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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th May 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, The History of Ireland, By T. TfiuanT, E...

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    • TRY EKE YOU DESPAIR. HO LLO ' -W- ' A Y ...
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      &Oms Add, That In This Part Will Be Foun...

      &Oms

      _& oms

      Hungary. Forbear, Fond, Foolish Lovers O...

      HUNGARY . _forbear , fond , foolish lovers of the Past Who « coraful glances on the Present cast !—Blind heretics ! the base helief give o er That hearts hcroical heat hi gh no more , That greatness rots with buried generations , And History only knows of patriot nations . "Why shutyour eyes to dream some glorious dreams "While full around the living glory streams ? "Wh y lavish all your heart on heroes gone , Keep each enamoured verse for _3 Iarathon , Deny tliat _ilorat yet again may be ,

      -And Jkaseby deem the world s last holv Tictorv ? Heaven is more kind , O ! now , as then , the Earth Still greatly teems , stillhrlngethheroes forth ; Still are there nations despots to defy _Andmighty souls to dare , and willing * hosts to die , Te , whose fond hearts old heroes entertain And in the distance hear some patriot strain , Go , gather g ' _orions guests from this strange time 1 Go , listen now , and catch the sounds sublime 1 Ope wide , cast round your hero-asking eye-Gaze , g lut its appetite on Hungary ! There find full answer to tout hearts' demand—Behold the Hero-Host ! behold the Hol y Land !

      0 peerless People ! though obscure your story _Sor gracious from the glow of world-wide glory , Tet have ye lent this awful , glorious time Its _deqwst awe , its glory mo 3 t sublime , The toiling , struggling nations all outwroug ht , The world-enibracing flame most purely caught , _TVitli the deep passion most divinely burned , Alone that lore most rare and lofty * learned To y ield t he sovereign soul the soverei gn sway , Sublimely choose and eagerly obey . " Shall statesmen hid a deathless people die ? " Shall Austria quench the light of Hungary ? " Shall courtiers of its breath a nation cheat "And tread the mighty corpse _heueath their fcctl " 0 ! eager , huming ear that People lent

      while fulimncd forth her hero eloquent ! See _through inspired myriads rush and roll The hol y fire tbat burst from Kossuth ' s soul ! Proud nobles the divine devotion Icara ; Hude peasants with the flame heroic burn j God ' s servants raise the holy battle-cry ; "Weak women glow for Hungary to die * — Brave _JJeauty will not from the field be won ; The ranks are rich with many an Amazon ; And . skilful chiefs this awful v . _ilour guide , And hurl against the foe this fiery tide . Great Captains ! peerless Host , ye cannot fail—O ' . holy , h a ppy Cause , that must prevail "When sueli a people joins its awful mi ght "With Bern ' s tremendous sword , and Kossuth' s soul of light ;

      Before such foemen Austria needs must vield ; The heroes smite her on each battle-field"With thronged triumphs rings their Lattle-cry-They rush from victory to victory . Behold her now ! Imperial Austria see The suppliant of _contiguous tyranny ! In base despair she summons to thefight The fatal forces of the Muscovite , And woos the crushing aid , the killing care , The dreadful gifts that Russian helpers bear . OI shrdl the world ' s huge Witherer consume Aspiring Hungary ' s heroic hloom , Another uohle race mr . ke haste to whelm And all unsoul another glorious realm ? Up , Poland ! snatch again thy ravished sword !

      Smite with the foemen of thy butcher-lord—Hark ! Hungary calls' the Lord would thee deliver ! To anus' To arms I or rot in chains for ever J Up , Ottomans * your final hour draws ni gh ; _TVonhl ye yet live ? join hosts with Hungary I 0 Europe " ! if with holy fire to hum Tr . iu £ ec ' uds thy poorness , vulgar wisdom learn ! A lonely nation _dr-res the Holy "War _AviA braves sublime the world ' s huge "Witherer . "Wilr thou behold unmoved the awful strife , "Watch meekly out heroic Hungary ' s life , Turn from the fighters of thy special fight , And woo thy master in the Muscoviteltepe . it thy " base assent to Poland ' s doom , An 4 weep ihy sordid guilt o ' er Hungary ' s tomb ?

      Land of my love ! dear people of my heart ! 0 ! shall your life be quenched ? your life depart ? Shall all the g lorious valour he in vain And Itussia blast you with her hideous reign ? _Jlust Freedom mourn her slaughtered IIcro-Band And Europe miss her withered Holy Land ? 0 Lord of Hosts ! with this deal * host remain I 0 _Uod of Grace ! the good old Cause maintain ! Giant , « rant my soul the ecstaey io see Thy smile -upon triumphant Hungary—The nations ' neath her glowing soul made bright , And rest and glory for her Sons of Light . Birminf _/ haai Mercury .

      3fomi*O0

      _3 _foMi * O 0

      The Illustrated Atlas, And Aiodehx Histo...

      THE ILLUSTRATED ATLAS , _AND AIODEHX HISTORY OF THE _"WOULD . Edited _T ) _J H , _Mqstgomeuy ? n- \ _inxs \ Esq . Parts HI . and IV . London : j . and F . Tallis , 100 , St . Johnstreet . _Tiiesi : ] iails contain maps of the "Western Hemisphere , Northern Italy , Southern Italy , and Denmark . It is not possible , in the compass of a- few words , to do justice to the merits of this "beautiful aud useful work , -which _, must Le seen to be appreciated . The maps ( with ihe accompanying illustrations ) , are superb ; and , altogether , this is one of the cheapest and _Ijest publications of the day .

      The History Of Ireland, By T. Tfiuant, E...

      The History of Ireland , By T . _TfiuanT , Esq ., _1 LA ., & _zc , Szc . Tart XI . London : J . and F . Tallis , 100 , St Jolm-strect . A _poktiox of the events of the reign of Queen Elizabeth oecupy this part , including the murder _ofD-ivels , the long-continued rebellion of the _tiomldincs , tho massacre of the Spanish adventurers , the overthrow and tragical deaths of the Earl of Desmond , Sir John of Desmond , and _HiostoftlieGeraMuie leaders ; fcroils and _haiilc-o , murder and misery—ihe history _oflroland is a truly frightful record . In the wars with the Desmonds , Captain Ralei g h , afterwards ihe celebrated Sir "Walter Raleig h , and Spenser , tlie poet , are brought before us as artors in the strife . One of the most curious

      aad interesting chapters of the History is _devoid ! io an abridged re-production of Spenser s _trcslise on " The State of Ireland . " In the following extract is described one of the principal causes of Irish sufieringand anarchy , which , denounced by Spenser nearly three hundred \ _ears ago , has _continued , nevertheless , without amendment to the present hour .

      _lAXDLOEDS AXD TEXAXTS . " The lords of land and freeholders / ' we quote ihe words of Spenser , " do not there use to set out _iaeirlaiid in farms , or for a term of years , to their tenant ? , but only from year to year , and some during pleasure , neither indeed will the Irish tenant or husbandman otherwise take his hind than so _lonir as he list himself . The reason hereof in the tenant Is . for that ihe landlords there use most shamefully

      to rack their tenants , lay ing upon them coync and liverv at p leasure , and exacting of them ( besides his _covenants what he _pleascth . So that the poor im _^ baudman either dare not hind himself to him for a _longer term , or tbinketh by his continual liberty cf _change to keep his landlord the rather in awe from wronging of him . And the reason why the landlord will no longer covenant with him , is , for that he daily looketh after change and alteration , and hoverothiu expectation of new worlds . "

      The result of this system was naturally enough that the tenant was not encouraged to improve the land , or build upon it , and tbat it thus became less _proSiaMe to the landlord himself . Spenser _olswses : " _Por what reasonable man will not think that the tenement shall he made much better for the lord ' s behoof , if the tenant may by such good means be drawn to build himself some handsome habitation thereon , to ditch and enclose his ground , to manure and husband it as _srood farmers _ _use _ ? for when his tenant ' s term shall be expired , it will _Jleld him , in the renewing his lease , both a good

      £ ce and also a better rent- And also it shall be for the good of the tenant likewise , whobj such _buildiajjs and enclosures shall receive many benefits ; first , by " the handsomeness of his house he shall take more comfort of his life , more safe dwelling , and a delig ht io keep his said house neat and cleanly , which now being , as they commonly are , rather _sa-hse-siics than nouses , is the chiefest cause of Ids so _ocastiv manner of life and savage condition , IviuT _aiufliviiiS together with his beast , in one house , in one room , in one bed , that is clean straw , K-rather a foul dunghill .

      We sie sorry to say that most of Spenser ' s _proVcted reforms were merely schemes for estjiblishinirtheswayof the English government , i » y force and * persecution . He _recoinniaidc-d the extirpation , by violence , of every Tes % e of Irish Batioualifcy . and a war of ex-% _inhmtiou against all _\ xho failed to malic Inv - _lueaiato submission to England . This month's illustration is a most beautiful _eog _raTinff , representing Richard Earl of _Pemtupie taking leave of his brother . "We should

      The History Of Ireland, By T. Tfiuant, E...

      add , that in this part will be found a sketch of the far-famed Grace O'Malley , tho _Graine-ni-Mhaile ( _Granu _Weale ) of Irish legend and soner .

      Mackenzie's Educational Boojcsj Elementa...

      Mackenzie ' s Educational _BooJcsj _Elementary Works , Catechisms , _fye . ; Murray ' s Grammar j Mackenzie ' s Arithmetical , Commercial , and Artificer ' s Tables .- "Wine-office Court London . ' These two works are the commencement of a series of cheap school books , and elementary scientific works , which must prove a valuable boon to the working man ; for here is given in euery respect , as much as is usually sold for one shilling , or , at the lowest—ninepence , for the small sum of twopence . "We do not know the secrets of the "trade , " but the reduction seems enormous . How "the trade'' may benefit Try their sale we cannot say ; this we know , the purchaser , whether for his own or his famil y ' s use , will derive great advantage .

      The prospectus , in reference to placing the rudiments . of scientific knowledge within the reach of all classes , truly says : — " A seed thus scattered may fall on a congenial soil , and result in a fertility gratif y ing to its possessor , and honourable to our country . " And again " In the most humble establishments the price will allow every member of a class to possess a copy of the work from which he has to gain instruction . "Where a family is numerous , each child may have the advantage of its own book , while the parent will not feel the cost a serious item in pecuniary expenditure . The adult , virtuously ambitious of attainments , not within his reach in youth , may also , by a trifling outlay , have the elements of self-instruction at his command . "

      " Murray s Grammar requires not criticism at our hands , the prospectus _continues" Our belief is that our project will prove more universally useful by not disturbing the present economy of schools , and that many parents more readily aid their children ' s progress by having those works which are familiar to themselves . At the same time the greatest attention and care will be bestowed on emendations rendered necessary by the improvements , discoveries , and truths revealed in the continual progress of knowledge . The "Book of Tables" would occupy a page to fully describe the mass ef useful information it contains . The title is : —

      "New and correct ' Commercial , Arithmetical , Miscellaneous and Artificers' Tables , for the use ef Schools , Counting-houses and "Workshops . Calculations in Bricklaying , Carpentry , Lathing , Masonry , Paper Hanging , Paving , Planting , Plastering , Slatiug , Tiling , " Well-sinking , Digging , & c , & c . Fractions and Decimals . Forms of Receipts and Bills for the Man of Business . Statistics . Curious and Scientific Calculations on Man , Steam ,. Railways , Power , Light , Wind , & c . Language and Alphabets . The Calendar of the Church . Scripture Money , to assist those Reading or Teaching the Holy Bible . Principal Foreign Monies and Measures for the Traveller or Merchant . Geographical and Astronomical Tables . The Compass . Miscellaneous Tables , & c , & c . " " We pick out the following curious and start ling calculations under the head of _DISIIUBOnOX OF THE SOU . OF GREAT BRITAIN AND

      _IKELASD . There are in Great Britain , 4 , 701 , 091 males twenty years of age and upwards , and according to the _foregoing statement , there are 43 , 918 , 000 acres of good land , thus being for every man in England , Scotland , and Wales , 9 acres and 30 43-47 perches ; the unimprovable having been deducted . There are in Ireland 1 , 890 , 763 males upwards of twenty years of age ; and there being 19 , 441 , 944 acres fit for cultivation , it gives for the labour of every man 0 acres and 26-36 of a perch . The lowest rental of land in England , ( Wilts ) averages 9 s . per acre , the hig hest ( . Middlesex ) 33 s . 9 d . In Wales the lowest average is 4 s . 8 d . ; the hig hest 19 s . per acre . The average rental of landinall England per acre is ISs . lOd . ; in all Wales 9 s . 5 d . ;—iu England and Wales combined + i .. » -,- „ .-. „ ,. ; = _iTo _s _. i

      Captain Leigh Lye calculates tbat land let out at 3 d . per perch , or £ 2 per acre in field gardens , produces a profit to the labourer o £ 20 a year—thus , then , if the present population was sufficient so to cultivate the soil , the rental produced from it in Gro . it Britain , _ivould be _; £ 37 , SUG , 000 , while the annual profit to the cultivators would bo £ 878 , 900 , 000 ; which profit divided would be to every man of twentv vears of age and above , £ 184 12 s . 3 Jd . per year , or 3 lis . weekly . In Ireland , were there a population large enough to cultivate the land , the annual rental , at tbe same estimate , would be £ 38 , 883 , 888 ; and y ield an annual profit to the cultivators of £ 333 , 833 , 880 ; being an annual sum to every man above twenty years of age , in Ireland , if they could manage to work this much laud , of £ 20-5 13 s . annuallv , or £ 3 19 s . Id . weekly .

      Since 1801 , 8 , 740 , 528 acres of the commons' land have been enclosed by acts of parliament , of which the rental , estimated as before , would be £ 7 , 4 $ l , Q 5 ii per year , ami the profit to the labourers , if so let to tlicni , £ 74 , 810 , 500 annually . There arc 14 , 834 , 000 acres of waste land in Great Britain and Ireland ; this , if let at- Captain Lye ' s estimate , would vield a rental of £ 29 , 063 , 000 , and g ive a profit to the labourers of £ 295 , 030 , 000 . "What a curious fact to sit down and read a book of tables as an amusement , yct __ we have done so with advantage . The statistics of the European powers , at the present time , is intensely interesting . ITe sincerely recommend these works to all our readers , on account of excellence , utility , and price .

      A Lesson I'Or Artisans.—I Am A Married M...

      A Lesson _i'or Artisans . —I am a married man , with a wife and five children , says a correspondent of the-fiuiWcr , who arc dependent upon my exertions for their support . _13 eing a working mechanic my income is ( when employed ) " £ 116 s . per week . 3 Iy parents , thirty years ago , were similarly situated , with about ' one-third of this income . From them I learned a lesson of economy . The great question with me is , what quantity and quality of the necessaries of life are most conducive to promote health , strength , and happiness . Guided by the wise in former ages , and by my own experience , I have long since come to " the conclusion—that man s real _wauts are comparatively few . I have found , therefore , in past years , that two-thirds of my income will sufficiently supply myself and family with the necessaries of life ; the _oncrsixth of the same will meet the casualties of loss * of

      employment ; the other sixth , which is os . per week , or about £ 10 per year , is laid by for sickness or age . This trifling sum ! with interest and compound interest , in _^ i few years will make a poor man comparatively rich . _Xow , I am persuaded that there are thousands of working men , if they would make an honest statement of what they spend foolishly , the amount so spent would be more than I pretend to save , and they are often lay ing themselves under the necessity of giving twenty per cent , for pledges of their property , when at the same time they _misht , by resolution and good management , be receiving instead of g iving interest for money . Let these hints be received m the sp irit they are g iven . Let them excite an honest ambition to raise ourselws from that state of degradation in which too mnnv of us are found .

      At a village not many miles from _Dniheld , where the schoolmaster seems "not to be abroad , " the office of sexton recently became vacant , and a successor was sought by a notice on the church door , announcing tb . it" a & Ktt » i was wanted . " A wag 3 _'eiii" this , wrote underneath it , " Won't a Dane do ?" A domestic newly engaged presented to bis master one morning a pair of boots ; the leg of one of which was much longer than the other . '' How comes it , Patrick , that these boots are not of the same _len-rth ?"— " I raly don't know , sir , but what _botners me the most is , that the pair down stairs arc in the same fix . "

      A Ski Sxakf . —On _aiondayan extraordinary specimen of the Gvmnctrus , which has recently been enHit off the coast of _Northumberland , to which the apellation of Gvmnctrus _Xorlhumbricus has , in consequence , been given , was exhibited at the _Cosmorama Booms , ltegeut-street . It is upwards ot thirteen feet in length , and bears a striking resemblance , in its principal features , to the sketches and descriptions hitherto g iven of the great marine monster , to which the title of " sea serpent " has been g iven . The Gymnctrus has already been exhibited in 2 fewcastlc-on-Tyiic , where it was inspected b y a great number of persons ; and there is little doubt but that the speculation will be equally attractive and successful iu this metropolis .

      Death of Miss _Edgewortii . —Maria Edgeworth , the celebrated Irish novelist , died at _Eugcworthrtown , county of J-ongford , on the morning of Monday last , after a few hours' illness . She had reached an adyanced age , and the last years of her life were passed in her native village in tranquillity and peace _, lord Goug h has sent over £ 70 , 000 for the purchase of an ancestral estate ia Ireland ,

      N&E"5 Axd Shadow; A Tale Op , The Ninete...

      n _& E _" _5 _AXD SHADOW ; A TALE OP , THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BY THOMAS MABIIJf _WHEELEB , Late Secretary to the National Charter Association and National Land Companv . Chapter VIII . Poverty hath a sharp and goading power To wring the torture cry , and fill the breath _nith frantic curses or despairing si ghs ; But her cold withering grasp is _deepest felt B y the fine spirit that endures in silence , And trembles lest his shallow purse be sounded By the sleek friends about him—him who dreads Ihe taunting mockery that ever waits On sensibility , unwarranted by wealth ,

      lie does hot show The vagrant ' s rags , and tell the whining tale Of doleful falsehood . He has never learnt To shape his language in beseeching tone , And stand a mendicant beneath the roof Of some rich kin , »> ho g ives such good advice To qualify the charitable gold , That proud and honourable palms shrink back j And rather grapp le with the spectre hand Of famine , than accept the boon so granted . Eliza Cook

      Tis eve , and Arthur Morton has once more returned to his lodgings after another day of fruitless application for employment , _—hu last shilling is expended , —every available article of clothing has been disposed of , and no resource suggests itself to his racked imagination save an application to his nncle . Pride , which lingers long in the human bosom—which often proves stronger than lore . of life—forbade his approach to his uncle ' s doors , but conscience whispered , and hunger echoed the whisper , that it was a crime to die of starvation while such a resource remained open to him , and , ere he slept , ho determined to avail himself of this last barrier between himself and famine .

      Early next morning found him at his uncle ' s residence , where he was informed , by a young girl ( the ancient dame had been discharged , ) that Mr . and Mrs . Morton were gone into the country for a fortnight . Arthur / notwithstanding his pride , could scarce avoid tears as this last hope was rent from him ; he , however , explained his . relationship , and was kindly asked into the house and invited to partake of the ' g irl's homel fare ( she was on board wages ) . Arthur , melted into weakness by her apparent kindness , explained to her his * distressed situation , and felt relieved by the audible vents thus g iven to his feelings ; the poor g irl sympathised w ith him , and insisted upon his taking the remainder of tho loaf and choose , and , unknown to him ,

      wrapped up a shilling with it . Kind-hearted Sally , it was thy only shilling , and will be needed before thy master ' s return , but truly thou reasonest , that thou hast a shelter , and the reflection of thy master ' s credit will enable thee to obtain credit also , and never could thy woman s heart hear tales of distress and not , if it was in thy power , relieve it . Type art thou of thy class ! would that those calling themselves the middle and upper classes would profit by thy example . Honour to the working men and women of England ! poor and unable to provide against the future as are the many ; careless and improvident as are the few ; never does distress fall with a heavy hand upon a brother or sister of their acquaintance , but out of their poverty they g ive with a nobleness of heart that redeems a thousand errors , and outweig hs a host of vulgarities . Oftentimes their method of rendering assistance may he expensive and ill-judged—as benefits at

      theatres , fcails , concerts , tea _parties , lotteries , raffles , & c ; but among what other class of society issuch active and devoted benevolence seen ? And though the political economist , buttoning up his pockets as though there was any danger of the money leaving them , may assure us that indiscriminate charity is both vicious and impolitic , yet it is a vice so near akin to virtue , that the working classes will bo excused by all but the said economists for _indulging in it . And well does experience teach , not onl y the professional beggar , but the really distressed , that it is not at our west-end palaces , nor at our merchant ' s counters , or from our shopkeeper ' s tills , that they will receive the dole of charity , but at the residences of those who arc but one remove from themselves , and whom tho caprice of a master , a change in . trade , and many other causes , may speedily place in as bad a condition . But Arthur , inexperienced in these matters , thought not of appealing to charitv _, or thought of it onl y as a last

      resource . Tired of pacing the crowded streets of London , where , to his eyes , all seemed busy , all occupied , and he alone an unwilling idler , he turned his steps towards the northern suburbs , in tho iainfc hope that the country would prove more fortunate to . him than the metropolis had been . Hour after hour did he travel through the suburbs , inquiring for employment at every printer ' s , until the shades of evening came o ' er him as he ascended tho famous Ilighgate Hill , where , seating himself by the roadside , he undid his packet of bread and cheese , and was astonished at the sight of the shilling , —this was indeed a treasure to him . Oh ! how he blessed the kindness of that poor _shl- Those who have never felt the

      panqs Of poverty , who have never been in a similar condition to our hero , cannot imagine the feeling of joy with which he gazed on that piece of silver , 'twas a mine of wealth that would enable him to reach Birming ham , where he hoped his wanderings would cease . "With new vigour he arose and pursued his journey until nightfall , when taking advantage of a kindly haystack , adjacent to the roadside , ( the shilling was too great , a treasure to be spent for lodging , ) he speedily fell asleep and dreamt of mines of gold , and steam presses , and newspapers printed with gold and silver typo . Oil ! what a blessing is sleep to the poor and needy . The beggar under its gentle spell can be as completely blessed during half the hours of his existence as he who heaps gold in his iron chest ; yea , more so , for no

      pandering to a pampered appetite will bring visions ofnig htmaretohis couch , —no fear of robbers at his treasured store cloud the brig htness of his dreams . Despots of the earth ! Mammon worshippers ! who coin our blood and sinews into gold , thanks be to God , yc have no power in the realm of imagination , in dreams at least we are free ; in the v isions of the ni ght we can for a while lose sieht of the harsh realities of the day . f ¥ o it was with Arthur ; he was no longer a poor friendless outcast , with a haystack for his bed , his bundle for a pillow , and the damp dews of night for his curtain , but an eastern monarch , surrounded with gold and silver ore , which his slaves around were casting into dazzline tvpo . The rising sun saw Arthur

      a _<* ain resume his journey , and thus passed several days , during wh ich time he lived on bread and water , and the heavens were his nig htl y canopy , but cheered b y that bri ght- phantom , Hope , he at length reached Birmingham . Header hast thou ever visited this mighty emporium of iron and steel , worked into every pattern , shape , and device that human ingenuity can _suggest . Here is the metal forged that the warrior wields triump hant in the battle ' s desperate strife ; here the thimble , emblem of industry , worn even to the wearer s bone in the still harder conflict of female industry against the Jcwocracy of the world ; here are wrou _ght the ornaments which g litter on the _dressing tabic of the wealthiest lady in the land ;

      and here , also , every instrument , every tool tnat the professional man , the mechanic , or the agriculturist can require . Happy union of elegance and _utilitv—of the arts of war and peace . Long has the versatility of ihv trades saved thee from the extremes of indi gence , too often felt by thy sisters ,-Manchester and Liverpool , Dublin and Glasgow . _Iwn" hast thou been the world ' s mart for all tho devices of Tubal Cain , from the plaything of the child to the weapon of tho man ! Look well to thyself thou city of swarth-faccd and bare-armed artisans—thou parent of Cheap Johns and mock auctions—or thy rivals in Saxony will beat tliee not only out of the world ' s market , but even out o l tho _» e of thine own land , and thy fame will only he

      a dream of the past . Such is the sure result of the policy of partial Tree Trade , which th y merchants thv shopkeepers have assisted to bring about , and in ' which too manv of thy artisans have suicidally acquiesced . But wc are not writing a political essay , and therefore must discontinue this theme , but _Birmingham and politics were at the period of our tale almost synonimous . The iron-handed men of Birmin "ham , armed to the teeth by the VMng pi-OSS , and arrayed in martial columns , were the ma _» ic which hurled Toryism from its throne , — cowed the most gallant aristocracy in the world , — wave the nation a delusive benefit in the shape ot a lteform'Bill —and a real injury in raising to place and pav the Whig conjurors , for whose especial behoof " the phantasmagoria of the Birmingham

      revolution was brou _ght into existence . Seven vears had passed since that eventful period in _England ' s history . The men of Birminghainthe men of Eng land-had discovered they had been made tools in the hands of the Whigs and their _hourqeouid supporters , and defrauded of all share of the spoils of the dead carcass of loryism ; and in order J obtain from " Wife fear w hat justice _. md .. ratitudc should lave . immediately _giantcd _, the Sad banded together from north to south-from John o'C roat ' s to Land ' s End-in one vast comb ination to _a-itate for their political rights , and had embodied those rights in a document called the Sle ' s Charter . They had also elected forty-rune dele _gates to sit in London and enforce upon Parliament the adoption of these views . It was . -at this viiicturc that our hero avrivedin Birmingham ; ortunc befriended him in procuring nnnieihatc ein-Dlovment in a ' printing establishment , whose _pro-JEwU « a _stroii" advocate of Chartist principles .

      here whs a vast field of speculation open to Arthur , a passionate lover of liberty , _mwW _™ to _n . mm the dream of the poet _. -the musings of the philofO ; Iher -or the motley garb of the historian ; he had never considered the details necessary to ensure and _SaiSe presence of the bright goddess . His tad

      N&E"5 Axd Shadow; A Tale Op , The Ninete...

      heretofore-been -a . dreamy worship offered at the shrine . of . a Deity ,-en veloped in dim but glorious shadow , whose outline was too vast for contemplation , and whose features ever appeared to wrv with the varying imagination . A study of the princi ples of Chartism gave form , proportion , and colour to the shadow of his imagination , and arrayed it in the garb of right reason and justice . A close and enthusiastic stud y of the subject soon mado him perceive that a love for liberty in name onlv , without a careful application of its principles , was vain and delusive . . Stern truth is there in the words of Algernon Sydney , " Britons have died in defence of Liberty without knowing what Liberty was " Precious blood ! lavishly , . but useless ! v . shnd Thov

      chased a goddess , but embraced a fiend . Heart and soul did Arthur Morton ontor into tho hi g h wrought _, feelings which then characterised political agitation . Young , and enthusiastic , having no other ties to distract his imagination , he mentall y vowed to dedicate every energy of his mind and body to the furtherance of these , to him , novel yet glorious princip les . The dreams of his youth were awakening into realities ; the seeds of ambition were sprin « in <* forth in the genial soil into which thev had Seen thrown ; who shall say , whether to be blighted by evil passions , crushed b y despotic rule , or ripen to wholesome fruition ? . ' Hanny vouth ! the _nerils nf

      the past were forgotten , or remembered only with pleasure ; as obstacles surmounted . The void in his bosom was occupied . His vearnin _? for the pure and beautiful was gratified . * " Chartism , the foul fiend of mischief and anarchv , " was the pure divinity of his soul , and all that tended to increase her worship was . "hol y in his imagination . Bright anil pleasing vision ! too soon wilt thou awake and discover that " her altar is bedewed with tears of blood ; that her worshippers aro tho contemned of the world , —the discontented and wretched outcasts of society ; that to avow yourself a Chartist is to court persecution , transportation and death !" ¦( To be continued . )

      The Barley Main Colliery Explosios Retor...

      THE BARLEY MAIN COLLIERY EXPLOSIOS RETORT IO THE SECRETARY OF STATE . Tlie official report of Mr . Seymour _Tremenhoore , Inspector of Mines , to the Secretary of State , on the exp losion in the Darlcy Main Colliery , near Barnslcy , on the 24 th of January last , has been published . Our readers are aware that Mi-. Tremenlicere _' s office does not , properly , authorise him to take cognisance . of such events—that his powers are derived , in ordinary cases , from the statute commonly called " Lord Ashley ' s Act , " passed m 1 S 42 , 5 & C Vic ., c . 09 , prohibiting the emp loyment of women and girls in mines ; and that his official duties , in fact , only include the carrying of the

      provisions of that act into effect , and reporting annually to the Secretary of State on the condition of the mining population . Since , the passing of that act , however , the subject of explosions in collieries has been gradually forcing itself upon public attention . And the practical question raised by the present report is—Whether-it is not expedient- to appoint an Inspector of Mines , particularl y with reference to collieries , who shall be expressly authorised to examine and report upon their condition with reference to ventilation and other particulars , neglect of which has been repeatedly proved to bo the cause of such dreadful adcidents as that now particularl y adverted to .

      By the Barley Mam explosion seventy-five lives were lost ; and Mr . "Warrihrton Smyth ( mining engineer to the Geological Survey ) was deputed by the government to act with Mr . Trcmenheere in the investigation of its causes . An explosion had occurred in the same colliery in February , 1847 , by which six lives were lost . And on the 5 th of March , 1847 , at the Ardslcy Main Colliery , about two . milcs off , seventy-three persons were killed by a similar exp losion ; making one hundred and fifty-fburdcaths from the same cause , and in the same nei g hbourhood , within two years . Not that tho Barnsley colliers havo a monopoly of such accidents—for in January , 1346 , upwards of forty persons were killed by an explosion in a colliery at ltisea , near

      Newport , in Monmouthshire—in July , 1845 , forty persons were , killed at the Jarrow-Colliery—and in September , 1844 , no less than ninety-four persons were killed at the Has well Colliery . Professor Faraday and Mr . Lyoll reported upon tho Haswell affair ; Dr . Lyon Playfair upon that at Jarrow ; and Sir II . Be la ' BGche upon that at ltisea . "We have also reports by Sir II . Do la Beche and Mr . W . Smyth on an exjdosion atOldbury , in . Staffordshire , in December , 184 C , and another at Coppul , in Lancashire , in January , 1847 . . And when-wo ' place these several reports in juxtaposition with that of ¦ Mr . Trcmenheere , now published , and observe tho remarkable agreement of all these gentlemen , on

      all these various examinations , as to the cause of the loss of life , we must admit that , adverse as wc are to the interference of the government in the affairs of individuals , we regard his proposition of the appointment of an " Inspector of Mines , " duly qualified and authorised to examine periodicall y , and point out tho defects in the underground management of collieries , as one well worthy of favourable consideration . Wo have had ei ght explosions more or less extensively destructive of life , and as many scientific reports upon their cause .- ? , within less than four years ; and it is now suggested that we should modify our mode of dealing with such events by making examination before instead of after the occurrence of the mischief .

      The colliery viewers m the north have alread y , more than once , expressed a strong desire to hare the collieries submitted . to tho periodical inspection of a government officer ; and this wish was . ' reiterated by the witnesses on the present occasion , and embodied in the verdict of the jury . Sir . _Ti-emenhoore favours the proposition—avowing his owh want of practical ability to undertake such an office —but urging in corroboration of his opinion tlie practice in France and Belgium , which he had occasion to investigate last year , under instruction

      from Sir Georgo Grey , lho example is a good one . It involves no compulsory powers on the part- of the inspector . Though the laws and regulations relating to mining inspection in those countries date from the decrees of the National Assembly of 1791 , modified by subsequent decrees of Napoleon , and although all mining property belongs virtually to the government , anil no person can work a mine without its permission , so tbat the method of" working may be defined as by tlie proprietor , instances ' of compulsion on the part of the government arc rare . Mr . Trcmenheere observes : —

      " I stiito in my report which was laid before parliament last year as follows : — ' The law has most carefully abstained from investing the . inspectors with . any direct authority . ' The nature of their interposition is best described by M . _llegnaud , in his exposition of the motives , for the project of law presented to the legislature of Prance in'April , 1810 : — ' The corps . of engineers of mines will diffuse everywhere its intelligence and counsels , without imposing directions , without exercising any constraint whatever upon tho mode of managing the works . They will enlighten the proprietors and the administration ' ; they will examine and establish facts , but in no case will they give directions . Again , M . Rcgnaud states that the object of the

      administration will be ' to use the ascendancy of enli g htenment , not the influence of authority ; to persuade , not to constrain . ' Other statements with negard to the . intention . of tho law arc to the same effect . And as respects its working , all authorities in both countries connected with tho subject , namely , the ministers of public works , the engineers or inspectors in chief , and tho local inspectors in all the districts I visited , concurred that the law was carried out entirely in that spirit . " This system , it will bo observed , contrasts most favourably with any yet urged in the House of Commons . In June , 1847 , soon after the presentation of a petition purporting to express the opinion of C 0 . 00 U colliers . Messrs . Duncombc . Bernal , and

      Aglionby . brought in a bill by which they proposed to empower an : inspector to direct the ' owner of a colliery to alter his system of ventilation as the inspector mi ght deem advisable , under a penalty of £ 100 for o ch act of disobedience . But this was too much for even the most ardent advocates ' of government interference who happened to know anything of _coJlicrios . So the bill was withdrawn , _iind another brought in , with an additional sponsor in the person of Mr . Hume , which , had it passed , would have compelled the use of Davy lamps for a limited time , whether needed or not ; and would also have empowered ( and , in effect , required ) the Secretary ol State to order the doing of certain things relating to the internal management of mines , neglect of which would havo been a misdemeanor if damage did notonsue , and felony if it did . This bill also was withdrawn ; and in the autumn following Sir G . Grey . directed the inquiry into the French and Belgian regulations , the results of

      which were laid before parliament last session . According to the census of 1841 , the'number of persons then employed in mines of all _descriptions in Great Britain was 103 , 825 , of which in 118 , 2-33 were in coal , and 10 , 44 _'Jin iron mines . But as the miners of iron and coal easily change occupations , and in 1341 the iron trade was much depressed and the ccal trade in full activity , perhaps the number in-tho lattir rather exceeded the average ' . They might now , however ,-safel y be taken at 130 , 1100 , and as representing a population of half a million . Mr . : Tremenhecre is of opinion " that a sufficient system of colliery'inspection mi ght be established at about one-third of the cost of factories , namely , for jjetwech £ 3 , 500 and £ 4 , 000 a year , " or much- less than it costs in Belgium . " --Wc presume this , estimate applies to . Great Britain . The larger sum , t ken . as the cost oi partially ensuring tho ' safety of ¦ 1 S ' . ) _, 000 men , would represent- a- payment of about 7 d . per head per annum . '

      _loe continental systems suggest that this'Outlay migly ; also be . made-useful * in ' promoting flic scientific _instruction and examination of the '' managers _c-f the . cQlTieries ; but this is a part of the subject our space _Tijill not permit us at present to ' enter upon , ; . ' ;

      Uamutz

      _Uamutz

      Doctrine Of Passive Obediexce.—The Doctr...

      Doctrine of Passive Obediexce . —The doctrine of passive obedience is so repugnant to the genuine feelings of human nature , that ft . can never be completely acted on . A secret dread that popular vengeance will awake , and nature assert her rights , imposes a restraint which the most determined despotism is not able to shake off . The rude reason of the multitude may be p erplexed ; but the sentiments of the heart ' are not easily _nei'vovtod . —Robert

      Hall . An Irish clergyman , having gone to visit the portraits of the Scottish kings in _Holyrood House , observed one of the monarchs of a very youthful appearance , whilst his son was depicted with a long beard , and wore the traits of extreme old ago . "Sancta Maria ! " exclaimed the good Hibernian , " is it possible that tins gentleman was an old man when his father was born . " Srois 6 x thk Sox . —There is at the present time in the centre of the sun ' s disc a collection of spots of such extent that the whole may be soon as one spot , without the aid of magnifying power , by merely protecting the eye by a dark ' glass . With a good telescope the spots present a very curious appearance . ¦ . . ' . '

      SU . _VDAY IX SCOTLAND . If e er to Scotland I should go , I hope I never may Fall ill upon a Sunday from a doctor ' s far awav ; For Sunday trains Scotch Pharisees forbid to " run , and I , Ere on Monday the p hysician came , might comfortably— die . —runch . Shrewd Thought of a Patmot . —Eighteen years since , I used to walk by the Sew Exchange-gate , where stood an overgrown porter with Ins gown and staff , which gave him a semblance of authority . It was his business to regulate the coachmen before

      the entrance , and he would make nothing of lifting a coachman off his box , beating him , and then throwing him into his box again . I have several times looked up at this tall mastering fellow , and put the case : —" . Suppose this conqueror should take me up under his arm like a gizzard and run away with me , am I his subject ? " " No , '' thought I , " I am my own man , and not his ; and having thus invaded me if I could not otherwise rescue myself from him , I would smite him under the fifth rib . " From that time I have had a clear idea of a conquest . —Rev . Samuel Johnson . Remarks on the Pastoral Letter , 1 CS 9 .

      Longevity is raE Fexs . —Three widow ladies ( sisters ) met together at Fiskerton , on Wednesday , the 2 nd instant , to celebrate the birth-day of the second sister , over a cup of their favourite beverage ; the united ages of the venerable trio amounted to 238 years . There arc brother and two sisters of the same family , whose united ages make 205 years ; a total of 443 years for six individuals . —Lincolnshire Chronicle . The _Xorth-East Wind . —The north-easter was still blowing , parching the earth and chilling the very souls of men . Mr . Spread could not hel p thinking , as he buttoned himself up to the throat , of Barker ' s perverse fancy for the _rascalliest wind that blows . Boreas is a ruffian and a bull y , hut the north-oast is a' rascal , . _diolus has not such a vicious ill-conditioned blast in his puff y bags . It withers like an evil eye—it blig hts like a parent ' s

      curseunkinder than ingratitude—more biting than forgotten benefits . [ It comes with sickness on its wings , and rejoices the doctor and the sexton . "When Charon hoists his sail , it is tho north-east that swells it , it purveys for famine , and caters for pestilence . From the savage realms of of the Czars it comes with a desolating sweep , laden with moans from the Siberian mines , and . sounding like echoes of the knout ; but not a fragrant breath brings it from tho rosaries of Persia , so destitute is it of grace and charity . While it reigns , no fire heats , no raiment comforts , no walls protect—cold without bracing—scorching without warmth . It deflowers the earth , and ft wans the sky . The ghastliest of hues overspreads the face of things , and collapsing nature seems expiring of the cholera . —The Bachelor of the Albany . Human Maladies . —John Abernethy _, the eminent surgeon , used to tell his scholars that all human maladies proceeded from two causes—stuffing and fretting . True Policy of Kings . —It is wisdom in him that

      sits at the helm of a settled state , to demean himself toward his subjects at all times so that- upon any evil accident they may be ready to servo his occasion . He that is gracious only at the approach of a danger , will be in danger when he expects deliverance . —Francis Quarle _' s Enchiridion , 1648 . The Persians have a saying that "ten measures of talk were sent down upon the earth , and the women took nine . " The matrimonial blacksmith at Gretna Green , being asked why old women were so fond of matrimony , rep lied , " You know that old wood catches fire in an instant . An omnibus conductor said to the driver " Full inside , _Beb ! We havo two Swans , one Ship , one Rod Lion , two White Horses , one Telegraph , four Elephants , one Crown and Sceptre , and a George the Fourth . Old customs arc not all extinct . The Western

      Times narrates of lcignmouth—May-day was kept up gaily ; the lasses who sigh for beauty were up with the sun to dip in the dew , according to the old verso : — The fair maid who , the first of May , Goes to the fields at break of day . And washes in . dew from the hawthorn tree , Will ever after handsome be . There was scarcely one fair maid who did not try the charm . Annual "Parliaments . — As to parliaments , I

      adored the wisdom of that Gothic institution which makes them _ANNUAL ; and was confident our liberty could never be placed upon a firm foundation , until that ancient law was restored among us . For , who sees not , that while such assemblies are permitted to have a longer duration , there grows up ' a commerce of corruption between the minister and the deputies , wherein they both find their accounts , to the manifest danger of liberty ? which trani <; would neither answer the design nor expense , if parliaments met once a-year . —Dean Swift ' s Letters to Pope .

      One of tho bricks brought from tho ruins of Nimroud _, besides the letter inscribed on it , is marked with thefootsteps of a weasel , which must have run over the brick before it had dried , so that the little animal « nd the mi g hty Assyrian king have stamped a record of their existence on the same piece of clay . __ ¦ < \ A ship to navigate the air has been invented at Boston , and the patentee declares that three days will suffice to carry passengers thence to California . Natural Advantages of a _Huruiiuc—In a- wellconstituted republic , nothing of soldering , praising , and pitying , can take place ; tho representation being equal throughout the country , and complete in itself , however it may be arranged into leg islative and executive , they havo all one and the same

      natural source . The parts are not-foreigners to each other , like democracy , aristocracy , and monarchy . As there are no discordant distinctions , there is nothing to corrupt by compromise , nor confound by contrivance . Public measures appeal of themselves to the understanding of the nation , and , resting on their own merits , disown any flattering application to vanity . The continual whine of lamenting tho burthen ' of taxes , however-successfull y it may be practised in mixed governments , is inconsistent with the sense and spirit of a republic . If taxes are necessary , they of course arc advantageous ; but if they require an apology , the apology itself implies an impeachment . Why then is man thus imposed upon , or why does he impose upon himself?—I'ainc _' s Rialits of Man .

      Romantic Incident . —Tho Rev . Dr . Stonard , rector of Aldingham , near Ulversion , who died the other day , has left £ 30 , 000 , tho reversionary right to £ 1 , 000 a year more , with a valuable mansion and other property , to a youth named Scholic , whom he hired as a foo t boy seven or ei ght years ago , but whom lie subosquently promoted to the rank of friend and companion . An Irishman who was talking in rather ambiguous terms about the sudden death of his ' paternal relative , was asked if he had lived hi gh ? " Well , I can 't say ho did , " said Terence , "but-he died hi gh . "Wh y , what do you mean ? " "Faith , I mean that , like the llabcus Corpus Act , he was si « - pended . "

      "My dear , don't say tale , say narrative , " said a modest lady to her little son , who was relating a very interesting "tale" ho had just road in the newspaper . While the little fellow was thinking of his mistake , the old house dog walked in , shaking his tail and looking quite familiarly attheboy , when ho exclaimed , " Ma , make Sancho quit shaking his narrative . " A Female M . P _. —We have just learned a most extraordinary fact , and one which , however amazing it may appear , is , we aro assured , literally true . A person was recently buried some ' few . miles from-Edinburgh under very singular _circsmsfanccs . The death and attendant ceremonies were duly ch « _-3 > - nieled in our paper . The individual had sat fer some time as a meirtber ' of _Parliasaent for an _EngSsh bunrh , and was well known as a highly _respectable

      landed gentleman . _Now , it would appear ,, ia eonsequence of certain disputes among the heirs at law , that the title of the party , t _© the male . character is doubted , and that , notwithstanding the " _sSfficultics connected with- the peculiar - kind of interment chosen by the deceased , the body is to be-disinterred , in order to prove the sex of the defuast M . P . ¦ We arc familiar- with . ' oases . -of . females- aeiing as sniibrs , navvies , and in _ other employments , but , tho case of _aTcinalclnoiuoer of parliament is , in common phrase , ... " altogether , unprecedented . "—Edinburg h _Al'iM . _—^ Therefore should piir contemporary affect a mystery ' as to tlie name , in a ., case which presents mystery _enovigli iii its . nature ? . Ho alludes to " . William Henry ( Miller , of Cr-ai gintinny , Esq ., late M _. P . ' for _Nowcastie-nndpi _' -Lyne . _' - _^ Pov ouV own par t we never- saw a man who looked . SO Utile liko ' . ' . a _vomn _^ _Mmng _TosL ] : ¦; _\ . , : _' ; . -

      Try Eke You Despair. Ho Llo ' -W- ' A Y ...

      TRY EKE YOU DESPAIR . HO LLO ' _-W- ' A Y ' S PILL S . CURB -OF ' ASTHMA _, fro

      Ad00315

      „ _k _^ _ctofa hotter m Mr . Uunjamiii Mackir . a _respocti . _^ "Utcr , _tSated Crceiiagli , near Loughall , Ireland , dated September 11 th , ISM . _KEsrEfrrei ) _TaiEND _.-Thy excellent Pills have effectually cured me ot an asthma , which atHictcd me for three vears to such an extent that I was obliged to walk mv roi » * in at _™? 1 „ _"T" 2 _?' : ui 1 of bei " ? suilbeated if I went " to bed bv _S ? _K-Ar _« _'fr Bwi &»' taking the _™» . I rubbed _?«?? ,, / , in ? , _S 0 mt , " _? "' to my _chesf nijrht and moruing .-( iugnod ) Bbmawx Macuie . _ _' 1 _' Professor ifoMomnv CURE OF _Tl-l'HUS _FKYER _WIIE . V SUPPOSED TO B £ . ,, i TIIE ! FOINT OF DEATH . female in

      Ad00316

      CAUTION . Unprincipled persons , iakin _* advantage of the celebrity of "DR . LOCOCK'S WAFERS , " attempt to foist upon the public various Tills and Mixtc : us under neavly similar names . The public is cautioned that all such preparations arc spurious and an imposition : the , only genuine Medicine has , besides the words _"l )! t . _Locuck ' s "WAri : ; : ; _-. " on the Stamp , the Si gnature of tlie Proprietor ' s _f *> le Agents , Da Silva and Co ., on the Directions given with-every Box , without which none are Genuine .

      Ad00317

      _UXDEll ROYAL PATRONAGE . PERFECT FREEDOM FROM COUGH , In Ten Minutes after use , and a rapid Cure of Asthma aud Consumption , and all Disorders of ilie Breath and Lungs , is insured bv _FvR . LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFEES . iJ The truly wonderful powers of this remedy havo _billed forth testimonials from all ranks of society , in all _quarters of the world . The following havo been just rec ivod : —

      Ad00318

      PROTECTED BY ROYAL LETTERS _PATEXI DR . LOCOCK'S _FEALILE WAFERS , HAVE _* 0 TASTK OY _JIEDICIXE . THE OKLY MEBICJ . VE _llKCOMilK . VDEI ) TO BE TAKEN BY FEMALES . Price , Is . lid . ; 2 s . !) d . ; and Us . per Box . JH 3 WAKB OF LMITATfO . _N . ? . Unprincipled Persons counterfeit this _Mediciae in tho { brill of FILLS , Ac . _l'urciiaser .-: must theretbre _observe tnat none are genuine but ,: WAr'KiIS , " and that tho words ,. "DR . LOCOCK'S WAFERS" are in , the Stamp outside each box . Oiiseiivc—There are various Counterfeit Medicines , having words on the Stamp so skaw . v iikshmw . i : ;;; tcsse , as to mislead the unwary . Fnrcliuscrs _nicst therefore strictly _observe the above caution . Prepared only by the , _Profirietur ' _sAjrents , Da _Silva and Co ., I , F . ride-lane , Flee t -s S veet , London ,. Sold by all Medicine Vendors .

      Ad00319

      _IXSTAST 13 A !? _-B-LASTIX & CKtK . Price- Is . per Packet . _DKASDE ' S ENAMEL , FOB FILLIMGr D _DRCAYINCt TEETH , and RESa > E 1 ! LS <} TJIALU SOBSD A . \ D _FAlXLiSS , has , from it » _unijuestiouuh !;; ex cclSi-nce , obtained _pfeut popularity a _& _'home and _.-il _.-syad Its . curative agency is based upon a TtiUK TTIKOll Y of tin cause of Tooth-Ache ; and hence to great success . J _!( _lHiUSt other _reum-iies it is _sotiglit . _ti > kill the new , anil so stop tlm pain . Hut to destroy lAi _> _-uu-vu is ' _iUalf aver ? painful _operation aud often leads ' a very _SiiilconssiMtllces , for the iootii thiabecomes a dead , substance Iii , the- Iivhii ; jaw , nml p ' _roduMYS the same an _^ _atst of inii _aisiisition ami pain as _woiihlstisult from any _cliier forei gn _bivl \ onbeddi'd in a HviiiK organ . _JHJ-ANDE'S . liSAiiKl . _iWt rot de- ; irov the nerve , _tatt , by -R _KfjTOIf'JSC THE _SUIJLX OF _THrl i'OOTH , _cosjii'lc-tcly protects , ihe _uei vo . _inyv _culd , heat , or chemical or other agency _Uv . y _.-iueh _pahiis-wnued . Bv foU lowiiii _t tlv ; _sgirectioHs , ' 1 _XPv ; AST HASH \; untamed , and a LAVTiJ . " . ft . CUKE follow ? ,. Full inslm .-lions accompany every _Tiasket . oYelvo months

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 26, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/nss_26051849/page/3/