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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th November 1845, Edition 4 of 4, Page unpag

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  • Departments (3)
    • THE LAND.
    • Patal Railway Accidexts.—About five o'clock on
    • t fmigix fotteHigettce*
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      The Land.

      THE LAND .

      To The Working Classes. Mt Deab Fmb5ds, ...

      TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Mt DEAB FMB 5 _DS , -There never was a time thia the mem ory of the oldest man , inore fitting _w or favourable to , the consideration of the Land _ieetthan the present- A portion of each letter 1 have addressed to you , and a portion of every hi have made to you about the Land , has _conned in a comp arison between- the value of free _T _* m & of slave labour , and I liave pointed out to —forcibly the fact , that while millions of people 5 ° _gjjaijy instructed in one single calling , all have allowed to remain in a state of terrible ignorance _^ on a question which , in itself , involves , if not a t nwiedce _. command over all other trades in the _^ _-. _"d-I mean agriculture .

      1 h ave shown you that while you are in part _comgpj 0 f earth , that while the Land supplies every-- . - tD 8 t yon see , everything thatyou wear , _every-* v I that yoa consume , and everything that minis-1 vou comfort—nay , that keeps yon alive , yet , L f tou are wholly ignorant of these facts ; * God L . _^ 7 undertook no small task when I essayed to - jno _* " _* _- _" _* - . * Bs tract you upon so heavy , so foreign , and so _combated a subject . It was , to you , not only a new _L-ience , but what is very much worse , it was one made -verv repulsive , in consequence ofthe great ignorance of { he farming classes , by whose slovenly operations the vroErcss of the science was -very much retarded . This is then , not only a fitting time , but the very

      vjjjj _,. to mallet the -value of the Land into your needs . We are now threatened -with famine . The present spurious mode of _li-ving of the butterfly _Jjass , .-md thc possession of a sufficient portion of food for a short period , hy the industrious class , may prevent you , for the present , from taking tie whole question into consideration ; but , as the railway babble bursts , and as the scanty supply of food grows les and less , and when that scanty reserve is raised bt speculators in price , then the sad reality will _tiand before you .

      It is _ntterly impossible to compute the number of _idlers that are now . engaged in the several bubble speculations that are afloat , and all of whom will be cast back upon society as soon as the bubble bursts . These parties , like yourselves , are low living from hand to mouth , an evil which I have ever described as the greatest that canbefal a people—an evil wliich must contiuue to exist as long as you work for money wages ; an evil which must be considerably _tu-nnentcd by the circumstance of the idlers who

      own the soil having an interest in purchasing yonr labour cheap , and the power to make laws to compel tou to sell it at what price they choose to offer you , or to make yon starve . If I could bring myself to rejoice in so great a national calamity as that which must lead to famine , or to war , 1 would say , welcome _tlaeue , pestilence , or famine ; welcome war , welcome anything that will open the eyes of the survivors , asd teach them how to prevent a recurrence of those visitations which affect the industrious alone .

      No monarch who reigns for OUR GOOD , and whose title to reign is by " right divine : no prince , ao peer , no squire , no bishop , no parson , no _labourjnougcr , no soldier , no sailor , no pensioner , no placeman , no policeman , will starve , however short the amount of provision may be . Why , then , should those who pay them all , and upon whose labour they grow rich , slaveandstarve ? " LetthatqHestionbeanswered 2 nd the answer would be found to be , because the people have no control over that which produces

      food , and no veice in the making of those laws which regulate the price of labour . No man with two acres of land , or with one acre of land for the fair value , will starve , however great the famine may bc ; and for this reason , that the failure of the potatoe crop , or any other crop , wouldbe diminished by the substitution of other food . And few men put all their eggs into one basket , or devote all their land to one purpose ; although 1 shall , presently , furnish you -with such an example .

      The reason of this is , that if the failure of any crop should render his produce of the year insufficient for his support for the year , his position as a free labourer will allow him to spread the calamity of one season over more extensive time , by enabling him to receive sneh credit as will make np for the deficiency . Hence wc find , that if a man pays £ 5 a-year for the occupation of two acres of land , he is in better circumstances , in trying times , than the man who , when employed , may earn £ 2 or £ 3 a-week , but whose employment depends _jupon tbe , caprice of j anoflierl Tbe Land , then , is our legitimate

      speculation at the present time , and is , 1 think , _distinguished in its character from all other speculations by the f act , that while thousands who have been lured by the hope of gain are now trembling upon the very brink of destruction , our funds are up-husbanded , and bearing aninterest ef 21 per cent ., ready , when Siting opportunity presents itself , to be appropriated , vMoul deduction , to the purposes for which it was raised . In one of my letters from abroad , I stated ihat the Englishlabouring classes could now devote themselves to agricultural pursuits under more favourable auspices than the people of any other countrv inthe world ; and now I'll tellyeu why .

      Firefly— _Grassland , thatis , Land tkathasnot been broken up for many years , is the most valuable description of Land , not that grass is the most valuable crop , but because the longer land is kept in grass the stronger , the richer , the more productive , and valuable it becomes . It is its time of rest ; and old grass land is to land that has been constantly cultivated , what the able-bodied vigorous man , in the prime of life , is to the helpless veteran , who has been broken down by hard toil and bad usage . There is then more of this maiden rich soil in England than isto be found in any country in Europe according to iheir respective dimensions . This anomaly is a consequence of the landlords imposing a condition npon their tenants that thev shall only cultivate so many

      acres , leaving the remainder in grass . The second reason is , that in all other countries in Europe the surplus of produce after consumption sells much cheaper , and is worth much less than the same produce is worth in England . This arises from our system of fixation , which raises every [ article , even _labouritsclf , to a fictitious standard , thus—if English _laisourersreceive alaige amount of money wages , it h regulated by that scale of taxation wliich compels ihemto give more money for everything they consume . The produce , then , after consumption , of two acres in England , would be worth more than double

      the amount that the same quantity of produce would fetch in mostother conntries . Tes , says the political economist , but the value of that surplus also has but a fictitious value , and must be reduced to the proper standard by the fiction scale . It is no such thing , and now fora " great / act "—a greater fact than the Corn Law League—thefact that an Englishman paying £ 3 a-year for two acres of Land and a house IS NOT TAXED AT ALL-that is , he is not taxed except by _himself while , at the same time , in consequence oi our system of taxation , those who deal witfc Mm give him the taxed price for his produce .

      Let me he perfectly understood . I may be asked if tithe and poor-rates are not to be paid by the holder of two acres . They are , but are a mere flea-Dite—an amount which would be more than made up by the additional taxed price of a sack of potatoes , a quarter of wheat , or a small pig . Furthermore , the tithe , poor-rates , and all other taxes paid upon Land in addition to the rent , will not bring it up to one half the amount paid in other countries for Land not near as good . Now , I beg my readers to understand me clearly , as I mean precisely what I have been preaching to them for thirteen yeare , namely ,

      ihat if they were wise , and did their own work , they may turn the follies and injustice of their rulers to . _profit . Here , thcB , I show them that the folly oi * landlords in keeping their Land in grass , while population daily presses upon the means of support , and even the injustice of iaxation , may be turned to profit In a word , then , the man in England who ias two acres of Land for ever need only pay a very trifling amount of taxation ( simply what I have stated ) , the small duty on leather ; while , in consequence of taxation , he will get double the amount for his surplus that those of the same class

      - "broad can get . I am _TMJ particular in thus contrasting English _agncnltBristB with those of other countries , and for flnA -veiy _limple reason , because the Honourable and Severend Baptist _Koel , and the other _Malthusians , luffe told _w that _niiijinlactnring is the _natnral _ffork

      To The Working Classes. Mt Deab Fmb5ds, ...

      oi Englishmen , and agriculture the natural work of the people of all other countries . IIow irreverent ' . how blasphemous ! Behold , the picture that I hare often presented to you is now fully before you—a famine in England ! the natural consequence of which is that Englishmen are , to a frightful extent , at the mercy of the governments of foreign countries , whereas , if allowed t-o cultivate their own resources , she would be independent of their caprice . I will now state for yon a still greater advantage that Englishmen , who sow become small farmers , have over the same class in other countries . Firstly , we learn thousands of instances daily where the small

      possessor furnishes a practical example pf improvement to the _slugglish old farmer , while none of them tread in his beaten plough-track .: The Land abroad is subdivided and tilled , ' but without any science . Ezormous rents are paid by great drudgery , and bad tenure is provided against by great economy , which ends in purchase . Our Association , then , will have the advantage of certainty of tenure , and the light of new science ; but yet a greater advantage remains to be told . Throughout the wholo Continent of Europe , except upon the side or summit of the towering Alps , -where each little cottager appears to be the direct inheritor fi-om God himself of what is

      necessary to supply all his humble wants , there is scarcely such a thing as a resident farming class . The holders of acres -of . half acres , of two acres , three acres , four acres , or five acres , seldom have habitations contiguous to their holdings . They live in villages , and even in large towns—some at a distance of three , four , and even five miles from the Land they cultivate . Even in Belgium , where the small farm system exists to a great extent , the cottager , for the most part , lives at a considerable distance from his Land . This , as I stated in one ot my letters from that country , is a consequence of a greater desire to possess a habitation from which the occupant cannot be ousted , than even the Land in the first instance .

      Now , in our Association , the cottage would be on the Land ; and 1 would rather Rive £ 8 a year for two acres of Land with a cottage upon it , than have it for nothing , if I was obliged to live even one mile from it , for bear in mind tbat not only the residence , but tbe _fithn buildings , are three , four , and five miles distant from thc Land . This is the greatest advantage ofall ; and now I will mention to you the case ofa general failure where one of our members put all his eggs in one basket . John Milward , who holds two shares in our Association , recently bought four acres of good' Land , within twenty-three miles of London , for which he . paid £ 75 . Now , mark , - £ 18 _los . is the purchase price at which I stated good Land could be bought , and I was laughed at . But

      if you will take the trouble to calculate , you will find that £ 15 for four acres is exactly £ 18 15 s . an acre . He planted the whole four acres with potatoes this year , and was offered £ 100 for them when planted , from which deduct £ 2-5 for expense , ( and mind that the manure and labour , whieh constituted nearly all the expense , were still in the ground , and of which he would have the future benefit , ) but deduct £ 25 from the £ 100 , and you find that he would have the ground for ever for NOTHING after one crop . The potatoes have all failed , and are now not worth a pound ; but tliat proves nothing , as such a failure is not _upourecord ; while , upon the otlier hand , if the crop had not failed the produce would liave been worth £ 200 .

      For the present I need say no more than to refer you to the glorious position in which our National Regeneration Association stands , and to my account , as _Deputy-Treasurer from the time I last settled up , to the period that the Post-office orders have been signed by the Treasurer . My friends , —Ihave never deceived you ; and now , mark my words the day of pur power is fast approaching ; keep your eye fixed steadily upon the thing that feeds-you ; the thing that will give you a vote ; the thing that will give you a constitution and institutions , under wliich I hope and trust in God to see you one day happy , flourishing , contented , and at rest . Ever your faithful friend and servant , Feargus O' _Coxnoh .

      P . S . I wish most sincerely that every man whe is in donbt upon the subject , or who wishes to receive practical knowledge , would read my practical work on Small Farms . I have the more pleasure in recommending it , because I have sold the copyright , and have no earthly interest in its sale beyond that of servingyou . Agents may be supplied through Mr . Heywood , Mr . Cleave , _ilr . Hetherington , or by sending their orders to the Northern Star office , 16 , Great Windmill-street , London . Since the above was written , I offered John Milward £ 130 for his four acres , but lie refused it . It was not for the Association , but for myself . F . O'C .

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      Patal Railway Accidexts.—About Five O'Clock On

      _Patal Railway Accidexts . —About five o ' clock on

      Rnday Morning Week A Melancholy Accident...

      rnday morning week a melancholy accident occurred at the _Kilwiiling station of the Ayrshire Railway , whereby , we regret to add , ' a porter , named Henry Murray , lost his life . The deceased , who had been assisting in pushing forward two trucks , to attach them to the luggage train from Ayr , incautiously attempted to do so when they were still in motion , whereby he was so severely bruised that he died about one o clock in the afternoon , ne was a sober , industrious man , and has left a widow and small family . —About two o ' cloek on the same day a boy , named Morrison , belonging to Irvine , had , without the knowledge of the servants of the company , and contrary to their rules , get upon a luggage-truck , from whence he was removed by one of the porters ; but , having again climbed up unperceived by the servants , who were pushing forward the trucks with their heads down at the time , fell between thc two trucks , and was killed on the spot .

      Extraordinary Suicide bt a _Yodxg Girl . —On Monday Mr . Bedford held an inquest at the Rising Sun , Charles-street , Grosvenor-square , on the body of Ann Goundry , aged twelve years . Mrs . Ann North , of 22 , Lisson-street , Edgeware-road , said that the diseased was her grand-daughter . She had lived with witness during the past two months , and been seen by lier mother during that period every day . On Wednesday last she took some lump sugar which she ought not , for which witness scolded her , but did not strike her . She went to bed thesame night about the usual hour , and got up between seven and eight the following morning . Shortly after dressing lierself , she went out , and was not seen afterwards by witness . She has a father , who is a steam engine maker , but he has absconded from his

      familv , and has not been seen during the last two rears ! The deceased was very sullen and unforgiving . _EmmaNorth , a daughter of thelast witness , said that on the nig ht of Wednesday last the deceased slept with-witness . She had retired to bed previous to witness , and on her awaking the following morning she appeared very cheerful , and conversed with her brother , who slept in the same room , about the performance atone ofthe theatres . About half an hour after she got np , -witness saw her standing on the step ofthe street door , and shortly afterwards she missed her . James Gulliver , one of the gatekeepers of Kensington Gardens , said that on tho morning of Thursday last he received information that the deceased had thrown herself into , the water . He 1 mmediatelr despatched intelligence to the Royal Humane " Society's receiving house . A man told witness that he had seen the deceased walk some distance into the river , then return , and afterwards

      walk back again , and fall into the water and disappear . Gharles Pullen , one of tke boatmen to the Royal Humane Society , was on the Serpentine River , in a boat , on Thursday morning last , when he saw tke deceased sitting on a seat , witl i out a bonnet or shawl . He asked her what she did there ; and she replied that she was looking for her bonnet and shawl , which she had lost . She afterwards walked away very quickly , in the direction of Kensington . About ten o clock the same morning , Mr . Superintendent Williams , and witness , from information they received , went and dragged the river , and after a search of twenty minutes they found the body , which was taken to the receiving-house , and placed in a warm bath , and everything done that could be devised , but without avail , Jife being extinct . The coroner remarked npon the extraordinary nature of the case , and the jury returned a verdict _© f " Temporary mental derangement . "

      Rnday Morning Week A Melancholy Accident...

      THE STATE OF GERMANY . - _LOITER II . 10 THK EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN-STAR . Dear Sir , —Having , in my first letter described the state of Germany before and during the French Revolution , as well as during the reign _ofNAPOWOS ; having related how the great conqueror was overthrown , and by what parties , I now resume the thread of my narrative to show what Germany made of herself after this " glorous restoration of national independence . ¦"¦' _- . ' . . The view I took of all these events was ' diametrically opposed to that in which they generally are represented ; but my view is , to a letter ,, confirmed by the events of the following period of German history . Had the war against Napoleon really been a war of liberty against despotism , the consequence would have beenthat all those nations which .

      Napo-, leon has subdued , would , after his downfall , have proclaimed the principles and enjoyed the blessings of equality . But quite the contrary was the case . With England , the war had been commenced by the frightened aristocracy , and supported by the meneyocracy , who found a source of immense profit in the repeated loans , and the swelling of the National Debt ; in the opportunity afforded them to enter into the South American markets , to cram them with their own manufactures , and to conquer such French , Spanish , and Hutch colonies as they thought proper , for the better filling of their purses ; to - make " Britannia rule the waves" . despotic , that they might , harass to their heart ' s pleasure the . trade of . any other nation , whose competition threatened to endanger thc-progress of , their own

      enrichn \ ent . irand _laSUyV _. _to-asseif - theirright _bfniifting enormous profits , by providing the European markets / in opposition to Napoleon ' s continental system . Stich were the real causes of the long war on the part of those classes in whose hands the Government of England was then deposited ; and as to the pretext , that the fundamental principles of the English Constitution were endangered by the French Revolution , it only shows what a precious piece cf workmanship Ibis " perfection of human reason" must have been . As to Spain , the war had commenced in defence oi the principle cf legitimate succession , and of the inquisitorial despotism of the priesthood . ' The principles ofthe constitution cf 1812 , was introduced later , in order to give the people some inducement to continue the struggle , being themselves of French origin .

      Italy n _» _ver was opposed to Napoleon , having received nothing but benefits fvoiu . h ' is hands , and having to thank him ibrbervery existence as a nation . The same was the case with Poland . What Germany was indebted for to Napoleon Ihave related in my first letter . By aU and each of the victorious powers thedownfal of Napoleon was considered as the destruction of the French Revolution , and the triumph of legitimacy . The consequences were , of course , the restoration of this principle at home ; first under the disguise of such sentimentalities as " holy alliance , " " eternal peace , " " pulic weal , " " confidence between prince and subject , " < fcc , « fcc , afterwards undisguised by the bayonet and the dungeon . The

      impotency of the conquerors was sufficiently shown by this one fact , that , after all , the vanquished French people , with a hated dynasty forced upon them , and maintained by 150 , 000 foreign muskets , yet inspired such awe in the breasts of their victorious enemies , that they got a tolerably liberal constitution , while the other nations , with all their exertions , and all their boasting of liberty , got nothing but fine words first , and hard bullets afterwards . The putting down of the French Revolution was celebrated by the massacres of Republicans , in the south of France ; b y the blaze ofthe inquisitorial pile and the restoration of native despotism in Spain and Italy , and by the gagging-bills and " _Peterloo " in . England * . We shall -now see that in Germany things took a similar course .

      The Kingdom of Prussia was the first of all German states to declare war against Napoleon . It was then governedby Frederick William III ., nicknamed "The Just , " one of the greatest blockheads that ever graced a throne . Born to be a corporal and to inspect the buttons of anarniy ; dissolute , without passion , aud a morality-monger at the same time , unable to speak ct ' aerwise but in the infinite tense , surpassed only by his son as a writer of proclamations ;' he knew only two feelings—fear and corporal-like imperiousness . During Ihe first . half ofhis reign his predominating state _« f mind was the fear , of Napoleon , who treated him with the generosity , of contempt in giving him back half his kingdom , which he did not think worth the "keeping . It was this fear which led him to allow a party of half-and-half

      reformers to govern in his stead , Hardexberg , Streix , Schon _. Scharnhorst , & c ., who introduced a more liberal organisation of municipalities , abolition oi servitude , commutation of feudal services into rent , or a fixed sum of twenty-five years purchase , and above all , the military organisation , which gives the people a tremendous power , and which some time or other will be used against the Government . They also " prepared" a constitution whicli , however , has not yet made its appearance . We shall soon see what turn the affairs of Prussia took after the putting down of the French Revolution . The "Cor 3 ican monster" being got into safe custody , there was immediately a great congress of great and petty despots held at Vienna , in order to divide the booty and the prize-money , and to see how far the

      anti-revolutionary state of things could be restored . Nations were bought and sold , divided and united , just as it best suited the interests and purposes of their rulers . There were only three States present who knew what they were about—England , intending to keep up and extend her commercial supremacy , to retain the lion ' s share out of the colonial plunder , and to weaken all the remainder—France , not to suffer too much , and weaken all others—Russia , to get increase of strength and territory , and to weaken all others ; the remainder were directed by sentimentalities , petty egotism , and some of them even by a sort of ridiculous disinterestedness . The consequence was , that France spoiled the job for the great German States ; that Russia got the best part of Poland ; and England extended her maritime

      power more by the peace than by the war , and obtained the superiority in all continental markets—of no use for thc English people , but means of enormous enrichment to the English middle classes . The German states , who thought of nothing but of their darling principle of legitimacy , were cheated once more , and lost by the peace everything they had won by the war . Germany remained split up into thirty-eight states , whose divisions hinders all internal progress , and makes France more than a match for her ; and who continuing the best market for English manufactures , served only to enrich the English middle classes . It is all well for this section of the English people to boast of the generosity which prompted them to send enormous sums of money to keep up the war against Napoleon _; but , if we

      even suppose that it was them , and not the working people , who in reality had to pay these subsidiesthey only intended , by their generosity , to re-open the continental markets , and in this they succeeded so well that thc profits they have drawn since the peace , from Germany alone , would repay those sums at least six times over . It is really middle class generosity which first makes you a present in the shape of subsidies , and afterwards makes you repay it six-fold in the shape of profits . Would they have been so eager to pay tliese subsidies , if at the end of the war , the reverse had been likely to be the ease , and England been inundated with German manufactures , instead of Germany being kept in manufacturing bondage by a few English capitalists ? However , Germany was cheated on all hands , and

      mostly by her own so called friends and allies . This I should not mnch eare for myself , as I know very well" that we are approaching to a re-organization of European soeiety , which will prevent such tricks on the one hand , and such imbecilities on the other ; what I want to show is , first , that neither the English people , nor any other people profitted by cheating the German despots , but that it all was for the benefit of other despots ; or of one particular class , whose interest is opposed to the people ; and second , thatthe very first act of the German restored despots showed their thorough incapacity . We now turn to the home affairs of Germany . Wehave seen who were the parties that , with the aid of English money and Russian barbarism , put down the _ErenchRevtfution . They were divided into two sections ; first , the violent partisans of old " Christian . Germanic" society , the peasantry and the enthusiastic youth , who were imp elled by

      the fanaticism of servitude , of nationality , ol legitimacy and religion ; and second , the more sober middle class men who " wished to be let alone , to make money and to spend it without being bothered with the impudent interference of great historical events . The latter party were satisfied as soon as they had obtained the peace , the right to buy m the cheapest market , to drink ; coftee without admixture of chicory , and to be excluded from allpoliticalafiairs . The " Christian GermanicB , " however , now became the active supporters of the restored governments , and did everything in their power to screw history back to 1789 . As to those who wished to see the people enjov some of the fruits of their exertions , they had been strong enough to make their watchwords the battle-crv of 1813 , but not the practice of 1815 They got some fine promises of constitutions , free press , & c ., and that was all ; in practice everything was

      Rnday Morning Week A Melancholy Accident...

      _ifie-i | _ptem _« _3 _bfefefinb _% _, bnly _vrlhlcfiWlMtefoMdM Vflite % iM tt _' ehf _MoK _'Mtai < tiQns ' _Th _^ _mSlffigmmf $ _&?& f _& _^ fl- ¦ _VestoreiCTen _^^ _# C _^^ J _^«^ _WctfWd been fetit off by til _^ _W !» _iPSfi-li 6 iia 8 ; -ffl _^ fHiB :, Fi _« iidli : 7 v '' "Tir 8 !) bi _^; IGer-™ 2 _&?! f _^ 0 _^ _"fevy y _^ ther-counti _^ ,. - _'dffia-jgd the p . _^ _M _9 i _/^ _S _'? _W _% _^ » _reaction which - _^ _a _' ronly ! dis-*? _li ? S _$ _W a <* aracter " ' of -timidity _antfwtei & _iiBffi ; 1 _## e # _a ; _d- | vate ' itself _BtBairjd _^ _Wely _^ ll _^ . _^ _I _^ i _^ _-anfceiatid _^ rigldhdL-f- '> v- •; :,., _££ _^! H M _$£ system to _wWbh'Gamariy-iiadbeen 8 U _^! _$ _^ * - _* _Congress'I-if uVienna ; ' ! now _com-™ _** - _^^)^*»& iced between _the-m _^ _erenfc'German i

      »»!»» _* . _™ raMeWB 8 . i « _Fra _*» ia . and > _AiJ « t « af ih order . to wet | _t-Bn _^ tJie _power _^ -bf "the-. _^ differeiit' _-states , forced _tl _^ _itotinitevMfoe sort - of tmobgi » l- _toojistitutions _whttkvga-emjd - ' the _'governnwJits ; 'aBd without imp _™|^ _ifef _$ _*'' _the-ped p _lej-w-ev-sn-ihe middle _ctos p _^ _Kgnnaaj * being conltiiuted ' a _Confederacy ot _^^ _m _^ o ' _embksaies , ¦ _serit'b f _& _eijjovenime . nts a _towfc _»» njj _& - thc diet ; there _-was-. ' ra _^^ c--that : tfe P _^^^ Bt _^ o Bcome too strong ,. _aswe'fysta'te . was b ° _Wff _ft _^ _WTesolutions of the diet , . which we ' re law _fofr _j-f _ff _^ lp nany , -without : beinf _subject-to . the ap-P' ? _# _i ° _^» y representative assembly _^ _wltt'tbiS diet _it- _j *« _fWi _^ _gBatter of course that Prnssia _< aiHl _* Aiisfria rul _^ iWjlutely . ; . - . they : only had-to . threaten the

      ] essewjpfic ( js , ' itd : abandon them in their .: straggle _witlvSsfcir representative assemblies , ' . in 7 prder _* to frigh | _gE fcheih into implicit . obedience ,. By these be-ng ; tae 7 tru 9 representatives of that principle from which every German prince derives his power , they have made themselves the absolute rulers of Germany . Whatever may be done in the small states is witliout any effect in practice . The struggles of the Liberal middle classes of Germany remained fruitless as long as they were confined to the smaller southern states ; they became important as soon as the middle-classes of Prussia were aroused from their lethargy . And as the Austrian people can hardlv be said to belong to the civilised world , and , in consequence , submit . quietly to their paternal despotism , the state ivhich may be taken as the centre of German

      modem history , as the barometer of the movements of public opinion , is Prussia . After the downfall of Napoleon , the King of Prussia spent some of his happiest years . He was cheated , it is true , on every hand . England cheated liim ; France cheated him ; his own dear . friends , the Emperors of Austria and Russia , cheated -him over and over again ; but he , in the fulness of his heart , did not even find it out ; he could not think of thc possibility of there being any such scoundrels in the world who could cheat Frederick William III ., "the Just . " He was happy . Napoleon was overthrown . He had no fear . He pressed the Article 13 th of the Fundamental Federative Act of Germany , which promised a constitution for every state .

      He pressed the other article about the liberty of tlie press .. Nay , on the 22 nd of May , 1815 , he issued a proclamation commencing with these words—words inwhich his benevolent happiness was beautifully blended " with his corporal-like _lmperiousncss— "There shall be a representation of the people ! " He went on to order that a commission should be named to prepare a _constituion for his people ; and even in 1819 , when there htid been revolutionary symptoms in Prussia , when re-action was rifest all over Europe , and when the glorious fruit of the Congresses was in its full blossom , even then he declared that , in future , no public loan should be contracted witliout the assent of the future representative assemblies of the kingdom . Alas ! this _hamiv time did not lastThe fear of _i biua _vkm \ i \ iuof _jijiilent

      . _..-mo . ua _yi'j .. w avu . ; w * Napoleom ivas but too soon replaced in the king ' s mind by the fear of the revolution . But of that in my next . I have only one word io add . Whenever , in English democratic meetings , the "patriots of all countries" are toasted , Andreas Hofer is sure to be amongst them . Now , after what I have said on the enemies of Napoleon in Germany , is Hofer _' s name worthy to be cheered by democrats ? Hofer was a stupid , ignorant , bigotted , fanatical peasant , whose enthusiasm was thatof La Vendee , that of " Church and Emperor . " Qe fought bravely—but so did the VendOans against the Republicans . He fought for the paternal despotism of Vienna and Rome . Democrats of England ,

      for the . sake of the honour of the German people , leave that bigot out of the question in future . Germany has better patriots than him . 'Why not mention Thomas _Mun-ser , the glorious chief of the peasantry " insurrection of 1545 , who was a real democrat , as far as possible , at that time ? Why not glorify George Forster , the German Thohas Paine , who supported the French Revolution in Paris up to the last , in opposition to all his countrymen , and died on the scaffold ? Why not a host of others , who fought for realities , and not for delusions ? lam , dear Sir , yours respectfully , Your German Correspondent .

      T Fmigix Fottehigettce*

      t _fmigix _fotteHigettce *

      - . L<Kai\Ue. A Letter From Marseilles, ...

      - . l < KAi \ UE . A letter from Marseilles , of the 27 th , states that the Ilerculaneum has disembarked in tbat city 34 individuals implicated in the last troubles in Romagna . The whole number that had arrived there was . the letter states . OG .

      SPAIN . The following is from the correspondent of the Times ; — Mabrid , Oct . 20 . —I mentioned some time since the probability there was , that at the approach oftlie elections , municipal and for the Cortes , more than one cbhspiracy would be discovered by some very sharp-sighted Political Chiefs , or a few acute Captains-General . My anticipations have been in part realised ... The Captain-General of Valencia ( Roncali ) has , it seems , discovered a formidable conspiracy in that city , and has commenced by arresting a few dozen unhappy Progresistas . It is a curious coincidence that tliese were persons who , it is supposed ,

      would have taken a leading part in the elections . The coincidence must , of course , have been accidental ; but it is fortunate , nevertheless , as it removes a number of troublesome persons . Two persons were discharged , and are now at liberty , * the others still remain in close custody , and are even not allowed to communicate with any one , notwithstanding that after the declarations being taken in the usual way , and the evidence against them examined , the Judgo of First Instance presented liimself to the Political Chief , and informed that zealous functionary that the charge of conspiracy should not be-followed up , as there was no proof against the prisoners , and that consequently he ( the Political Chief ) was responsible for their detention .

      Barcelona , Oct . 27 . —lhe news from themountain districts is of an alarming character . I am creditably informed that many of the " Alcaldes " ( local magistrates ) of the prinoipal towns have made official reports of tlieir inability to carry into effect the orders of Government for carrying out the conscript svstem , and the levying of thc new ( contributions . The : young men are ¦ reported to be again abandoning the towns , and are flying to the mountains . The second in command , General Folgosio , whom I mentioned in my last , went yesterday to Mataro , returned this morning , and immediately after his arrival tho Captain-General , General

      Breton , ordered a strong column to be organised , consisting of 2 , 000 infantry , a squadron of cavalry , and six pieces of light mountain artillery , and he himself , accompanied by his staff , set out with this column for tho mountain district . The departure of the Captain-General at such a critical juncture from the capital has increased ten-fold the excited state of the public mind , and everybody says that it must be veiy serious indications in the mountain districts that could have induced him , at this moment , toleave Barcelona , ! and , weaken so considerably the garrison here . Several families are , it is said , preparing to leave the city , not thinking themselves secure from outbreaks with so small a garrison _» scarcely 4 , 000 men , to which it is now reduced .

      GERMANY . The Religious Movements . —The Steele publishes a letter from Berlin of the 25 th of October which asserts that " The Prussian Government is about to direct against the new Catholic schism the measures enforced against the 'friends of Protestant reform . ' Not only is it certain that the Abbe Ronge will be handed over to the superior tribunal of Breslaw , but it is known that the presumptive heir to'the throne is actively engaged in arresting the development of the doctrines taught by the German Catholics , lt is expected that this may be accomplished by means ol

      the censorship on the press ; but it is not probable that the Government will succeed . As yet , at least , the followers of the new Catholic church appear hot to doubt of their right , and proceed with an air of assurance ; ; On the 23 rd the deputies from the German' Catholic communes of the provinces of Saxony , of Brandenburg , and of Pomerania , who were deputed to the synod of Berlin , held a preparatory meeting . Nineteen communes were represented —viz . Berlin Potsdam , Spandau , Brandenburg , Hauen , Halle , Rugpm , G . enetien _, Stettin , Frankforton-the-Oder , Stolpe , _Cottbus , Neurugpin , Mersebourg , Salzvedel _, and Mulhausen . The deputies nre twenty-seven in number , _ofwhomfi-fcareeWyroen .

      - . L<Kai\Ue. A Letter From Marseilles, ...

      JFhc ceremonial , of the most simple character , _having been arranged at the _preparatory * _meeting , the ' opening of the synod took place at nine p ' clock on the morning of the 24 th . The parish priest' ( Briiuiiei' ) pronounced the opening discourse . The orator applied himself' to the examination of whether our period was prepared for a religious reform . lie declared in the affirmative . ' The aspiration fora better religious form has been awakened . in us , ' said the orator , ' and we have assembled here'in order that this tendency should bear its fruits . The reform has been represented as aw ephemeral idea , produced

      in the brains ot some young people , but there are too many grey hairs to be seen , in this assembly for any one to doubt that reform is * a serious and ; well considered movement . ' Ml Brauner terminated his discourse by inviting all his colleagues'to inculcate the principles of concord and moderation . After a few words from M . Galle ,, the president indicated the order in which the debates should proceed . The statutes of , tbe synods of . Leipsic and _Bicslau were adopted ' a & the / base of the synod of Berlin . The debate was grave , and all accounts agree in stating that the assembly proved itself to be penetrated with the importance of its missioB . " . ¦

      • ITALY . * ., The Augsburg ¦ Gazette Of the 28 th ult . contains ' letters from Rome Ofthe 18 th , which state that tll ' e ' revolutionary party in Italy * has not by any meaii ' s abandoned its schemes , although the recent failure at ' Rimini had in some"degree discdmfitted _tlierii . On the 12 th an armed vessel appeared , late in the evening ; at tht mouth of the river Trdnto , in the Adriatic , which is the boundary between the Papal _and'Neapolitan states , and came so close to the shore that the crew _could'be distinctly seen on deck . The persons

      on board appear to have expected to find partizans on shore , lor they fired two guns as a signal . No answer was , however , returned ; and after _lyinsr to till near morning took its , departure without having had any communication with the shore . The vessel was supposed to have come from Corfu . Troops had been sent from Ascoli to prevent future attempts to disembark in the same quarter . Letters from Rome , ofthe 21 st , give a report that another attempt was made to land below the port ol 1 ' evmo _, near St . Benedetto , by two powerfully armed vessels .

      ALGERIA . . The Paris Mbniteur of Monday contains a series of despatches from the French Generals commanding in Algeria From these despatches it appears that the indomitable Emir was as active , energetic , and ubiquitous as at any former period of his career . With a formidable body of swift oavalry he is able to set at defiance the regular troops opposed to him , and to raise the population in nearly every direction , contriving when menaced by a superior force of the French to effect , in every instance , a safe and brilliant retreat . Thus , Abd-el-Kader is truly represented in the despatches of the French officers as flying before them ,

      while in reality his great object is gamed by causing to them immense loss , not merely by the yatagan ( and he never declines an engagement when not outnumbered ) , but by disease . A letter from Paris says , " It is impossible to withhold admiration from tliis chivalrous Arab . Neither would it be possible to withhold sympathy from the brave troops opposed to him , who perish by hundreds of disease , were their _csurse not marked by a degree of ferocity that should not characterize the soldiers of a civilised nation . General Lamoriciere appears , by his despatch , to wait instructions . He had carried war and death int « the revolted tribes , but had not yet been able to inflict upon thc Emir himseli

      any serious injury . The Semaphore of Marseilles publishes the _following fresh details of the campaign of General Lamoriciere in the mountains of the Travas , communicated by an eye witness : — " The troops in pursuit of Abd-el-Kader _preoeeded with extreme activity towards the mountainous defiles in which the * indefatigab ! e Emir was encamped ; but as soon as the latter was informed that thc French troops were approaching , he retreated , and left the tribes , whose fanaticism he had excited , t > the mercy of our soldiers . We advanced under the excitement produced by the butchery of Djemma

      Ghazaout , and of the lamentable event of Am Temeucheu . During our bivouac , or . when we halted , we constantly referred to those events , determined to take such a satisfaction as would long be remembered J by the Arabs . The army reached a mass ef Arabs , who , surprised in a ravine . and struck with terror , made signs that they would surrender ; but our soldiers charged tliem , and 300 dead bodies speedily filled the ravine . " And yet the writer has just referred tothe lamentable , event of Ain Temeucheu , where 200 French soldiers surrendered to the Arabs , and of whom not a man was even insulted .

      " Tho report of this first and necessary chastisement caused the presumption of the Arabs to give place to fear . Having afterwards arrived at tlie small town of Nedroma , of which the inhabitants considered they were doomed to destruction , the chief ' s appeared on the feeble ramparts of their town and raised the cry of Aman . The General entered into communication with them , when they declared that the Emir had taken advantage of their inability to . resist , and had compelled tliem' to furnish him with recruits . General Lamoriciere , who was preparing to carry the town by assault , suffered him ? elf ta be persuaded , and Nedroma was spared . On the 13 th a serious battle was fought , anil the results are alread y known . We quitted Nedroma at nine o ' clock in the moraing , and we _shovtty afterwards observed , posted on two small hills , 2 , 000 Kabyles , who appeared disposed to resist vigorously , relying

      on the strength of their position . Our advanced guard charged under a shower of musket-balls from the Kabyles . Having reached the summit , there was a determined engagement fought hand to hand . In the meantime Colonel _M'Mahon arrived at the scene of action with two battalions of thc 41 st regiment , and one of Zouaves , and the enemy ' s position was carried . The Arabs lost 400 of their party . This brilliant affair cost us the loss of Colonel Monier , of the 41 st . M . Carondclet , the Major of the same regiment , was severely wounded , a ball having struck his head . The remainder of our loss amounted to eight men killed and fifteen wounded . The column subsequently marched to Djemma Ghazaout , and on the 17 th . General Lamoriciere marched towards Tlemceu , whenee he intended to proceed to Bel-Ales , in order to effect a junction with the troops under the command of Marshal Bugeaud . "

      , _ _ ^..^.. .^ Tiie.Po^A^E^Mmi^^;- ^-W-

      , __ __ _^ _.. _^ .. . _^ TIIE _. PO _^ A _^ E _^ _MMI _^^; _- _^ _-w-

      . Duncombe Testimonial.—The Sub Committe...

      . Duncombe Testimonial . —The sub committee , appointed in July last , in accordance with the instructions given by the central committee , haying selected an elegant design , in which the spirit of Britisii Liberty is represented as rewarding her champion . Messrs . Garrod and Co ., of Panton-street , were selected as the makers . A deputation from the subcommittee called at the manufactory on Tuesday last , and saw the work in a forward state , and were informed that it would be complete immediately after Christmas . The presentation of this splendid ornament to Mr . Duncombe will take place as early after that period as possible , and a balance-sheet will be published , and issued to the subscribers . _Mystekious Disappearance of Lady Adei . a Yillibrs . —Briohto . v , Nov . 6 . —Considerable excitement has been caused in this town by the sudden and mysterious disappearance of Lad y Adela Corisanda Maria Villiers , youngest daughter of the Earl of

      Jersey , who has been missing since yesterday afternoon . His lordship and family are at present residing at East Lodge , Upper Rock Gardens . It appears that at live o ' clock yesterday afternoon her ladyship retired to her room , with the avowed intention of dressing for dinner ; but as she did not make her appearance at table , inquiries wero made , and she was not to be found in thc house . On further investigation it was ascertained that her ladyship passed through the lodge gate , at a quarter-past five o ' clock , with a small bundle in her hand , and turned down St . James ' sstreet ; but nothing further could be learned of her . Inquiries have been made since at the railway station , but no person employed about it remember any person answering her ladyship ' s description going by either of the trains which left laBt night after five o ' clock . Every means has been resorted to to trace the fugitive , but hitherto without the slightest success . Lady Adela is only 11 years of age .

      Brighton , Nov . 7 . —We are informed that , on inquiry , the earl's family received intelligence that a lady answeringthe description of the fair fugitive was observed to leave by one of the railway trains for London , in the protection of a tall gentleman ; but at this point alltrace has been lost . Murder in Mayo . —About eight o'clock on last Saturday night , as a man named Peter Gibbons was leaving Westport for his residence near Kilboyne , he was waylaid opposite the court-house here , and received a blow ofa loaded stick which broke his skull . He lived but two hours after receiving the blow . An inquest was held , when a verdict of wilful murder was returned against , some person _unknown . Gibbons had some dispute with some persons at the last fair of Ballyhane , and they got him set on by tea murderer . The ruffian lay near a wall until he saw his victim .

      ¦¦¦¦: ,- Rcohiin«<Tf^ . • Yorkshire-Yv^M...

      _¦¦¦¦ : ,- _rcoHiin «< tf _^ . _Yorkshire-YV _^ Mvc _^ siitute rather _vseareln . ig _* , _nflj" _? _Hr _?^ £ of the potatoecrop _: in ' tbisp _^ t . oMh e West _™ 12 _f YorUirV ; _'Jand thbti _^ h tliafe in quiry is _at-P-taent incomplete , ' we are _sorry-tiTsay ¦• that _, _* as tar ; _as > nam proceeded , it leads toi - a result less favourable than we had anticipated . In _Wny 1 ? _lMesreYeirapo _^ dr } _«™ tt sound land , ' the iiifmberbf infected ' pOfatoeS atoounts to at- least 20 per cent ; of the -whole crop _. -anil , in some low and damp situations _^ toamuctoaarcer proportion . = -We are still ? pursuing _bi _^ _M _^ _Pf ' antt shall not fail to _reporfiKeirlrwulSiMM _^ - time _, we may state , tliatiM . W t _^' Qt ' _^^^ _m _^ _?' for the weigh-of _* 48 ibs ; - _) vhaB * _-W _^ -11 market considerably this year _,- _* on a : coJnp _»^ P _^ D tbe last , the relative proBbrtrwns ; beiniT . laat * £ ftr _, as .,

      this year ls . 3 d . As an . indication . ' of _ithfiiapprehension tbat is entertained , thata _1 _» r _» : piM _*< _" _^* ne 3 _v " . ter _stock-of potatoes will not keep _tul ; the -approaching spring , it may be * nientioned : thafr . - * pi 8 ny : samples are offered in ; the Leeds market' at 6 d _;! : or _^ _fdwa * i _* veigh , which ivould last year , have _srid _. _afeJflft _/« _8 iifi » - _^* Mercury . ¦ . _, 7 . *> , _* . 7 j ! vr _fini . _'/ _ftpffi 7 : 7 Tub Isle of Mas— Sev _6 ral ' < savg _^ _1 _*^ _3 tatoes , which have _licen shipped at _^ he _* _we _^ # _wah : fpr Liverpool , have become _somuch'disftJfewtHfl & tthey are unsaleable , and , conse ' qufeh tly , _rffiWb ' - , tc (« the . exporters . ' ... ' _jir- _Ic S l « itlS ! _KlH * 3 l : J ;\ 7 * Dusdee . —A Dundee vessel ' _'MdeVf * _-ft _* itli * pptatoe « , took refuge in the Tyne a _fewCda * _-8-- » 8 b '; _' 5 Snd bar cargo , on examination , was _jfouhtotoiWiiVorthless , _w" _» i _3 _t _v _»» _vo-Mi-wtii-Hvavij ) mho _. lUHMWrlViVWuw" • ,,,, _^* r '

      owing to the rot . The whole _i , o / tbe _^ _pfttfttoijis were thrown out , and destroyed . : Thes _^ vnfflfitte _. _j authoritieshave also condemned _. tqi _. des _^ _rHCtioffcMnsiderable quantites exposed for _saleIi--ktliQ « iBMks _&^ 7 Walks . —The _Carnar- ; on 7 iB ) _' _^ _-0 f . Sa _| iU'dayla 8 t , in noticing the disease in thk * pptej _^ j _' .. croD ji _s _*??* "We sincerely regret to s _^ e _^^ O | B _^ 6 _^ t | erious complaints liave reached U 3 . Jtfpm £ J _^ i , _wfaMs over which we range , and . our _oM _^ M _^ fi _^ _wseMatmi-a _- in the various counties of _^ g _^^ _wej . i _^ _Jnstiiy : the statements that have been _sfchf _$ _? . '¦ _¦? ' ¦ '" .... ;•? _" ' } - . NoTTisonAiisiiiuE . —For ' mi _! el _^( 6 _unljNq tV * _5 B ' _*' _* » not a single acre has escaped _^ e 7 _* pptato _?; 8 i 5 e & e , and the crops of some portions ' -b _^' cl _^^ _J'P _^' _S _'"^ _^ be made use of in any way , _ovMJtt'itatyjnce . _'' _. ' _*! ¦ * / ... . . . " . " ' ' ., _IRELANDirv _^ _S _^ ¦ . ' Dublin . —Nov . 4 . —The Freeman ' s JourA _^ hf this day publishes accounts _fr ° _^| Ji _^ £ 2 _S _^^ i _2 _fc _5 "' _- _*' * _Kildare . Roscommon . _Sli'la _^^ R _^^ _mClffiffitW _^^" ¦ ' - '

      all of a cheerless ' description , and ' quite unanimous in the opinion that the epidemic or distemper in the potatoe crop is general in tliose'districts . A letter from Mayo states that while Lord Kilm ' aiiieis forgiving his tenantry a year ' s rent , other landlords in the neighbourhood of Ballinrobe " are rigorously exacting their rents , not even granting the customary delay for the advantage of improving markets , lest the proceedings of the authorities , or the generosity of gentlemen like Lord Kilmaine , should compel or shame them into humanity . " One of the most remarkable features in the provincial accounts is , the exhibition ' ofthe disease in a new form in tho county of Cork . It is thus described by the Cork _Repox-tcr : —

      " One species of the tuber has a mere cutaneous attack , another is honey-combed , and another is full of . dark rings , one within the other . But we saw yesterday , for the first time , a tuber iu which neither of tliese indications could be traced , but wliich was still unsound and worthless . It was part of the crop of Mr . Delay , of this city , and was grown at Ballyvolane . The external part was wholly free from the infection . A shell was left wliite end pure , but the very heart was black and fetid , and it was only , when it was cut that the existence of the injury could be perceived . We had an opportunity of seeing how

      rapidly the infection completes thc destruction of the root ; or rather , how quickly this peculiar kind . of rot devours all that is sound and good in the potatoe . In the course of three ' or four hours , and _cvei-j after cutting away the black bad heart , the two divisions of the root showed signs of decomposition . They lirst aD- * . * 4 mo < l •* ocvVlo _mi-piil _* - _!)* tinirp . the colour , by degrees , grew deep , at the end of the time we state , the rot had made decided progress , and , nliib we write , we are certain it has spread like a gangrene through the entire . W c are really alarmed by this new phase of the distemper . If it be general , no calculation is safe . "

      " A medical friend lias forwarded us the following letter , on which he remarks— "ihe enclosed is . f ' roin a source you may rely on . The glow-worm tribe are not natives ofthis country , which makes the matter the more curious . Possibly there may be an importation of a new tribe of insects , and the fact is well deserving of attention . Grange is within four miles of Balbriggan : '— . . . "Grange , Nov . 2 , _1 S 45 . "I take this opportunity of letting you know something of the potatoe rot in this , locality . - The rot is universal , and I think is caused by a " very small maggot . I went out last night , ao eleven o ' clock , to the land , with a spade , aud dug potatoes

      in several places , and , to my great surprise , I iound the clay spangled with sparks of tire , very l > riU ) ant , and about the size of the head of a small pin . I found it , on bringing it to the light , to be an exceedingly small white worm , with several legs , ' in fact , a sort of glow-worm . Itwas attached , in many cases , to the potatoe . I found it in great numbers , in all kinds of land , I mean grass land , ifcc , but not in land freshly limed . I found italso in potatoes which I bad housed in the evening , which were damp , but not in any that were quite dry , whioh I am not surprised , at , as all died on my hand , and lost the glow as soon as they got dry . Kill those ( if you can ) and you put an end to the rot . ' '

      . Landlords And Tenants—Tyrants Turning ...

      . LANDLORDS AND TENANTS—TYRANTS TURNING TENANTS OUT . . We are indebted to our excellent friend , Patrick O'lliggins , for the following-Land Catechism / and we cannot avoid giving the concluding paragraph ot his letter . It is so intirely in unison with our own opinions and feelings : — . .. ¦ .. _" " Tyrant landlords , and base , cruel , and brutal rack-renters , have reduced thepeople to this state . But God has blessed the land by cursing the potatoe , and blessed be God for this great boon . ¦ • " Patrick _O'IIusgims . " Q , uestion . —Has a landlord the right to turn a tenant out of his holding or farm ? Answer . —He has , when the land is let on fair , and reasonable terms , and the tenant neglects his farm , or does not pay the rent .. Question . —Has the landlord the right to turn out the tenant without first paying him in full for all his outlay in building , reclaiming , manuring , enclosing , draining . & c . _dsc . ?

      Answer . —No : the landlord has no such right , lt would be robbing the tenant to take the haul from him without first having paid him the fullvalneef these improvements , and also compensation for the cost and loss incurred by removing to another place , even to a settlement in America , if he choose to go there . Because , when a tenant is deprived of his land , whether by the cupidity , whim , or tyranny of his landlord , he has nothing to live on , and consequently becomes either a burthen to society , or he , his wife and children , die of want , which is too often the ease ; and , therefore , thc landlord is to all intents and purposes guilty of causing thc death of unoffending men , women , and children . : , Question . —When , a tenant increases the value of the Jand , by reclaiming , building , enclosing , manuring , draining , & c ., has the landlord a right to cliarge the tenant a higher rent on the expiration of the lease , in consequence of the increased value of the land by the labour bestowed upon it by the tenant ? '

      Answer , —No , most certainly not . * because the increased value of the land was caused entirely and exclusively by the labour , toil , care skill , industry , and outlay of the tenant , and not by any act or tiling done to the land by the landlord ; therefore , he wh _» charges an increased rent robs the tenant of the reward of his labour . And it is writter that such conduct cries to Heaven for vengeanee ! Question . —What would be said of the * rnan who would give a rough Mock of mahogany to a Cabinetmaker to make a chest of drawers , and when-he had made them , the owner of the block charged him for making them instead of paying him ? Answer . —The owner ofthe block would be called a rogue , and the cabinet-maker could make him pay . Question . —What is the difference between the conduct of the landlord who charges an additional rent ,

      mostly double the amount , to a tenant for rough land which he has reclaimed and made fair and fruitful , and the man who charged the cabinet-maker for making the drawers , instead of paying him ? Answer . —The conduct ofthe landlord is worse hy far than that of the owner of the block ; because the poor tenant cannot go to law with his landlord ; - _'he must either submit to the fraud or be turned out and die . He cannot carry the land with him . It is stationary ; there it remains . The eabinet-makor can carry his trade and * hiB tools with him any where and can also keep the ctcst of drawer * till he is paid ! Landlords , kneel down , and pray to God to fill your hearts with a sense of justice . ' Ask of Him" to inspire you with the feeling and desire to "do unto S ? E _«„ fl _£ UngW , Ml _ty _^ _nte _. and how Moses slew _SSfiSaS- _* ° TTEN _watc _^^ iIS A Landlord who loves Justice ;

      Whalss. —On Tuesday Last, .130 " .-Whale...

      Whalss . —On Tuesday last , . 130 " .-whales ' were caught at Sandwich parish , ( _Zetlarid ) , and were _sdld next . day at excellent prices . _^ _ABojjkei- 'lot of 8 D " wa « captured at Spriggi _, in the , parish ; of . Dunros 8 ne 8 sVoft _inursday last , and on the ; _followif _lg- _' . da _^ about " - _& 0 were slaih 7 at Bigtown . . Several coursing round _er sea-girt isl night a largei body came in at karbou r > but the , water being _s _« uld _We & cted :

      1 %L '' -^ V-Vy Is L !*Vi

      1 % l '' - _^ _v-vy _is l _!* _vi

      /Thousands Are. ' Now ^-Uir- Oiiisatur&T...

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 8, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_08111845/page/1/