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From Preston, Worcester , Ashton, and ot...
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERAT...
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" VOL. X. NO. 436. i^OLNTI^^ F|vp m ««*«...
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THE POLISH INRDRRECTION.
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[Coiituuico! from our &tienta Page._\ Th...
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TIIE POLISH INSURRECTION. Sarmatia's on ...
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Cratos? tfftofameitfai
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ADDRESS OF THE CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF LO...
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National Association of Unitkd Trades. —...
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ComflaMMfittjttt
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TIIE LANCASHIRE MINERS. TO THK EDirOll O...
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Sir,—Mr. Iiamer having, in last we e k' ...
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THE TYRANNICAL "COAL KINGS." TO TIIE BDI...
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Tho General Delegate Mocting of Lancashi...
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Accident on thk Maxciustb» ard Birwisoha...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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From Preston, Worcester , Ashton, And Ot...
From Preston , Worcester , Ashton , and other places , we have receired large remittances for the Lan d Fund on Fri da y mor n in g , wo late for publication . We mention this , lest any anxiety may prevail in those districts until the announcement of the respective sums ; and it is not only creditable , cheering , ud honourable , but worthy of all commendation , to be able to state that of the numerous working men acting as treasurers and _secreeretaries to this enormous fund , not a single farthing has been abstracted , and not a single complaint has ever reached the directors . Who will dare to say , then , that the working-classes are not capable of managing tbeir own affairs 1 Note . —It is just as easy to transmit the funds on
Thursday morning a » on Friday morning ; and again wehave to _requesttueehseronce of this simple rule .
To The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operat...
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . Mt Deab _Fbiesss , —No General , iu addressing his troops upon the ere of a sanguinary conflict with their fellow-men about some baubled privilege of their oppressors , ever felt half that pride that I shall feel in addressing you in the Carpenters' HaU on Sunday nig ht , the 12 th of April , upon the ere of England ' s regeneration . I am glad to find that a _delegate meeting has heen called , to assemble at Manchester on that day . I propose making one oi the tea party on Good Friday , in Carpenters' llall ; and after the ballot on Monday I will address the
people of Oldham in their hall . On the whole , next Easter week ought to be the proudest Easter holidays that ever the Lancashire men spent . Yon will see , by Wednesday ' s Summary , that I was offered , as a first b i d , £ 2 , 000 for the land that cost us £ 1 . 860 . This , I hope , will _giVe jou some confidence in my judgment . While , in order that all e en the suspicion s , may hare confidence in our pr a ctic e , I and my brothers of the Executive invite their attendance during the time of taking the ballot in Carpenters ' H a ll , in order that they may see how the business of the _wijrkmg mew-is conducted .
It would really gladden your hearts to read the numerous letters that I receive from all parts of the kingdom relative to this growing subject Some persons who hate Chartism , nevertheless use the Land project as an argument to prove that it would destroy Chartism . I now tell you what every man in _England knows , that haditnotbeenfer the Land project , Charti s m would have been d ea d , and the people sold irrevocably to their oppressors . They tried preaching exclusive dealing , speaking , turn-outs , and many other experiments whieh the poor who work were told was Chartism ; but the Chartist mind of the kingdom had been long seeking the way from the house of bondage , and it only required to hare the sure road pointed oat . to follow it .
There are a great many collateral subjects yet to be taken into consideration—such as education , insurance company , and loan society—which of course the directors and delegates will enter into at Manchester . Bat there is one subject ofa , negative chaxacter , which I hare before mentioned , and to which I shall again draw your attention ; I mean the insertion of such conditi o ns in e a ch l ea s e as will pr e v e n our new-born moral society relapsing into tbe filth , de p rarit yand roguery which now characterise
_, society . I mean , that there shall be an express clause against leasing or selling to a hanker , a parson , a distiller , a brewer , a pawnbroker , or for the purpose of carrying on the business of selling sp irits or malt drink , or leasing to any person practising in any department in the legal profession . This latter condition may appear strange when we have a solicitor for our tre a surer ; but we must be a r in mi n d th at h e is a glorious exception , a n d that we must n o t f ra m e our rules upon exceptions .
While I am pent up in a stinking _lodging-honse for six whole days in the week , I long for a breath of fresh air ; besides , I long to make myself more useful . I long to be surrounded b y the little chi l dren of a hundred virtuous labourers—to read to them , to teach them , and to learn from them . I want to see them playing about their own fields , and living upon the industry of their own parents , without being subject to the horrid dominion of tyrant masters . I want to b e in a situati o n to invite s ome M e m bers of Parliament to New England , and I want to be able to show them a hundred freemen of my own inakiug , and their hundred happy families . Well , then , do
you think any monarch on earth will hare as good a right to be proud as I shall hare when I see this first colony ? Does it ever strike you , my friends , of the difficulty of inculcating a knowledge ofa new science in a country at a time when the governing mind of that country was wholly set upon _difiusing metaphysical knowledge upona new science of commerce , speculation , and plunder of every kind ? Do you ever refle c t u po n the f a ct , that five years ago , nay , two years ago , not one in a thousand who are now thirst ing after knowledge of agriculture , then knew
anything about the laud ! And is not tbis education and progress in the right direction ? While , to those who have attempted to persuade yoa that the Land pro ject wouldkill Chartism , I answer—has their duty as directors prevented the present Executive from discharging their duties to the Chartist body with more profit , activity , and success than those duties were erer performed before the establishment of the land project ? I tell you that Chartism and Landism are as the Siamese twins , so bound up together in life and interest , that it -will be impossible te separate them without endangering the life of both .
Now , I would ask , what possible peg , except the Land , Chartism can hang its hope upon ? What would possession of representation be if not directed to the emancipation of labour ? .-And how , in th e present state of commerce and manufactures , can labour be free otherwise than by giving to each , in his INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY , the power of exercising his ( labour , w hi c h is his ca p ital , for his own sole benefit ? As soon as this project of ours is ripe for attack , then it will be honoured with discussion ; and don ' t 1 long to get up as a mere mute upon the platform , and point to the appearance of the free _labourerin comparison with the slave ? Don ' t I long to exhibit the innocent children , uncontaminated by vice , brou g ht u p u nd e r the g uardi a n s hi p of their own parents , as a comparison with those who arc brought up under the cursed rule of monopoly ?
In the addr e ss ofth e Pol e s , now s truggling for the regeneration of their country , they see the necessity of holding out the expectation of possessing their native soil as an inducement te fight against their oppressors . What a reflection the success of our undertaking will be upon those who hare pocketed millions upon millions of the poor _Irishmen ' s money , while famine , pestilence , and death are the only fruits they have reaped from their generosity . Alas ! if all the monies squandered in bombastic patriotism had been expended in tbe purchase of Irish
l a nd , to be leased for erer to the Irish people , not a sod ofthe country would now be in the possession of the proud alien invader . Ireland might hare boasted of a national militia of one million fighting men , with fre « hearts and UNBRAXDED ARMS , who could not bejicp t prisoners in their own hovels from an hour before sunset till sunrise , and who w » uld be better defenders of their faith , their country , a nd thoir homes , . than thc sentin e ls they pa y for wa t c hin g their weakness and taking advantage of their credulity .
What should be the dearest object of a man ' s life ? Should it not ba to leave the world better than he found it ? And if I expire after I have located even one hundred men in their own castles , with land from which none can disinherit them , may I not , after setting an example that nations may follow , say with my lart breath , TH A NK GOD , III A VE LEFT THE WORLD B E TT ER T N I FOUND IT ? My friends , the object of most men is to live as wcl as they can in this world , regardless of _everytluV
save then ? own comfort * while my only comfort and enjoyment , regardless of self , is devising means for your elevation . 1 shall now fake my leave for the present , looking anxiously forward to Eastcrwcek when 1 trust to be rewarded for my poor exertions on your behalf . The time for taking possession of the _Rtckmanswerth estate will be duly notified to all who are anxious to join iu the cereuiony , _when a Committee will be formed for the _purpose of ___& . naging thc proceedings .
I know that thousands are anxious to join in tho jubilee ; and to prore to you that the mind of _thfe country is not depraved , many hundreds who wcu : in the habit o : * making a purse annually to visit Ep-
To The Members Of The Chartist Co-Operat...
som races , hare determined upon applying it this year in regaling themselves upon the people ' s first estate . Who , then , will say that hours diverted from excessive toil would be devoted to drunkenness and dissipation , if the h o nest l a bou r er h a d a f a ir inducement to apply them to his own advantage ? As sub-treasurer , I shall be prepared to submit my accounts to the delegates at Manchester , and b y that time I hope to be able to shew between £ 6 , 000 and £ 7 , 000 placed to the credit of our treasurer in the bank ; tbus , in less thau ten months , we s h a ll hare realised more th a n I da r e d to ho p e the Soci e t y would possess in two years . I remain , my Friends , Your faithful Friend and Servant , Feargus O'Connor .
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" Vol. X. No. 436. I^Olnti^^ F|Vp M ««*«...
" VOL . X . NO . 436 . i _^ _OLNTI _^^ F | vp m _««*«««««« ~ _ ¦ ¦ * V . / . _^ .: _^" _- - : _. Fire Shilling * and Slxp ( :,, < - pci- Quarter
The Polish Inrdrrection.
THE POLISH INRDRRECTION .
[Coiituuico! From Our &Tienta Page._\ Th...
[ _Coiituuico ! from our & tienta Page . _\ The Universal German Gazette publishes accounts from Posea of the 11 th instant . All the small towns ofthe Grand Duchy had been occupied by the militarr _. The Catholic college of Pryemezno had been closed by the authorities in consequence oi a revolutionary spirit having been found to exist in it . Prisoners ' were daily being brought into the town . One half of the persons arrested are said to have been sent into Silesia . It was reported that the Russian and Austrian troops iu Cracow could not agree , and t ha t the civilians were treated witli great severity . The government alone issued passports . Paris , Tuesday . The journals contain no new facts of importauce ou the subject of the Polish insurrection . The _abssnee of correct and detailed information ou the affair occasions general surprise in Paris .
The Reforms observes , that— " If the Polish insurrection had been suppressed , the northern government * would have hastened to announce it with great pomp . If the insurrection was suppressed , the Austrians would not be obliged to send # , 000 men into Gallicia . If the insurrection had been suppressed , we should have been told what had become of the insurrectionary columns whose march is attested by their bold action . We should hare been told that one column was defeated on such a day , or that it had been compelled to lay down its arms . The names of the victorious generals would have been announced , aud we should have known the number of victim * . The organizers ofthe massacres at Tarnow would not have scrupled to terrify the population by sanguinary executions . " Prince Adam CzartoryBki had arrived at Brussels from Paris . _Pabis , Wednesday .
THE INSURRECTION NOT PUT DOWNPROGRESS . The Riforme states that the accounts received relative to the Polish Insurrection are but few , but that they are excellent : — The movement in Samogitia and in Courland is confirmed . " At Prague , " says the Augstntrg Gazette , " tbe Poles who were studying in that city all disappeared , with the exception of two . " A letter from Breslau , dated ihe lWh instant , relates , that during an engagement which took plaee on the frontiers of Russia , semral soldiers of Polish origin quitted the Russian ranks ani joined the insurgents . The Gazette ef Yoss contains a letter , dated _Kocnigsburg , the 7 th _iastant , which announces that the Polish insurgents crossed the Prussian frontier near _Ortelsbourj , and captured 708 muskets in that town . This fact proces that the insurrection _waj making progress in Poland .
The executive committee appointed to administer the subscriptions received by the National and the Riforme to aid the Polish insurgents , publishes an address to the Poles , recommending them to unite in whatever country they may hare been cast by the storms of revolution , and to form but one band . The committee next reminds the French nation that 4 U 0 _. 000 Poles died on the field of battle fighting heroically with France against coalesced Europe , [ and calls on the country to aid their descendants in their present glorious struggle . The National states that the subscriptions received for the Polish insurgents by the Pari * journals , together with 43 provincial journals , amount to a sum ofS 3 , 523 f . 55 c .
An address signed by about 400 Polish refugees , was distributed on Tuesday to tbe Peers and Deputies . In this address the sympathy of the members of the two Chambers in behalf ofthe Polish cause is warmly appealed to . The performances at the theatre of Toulouse were interru pted on the 14 th by a number of persons calling for and singing in chorus tbe Marseillaise and the _Kirsoinemie . The disturbance at length became so violent that the curtain was dropped , and after the arrest of some of the perturbators , the theatre was _claared by the police .
Tiie Polish Insurrection. Sarmatia's On ...
TIIE POLISH INSURRECTION . Sarmatia ' s on her way , To take her stand , Asd wield her brand _. As in the ancitnt day . MEETIXC OF TAB GERMAN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY . On Saturday evening , March 14 th , the members ofthe " German Democratic Society for the Instruit i on o f the W o rk i n g Classes , " held a special meeting in th e i r ro o m , Great Windmill-street , for the purpose of considering the important struggle going on in Poland , and expressing their sympathy with the gallant Polish patriots . The room was most inconveniently crowded , and the most earnest interest exhibited by all present . The meeting was addressed
by several speakers , who detailed the progress of the insurrection , and the noble stand made by the patriots in Cracow and other parts of Poland . The proposition to commence a subscri ption iu support o f the Poles was received with the utmost enthusiasm , and the sum of four pounds ten shillings and _sixpence was immediately contributed by the members present . Besides which the members declared themselves ready to niakd any aud every sacrifice to serve the cause of liberty , and promote the triumph of their Polish brethren . The events in Poland hare excited a great sensation amongst the German democrats in London .
MEETING OF THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS . On Suuday evening , March 1 . 5 th , the usual meeting of this body was holden in thc above room , which was crowded with democrats belonging to nearly all tho states of Europe . About half-past six o'clock , John Shaw was called to the chair , and briefly opened the proceedings . For the purpose of maintaining the character of the assembly , and preventing the intrusion of improper persons . A resolution was proposed , seconded , and unanimously adopted to the effect , that the names of thc fraternal democrats be enrolled ; that after the present meeting , persons wishing to join the assembly shall be admitted only upon the recommendation of two _members , sanctioned by the vote of a majority ; but that each member may introduce a friend on giving his name to the chairman , such friend not to bs allowed to take any part io
the proceedings so long as he is not a member . Any " rules or regulations , " excepting the above , were deemed to be unnecessary , as was also any fixed payments , it being thought that money was unnecessary except for special purposes , when voluntary contributions would be sufficient , each democrat contributing according to his means . On the question Of appointing officers , it was considered that neither council nor committee was necessary , the "Fraternal Democrats" not being a society or party , but merely an assemblage of men belonging todifferent countries , for tbe purpose of mutual information . The _appointment of permanent secretaries for the purpose of authenticating all documents issued to the public , was , however , considered necessary , and six secretaries were elected—British , German , Frenc h , Slavonian , Scandinavian , and Swiss .
G . Julias Hakxet reported , that in accordance with the instructions of tbe previous meeting , thu " Address to the Working Classes of Great Britain and the United States" had beeu sent to a number of thc British journals , including all the London daily papers , and that the only journal which had _nublisheo the address was tbe Nortliern Star , ( licar , hear . ) The address bad also been rent to several American journals , lie had the pleasure to inform the nieetinc that , as some compensation for tlie shameful conduct of the London press , he had received a letter from an eminent literary character , whose same was noi merely English but European , indeed was knowi . and admired throughout the civilised world . G . J . 11-read the letter , which warmly extolled the " Address . " The letter elicited much applause . Chaules Kees then proposed the following resolution : —
That the Mrthent Star having published the "Addresi of tlie Fraternal Democrats to the _l _' eople of Great Britain and the United _Statts , » i s _enbtUa to onr thanks - _, and tliat paper being the only oae that has given publicity to the said _a'idrtss , is an additional reason for us _reeouimending it to the working classes of Europe as a true re preseutative of democratic prinnhiles
Tiie Polish Insurrection. Sarmatia's On ...
Carl _SciuppER _^ econded the resolution , which was unanimously adopted . G . Joliax Hab . net said , that at the previous meeting he had given _nttice of his intention to bring before the present assembly the subject of * ' tbe War in India . " Circumstances , however , rendered it necessary to postpone that subject , and instead , to take into consideration the insurrection in unhappv Poland . ( Hear , hear . ) G . J . II . then commented at considerable length on the facts of the insurrection , in th e cours e of which Ue hi ghly praised the manifesto issued by the Provisional Government at Cracow , as being based on principles which alone could render the Poles free , great , and happy , lie concluded by proposing , " That it is highly desirable that a public manifestation on the part ofthe British people , of sympathy with the Polish patriots , be exhibited as speedily as possible ; and that this meeting commence & subscription lorthwith . "
Cam . Schapper seconded thc motion . He spoke at some length on the wrongs of Poland , and the duty of all true democrats giving their hearty support to thc Polish patriots . He concluded by announcing that the German _Soeisty had commenced a subscription on the previous evening , and that although ali the members wcre working men , and many of them out of employment , they had already contributed four pounds ten shillings and sixpence . { Great applause . ) A subscription was then entered into , and £ 2 2 s . 3 d . collected . It should be stated that all the Fraternal Democrats are working men , and many of them , as members of the German Society , had contributed ou the previous evening . - •* _. An eminent Polish refugee next addressed the me e tin g , thanking the democrats for their sympathy , and assuring them that the present revolution , if succe ssful , would result in the triumph of democratic p rinci ples . Cam , _Schafprr said , that as the monies contributed in France forthe Polish cause were sent to the
public journals which advocated the cause , he proposed , therefore , that the monies contributed at this meeting should be sent to the Northern Star , the proprietor of which paper should be requested to hold the monies as treasurer . He was authorised to say that the members of the German Society would also send to the Northern Star the money contributed by them . ( Applause . ) Brother Mow . seconded the motion , which was unanimously adopted . It was announced thatthe South London Chartists were already bestirring themselves , and contemplated holding a meeting on an early day in support of the Polish cause . This announcement was warmly received , and a deputation was appointed to offer the co-operation of the Fraternal Democrats . The meeting then adjourned till Tuesday evening .
MEETING OF THB FUENCII DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY . At the usual weekly meeting of the French Democratic Society , held in the above room , on Monday evening , March 16 th , thc subject of the insurrection of Poland was brought under the consideration of the m e mbers , who testified the greatest enthusiasm in behalf of their Polish brethren . A subscription was commenced , and two pounds ten shillings subscribed . Vive la _Potogm ! ADJOURNED MEETING OF THE FRATERNAL
DEMOCRATS . On Tuesday evening the adjourned meeting took place , John Moy in the chair . G . J . Harney ( one of the secretaries ) read the minutes of the previous meeting , which , on the motion of Messrs . Keen and Dunnage , wcre confirmed . G , J . II . then reported several facts connected with the pi ogress 1 the struggle in Poland , which excited much interest . Carl Scrapper , on b e h al f of the de p utation appointed at the previous meeting to wait on F . O'C o nnor , Esq ., with t he monies collected by th e Fraternal Democrats and the German and French Societies , reported their interview will Mr . O'Connor . The report gave great satisfaction .
Charles Keen reported his interview witk the South Londoa Chartists , a numb e r o f wh o m we re now present . It was also announced that Messrs . Doy le a n d Whe e l e r , of thc Chartist Executive Committee , were present . Mr . _Ksigui , of the South London Chartist locality , _addressed the meeting , tendering the CO-operation of his brother Chartists , and offering the nse of the South London Hall for a meeting in support of the Polish cause . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Dotlb suggested that the offer of the South London Chartists should be accepted , and the first meeting for Poland be holden in the South London llall on Monday evening next .
Mr . Wheeler suggested that the first meeting should be holden at the Crown and Anchor . . 1 , ;_ After some discussion , llcnry lioss proposed , seconded by Mr . Wheeler , that a committee be appointed to get up a public meeting at the Crown and Anchor , on Wednesday evening , March 25 th . Carried . The following persons , selected from the Fraternal Democrats and the London Chartists , including the members of the Executive , were then elected a committee , with power to add to their number : —
Mes 3 _T 3 . Schapper , O ' Connor , Harney , Do y le , \ Y _heeltr , M'Grath , Clark , Michelot , Holm , Nemeth , Huber , _Ro's , Keen , Dunnage , Bauer , _Hubers , Fontaine , Kni g ht , Andrews , Fletcher , Milne , Mu r den , Ilewett , I . Dunnage , Ridley , Souter , Shaw , _Cuflay , Sampson , Skelton , Stallwood , Pakes , Moll , and Dr . Bowkett . On the motion of Carl Schapper , a vote of thanks was passed by acclamation to F . O'Connor , Esq , and the other members ofthe Chartist Executive . G . J . IIakxby proposed , "That we respectfully request the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association to address thc British people in behalf of our Polish brethren . " Carried .
Mr . DorLE replied , assuring the meeting of the hearty co-operation of the Executive . ( Cheers . ) It was then resolved , that an address be issued by the Fraternal . Democrats to the British people . The address will be found below . The meeting then adjourned . [ In the course of tbe evening a deputation from a Foreign Philanthropic Trade Society , meeting at the White Horse , Archer-street , at t ended t o r epo rt that they had collected £ 16 s . for the Polish cause . Late in the evening another deputation arrived from a num b er of f o rei g n frien d s wh o a r e in t h e habit o f meeting for social enjoyment , and who had collected the sum ef £ 3 lis . for the Po : es , intending to add to that sum . The announcements made by the two deputations excited great enthusiasm . ! ADDRESS OF THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS ASSEMBLING IN LONDON , TO TIIE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN .
" All men are brethren . " Friends asd Brothers , —The long-oppressed , long-suffering Polish people are again in arms for the recovery of their independence and liberty . The wrongs of bleeding Poland plead "trumpettongued" for your sympathy for her gallant children . Our fathers basely permitted an act of injustice which will for ever remain the shame of the eighteenth century , —the dismemberment of Poland . The present generation are commanded by every principle of justice to aid the gallant Polish people in _redeeming the crimes and _errois ofthe past . When , in 1830 , the . Polesrose against the Muscovite miscreant , your sympathies were immediately awakened and warmly expressed . But ,
unfortunately , you were at that time led by a mock-liberal government , who , affecting to adopt thc policy of peace and non-intervention , made that policy the pretext for withholding from Poland that efficient aid you would generously have accorded . At that time the great body ofthe people—the proletarianstook part in political questions merely as the blind instruments of the classes above them . Ambitious aristocrats and scheming bourgeoisie excited the people by party cries and factious watchwords to expend their strength in the pursuit of delusive measures , which , when obtained , gave to a few aristocrats place , and tothe bourgeoisie power , b ut which were worse than _valueless _' to the proletarians . Your position is now very different . You are no longer under
the leadership of the middle class ; you lead yourselves . You have now orators of your own . Governments are constrained to at least treat your sentiments with respect , and no decided public opinion can be created without your sentiments being largely represented therein . Working men of Britain , you have now a power tfiat you possessed not in 1830 ; we appeal to you to exercise that power in behalf of unhappy Poland . We appeal to all classes of the British peop le t o _; ive thtir sympathy aud assistance to the Polish cause ; bat we appeal to the pro / etarians specially , because the cause of Democratic Poland is their _euise ; and because bitter experience convinces us tliat the cause of genuine liberty iu Poland bus but few , very tew friends among tho privileged classes of this country .
It is not necessary that we should dwell on the horrors of despotic rule in Poland . Despite Siberia aud Spielberg , the Russian knout uud the German censorship , the abominations of tyranny ooze out ; and scarcely a day passes that Western Europe is not horrified at tbe recital of atrocities committed by the Tsar aud his worthy partners in tyranny , the Kasirs of Austria and Prussia . Remember , Britons , that besides the thousands who have perished in _liattle and by the miseries engendered by war , besides these , " _iunuuierable victims have beeu judicially nmr-
Tiie Polish Insurrection. Sarmatia's On ...
d / _agd , or _jndi _^ _- _^ natelV _) massacred . That _thou-*^ _Mf _|| _£ _Mra _|^^ p _^^ . | uffcred more than death in _|; iio _^ _W _* _lTOW'TO _^ 8 » Yery in the ice-bound _wastes ot Siberia , or compelled to serve their tyrant in the r a nks of hi s armed slav e ' s . That thousands _h-ive been driven lnt « _uaIIo , mnuj of them perishing of want or by suicide . That even women and children have been subjected to the most hellish _bai-hii-ities , too horrible to be described , Remember these things ; remember that the religion , langua g e , li te rature , customs , manners , and feelings of the Polish people have been systematically and ceaselessly outraged , * and ask yourselves , is it not a sawed duty enjoined upon you , and the people of Europe generally , to bring this reign of crime and wrong to an end ?
if you ask what can you do ? we answer , thunder in tho ears of the government your will , that thev should save Poland from the robber , the tyrant , and the executioner . In that you may not succeed , because the government is not tho government of the British people ; but you will at least prove to Europe that if Poland' is enslaved it is not with your consent . Prove your sympathy with the Polish people , n o t merel y by speech-making and petitions , but also by pecuniary contributions for thc promotion ofthe good cause . In specially appealing to the -working classes we are not unmindful ef their poverty , and the many claim * upon their generous feelings , but : tho pennies of the proletarians will be welcomed as gratefully by every Pole as though those pennies were pounds ; for , whether small or large , the contributions will evidence your , sympathy .
Our German and French brothers are united with lis in this demonstration . Thc members of the Executive Committee < tf the National Charter Asso ciation have offered their generous co-operation . The 'Chartists of London have already exhibited the best s p irit , and , simultaneously with ourselves , have taken up this important question . A committee has been formed , embracing the members of the Chartist Executive , and next week will see the commencement of a series of demonstrations in London , ofa thoroughly democratic character , w hich , if f o ll o wed u p by the people of Britain generally , cannot fail to greatly influence the fortunes of Poland . Peo ple of Great Britain , we request you to hold public meetings in support of the Polish cause . We request you to contribute your pecuniary aid , and to transmit all sums collected to the Northern Star .
In Germany , the people everywhere sympathise with Poland , and can with difficulty be restrained from uniting with the Poles in combatting against their oppressors . In France , the most generous ympathy is manifested b y all classes . In Britain , let the like spirit be exhibited . Fling away from you the reproach that you are " a nation of shopkeepers . " Show that you are a nation of patriots , whose patriotism is not that of selfishness , but of humanity , not confined to yourselves , but embracing the whole human race . Poland appeals to the world for succour , let not the people of Britain be the last to aid . Forwards 1
Si g ned by the S e cretaries , G . Julian Harnbt . Caul Schapper . Jkas Augustinb Miohkiot Peter Holm . _Hkinbiech Huber . — Nemetii .
Cratos? Tfftofameitfai
_Cratos _? _tfftofameitfai
Address Of The Central Association Of Lo...
ADDRESS OF THE CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF LONDON TRADES , To the Societies and Operatives generally of Great Britain and Ireland , in belmlf of the Carpenters and Joiners of Manchester and its Vicinity . Fellow Wokkmex , —In appealing to you for support in behalf of the carpenters and joiners of Manchester , wc deem it _ncccifsary to give a brief * statement of their position and the causes that led to the present strike . The carpenters of _Manchsstcr have for many years had an established rule to work fifty-nine hours per week in the summer and fifty-two in the winter .
For the last two years the employers have been agitating the question of an equalization of the hours throughout the year , by which means the fluctuations that have existed in the trade , and have been so injurious both to the employer and the employed , should be obviated ; they , therefore , with the workmen unanimously agreed in autumn last , that this desirable object should be carried iuto effect by commencing work at seven o ' clock on the morningsof Monday and at six every other morning during the week , and leave work at six each evening exeept Saturday , then to leave off at twelve at noon , making fifty-seven hours per week ihe year round ; to this arrangement they have adhered throughout this winter _.
The workmen knowing that their trade was in a flourishing state , and consequently an advance of wages had been given in many districts , and knowing also that in other trades an increase of wages had been effected , or the hours of labour curtailed , they gave notice to tlieir employers on the 1 st of January for an advance of sixpence par day , to commence en the 1 st of March . To which notice they receired no answer until they wcre invited by advertisement to attend a meeting of the employers , held on February 27 th , 1816 , when , after the deputation had waited four hour * , the following note was handed to them , " the employers refusing them an audience : "—
ANSWER OP THE CAltl'ENTKRS AND JOINERS TO THE DEPUTATION OF JOURNBVMEN . " That in consideration of tlie working hours being as follows , viz .: —Sixty hours during the week the year round , with the exception of the outdoor hands , who shall work from light to dark in winter , the pay to begin at four o'clock on Saturday as formerly . " The masters are willing on the above conditions to give the journeymen carpenters and joiners an advance of 2 s . per week . " —Albion Hotel , February 27 , 1846 . The proposition of the employers , when s ubmitte d to the journeymen , was unanimously rejected by them , well knowing the great evil of increasing the num b er of wo rkin g hour s , and thereby producing a surplus in the labour market .
The consequence was the whole of the men _agracd to turn out on the Monday , when sixty of the smaller employers immediately gave the advanced wages , and the men are at work ; but the larger masters being combined together in an association , and trusting more to their long purses than tho justice of their caus e , refuse to alter their decision . There are consequently 1 , 300 men out on strik e at the present time . The Central Association having given a short review of the present position of the Manchester Carpenters ( who have ever been ready to render assistance in similar cases ) , beg most earnestly to appeal to the working classes throughout the United Kingdom in their behalf , trusting that they will generously lend their utmost assistance to enable this denerving body of men to obtain what they are now justly struggling for—vix ., a fair remuneration for their toil , and to prevent an increase of the hours of labour .
By order of the Association , John Bush , Carpenter , Chairman . Thomas Barratt , Corkcutter , Secretary . Since the above was in type , the masters in the other branches ofthe building trades have discharged all their men , to prevent them assisting the carpenters . All communications to be made to Mr . John Bush , No . 1 , York-streer , York-road , London ; or to Mr . James Levens , 17 , Devonshire-street , Hulme , Manchester .
National Association Of Unitkd Trades. —...
_National Association of Unitkd Trades . — The central committee met at the Trades' Office , 30 , Hyde-street , Bloomsbury , on Monday , March 16 th , T . S . Duncombe , M . P ., in the chair . Letters were rea d from Mr . Goldin , of Manchester , stating that an attempt had been made to get up a Masters' Ass ociation in opp osi t ion t o t h e Unite d Trade s' Association which had proved a complete failure . From Mr . Forcst _. stating . tfiat thc chain-cable makers of Cradley , near Stourbridge , 800 in number , were desirousol joining the association , and ashing the necessary information for that purpose . Prom Mr . P . Moore , stating that the weavers' of York were desirous of joining the association , and desiring the necessary information . From Mr . Heard , sending the adhesion of the _stockingcrs of Nottingham , with tlieir first mouth's subscription . From Mr . Piatt , inclosing thc _adlici-ion of the silk glovemakcrs of _Duflieid .
From Mr . Pelkin , thanking Mr . J . Bush lor his visit to Mansfield . From Mr . Scott , expressing the desire ofthe factory handtoom-wca vers of Glasgow to become a portion of the association . From Mr . Major , conveying _, the adhesion of the cabinet makers , chair makers , carvers , joiners , and upholsterers of Bath . From Messrs . T . Winters and Bueksby , containing the adhesion of 300 framework-knitters of Leicester , together with their first month ' s subscription , also statin g th a t they had attended a publicmccting , held at Ositlby , at whicli a resolution was unanimously passed by the "knitters" of that town to jom the association . From Mr . lleathcock , announcing a great increase of members on behalf of the horse nail-makers of Lve . From Mr . Saunt , announcin _** the adhesion of " the framework-knitters of * _Snenton , _acompaiiied with two months' _subscription From Mr . Elmer , stating the desire ot the carpenters and joiners of Halifax to join the National
National Association Of Unitkd Trades. —...
Association of United Trades . After the transaction of a considerable deal of business , th e worthy president declared the meeting adjourned . The Stmkk or the Joiners and _Bbicklateiis in _ManchUhtbr . —Iii conMquence of the slaters , plumbers , glaziers , plasterers , and painters , _nith _thsir labourer * , having been called upon _forluvies in support of the turnouts in tht other _brnnchej of the hulling trades , to which call * they had re « ponded , the master builders of _Manchester have f « lt obliged , in order to bring the _strugg l * to apeedy termination , to suspend building operations entirely ; and _siaee Saturday evening , the 7 th instant , the whole of the men employed in th « _buildine trades have been out of employment . The joiners and carpenters , _togetlier with the masonE , some time since obtained a
reduction in Ihe hours of labour , haring been permitted to leave off work at noon on _Saturdnys , and to resume employment at seven o ' coek on _Meudavs , instead of six , as on every other day of the week . The demand now made is for 8 s . . per week extra wages . The masters hare offered Us . extra por week , if the men will return to their old hours : this has heen refused . —Liverpool Times . Tue Belfast _Shokiukses . _—MgiTmo ai Halifax . —A . public meeting of the trades was held on Monday evening last , in the Working Man ' s Hall , Halifax , to take into consideration the case of thc op » r , 1 tive _Shocmakcri of Belfast , _toanlist the _sympath y of the trades In their favour , aud give th » t pecuniary _asiiatunce neecasary to enable tlmm to withstand the tyrannical project of the master * to break up the union and lay labour prostrate in the dust . Mr . Beaumont , shoemaker , was called to
the chair . Mr . w . Wallace , shoemaker ; moved the first resolution , and explained the conduct of masters and the situation ofthe _saer aad called upon his fellow-workmen to come forward and wider thein all tha astistaucit in _tkeir power . Mr , Furniss , shoemaker , seconded the re . solution , which was supported by Mr . B . Rushton , hand * loom weaver , and carried _unanimouefy . Mr . Webber , woolcomber , moved the second resolution , and called upon the working men to be united . Seconded by Mr . Swallow , shoemaker , and ably snpported by Mr . Bald win , woolcomber . Carried unanimously . Mr . Evans , shoemaker , moved the third resolution , which wae seconded by Mr . Smith , shoemaker . Carried unanimously . Mr . _CroBsland , handloom weaver , moved the fourth resolution , which was seconded by Mr . _Birttrhistle , and carried unanimously . Thanks were given to the chairman , and the meeting separated .
THE _LONBOK SOCIETIES OF CABPiNTEBS haVC had meetings most nights during tho week to adopt means to support tlieir Manchester brethren , and have generally voted money for their support .
Comflammfittjttt
ComflaMMfittjttt
Tiie Lancashire Miners. To Thk Ediroll O...
TIIE LANCASHIRE MINERS . TO THK EDirOll OP _TUll KORTKERN _ftTAR . Rbsphctep Sir , —A letter appeared in your last week ' s paper signed bj a person of the name of Ri c hard iiamer , who , it appears , resides at Itadcliffe-bridge . This letter , as well as your own remarks , calls for a few brief observations from me . Mr . Thamer states , that a resolution was passed at the Bolton delegate meeting , not to send the Miners ' proceedings to ihe Star . JSow , sir , if Mr . Hamer means the county , delegate _meetluK , _—~' —b * v »« i = place about the time to which he alludes , I can assure him he has been moat grossly imposed upon by the parties who gave him his information . I was present at the meeting . I have a copy of tho
resolutions , and 1 now emphatically and unequivocally declare , that no such resolution wns passed , or even proposed at that meeting ; it is no wonder the delegate from Radcliffe knew nothing about it , for it never had an existence , it was never even contemplated , "Oh , but , " says Mr . Hamer , "tho Star was secretly burked . " This statement is utterly false . The Miners of Lancashire hold no secret meetings , and i t is well kn o wn the lar g e room ofthe Fleece inn was crowded during the whole time ; the delegates were deliberating upon the various subjects brought before them . 1 feel confideut , from the little knowledge I have of Mr . Ham e r , that he is incapable of publishing a deliberate lie ; and 1 again repeat , he has suffered himself to be misled by partics having some base object in view , and who are
now laughing in their sleeves at his credulity . With respect to parties giving up the Star , I am not prepared to speak so decidedly ; but those I have conversed with , all declare they did not give up the paper from any motives of dislike or ill-feeling , but solely on account of their being unable _. to pay for it , through extreme poverty . With respect to Mr . Martin Jude being acquainted with such a resolution of the Lancashire delegates , or taking part with them in a conspiracy against the Star , no one who knows him will , for a moment , believo ; and lor the satisfaction of those who do not Know him , l ; must again repeat , no such resolution was passed , therefore ho could not be acquainted with it ; and as to his taking part in a conspiracy against a paper ,
regularly and consistently advocating the rights of industry , it is too preposterous for _evon his enemies to swallow . Mr . Jude has suffered much , both in purse and mind , from his own advocacy of the cause of labour , and 1 am confident he would suffer his right hand to be severed from , his body before he would be a conspirator against the Northern Star . Now , sir , as t o y our own rem a rks upon . Mr . liamer ' s letter . You say , you make no complaint of the conspiracy , but the workinc men who have been mado the victims of it will demand an explanation from their delegates . There is no doubt tliey would have done so ere this , had they not known their delegates entered into no such conspiracy . You further state , you have been warned more than once what was
going on in certain quarters , but abstained from noticing it until goaded by the very parties who treacherously forbade communication with the Star , and then taunted you with neglect . Re a ll y , sir , I am surprised—a conspiracy going on for some time , and the leading conspirators recommending their constituents to become subscribers to tho very paperthey were striving to burke , some of them having taken it from its commencement , and all of them having repeatedly expressed their gratitude to _iU proprietor for his gratuitous insertion of their proceedings , as well as his disinterested advocacy of ihoir cause ! If this be conspiracy , lam proud of being a consp irator , and 1 am sure the lecturers and other officials of the Miners' Association will all of them glory in tho
_appellation . No , sir , there is not , there never was , any conspiracy to injure the circulation of the Star by any the smallest portion of the lending men in the Miners' Association , at least , so far as Lancashire is concerned ( let other coimties answer for thems elve s ) ; and 1 think , sir , you are much to blame in giving credence to reports connected with Trades ' Unions without inquiring ns to the truth of such reports . Had you given me thc slig htest intimation th a t any one _wsb poisoning your mind with such falsehoods , 1 would have immediately dclied the parties to the proof , and the present controversy would have been avoided . You say , you were taunted by the parties who treacherously forbade communications _beins sent to you for insertion , & c . To this , 1 answer , I
never was forbade to send any correspondence to you . A n d now I will ex plain the reason why the fact of the men's being thrown out of employ was not sent for publication . The men who were thi _«* faout thought no publicity should be given to _thatlact—at least for a . _'hort time—as it might be the means ol injuring them , by bringing others into the county . Acting upon this _uuggestioti _, I did not send anything about the matter to any one portion of the public press , not even to the Miners' Advocate . I knew very well if an account thereof had appeared in the Nortitern Star , or even in the Advotatt , and a great number of men had come and taken work in the pits , it would have b « en said , this is all owing to the publicity given to our being out . In conclusion , I have only to reiterate what I have before stated . There never was any secret meetings of tlie delegates connected with the Miners' Association in Lancashire ; there never was any conspiracy among the loaders of
ths miners of Lancashire to burke tho Star , or evon injure its circulation ; there never was a resolution passed at the Bolton County Delegate Meeting , or elsewhcro , prohibiting _coi-respondcttce with the editor of the Star ; and , once again , I repeat , the only roason why an account of the men ' s b ein g out was not sent to tlie Star office , aro s e so l e l y f rom my acting on their own suggestion , that no publicity should be given to the circumstance—at least for a short time—as it might injure them by causing an influx of men . In this they were mistaken ; but it is monstrous the delegates should be blamed and called _cou-jpirators , merely because the fact of the men ' s being out was not sent for publication . With the same justice they might be charged with conspiring against their own paper , as nothing was sent relative to the men ' s being out to the editor of the Hineri Advocate . —I am , sir , on behalf of the miners of Lancashire , yours respectfully , Wu . GnocoTT , County Secretary .
Sir,—Mr. Iiamer Having, In Last We E K' ...
Sir , —Mr . Iiamer having , in last we e k ' s Star , _( _"• rawn your attention to the admission , in my l etter of thc preceding week , thatthe seven individuals w ouk . have been spared the trouble of coming to supersede the miners on strike if tiicy had , on searching the Star , found any roport of tho said strike therein , and remarks , ' " 'if seven _whynotsoven liuiidreilf' I will not retaliate by giving a contrary opinion , because it is bard to tell where the following mt of such a course might lead its to ; bandying opinions answer no good end in such leases . But I
Sir,—Mr. Iiamer Having, In Last We E K' ...
shall proceed to inform Mr . Hamer , _thrond ; the medium of the Star , that he is _altogBthcr wrong when he infers tbat I had a knowledge 61 the resolu-. tions so passed at the Bolton meeting . I ¦ smcero . y declare that no such resolutions were _ucntati't _* . nor had we any intimation of their passing _sucfi . " ( isolations ; butwe had ( and it was that alone which save us any knowledge of the desire of-the leading men . in Lancashire ) letters comiug ' frequently , i u w hich it was stated that wo ought to make it known a * little as possible in our neighbourhood , lest any per _« sons should take advantago of the ' same , aiid speed their way to the place so named ; therefor * , * , Mr . Hamer has wronged me , _? o far as he wiahed , to make the inference a very truth . Trustinjrthat you will in « ertthe » _OOYeihtHC forth " earning Star , I remain yours , & C . M . J con , . Ncwcastle-on-Tync , Mar ch 16 , 1848 . . ' '
The Tyrannical "Coal Kings." To Tiie Bdi...
THE TYRANNICAL "COAL KINGS . " TO TIIE BDITOB Ol * THE NORTHERN STAR . Rmpkctkd Sir , —Allow me , through the pagwi oi the working man's paper , to draw the attention oi thc miners of Great Britain , and the public generally , to th _« following acts of fraud and _opprosioii wliich h a ve recently been enacted by a Mr . Henry J a ckson , coal-owner , of Barrrmor Colliery ( commonly called Biteabout ) , in the Berwick . district . The men here work under a yearly bond , extending from Whitsuntide to _WhitKuntide , without reference to the month ; and the prices which they are to be paid are generail ) ' inaorted ( or should he ) in Uie bond . The miliars are no parties to tho drawing up of ) in any cases , these infamous bonds . Tlie owners , or tlieir * '
_Jacksin-office , " draw them up , and the men are compelled to agree to them or lose their employment . Indeed , I am informed by tho men that , for years together , thc bonds , at some collieries in this district , were never read to the men at all ! Thus the men were compelled to hire to a bond which iuey knew nothing about ! I et these are called " Christian masters "" good members of society "—are " respectable " (?) , and Without ( lOubt would start back with horror if told they were robbing their workmen and living by fraud . Let us look further into this . A . t the last binding { 1845 ) the men generally in this district obtained a small advance of wages , 3 d . per "darg " ( day's work ) , and the masters , in consequence , rose the price of coals to the public OJd . per boll , stating
that they were ciimpelled to do this _oaa-jetney had risen their men ' s wages ! Now , an average " darg " is 43 bolls ; id . advance on 48 bolls would be 2 s ., therefore the masters—kind , benevolentsouls—purely o ut of love te th o colli e r s , quietly pocketed ls . _Dd . ot the advance g iv e n b y the public , and gave their slaves , as tlieir share , 3 d . ! % _ t they were compelled t o raise their co a l s one half penny per boll , b e cause they liad advanced the colliers' wages 3 d . per day ! In other wo r ds , they obtained seven-eighths of the advance from , the public , and allowed thoir men oneeighth 1 Besides this , the men are subjected to repeated fines and forfeitures , by which their hardearned wages are materially diminished . Let me now return to Mr . Jackson . At his last binding
( Whitsuntide , 1815 ) he agreed to pay ls . 6 d . per yard for "drift work , " and 2 d . per day extra tor wet work , yet he has only _jaaid , all the year , ls . per yard for tlie water-head dritt , and—nothing for wet work . Th * men have lately discovered thatit is inserted in the bond , " that ls . 6 d . per yard be paid for all drift work , and 2 d . por day extra for all wet work ; " and , as a natural consequence , the men have grumbled , and hard words have passed , and ill feelings have been engendered between master and men . So lately—to punish , I suppose , his complaining work men—he took the hone out of the gin by which the men are drawn up and let down _theshsft , a nd thus left the poor fellows in thi s pitiable condition , helpless , c old , and dri pping with wet , in t he bow e ls o f the earth ! The men thou began to work their way _eut
( erery moment iu danger of their lives ) through old workings , wor . \ ed twenty years ago , in danger at every step of being _sufRcatod with "black damp " fcarboni r * _Vfid ana } , fill at l « nu' _- ' _> * hi . v raatthaA * _hn " rise pit , where they founds rope hanging to a , windlass above . This rope was wet , mouldy , and tliey feared rotten , but on trying it , to their great joy , they found it sufficiently strong to bear a man . The next dilficuly was to climb the rope . After several failures this was accomplished by a boy , with the assistance of the men pushing him up from below with pieces of timber ; but when he got to bank he was notable to wind up a man , bo he ran off to a cotta g e for assistance , and by the aid of a pitman ' s widow one man was wound up , wl » o soon a _* sisted his brethren up .
Ihus wero these ill-used men rescued from their perilous situation . I dare not trust myself to comment on this unfeeling , brutal couduct of Mr . Jackson ; and I the more readily refrain , a s he wil l s oon have to answer for the same to thc laws of his country . However , let the public note well these _i-acts , and draw their own conclusions . Besides the above , Mr . Jackson has , for two _yeai-s past _, beon violating and setting at defiance ttie 3 th and Gth Victoria , cop . 1 ) 9 , clause 8 , by whicli he had forfeited not more than £ 50 , nor leas than £ 20 , for each offence . This Act is commonly call e d " Lord Ashley's Act ; " and it states that no coalowner shall employ any other than a male of the age of fifteen and upwards , in the management of
a gin , windlass , engine , & c , by which men are drawn up and let down a shaft ; yet this Mr . Jackson has , and is now , employing two boys at pits as gin-drivers—one only nine , and the other not thirteen years of ago ! The latter , too , has been empl o yed a s g in-driver two years . Now , w i ll it be believed , that on these men applying for redress to the magistrates , that the N o r th umber _'and magnates refused cithar to grant summonses or to re c « ivc informations ? But it was evon so ! The magistrates , four in number , refused to interfere . They told the mon to go home and settle it with tlieir master—they were none the worse for _beinjr left in tho pit ( nor for being robbed of thoir wages , I suppose !) , for none of them were killed ! So , it appears pitmen are not to obtain justice—until s o me of t hem a r e kill e d !! But , as the whole case is now placed in the hands of W . P . Roberts , Esq .,
the miners' able aud indefatigable attorney , I refrain from further comment . He , withou t d o ubt , will shortly teach both magistrates and master that justice is not to be withheld to please a coalkillg , nor men ' s lives be endangered , or their wages unlawfully stopped , without redress . A man d amu s is rather a curious thing for magistrates , and indictments and actions are rather puzzling things for even coal _kiBgs . The following are the names of the magistrates who refused to act -. —Henry Gregson _, Esq ., of Ford Rectory ; Rev . Christopher Robertson , of Kirknewton ; _Matthew Cully , Esq ., Kowberry-hall ; and George Hughes , Esq ., of _Middleton-hall—all in the county of Northumberland . 1 may here state that Mr . Gregson ( or Knight ) strongly advised the men , a b ove al l thin g s , to have nothing to do with , mc , but especially with Mr . Roberts ! Trusting you will insert this in the Star ,
I aro , dear sir , respectfully yours , Wm . Daniells , Ed . M . A . Spittal _, nearBerwick-on-Tweed , March 16 th , 1846 . P . S . —I should " have stated that when the master left the men in the pit he knew the pumping-engine was broke , and , consequently , the water was " making , " a s it i s call e d , in the pit ; indeed it was then only abuut fivo feet from the bottom of the shaft ! lie also well knew there was an " old wast , " eight fathoms deep , a bove th e m e n ' s _huads , and that the removal of a single stone by the men , in their efforts to escape , would bring " in this sea of water upon them , and thus cause the certain death of the wholo pit ' s crew !
Tho General Delegate Mocting Of Lancashi...
Tho General Delegate Mocting of Lancashire Miners will be held on Monday next , at the sign of the Millstone , _Pickley-green , near Leigh ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' cluck in the forenoon . There will also be a public meeting , which wijl be addressed by \ V . 1 ' . Roberts , Esq ., and several other gentlemen . The miners ot Bolton and its _tioinity are still out , and sewn more determined than erer .
Accident On Thk Maxciustb» Ard Birwisoha...
Accident on thk _Maxciustb » ard _Birwisohat _Railwat . —Two Mxn Killed . —On Tuesday an w quest was held at the Stoekuort Infirmary , on ths bodies of Charles Seal , aged twenty-four , a nd John Birtles , aged twenty-soven , who w « e killed with some ballast waggons on the _Mtocleifield branch of the Manchester ai , d Birmingham Railway , at Stockport , on Sunday afternoon . The jurv having de lib e r a ted u p on th eo vi d once , returned the following vwdict : — Accidentaldeath _, occasioned by the want ot sufficient Attention being paid to tho breaks " The jury recommended that competent individuals should , in future , be placed in charge of ihe breaks _, and that no stranger be allowed to ba on them . _Eviction or _Tenantry . _ On Tuesday last , we had the sheriff and twelve policemen from Abbeyten , turning out four families _noarBallinakill _. oa property belonging to Mrs . FitzmnM nf ii , ) i . _J ..
and the poor creatures aro living behind a few sods ! without any covering from th _» weather . It seems the tenants now ejected took the farms from a parson during Mrs . Fitzgerald ' s absence from this countiy that they paid their rent regularly , and wcre in rather conifortablo _circumstances . -Z «« 3 tcr Exprm . uie Limerick hxammtrsays- "Upon Sunday , atthe chapels of Ballingarry and Kilmallock , the sacrifice ot the Mass and prayers wero offered , beseeching tho Almighty to grant patience under their sufferings to » rty poor unfortunate pcrsons w _„ o had been evicted from theu * holdings . A subscription was subsequently made to relieve tho imnwdiato wants of thc poorer portion of them . The largest sufferer was a Widow
U Uoniicl , whose term of * farm of thirty-two acres expired with her Jmsbatui ' s life . She owed no rent , was able and _willing to pay rent in advance , aid gave the best security for its prospective payment ; but the only _alternative that was left her was to quit , with her four sons , and as many daughters , the spot which had been in possession of their ancestors for the la s t 15 0 _yearB . Fatal _lW : Fioiit . —On Wediwsday a _: prizeBgkt came off at Blyth , between two men named _Keily ai . tt Cleghorn , which proved fatal to th « former .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_21031846/page/1/
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