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*"" ' F(;R the ' WOJUIKG MILLIONS.
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THE NORTHERN STAR, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 39, 1848. .
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THE FELON GOVERNMENT. We are not incline...
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THE CHARTIST TRIALS. We cannot call too ...
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MIDDLE - CLASS LEGISLATION AND REMEDIES ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
¦ R Tt Imtji^^
¦ r _Tt _iMtJi _^^
*"" ' F(;R The ' Wojuikg Millions.
*"" ' F (; R the ' _WOJUIKG MILLIONS .
Ad00409
A HOME FOB BYSBT INDUSTMOUS MAN AND HIS FAMILY . . UNITED PATRIOTS ** AND PATRIARCHS ' POU 1 TABLE LAND AND BUILDING BENEFIT SOCIETY , Enrolled wa Empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over tbe United Kingdom .
Ad00410
_ArirtWL—T . S . DracoMBB , Bid ., M . f . _Taosus Wauxt , Esq ., M . P . B . B . Cabmix , Ei « ., M . P . _^ _T _^ Ho 1 » Tottenham Conrt , New Bowl , St Panoras , London . _—Dahisl _Wiuuh Born , Secretary
Ad00411
# _«'"¦ " ¦ —i * mmmmmmmmmmmmmm-- * _** --imm mWmmmmammmmmm mmm ~ mWm' —m **~~ _^ _" _^^ _~^ _AxuKcra w Tb * kb Sicwoiu —Value of Snares and Payment * for Inverters . Fall Share ... ¦ £ 120 payment ef 2 s . fid . per Week , or lOi . 63 . per Hon * HaU Share ... 60 — i 2 _J — * 8 — Quarter Share ... 3 t » — 0 7 _J — . 8 _J — Aoolicaots are _wqaee ' _-ed to irate la their form the seotion they desire to be a member of . v Kb Sramott ' , Sohcitois \ or _-sntiniom Free . mn -m-nt Entrance Fee , including Certificate , Bides . * c , is 4 s . per Share , and 2 s . for any part ef a Share . TOP Price of Bolts , including _Postage , ls . OBJECTS . 1 . * To enable members to balld Dwelling Houses . 1 5 ft—To give to depositing members a higher rate of lrt .- ToenaMememDersw ™ uQ _« « _" » s fewest than ii yielded by ordinary modes of investment . _Sai—To afford the means of purchasing both Free- 6 _^_ To e _ P < treBt _ to ___& _, Endowments for bold and Leasehold Properties or Lind . their Cnlldren , ot Husbands for their Wives , or for Mar-Srd . —To advance _Mortgages on Property held by _rf _^ Settlements . U _gabeta . 7 th . —To purchase a piece of Freehold Land of _sufj . « . t _« _( _maUaMortia-rorsbein g members to _wdtem fident value to give a legal title to a County Tote fer _~ - _« J _£ . « _mT Members of Parliament _, their Mortgages . >
Ad00412
SwrioH I . By joining tbis _seotion every person in town or couatry can become the proprietor ofa House a & d Land in his own neighbourhood , without being removed from his Friends , _Conntxions , or the _presentmeans _Umtetf and family may have of gaining a livelihood . _^^ _Sectiok II " —To raise a capital by shares to purchase Estates , erect Dwellings thereon , and divide the l _« id into _silotaents from half an aero upwards , in or near the towns of the various branches of _f-e society . The property to be the bona _/* freehold of the member after sixteen , eighteen , or twenty year * , from the date ef location , according te his subscriptions . ... _» SicnoH . lit—Saving or Deposit section , in which members not wishing to pnrcbaseMe enabled to Invest ¦ sail sums , from 7 | d . and upwards , receiving interest at the rate of 5 per cent , per annum , on every sum of 10 s . as ? Howards eo depoiited . ,
Ad00413
_SmbstrW & _m Office . — 492 , _Naw _OxroiD-STasBT , where Meetings are held , and Members enrolled , fi every _WtoaiaDiv _Evehiho , from Eight to Ten o ' clock .
Ad00414
H B —From £ SM to £ 50 will be advanced to tbe members of tbe first Section ia December next , when aH « ersons ~ wbo have aad may become members for Shares , or parts of Shares , on or before the 8 rd of December _aex _^& _nd w ho pay six months' subscriptions in advance , or otherwise , will be _ellgiblefor an advance .
Ad00415
ALSO , FOB THB WOBKlNO MILLIONS IN CONNEXION WITH THE ABOVE , THE _LOTTED PATRIOTS' AND PATRIARCHS' BENEFIT SOCIETIES . ¦ Enrolled _nnrsuant to Aot of Parliament , thus seenriag to its members the protection of tbe law ibr their funds and property . Legalised to _extender the United Kingdom , with the _privilege of appointing _Medicrf Attendants , Agents , & c . An opportunity is now offered to healthy persons , np te Forty _Tesrs of Age , of joining these flourishing Institutions in town or conntry . _V-woox Omcs , —13 Tottenham Cenrt , New Boad , St Pancras , ( thirteenth house eastward from Tottenham ' Court Bead ) . — Damxi Wiuiii Boot , Secretary . -
Ad00416
Patrons . —T . S . Bokcowb , Es « ., M . _P . T . _Waxtti , Em ., M . P . B . B . _Csaaitt , _Esd ,. M . P . F . O'Cohiiob , _Esu ., M . P L . J . Hmsaw , Esq .
Ad00417
In tbe _sbertspace of feur years these societies have paid the following benefits to their members . _SDIOUBT 07 CUM 8 . _Sleteesa and Superannuation ... ... ... £ 2674 1 8 } Acoouchments ... ... «•• ••• ••• ' 39 15 0 funerals ... «•• ••• ••• '" * _™ * Loss by Fire ... ... •¦• »•» 84 13 0 JB 4854 7 91 Present Capital fended in the Bank of England ... £ 1789 12 2 These Societies are In six divisions or sections , far the Membera to receive the following Benefits according to _ttelr _Subscription * : — PIBST DIVISION . i FOTJBTH DIVISION . nrranceaecordinetoaee , from 5 s . to 10 s . Monthl y Con-1 Entrance , according to age , from 8 * . 6 d . to 8 s . 6 d , to & ntion for Sicknessand Management , 2 s . 74 Monthly Contribution for Sickness aad Management . ______»* « S _» 4 u _« £ e . d . _aia—)—ice . in Sickness , per week .. .. 0 18 0 £ ¦ . d . K _« _Mod . r .. - -- so 0 0 Allowance in Sickness , per week .. .. 09 o _pjttoTfaVeer Nominees ditto .. .. 10 0 0 _Members Funeral .. .. .. - .. 10 0 0 _lrWaLvtoe-ia 2 ° ° Ditto Wife ' s or Nommee ' s ditto .. .. 600 _fcrobTFfclfiom :. _? 5 0 0 to 20 0 0 Wife's Lying-in , 10 0 _sSnu _^ on _^ perweek .. .. .. 060 Loss by > ire , from .. .. £ S 0 0 to 10 0 6 OTi _«__ . ' _^ C 0 ND DIVI SION . Superannuation , per week .. .. .. 9 4 0 Entranee . according to age , from 4 s . § d to 9 s . 6 d . . , FIFTH DIVISION . Monthlv Contributien for Sickness and Management , EntraBce , according to age , from ts to 8 s . Monthly Con . 1 2 s . Id . tribution for Sickness and Management , Is . Id . Allowance inSickness , per week .. .. 0 15 0 Allowance in 8 ickness , per week .. .. 970 Member ' s Funeral .. .. « w ° ° Member ' s Funeral .. 8 0 0 SfttoWife-s or Nominee ' s ditto .. .- 18 0 0 Ditto Wife ' s or Nominee's ditto .. .. 8 0 0 Wife ' s _LjiK-in .. 1 IS 0 Wife ' s Lying-in .. 015 0 Loss byfire , from .. .. £ 5 0 OtolS 0 p _LossbyFire .. .. .. .. 5 0 0 Superannuation , per week 0 5 0 Superannuation , p _« week ... .. 940 _TH 1 BD DIVISION . SIXTH DIVISION . Entrance , according to age , from 4 s . to 9 s . Monthly Coa- EntranceHoney .. 080 tribution for Sickness and Management-, ls . 7 d . Monthly Contribution .. .. .. 0 10 Allowance in _Sickneus , per week .. .. Oil 0 Allowance in Sickness 0 . 0 Hember ' a Funeral .. .. -. . ; 12 0 0 Member's Funeral .. .. .. 210 6 Ditto Wire's or Nominee ' s ditto .. .. 600 ' _ ' „ _.. „ . _,. Wife's Lying-in 1 W 0 No Levies in this Division . leas by Fire , from .. .. £ 5 0 0 to 10 O 0 Euperannuatien _, per week .. .. .. 0 40 Levies according to tbe demands on each division per quarter . H _. B _, —The only difference in the two Societies is , the PatrioU have an Accouchment benefit , the Patriarch liave not that benefit , therefore do not pay levies for it . ___ Applications for Agencies requested from all parts of the country ; informatien for appointment of Agencies can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing a postage stamp . Blank forms and information for the adsiission of country members can be obtained by letter , prepaid , enclosing three postage stamps , to Dambi . Winn * Botit , General Secretary , 18 , Tottenham Conrt , New Boad . St Pancras .
Ad00418
T" -- ' ' ' * ------- » ------ _« _e----m _^ - _METROPOLITAN COUNTIES aad GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE , Annuity , Loan , and Investment _gOCfEir . ( Incorporated pursuant to the 7 th and Sth Vic ., cap . 110 . ) Temporary Offices , 3 i , Begent-street , Waterloo-place , London . TBUSTBES . Bichard Spooner , Esq ., r Spencer Horatio Walpole , M . P . I Esq ., M . P . Edward _Vansittart Neale , j Henry Peter Fuller , Esq . Esq . J DIRECTORS . Robert Chalmers , Esq ., Edward Lomax , Esq ; , St Thurlow-square , Bromp- John ' s Wood _, ton . Samuel Miller , Esq ., Lin . _iamnelDriver _. Esq ., White- coin ' s Inn . hall . Sir Thomas Newley Reeve , _Venry Peter Fuller , Esq ., Richmond . Kccadaiy . Edward Vansittart Neale Palk Griffith , Esq ., Esq ., SouthAudley-street Ironmonger-lane , Cheap- William A . S . Weetoby ___{__!_ Esq ., Hyde Park-place .
Ad00419
FAMILY ENDOWMENT , LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY . 13 , Chatham Place , _Blackfriars , London . CAPITAL £ 500 , 000 . _DiBECTOBS . William Butterwortli Basley , Esq ., Chairman . John Fuller , Esq ., Deputy Chairman . BU Brace _Chichester , Esq . 1 Elliot Macnaghten , Esq . H . B . Henderson , Esq . j Major Turner . C . H . Latonche , Esq . j Joshua Walker , Esq . Edward Lee , Esq . I Majar Willock , K . L . S .
Ad00420
_COLLTVER'S COMMERCIAL COFFEE AND CHOP HOUSE ASD READING BOOMS , 266 ,, STRAND , LONDON . J _COLLIVfiS returns bis sincere thanks to his a Friends and the Public at large , for the support be has received at their hands during the last ten years , and hopes , by strict attention and civility , to merit a continuance of their patronage . J . C . also begs to state , that having lately made extensive alterations and improvements in bis premises , he is now enabled to afford additional convenience withont extra charge . - A Commercial Coffee-room upstairs , with every facility for Travellers and Visitors from' the country . The House is situated in tbe very heart of the Metropolis , in the centre of the Theatres , near the National Land Office , and Pnblie Buildings . Omnibuses pass to and from all the Railway Stations , to meet the Trains , very five minutes Beds , is . to is . 6 d . per night . All other chargea anally moderate . NO FEES TO _SERVANTS
Ad00421
NO MOBE PILLS FOB INDIGESTION , _Coastipatien _, Torpidity ofthe Liver , and the Abdominal Viscera , persisting Headaches , Nenousness , Biliousness , Despondency , Spleen , etc . Published by _Dn Barry and Co ., 75 , New Boad-street , London ; and to be obtained through aU Booksellers ' Price 6 d , or 8 d ( inletter stamps ) , post-free ; . . A POPULAB TREATISE on INDIGESTION and CONSTIPATION ; the main causes of Nervousness , Biliousness , Scrofula , Liver Complaint , Spleen , etc ., and their Radical Removal , entitled the « _Natotai , _BbqsheaiToa or thk _DigestivjS _Oxqans ( the Stomach and Intestines ) , without pills , purgatives , or artificial means of any kind , '
Ad00422
A GOOD FIT WARRANTED at the Great Western Emporium , 1 and 2 , Oxford-street . Ubsdell and Co . are now making to order a Suit of beautiful Superfine Black , any size , for £ s lis . Patent made Summer _Trowsers , 16 b ; Registered Summer Orer Coats , 20 s . The Art of Cutting taught . Patterns of Garments Cat to Measure for tbe Trade , and sent ( post free ) for ls . Oi . each , or _eighteea postage stamps . Address , Charles Ubsdell , 1 and 2 , Oxford-street London .
Ad00423
ANOTHER BRADFORD CHARTIST COMMITTED On Monday week , L _' ghtowler , who has achieved no Inconsiderable notoriety as a Chartist orator , was brought before the magistrates oa a charge of drilling . The charge rested chiefly open the evidence of an approver , oae Thomas Shepherd , a collier , who deposed tbat on a Suuday merning in May last there was a meeting of Chartists on Tong Moor , to whioh about 150 men marched in military _ord-jf from _Msnchester-rbsd . The men were divided into three section !; atthe head of the first section Wat Tyler inarched ; a butcher ( nameunknown ) marched at the bend ofthe second ; and Llghtowler at the head of the third . To this last seotion witness attaohed himself . Lightowler gave the word of command , ordering the men to fall in three
Ad00424
• .. V i ¦ Prici _^ _hxee _^ _meei :. A VXBBATIU bkpoet of thb ibiali of ERNEST JONES ' AND THE OTHER CHARTIST LEADERS .
Ad00425
PORTRAIT 0 F JOHH MITCHEL ; Specimens of a splendid portrait of the first vie tim of the Whig Treason Act , are now in possession of our agents . The portrait will be shortly ready for presentation . That of Smith O'Brien , and those who are sharing his fate , arc also in course of preparation . None but subscribers will be entitled to those portraits . '
Ad00426
IRELAND . " i « This week we report the Irish _TreasoD Trials as far as they have gone—next week we shall bring them down to the _, ktesl moment . _'''¦ _¦>!¦ _- .
The Northern Star, Saturday, September 39, 1848. .
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 39 , 1848 . .
The Felon Government. We Are Not Incline...
THE FELON GOVERNMENT . We are not inclined to swell the bull-frog felon Whigs into traitors , we prefer , upon their own evidence , to make their own use oi their own last atrocious and blood-thirsty , act . The Whigs and their coadjutors , declared that the object and intent of the " Crown and Government Security Bill" was to establish a new standard by which little traitors should be designated as felons , and not puffed - into traitors ; that they should receive the felon ' s brand and not the martyr ' s laurels . ' And tf words have meaning—and if overt acts are proofs of guilt—and if the minds of all men are
not as prejudiced and perverse as the mind of Mr Pembroke , who , upon , testing his fitness to serve as a juror , honestly proclaimed it as his opinion , that the Chartists should all be hanged—we shall prove by words and acts , that the Government itself has been the promoter , the instigators , and main spring of those felonious acts with which their dupes now stand charged ; and the discovery and elucidation of which h « s cost , ' and will cost , the country so . much treasure , ' the Government so much infamy , and the laws of the country to much dishonour .
The motto upon which the Constitution is based , is , " Nulli V endemus , hulli hegdbimus out differ emus _jusiitiam vel rectum ;" ' and the English of which is , "We sell nothing , denynotbing , or delay right or justice . " And the words ar » spoken as those of royalty , and they constitute the tenure upon which the Crown is held ; and if the monarch can be guilty of treason against the people , the violation of this constitutional maxim is a violation
of the Constitution itself ; as the essence of loyalty consists in the obligation to render allegiance upon the condition that the Constitution shall secure protection to all . And many ofthe ablest writers upon the British Constitution have declared , that tbe obligations which bind the sovereign to the people are . mutual and should be mutuallyenforced , and that the violation of those obligations by the-monarch is as treasonable as their violation by the people . _;
Indeed , if writers upon the subject had not thus defined the mutuality of those obligations , common sense itself would do so , as it must be presumed that , whether elective or hereditary , the Sovereign must be the adopted of the people ; arid Lord Bolingbroke—a high authority upon the subject—says , " That it is as much the duty of a people to rebel against a corrupt House of Commons , as against a tyrannical Prince ; " thus not only affirming the right , but declaring its exercise as a duty . And if precedent establishes any rale of action , it is furnished by the fact , that the loyal subjects of this country _, represented by a few Common Council of the city of London , have banished and beheaded treasonable Monarchs
aforetime . What is a Monarch , if not the impersonation ef a great principle , upon which the Constitution of a ( country is founded ? And have we not before our eyes the startling fact of the representative of our constitution acknowledg ing the right of . the French people to dismiss their King , for the violation of the French Constitution ? - And have we not the full recognition of her approval of the rijjht in the person of her Ambassador at the Court of Paris , and an Ambassador from the Rebel Court at , the Court of St James ' s ? However , as Monarchs ever have been , and ever will be , mere puppets in the hands of artful and designing men who
warp the Constitution and the law to their own artful purposes , we find the defence of the British Queen in the generous maxim , « That the Monarch can do no wrong , " although this maxim has not operated as the justification , defence , or protection of other British Monarchs , who have suffered for the delinquency of their advisers . However , applying the maxim , and not as an improper one as it would be most ungenerous and unmanly to hold an innocent and inoffensive woman responsible for the acts of her guilty and offensive Ministers—we acquit her of any intentional violation ef the Constitution ; and we now arraign her Ministers upon the charge of violating the Constitution and the Law .
As to the violation ofthe Constitution , they have sold everything to the rich—they have denied everything to the poor—they have delayed , nay , withheld , both right and justice from them—they have polluted the source from whieh justice should spring , by corrupting the Representative bod y , and by polluting the miscalled Representatives of the People , by bribery and corruption in the Commons House of Parliament . And these practices wouid furnish ample grounds for an impeachment against that Ministry , if there were such a thing as _aj pure tribunal to appeal' to ; but
The Felon Government. We Are Not Incline...
when the appeal must be from " Philip drunk to Philip sober , " or from men who _ihave been guilty to those who hope to live and thrive upon similar guiJty ' practices , then a fair trial is out of the question ; and hence the violators of the British Constitution must remain unimpeached for the present . And now we turn to the consideration of the legal question . In cases of murder and high treason ,
accessories before and after the fact are treated as principals in its accomplishment . In cases of conspiracy , it has been laid down by the Judges of the land that parties subsequently joining , with the intent of carrying out the views of the original promoters ofthe conspiracy , are , though not engaged in its formation , also conspirators ; and now we proceed to arraign the Government upon an accepted legal
maxim" Quifacit per alium , facitperse . the English of which is— "He who does an act by another / does that act himself . " It would be endless , as well as useless , here to recap itulate the evidence of the informers Powell , Davis , Barrett , Baldwinson , andTildren , as adduced by the Attorney-General on the trial of Cuffay , Lacey , and Fay . We have given that evidence at sufficient length , and the salient points will be read , if not withsurprise , with disdain and disgust . And from that evidence we learn thatthe most daring , the most seducing , the most hardy and
professedly uncompromising of those ruffians , were the principal instigators to those crimes with which the prisoners were charged—and we have the admitted fact , that their most desperate resolves were taken at the instance of those informers , after they had been in close and constant communication with the police and detective authorities . We have it upon the evidence of Davis , that it was those ' informers who actually drove their dupes to desperation ;
for that informer swears that Cuffay , upon discovering that they were betrayed , said . "It was no use NOW mincing the matter , for all their necks were in danger , and they might aB well speak out plainly . He only knew John son by that name , and he had no idea that he was communicating with the police until he read an account of his examination at'the Police Court . He had no jdea before then that he was a spy , and he was the last man he should have suspected /'
Let any man read the above evidence , and can he come to any other conclusion , than tbat the fact of Powell ' s betrayal of his own conspiracy had driven Cuffay and others to desperation , which maturer reflection might have arrested ? Cuffa y says , " lt was no use _tfOW mincing the matter . " Up to this period , then , it would appear that no defined action was de * cided upon , and we have it , upon the evidence of Powell , that all the most dangerous resolutions were accepted after be had made the police and the detectives fully acquainted with this conspiracy while yet in the bud—that he received money from the police , received his instructions from the detectives , and , acting upon those instructions , taxed his energy to recommend himself to his employers .-
_Thefiovernmentof acountry is looked upon as the protector of the institutions of the country ; it stands , or ought to stand , in parental relation to the people . Upon the principle that prevention is better than cure , it should nip crime in the bud , and instead of suborning spies and informers to instigate men to crime , it should use such information for the purpose of sup pressing it . And as we have stated many times before , we derive from those trials irrefutable proof of the fact , that Government itself has been the promoter of those felonious acts with which the Chartists now stand charged . Did any inspector of police or detective pay their ownmoney to the villain Powell ? Did those in that subordinate situation dare to act
upon his own responsibility , without consulting the Fbuche of that department , ( Sir G . Grey ) ? Can such a monstrous absurdity be credited , or even entertained , for a moment ? and then will not the _legalj maxim hold good , that " He who acts bv another is himself responsible for the act ?' Did not the employers of those spies and informers—those instigators to acts of felonythose traitors to the Crown and Government , communicate directly , as they communicated through their agents , with tbose who are now
placed in the witness-box , as the virtual destroyers of Cuffay and others , but as the actual destroyers of those by whom-they were suborned , cherished , paid , and courted , and under whose insidious-instructions they acted ? It may serve the passing time to convict poor men before partisan judges , packed juries , hired spies and infomers , and a liberty-slaying Press ; but when prejudice shall have given way to reason will not the universal shout throughout the land , be one unbroken yell of execration against the Government that could resort to such diabolical practices ?
If a parent sees the child straying from the path of virtue , would he not be guilty ofa violation of parental duty if he urged that child still further into the abyss of guilt , instead of checking it ' ere it was too late ? and is not the Government , with a full knowledge of . the guilty , intention of Her Majesty ' s subjects , equally criminal—hay , more criminalin employing instruments of seduction to hurry Her Majesty ' s subjects into crime or revolt !? It may suit the purpose of the Whig
Attornev-General to make bad puns and jokes upon so awful an occasion . It may suit Mr Justice Erie to be the bottle holder of that high and learned official , in his skirmish with Mr Kenealey , but we tell that judge—who should be above suspicion and shrouded with impartiality—that however his high position may enable him to crush , but not overcome , a young but enthusiastic advocate , that it but ill comports with one ih his situation of lire to manifest so decided a prejudice against the accused , and to lend himself to the protection of the guilty accuser .
But however the Attorney - General , shrouded in his robes of office , may gloat over his persecuted victims , we tell him , that the result of those Chartist trials , at the Old Bailey , will be to raise one universal shout of indignation against that Ministry , whose gui t he has established beyond the power of refutation ; and that , apart trom all other agitation for the present , tne whole people will now use their united energy to drive the revivers of the memory of Castles : and Oliver from power , and thus _saye the unwary and unsuspicious from the snares of the artful and designing . Since
the days of the bloody Jefferies down to the present moment , there is ho parallel for the atrocities of the present . government , They have ' * let slip the dogs of war" upon a starving people . They are feeding their pampered mercenaries , spies , and informers , upon the wages of seduction , desertion , and treason ; and they have so centralised class-made power , that they hope to rest in security behind those flimsy barricades erected against the mind ' s progress ; but they may rest assured that the day ot retribution is not far distant , and then it will be seen that a united people ,
acting upon united will , and unprovoked and uncontaminated by hired ruffians , are suscep tible of the finer feelings of nature , and that they will not resort to cruel and sanguinary acts of vengeance or retribution , but will content themselves with the establishment of a mild constitution , not based " upon the blood of their ancestors "—as is the boast of the English oligarchy—but built upon the mild spirit of the law , wbicb . should be yielding to mercy and stern against oppression , administered by the even hand of justice , and exacting an implicit obedience to its mild authorit .
The Chartist Trials. We Cannot Call Too ...
THE CHARTIST TRIALS . We cannot call too much attention to the trial of those Chartists now proceeding at the Old Bailey ; and whatever may be the verdicts , and whatever may be _^ the punishment , it must be the pride of that reviled party tt know and acknowledge , that a more zealous or more able defence could not be made for the [ first perso-
The Chartist Trials. We Cannot Call Too ...
nage in the land . ' These have been the first trials under the recent Felony Act , and it will be in the recollection * of our readers , that , while that Act was under discussion , and while the Minister boasted of its leniency , in consequence of its mitigation ofthe law of treason , Mr O'Connor clearly showed that it would be an aggravation of that law , inasmuch as , under the old law , the accused was entitled to many privileges , all of which had the effect of apprising him of every particle of evidence
that was to be adduced against him , and allowing him ample time to prepare to meet any evidence that might be adduced against him ; whereas , as has been proved upon the present trials , if—although the sentence may be transportation for life under the new Act—the witness relied upon by the Crown may break down and altogether fail , it is in the power of the prosecutor to prop him up by the production of new recruits .
Surely , if protection to property is considered _^ by capitalists as a higher duty than the protection of life , we may consider the protection of liberty of equal importance ; arid when the sentence for this now mitigated offence may be transportation for life—is it right , or just , that the accused should be deprived of every legitimate means of defence ? If we could bring ourselves to base future action upon necessary caution , the present exhibition at the Old Bailey would furnish a salutary example to the working classes of this country , and cannot fail of producing some effect upon the mind of a
confident , intolerant , and tyrannical Government-No doubt , the Attorney-General imagined that he would haye a clear walk over the course ; but as _atJLancaster , so in London , the powerful genius , the legal acumen , and the indomitable perseverance of William Prowting Roberts , meets him , haunts him , and paralyses him , as we think we may assert , without fear of contradiction , that , in the annals of State Trials , there never has been a more lucid , a more luminous , or able defence , maintained against the Crown . Indeed , so completehas that
defence been _, that the Government must change place with the accused , and stand convicted upon the evidence , if not by the verdict of the jury . But if Mr O'Connor could pride himself in , or derive satisfaction from , the sufferings of his order , we have the admission of Powell , that one of the chief objects was to entrap that gentleman , who , by his representation , was designated as a " b— -y coward , " as he would not join the physical force party but desired the postponement of the Na tional Assembly .
The history of thelast six months has yet to be written , and from it will be learned that that National Assembly , for the postponement of which Mr O ' Connor contended , has been the origin of every act of persecution to which the Chartist party has been since subjected . Nor can it be asserted , that Mr _^ O'Connor withheld from that Assembly a knowledge of the fact , that it did not represent the Chartist party—that its deliberations were overawed
by the applause and enthusiasm of hired spies and informers , stationed in the galleries—and that the very men who were foremost in falsely _describing the strength and resolution of the Chartist party , were , the greatest cowards , and weuld be the first to betray them . And , perhaps , there is no similar instance upon record of any leader of a denounced and outlawed people maintaining his ground , against the prejudice of class , and the fierce denunciation of the rebels of his order .
But , as the day of retribution is sure to come , sooner or later , it must be consolatory to Mr O'Connor to receive the most affectionate letters from the most physical force districts , thanking him for his prudence arid foresight ; inviting him to visit their districts ; and assuring him , not of a welcome , but of a cordial and affectionate reception . We have been long mixed up with the Chartist cause , and although the recent exhibitions of foll y were all
saddled upon the Chartists , yet , with the exception of Cuffay and Shaw , we never before heard the name of one who has been recently tried atthe Old Bailey ; and although brute force , treachery , subornation , and perjury have been resorted to as a means of suppressing Chartism , we give it , as our frank and conscientious opinion , that the acts ofthe present Government , so far from crushing , will have the effect of reviving , re-organising , and re-assuring that party ,
It will now be belie ved that there is no reliance to be placed in men who meet in secret , and become' the most ardent propagators of sedition and conspiracy . It will be admitted that , as the coward is always the most boastful of his courage ,, so is the treacherous man always boastful of his fidelity ; and hence , we find Cuffay delating that Powell is . thelast man that he would have supposed capable of betrayal , and simpl y , because he had been loudest in bis protestations—and ,, gaining courage froni protection , the villain admits that after
his disclosures to the police and detectives , he became more encouraging , more enthusiastic and bold , more persuasive and instructive in the art of warfare . And yet , how pompous would have been his contempt , and how loud and proud would have been his denunciation of him who dared to accuse him of infidelity . Where is the Chartist who has not witnessed the exhibition of traitors of old standing upon the platform and indignantly repudiating any , the slightest , charge against their courage , their honour , their devotion , and fidelity r
We tell the working men and we believe they have learned it now from experience , that these frothy spouters are to be the least trusted and the most suspected , and we trust that passing events will not be without their effect upon those who prefer clamour to monition , prudence to folly , and real courage to bragadocio .: We conclude with an earnest appeal to every man , belong to what class he may , to read the trials of those Chartists , charged upon the evidence of associates , who forced
themselves upon their councils that they might betray tbem for lucre ; and then , in the name of justice , of common sense , and humanity , we would ask them to abandon , and for ever , a practice which subjects the honest , the sincere , and confiding , to the machinations of the rogue ; the seducer , and the traitor . And in order to convince them of the honour , the dignity , and praise with which the cruel oppressor is . rewarded , we submit the following specimen taken from the "Morning Chronicle " of this ( Thursday ) morning : _~
Thb Lam TaAFAta . » _B-so . _o-iiBB RiOTS _.-Testerdayfore . noon a very interesting _sceneiltook place in St Martin ' * Vestry Room , At eleven o'olock a number of the _Inbabltants met together for the purpose of presenting to Inspector Farebrass a silver snuff-box and a sum of mo . ney , as testimonial * of their respect for the manner he performed his dnty during the late Trafalgar-square disturbances , but more especiall y on the 17 th of April last , when Mr Charles _Cochrane's deputation met in the square , and when Inspector Farebrass was obliged te use rather violent measures in order to keepbaok a person employed by Mr Cochrane . The inspector was taken
_oerere we magistrate tor tne alleged offence , and , after hearing the evidence , the oase was dismissed . A _subscription waB set on foot by the special constables and other inhabitants of the parish , and a sum sufficient to purchase a sliver snuff-box , which , with £ 18 10 s „ was presented fo tho inspector yesterday morning . _Thetestlmonlal bore a suitable inscription , and was said to have cost fifteen guineas . A sum of £ i Its . was also pre-<« _" _*«« to the constable who was charged at the same office with having struck a reporter on the square . The inspector having acknowledged the hi gh compliment whichhad been paid to him , retired , and , in the even _, ing , bit feiends dined with him in honour of th * event .
_ "' Thursday Night " Thejury is again locked up . They complain of intense fatigue . Mr John Humphrey Parry made a most transcendent and eloquent speech , which actually paralysed the Attorney-General and his minions . Justice will triumph and the delay secured by the sagacity of Mr Roberts , has enabled us to procure evidence as damaging to the character of Davis and his brother spies—as that , of other witnesses has been to the villain Powell . Next week we hope to he able to give the transcendent speech of Mr Parry verbatim ; while the tattered , ragamuffin , denounced Chartists have proved to the world that their friends , when accused and endangered , shall not lack sympathy and defence . _Atfeast , MrO'Connor _. who
The Chartist Trials. We Cannot Call Too ...
in pocket , represents Chartism , has established this fact ; but , to the shame ofthe country , had it not been for him , they would have , suffered without a struggle ; and let them , with shame , look to the amount ef their enthusiasm , as exhibited in the amount of the Defence Fund for the week .
Middle - Class Legislation And Remedies ...
MIDDLE - CLASS LEGISLATION AND REMEDIES FOR NATIONAL EVILS . The middle-class journals omit no opportunity of exulting over the evils caused b y a period of transition and struggle in France and Germany . It would be as well that they should bethink them ofthe old English adage , and not "halloo before they are out of the wood " Revolutions do not grow spontaneously . They are the product of years of suffering and oppression—of long demanded and long refused rights—of an intolerable sense of suffering—of misery driven into reckless
desperation—when men , adopting the emphatic words of Scripture , in masses , say— " It is better to be slain with the sword than perish of hunger . * ' It may be very dreadful to shopkeepers and manufacturers to hear of business being put a stop to for a few days , or weeks , in consequence of emeutes in large towns , and the papers which speak for these classes may be very eloquent respecting the misery which they cause to the working classes themselves ; but does it never occur to these shopkeepers and journalists , that greater evils must have been previously endured before the
emeutes , whose consequences they so vividly describe , took place ? They appear to forget that the whole of the working classes are not included in their remonstrances against the folly of interfering with the regular current of affairs , because that interrupts business , and consequently stops work . The ordinary routine of the present manufacturing , commercial , and agricultural system , leaves large masses totally without employment , and to these parties the eloquent leading articles of the Press , in the pay of the plutocracy , are but so much wind . Instead , therefore , of
rejoicing over what they term the failures of democracy in its incipient stages , and earnest efforts _tojcreate a _^ new and better state of affairs , the middle classes of this country ought to be looking , a-head , and preparing to meet the storm which is evidentl y brewing in our own country . A few figures and facts will more forcibly show the nature and the operation of the system of which the middle classes are tho main supporters and abettors , than anything we could say on the subject . The Poor Rates amount upon an average to upwards of 7 , 000 , 000 ? . sterling annually . The number of
paupers in the workhouses and receiving parochial relief , is one : tenth ofthe whole population of England ; in Ireland it is one-third ; and in Scotland , though not so large , it is daily increasing .. But these statistics do not give a complete view ofthe subject , nor afford a correct idea of the masses for whom no employment , no honest and independent means of subsistence are provided by our arrangements ; and for whom , consequently , a change of system has no terrors . Recent Parliamentary Returns show an alarming and rapid increase of vagrancy , another infallible test of the
destitution which prevails among the people . In the districts of the Thames , in the year ending September , 1846 , the number of vagrants relieved was 18 , 533 ; but in 1847 it had increased to 44 , 93 / , being an increase of 26 , 404 , or sixty per cent , on the preceding year . The nightly average of casual paupers in 600 unions in December , 1845 , was 1791 ; in 1846 it was 2 , 224 ; in 184 , 7 , 4 , 500 ; and in March , 1848 , it was 16 , 086 . Taking three very different districts similar results are presented—in the Michaelmas quarter in 1845 the casual poor relieved at Windsor was 1 _.-700 , and
in 1848 , 5 , 868 . At Devizes in 1847 the number was 1 , 394 , and in 1848 , 2 , 892 . In the North Riding in 1836 there was but one ; in 1846 , 216 ; and in 1847 , 1 , 161 . The applicants for relief at the Mendicity Society were twentyseven per month in 1836 ; in 1847 it was 15 , 678 ; and in 1848 , 22 , 296 . Startling as these figures are , and unde ' niably as they exhibit the downward influence of our present system—as developed in its pauper and vagrant-making tendenciesanother class of wretched victims must be added before we see it in all its monstrous
deformity and foulness . Crime is the child of poverty . Without being naturally more devoid of moral feeling than the " easy classes , " the pow man and the uneducated and hungry child are driven tothe commission of crimes by the stern behests of poverty and starvation . The Penitentiary at Parkhouse costs 14 , 349 ? a-year , and Pentonville 18 , 000 ? . The cast of prosecutions is 348 , 000 ? - a-year ; of County Gaols 147 , 145 ? . The cost of County Houses f Correction is 180 , 841 ? . ; of Rural Police ,
180 , 000 ? . ; the Metropolitan Police ; 363 , 164 ? . ; giving , in these items alone , a total of one Million two Hundred and Thirty-one Thousand a-year , expended upon crime and the maintenance of felons . In order to get at the actual cost under this head , the voles from the Consolidated Fund , and the Civil Contingencies , for the maintenance and salaries ofthe Judges , & c , require to be added—which will materially increase the amount we have now stated .
Here , then , in a somewhat tangible shape , we have presented the results of our present mode of legislation and commerce . Year by year we find pauperism , vagrancy , and crime multiplying around us , not by units , but by tens of thousands . The system remorselessly drives downwards struggling honesty and virtue into the ranks of the pauper and the felon—the chances of independent labour , and of earning an honest subsistence rapidly grow fewer . Poverty stalks , like an
armed man , into the dwelling of the labourer —puts out his fire—plunders his home of furniture , bedding , and wearing apparel—empties his cupboard of food—and sits down at his cold , desolate hearth with gaunt frame and wolfish eyes—to tempt to deeds of reckless despair . Yet all this goes on almost unheeded , or , at best , with a few _words _" of meaningless commiseration , or sectional and isolated efforts , which are about as effectual in stemming the tide of wretchedness as it would be to empty the ocean by buckets .
These are the things that precede physical force revolutions . If there was a real want of the means for providing employment , we might bow in humble _submif-sion to the will of Providence , or with a clear conscience / seek some other ¦ field of exertion . But this is not the case . , It is admitted , on all hands , that while this i progressive and appalling increase of pauper- ism , vagrancy , and crime , has been going on , , that the country has , at the same time , been i
growing ncher in all the means necessary for r the diffusion of wealth and prosperity among j all classes of the population . The astounding j anomal y is , that this enormous amount ofpo- verty and misery exists in what is admitted to o be the richest country in the world , and side a by side , with wealth and luxury among the e aristocratic and wealthy classes , such as eve _« I Rome in its palmiest days could not approach , i ,
We observe that a vigorous movement is is being made by . the advocates of Emigration , i , to turn the facts and figures we have now n ¦ stated to account in furthering the operation ir of wholesale transportation . Meetings have n been held in various places , at which , after _ei giving a broad but not over-coloured _descrip-p tion __ of the state of things at home—the _mostis fascinating and tempting : pictures were drawn n
or the felicity and prosperity which await all al who are wise enough to be shipped off to _Aus-is tralia and other . places " . beyond the seas . " We have already , on various occasions , _ex-jx posed this « dodge" of the ruling and wealthy ; h classes , and given our reasons for advising theth working classes to stay at heme , and deroanda
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 30, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_30091848/page/4/
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