend , 2 s . Cd . John Bicup , Haworth , tailor , 2 s . Cd . Little Leaver district : Farmers ' Arms , 10 s . Ditto , Rose Tavern , 2 s . Cd . Ditto , Horse-shoe , 3 s . 3 d . Ditto , Robin Hood , 2 s . Cd . Ditto , Bull ' s Head , 3 s . Gd . Wigan district : Johnston ' s men , 10 s . Dean Church , 10 s . Chorley District . 10 s . Little Hutton No . 3 Lodge , 10 s . Friends ,
F . II . B ., £ 1 . A _Deleoate Meeting m the Uniteb Tailors ' Protection Society was held on Sunday , the 21 st instant , in the Rose and Crown , Bolton . The following delegates wero present : —Mr . Douglas , No . 1 section , Bolton ; Mv . Barrett , No . 2 , Bolion ; Mr . M'Cann , Manchester ; Mr . Richardson , Leith ; Mr . Mitchol , Ashton-under-Lyne ; Mr . Leonard , Staleybridge ; Mr . Hall , Glossop ; Mr . Leach , Hyde , district secretary . The Executive money was paid to the secretary by each delegate , in proportion to the nnmber of members in the district . Tho following resolutions were agreed to : — " That all relief shall be stopped on all cards belonging to the Spread Eagle
Society , Manchester , until they relieve protection cards . "— "That this district is prepared to pay for the support of a lecturer , if other districts will join thorn . "—" That a levy be made throughout thc district to defray the expenses of calling a public meeting in Ashton-under-Lyne . "— " That the names of all dishonourable members of thc trade be reported to the district secretary , and that Mr . Leach be re-elected to the office of secretary . " — " That a brief report of the meeting be sent to the Northern Star for insertion , also to the Bolton Free Press and Chronicle . " Thanks having been voted to the president , the meeting was adjourned to the White Lion Inn , Hyde , to take place in December next .
Fortifying Sheerness . —The fortifications of this garrison are to be considerably strengthened , and seventy guns are to be immediately placed onthe old batteries . A detachment of the Royal Sappers and Miners has commenced work on the south side , near thc _drawbridge , by throwing out the mud ana clay from the adjoining moat , also raising it higher , and a large number of masons has also boon set to work to complete the job . The greatest activity prevails throughout thc whole of the official departments , whicli leads the inhabitants to think that a " storm is brewing . "
The Actual Paid Up Capital Will Of £10
THE ACTUAL PAID UP CAPITAL WILL OF £ 10
Deposit , 10 s . per Share , being the highest amount al ] OFFICES OF THE COMPANY , [ A more detailed Prospectus , containing the _nanu powerful Provisional Committee , with a complete list taries , Share-brokers ( London and Provincial ) , with and will shortly he ready for delivery . ]
PRELIMINARY AMID thc many and the mighty records of man ' s existence to the unceasing energies and boundl search in Tain the historical monuments oi departed annals ofa nation ' s greatness , than the iron roads of commerce , which , extending in every direction their intersecting in its length as in its breadth the entire thousand miles , momentarily traversed with almost 1 ; Most truly has it been observed that "the philoso _* hended by the universal world ; daily and rapidly thc
they are , in fact , self-sustaining ' social instrument diminishing the cost of transit , are not only increasiu enterprise , new capital , new wants . " If any changes yet await them ( and , doubtless , thei from one stage of improvement to another : but soo universal , though the broad guage , by reason of its si ultimately clash with the narrow , and the maximum speed hereafter , for while an engine manufactured in and Liverpool in less than six hours , we behold anot less than four .
lhe assertion may appear , at first mention , astoun happy ignorance of the great advantages of railroads been the actual interest only , paid by Railway Con present time , that the effect has positively been to < Shareholders , over and aboye the gross amount of caj ONE HUNDRED M The primary and the principal ; object of this Conii continental Europe , as well as in our British _possessil wealth , and all her energies , has , from her very limil comparatively in miniature , viz ., the construction of power a still more gigantic seheme of passenger traffi as the various Foreign Steam Navigation Companies With such important views , and national as well Directors , with ample resources at their command ii practically and intimately acquainted with the vamt
specially delegated , on behalf of the Company , to British and Foreign Governments , and by contracts c holders m the present Company , to secure the _concess which to the extent of several thousand miles througl only of British enterprise , combin « d with British cap An engineering staff , on a scale of liberality SUfficil and as perfect in its several appointments as the ver testimonials ) , can constitute it , will accompany a cho guide their judgment on scientific questions , and to r < < " construction , and the precise nature of the several _i the Directors purposely omit all mention of engine physical impossibilities , experience daily proves that _pense , and consequent amount of interest , and i the special consideration of financiers ( rather than disposed of .
"With a view to ensure not only names of high com fluence with Foreign States , but also practically effich has been constituted liberally remunerative ; thus eve lies Hie secret power of rendering thc present project < takings , in the interest of all of wliich ho must nccess Every grant for a Railroad secured by the _succcssfi separate and distinct Railway Company , and everv par of a proportionate number of the new shares in ev in the present one : such claim to be made by the pro seven clear days previous to every allotment of shaves
The Actual Paid Up Capital Will Of £10
5 ONE MILLION STERLING ; IN SHARES EACH . red by the Provisionsof theTth and 8 th Vic , Cap . 110 . T . HELEN'S PLACE , LONDON . of the Trustees , the Board of Directors , and a most ' the Bankers , Counsel , _Kngineers , Solicitors , Secrcthc officers of the company , is in course of formation ,
_SNOUNCEMENT . icovcries in tho arts and sciences , whicli owe their s wealth of this commercial empire , posterity will es , to discover one more wonderful or valuable in the e nineteenth century—those magnificent highways of igantic trunks and literally countless branches , and ingdom of Great Britain , are , tothe extent of some ltning rapidity , by the potent agency of Steam , y of railroads is only now beginning to be _compreare developing neiv and important views of society ; that by cheapening innumerable commodities , and consumption , but creating , as it were , in savings new
are some ) , they are changes merely of progression v or later the adoption of railroads must oecome _jiosed increased safety , with increased speed , should our present velocity should become the minimum of Hi cannot accomplish thc distance between London r constructed in 1845 traversing the same space in ng to those quite unacquainted with the fact , and in ven as investments , yet so highly remunerative has inies on the amount of money called for up to the ¦ ate a new and independent property for Railway al advanced by them , of upwards of . LIONS STERLING .
_nv is to accomplish , on the more extensive field of j _throughout the world , what England , with all her _i extent alone , only succeeded as yet in carrying out tailroads , * in other words , to accomplish by steam inland than those extensive fleets of steamers , known England , liave hitherto maintained at sea . individual interests sincerely at heart , accredited -everal instances most favourably connected , in all i localities they are destined to proceed to , will be ter into negociations with Continental States and ihe most favourable nature for the interest of
Sharen of the many exceedingly valuable lines of railway it the world , still await the immediate application 1 , to be effectually and successfully carried out . tly great to meet tlie magnitude ot tho undertaking , ii < -hest order of merit ( supported by unexceptionable _i body of the Directors throughout their travels to _> rt on engineering matters , Buch as earth-works , costs Is and gradients . ing difficulties , because , with the single exception of ey resolve themselves into the simple , question of exi therefore , more properly speaking , matters for _engineers ) , by whom they will be fully debated and
• rcial standing , and possessing likewise extensive _in-; working Directors , the Executive of this Company Director will feel that in his own personal services y the first of a series of eminently sucoessfuhinder-1 } participate . _negotiations of this Company , will be constituted a Ider of Shares herein will bo entitled to the call at y Companv , according to the number he may possess ction of the original shares at the Company ' s office i each Company .
The Actual Paid Up Capital Will Of £10
The Bankers' receipt will be . given to eat . Company within twenty-one days after the date fixed f 0 r t exchanged for a certificate at ifi « j Office of the w jth this condition will subject the bUOSCnbcr to the fo payment of such deposit . The non- c 6 _topfia * efi _. umiertaking . , m feitureof his or her deposit , and ot all interest m in- , --de in this Company , beyond the first payment ofi a No further call , under any circumstances ,- will be nu . +- _| ve Directors shall have actually obtaine d the „ * per share , nor in any other Company until such time a _*> " ' way , and then only when such second payiC liminary ministerial concession of some foreign ; line of E » i > . the original deposit money , or lor the " imn _* < shall have become necessary , either for replacing aura relemm _^ . of which payment will be given iu _« . diate _progress of thc public works of sueh Railway , _dae mim . aiM i - the Public Journals oft ? London Gazette , the Daily Morning and Evening Lmdon Pa ! $ _xHf > , " _» country contributing the grant . v _.-utv ' _1 Company , and until such _« _, *• From thc period of the concession of any line of Railway obtained by _Efc . ''' . yearly to the _Subsci-i JS ? r ' line ia opened , interest at the rate of 4 per cent pcr annum Will be paaK ? An _» - "" Us oi the amount paid np by them in evevy such subsequent Company . „ , _„„«" ,. _;* jW every Company Imf u Subsequent to the opening of each and every entire line & _TMC ,, th _^ proftfo _^ ' A _"« the present one ( wherein thc deposit money is expressly guarantee * to be _JWurneU , aauffiei-1 , y " _" _*» o | Railways for which it is advanced shall be obtained ) will be divided as Mb ** _^ _ASj _^^^ f _^ be set apart as a sinkingfund , for the gradual return of the entire capital- . te * _eSJ » _. 4 snPi . _fiK * dividend of 5 per cent , per annum will be paid to the Shareholders on tb » _aiiioeh-i oi _™ ° c _S , _° , , , w ; thirdly , the surplus will be divided into twentieths , of which 17-20 _thswilli belong * to _^^ _S _, V { r » ! _»*< 1 be divided among them in equal proportions as a further dividend , and the rema- > ai » £ _¦> . . , „ , " , l ) e P « - < 1 as follow : l-20 th will go to the formation of an accumulating fund , ts > be annual ! ? _-Jihsk u _« m * P' _^ ed to the credit of all Shareholders in the present Company , and the remaining _£ 20 tIiB- mh oe , P ' _'* as an annual remuneration to those individuals through whose services such concession shall * &» re * - _!* " «« efly obtained , or each of these annual bonuses may be commuted for ft Single payment ,. tllC _anfisoni 01 each to he determined at the first general meeting ofthe Subscribers to such Company . Each Director in the present Company will be eligible for a scat in the Direction of every new Coro _^* _*? , the capital of whicli shall be subscribed by the original Shareholders , provided always-that he _posses ¦!• - •! share qualification therein . The entire management of the affairs of each Company will be vested in a Boarlt of Directors , _asa- _*} ¦ - _•?'•}« consist of a Chairman , Deputy-Chairman , and twelve other Directors ( triennially elected ) , who sliall have power to appoint one of their body as Resident or Managing Director ( under certain restrictions ) in the various countries contributing the several grants , and the foreign interests of all such Companies will be again represented by twelve Resident Directors in each foreign country ( giving a majority of two in favour of English interest ) . The deposit of IDs . per share will he invested in approved securities , and the interest arising therefrom will be carried to a fund for defraying in part the expenses of the Company connected with its general
management . Although the act of subscribing for shares in any ofthe subsequent Companies which may rcsuit from the present one , has been expressly stated as being quite optional on the part of a Subscriber hereto , it is , perhaps only proper to state , in addition , that on any occasion of an original Shareholder declining to _takesuch new shares , and relinquishing his right of claiming shares in every new Company , hc will be at perfect liberty to withdraw his original deposit money on giving _thirty-one days' notice to that effect ; and the Directors expressly guarantee that the total deduction for expenditure ( at home and abroad ) shall not ultimately exceed from five to ten shillings on eaeh deposit ; these expenses , however , will be defrayed , aa they arc incurred , in equal proportions by thc various Companies _CStabliscd from timo to time through thc successful negotiations of the present one , and thus the full amount of the original deposit will be returned , not only without any deduction , but with the addition of the various bonuses . The bonus ( annual or commuted ) given by every Foreign Company for each separate act of concession will be carried , as before explained , to an accumulating fund , for thc benefit of the Shareholders in this Company ( through the aid , in fact , of whose capital the caution money deposited with Continental States for securing the concessions Of SUCll foreign lint'S Will havo been primarily , although temporarily , advanced ) , and will , when all the various lines are conceded for which the Directors intend to propose tlio necessary advance of capital , be divided in proportion to the amount of deposit money advanced by each original Shareholder , which deposit will then be returned in full , together with all accumulations . A subscription fov one or more shares in any Company will carry ' with it and imply an adhesion to the statutes , rules , and regulations of such Company , and to all rights and privileges thereto attaching ; but it has been rendered optional on the part of Shareholders herein to accept or decline such shares previous to his or her act of subscription . - . _.,,,-,, _Negotiations ofa highly important nature with several Foreign States will , ma very brief period , be fully and unreservedly communicated to the Shareholders ; and , without a more direct reference at the present time , to the objects actually contemplated , it may , perhaps , not be considered premature to sta e that a short time only _> _vill elapse before the announcement of some most important accessions to the interest of the present Company . Tub Annexed Statistical Summary of all the Nations and" States comprised in Europe ( England alone excepted ) , carefully and expressly compiled from Official Sources , containing the Names of the groat European Countries , their Capitals , their Superficial Area in English Square Miles , the Amount of ' Population to each Square Mile , the Population of the Chief Cities , and the Annual Revenue of each Country in Pounds Sterling , will convey some idea of tho Extent of Territory from which the Directors will Select the Choicest Portions on which to pursue their Operations . ~
" *¦ ' " _~ _~ s 7 _J _5 | 7 ! l . 5 . § _^ . § 'I _Sj . § ! b * _Pevenue Countries . Capitals . " _&§ _%£ _S 2 § _ISl i * Pounds Ml I § 201 , 000 31 , 130 , 077107 * 8 000 . 120 42 , 000 , 000 ( Corsica Ajaccio ) ( European _Hussia ... St . Petersburg ] ( -170 , 000 The Bussian Empire J including \ - s _, uo ooo _se _. _soo ooo 26 * 7 -j _ J i « , ooo , _w ( Poland Warsaw ) VloO _. OOll / Austria Vienna 01 , S 50 13 , 031 , 505 330 , 0001 Hungary _Buda 106 , 835 13 , 117 , 000 40 , 000 ' The Austrian Empire Bohemia Prague ............ 20 , 283 4 , 128 , 000 120 , 000 ; 14 , 000 , 000 Transvlvania _Clauscnburg ... 21 , 382 1 , 808 , 435 21 , 000 : [ Austrian Italy Venice ..... 18 , 000 4 , 707 , 000 103 , 000 /' Totals 258 , 000 3 G , _950 , 000 143-2 The Kingdom of Prussia ... Prussia Berlin 107 , 894 15 , 293 , 271141-7 272 , 000 S _. OOO _. _OBO The Kingdom of Spain Spain Madrid .... 182 , 75812 , 208 , 774 07 * 7 220 , 0 ( 10 0 , _IOO , UOO The Kingdom of Norway \ Sweden Stockholm 170 , 715 3 , 107 , 772 18 * 3 S 4 _. 000 0 _„„ .,,. , ,, and Sweden / Norway Christiana 121 , 725 l , l !) i , 827 o _* s 23 , 000 - _'" Totals 292 , 410 4 , 302 , 599 14 * 3 The Ottoman Empire European Turkey ... Constantinople 180 , 000 15 , 000 , 000 83-3 500 , 000 3 , 000 , 000 The Kin' -dom of Holland ... Holland Amsterdam 13 , 598 2 , 915 , 390 214 213 , 000 5 . 000 , 000 The Kingdom of Belgium ... Belgium Brussels 13 , 214 4 , 242 , 000 321 100 , 000 3 . 941 _. S 3 H The Kingdom of Portugal ... Portugal Lisbon 30 , 510 3 , 519 , 420 97 200 , 000 \ _, m , m The Kingdom of the two ) Naples Japl _« f 42 ooo 8 mm im { 350 . Sicilies / _-sicily Palermo \ ' ¦ lM _. OUv The Swiss Confederation ... Switzerland Berne 15 , 233 2 , 188 , 009 143 20 , 000 3 , 700 , 000 The Kingdom of Sardinia ... Sardinia Turin 29 , 102 4 , 050 , 308 1 ( 10 114 , 000 2 , 944 , 0 m Tlie Kingdom of Denmark ... Denmark Copenhagen 21 , 880 2 , 333 , 2 GD 93 120 , 180 l _. _UJL y _W GE 11 MAN 1 C CONFEDEHATION . * The Kingdom of Saxony ... Saxony Dresden 5 , 759 1 , 030 , 190 284 70 , 000 1 , 0 ( 10 , 000 -rheKingtlomonVirtcmhurg _Wirtemhur-j Stuttgard 7 , 000 1 , G 49 , 839 217 38 , 000 Mill ) , * The Kingdom of Hanover ... Hanover Hanover .... 14 _. 72 G 1 , CS 8 , 280 114-7 28 , 000 i ,: ko , ikw The Kingdom of Bavaria ... Bavaria Munich 20 , 537 4 , 315 , 46 !) 145 107 , 000 2 , 5110 , 001 ) Grand Dukedom ... ! Baden Carlsruh e ...... 0 , 851 1 , 231 , 319210 20 , 500 _^ _. _lli Grand Dukedom Hesse Darmstadt 3 , 838 721 , 550 187 23 , 000 -Hi ., 11 ' Electorate Hesse Cassel 3 , 243 793 , 130 244 31 , 000 _4 lii , iW < * Grand Dukedom Luxemburg Luxemburg 2 , 700 1 S 4 _. 7 G 0 GS 11 , 000 _It'O / JH Grand Dukedom / _^ s _^ ll ' _veHn _! | Schwerin 4 _. S 34 478 _. S 00 oa 13 , 000 -205 , 3-3 = 1 Grand Dukedom ............ -i _^ _J _^ te _"' _! . .. [ Strelitz 997 S 7 _. 820 8 S 10 , 000 _-ift _. M
Grand Dukedom ..... { _^ _iMphimsem } 01 denl ) ur Sh 2 , 417 269 , 347 111 0 , 000 111 , 303 Grand Dukedom Saxe-Weimar Weimar 1 , 421 247 , 003 174 10 , 000 202 , 053 _Dulcedom Holstein Glucstadt 8 , 710 470 , 950 128 5 , 93 !) 251 . 483 Dukedom ., iVussau Wisbaden ...... 1 , 802 391 , 051 217-1 7 , 000 2 «; , « Dukedom Brunswick Brunswick 1 , 526 251 , 000104 30 , 000 8 i > 4 , li > i » Dukedom Saxe-Cobourg Gotha Gotha , 810 140 , 000 171 14 , 000 _tO-J _. _Stf Dukedom Saxe-Altenburg Altenburg 509 122 , 717 241 12 , 000 _•'¦" _V-WS Dukedom Saxc-Meiiiingen Meiningen 888 152 , G 40 171-0 0 , 000 81 , 053 Dukedom _Auhalt-Dessau Dessau 31 s 61 , 480 193-1 11 , 700 ( 0 , i < 33 Duitedom „ _Anhait-Bernburg ... Bernburg 297 40 , 920257 _o _. ooo 50 _, w ») Dukedom .. _Aulialt-Koetheu Kb ' ethen 254 40 , 200 158 « , i ) 00 2 _i > , lGt > t . • _,-i f _Schwartz-Sonder- 1 Q „„ , _i , .,.-.-Principality j shauseil | Sondershausen 31 S 55 , 810 175 4 , 000 i _^ - > Principality .... Schwavtz-Iludolstailt Rudolstadt 340 gg , 130 154 4 , iuo _s-V _® _„ . . ,. _x ( Hohenzollern " 1 rT „„ , . _,,. „ _, Principality , 1 Hcchingen j _Hechingeu i 2 T 20 , 200 139 * 7 3 , 000 1 _' _2-aM _„ ..,.. f Hohenzollern } a . „ . .. . „ , Principality j _sigmaringen .. J S annsen " * 275 42 , 990 156 1 , 000 - ' _- te-J Principality Liechtenstein Liechtenstein ... C 4 6 _, 52 (; 101 1 , 800 _! _<&' Principality _Lippe-Schauenbuvg BuckebuYg 212 27 _^ G 0 C 130 2 , WD - i 6 _' * ' Principality _Lippc-Detmold „„ ,, _Detniold 445 S 2 971 . 180 2 , 500 5-5 > _" w Principality Reuss Greitz .....,,,,... 14 s 31 * 500 212 6 , 19 i _^^ Principality . Ueuss 2 Schleitz ........ 297 72 * 0 Dft 242 5 , 000 I lv _<^ Principality Waldeck Korbach ......... 4 G 0 _g ' 680 12 2 , 20 " I _^ - " ? Lantlgraviate Hesse-Homburg Ilomburg 100 24 * 000 220 Ofivol i 7 _' " _^ Free City Hamburg Hamburg . 148 153 _^ 000 101 121 , W » - 29 _' _® Free City Bremen Bremen 10 c 42 , 000 390 11 , 000 if > > Free City .,... Lubeclc Lubeclc 127 26 000 204 - _^ \ * - ' Free City Frankfort _^ _elS .. " . } < -5 _03 , ' _o 3 G m 40 , 000 ® - _««» The Papal States Ital y Home 17 , 218 2 , 732 , 030 158 154 . 000 _iyM Grand Dukedom Tuscany Florence 8 , SS 1 1 , 436 * 785 170 97 , 500 -Dul < edom . » .. Parma Parma 2 , 200 4 G 5 _* , 753 205 30 , 000 _I' _5- _' _* _- Dukedom . , Modena and _Massa ... Modena 2 , 090 403 , 500 192 27 , 000 ] 13 > _" Dukedom Lucca Lucca 416 les ' _aou 401 2 _+. W 1 " - r Principality Monaco Monaco . „ , „„ _, 52 7 , 000 _134-C V- _'OO ; '' . _{ The Kingdom of Greece Greece Athens , „ 15 , 000 900 , 001 ; GO 17 , 000 -2 , isVf Republic ,.. ronian Islands Corfu l _; 033 208041 20 * 1 17 , 000 ¦¦•¦ -- ' ' Republic Cracow ( in Poland ) Cracow ' 49 c 132 * 402 207 37 , 000 43 , * Republic Andorra ( in Spain ) Andorra 192 _s _^ ooo 41 * 1 2 , 000 _—•* :. Republic San Marino Marino 22 7 COO 345 * 4 3 700 *'' The Directors of the Company are unwilling for a moment it sliould be imagined that tliey _contcn-1
* _' _^ negotiations for such numberless concessions as the vast extent of territory embraced within _its _sp 1 "" , " action might pre-suppose , although they have selected almost illimitable boundaries , on whicli to p _««* " > their already carefully defined course of action ; tliey distinctly state , that tlie choicest and most C 1 I 5 1 " portions only of judiciously selected countries will , at any time , be suffered to receive their ileli _* - eriltI , 1 that the decisions of each Director will ever be based on financial deductions , and that no ultimate j « S !" . " ) will be carried out ( having reference to the application of railroads to particular countries _ovW _' " _,, ?' whicli sliall not pass the entire Council Board with perfect unanimity , and without tbe presence " ' protest ot a single dissentient vote . . u The brief but successful history of railroads lias not hitherto presented such a combination _tfft _^ L circumstances as the present Company offers for the consideration of capitalists . The merely _noffl" ' deposit , of one-half per cent , on all original shares—the highly important fact of the first deposit tamf « all . such shares being fixed as the final payment thereon—the consequent impossibility of any _^ f , l « being made on the original Shareholders—the vast extent of territory embraced within its _splicv « 7 _, | 1 C —the large amount of capital at the command of tho Directors—the solid , safe , and sound natop- ° c 3 Uwmany as an investment—the guaranteed return of any deposit at 31 days' notice—the great « _^ ny to subscribers by priority of claim , in right of call of all new shares at par , with the option of reM % t 3 portion thereof—the high and influential character of the Board practically efficient working ";\ nd constituting the executive)—the ultimate return of all deposits without any deduction wlw _^ _'"' ' of lastly , the almost certain division of very many accumulated bonuses among the Shareholders « f , _V _» interest lor the original deposit money—alike combine to constitute this undertaking one of _» _' _* sterling combinations of capitalists of the present day . . _\\^ One-fourth of the shares in the present Company will be reserved for landed peoprietors and « 8 Pt _,, V in various foreign countries , but with special preference to those countries contributing the _sc'c « ' ir cessions ; a second fourth will be taken by the English Directors , the Provisional Committee .. ' ' " b ]; c mends ; and the remaining two-fourths will be divided among that portion only of the E « _# » JLgl hroughout the United kingdom , who sliall fully succeed in satisfying the Directors a _» a ] _„ . y _jiiil _committee of then * just claims to hold such shares ll
-, both in right of actual unencumbered _'r »; P . V _* c 5 „ _cmost undoubted respectability , such shares to be allotted according to priority of application , but *»» * . cial reference to the number of shares therein solicited , and likewise to the position in socie ty ot _toe- _*! ' cant so soliciting . _^ fc The detailed . Prospectuses , containing the names of the Trustees , the Board of Directors , ar'f , * Cd » - powerful Provisional Committee , with all the officers of the Company , will shortly be issued fro ? " Iir 0 pc » pany s Offices , St . llelen ' s-place , London , where foreign noblemen and gentlemen , connected wm _* - Courts , may communicate with the Directors . By order of the Board , JOHN SINNETT , \ SflCictW _*" „ l tt , , , ¦ , , , „ _.. - ALFRED EASTON , / St , Helen _' s-place , August 30 th , 1545 . __ V No attention will be paid to any application fov- shares unaccompanied hy reference |! f v _* iiici » Director of _^ the Bank of England , a Director of the Hon . East India Company , a London _^ Ii atioii Banker , a Director ot the present Company , or Member of the Provisional Committee ; and _** ° _y * . 0 s will be received on other than the printed forms issued by tho Directors , which wiU shortly to- - tho Prospectuses . . _. citl lCL ' Responsible parties desiring Prospectuses may rely on having copies forwarded to their address--i _^ ittc „ by entering , previously , their names in thc Prospectus Book at the Offices of the Company , " _^ _ution _^ intimation ; but the Directors desire it should be distinctly 11111101-810011 that indiscriminate _t- » not intended to be resorted to , * _^^ _^ ~ — _; ' — - ,., . .. .. . _ —« rr : - ., - -, ¦ .. _r _^ - 7 _~^ lj ° U- ' * Iii an official statement of the capital embarhed in Bail ways in _Oercnnny , it is shown tlnvi ; the li" * - ab ?' ., l > ' ° _* pletoil cost SSO , 320 , 000 dollars , ami tha . *; the shaves of tliese _undertulvngs . iu 4 . 5 _''a _^ _S gu . t of oiery 100 , 7 » ' - * liumns ; in ouly tliree instances are any lines below par
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_04101845/page/6/
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