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- oW « sfteuay andnoVs-ftefcoTjr, Seethe-front of battle lour «^e approach proud Arthur's power, "" irihur, chains, and slavery.
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V ' ' ' I ' ' '' ' - - ' s ~ - -^ ^._j -...
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fo THE IMPERIAL CHAUTISTS. Be MTEd Fbtes...
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'X M In J- " ~ *SB ^^— " * imAe!mil, i i...
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THE LAND. TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST...
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Death from Hydhophobia.—On Wednesday a p...
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' / '£$i -<iU-4'..'?H . ' ¦ •¦ .. - ¦ ¦ ...
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jfarefgn Ettteiiigeme*
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' . '" ' ' FRANCE. The dissolution.of th...
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FOREIGN MISCELLANY. Death op the Bishop ...
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THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE. [From the Tyne Merc...
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FlRE on CMRKENTfELL GhEEM —Oil W^n^A,,, ...
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^^ in ter; : ':. .V';' h-^l m ;;?d: ';•¦...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
- Ow « Sfteuay Andnovs-Ftefcotjr, Seethe-Front Of Battle Lour «^E Approach Proud Arthur's Power, "" Irihur, Chains, And Slavery.
_- _« sfteuay _andnoVs-ftefcoTjr , Seethe-front of battle lour _«^ _e approach proud Arthur ' s power , "" irihur , chains , and slavery .
V ' ' ' I ' ' '' ' - - ' S ~ - -^ ^._J -...
~ V - - _^ ' _^ . __ _j - ¦ - _¦¦ _- ' ¦ _- -: ¦>¦ ' -- ¦ - _^^ _-- .... _^ _^ I _^ _^ ' _lJS _^ ' _^^ _- _' ' _' _11 , 1 - _!¦* ¦ ¦ ' _y—^^ - _^ ' . : _"" _V- ; r _? _ffi' « _a- _^ . _;^^ :: _^ : : _' ; _lv : ! ¦ ' _^ _n : _- _';^ ; T _::- _- _* ' : _* : ; ' ' '• "' » i _^ _v-viOT _* . "; - 3- AND NATIONAL : _TEafife : 3 iiiSAL . : _^
Fo The Imperial Chautists. Be Mted Fbtes...
fo THE IMPERIAL CHAUTISTS . Be MTEd _Fbtesbs , _—Itisaow sometime since _Posit ion justified me in addressing you by your po-V _^ j rame , _n ° r should Inow resume it , after three _^ a sana ahalfvery culpable apathy , tad ! not disered to my entire satisfaction , durim _? last week ' s " nm in Lancashire , that the principle but slept * _% there was a foe in the field worthy of its _antago-^ L _n . _itwnotlongsmcetheWlHgpressventciredto _'Sphere Chartism , was now ? So * was I long In behalfthat would J- * e
r _^ _ondingf on yonr , I speedily let _jnein know . I am now in a situation to do so . I _jave visited the head quarters , and many of the _outposts oi Chartism . I have had commnnication from _^ _jjnost every garrison in the kingdom , and I proclaim jo the world , that Chartism box oslt lives , but is _nepared once more to fight the battle of freedom . « t is not so long since a miscalculating Attorneygeneral boasted that he had killed Chartism , nor _wa 3 it long before Gtaxtasm killed his party and buried it in that grave which he had prepared for ns .
I have often told faction that the rock npon which _"SvTuggery split was the vain endeavour to conceal public opinion by withholding any mention of our _jjjme , our principles , or our triumphs , from the world . They treated us as a new sect not looking for eauality , or even toleration , but as if we merely struggled for such , notoriety as the law condescended io extend to ns . The old party who thus treated us is now in the field once more looking for political power , and the subject upon which I address you is Jo ask , if , after having routed , defeated , and destroyed them , they shall now walk into office as if in reality we had ceased to exist ; or shall we not rather give
themto understand that there are other parties besides ihe League , other principles besides free trade , to be taken into account , before we consent to a restoration ef tiie "Whigs to power . However , there are some questions for the country to answer before those _wtomjou have appointed to conductyour movement can bein a situationto decide . We have called a representation of all the towns in North and South Lancashire , Yorkshire , _Nottingham , Leicester , . Derby , _Norwich , Birmingham , and London , to meet at Manchester , on _Monday next , and there to delibe rate as to onr future policy and course . Let every town then answer the following questions through its
delegate : —Are you still resolved upon remaining a forty distinct pom all others in name and principles ? Js your motto still" Onward and we conquer , bachvard and we fall . "— " The People ' s Cliarter and no _surrender ? " " Better to die a freeman than live a slave . " ** We will abandon our principles only with our lives . " » We uill die or conguer . " * ' The land is our inheritance" "The Charter is our birthright . " "United _i-c stand , divided we fall . " " A fair day's wage for a fair day's work . " " The Charter is our right , and M vM have it . " Let those questions be answered by all . And if your resolution i 3 fixed and firm , let ns understand if we ere all prepared , once more , to brave the _otjsgeon or the ibasspokt , in honour of
0 _* CB PBrSClPLES . "Whether , if necessary , yon a * e once more prepared to light the siixst -moxitoe ( the torch ) , not to burn _, as our foul-monthed enemies charged ns , not to destroy property , bni to light ns at that only hour allowed for onr gathering by the system , to talk over our grievances and our mode of redressing
» nem . Brother Chartists , I am the same , the vert same that I ever was . I am ready to face the dock , the dangeon , or the scaffold , rather than abandon my principles , or forfeit my right to advance them . 1 have gained experience from the past , which may better enable me to protect yon against the law ' s quirks and quibbles , but if I lived till every hair of ay head was grey , I should never learn to lisp the word " surrexbeb . " If any man in my situation of life could be justified in abandoning a cause which has been so lukewarmly supported by those for whose benefit its advecates have suffered so much , I am that
max ; and by this appeal to you I prove that I know you better than your enemies know you . That in yoar some-time apathy I do not recognise the abandonment of your principles , but , on the contrary , I believe that there are ten Chartists now , ten real Chartists , for every one Chartist that was in existence in the days of Chartist froth . We have since then weeded the field , we have winsowed the -chaff from the corn , and the millions have more confidence than ever they had in the leaders that have remained _stedfest and firm . When Sir Robert'Peel proclaimed bis tariff in 1841 , "I then announced that it was a measure so wise , so
grasping , so luminous , just , comprehensive , and statesmanlike , that I doubted if the first Chartist Parliament would have ventured upon so sweeping a proposition . Trom that moment to the present every single act of Peel ' s has gone to establish his belief in the necessity of those changes that we sought to effect . His career for the last five years , let scribblers , moTmtebanks , and factions vfritc , and ridicule , and denounce as they may , ha 3 been , when all the circumstances of ihe case are considered , the most brilliant , the most astounding , the most daring , and statesmanlike , of whieh the annals of the country bear record , and his resignation at this moment is the most terrible blow this country has
experienced for many years . We are not only to consider the gigantic changes he has effected , hut wemu 3 t also bear in -mind the strength of the faction from-whom he has extorted them . Biswas indeed a strong government ; and _yet when dirty work was to be done , when a Masters' and Servants' Bill _was-to be carried , we never _SndPe-fi defilmg himself with pitch , or lending Ms strength-to the purposes of faction . In such eases he _haseenfined thestruggle to the refuse of-his party , and ihe-strength of public opinion . How-easily he might have carried the Masters' and Servants' Bill , if he had consented to lend it his aid . No ; even in the height of the revolution of 1842 , he allowed Graham tc state what was the power of the poliee , but
Peel would not confer that power upon them-by law . True , the middle elasses made Aim _prosecute-us , but he gave us a just judge , a mild , an honourable , and humane Attorney-General and I speak from authority _when-Iassert , thathe gloried in our delivery . Not so theWhigs . They followed us with abloodthirsty -vengeance . They refused all onr appeals for an act of ample justice to Fjost and our . other friends ; ± hey gave us no quarter , except what our own eousage forced from them . -And yet I am ready to forget and forgive the past , in ihe hope that _^ their future conduct will prove sorrow for the past , and will be altered in future . But this I am resolved apon , that-they shall acknowledge ns as a parly , admit our strength , and concede our just demands .
I do not mean that any cabinet , formed out of the present turmoil , will concede onr Charter ; but _I-do mean that they-shall confer upon us the legal legitimate means of achieving it for ourselves . Hook to another election as the ground work of those means . ; and I look to the proper exercise of the power we shall then achieve to accomplish our object . Formy--self , I cannot see the possibility of forming a cabinet oat of _thembhiflh that we are told Lord John Russell bas gathered together for the purpose . New blood , fresh blood , vigorous -blood , Peel ' s blood , and the _democratieolooaCmustheinfused before anything permanent , or representative of the pr < sent mind , can be
established . Hitherto Ihe Whigs have been thelegis-3 _ative , playthingof the people . We have been able to snap them in pieces by our own single strength . We do _sot want such a government ; we want a government with some stability in it ; a government _tbatwflleoncede what is right te the growing mind of the age , and not a plaything for the amusement of children . We want a government , in the words of Lord _JchaKmseii _, that Will _ooncede " ah . _prcsest _axd cAraocs coxcessioss , " and no more ; but we require fiul latitude for the public mind to declare and dec ide what those " pbcbest asd cautious conces-« oxs" are to be ; and we require a government to Surrend er itsowa capricetothis national judgment .
It is for yon , then , to say whether or no you are satisfied to be slaves , or whether you are determined t be freemen . Yon will read , mark , learn , and in ¦ warily digest every sentence ofthe Executive ' s mes _sage _, and you will te prepared to say , _through your representatives , whether you are prepared to carry ont the policy recommended in that message . By ihe duty { hat you owe to yoursely . es and your families ,
Fo The Imperial Chautists. Be Mted Fbtes...
by the allegiance you owe your country , by your bond to those whose rights you are bound to defend though yet unborn , 6 y pour _uoZour as Englishmen , ly your sufferings as Chartists , by your duty as Christians , by your pride as f reemen , by your love as fathers , by your duty as husbands , by all that is dear , by all that is sacred , by aU that is just , I invoke you to buckle on your armour for the good fight . It will be a moral fighta glorious fight—and a valuable triumph . It is the battle of right against might , of _lmowledge ' against bigotry and _intolerance , of justice against injustice , of liberty against oppression and misrule . Are _iob READY FOR SUCn A STRUGGLE ? If SO , SAT SO _] and none will be found more ready to do one man ' s part than
Your faithful friend And unpurchaseable servant , Feargus O'Connor
'X M In J- " ~ *Sb ^^— " * Imae!Mil, I I...
" ~ * SB _^^— " * _imAe ! mil , i i _———»^ VOL . X . NO . 423 . ¦ _* LONDON , SATURDAY ' _DECliffl _™^> Sp 5 _TO _$ _M * ) Ul 1 ) uj . ii _\ jj . _t ± _jjxx , ¦ - _" _- _" _^ _-yssPsfe _M _^ f ;/ .- _- _^^' -. _. rr _.:: ¦ ¦¦ . lire _IhiUinp inid : g'h _^ incc . pei , « iiiurier . .... I — ¦ _¦ ¦¦¦¦¦¦ _^ ________________________ —— - — -- — -, ' ; ________ _*/" - " " " ** ' - ' *• _' - ' * ~' ' ' * ' - * " ' - - - - _• - ¦ — _•••**• - _^ - --
The Land. To The Members Of The Chartist...
THE LAND . TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . Mr Friends , —In my desire to place your association upon a stable and permanent footing , you will not expect me to forget those principles which would make your association national . The land is what I aim at , the Charter is the means by which I seek to achieve it . I shall now , however , confine myself to the social branch of the subject—thejand . You will read , in this week ' s Star , the conclusion of our deliberations in conference , and now it is my duty to comment briefly upon the proceedings—not upon the changes made in the Rules—for , actually , there were none , except in such details as would confer upon yon the entire benefits presented in the original _Rules nf tha association .
My Friends , you may well imagine what my suspense was , what my fears were , and the anticipations , to wheih my too sanguine mind had given birth . 1 confess that the Dewsbury resolutions made me tremble for the safety of my child . Otherwise , I donbt whether I should have left a sick-bed to have perilled my life in its defence . However , no man is more satisfied to do justice than I am ; and I am now proud to say , that it appeared to be the desire of the
conference to co-operate withmeto secure the triumph of the principle . I shall now briefly sketch for you the main features of the week's work . Hereafter I shall select each important branch for a separate letter , showing you the advantage of every alteration that was made . It would have been utterly impossible , long as the hours of sitting were , to give you a faithful report of what was done ; however , that which appears in this week ' s paper will be verbatim , as there was more time for its arrangement .
The first question to which 1 shall call your attention is the Enrolment , and so indispensable is that _, that I now tell you boldly that it shall be enrolled , though we were obliged to give it the title ofthe hell-born devil . The enrolment is for you and not for me ; if I wanted to rob you I would have stuck np for the introduction of your principles , your objects , your means of carrying them out , and then 1 might have tickled your excitable enthusiasm by telling you that the law refused its protection , and asking you what I should Do with the money in
has © . The great hitch in every association is the difficulty of having the monies applied to the legitimate purpose . When the project is ripe for action , then there is some conscientious demur amongst the conscientious irusieesanddireclors , asto whether they can legally and honourably apply the funds to such a purpose . Now I shall say no more about enrolment further than that it shall be enrolled , and with the name if possible ; if not , I will take all the reponsibilrry npon my own shoulders , and I honour the men who had the bravery to contend fov enrolment under any circumstance .
The next question is , the payment of 5 s . a-year , by those who shall receive the £ 15 , until the last member is located . This is so just , and such a necessary link between those who are located and those who are not located , that it requires no comment . The man who is located first will thus feel that he is not discharged from the obligations of brotherhood until every man is located , while those who pay but sixpence and threepence a-week will have the advantage of the measure .
The next subject , and the one ofthe greatest importance is the application of the £ 15 to its legitimate purposes , namely , to the cultivation of the soil . Now , I will state for you precisely what the effect of this measure will be . It will not keep any man a single day from the occupation of his tenement . Before the foundation stone of the house is kid , every man will know his own allotment , and no man could occupy his house or leave his labour until the house was built . Say then , that it takes two months to erect the houses ; thus , two months labour , of the most judicious labour , will have been expended upon the allotment , . and when the occupant takes
possession he will find himself ia a garden instead of a wilderness , while the value of the thing to be mortgaged will be brought two months earlier to maturity , and thus a greater impetus will be given to the society . It is to be distinctly understood that the directors will allow all that are capable to undertake this preliminary work themselves , while it is also to be -understood , that the wish of every occupant will be religiously adhered to in the management of his little estate ; and believe me , they'll be all there en Sunday , by moonlight on Saturday , and at sun rise on Monday morning , even if they have to run to and from their work .
My friends , we are fostering parents , not cruel taskmasters . Now , by this wise provision of James Leach ' s , we will be able to go on with our operations with an exactly doubled speed . We will be able to do in two months what otherwise it would have taken us exactly four months to do—two months to build and air the houses , and two months to cultivate the ground , instead of doing both at one and the same time . So that without this we would have lost one half of the season , and hazarded the success of the association , by allowing anskilled persons to damn the project _throughriheir own disappointment . Now
I will show you the working of this plan . The allotments are assigned—the foundations are laid , each man knows his own plot . The directors instantly set to work , as the stewards of the association , and the servants of those particular oecupants . I will presume the wages of an agricultural labourer to he 12 s . Cd . a-week , and that the entire labour of a man is applied to a two acre farm for two monthsthai is £ 5 . Seed I over-estimate at £ 1 ; thus £ d of the £ 15 will have been expended ,- and £ 9 will re . main . With that £ 9 I propose that every man shall buy a two year old heifer , whieh he will get good for £ 5 . I will tell him the breed hereafter , and where to get her for less . That makes £ 11 . He will
give £ 1 for a pig . He will then have £ 3 to live upon until tha crops , which have been two months planted , begin to supply him , and if he requires more money for his support , or even improvements , the bank of loan will furnish him with it ; and , mind , we shall have a capital for that purpose of £ 1 , 000 or upward ? , by the time possession is taken of the first allotment . Those who can buy a cow , of course will bay a cow for immediate use ; and one of the principal duties of the directors will be to lay out ever man's allotment according to the mode of life he intends to pursue , whether for grain , garden stuff , or a mixture . The moment the houses are occupied , and the altered state of the land is seen , that moment we should be enabled to get nearly as much
The Land. To The Members Of The Chartist...
upon mortgage as we could realize by sale , arid every year it will be improving . But I won't say a word about -rale now , as 1 feel as firmly convinced , as I am of my own existence , that Leach ' s two proposition will be the means of putting every man in possession of his land for ever , without rent . It wil lbe a very beautiful thing to see a hundred agricultural labourers working for a hundred operatives , at 5 s . 6 d ; a-week more than the Dorsetshire landlords give them .
Ihe next question is the amount of rent to be paid , which , of course , will be according to the value ofthe land purchased . In my letters to the Irish Landlords , in my work on Small Farms , in every letter that I have written to you , I have distinctly told you that I would rather pay £ 5 an acre for land worth only £ i an acre , than pay 30 s . an acre for land worth £ 2 . an acre . No one supposed that he was to have two acres of land that cost £ 50 an acre , a house , and £ 15 , for £ 3 a-year . Np , one supposed that we could purchase every estate that we bought at the rate of exactly £ 18 15 s . an acre- ? but everybody knew that some
scale was necessary ; and we laid down a scale that even a fool may understand—that scale is , that a man shall pay £ 5 a-year for two acres of land that cost £ 1815 s . an acre , a house that costs £ 30 , and £ 15 capital ; and if the land cost £ 2 S 15 s . an acre , the tenement _will hare cost , the society ., £ 20 more , ' . ana the occupant will pay 5 per cent , for the additiona l £ 20 , or £ G for the tenement . If it costs £ 40 more , he'll pay £ 7 ; and if it costs £ 100 more , he will pay £ 10 ; and the man who pays £ 10 will be better off than the man who pays £ i 10 s ., as , of course , some estates will be purchased at less than £ 1815 s ., and then the rent will be less than £ 5 a-year .
If the society gives £ C 0 for land , they will go on faster than if they gave £ 18 15 s . ; a good thing is always more saleable in the market . Again , if the s ociety expends £ 50 upon a house instead of £ 30 , the tenant will pay £ 6 instead of £ 5 , or 5 per cent , upon the additional £ 20 . So much for the scale of rent ; and now let no booby presume to misunderstand it . The next subject to which I shall direct your
attention is the division of the country into districts . We have divided them into five . I wish we had divided them into twenty , for our object is to deck the face of tlie earth witli as many model farms as possible—to open as many free labour markets as practicable—and , depend upon it , that land bought in a district now , where the plan was never heard of , would very speedily furnish a sufficient number of paid-up members to populate it .
The next question to which I shall advert is the mode , of selecting occupants , and nothing can be more fair , impartial , or satisfactory . If a thousand shareholders have paid up , or any other number , when the ballot takes place , the thousand tickets will be numbered from one to a thousand : If a hundred are to be located , those who draw from number one to a hundred will be entitled to the prizes , and according to priority of numbers , that is , No . 1 will have the first , they will have their choice of allotments . Suppose No . 5 , No . 7 , and No . 9 would not wish to remove to the district where the land had
been purchased , then No . 101 , 102 , and 103 would take their places , or the rotation would go on until they were filled up , those who rejected the allotment waiting for a more suitable opportunity of locating themselves . Nothing can be more simple than this . The next question is the Bank of Loan and Insurance Company . These are so crowning and so essential , that I shall only say of them , if I ever had a doubt of success , which I never had , the adoption pf those two auxiliaries would at once have removed it . If a man loses his pig or cow , ov if his house is burned , he'll have another house , another cow , and
another pig ; and I also hope to see a benefit society established amongst the members of each district in case of sickness , though I don't anticipate the presence ofa doctor in any one of them . As io the question of a penny & month , three farthings a month , and a halfpenny a month levy , I don't condescend to mention it . It ' s a nothing . It is a shilling , ninepence , and sixpence a-year . Two pots of ale , a pot and a half of ale , and a pot of ale a year ; As to the localities defraying their own expenses , it wisely originated in Glasgow ; and if it wasn't made general , ten secretaries would not do the work in a
very short time . It ' s a division of labour ; and if the shareholders pay it in meal they have it in malt , and they won't see it in the secretaries' list of expenses . As to the thirty-five shillings a-week to the directors , it is too little ; but I did not wish to swim until I found that I had water enough to keep me np ; if we hadn ' t directors , and good directors toojust _^ the very men we have—we should have no association at all . But , thank God , the four honest working men possess the undivided confidence of their order . When I tell you that I have now been working , without cessation , since nine o'clock this morning , and that it is now near ten at night , yon will think that itis time to say " good night , " but
before I say " good night , " I ask you to picture to yourselves what an England it will be the day a hundred freemen shall take possession of their hundred farms ; and what a procession we'll have , and what a dinner we'll have , and what a tent we'll have , and what music we'll have , and what dancing we'll have , and what speechifying we ' ll have ; but no drink , speed the spade in milk , if you please , but no drunkenness ; and what a laugh we'll have at the crotchet-mongers , and what a triumph we ' ll have over the monopolists . And that triumph 1 promise you before the 15 th of May next . Now then , "good night . " Ever your faithful friend _^ Feahgus O'Connor .
Death From Hydhophobia.—On Wednesday A P...
Death from _Hydhophobia . —On Wednesday a poor woman named Mary Garrett , aged CO years , residing in Kezars-lane , in this town , died from the effects of the above dreadful and fatal malady . About six months since the deceased was made a present of a young pup by one of her neighbours ; after haying it a few days in her possession it refused to eat , whereupon the poor woman brought into it the dam , in hopes by that means it might be induced to partakeof food ; and while in ihe act of offering it something to eat , the dam bit one of her fingers . Time
rolled on , and no further notice was taken of it , until the Friday night previous to her death , when she complamedto several of her neighbours that she was very much afilicted with a pain in the arm of the finger _^ upon which she had received the bite . However , it was not until the following evening that the first symptom of the horrifying disease made its appearance . It commenced by a violent shivering , and she continued in a dreadful state of agony until Wednesday morning , about five o ' clock , when death put an end to her sufferings—Waterford Chronicle .
Daring attempt to Murder at Dunmow . — On Tuesday afternoon Charles Horsnell , jun ., of Little Easton , spn of the park-keeper to Viscount Maynard , whilst watching the pa _^ k grounds and preserves in the avenue leading from Dunmow and Stortford turnpike-road to Easton Lodge mansion , observed a man about five feet eight inches in height , having on a black hat and velveteen jacket , standing in a game preserve where the pheasants are fed ; he immediately made towards him , and having advanced to within twenty yards of the stranger . Horsnell observed the
man pointi a gun & t him and fire . The scattering shot riddled his ( Horsnell ' s ) coat , through two boxes and a book in his pocket ; but the principal part of the _chargestruck a tree , knocking off the bark to the extent of six inches . Fortunately not a 9 hot entered Horsnell ' s person , owing to the pockets of his shootrag-jacket being full , which caused them > stick out from his side . As soon as he had recovered from the alarm he naturally felt , he pursued tbe stranger , and after running about twenty yards shot at him , but his gun missed fire , and the fellow escaped .
Mount _Iesdyics has for some time been sending forth large volumes , of smoke , accompanied occasionally by flames , and red-hot ashes , threateuurg aa eruption .
' / '£$I -<Iu-4'..'?H . ' ¦ •¦ .. - ¦ ¦ ...
' / ' _£$ i - < _iU-4 ' .. _'? H . ' ¦ •¦ .. - ¦ ¦ . _-, - .-. . ' .-: ;• . :. . _* i _* i ; . _*• .: _;;);* . ; : ' _'"¦¦ ¦;¦ _:. : ' . ' : _. '' . OF THE 7 ENGLISH OLIGARCHY . On Thursday , the 11 th of December _. ' consideiv able excitement prevailed in the neighbour--hood of Apsley House , in consequence of a rumour that the English Oligarchy had committed suicide . . Throughout the day . many relatives and friends ofthe deceased repaired to the scene of the mournful . occurrence to ascertain the facts of the case . By twelve o ' clock , however , the worst anticipations were confirmed by all the windows of the house being closed ,
together with the announcement , that although deeeased had died a natural death , the pubiie anxiety was about to be satisfied by holding an inquest upon the body . On the circumstances of the case being made known to the parish authorities , the necessary steps were taken for holding the inquest . Accordingly , T . Wakley , Esq ., M . P ., appointed Friday last ,. at twelve o ' clock , as the time for holding the inquest , and summonses were accordingly issued for the attendance of the jury at the Ckow . v public-house , Half Moon-street . By one o ' clock the jury had been sworn , and the . necessary arrangements made for the coroner and jury viewing the body of the _^ _leceased .
THE INQUEST . A considerable time elapsed before the return of tlie jury to the crown , in consequence of the awful stench that proceeded from the body , and the disinclination of many of the jury to undertake the task . At two o ' clock precisely the witnesses were in attendance , and the proceedings commenced with the examination of deceased ' s valet , which was as follows : —Had been in the service of the deceased for many years , during which time he had been more or less indisposed . He had observed a great alteration in the habits and manners of deceased since 1841 , and especially since the middle of August last . He frequently started in his sleep , and at intervals appeared considerably excited . By the Coroner : Used he to speak or mutter anything in his sleep , or during those moments of excitement ?
Answer : Yes , sir . Of _late I have observed that he muttered "the sliding scale ; " and , latterly , he has mentioned the words "free trade" and "Dr . Peel , " with great bitterness . By a Juror : Who attended deceased ? Answer : I did , sir . Juror : No ; I mean as his physician . Answer : Oh ! Dr . Peel , sir . By the Coroner : When did you last see deceased alive ? Answer : On Wednesday night , sir . What state was he in then ? Answer : Much as usual , sir ; but rather more excited , especially after Dr . Peel had left him . When did you lirst see the deceased dead ?
Answer : Yesterday morning , sir . His usual hour for rising was nine o ' clock , when he was in the habit of ringing his bell for hot water ; but not hearing the bell ring at eleven , I tapped several times at the door , and not receiving any answer , I opened the door , and upon drawing the curtains I saw the deceased lying upon his back with his lace quite black . By the Coroner : Had you any suspicion at anytime that deceased would commit suicide ? or have you any reason to suppose , now , thathe has done so ? - Answer : None whatever . The Coroner : The reason * I ask the question is because the appearance of the face presents strong symptoms of strangulation . Witness That may arise , sir , from the full habit of my late master . He always eat and drank voraciously .
: By a Juror : Had you , at any time , any reason to think that the deceased was subject to aberrations of mind .. . Answer : No , sir , none whatever . Dr . Peel was the next witness examined , and gave . his evidence as follows : —Had been the medical attendant of the deceased for ; many years , during which time he laboured under a complication of disorders , all tending to create considerable nervousness . Deceased was a person of very full habit , and though not subject to apoplectic fits had recently , especially since the latter end of August , manifested some symptoms which required a change in his medicine to prevent apoplexy . Wednesday night ,
at nine o'clock , was the last time he saw deceased alive , he offered him this alterative , but , upon tasting it , deceased fell into a violent passion , spit the medicine out , and declared he was poisoned , saying thatit was the same as that damned " Russell Purge" that he had taken once before , After a little persuasion deceased became , more calm , and was at . length prevailed upon to go to bed , but was very much excited , and heard no more of him until the melancholy tidings of his death was communicated yesterday morning . By the Coroner : Pray , Dr . Peel , how old do you suppose the deceased to . have been ? Answer : Oh ! God only knows ; he had the reputation , of being a second _Methuaaleh . His friends said he was as old as the hills .
.. _i-Ti-ay , may 1 ask what was the state of deceased ' s mind , and had you reason , at any time , to think he was not capable of transacting , . his business ? in short , thathe was not of sound mind ? Answer : For many years he has left the management of his affairs to me ; but I never savi any change in his mental faculties . The Coroner : You think , then , that ho was perfectly sane ? Answer : Why , I think he was as sane as ever he was to the last ; but my impression has always been , that deceased was born an idiot , and I invariably treated him as such . # Do you think that the alteration in the medicine you offered him the last night you saw him , and his disinclination to take it , was calculated to produce apoplexy , in the state of excitement m which you describe deceased to have been .
Answer : Yes ; I think that not at all unlikely : especially as deceased was of very gross habits , and remarkably obstinate . To what , then , would you attribute the immediate cause of his death ? Answer : Decidedly to apoplexy , arising from repletion , brought on by gross living , which led to impaired digestion , added to an unconquerable obstinacy . Have you seen the body of deceased ? and have you any reason to suppose , if you have made a post mortem examination , that the deceased died a natural death ? Answer ; That ' s not only my impression , but my conviction . The deceased died from the causes that I have described .
A Juror : Mr . Coroner , i think we have heard quite enough to enable us to give our verdict . The Coroner : Well , gentlemen of the jury , this is a case widely differing from those you are ordinarily called upon to decide in this parish : for the most part , the cases that have been brought before you are those where the deceased has died of want and starvation , whereas , in the present case , it appears from the evidence of tlie valet and of Dr . Peel , that the subject of the present inquiry died of apoplexy , brought on by over-eating , hi » h living , and disinclination to
take tiie necessary medicine . Gentlemen , from the peculiar old age of deceased , I think that you may naturally conclude that he had been attached to life ; and , therefore , you may discharge your minds of all notions of suicide while in a state of insanity , as , gentlemen , there is a great difference between idiotcy and insanity . However , gentlemen , I think , upon the whole , you have sufiicient grounds to return such a verdict as will , at one and the same time , satisfy the friends of the deceased and the public at large .
The room was then cleared , and the jury remained in consultation for about fifteen minutes , when they returned the following verdict : — " We find that the deceased died by the visitation of God , manifested in a blight on the 19 th of August last . "
FUNERAL OF THE ENGLISH OLIGARCHY . It being determined that the funeral of the _English Oligarchy should be as private as possible , four o ' clock on Wednesday morning last was appointed as the hour for this melancholy ceremony . Long before the hour , however , a number of the friends and relatives of the deceased had arrived at Mr . Cobden _' s , undertaker , _Fleet-street , where the body had been removed . _Shortly after four o ' clock the mournful procession was formed , and proceeded in ttt _9 following
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order to St . Pauls , where , by the will of the de ceased , his remains were to be interred . * ,. ' _,. - ¦ '' . ' PROCESSION . DUKES OP Richmond , Buckingham , Newcastle , Cleveland , Manchester , Buccleugh . Tenants at "Will of the Deceased , carrying flambeaux . _; Fifty-pound Tenants at Will , in scarfs and hat-bands ,
The coffin was covered with a magnificent pall of black velvet , upon wliich was emblazoned the arms and motto of the deceased , as follows : — THE BIBLE AND SWORD . And underneath—Fee , faw , fuRi , 1 smell the blood of an Englishman . CHIEF MOUR'SElt . Colonel Sibthorpe . Then follows a long and mournful train in the following order : —
Twelve Poor Law Commissioners , Two and Two . The Paupers of St . George ' s Parish , Two and Two . Six Mounted City Police . . The Carriage of Dr . Peel going home with his work . Upon arriving at St . Paul ' s the coffin was deposited in the choir , where the service was performed by the Bishop of London ; after which a pathetic sermon was preached by the chaplain ofthe deceased , from thefollowingtext— "Tliey who die by the sword are better than they who perish of hunger , for their bodies pine away , stricken through for want of the fruits of the field . "
Precisely at six o ' clock the remains of the deceased were deposited in the family vault , and the mournful procession returned to Apsley House , where they partook of an excellent breakfast .
Jfarefgn Ettteiiigeme*
_jfarefgn _Ettteiiigeme _*
' . '" ' ' France. The Dissolution.Of Th...
' . ' " ' ' FRANCE . The dissolution . of the Peel Ministry became known in Paris by express on Friday . Animmediate fall in all species of securities followed , of course , the knowledge of the fact . As the business of tue day proceeded the decline continued with every indication of further progress . The Paris papers of Saturday announced the " resignation , " The National , after a brief review of the subject , concludes by predicting that the change of Ministers in lingland will infallibly occasion a similar proceeding in France , Ibrahim Pacha , son of Mchemet Ali , has arrived in France . A letter from Perpignan , of the 8 th inst .,
describes him as more worn than advanced in age . His features , half concealed in thick mustachios and a long white beard , are handsome . He walks with difficulty , and it appears that his malady , although nearly cured , has left his mouth tender . He abstains from all spirituous liquors , and drinks wine diluted with water , The officers of his staff are not so abstemious . The French newspapers contain a notice of the death of Rouston , the Emperor Napoleon ' s . favourite Mameluke , who died on Sunday ( week ) , at Dourdan ( Seine-et-Oise ) _, where he had been living upon a small income of 5 , 000 f . to G , 000 f ., derived chiefly from the sale of the presents from Napoleon and his family .
SWITZFRLAND . A Lbiteb mom Lausanne , ofthe 11 th , says : — " It having been rumoured that the Conservatives would attempt on Sunday an attack against the government , arms were secretly brought from the arsenal of Mosges , and placed in several houses of the town . In the night a band of Radicals seized on the cannon destined for the exercise of the college . A sharp struggle ensued , and several persons were wounded . In the morning the place was covered with blood . " Dr . Casimir _Pfvpper has written a lengthy letter to the Morning Chronicle , rebutting the charges ol his enemies as to his complicity in the assassination of M . Leu , and deseribingthe unjust and cruel treatment he has endured at the hands of his persecutors .
GERMANY . Rumoured _CoNSPiRacy in Prussia . —Berlin , Dec . 6 —For some days past strange stories have been in circulation of the discovery of conspiracies . They have most probably been occasioned by tbe certainly extraordinary audience which a private soldier has had of the King , and the revelations which he is said to have made to the King ofa secret which was suddenly entrusted him toby a person unknown . The soldier had been obliged to promise an oath to the stranger to communicate the secret to the King alone . The story is certainly founded on _faotai Tlie audience took place , and the King is said td _^ nave
appeared very thoughtful after it . As may be supposed , the most conflicting reports are in circulation respecting the secret disclosed by the soldier ; the most likely is , that it is connected with the fermentation in Posen , which spreads more and more , and has given occasion to the arrest of several persons . According to this account , a military plot among the numerous Poles in the Guards in this city was shortly to break out . The stranger is supposed to have been one ofthe conspirators , whose conscience troubled liim , and who desired to ease his heart without directly becoming an informer . —Relatarcfero . ( Ilainburgpaper . )
ALGERIA . Tlie following are some new details respecting Col . St . Arnaud ' s last expedition , contained in a letter from one ofthe officers , dated Nov . 25 : — " We have killed G 93 persons , taken 2 , 000 head of cattle destroyed the Rebta and the Beni-Madoun , and made razzia on the Hemnis . We set out again this evening to attack the population between Tisi-Salai , Rissa , and Tifiltitis . Unfortunately these successes lead to no results . The emigration of the western tribe continues . This emigration prepares for usanonoceupation of land , wliich we shall feel severely as long as we shall not be able to fill it up by European colonists , and before thinking of establishing them , we must secure their personal safety ; otherwise the villages and centres of population are only sources Of _emban-asment , for , in order to protect them , numerous posts must be left , which reduce our columns materially and melt them away as we advance .
THE UNITED STATES . The Britannia , Royal Mail Steamer , arrived on Tuesday morning , bringing New York papers to the 30 th November . The Oregon Question still continued to be the great subject of discussion . Mr . Packenham , the British Ambassador , and Sir George Simpson , the Governor of the Hudson ' s Bay Settlements , kept up an active communication with the Government , but nothing certain had transpired as to the nature ot President Polk ' s Message , or the intentions of the American Government . The President ' s " Message " is expected to reach Liverpool by the 21 st inst .
The Anti-Renters . —Commutation op Sentence . —The governor of New York State hag issued a proclamation , commuting the senteneei of death passed on Van Steenburgh _andO'Connorfortheanti-rent _riota and murder of Steele , the sheriff , to imprisonment for life . It is a lengthy document , occupying
' . '" ' ' France. The Dissolution.Of Th...
three _^ _lumTUr _^^^^^ was issued _thejdaxbeferj _^ . executions _Be have Accounts _# o _$ _&< -aico , _^ racter / . _thesaumra _rCT _^^ to _spareiionceTtheir dollars _andthett _. _^ _toMth _.,, _^ of _whMwould , incase of 6 « _pti _» n # _. _ftfiS _^ _gT « -n bours , be lost to them ; _J The _^ Mexican _zgormW _^_ _ho-. r now desires to have a boundary , . defined _,, to _acKmjwledgfe ' Texas ' as on _« of _the-UditeoV States , afid ; _tq ; con ;_ f tinueon the best _ternispossiblewith ' the'sisterrepu »> lie : _GeneralsTaredes and Arista , " who tqgether'aold
tho reihs of government at Mesibd , are D 6 th laYOur- _^ u able _toithe : treaty , . and ; ha _4-i _^ ued . ; _av-Br _^! _damto _& T that they would suppress any opposition . that might , „ be made to it . ; ¦ ' _¦^ - ¦ _' _:-:: r _^^^ ;< _- _''' r _T ' _-: _^ i _^ _¥ _^ A The liJatadvices _# mithe _?^ arm _^ of occupation _£ iir _^ Texas represent the emtehce Of a great ! _anxiet _^ w . ; _fei return home , there being no fightingln prospeot _^ ngfivg v much to " eat , aid n 6 " pay "" _fortoco _^ f -, ' - ilkterecallwaslookedfor . ' ' _- ' '" /¦" . '' _.: _^ Z ¦ - ¦" .- ' _'/' ¦ ¦ The Britannia brings home the ; _GoViirnor-General " , of Canada , Sir Charles -Metcalfe' ( who leaves his government on account of ill health ) , family , and suite . Lord Cathcart is Governor of Canada till another is appointed . ....
We learn from the commercial accounts brought by the Britannia that the greatest excitementhad prevailed in the New York and Montreal corn-markets , in consequence of the accounts from England . Flour had risen to the extraordinary price of 7 dollars 25 cents in the former place , and to 7 dollars 6 cents in the latter . It had subsequently declined to C dollars 75 cents . THE RIVER PLATE . Recent accounts from the River Plato state that the united English , French , and Monte Videnn forces had ascended the River Uruguay as far as the falls of the river at Salto _, and that in its progress up they had expelled the troops of Rosas from the towns of Paysandu and Mercedes . Their object in ascending the river is understood to have been to open a
communication with General Paz , who is at the head of a force of from 5 , 000 to 6 , 000 men , cavalry and infantry , in the province of _Corrientes . If it should become necessary these forces may be brought down to Montevideo , in whicli case the united strength of the Correntino army , ofthe garrison ofMonte Video , of the French and English Marines , and of the regiment of British infantry just landed at that city will be sufficient to sweep away the army of Oribe if it should not break up or surrender of its own accord , as it is confidently expected that it will . Since the capture ofthe Buenos Ayrean fleet , neither the army of Oribc not that of Urquiza can have received any sort of supplies from Buenos Ayres , and now that Mercedes and Paysandu have been occupied by Monte Videan garrisons , their retreat from the-. Monte Videan territory is nearly impossible .
_, The joint declaration issued by the Ministers Plenipotentiary of England and France , on declaring the city and territory of Buenos Ayres in a state of blockade , is an eloquent and well-reasoned state paper , and fully justifies thei course taken by the representatives of the two nations .
MASACRE IN SYRIA . We take the following from the Times : —At Giubisihir , near Tripoli , in Syria , the Ottoman troops wishing to force the inhabitants to deliver up tlieir aims , a revolt had taken place , and 900 of the Turkish troops had been massacred .
Foreign Miscellany. Death Op The Bishop ...
FOREIGN MISCELLANY . Death op the Bishop op Jerusalem . _—AtEXANDiiiA , Nov . 30 . —On the morning of the 26 th we received from Cairo the melaneholy news of tbe death of Bishop Alexander , of Jerusalem , who , it appears , died only five miles distant from Cairo , on the desert . He was accompanied by his lady and daughter . French Profit-mongers .- * A considerable sensation has been created in Paris , by the announcement that M . Gabrielde Isot , a brother of the stockbroker who has just failed , has committed suicide by blowing out his brains , at Crenelle . It was also stated at the Bourse that a very large speculator has become insane in consequence of heavy losses .
The Triple Alliance. [From The Tyne Merc...
THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE . [ From the Tyne Mercury . ] Whatever may bo the jealousies wliich exist between Prance and the other great Continental powers , Austria anil Russia , there are strong symptoms that , as tar as the power of this eouiitry is concerned , there exists a mutual understanding between the Czar and the French Government , and that tlie United States of America are a party to this " triple alliance . " Let us not be misunderstood nor our meaning distorted . * We have no intention , not the slightest , either of saying or insinuating , that any treaty with provisions of this tendency exists between these three powers . Tar from it . We believe it an understanding merely , based upon such treaties of a commercial nature as may exist between the parties _, liut though not engrossed upon paper or parchment , signed , sealed , and delivered , it is not the less virtually a tripartite alliance amongst these three powers , to cripple , wherever they can , the power and influence of England by tlieir joint action , and especially her naval
power . We may be asked what evidence we have of this 1 We answer , there exists much evidence , though it is to be sought for from a distance , and does not lie exactly at the surface . In the first place , there can be no doubt that in Greece and iu Egypt the French and Russians are united closely at this moment to destroy , as far as it may be accomplished , all British power in the _Sleditcrranean . When the Greek revolt against the power of the Porte first broke out , England was seduced into it by the specious pretext of establishing constitutional liberty there , whilst the Russians aided in this work of freedom , as it was cunningl y called , for the sole purpose of weakening and of alienating the Turkish power . For Russian purposes the battle » f Navarino was fought and won , principally by British skill and courage , and whilst by that
" untoward event" French and English Wood were spilt , Russia reaped the fruits . The Forte was alienated from England as well as from France , and , as it were in despair , resigned herself to the fatal arms of the Russian as a friend and protector . In the meantime , Greece was made a kingdom , and Otho , of Bavaria , a heavy German , arbitrary and stupid , sent to reign in Attica , as the successor of Pericles aud Alcibiades ! What is the result _*** Otho has got a huge loan from England , of wliich he will neither pay principal nor interest ; whilst France and Russian influence are supreme , and Coletti _, notorious for his hatred of England , is made Prime Minister . In Egypt the same result has followed . Russia cajoled Austria and England _intu tho fatal treaty of 1810 , which at once insulted France , and threw Mchemet Ali , the Egyptian ruler , into the arms of
that power . Thus France has , as it were , the bribe of Egypt ( the great object of her _uovetousness ) in hand , in order to induce her to wink at Russian aggression on the other side ; and to balance the possession of . Alexandria , and an open over-land road to India , against the spectacle ofa Russian army in Constantinople , and the Dardanelles blocked up by Russian fleets and batteries . Ou the American continent we see the same game playing . France sells Louisiana to the United States as the keystone of a friendly alliance to be directed against the naval supremacy of England . They begin by resisting the English right of search , whether in the case of slave-trading or hostilities . They proceed by shutting out virtually , and setting at
naught all the claims of England upon any portion of the west coast of the North American continent . Russia , in furtherance of this move , claims downwards to latitude 51 deg . 40 min _., whilst Congress asserts that their claim overlaps that of Russia , and extends to latitude 55 deg . In China the same tactics are proeeeding with . France and the United States are both negotiating treaties of commerce with the Emperor ' s commissioners . The American treaty , it is known , violates the conditions of their commercial engagements with Great Britain ; whilst France , it is believed , Is struggling hard to obtain the cession of the Island of Chusanj - a prize wliich , if obtained , will probably be shared between them and the Americans .
The whole of the insidious plot is the result of a tacit determination on the part of these powers to cripple the foreign trade , and break down the naval power of England . They know this naval power alone has given England the preponderance which she has attained . Her military power is trifling ; but well do they know the truth of the aphorism ofthe great Bacon , " the power of the seas is the abridgement of a monarchy . " The discovery of steam navigation has ren . dered the adventure of destroying the English " abridgement , " an eaBier task in their estimation . Hence tho insidious system , under whieh Franco , Ilussia , and the United States , by building steam frigates , under the guise of " packets , " are secretly trying to collect a navy , the united force of which may be an over-match for all that England can muster . That these three navies will , in the event of a war , be united against that of England ,
let no man doubt . Whilst Louis Philippe lives , it is probable no open aggression on the part of France may take place ; but his family can only continue to govern by yielding to the rulingpassion ofthe French people , wHclinow is to break up , by means of this coalition , the hated supremacy of this country . The designs of Russia on India are no secret . In Hindostan they are as well known and as openly admitted , as any other political truth whilst in America the determination ofthe Republic to swav the whole continent , from _Labradorto the isthmus of Darie _° is not concealed . We would counsel all concerned that to hope to buy off this animosity by commerc _aUonces sions , is hopeless and suicidal . They will take £ they can get , n that way ; and when concession has found its 2 _^ an dW _^ ° ? g 6 ls fairl _* asham _^ _forotTiu he applied to obtain the rest . That the rulers of this country are becoming alive to these truth . if now
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 20, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_20121845/page/1/
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