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THE NORTHERN STAR, ________ MakX'H 21. 1...
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EEO)£0*£^S COOFB&. THS CH AKTIST'S WORKS.
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MIL i\OftlHEKi\ STAK SATURDAY, MARCH 21. 1846.
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IRELAND. MURDER OF BRYAN SEERY. At a tim...
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THE TEN HOURS'BILL. On Wednesday next Mr...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. Tub dispute respec...
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TIIE POLISH STRUGGLE. " Freedom's battle...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
The Northern Star, ________ Makx'h 21. 1...
THE NORTHERN STAR , ________ MakX'H 21 . 1846 . -- * -- ' ~ mmmmmm —— _——^——— - — mm— - — -- — .-- —— - — - —mm— - * —————— ¦ , _., - ¦ -- — --- _•———• ' —»—¦——¦——¦ m i _» mn . i ¦ un , ———«———— ' ' ~ '" HUl
Eeo)£0*£^S Coofb&. Ths Ch Aktist's Works.
EEO _) £ 0 _* £ _^ S _COOFB & . THS CH _AKTIST'S WORKS .
Ad00407
( To ( To be had of John Cleave , and all booksellers . ) Just published , price Is . TWO ORATIONS AGAINST U . K 1 KING AWAY HUMAN LIFE , _rpDlTXDEU any Circumstances ; and in explanation and If d / defence of the misrepresented doctrine _of'Nouadstairistance . 1 ( Deliv-red ia the National HaU , Holborn , _fluic ethc evenings of February 25 th and March 4 th . ) < Chapman , Brothers , 121 , _Sewgate-street .
Ad00408
A _tiOOD FIT WARRANTED . UBSHKI . L AXD CO ., _Tailors , are now inaVm _* : up a complete _Sui _» « f _Superfine Black , any size , for £ 3 ; Superfine West of _Eazland Black , J _63 10 s . ; ami the very best _Superfine _Saxony , £ 5 . warranteii notto < p .. t or chant- clour . Juvenile Suj _« riine CJolh Suits , iis . ; Liveriese . _pi-. li y cheap—atthe Great Western Emporium , Xos . l .- < ii . i ;' , Oxfonl-a -irert . London ; llie noted house for good blat ! : rl _. nhs , and patent made _trousers . Gemlemtn can choose Uie _t-uluur and < juality of cloth from the large , ' , stock in Loudon . Tu .- . .-t of cutting taught .
Ad00409
i _wOLUSSrliJM . _-NOTlGE . _-l'lUCr : QF ADMISSION _DUftiXGr TllE UOLlDApll Day _Exhibition " * Evening Do ' 2 _x- Gi ' Children under Twelve Is-Stalactite Cav . ms ls - extra . 1 WE DAY _EXHIBITION consists of the Museum of Sculpture , Graud Picture of London , Alhambra Conservatories , Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , Classie Ruins , _Suiss Cottage and Mont Blauc , with Mountain Torrent , 4 c . ic . Open irom Ten till Four o ' Clock . EVENING . —The new and extraordinary Panorama of London hi Night , Museum of Sculpture , Conservatories , and Gorjreous Gothic Aviary , & , c , hrilliantly illuminated ; Swiss Cottage , Mont Wane , aiid Mountain Torrent represented by Moonlight . Open from Seven till a Quarteruaet Ten o'Clock .
Ad00411
DAGURREOTYPE AND CALOTYPE . THE _APPAKATIT . S , LE . _VS , CHEMICALS , PLATES , CASES , and every oilier articl- used in making- and mounting the above can ba had of J . Egerton , No 1 , _TempU-Mreet , _Whvtefriars , London . Descriptive Catalogues gratis . LEUBBOUltS * celebrated ACHROMATIC TRIPLET LENSES for the MICROSCOPE , sent to any part of the country at the following prices : —Deep Power , 00 s . ; Low Poirer , - a * . Every article warranted .
Ad00410
PATENT ENVELOPK . MOKG AS'S NEW VAtHM ENVELOPE will be _reaiiy in a few days . The Trade supplied with samples aud prices , by applying to Mr . Younghusbaud , Royal l ' _olytechuic _Institution , _Hejjeiit-street , London .
Ad00412
ROYAL MARVLEBONE THEATRE . LESSEE , _SU . JOHN _DODaLAiiS . _LEGITIMATE Week . Second week of Messrs . Abel awi _Tajhvf _wiili tbeir wonderful Dogs . To commence ou Monday aud Thursday with "Macbeth . " Macbeth , on Monday , Mr . Howard ; Macbeth , ou Thursday , Mr . Neville ; Lady Macbeth , Mrs . Campbell . On Tuesday and Saturday witli " Richard the Third . " Richard , on Tuesday , Mr . Rayner ; ou Saturday , Mr . Howard . Ou Wednesday and Friday , "Othello . " Othello , on Wednesday , Mr . llright ; Iago , Mr . Partington . On Friday an entire change . To be followed , on Monday aud _Thursday , by thc "Lucky Bog ; " _Mutapi , Mr . T . Lee . _Ott Tuesday aud Saturday , _«• Drawn lor the Militia . " ¦ Billy , Mr . T . Lee ; Natty , Mr . W . Phillip . Ou Wednesday and Friday , tlte ' * Omnibus . " Pat Hoouey , Or . T . Lee ; Tonuuj- Uobbs , Mr , W . Phillips To conelude every evening wi b " _Paddiugtou One Hundred Y . ars Ago , " in which Messrs . Abel aud Taylor , with tlieir _woudvrtul dogs , will appear . Stage Manager , Mr . Neville . Boxes , 2 s . ; Pit , Is . ; Gallery , 6 d .
Ad00413
Just published , by the Executive Committee of the Natioual Charter Association , Parti , of rpHE POLITICAL WORKS OF THOMAS PAINE JL to be regularly continued until completed . This edition of tlie works of Paine has tbe merit ot being the cheapest aud ntatest ever offered to the public . It will consist of five parts , stitched in wrapper , at sixpence each ; and wiil be embellished with a beamitul vignette ot' tbe author , engraved exclusively for _thia » vork . London : Cleave , 1 , Shoe-lane . N . B . Orders executed byT . M . Wheeler , General Secretary ; aud by the various Sub-secretaries throughout tbe country .
Ad00414
FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES . A GRAND FESTIVAL , consisting of Tea , Concert , aiidUaM , maid of the Funds of the Exiles' Restora-, liuu Committee , will be held in the elegant suite of _rotHUS tltthe l ' Att'rilESlim , 7 'i , St il » rtinVlane , Leicester-square ' on _TutSDAV . March - - _'tth , 1 S 16 _" . Tea on the table at Six o'Clock precisely . T . S . _Duncohcl ' _, Esq ., M . P ., will preside . The Ball "ill commence at Eight o'Clock . Tickets to tbe _Festival—Double tickets , 2 s . ; single , Is . od . To Ball aud Concert only—Double , ls . ; single , 9 d . Tickets can be obtained at the following places : — Mr . Parks , Little Windmill-street ; Milue , Unionstreet , Berlicley- _^ quare ; _Cutfay , 12 , Maideii-laue , Coventgarden ; Harris , 21 , Henry-street , _Hampstead-toad ; Overtoil , 13 , _Tabarnacle-roiv , _i'iuslmry ; Thorn , 2 . Vrospect-pla . ee , Uppei Barusbury-sireet ; Parker , news-agent , Harrow road , Fu 22 en , milkman , Margaret-sircet , _Wiliiiiugton-square ; Drake , Standard of Liberty , Brick-lane ; Watts , _Ishwgtou-green ; J . Shaw , 21 , Gloucester-street ,
Ad00415
PORTRAIT OF MR . O'HIGGINS . We have only tbis day received the portrait of Mr . O'flhjgins , which wiil be put into the engraver ' s hands without delay . Mr . O'lliggius' trial is , we believe , to take place in the Queen ' s _Ueiu-h about the _J ! hit of April ; and we hope to have the portrait ready hy that time . Ail who have seen it admit it to be a most striking likeness .
Mil I\Oftlheki\ Stak Saturday, March 21. 1846.
MIL i \ _OftlHEKi \ STAK SATURDAY , MARCH 21 . 1846 .
Ireland. Murder Of Bryan Seery. At A Tim...
IRELAND . MURDER OF BRYAN SEERY . At a time wheu the virtuous pi ess of England ia lavishing ils _> condemnation on tho culd-bluoded murders , not only _sauctioued , but invited and provokid , by the Austrian Government in Gallicia , it is but right t _*» turn attention to thc more civilised murders committed iu Ireland , under the sanction of law , and jusiiihd by ihe English press . What boo s it to the Widow Seery whether she lost her _husband ihii . ugli the influence of blood-money , held out as a
_icmptatiou to the assassin , or to _theiu'i _^ _sity ottering up a Catholic victim to appease the fears tf a murdering Protestant aristocracy ? Those who live hy _pandering to thu most morbid passions and worst of feelings are always most ready to moralise upon the actions of others . They piot ' eHs to shudder at wickcdnes commit ! eda-Jar off , while they gloat over scenes of devastation which tliey themselves have provoked at home . There is a _stvaug parallel between the cas , e
of Poland aud Ireland , as far as the _jjiiveriimoiit o t Ihe countries is concerned , while , beyond all comparison , the physical condition of the Irish people , —not judging from their present , but from tlieir invariable _state of poverty—is much woise than tbat of the Polish serfs . But as the murder of au innocent man is the Mibject under our present consideration , we shall not launch into any general _review of govern _, _ment-j or policy , but shall at once proceed with our subject .
It is admitted by all that religious feuds have been the main cause of Irish mis-government , and consequently of Irish distress . A kind of tacit compact appeared to exist between all classes of society , not _execptiutj even the moat rabid Orangeman , that sectarian differences should no longer distract the counsels of the State , and that theological disputations should give way to sound legislation . Thc rankling differences a'td irritating controversies betweeu Protestants and Catholics were being
characterised by a less intensity of angry feeling , and none seemed more to court this moderation , and to desire a cessation of hostilities , than thc _'/««« _newspiper ; hut , feufhi lest it had wounded and nitgl _n kili the goose with the golden egg , it seizes upon a most _infMicitous opportunity , i . ot only to raise the cry of" Xo Popery" once more , but to widen that unfortunate breach between Catholics and Protestants whieh ali seemed to deplore : and every oue de-Sired tu arrest .
Since Bivax Seery was murdered , the rones has laboured hard at its vocation to defend his murderers , and , iu _itsanxii ty to _jttstifv the foul deed , haa
Ireland. Murder Of Bryan Seery. At A Tim...
not _shrunkfrom the publication of _themost atrocious and scandalous libels against the Roman Catholic elergy and the Roman Catholic people of Ireland . It is not many weeks since it became our duty to analyse the legal defence set up by the Times on behalf of its Protestant clients , when we showed that a desire to convict Sbert had betrayed the writer into an exposure of his own legal ignorance ; and having since discovered that the question was now interesting to every Englishman with a particle of justico or humanity in iiis breast , tliat journal , en Saturday last , published the following atrocious libel against the Rev . Mr , Savage , the confessor of the murdered man , Ills twenty . nine coadjutors , and their diocesan , Dr . Cantwell . The following is the letter to which _vfe refer , and to which , and our
comment thereon , we call the attention of our readers * . — " Sir , —As a lover of truth and justice , I enjoyed your mauly ani able defence of the proceedings in the case of tue late Bryan Seery . I therefore think it due to tne vindication oi the administration of our law , the character ot the jury , and , indeed , ot the unfortunate victim himself , for victim he was to the anti-Christian genius of Popery , to make you acquaimed with what 1 have heard and believe to have been the real facts of the case . The statement respecting Seery ' s tenancy _and subsequent settlement with Sir Francis Hopkins is true , and the treatment ofthe latter nroduced in Seery ' s mind respect and
gratitude , hut Seery was a Ribandman . The membets of that society take an onth oi implicit obedience to the committee ur superiors ; and by reason ot its being voluntary , and invested , as tbey suppose , with a religious _ftue , they esteem it more sacred than any other obligation . Sir _francis Hopkins was tried , found guilty , and sentenced to death for some subsequent evictions ol cottiers ; aud lots were drawn amongst tlie parties supposed to be aggrieved at a meeting of the society ; the lot fell ou Seery . His
_companion , the second man a : tho offence , was appointed to see that he did not flinch from iiis duty , tus own deatu and violation of his oath , which he more abhorred , would be the consequence of refusal ; beery , therefore , resolved to undertake the supposed duty , but , true to the lax morality and Jesuitical teuo ' jing -if his pastors , resolved likewise to lire wiue of the mark , which ho accordingly did . This fact will accouut for the declaration , oft repeated , of his innocence of the crime of which he was accused , namely , filing with intent to kill .
"There can be dtile if any doubt that these facts ave well known to Mr . Savage and his diocesan , Dr . Cantwell , aud the 00 priests who joined in the requiem to this ' innocent' victim . But what can be ttiought of the system that has so blinded the moral sense of these 30 persons—what of the spiritual tyranny that holds up as a martyr the victim whom they doomed to an ignominious death to preserve their power over men ' s minds , and have an opportunity of libelling the laws and British institutions aud connexion ' i " I am , Sir , yours obediently , "R . M . "
The above is characteristically signed " It . M ., ' and which , we presume , means ' Real Murderer . " We are justified in this supposition , because " tt . M . " admits himself to be an accessory after the fact , and all accessories iu murder are held in law to be principals . Now for a word of comment upon this letter ; this ruffian thinks it due to the vindication of the law , to the character of thejury , and INDEED TO
THE UNFORTUNATE VICTIM HIMSELF , to make the Times acquainted with the facts . Sweet , amiable sympathy lor the character of the unfortunate victim ' . lie says , "that Seery was a victim to the ANTI-CmtlS'iTAiV GENIUS OF POPERY . " We would ask the Real Murderer , how _tuawy thousands of poor Seery ' s faith have heen victims to the _anti-christian genius of Protestantism ? In this advocate ' s attempt to defend Sir Francis Hopkins as a landlord , he is obliged to admit the fact , that Several poor cottiers , as well as Sueky , had been victims to this best of landlords . Ilo then goes on to state , with minuteness , the manner in
which Sir Francis Hopkins was doomed to death , and the mode in which the sentence was to be carried into execution , lie says , " his companion , the second man at the offence , was appointed to see that he did not Hindi from his duty , his own death and violation of his oath , WHICH HE MORE ABHORRED , would be the consequence of his refusal . " Nuw , then , let us criticise those words , aud let us take them in connection with a _passage in a ptevious article iu tun Times , to the eftiiut that , lifter all , the law was of man ' s creation , and to the same agency the culprit looked for release . But what will now
be said or thought ot the disregard sought to he attached to the dying words of a man to whom death itself was preferable to tiie VIOLATION OF HIS OATH ? Can we suppese the most hardened wretch capable of preferring death to the violation of his oath , and so tender of life , as to fire wide of his v . _clitu rather than at him ; so blunted in feeling , so depraved in heart , so regardless of a future state , aud the consequences of dying with a lie upon his lips—can we , we say , affix the sin of perjury to his God , to whom his last confession was made through his pastor , to one whom the Real Murderer has proved to have been so tenacious of an oath and so tender of
lite ? What a thread the sophist would hang his condemnation of Seery upon ! that his innocence was pleaded by iiis having find wide of the mark , whereas he was charged with liriHg with intent to kill . Tho laxity in Seery ' s morals is ascribed to the fact of Ids being a Ribandman , and the consequent necessity of complying with the km of that association . Of this there is uo proof ; we have the mere assertion , but we shall use it as an argument to refute the scandalous libel against tiie thirty Catholic clergymen and the Rev . Dr . _Camwsll . Now , it is a well-known fact , that the priesthood of Ireland have , almost to a man , set their
faces agaiust , and optuly denounced , Ribandism , and , therefore , the fact of Seery being a Ribaudmau would not only hare diminished the sympathy , but would have aroused the suspicion ef Mr . Savage , and would have made him more scrupulous in his examination and preparation of the victim . We havo asserted _bcfoie , and we repeat it , that no Roman Catholic who has Jed the most depraved life has , in the last awful moment , when standing upon the brink o _* eternity , withheld one , even the blackest transaction oi that life , from his confessor . We have further added , that there is not an instance upon record of a Roman Catholic clergyman expressing * sympathy for
one who has been adjudged to death upon clear and _unuiistakeable evidence . And upon these two facts alone , apart from the illegal trial of Seery , the doubtful , contradictar . , unsatisfactory , aud conflicting evidence against him—the uncuistiiutiomil mode of trial , aud the lucid , clear , and unequivocal evidence given in his defenee , would of themselves purge our iniud of all and every doubt of his innocence . It will be seen that ar . English Chartist bar-I'ister , who read the trial attentively and cautiously , ha _« subscribed a oouud for thu relief of the widow and
orphans . Will tlie Real Murderer say that Ite , too , is « victim to the lax morality of Popery , or thathe wishes to see licensed barbarism supersede tbe constitutional law , of this country ? Ah ! it is well , it is philanthropic and Christian-like , to express a high sounding horror for thc victims of aristocratic barbarity , wllile the national religion of an Irishman , which neither the terror of the most sanguinary laws , the fear ot thu bayonet , uor the dread of the scaffold can change or uestroy , is advanced as presumptive evidence _iuzainst an Irishman .
As the Real Murderer has taken upon himself tho office of Catholic censor , has he ever takou the trouble to compare the cleanness of thc Irish Catholic clergy , with the filth , the sodomy , the lust , the ince . « . t _, the adultery , the drunkenness and depravity practically inculcated by the State Church priesthood of England ? If those things narrated by him with such plausiblo precision and conciseness are so well known to him as to justify hint in using them as the condemnation of Skkuy and the Roman
Catholic clergy , and in justification of Sir Francis Hoi-kiss—ifhekuew that Seery was to have been the marksman , lie also must know who the second is command was ; he must know ( or he must bo a liar for stating what he docs not know ) all about thc mode in whieh Sir Francis _Uoi-kins was doomed to die , and he is a murderer by withholding those tacts from the public . He expresses anxiety to do justice to the character of the victim himself . Let him then , in justico to the character of Sir Francis Hopkins , of tho jury , and of tlie _oflemled law , come forward
Ireland. Murder Of Bryan Seery. At A Tim...
and establish upon evidence what he has dared to publish under the protection of seeresy as to his name . The writer then proceods with , tho following atrocious libel against Dr . _Cantweu . and the thirty priests who joined in the requiem to tho murdered man ; and we assert , without fear of contradiction , thata more gross and scandalous libel never appeared in print , and that a jury of English Protestants , under the direction of Lord Chief Justico Dxnmas , would fiat our opinion by a verdict of Guilty against the libeller . He proceeds thus— " But what can be thought of tho system that has so blinded the moral sense of these thirty persons—what of the spiritual tyranny that holds up as a martyr the victim whom thoy doomed to an IGNOMINIOUS DEATH , TO
PRESERVE TLIEIR POWER OVER MEN'S MINDS , and have an opportunity of libelling the laws and British institutions and connexion ? " We will add but a word to this climax—and what can be thought of the ruffian who _profesies a thorough knowledge of the circumstances interesting to ail mankind , and who yet has the dastardly cowardice to withhold proof of them from tho world ? Or wha can be thought of a base and brutal press , which _, under the protection of an anonymous slanderer , would seek to fabricate facts to aid in the defence of tho murderers of an innocent man . While thc press of the factious teems with libels upon the dead , and those who would rescue their names from the world ' s
censure , it shall be our task to take tho mask of hypi'ocrisy off the murderers , and to expose their hypocritical advocates to the criticism of sound opinion and tho punishment of self-reflection . This last murder of an Irish Catholic shall not be hastily forgotten , nor shall English sympathy cease until English Chartism has established its first monument in Ireland , _ by locating the widow and orphans in * habitation of their own , from wliich tyrants cannot drive them , or tyrants' laws eject them .
Tiie people are too much in the habit of . resting satisfied with the mere temporary expression of tbeir horror of such deeds ; but if they will prevent their recurrence , they must seek justice in Beason and out of season , for every victim who falls by the hand of the _assassin , whether it bo the Austrian bloodhound or the anti-Catholic Saxon law . No ! Seery ' s murder shall neither be forgotten nor _forgiven .
The Ten Hours'bill. On Wednesday Next Mr...
THE TEN HOURS'BILL . On Wednesday next Mr . Fikldkn brings on his motion ibr a Ten Hours' Bill . A motion which , if properly understood by the working classes , and unimpeded by free trade millowners , would be looked upoii by the nation at large as of paramount importance , even of greater importance than all tho measures that have been discussed since the meeting # f Parliament . It is strange that tliat portion ot the press which , when in _. _opposition to government , made
_advecacy ofthe Tea Hours' Bill a sine _qmnon in the qualification of representatives , has now , since its adhesion to the Pem , administration and the Pwi , policy , become mute upon the subject . It is not Jess strauge , however , that those ot * tlio working classes who profess a desire for its accomplishment , should anticipate more beneficial results from the canvassing of individual members , than from public exposure of the atrocities under the present system * and from appeal to the interests , if not the feelings , ofthe middle classes generally .
The Ten Hours' Bill delegates now in London would vainly hope to achieve their object without Chartist intervention ; and , believing _th-it victory is within their roach , they would deny participation in the glory to their Chartist brethren . We tell them , however , that every movement made in advance by Sir _RouiiRT Peel , every " bid" offered by Lord John Russell , and every forward step taken by parties and public men , are all so many confessions of Char _tist strength — so many tributes to the undying persevfirance . of Chartism ; nnd that from the Chartist body alone can emanate such an agitation , ( iwlsuch a direction of the national mind , as can insure the success of any national project . It is true ,
that while they advocate peace and moral appliances alone , that they have been denounced as destructives by a profligate press and by interested slanderew _. It is true , tuat while they advocate temperance , they have been branded as drunkards . It is true , that wiiilu they deny the right of one man to interfere with the religion of another , that tliey have been branded as iufidels and Socialists ; aud it is true , that while they are the creators of all wealth , and have , therefore , the greatest interest in its preservation , that they have been stigmatised as the de . stroyers of property . But , it is als > true , that no party in the Stato _. save the Chartist party , represents thu national mind ofthe country .
Why , then , upon this critical and all-important subject , seek to strip the question of its fairest plumage , to denude it of its greatest strength ? We invited tlie country to elect a Convention to sit in Loudon previous to the introduction of Mr . FiEuDii . v ' s motion , which would iiave bespoke the national will , hut tlie Sliorfc Time Committee , in obedience to a paltry policy , and from a dread of running counter to the interests and prejudices of some free trade em . plovers , have hoped to con line this national flame within the precincts of free trade toleration . We tell them , lis wo have often told them before , that this is
a boon that must be forced from tlieir fears , and that will never be conceded by their love of j ustice . They boast of wealth , and can command ample funds to deluge the couutry with tracts , establishing the right , the justice , and tlio propriety of tho measure . We _hitve furnished them ourselves with topics for volumes . We have brought the subject under ita two most important heads , _KESTltlCTIOiV and DISTRIBUTION , within the compass of the meanest understanding . We have sliewn , which they may more familiarly illustrate , that this measure
would place LABOUR the PARENT , and CAPITAL the CHILD , in their just , their proper , and _legitimate relation one to the other . That it would go far to relieve the real middle classes , the shopkeeping community , and small traders from thc imposition of poor rates , police rates , and local legal expenses , now multiplied to an enormous araoUUt by thc cupidity , the caprice , and injustice of leviathan capitalists , who direct anil controul machinery for their own individual _bettefiA , l'eg _' . _vrdles' _s o A * the hardship that their monopoly imposes upon their inferiors in wealth and station .
We have shown Uo \ v tiie measure YiouM atviw the labour-market of its present idle reserve , and thr » w the unwilling _idlera into honourable and emulative , instead of ; disgraceful and injurious , competition in the labour-market . We have shown how the hours diverted from toil to mental improvement would advance the moral , and consequently the social and physical condition of the peoplo . We have shown how the change would conduce to the moral elevation of the
women of England and the children of England , and we have refuted the libellous assertion that the hours spared from toil would bo devoted to drunkenness and dissipation . But if we want an argument that eonics home to the mind of every man who is compelled to sell his labour to another , do we roquire more than tiic fact that Bright and the free traders , Fox and the pious preachers , with their tribe ol hired lecturers and their prostitute press , arc the sternest opponents of thc measure .
Must not the continuance of tho present system be considered of paramount importance to tho ownors ot machinery , when a pious liuaker will disgrace himself by the expression of wilful falsehood in the Senate-house to ¦ maintain it ? We have made a calculation which , if put forth to tho world by the Short Time Committee , must have insured the co-operation ofthe m idil _lecliissea in favour of a Ten Hours' Bill . Wo have laboured hard to prove , AND WK HAVE PROVED , that the unjust accumulation of an over _, grown fortune by oue man , which legitimately belongs to , ami sliould be distributed among , those who have produced it , is an act of the greatest injustice to the shopkecpitig community . And we have proved , that of all the _int-en-sis most at variance , are those of
The Ten Hours'bill. On Wednesday Next Mr...
the millowners and the shopkeepers . We have shown that £ 50 , 000 a-year , divided amongst 2 , 000 individuals , would he more p rofitably expended among the shopkeepers in a district , than the same sum usurped as the lion ' s share by one employer . If ever there was a time when Parliament was ready to legislate favourably upon this subject , it is now ; and if ever the mind of the middle classes of London was ripe to hear argument upon the subject , it is tke present ; when remission of labour in comparatively insignificant employment is demanded by shopmen and others , and acquiesced in . by their employers .
Never was there uo great a question preceded by such culpable apathy . The working classes , who now toil their very lives out , and bring on a premature old age , to be spent unheeded and uneared for in the loathsome bastile , should not lose the opportunity which oven yet presents itself of backing the measure by their petitions . There ia not a man who feels an interest in tho restoration of Frost . Williams , and J ones , who should not feel an equal interest in the reduction ofthe hours of labour ; and on their behalf 3 , 000 , 000 of signatures wcre presented , witli less than ten days' notice , to the House of Commons . The same number of _sicnatures would secure a Ten
Hours' Bill , and the working classes have yet from Saturday to Tuesday inclusive , four days , to aid Mr . _Fikldux in his struggle . If the time is lost , the fault will bo theirs , not ours . For weeks past we have endeavoured to arouse the working classes to a sense of their duty upon thc subject ; and if they fail in its performance the fault is theirs , not ours . Apart from all other considerations , we wish for two hours spare time each day , in order that the factory slaves may have the recreation of visiting the freeman ' s habitations , which we hope to establish in their respective neighbourhoods , for contrast between thc life of the slave and the free labourer .
Of this , however , we are certain , that neither the dread of a government , the cupidity of employers , nor the timidity of the labouring classes , can much longer withhold a measure which justice , morals , Christianity , humanity , and even common decency so loudly calls for .
Parliamentary Review. Tub Dispute Respec...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . Tub dispute respecting the Oregon territory was formally brought tefore the House of Lords on Tuesday by the Earl of _Cmbesdon , who moved for the production of such portions of the correspondence between the Foreign Office and our Minister at Washington , as the Earl of Aberdees might think it consistent with the public weal to Jay before Parliament . The tone of the speech by whicti this motion was introduced was worthy of a statesman of a powerful couutry , which deprecates , but dees not fear , a wax ; and which , though prepared to take any
reasonable step by which the enormous evils which must ensue from hostilities between two such countries as England and America may be averted , is , at the same time , fully determined to maintain its own _rijjhta and dignity against ali unjustifiable claims , or unwarrantable aggressions . The whole conduct of this couutry , with reference to this dispute , contrasts most favourably with that of America , and we make the confession with no small mortification . It is painful to us to see the greatest Republic of ancient or modem times imitating the worst features of monarchical _brigandage . The history of the Old World is
full oi * the misery , crime , and bloodshed which have arisen from the all-grasping covetousness of its rulers , and their attempts to aeize upon the territories o t ethers . One _would have thought that at this time of day the people aud the statesmen of the New World would not have had to learn the lesson , that the wellbein _^ of a nation does wot so much depend upon its territorial extent as upon the just administration of wiseand equitable laws , and the maintenance of institutions calculated to secure internal prosperity aud comfort . The " earth hunger" by which our transatlantic neighbours are devoured , is all the more
lamentable when it is recollected that of the immense territory already in their possession , how large a portion yet lies unreclaimed from the primeval wildness of nature , or is but scantily inhabited by the haidy backwoodsmen , tbe first pioneers of civilisation . In their yet unsettled boundless prairies , and dark forests , they possess the means of locating » population equal in amount to that of the great empire of the East ; and a quarrel for a few thousand more acres of soil , which can only be reached by traversing a dreary , and in some places an almost impassable desert of upwards of two thousand
miles , seems not only utterly unreasonable , but of the most deplorable description . Lord _Clarkndon powerfully put the position assumed by England in this unhappy dispute , when he said , that in proposing to submit thc whole question of our claims to arbitration , we had given the best proof to the world that we had advanced none , in the justice of which we were not ablo to confide ; and that , however confident we were in the belief that these claims were well founded , we were at the same time so little desirous of obstinately adhering to them , that we were quite willing to have the whole ease submitted to an
impartial tribunal . That the government of the United States will persevere in rejecting this offer of arbitration , appears to us , as was well expressed by Lord _Claresuos , " A moral impossibility , for theic could not be found in tho records of any nation an act more wicked than that two countries bound together by the strongest reciprocal ties , should , owing TO THE REFUSAL OF KVKRV _l'KACBFOL OFFER liX OXE OF thkm , go to war about an almost unoccupied territory , the whole value of wldctt . could not compensate for one \
single month of war and ite evils . " This is the tone which we could havo _wialied to hear the Democracy of the Now World speak on such a quostion , thereby showing to the old monarchies that Democracy is identical with " peace on earth and goodwill towards men ; " and leading on by moral example the other nations of the earth to the adoption of those political principles and institutions which practically _veat thc government in the hands of the whole people , substituting the rule of the Many for the despot sni of the Few .
The firm but conciliatory speech of Lord _Clauenpon drew fot'tU a _eautvova but equaUy temperate reply from Lord Auerdkkn , who said that , believing war wa » the _greatest calamity that could befall a nation , and the yreatot crime _geiitraUt * that a nation can commit , every effort consistent with national honour would be made to avert it . He entertained a _strong hope of bringing the matter to a satisfactory conclusion -, and if , unfortunately , this was not the case , he was determined that not only sliould the entire people of this country acquiesce in the propriety of the war , but that our proceedings should be of that conciliatory , just , and moderato character , which would secure the sympathy and approbation of every state in Europe , and of the whole civilised world .
On Wednesday the Fever Bill , introduced by Sir James Graham , was discussed , and a strong representation as to tho necessity of a Poor Law for Ireland , upon the principle of tho statute of Elizabeth , was made by Mr . Wakley , Such a law would make the support of the destitute fall where it ought to doupon the land and property of Ireland . It is the first duty of property to find employment ; and when it fails to fulfil this duty , it devolves upon the State to compel its discharge . Let the landowner know , that as often as he gives a tenant notice to quit , he is
adding ono more to the roll of out-door employment , or relief by the parish , the rates to pay for which must comb out of his pocket , and he will become more chary in his evictions , more solicitous of _findinc the means of profitably employing those whom he must keep either inactive industry or forced idleness . Still , though we agree with Mr . Wakley that the employment and feeding of the people by means of their own industry , thus < aXM into exercise by a perception on the part of the owners „ f property that it u for their interest that the people should be
industrious , not idle , and crmsPm , _™* 4 v . i „ 0 _i-u ,. _f » .... industrious , not idle , and consequently destitute , we cannot refuse to the bill of the government onr approbation , so far as it goes . In itself , it is not _suili cient for the exigencies of Ireland , but , taken in
Parliamentary Review. Tub Dispute Respec...
connection with other measures introduced for the relief of Irish suffering , and the _tsne of government on Irish questions generally , we accept it as an omen of better days , and better legislation for that unfortunate and oppressed country in future . If there is anything which we could wish to see added to the Fever Bill , it would ] be a clause extending to operatives in England and Scotland . Typhus is a perennial plague in all our
great cities , and annually kills more persons than all that fell by the slaughter of Waterloo . Of the misery , destitution , orphanhood , and widowhood which it causes , few can have any conception , who have not practically examined the districts in which it commit ** its ravages . The attempts to arrest these ravages ought not to bo left to individual oharity , but be undertaken by the State , which » hould institute not ouly curative but preventive
measures . Since last week the Protectionists have recovered their courage , and instead of making _speeches whicli , like the passages in old houses , lead to nothing , have followed up their opposition by divisions upon the silk , brandy , cattle , and other items in the new tariff . Another great battle is promised by Lord G . Bentinck upon timber . In every case the Protectionist party hare been beaten by varying
majorities ; although , we certainly think , that in the ease of silk the decision was one of numbers , and not of argument . The facts adduced by Mr . Bank . es , and Mr . _Brockleuurst , one of the largest manufacturers in the country , as to the effects of free trade upon the wages and comforts ofthe operatives employed in the silk trade , were , in our opinion , but slenderly met by the vague generalities of Sir Geo . Clerk and Sir R . Peel . Indeed , some of the free traders themselves admitted that there were circumstances
connocted with this trade which almost called for ite exemption from their favourite system . But , for the time being , the star of Free Trade is in the ascendant . Its doctrines are the mania of thc hour ; and thc Premier , backed hy the League , the Whigs , and the 112 Conservative gentlemen , who , as Mr . D'Isuaeli sarcastically says , " have becomo the regenerators of their country by changing their opinions , " bears down all the opposition of his quondam friends . Their courage under these circumstances is really wonderful ; the dogged obstinacy with which , night after night , they keep up their un _« availing struggle , though wearisome , is thoroughly English in its charaoter . " Even though vanquished , they can arguo still . "
Tiie Polish Struggle. " Freedom's Battle...
TIIE POLISH STRUGGLE . " Freedom ' s battle once begun , Bequeathed bv bleeding sire to son , Though baffled oft , is ever won . "— Bykon . Poland breathes , even struggles—there is life and hope yet . Though Cracow is lost , and some hundreds of additional martyrs sleep in their bloody shrouds , we cannot despair of Poland ; no , nor yet even of the ultimate success of the present struggle .
In our latest edition of last Saturday ' s Star we gave publicity to a document purporting to be an " Address of the Polish Committee to the British People . " We published that address , not because we approved of it , but because we desired to publish all that related to the Polish struggle , and especially all that the Poles _misht have to say for themselves It would have been well , however , had that address never seen the light . It has been " a heavy blow and sore discouragement" to the friends of Poland .
In their address , this " Polish Committee" say , " Poland is in arms . She is in arms , not for thi sake of any wild theories of government , but for the sake of that which is admitted to be a right by every _reasoner , and felt as an instinct by every mannational existence . She is in arms , not for the purpose of replacing one form of government by another , but forthe aake of freeing herself from the dominion of foreigners . " Now , once for all , let us tell thia "Polish Committee , " that if Poland is inarms
merely for the sake of nationality , such a cause will not meet with the sympath y of the great mass of the British people . We desire the restoration of Poland ' s nationality , because we believe that restoration to be one of the necessary means to the great end of Poland ' s regeneration . But the mere nationality of Poland—that is , the substitution of tho tyranny of Polish aristocrats for tho tyranny of Nicholas , Ferdinand , and Frederick William , has none of our sympathy . We war against systems
rather than men * , vie only war against men , when , as the supporters of bad systems , they render their own destruction necessary in order that the systems they support may be destroyed . Tyranny is tyranny all the world over , and if the mass of the Polish people are to be trampled on , it matters little whether their tyrants are Poles or Russians . The " Polish Committee " repudiate " wild theories of government . " This is the cant always employed by aristocrats to conceal their hatred of justice . We know what thia
language means . The Cracow manifesto proclaimed tlie abolition of all privileges , universal citizenship , the destruction of class property in land , the right of every man to the products of his own industry and fraternity with all men . These , according to the "Polish Committee" in London , are all "wild theories . " Under the guise of invoking _Briiish sympathy , they have issued a counter-revolutionary address , which can hardly fail to injure the cause of which they arc the professed champions .
But who are the men that compose this "Polish Committee ? " Do they really _representee Polish emL grants residing in England ? Net at all . They are but a faction and a fraction of the Polish emigration . They are the King . Adamites , or partisans of Prince _Czaetorvski , who wish to impose a king on Poland They are but a fraction of the emigration , both in France and England , and their sentiments are abhorrcd by the great mass of the emigrant Polos who are democrats . But if so , it may bo askedWhy
, have not the democratic Poles replied to the counterrevolutionary address of the " Polish Committee ?" Because , under present circumstances , such a reply would have a bad effect ; it would exhibit disunion amongst the Poles themselves , which would be fatal to their cause . We , therefore , think that the Polish democrats have acted wisely and discreetly in abstain * ing at presold * trom . pviitesUtig against the sentiments of the five aristocrats calling themselves the " Polish Committee . "
A few words more to the A ' t " _ng-.-trfa _« u ' te » , and we have done with them . Tliat they , a small minority of the emigration absent from Poland , should go through the farce of electing a king for their countrymen , is the " wildest theory" of government we ever heard tell of . We saw recently that Prinee _Czar-Toiivsit had abdicated his pretensions to the throne of Poland , Is so doing he acted discreetly , and we advise his partisans not to attempt to induce their chief to resume the pretensions he has laid aside . Let them , with becoming modesty , leave it to the Polish people to choose their own government , which , we doubt not , will be a government based on thc great principle of the Cracow manifesto —justice to all , privilege to none !
Wc said at the commencement of this article , that we did not despair ofthe success , even of the present struggle . That the Russian , Austrian , and Prussian Despotisms are conspiring to prevent Western Europe being informed of the facts ofthe struggle is very evident . The Gorman papers publish only the new 3 supplied to them by the government officials , under the jealous supervision of the censorship . The Prussians and . Austrians have established a double line of troops along the whole of the frontiers , so that the news-gatherers for tho French and English journals can learn little or nothing of what is pasting . Ono thing is certain , that a large body of the patriots have entrenched themselves in the defiles of the
Carpathian mountains ; they are said to number three thousand , but it is probable that they are afc least double that number . In tho Carpathian nioun . tains they arc in communication with Gallicia on the one side , and Hungary on thc other , in both of which the materials of revolution abound . The Carpathian mountains are full of difficult passes and defiles , and thc Poles may hold out for almost an indefinite period . It must be e vident that but a slight success
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_21031846/page/4/
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