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LT'tfLT dj lte EHE.fNiO^RPffffi^ V. - *"...
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—- .* «-*-U*: * T^E LAND! J. JLa.
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rill \Titlun fiiatland was many a muk. ;...
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gEIIIGIIUSD AUTOCRAT A35DHISDEpurr liiCT...
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Holloway's Oisthbst asd Pills.—Debtors'Prison
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Infirmary, Whitccross-street.—Extraordin...
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fitoxtet himlmmt
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IiOXDtw Conx ExcimcE, Monday, Jose SO — ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Lt'tflt Dj Lte Ehe.Fnio^Rpffffi^ V. - *"...
LT _' tfLT dj lte _EHE . _fNiO _^ RPffffi _^ V . - * " * ' 1 ¦ v _fc " — _^^^^^^^^^^^™^^^* _- _* Mlllltllt > lllllltlllltllllltl 11 * 1 _* 1111 _^ _—Mi- _iD _*^^— . ,.,...,..-. — _,
—- .* «-*-U*: * T^E Land! J. Jla.
— - _. * « - _* _-U _* : * T _^ E LAND ! J . _JLa .
Rill \Titlun Fiiatland Was Many A Muk. ;...
rill _\ _Titlun _fiiatland was many a _muk . ; * iant , 'lit _TVIiocursd the tyranny to which he bent ; he The -. oil foil many a wringing despot saw , hi _-ffj-oivork'd his wantonness inf _. nn of law . Byron . { . _* . * , « x . _* .. e _araonj -whom equality _rngncu _, would ptsm * Vrv « .. _»* _s * - * ey _TO * « d _vfnera they possessed tha ' sins _efsohastence . Why should they _por = ue _adanoual r ia \ _i-r _t' _-nitoiy 1 So _maa can cultivate mora than a -4 in _i-ui _' _-sn of _i-aadV— Godtcbi . nc \ - inc is aWe to proaace a charter frcm heaven , er _l / anr hsr . cr _ritie to a _jotticuiar possession than his ir . j . i , r . nr . "— Patty . ¦ e There _c-ynld b ? no such thinj as landed property _v-Giallv . Maa did not make the earth , and , though he ii _« „ _liatsn _** * right to occupy it , he had no right to locate as
_ttff- ~ ifii in _pirpituityawypartof it ; neither did the _of-or of _' tfce earth open a land office , from-whence thc * title iv-is should issue . " — _Utomos Paine . , BJ ; el 3 wlsh _* _-llnot jesoWforerer . —Moses . re-There - _-s no foundation in nature or in natural law ; r a in 1 . 4 * -words npon parchment should convey the ni » _Tij « ii « f lamV—' _Blaekstone . 1 The krad or e ** 1 _* - * . -51 anJ * country or neighbourhood , _jiTfvtnihiaS hi or on the same , or _pertsiiiin-j thereto , ji 3 E « a : ail times to the living inhabitants of the said Urr or _nds hhsarhood in an equal manner . For at is s . j _ii-da'hat _oaland and its _juroductions ; _consev-lv " _wliat we cannot live without , we have the same V _irti-ii' as in our lives . "—Thomas Spcnce * 5 'f _* K . _; _ina _- . he I _^ ¥ m . j .: ! c-- , _jir iests , and commoners , who have stolen it t ei _* t _. _ea-t , 2- *« -. it _uyon tha title of popular ignorance , _iWilinn _ujHin any tight , human or cavhie . "—Feargus
' , ' _»^ ' _jt-apen teaches me that land cannot be scld . The _* a ; S * _-i _* rit - "rare it to Ins children to live npon , _sndcnld-; * j , Vfar as is necessaiy for their subsistence ; and 50 _|? astiiev .. _cmEy and cnltavateit , they have the right to \ - % _il—i-m ' « ikey voluntarily leave it , then any other brJehavc a _li-jkt to settle ujHrait Jfothins can he sold , 'i : » nch tliii . s _* s as can be carried away . " —Black Uawk . i " I _* vrrr _ii-iliridnal possesses , legitimately , the thing ' _ath i « s hxbesr , his intelligence ( or move generally ) tjch 1 _& _vclivdy has created . u nil- ; . Tinci ; ue is _mcontestible , & o < litis well to remark st it _wat-aas cs _^ _-resdy an acknowledgment ofthe _rl-jht dl ti . "Jit- sail . Tor as ths soil has not been created hy nit _follows frffin the fundamental principle of
pro-, _jtv . that it cannot belong to any small portion of the _^ n »* _-i-. _« tio 1 iavecr *» _** i _^ itI > _yl 3 ieiractivi _* ty . leius , ta coih-Iu Je ihat the true theory of property is founded 1 ihe * _en-yiisn of the thing _possessed . '"—Fourier . « If maa has alight to tight , air , and water , which no a-tiill attempt to question , he has a right also to the _« _* , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of _isufei' _- 'ei'ce- If ererj person had an e < mal share of ie jmL _j-overty _ironld be unknoira in tlie v _. orld , and ime would disappear trilh want , ' _—Jfil-e _fTafcA . "is the nature and wants of all men are alike , the sits of ti' . _I must teexnul ; aad as Iraman existence is
5 _« ndent on the same contingencies , it follows that the -it field for all exertion , and the raw material of all _tahh , the earth , is the common property of all its _inhajaaty . *' —Join Francis Bray . "What monopoly inflicts evils of sneh magnitude as lit of land ! It is the sole barrier to national i > rss }> crity t _»|* oj Je , the onlj creators of wealth , possess knowie ; die ? possess industry ; and if they , _possessed land , _ier _cc-uk * set all other monopolies at defiance ; tliey _ob ) 3 ihen _l-e enabled to employ machinery for tlidr own _pjtSt , and the world would behold with delight and _poni-l-aieut the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , ien _tfOjierly directed . "— -Author of th * _"Msproof of
Geiiigiiusd Autocrat A35dhisdepurr Liict...
gEIIIGIIUSD AUTOCRAT A 35 _DHISDEpurr liiCTATOR-Locn lock-jawed . rjuriwiders will remember that in the couise of Bicecnt debate on the second reading of the _Scotsh Poor Law Amendment Bill , allusion was mado _fbeaatemenis ofthe K * _iMa co _* r *** cspondent , _| descrii gibepresent state of thc Highlands , particularly _aht _^ udsliire ; the pith of which statements lave _f _ucansferred to this paper . Inthe debate alluded _, tbe Lord Advocate took upon himself to term a statements of the Times * " _cotmnlssioneF ' _rjsal _es-V _^ gcrations . " Sir James _Gjuuujj , w Jth a _jijt . _niioctation of innocence , interrupted Mr . S . i _& tt & h ' s manly and honest denunciation of the ! t- _-j- _^ on " wMch _* _-imbeenlOT _^ _i & Lire , with tho incrcdaloug ejaculation ,
_"JDeso-KmT And ilr . Loch , the chief manager of the _ieof Sutherland ' s estate—thc gentleman who has : wliuk- credit of its present condition—finished _seene by terming the letters in the _Hrnes _"amai _mis-statementa . " Our reader ** will remember 4 _wk-n commenting on the operations of the tfkfrio Locn , Graham , and the Lord Advocate , aMKed at tiie time evidence which left little ¦ li as to the truth of tho statements of the Times ' ;* Brani « k'ner , " andthe _"estriggeration '" andfalse-& « f those of his legislative opponents . The ¦ a _"Coiamiisioner" has , however , since then ! _ra ; frr } . i !! isd £ and produced proofs of the truth .
s satcracnts , whicn settle for ever the eredibi _ifiiiwc who assailed Mm . leoss of evidence as to thc desolation of _Sutherair ? , the deplorable state of its _fraimcntary rtea . and the Duke ' s Poor law Ufecniuty , prosi k tbe Times'" Gommissioner " in vindication _fsf-xnous statements , ia overwhelniing , and far _cnaavc to allow tb to give it entire , wemust « foe content ourselves with extracts . iM a word on the Glen Carrie " weeding , " —the ¦ J _idvocatc denounced the account of _tbatatrocity _id-reared inthe Times , as containing " great _Gcnstions : " here is hia answer : —
TO IHE _JET / ITCS or THE TIMES . ir , —Bavins seen tbe _alhisions mado in tbe House of mas to tlie Times ' Commissioner in the cise of Glen it , _ue feci bound , from onr connexion as ministers _< tsi tri-h tlie late tenants of that Highland strath , _ifnaonr intimate acquaintance with the facts con' d _iith ike ejectment of tbe ninety inhabitants reti , to declare that that gentleman ' s statements , so r _« a Uitig exaggerated , are strictly and literally cor-• Ttct little community is now broken np . and its _£ _« _feit-iced tar and near ; but the poor people ( lid At anil 'lafefiiEv- appreciate the liberal and di 5 in * 2 t 3 « , nucctof the Times newspaper in their hapless as ml ! as the friendly and humane attentions of its Et _' . _ccMmifeioner . tr _« are , Sir , respectfiiny and faithfully yours , Hectob _Ahaw , Minister , Kincardine , Bossshire . Gcstavds AniD , Minister , _prA-ait June S 3 . Creich . Sutherlandshire
is w » opine is a settler for the Lord Advocate ; ¦ _stla _iiaa" " _coms-dsaoner" says , —' "Perhaps ¦ _et escnee is , that he knew nothing about whit as _liking of . "—If so , he most be a nice man hnrc Advocate ' e _* cc * _v come to ilr . Loch and his " amazing _mis-Awaits ; " in his speech lie said . * * las hem said tkat the contribution of the heritor to P * "i Sisaon for tbe poor was but £ 6 . Sow , in the j _I-si-ies which are properly called Sntherlandshire , faxes : of the contribution of the Bnke of Sutherland _P _Eri _Scsaon is £ 42 a-year . Therefore ( continues _tf _&) tis _Btatanents lhatbave been -made , so far P _*** * _**? correct , are iaevayway an exaggeration of P tiie fact- "
_ejiisw ' _- ' coinniisioEer" -remarks , "It is noti _& e _* r what Ine sentence means , whether £ 12 is j _fWfcrt given in eaehparish , er in all the parishes _•«*¦ Tmlwilltakeit _tomemu-liatitisintaidcd ¦ w _yto _tUjnM k—that £ 42 is the sum given to Parish in Sutherland , in contradiction to my Bait that £ 6 only was -given . M _* y Monnation _knred generally from the minister in each K and _fwm each of the three factort . Bat I will * on this . I turn to the evidence eiven on before the Poor _LawCiraunissioners _/ where l l statement corroborated . " ¦ _idi of Ton | ue . —The Wm . Hugh M * Kay taie examined on oath . This gentleman , after e tliat he has been the minister of the parish _Iftli , proceeds : —
* poor on the roll receive relief from the church wis . The Dake of Sutherland is thc only heritor ' _ttOagearmaidofthepoor _' sftmd . ''— ( Poor law _Infedand } , appendix , part 11 , page 2 i » 5 . ) pi of _Duiraess . —The Hey . William _PindTater , f -t of _Ibiirness for the last thirty-one years , ex-F * _i > _aoath : — pe _i _' _nie 0 f Sutherland is sole proprietor of the P _siiu non-resident . He makes an annual allow _»* C * to the poor ' s fimd . "—( Poor law Inquiry , ibid , N P _* of Farr . -The Rev . Daniel M'Kenzie , r _^ _' _^ _y-ars imniEter of the parish , examined r - {| a 1 se * ° f Sutherland is sole proprietor of the 6 iis _watnfcajes _re-j-olari y £ 6 a year in aid of the _£ _"" *> . — Ift _^ _pagesoi . ) _gS _&^ -Thc Rev . _GcoiscTuHoch , poi _Jheparid _ifortwdrej _^ _ears , e _^ mined on
a _^ _gJF _^ i _** _* " _** **** »*• _Decveiy _^ re Xl _^ _S _* ? _<**»** collections , of which _CflT _? - larlian _«» _Wparish of _Enloch-S £ . » S ~ _are _^ _Uedforthepoor £ _? - _'' _CTra _^ _roer _,, says _^ _"Idonotwi _* Kr ! . _^^ _^^ c of Sutherland ; _t _^ _A _^* _*** - _J have always _^ % hil _^ T _ccf \ _^ _tfCavear to each \ _i-rS _? _W _-i £ . f . Htier , and . ' « _ifi for tiie i _» au tbe coatnbnfion which he makes out of _^ nearly _*^ 5 , O 0 O towards the _fcoalsupport w _^ £ _^§™«« _nan in _England is wtolto _i U _^^ fi _^ g to the amonnt of his proe _SSi ? _S ?« P fleB , e ! l also ? ive mnch in _^ _r _^^ lPnrate charities _Seeeive the : _« to _iiB _contnbutimto the legal n-rovisioa for
ilS _^^^ ft *** » _*» of _* _S _« % i _?** S » l _-IKlillationhad beeu $ _»» _S-ithatedshire . ' The Times' " _comif , as - ; rffit _? . « _5 » hes : "Itis weU toassumea _« you Lave it not Distillation cannot go on L _? _^ , ora 5 erl _y thepeople in the interior _rm _^ j _v r _*^ . ' were _cn-ti _^ tea , and HO * fcoofl deal of the barley grown -was lHesallv »« nred into whiskey . Ifow thepeople have ¦ •« . ¦ ¦ eveufot bread ; they do aot grow enocsh
Geiiigiiusd Autocrat A35dhisdepurr Liict...
_" moS 7 _nnftnH nd _vh k % _™™<* be _distUIet out v- _inoa and heather . I will presently prove , from tie _evident on oath , that their food is potatocs that _aiey have no barley , and have no money to buy it- How , then , should illicit distillation go on V Ths times' correspondent ; tben proceeds to show , from the evidence given before the Commissioners of Poor Law Inquiry , the amount of relief given fo the * . pauperised" poor in Sutherlandshire ; the condition ° * the poor generally , asd , lastly , the deterioration of the inhabitants of the country in food , clothing , and comfort , since the commencement of the management of ifr . Locn , and the adoption of his pet scheme of depopulating the country , and turning it into sheep-walks . We can spare room for only a few extracts . ilr . DuncanHoss , General Assembly ' s teacher in Crieeb , examined —
" Tneusual a & owances to pe ople on the roll vary from is . to 5 s . a-ycar . "—( Minutes of Evidence , appendix—part 2 , page 275 . J TheKev . Alexander Macpherson , minister of Golspie , examined : — " The average they ( the poor on the roll ) receive is 9 s . or 10 s . a-year . "—( Ibid ., page 27 C . ) The _Ilev . George Maekay , minister of Clyne , examined : — "We tare three classes of paupers OH the roll . Ihe suns granted _tfceia vary according to the amount of the ccllectioii 3 . The highest class gets generally about Cs . or " s . a-year . Old people , Wind and bedridden , are included in this clas 3 . The second class gets _Ss . _Cd . They are not confined to bed , although unable for much work . The third class receives ahont 8 s . a-y « Gr , and consists of individuals who are able to d _» a little work . " —( ibid ., Dase _* -T 7 . J
_Bev . John _Mackenzie , minister of the parish of Koyart , examined :- — " The arerage _allowasce to old people on thc roll is 4 s . a year ; and in cases of extraor < Hnai * y distress , sneh as blindness , we give an average of 10 s . Bcf ridden people reed -e about 10 s . " —( Ibid ., page 27 S . _^ Sev . James Campbell , minister of Kildonon examined : — _"Theallowances to the majority ( ofpersonsontheroU } vary from Gs . to 10 s . —( Ibid ., p . 2 S 0 _J Mr . George Mackay , schoolmaster and Session Clerk of Loth , examined : — " The usual allowance to oldpeople ( on theroll ) is about Ss . or Cs . a-year . "—( Hjid ., p . 285 . _^ Tho Her . Angus Kennedy , minister of Dornoch , _examined : —
"Tbe , _anerage allowance ( topoor on thc roil ) is from 8 s . to 9 s . a-year . "—( Ibid ., p . 2 D 0 _J The Eev . Charles Gordon , minister ia Assynt , examined : — " The allowances ( to the poor on the roll ) are very low indeed ; the very highest is 4 s . Cd . ; the lowe 3 i half-acrown or 2 s . "—( _Biid ., p . T 91 . ) The Eev . Hugh Jt'Kay M'Kenzie , _Toagae , examined : — " The usual allowances to paupers on the rollarc about 3 s . Ca , a-year . "—( Ibid ., page 296 . ) Wc pass by tbe evidence from other places , similar to the above " and proceed to sbow how the poor live whohavefor their yearly allowance 10 s ., Ii ., 63 ., OS ., Ss . 6 d ., 2 s . Cd ., and 2 s . a year . Mr . Duncan Boss , teacher , Criech , examined -J" The eliieffood of the paupers is potatoes . Some of them have meal and milk ; very little fish . "—( ii >« f , page 275 . )
" I am in the habit of seeing the paupprs in their own dwellings . Tke aged and infirm are not properly pro vided for . "—( Z 5 id , p . 276 . ) Ilev . George Mackay , minister of Clyne , examined : — '' There Is begging in my parish among paupers on the roll . Begging is not restricted to asy one day in tht vreefc We have _Tjeggars -from _otbsr _parishes _^ _-WiMd , P . 2 M . ) " I think an assessment necessary for the support of tbe aged and infirm . My reason for this is that the poor are decidedly not provided for sufficiently as they are at present "— ( Ibid . ) Rev . John M'Kenzie , minister of Royart , examined : — " There is a good deal of begging in my parish among thc poor on thc roll . We bave likewise beggars from adjoining parishes . * WJe do not restrict begging to any particular day . _TTe give certificates for begging . " - —( fowl , p . 279 . ) The Sev . Hugh M _* Kay M'Kenzie , Tongue , examined : —
" There is co duty more unpleasant than tbat of distributing money to thc applicants for relief in Tongue . Thc fends are so limited , and the cases of distress are so argent and so numerous , that it is extremely diScult , if not impossible , to deal with the cases with satisfaction to one s self . I am intimately acquainted with the distress of the people , and yet I have no money to relieve it adequately . There is a good deal of begging in the parish . The poor on the roll go about begging from place to place . Many do so with difficulty , they arc so old and weak . However , they must do it , inasmuch as if they were debarred from this means of subsistence , they would starve . Thenusual diet , when they can get it , is porridge and milk , especially inthe _springscaauu , « _licu ilicj _Vuglu tutvuru ; bat they cannot always afford meal , especially in winter , and they then lite on potatoes and Jirrri _}^ , if they can gel fhcherrings . " ( Pjid ., p . ° 9 G . ) The Her . Charles Gordon , minister of Assynt , examined : —
* " Tbe great assistance the poor get in my pariah is from their poor neighbour ? , and that makes them all poor toge ' tber . " " 'When the poor aro sick and require additional diet - , they apply to the neighbours best able to assistthem . There is not a wealthy individual in tho whole district . " " For paupers and all cottars in general the principal food is potatoes and herrings . Their lodgings are wretched . The cottages are generally built of stone and turf mixed ; tbe roof is always turf , with a covering of heather . Those recently built have a lining of day , and sometimes lime in tbe inside . The old cottages liave nothing but the bare earth for a floor ; indeed , there are vary few HOW Which have anything else fur a floor . The cottages havo gene rally no chimneys ; they have merely a hole in the middle —sometimes , however , at the end . " " We have a good deal of begging in the parish . The people go about among their relations and friends , but at the same time they dislike to be considered as common beggars . "—( iWU , _p . 29 S . )
We now come to the general deterioration of the people—the "desolation in Sutherlandshire : "Tke Eev . Mr . _ITSenrie , of Tongue , in bis _evidencs , says"I am very positive , and have not the sligbtest doubt that thc condition ofthe people has been very much deteriorated by thc change . There is more money going about us now , bnt there is much more poverty , and not the same substantial comforts as formerly . It is true that when they were in the interior they were badly off in seasons when their cattle died . . They used to subsist priii _apaUy upon flesh , fish , vtuBc , butter , and curds and cream . They used to cat no vege tables . Theyhada fewspotsof oats and bear ( barley ) , but they bought very little meal
Potatoes were only introduced when I was a child , and now it isVieir general food . In the years of distress they were thrown npon the resources ofthe proprietor ; andl remember an instance of this land in 17 S 3 , when the proprietor wa 3 asked to supply meal to the people , and he made an appeal to Government on the subject , which mis responded to . Me and all the tacksmen contributed in part , and the Government afforded assistance in peas meal , which was distributed by the Kirk Session . However , the 3 eyeara of distress were by no means of frequent occurrence , and they have , in fact , been much more frequent since fhe change . I consider that thc frequency of the periods of distress under the old system _hasbten very much _exaggeraUd , and 1 iasUmmadeimprcptrl ' jan excuse forthe _ehatige . tt _^( lbid ., p . _^ _sl . )
The Rev W . Kntflater , of Dnrncss , and the Rev D . M'Kenzie , of Farr , give similar evidence * Kow for the "desolation " : — Mr . Donald Hac _£ onald , of lochinver , in his evidence , says _^—" I have a farm of 30 , 000 acres—one-third of the parish of Assynt . The whole is a pasture farm . I have eleven shepherds nnderme . " ( Ibid ., pp . 312-3 . ) The Rev . George li'Kay , minister of Clyne , in bis evidence , says" A great proportion of the population in my parish consists of persons who have been located in Tillages along the coast , hating been previously inhabitants inthe interior . The lard in the interior has now been converted into sheep-walks . " The Eer . Charles Gordon , minister ef Assynt , in his evidence ,
says"The greater part of Assynt islaidoutin sheep-farms , but the greater bulk of the population is confined tothe shore . "— ( Hjid ., p . 292 . ) In contrast with tho above , we qmote the description of this district in former times , as given in Djk Foe's work on Scotland . He is writing about Strathnaver , which was thett tiicMj peopled . Tho greater part of this Strath is now held by the notorious Patbicb _* . Seiams , who cleared out the population , and whose truly murderous doings in lSU we described in our article headed "The Autocrat oi Sutherlandshire Unmasked , " in the Star of June 21 st . This worse than unhanged brigand occupies an extent of soil of about tiventy-three miles by seventeen In ihe whole of that extent of country there is not a cottage but what is occupied hy his shepherds , seven in sumber _** , whilst he himself is non-resident . De Foe , speaking of this ( now ) vast desert , says : — " The inhabitants are great hunters , and despise those who are not , so that venison is irith them a common dish . "
SpeakiBg of thc northern districts generally , he says : — " Here we found , however mountainous and wild the country appeared , the people extremely well furnished with provisions , especially four sorts in great plenty , two of them sufficient for a common table , the other two the splendour of the greatest . 1 . Very good bread , as well oat-bread as wheat , though the last not so cheap as the first . 2 . Venison exceeding plentiful , and at all seasons , young er old , winch they kill with their guns wherever they find it , for there is no restraint , on which account all the Highlanders have fire-arms , and become excellent marksmea . 3 . Salmon in such plenty as is scarcely credible , and conscanently so cheap thalv to those Who have any substance to buy _wlih , It Is not -worth giving themselves thctroatue to catch it . This they eat fresh in tie season , and at other times cured , by bums dried in . the sun , aad so preserved all the year . 4 . They hare no
Geiiigiiusd Autocrat A35dhisdepurr Liict...
want of cows and sheep ; Cut the cattle are so wild , that sometimes , were they not by their own disposition used to flock together , they would be much harder to kill than the deer . " Compare this description with that given above of Hie present state of the Highland population , to which lei , us append the following addition bv the imes commissioner ' - : — "It is not 4 yeare agosincc the tenantry ofthe parish of Koyart , on paying their rent , were assembled by Mr . Gunn , the factor , by order of IMr . Loch , andtoldin English , and what he said was interpreted to the people in Gaelic by the minister wbosiood byhmi , that it was "thelawofthoestate " tnat if any of them , or their children , killed a head of game , tliey should bo imnifidinfi . lv «> mm _™? fmm
their holuings , and they wouldgetnone other on the Sutherland estate . Thc Game Laws are bad enough without this 'law ofthe estate . ' The same rule holds with regard to fishing in the rivers . They are all tenants at will , with a ' ground officer' pci-pctually prowling about them , and watching them . Imagine their state of dependence . If this is denied , 1 have instances to prove it . " Respecting the astounding statement made by Mr . Loch , that , for twenty-eight years not one farthing of rent had been received from the Sutherland estate , but that , on the contrary , there had been sent there a sum exceeding £ 00 , 000 , the Tiinej ' " commissioner" says—* ' Tliis may bo true , but the people of Sutherlandshire have not benefitted by it . " lie
adds— " Mr . Loch for thirty years has managed the estate , whieh is co-equal with the county , and he deserves all the credit ofthe achievement . " We think our readers will agree with us , thatthe Timet ' - " commissioner" has fully vindicated himself from the charges of " exaggeration" and _"niisstatcment , " at the same time turning the tables on his adversaries . We regret that it was not possible for us to give his vindication complete and entire , for which we must refer our readers to the Ktiics . ' fhe Pictures we have given of tyranny , rapacitv , and selfishness , on the one hand , and slavery , misery , and helplessness , on the other , existing throughout Sutherland , is probably without a parallel in anv eounti-y claiming to be civilised . Even in Ireland .
the " wildjustice of revenge , " to which the poor hesitate not to appeal , affords them some protection through the fears therebyexcited in thebreastsof their oppressors . Not so in the Highlands , there the cottiers have not yet been driven to assassination , despite the wholesale usurpation of a Duke , the tyranny of a Loch , the rapacity of a _M'DomD , and the murders of a SKLLAK _8 . How long this state of things will last is another question ; even the endurance of the wretched and the helpless sometimes conies to an end : humanity will vindicate its claims , even though it be by bullet and torch . Pray heaven that any such dreadful alternative may be spared the virtuous people of the _Highlands : nrav heaven that the nublic
opinion now forming in their behalf may so grow and strengthen as to be found—and that speedily tooall-sufficient to rescue them from their miserable lot . One thing is certain , the exposures we have madethanks to the Times—o f the rapacity , cruelty , and tvranny of Highland landlords , their . agents , and sheep-farming tenants , must have the effect of more widely opening the eyes of the class we address , to the enormous injustice and wrong of thc present system of land-holding , and the necessity of the suffering classes using all their energies to break down this monstrous usurpation—this prime progenitor and main cause of all other social crimes and sufferings . We have now done with thc Highland autocrat and his deputy dictator—*
"We leave them alone in their glory !"
THE SCOTCH POOR LAW SYSTEM . We resume the consideration of . the report bf the Commissioners of Poor Law inqnfiy . Wc commence irith their views as to the poor of the large towns of Scotland ; they say"It must be admitted that , in periods of a depressed state of trade and manufactures , the labouring classes are subject , in many instances at least , to severe privations . In Scotland , the wants experienced by the working classes during these periodical depressions , have been hitherto relieved , in as far as relief has been afforded , by voluntary subscriptions and contributions made by the
wealthier portion ofthe community , sometimes of a more , local , and sometimes of a more extended character , according to the supposed urgency of each particular case . The question then , which we have to resolve is , whether the amount of relief which may be thus obtained , supplemented from sach other sources , as ia conformity to the provisions of the existing law may be made available for the purpose , _bs sufficient to meet the _exigeneios of the present condition of the nianufacturing population , or whether we must substitute some sueh entiraly new system as tliat of providing tha relief required by means of assessments , ' and _administtring thc funds so raised under the checks supplied by a workhouse .
" It must be admitted , & c . "—how cautiously , and with what evident reluctance these p leaders for , and apologists of the < u _* _istoo _* Hu ? y " admit" the existence of distress amongst the people . Wc aimll presently show that respecting this same distress , and more than that , frightful , continuous -pestilence ; the result of physical want , the commissioners could have had so manner of doubt when they made out their report . They go on to say—The deeper depression of the condition ofthe labouring population in the Scotch manufacturing towns , here founded on , is inferred from the large proportion which
the deaths from fever in these towns bears to tbe whole amount of their mortality . In some ofthe manufacturing towns of Scotland , as we have elsewhere remarked , the mortality from fever has been , on an average of several yeass , « Uvca < a twelve per cent . ; and in Glasgow , in 1837 , it amounted to twenty per cent , of thc _wheta Voir thatthe great _mortality of some of the large towns ol Scotland / arising from fever or other epidemics , may be fairly ascribed to the less comfortable condition of tbe labouring and pauper population , we do not presume to dispute . Bat admitting that the question of the aggravated mortality from ferer is thus adequately solred , we apprehend that It is not to be at once inferred from such an
admission that the principle of the existing Poor haw is essentially vicious . The principle of the existing Poor Law is not " essentially vicious . " On the contrary , that" principle" is essentially just . What we complain of is , thatthatlawhas not heen executed , that its provisions have become a dead letter , and that those who were appointed by the law to enforce its provisions , and to see that the poor had " needful sustenance " provided for them , that these false shepherds , the clergy and the magistracy , have allowed the law to fall into disuse , and have even connived at , and been parties to its practical abrogation , to suit and serve the avarice of the property-holders , in violation of their own vows and oaths as clergymen and magistrates . -These commissioners admit that tho mortality arising from fever in the large Scotch towns
ig immense , and , as compared with English towns , enormous ; they acknowledge that this mortality is caused by the less comfortable condition of the labouring and " pauper" population ; tliat this is the case , they say , % , we do not presume to dispute !" But fearful that they have admitted too much , that they have let too much of " daylight into the system , " thev add that " it is not to be at once inferred _/ rom such an admission , that tho principle of the existing Poor Law ia essentially vicious . " What wedo infer is , that the _practice , the wor _/ _aiu * of the existing Poor Law ia essentially bad and infamous ; and that it is so we will at once proceed to prove from the evidence given on oath before the commissioners themselves , relative to the state of Edinburgh , the capital of the kingdom : —
Da . _HANDTsroE ( examined ) . —Do you find the [ Royal Dispensary ] patients in a state of destitution ! -Sofrequently , that the medical men and the students often find it necessary to draw their purses . Since I began with tlie dispensary I see an increase of those who apply in destitute circumstances . They have often nothing to boil water in—nothing to put their feet in if ordered to bathe their feet—no bread or meal for poultices . It is very usual for the medical men and the students to payout money for comforts required by " patients . — They don ' t provide diet ! Ko ; but the medical men fre * i _* ucntly contribute wine aud soup . It is a customary thing for a medicalman to bave wine iu his house for supplying poor patients , * and to have soup ready also , so that a patient may send for a bowl , which is given with bread . The
students exhibit the same philanthropic spirit ; and they are necessitated to do so , otherwise the disease [ _chronicl advances apace . —In many cases would not nutritious diet or wine be almost essential to their _tieatment ? Doubtless essential , and these might often avert the future _stages of the disease * aad effect a cure in time . —And a medical _ofSetr , when nutritions diet was ordered , would afford means and funds sufficient » Clearly so . —Would not tliat be an advantage which tbe treatment of cases by a medical _oficsr connected with the workhouse would procure ! A decided advantage . On tbat polat I may observe that destitution , as I conceive , is frequently the source o ? disease Have you observed that typhus fever has come at periodical intervals in the same manner as saiall-pox and other epidemic diseases' ! According to
tlie predisposition in the system it ha 3 . I suffered for four successive years from typhus fever ; and there was always predisposition . —Does it return at an interval of two or three years % Do cases cease for a time and return again ! It i 3 an observation that every three or five years there is in this quarter a very aggravated form of typhus fever ; but I cannot verify that remark . Its return is connected with tbe stagnation of trade , poverty , i-c . It is , indeed , never totally absent from the dwellings of tbe poor . —You are aware that it has attacked the families of people in the higher ranks of life , and in the best condition as to food and raiment , as well as
that of the lower classes ? It has undoubtedly affected the higher classes , though in a far inferior degree to the lower orders . — -Then , would you consider destitution as the cause , or as an aggravation of thc disease ! I would regard it as a powerful predisposing cause to the typhus fever in afflicting the system ; the opposite being a powerful preventing caase to their being infected . —Have you been led to observe the proportion in _thehigher and lower classes who _tovts fallen victims to typhus fever . I have . The result is that the lower classes suffer most ; and I can exp lain the reason- —Can you _stafa the proportion with aas _miatttecess ,. ' __ No , I cannot . My attention has not been giv < n to _tbat-wmacb o » apure physician ' s _irouW _oatnrall ;
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be . —Do you consider that destitution is adequate of itself to genoratc fever ? __ Notof itself usually ; but it is believed that the febrile virus is sometimes generated spontaneously in indigent persons . —IVlien you answered that question about the higlicr classes , do you mean tho numbers wore absolutely less , or only rela thdj- ? Absolutely less in tke higher classes . —Then you stated some time ago that you considered thc allowance of tho poor by no means sufficient . IVhat would you consider a sufficient allowance , taking the age andthe number of the cliildren 1 I sball answer it witli reference to the lowest state of destitution , so as to state what would maintain health . — _IVith reference to different degrees ! Then , proceeding from the lowest class , I would , with regard to a father and mother with four cliildren under ten , at the working period of life , say from observation that
3 s . 6 d . or Ss . a weelt might make tliem comfortable . — When you said that many received nothing at all , did that apply to the number of poor persons who were unwilling to eorae for relief from public funds , or to those who had applied and been refused . —And only to cases of disease .. You don't speak of those who have applied where there was no _couiplaiut * $ I understood those who applied had a legal claim , and did not get assistance . One general observation is , that the lower the sphere of individuals to whom the application is made , the greater is the liberality displayed . —Till you _COffle tO the lowest In the lowest state half of what is got may bo given away to persons in the same condition . I have seen them disregard their oun health , andthe fear of contagion , and starve themselves to aid a suffering and sick neighbour . Xot only will they do what they can for those in Health ,
but to a still greater amount for tliose who aro labouring under disease , and from whom there is no prospect of a return . —You would not wish to put a stop to that benevolence among the poor « Certainly not . —Would not a large public provision hinder that efflux ? I scareely think it would operate thus , or that the efflux of charitable feeling would be exhausted . It cannot now overtake one-tenth of the suffering that prevails , I can give three instances of persons starved to death in the course ofthe previous winter . The first was received into one of my wards in the Infirmary } another was in another ward of the Infirmary , and the third died in his own lodging . — Did you open ? I opened one , and was present at the examination of the other two . One was my own patient , and , I have no doubs , died from starvation . I may mention , however , when asked about the lowest poesible sum
to support an adult man , that perhaps Is . might do for a single man . I know a man ( that man is the man Forbes ) with whom we had considerable difficulty with reference to his settlement . He says , "I can do very _n-ell with is . per week ; " lie has a pretty comfortable place with his sister ; he says fid . goes for nourishment , — very course indeed , but yet sufficient —For a week . Oh , yes ; sometimes he has not more than a roll a day . —He looks to other sources 1 He has no other sources than that one shilling . Mr . Brown , Mr . George Forbes , and Mr . Henry Grahamc , aid in thus supporting him . —Yoa mean that a man with a family might be supported for 2 s . fid . ! I consider that as the sum for the lowest stage , exclusive of house and clothing . —When you state that 2 s . 6 d . would maintain aman , and wife , andfour children , do you mean that that would be sufficient to maintain them without any other _sonicea of income 1 Yes .
Ur . Vfim . iAx Johnston , _town-councillor ( examined ) : — The inquiries we instituted led us to some distressing revelations . I have found men , for instance , honest , industrious tradesmen , who , having sold or pawned every article within their dwellings , were at length reduce ! to ask tho smallest pittance of bread or meal . In many instances they assured us ( and we found the statements true ) that they had not tasted food for twelve , fifteen , twenty-four , and some even twenty-eight hours . I found , in some cases , that the very grates ofthe parties had been sold or pawned ; and , in numerous instances , when we gave a pittanco of meal , they had not the means of cooking it , nor salt to season it with . There wero many who had been in a respectable way as tradesmen , reduced to perfect destitution , through causes over which they had no control . We gave a supply only once a week , as our
funds were limited ; and wo distributed among the parties thus : —To a single man , we gave three tickets ; to a husband and wife , four tickets ; to a _husVand and wife with two children , five tickets ; to all above fivo children , sis tickets . Each bread ticket entitled the holder to a half loaf at 4 Jd ., and each meal ticket half a peek of meal at 5 _$ d ., meal being about lid . the peck at that time , and the bread 9 d . per loaf , second quality . We did not allow them to purchase for themselves , but we entered into a contract with a respectable meal-dealer , who divided the rations as we directed , I may state that at this time , though the privations of the poor wero very great , as I havo described , I could discover no instance of their having exchanged the meal or bread tickets for spirits .
Such a story was indeed got up , that we were dealing out ratiOUS tO _DCVSOUS Who were not making a good use of them ; and as chairman of the committee I instituted a rigorous inquiry ; and I am glad to say that in no instance was the relief so exchanged . On the contrary , the whole ofmy experience lsd to the _rcBult that the poor were far more anxious to recover the small articles of clothing and household stuffs they had pawned , than to indulge in personal indulgence of any kind . That seemed their _greatest anxiety . Captain James Tuojisos , for seven years treasurer of the House of Refuge , gave evidence as to the systematic opposition pursued towards " paupers" to prevent them making good their claim for relief . The following is a specimen of hia evidence :
There was a blind woman m the West Church parish for many years . I applied for that woman . I walked fifty miles to get evidence of her claim , Reekie is her name . . She is a native of Edinburgh , or of the West Church parish , and she got diseased , She lived in Leithstrect , in the common stair near Littlejohn ' _s tho baker , for a period , of five years in different flats , and she was very respectable aud well conducted generally . She kept her complaint secret till she lost her sight . After being in tbe Innrmary or lgck hospital , she came out . I thought there would be no difficulty in establishing the claim ofa blind young woman . She had lived just at the particular point where the two parties unite . They would undertake nothing . I went to try and get proof how long she had lived there . Then the question was disputed about the parish , but I discovered that the West Churcli -parish was in the habit of charging poor rates for
the pla « o . Mr . _Littiejohn told me so . I told them that as they levied rates , they must provide for the poor of the place . Ultimately wc did succeod , bnt the managers opposed her claim for threo or four years . —That was a dispute about the boundary of the parish , and , after all , you succeeded . But can you point out a case where you did not succeed , and where tliere was a good claim ? I recollect a case ( I forget the name ) , a sort of half idiot , whose father and mother were never married , consequently the settlement was the mother ' s . —These are cases of difficulty « . O , there aro difficulties in every case . This girl ' s mother died , and was buried by the city parish ; and they were in the habit of assisting the mother and daughter at times . When the mother died , the girl was sent to the refuge , I applied , and attended meetings ofthe city managers , on this g ' wl'i account ; and I never could get thc claim established .
Mr . Micatoat , town-councillor ( examined ) : —ire you not a member of the town-council ! I am . —What would you consider sufficient for o man reduced by sickness , and coming on the poor funds ! That is not a very easy question- , but I have inquired what would sufieefor a man who liad a family . A poor man camo last night—he is a furniture polisher—I emp loyed him in my own house , and he is working at this moment . I had an upholsterer in the same way—I had a great deal of conversation with him , and asked him how be managed : —first , he had two children , himself , and a wife—he got sixpence a day from therelief funds given in charity . I asked him how he managed to live . He said he bought twopenco worth of oatmeal with a little fat—this was stirred about , and he got one meal always every day from this . Then how do your chiidren fore , I asked—he said , I leave fourpence
with the wife , and I am obliged to run out of the house , because I cannot stand the screams ofmy children crying for food . —Would you state , first , what should bo given to a single man or woman in a reduced state , requiring aid , and then what should be given to a party with two or more children *? If the intended case you mean bo that of persons who should be making a livelihood if they had employment , the lowest should be 4 s . or 5 s . a week to a single person , if you would ward off disease . I cannot see how he can livo npon less . — -You are making the supposition that he has no other source ! Yes . That is little more than 6 d . a day ; but I would say , that to prevent stealing , and save from downright starvation , 5 s . a week would be necessary . *—Now , for two persons , aman and his wife ? It doM not require exactly double , for there are ways of living . Dr . Alison , in his work ,
recommends economical cooking . I have been making an experiment , aad _pwliaps _tioboiSy is _a \ Ao to speak so well , for I have made dishes , and invited them to dine . I know eight or ten living together , could live at less expense than two or three . —Hut how much forthe two ! I should say is . or 2 s . more ; say , 7 s . —Then for three ? I would increase the amount to a very small extent . Perhaps , if you speak of eight or ten , these can live ' on one-fourth the amount required for single individuals . If they could buy a sufficient quantity of food to make a mess of it , they might live at a very moderate rate . Some articles are very cheap in this town . —Then , when you say the allowance from the workhouse is an insult to the poor , you proceed upon the supposition thatthe workhouse has not found out that tliey have assistance from other sources ? They often know that fact , and grant an allowance besides . —And no examples have come under your observation in wliich you think the allowance sufficient ! I don't know one single instance , andl know many instances to the contrary . 1 have known a man
and woman in this city die of starvation . I perhaps don't know any getting relief from the parish ; but the difficulty of _netting that relief is so great , that parties have died before they could obtain it . —Could you mention . an instance ! There was a man of thc name of Jl 'G _nrry , who was reduced to great destitution . I supported him out of my own pocket till he got work at the _Jleadows . He kept battling on amidst difficulties , but was overtaken by disease aud death .: He died actually of starvation . —Do you know if parties have the alternative of going into the workhouse . They have no opportunity . This mau M'Gerry , to whom I allude , had no sueh alternative , and the mention ofhis case will lead to one important observation . My conviction s , that thero will be no good done to the poor of Great Britain till there is one law for the three _Uinirdonis . A . law for Scotland might do some good , but it would not be thoroughly effected without a law for the whole three kingdoms . Ono reason tliat _leadsto this conclusion Is suggested by _ftlWcase Ihavc . aow mentioned . WGerrs mt born in _Udaoi . but camt to Scotland .
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whore he . lived many years . Ho then went to England , and wasted himself in working as a mixer of paint ( a very unhealthy business ) . He returned to Scotland . A question arose with respect to tis parish . With all the little influence I had , I could « Ot obtain permanent relief for hilll . I took him to the charity workhouse , where he got temporary aid ; but thoy got tired of him , aud Ue was at this time supported by myself . —Was he temperate ? He was . —He could not make out a good legal settlement * He eould not , there was so much difficulty in showing the residence , —Then you don't bring that forward as an instance in which the workhouse has given a mere illusory allowance to the poor . Oh no , because this man never got any aid except temporary ; but the temporary aid was so trilling , _thatjie actually , in process of time , died for want of the necessaries of life .
What a mass of wretchedness does this evidence disclose ! According to Dr . H . vxD _* rsiD _* e " destitution is frequently the source of disease , " typhus fever always rages when trade is bad and employment scarce , * indeed , this fell disease is " never totally absent from the dwellings ofthe poor . " So wretched is the lot of tho Edinburgh poor , that "they have often nothing to boil water in—nothing to put their feet ill , if ordered to bathe their feet—no bread or meal for poultices . " TllC medical moil cannot be insensible to these sufferings , and it appears besides risking tlieir lives , too often sacrificed , they tax themselves to alleviate the misery they are compelled to witness , but which the law , or rather the law ' s executors , refuse to relieve . This is highly honourable to the medical profession , but still of but little arail'in stemming the flood of wretchedness , ofwhich their patients are the victims . Dr . _ILiXDTsraE adds ,
that from personal experience , he knows of persons having been " starved to death ! " The misery described by Dr . _IIasdyside is corroborated by Mr . Jon . vsrox , Captain Thomson , and Mr . Macavlat ( besides many others , whose evidence we are unable to find rooin even to notice ) . Mr . Macau-lay states that he considers the allowance from thc workhouse "an insult to the poor . " He knows of " no single instance in which the allowance _uiven has been suf Rcient . " Ho has known individuals to "die of starvation" under the allowance allowed them . Yet after all this , this accumulation of fearful facts , the commissioners reluctantl y acknowledge thattherc is some poverty that occasionally thc labouring classes are subject to severe privations—that fever " maybe fairly ascribed" to thoso privationsthese admissions they make , still they cbampionise tho system which has permitted , and docs permit , these fearful evils .
Wc must reserve ( tlirough want of room ) tho conclusion ofour remarks on the commissioners report till next week . We cannot leave the evidence given above , without making special reference to that of Dr . IIaxd _\* _side . It will be seen that that gentleman makes oath , that in his opinion as a medical man , the sum of 3 s . Gd ., or 3 s . a-week might make a man , his wife , and four children comfortable ! Hut he goes lower than that , he adds , that he thinks even 2 s . Gd . a-wecli might maintain a man , his wife , and four children ! Tliis is not all ; on liis oath he names a man who lives " very well" on Is . a-week ; and he asserts that that man can exist on Gd . a-week for nourishment" very coarse indeed , but yet sufficient ! " This
_anchoi'ito of Auld Reekie must surely bo a sight worth seeing . We wonder if he has an ostrich ' s stomach , and so can dine on a piece of granite , or digest a lump of old iron ? If not , tho living skeleton must be a veritable Daniel Lambert , compared with this sixpenny Scotchman ! In _soiier seriousness how could Dr . _Hasdyside state such abominable trash , — how could the commissioners receive such fabulous assertione ? With Dr .- _Hasdtsude ' _s opinion compare that of Mr . Macaulat . This gentleman makes oath that in his opinion thc sum of os . a week to a single man or woman i 3 the lowest sum that can be allowed , to save them from disease and death , or prevent them having recourse to stealing . We detest personalities : in warring with a bad system , wc
would fain say as little of individuals as possible ; but a regard for truth and justice compels us to pronounce these views of Dr . Haxi > yside as most atrocious—false in themselves , and calculated to perpetuate the injuries thc poor have too long borne with . Dr . IIasdyside—as a medical man—knows well that no human being can subsist on Gd . a week . To allot such a sum for the sustenance of man , woman , or child , is a cruel mockery , a dcliberato scheme of murder . In stating , therefore , that human beings can live on sueh a sum , and make it sufficient , he was defending the murderous conduct of those who allot such sums to their fellow creatures for their support ; and at the same time encouraging tho commissioners to report in favour of , and to sanction such
a murderous system . It is impossible for as to acquit Dr . Hasdyside on the ground of ignorance , we are , therefore , foreed to the conclusion , that , to prop up an infamous system , to serve tho heritors , and aid thc clergy , and " better classes" generally , in 'their frauds on , and murders : of , the poor—for those base purposes he gave thc evidence ascribed to him . We would not for the world ' s wealth , not for any possible consideration , that our name , like that of Dr . _IIasdysid « , should—watered with the teal's ofthe wretched , and blighted by the curses of the poor—go down to posterity , as the apologist and supporter of the Sixpenny Scotch Starvation System !
Last Saturday we received the following communication from Dundee , which witli much pleasure wo g ive publicity to . We now find that our" Dundee Iriends were really the first in the field . Their example is of great importance , and we hope that nothing will induce them to relax in their exertions for tho attainment of an efficient and just poor law . The petition is good as far as it goes , but , J udging by tho description sent us , tre imagine the Aberdeen petition to bo still better , because discussing the bill more fully , and for each evil proposing the requisite remedy . We regret , therefore , that our Aberdeen friends did not send us & copy of their petition , as its publication in our columns might hate boen of great service to other places . Here is the letter from Dundee : —
Sir , —I observe in your paper of the 21 st inst ,, an article on the Amended Scotch Poor law Bill . I thank you for the remarks you have mado upon it , but at the same time permit me to say that we have not allowed the measure to go on without trying all the means in our power to oppose certain of its clauses , which we consider oppressive . We called a public meeting to consider the bill , and agreed to petition both bouses of Parliament . A copy of the petition I enclose to you . We likewise sent a delegate to Brechin and Forfar . At the former plaeo they agreed to petition both houses ; and we have had several communications from Montrose , where they are astir in tha mutter likewise . We have also had communications
from Paisley , and I saw in the Aberdeen Herald of the 21 st , that they had had an out-door meeting there oh the subject . However , there arc many of the towns which yet need rousing from their slumbers . Vr ' e have got our petition sent away , signed by 3000 persons ; its presentation we have entrusted to Mr . Thos . S . Duncombe . It might have been more numerously signed , but we did not wish to be too late . 1 hope you will take notice of this , and if you would be kind _enough to give our petition that publicity that is iu your power to give , so that some of the other towns in Scotland , where your paper is read , may know theclause 3 we object to , I think good would , result By doing so , you will much obligo the committeo in Dundee . —I remain , yours -respectfully , _Chames F _alcoses .
Unto the Honourable the _Coro-mons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled . The humble Petition of the undersigned Inhabitants of ¦ tlie Royal Burgh of Dundee ; Sheweth , That a Bill has been introduced into your Honourable House , entitled , a Bill for the amendment and better Administration of the laws relating to the Poor in Scotland . That certain portions of the said Bill are extremely objectionable , and will , if sanctioned , be _proJuetive of great injury to tho rights and interests of tho working classes generally , as well as to tha unempltyed , tho occasional poor , and the destitute . That your petitioners mo 3 t decidedly object to that part ofthe forty-first clause which confers powers upon the Local Boards to assess upon all rents down so low as five pounds yearly , without defining any class to be exempted from assessment .
Your petitioners further object to that part of tho sixtysecond , clause which deprives all able-bodied persons of any claim to relief wlien unemployed , seeing that , from the improvements in machinery , the fluctuations in trade , & c „ together with . a- rapidly increasing population , great numbers of the labouring classes may be deprived of all employment without any fault Of their own . t Your petitioners further object to the latter part of the sixty-eighth clause , because it substitutes the opinions of the " Board of Supervision in place of the present claim to be heard , when aggrieved , in the Court of Session .
Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that the Bill may be altered ami amended iu so far as that the objectionable parts may be struck out altogether , and that a clause or clauses " be inserted exempting all labourers , artizans , and working men whose solo income is daily or weekly wage or hire of labour , from all assessment , recognising their right to relief when unemployed and destitute , and that thc right or privilege of being heard in tho Court of Session remain to _tw as it is and has been for ages . Your petitioners further pray , that a clause be added to the Bill at the end of the sixty-first section , providing that no poor person of a sane mind shall bo forced against tlieir will into any Poor House , and that such refusal shall form no ground for depriving them of their out-door relief or aliment . And your petitioners will ever pray .
Holloway's Oisthbst Asd Pills.—Debtors'prison
Holloway ' s Oisthbst asd Pills . —Debtors ' Prison
Infirmary, Whitccross-Street.—Extraordin...
Infirmary , Whitccross-street . —Extraordinary Cure of Scrofula bv the uscof one large pot of Ointment and a box of _£ i _! is . Captain Jarvis , an inmate of the above prison , had . for ten years past , _severaUreaoful Bcrofulous ulcers on _hislcgs and other parts ot his body , which resisted every other kind of treatment . Hh case was so desperate as to confine him for several taonths to tile-infirmary ; until he waa miraculously oared bv to m rf tit * **} _wwtaUOT .
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Iioxdtw Conx Excimce, Monday, Jose So — ...
IiOXDtw _Conx ExcimcE _, Monday , Jose SO — Tlte arrival of English wheat was rather large during the past week for the time of year , and good supplies offiourand malt came to hand , but the receipts of barley , oats , bears and peas from our own coast and Scotland were extremely small . From Ireland a part of the _long-Iookcd-for fleet of vessels oat laden arrived , and wo had also a good supply of this grain from abroad . Ofthe 1100 qrs . foreign wheat reported , more than half is from Dantzic ; and above 1000 quarters from Launceston . ' The weather has , since Thursday , been unsettled , and though hitherto productive of no injury , the change has influenced , tko wheat trade , and at all tlie markets held on Saturday an advance of Is . to 2 s . per qv . was established . At Marklane to-day tliere was a small show of samples bv land carriage from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk , and thoueii some improvement has taken place in tlio weather since Saturday , factors insisted on Is . ner nii .
_irtermorc for good qualities , and a fair amount of business was done at the enhancement . Foreign iVee wheat ; was not ' much enquired for , but the trifling sales effected were at very full terms . Bonded parcels wore held at least 2 s . per qr . higher than on this day se ' nnight . Fresh-ground flour , whether of town or _aouiitrymaiiuf-tcdu'c , brought quite last Monday's currency . English barley being scarce was held " firmly , but tho demand was by no means lively , and price * remained nominally unaltered . The factors refusing to give way much , the dealers purchased oats cautiously , still tho transactions were rather extensive _, at a decline of about 0 d . per qr . Tliere were uot many beans fresh up , and late terms were about supported . Peas wero likewise quite as dear as on this day week . Canary-seed continues to come forward rather freely , and prices had a downward tendency this morning . In other kinds of seeds there was little or nothing passing . _CUltrvENT PRICES Ol ' ' GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL
QUARTER . —British . s s s s Wheat , Essex , « fc Kent , new & old red 43 49 _Wliito 43 l _<" , _Sorfolk and Lincoln . ... do 44 43 Ditto 4 _S Z ' S Xorthum . aud Scotch whits 43 43 Fine 49 Z 3 Irish red old 0 0 lied 43 45 V / hito 47 49 Rye Old 30 31 Kew 'io SO Brank Si 85 Barley Grinding . . 25 2 , 5 Distil . 27 so Malt . 31 S 3 Malt Brown .... & 2 54 Pal » _5 & a'i "Ware CO G 2 Bonus Ticks old _inon-Sil 37 Harrow 38 59 _Tiircoil 41 » 3 1 'eus Grey 33 3 S MapU 37 SS White 33 4 l > Oats _Lineoliis is Yorkshire Feed 22 24 Poland 24 26 Scotch Angus 23 25 Potato 2 G 2 a Irish W . it _« 21 24 Ulaek 21 23 Pei-2 S 01 b . net . s _«! Pcr 2 S 01 b . net . s s _Toivn-iiiud ' e Flour ... 43 45 | _Xovfolk is Stockton S 3 8 * Essex and Kent .... 35 3 G I Irish 35 3 C
Free . Bond . Foreign . s a a a Wheat , Dantsie , _XonigslKti-ff . & e ...... 33 58 SS 43 — Marks , Mecklenburg ........ 51 54 83 SS .. Danish , llolstcin , and Friesland red 43 46 28 33 . Russian , _Ifard 44 46 Soft ... 44 48 23 39 Italian , Red . . 47 43 White ... 51 _a-2 32 S 3 _^ fi 1 _? . _' , rard 48 Soft .... 48 52 31 34 Rye . Baltic , Dued , ... 28 _ao _Cudi-lcd . . 28 30 _<>•> 24 Barley , Grinding . 24 26 _Malti'i ? . . 23 32 lfl 24 Beans , Ticks . . 34 3 ( 5 Egyptian . 34 3 $ 28 33 Peas , _"VVhitt . . 37 83 llapio . . 35 37 23 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 25 26 21 23 ¦ Russian feed 21 22 1516 - —Danish , Friesland feed _» 1 22 15 17 Flour , per barrel 04 . 26 19 2-1
Losdos SMWnriELD Cattle Market , Mosdat , Jose SO . —During tlie past week , ending Saturday evening , the imports of live stock from abroad into London wero again extensive—the _Ncptunus , from Hamburgh , bringing 38 oxen ; tho Ocean , 39 cows , 33 oxen , 9 lambs , and 12 calves : the Batavier , SO oxen and cows ; and the Giraffe , 40 oxen and cows from Rotterdam , —being a total import of 150 head of beasts . At Hull , upwards of 40 l > oxen and cows have been received in the above period . The number of foreign beasts on sale here to-day was small , viz , — 48 , a large portion of which was of very middling quality ; nevertheless thoy were speedily disposed of at extreme currencies . From our own grazing districts , the arrivals of beasts fresh up this morning were very limited for the time of year ; while there was nothing amongst them remarkable for excellence of quality . The dead markets being tolerably well cleared of tlieir late country supplies , and the
attendance of buyers rather numerous , tke beef trade was active , at an advance on Friday ' s Quotations of 2 d . per 81 b * , while , in some instances , tbe rates ruled somewhat higher than ' those obtained on Mondaylast—the _pi-imest Scots readily producing 4 s . 3 d . per Sib , and at u'llich a good c . e . - . Ku . c _* . was readily effected . From Norfolk , Snftblk , Essex , and Cambridgshirc , wo received 450 Scots and shorthorns ; from tho north of England—a portion coming per railway from tho neighbourhood of Newcastle—30 O shorthorns , & c . * , from the western and midland counties 400 Ilcrefords , runts , Pevons , & c . ; from other parts of England , 400 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 400 horned and polled Scots . The numbers of sheep were very small . For most breeds tho demand was in a sluggish state , at barely previous figures . Tho lamb trade was steady , at full rates of currency in every instance . In calves only a moderate business was doing , at barely last week ' s currencies . The same may be said of pigs .
By th * quantities of Sib ., _sinliin-j the offal . T . s . _d . s . d Inferior coarse beasts ... 5 3 3 8 Second quality .... 3 10 4 0 Prime large oxen ... . 4 2 4 4 Prima Scots , & c . . . , , 4 q 4 _e Coarse inferior _sheey . . . 3 2 3 6 Second quality . , , , 33 44 Prima coarse _waolied ... 4 0 4 8 Prime Southdown . . , 4 10 5 0 Iambs ... ... 5000 large coarso calves . ... 3 8 4 4 Prime small . . , . , 4 C 4 _1 » ¦ Suckling calves , each . , . 18 0 39 0 _larsohoM . . . . . 30 3 8 Heat small porkers ... 3 10 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 10 9 20 Q
* _BEA » OF CATT 1 E OU S . ltB . ( From th _» Books of tha Clerk of the Jrarfcot . ) _Seaste , 2 , J 25—Sheep and lambs , 23 f , t ? ii '(/—Calves , 220—Pigs , 253 . Richmond Corn Makket , _Sati-hdat , Joke 28 . — . We had a tolerable supply of grain in our market today . Wheat sold from 5 s . 9 d . to 7 s . Od . ; oats 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . Od . ; barley 4 s . to 4 s . 3 d . * , beans 4 s . 6 d . to 5 s . per bushel . Liverpool Cork Market , Mootay , Juxb 30 . — Several cargoes of Canadian produce and manufacture have arrived this week ; up to to-day there is reported 423 qrs . of wheat , 14 , 310 barrels of flour , and 274 * 7 qrs . peas , but there are several cargoes yefc unreported . From our own coast tho arrivals of grain , meal , and flour aro again moderate . The import duty on barley has advanced to 0 s . per quarter , which forms tho only alteration tin ' s week . During
the last three or four days the weather has been variable , —frequent showers , with a changeable temperature . More firmness has consequently been imparted to the wheat trade , and though the business of the week has not been extensive * , the millers and dealers have taken more freely of Irish , _paying tho extreme prices of last Tuesday . Foreign duty-paid wheat has had little attention , but in bond two or three cargoes of Rostock havC ' changed hands , on speculation , at 4 s . 8 d . per 701 bs . Sack flour lias met a fair moderate demand , * of the recently imported Canadian no sales of moment transpired up to to-day . Both oats and oatmeal have been littlo inquired for —2 s . Hd . to 3 s . per 451 bs ., and 24 s . to 24 s . Od . per 2101 bs ., ma-y be considered full quotations * for the botter qualities . In barley , beans , and peas very littlo has been done , and prices continue as last re ported .
MAsenBSTEn Cons Market , _SAicsnAr , _Jwru 2 S —Although the weather since our last report has been somewhat showery , and , at times , cold for the season , it has not been altogether unfavourable for the crops until yesterday , when we had rain without intermission throughout the day . There was , consequently , little or no chango in the trade during the week , the transactions of every article having been wholly confined to thc operations of necessitous buyers , with a -view to their immediate wants , ia which prices were without any material alteration . At our market this morning rather a firmer feeling was manifested , in consequence of the weather still wearing an unsettled aspect . There was , however , only a limited business passing in any article , but the previous currency was maintained .
_Lb-rm Cons Market , Tuesday . July 1 . —Fresh supplies of all grain are small for this dav ' s market We had somehcavy rain early in themorning , and this * , together with tbe noted improvement in Marldane , yesterday , caused onr millers to buy more freely than of lato , andanadvanceof Is . to 2 s . per quarter has been established ; thero is , however , leas doing in chambered wheats , although they are held for higher prices . Oats and beans are scarce , and rather dearer No material change occurs in the value of other articles .
Leeds Cloth _MARKEis .--During the past week there has been a fair amount of business transacted a _* s the Cloth Halls and warehouses . In the latter , _botk forthe home and foreign trade . Several houses haw been rather busily engaged in shipping off . Light limey fabrics , suited for the markets of India and China , and others were preparing shipments of goods of a heavier description for the various markets of Europe , although the busy period for the latter trade has scarcely yet arrived . Wool keeps up , and prices remain about the same .
Malto . v Coax Market , Jo . \ b 28 . —We haavc & fair supply of wheat offering to this day ' s market , bnt short of barley and oats , which sold at last week ' a rates . —Wheat , red , 47 s . to 51 s . ; white ditto , 50 b . to 54 s . per qr . of 40 stones . Barlev , 27 s . to 30 s . pep 32 stone , oats , lid . to 12 d , per stone . " _5-ToitK Cor- ** Market , Saturday , Juxe 28 . —Wo have a moderate supply of grain at our market thi 3 morning , and in consequence of thc weather being rather unsettled at present , the farmers are not inclined to sell without they CM obtain a greater advance than our factors are inclined to give , therefore wo have but very few sales effected . _^ Towt _FoRMionr Fair , Josh 2 G .-We bad only a thin supply of _fttf . _beasts . making from 0 s . 0 d . to 7 s , _^ L J . ! x ? * J _Pl moderate supply of _kan cattle . Witt * little iap _^ _wflt in pric * ,- \ _* _^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 5, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_05071845/page/7/
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