On this page
- Departments (1)
- Adverts (4)
-
Text (3)
-
Untitled Article
-
BEIGHTON MEETING.
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Ad
A CERTAIN DISEASE CUBED WITHIN OJSE WEEK - AT BBADFOB ^^ ANpXEEDSr _ ; ' - v _ l ^^^^^^^^ - ^^^^ ggSsaajB ^ BEGS to innounce , that in' - orSer to ascommodate ^^^^ n ^ R | SHK 9 BBwH « : those Pa $ i « trta' who have visited him from Bradford , ^ B ^ J ra j il B ± m I k ^ fCfc . ^ Jj ^ ^ B * nd the neighbourhood , he has been induced to attend ^ UBUpHBS ^^ SSa ^ SSHBH ^ H ^ P ^ > ^^ may ^ consulted Vvery Thursday , at ^^ M ^ j ¦ I » jV ! l . "jJNEMnOMBB ^ H - ^ 2 > Dead Lane , n «^ st to the Junction Inn , from ^^ B ^ K ^^^ X ftj ^^^^^ y ^ JH ^^^ H Ten o'clock in the Momisgto Five in the Evening ; ^^^^ Mf ^ HMBI ^ SHBB ™ BBmB | y and during the other days of the week , as usual , at Jus own house No . 60 j Bottom of Templar ' s Street , Leeds . He contitues , with unabated apsiduity , to eradicate every ^ q ) ecies pf mfec ^ HL , ^ In recent cases , » perfect cure is completed within a week , or no - ^ axge made ^ r medicaiieS T 3 ftS ! rthe ~ eSpira . tion of that period ^ and in tbose of the -utmost inveteracy , ' where other ^ practitioners hare failed ^ -a proper perseverance in his plan of trt-arment icsuieg to the patient a safe , - ^ eU gr ounded , ^ and lasting re ^ establishment ., / He hopes that the snccessml , easy , aod expeditious mode he has adopted , of eradicating ever } symptom of a Certain Disease , without any material alteration in diet , or hindrance of business , aad yei ^ jreserving the constitutioii in full ¦ vigour and free from injury , will estabhph his claims for support . At this Disease iS one which is likely to be contracted' whenever exposure tale * place , it is notlikt auny other-risitors , once in Hfe , but on the contrary , one infection may scarcely have been removed , wheD ¦ xaothermsy "urifortunately he imbibed , tiierefbre tie Practitioner requires real ^ ud gmentin order to treav -each particular Case in such a manner as not merely to remove the present attack , bnt to preserve tbf constitution unimpaired , in case of » repetition at no distant period . The man of experience can aT&il himself of the greatest improvements in modem practice , by being able to distinguish between dis . « harges of a ipecific and of a simple or mild nature , whieh can only be made by one in daily practice , « fter due conrideration of all circumstances . In the same manner at birth , appearance * , often take ^ place in children , which call Tor a proper ^ riowleage and acquaintance with the disease , in order to . t facriminate their real nature ,--and whtch may be the means of sowing domestic disoord , unless managed "br the Surgeon with propriety and skill . Patients labouring under thiB Disease , cannot be too ^ ciutiou * -into whose hand they commit fiiemBelves . The propriety of this remark is abundantly manifested . &j the same parry frequently passing the ordeal of several Practitioners , before he is fortunate enough to obtain a perfect cure . The following are some of the many symptoms that distinguish thi . « Disease : —a general debility , eruptions on the head , face , and body ; ulcerated sore throats , scrofula , swelling * in the neck , lodes on the shin bones , cancers , fistula , pains in the head and limbs , which are frequently mistaken for rheumatism , &c . &c . Patients in the country , by stating their cases and enclosing a remittance , may have proper remedies Bent to the amount , with directions so simple and plain , that parties of either sex may cure themselves without even the knowledge of a bedfellow . 8 ^* £ m the greater convenience of his Patients , Mr . WILKINSON will attend every Thursday , iroip Ten in the Morning to Five in lhb EYenine , at No . 2 , De- * d Lane , next to the Junction InD , S&ADFOU ) .
Untitled Ad
In CORteptence ef nuimrtiui applications continually received from Bradford and the Neighbourhood ^ vm of the Proprietors of Dr . Henry ' * French Heroine Pills , will attend every Wednesday and Thursday , at No . 4 , George Street , facing East Brook Chapel , Bradford . ^ TREATISE IS JUST PUBLISHED ON THE VENEREAL & SYPHILITIC DISEASES , AND GIVEN WITH EACH BOX OF DR . HENRY'S FRENCH MER 0 INE PILLS , / CONTAINING plain and practical directions for the effectual cure of all degrees of the above com-\ J plaints—with observations on seminal weakness arising from early , abuses , and the deplorable consel ^ aencea resulting from the « se of mercury , the whole intended for the instruction of general readers , so that all persons can obtain an immediate cure with secrecy and safety . Prepared and sold by the sole Proprietor , at Ko » 16 , PARK BQUARE , Leeds , where they may be consulted as usual . In Boxes , Sa . JfcL and 4 s . 6 d . eaeh . With exch Box is given directioms how to take these Pills , observations on points ieneficial to the patient , being hints worth knowing by those who are , or have been , sufferers from this ctreadmJ and devastating malady . . That cruel disease which has destroyed so many thousands is bow unhappily so well known that a Tecital of its effects is quite unnecessary , its malignant influence extending by inheritance from family to family , and when the great Doctor Henry became professor to the University , he conferred an invaluable Imefit upon mankind "by the discovery of his grand panacea for the cure of this deplorable complaint The certainty with which the Pills are continually administered can be attested by many thousands who « re annually cured by them . What medicine can be more appropriate than that which has given such general satisfaction ? The French Pills root out every particle of the insidious poison , purifying in their "progress the whole mass of fluids . They not only remove the disease hut they renovate by their action "the different functions of the body—expelling the grosser humour , and in a manner so imperceptible aa to Convince the most sceptical of their astonishing and unequalled powers . They neither contain mercury mor any other mineral , and may be taken without the slightest suspicion ofdiscovery ; they require no restraint of diet , loss of time , or hindrance ofbusiness , but effect a complete cure without the least exposure to the patient . At any period when the slightest suspicion may exist it will be well to have recourse to Hie French Pills ; for when taken before the disease has made itsappearance they act as a certain preventive , removing the complaint effectually and secretly . The deplorable state in which many persons have been ¦ "hen visiting the Doctor ( from the use of mercury ) renders it imperatively necessary to caution the public against that dangerous mineral wlen injudiciously administered . The Doctor , after a . n extensive practice of Thirty Years , has rendered his counsel an object of file utmost consequence to all who are labouring under hereditary or deep seated maladies ; to those troubled irith seminal weakness , his advice will be invaluable ; hundreds have owned his skill in these complaints . To the youth of both sexes , whether lured from health by the promptings of passion , or the delusions of inexperience , his advice is superior ; in bis practice he unites a mild gentleness of treatment , and possessing •« p thorough a knowledge of his art , the most deplorable cases afford no resistance to his still . His exten-ST * P raet * k * 3 ren « fered him the depositary of many distressing secrets which are kept with unblemished faith and honour ; to persons so afflicted , it s highly necessary to observe that an early application is of file greatest importance , and that with such a practitioner any hesitation in disclosing their disorder , must amount to a delicacy as destructive as it is false and unnecessary . To the neglect of such attention , are attributable many of those hapless instances , which , while they excite the commiseration of the beholder , aboald also impress him with the fear of self-reproach . . To all such , then , we addresB ourselves , offering ¦ tope—energy—muscular strength—felicity ; nor ought our advances to appear questionable , sanctioned as they are by the multiplied proofs of thirty years' successful experience . Letters ( post paid ) inclosing a remittance , answered by the return of post , and Medicines punctually transmitted to any address , either by initials , or name . Back entrance , West-Street , One Door from St , Paul's Church . With each Box will be given practical observations , gratuitously , on the above disease . The . Doctor will attend daily " at bis principal residence , No . 16 , Park Square , from Eight in tie morning till Ten at night , and on Sunday from Nine till Two , where he will administer advice to any one takin $ > thfse Pills , or anr other of bin Prep arations , without a f « .
Untitled Ad
C . S . CHEDDON'S FAMED HEEBAL TONIC PILLS , "T 71 OR the cure of Scrofula , Scurry , Scorbutic JO Affection ; , Eruptions and Pimples on the face , « r any part of the body , swelb ' ngs or ulcerations in fiie neck , sore Dreasts , and all 'disorders attended ^ ritb painful swellings , or with morbid . and irritating eruptions of the skis , open wounds and sores , as ¦ well as the most inveterate forms o £ Gout and Rheu-Tnatism , contraction of the limbs , enlargement of the Joints , lameness arising from any cause , enlargement of any of the glands , morbid secretions , general debility , nervous affections , lumbago , indigestion , loss of appetite , or where the consituiion has been injured by disease , mercury , or injudicious treatment . '
Untitled Ad
RETURN OF THE DOECHESTEB LABOUEEES ! - ^ Now Publishing , Price Foukpencb , THE VICTIMS OF TOIGGEKY , BEING A STATEMENT OP THE PERSECUTION EXPERIENCED By THE DORCHESTER ^ LABOURERS , AS ACCOUNT OF VAN DIEMAN'S LAND , WITH THE HORRORS OF TRANSPORTATION , FULLY DEVELOPED , BY GEORGE LOVELESS , ONE OF THE VICTIMS .
Untitled Article
The following is Mr . O'Connor ' s speech at the meeting at Brighton , whi . h -we promised far insertion last yeek , and which -we copy verbatim from the JSrigtiton Patriot ;— - ^ Mr-O'CoMNOB then presented himself to the meetmg , and was received with the most deafening plandi ^ As Boon as the cheering had subsided , he Beganto address to themeeting by observing that he felt s «« t happy m thus being permitted to be present at such a meeting- of the working men of Brighton ; . and the nexV pleasure to that was the handsome and candid manner in which the chairman . had opened the business of the evening , who had said that he had considered It" a portion of his dntrtoeiveVrery opportunity for every man to « t .
press bis feelings rally and fairly whatever they might be . ( Cheers . ) Had all men in public office pursued the same course , they would nofrhave hkd occasion to meet there that evening—{ hear , heiar ;>—but it was iq consequence of the contrary dispositi pn of jpublic jpHLcera , of their ^ Jiaregard for all public opinion , that the working men were compelled thng " ^ assemble , to send forth in a voice of thunder their grievances , and their determination to have them I ^ ssed . ( Cheere . ) Such conduct in public officers ? iv 8 * - T ' T ^ brought contempt on the instit a-XSli ? * ¥ wte j . fHear , hear . ) He rejoiced SLl ^ Ae - pleasure of meeting them , becau ^ ie faiew there existed among them a bold and 8 ivaS ^ ^ ^^ PP l ^ e ); and it was 5 * J 2 Sf * 5 H ^ ^* delegate declare ! at the great meeting of the people at Palace Yard that hiJOidewwere ^ noBurrender . " ( ApSuseJ Aid
Untitled Article
tunlirr lecause lit * sttw lueiu properl y reprrsentea ui- . ' a proud portion of the ^ ess ,. for of all the papers he had read , orifr . or&e best , if . not the Very best paper in Englaftl , was the Brig / itak patriot , < Lood cheers ;) He had anotheJ ^ e ^ Ron to Joe tejoiced-at the opp or « tunity ofcjnee&iig 'themtitecause aajfeoosi as-, their shackles ^ ere'fl ^ 6 wn o ' fij-tfaeT aerit aahoneij and determined Radical _ to the House of Commons . ( Cheers . ) Because in selecting him , they sent one : of the best of men to represent ! them , and thereby shewed' their determination to oppose the infernal Poor Law Billto / the death . ! ( Cheers . ) ' Httwas not there to advofeate , without strong and sufficient cause , any re . « ort to violence ; he knew that in it there was no anrnment : he felt that knowtedee onlv
gave " Him power , but if from his ignorance he should go wrong with every good intention , the evil wasnot in him , but in those who , having the means , withheld ' that- knowledge from him . ( Applause . ) As he hadobserved some" disposition to disturb the harmony of the meeting , he would there throw down the gauntlet , and challenge ^ either Whig , Tory , ' or snam-Radical , Jo confront him face to . face , and if he were in error , to point it out to him and teach him the better way . ( Cheers . ) He felt that the challenge was in vain , because he felt that the principles be advocated , in common with the people , were founded in truth and justice ; and therefore . no man would venture to mount that platform , after he had finished addressing them , and move any amendment to the
resolution before the meeting . Some person in the room had the meanness , while Mr . Flowers was addressing them , to ask him if tie paid more wages to his men than his- neighbours . If he might be allowed to answer for Mr . Flowers , he should say . certainly not . ( Applause . ) He ( Mr . O'C . J employed a number . of men , both artisans and agricultural labourers ; but be should be a fool and a madman if he gave to those men more than the market price for their labour . AH he could do , allhe was required to doT was to give them that , and treat them with every kindness and attention while they were ministering to bin comforts and profit . But thuhe would venture to say , that he spent more in advocating tie cause of toe people , which would lead them to better
and happier days , than that individual paid to all his labourers , be he who he might . ( Loud applause . ) They were met there that evening to discuss ' the spirit of Radicalism , and he felt it his duty , so far as in him lay , to show them what these principles were , and where the means for giving thenr effect were to be found—( hear , hear)—and then they would have some hope that they would soon eujoy the blessings of them . ; The . eye of every couuty in England was upon . those who were thus compelled to assemble , because the House of Commons , which wan the people ' s right , did not represent their feelings , but merely played thepartof a clap-trap House of Commons—a moskery and shadow of that it should be . ( Applause . ) The present House of
Commons had been returned upon no principle , but as a trial of strength between the Duke of Cumberland and the Queen . ( Hear , hear . ) The Whigs , on the accession of the Queen , dared not hold * fiice for six months , the time allowed by law , for then the new lists would have been come into operation , knowing as they did that they had become more inimical to the people than the Tories were ; and that , Shylock like , improving upon the examples before them , they had become worse than those they condemned , and had passed acts in coercion of the people to whom they had promised every liberty , — acts which even aTory would have blushed to have thought upon . ( Loud cheers . ) The spirit and mennine of the Reform Bill was suicide committed
by the House of Commons ; they said they did not possess the confidence of the people . That was true . They said it was necessary to open the door of that House to a fresh grade of society . That they had done in their way . Having got so far , and having been continued in power by the determined voicft of the people , what could have been expected of tnem , but that they would have opened-their rejj : n by giving to the people the fruits o * the principles which they had so long advocated with apparent sincerity . ( Hear , hear . ) But what was their first act of liberality ? Why , to pass a gagging bill for Ireland , instead of redressing her grievances , which caused her to be disturbed . ( Shame , shame . J The people of Ireland gave 10 them every support .
and their reward was bayonets and halters . The people had bent before those whom they had exalted to power , and prayed of tnem to be virtuous ; to respect the trust reposed in them , and pass good and just laws ; the people bad never petitioned for bad laws , but they had been passed in opposition to ' . he whole voice ol the nation to pander to the bad purposes of bad men . ( Loua applause . ) Haviug gagged Ireland , what had they done for England ? He was in the House of Commons when my Lord Althorpe moved that the Clerk should read a portion of his late Majesty ' s speech , recommending that they should take the condition of the agricultural interest into their grave consideration . What wan the meaning of th « agricultural interest in a
Parliamentary sense ? Not the relieving the toil of the labourer whose blistered hands could scarce perform the work imposed upon him , —not the better remuneration of those who rise early , and work late , to pander to the luxuries of brainless lords , and gambling landowners , —not the bettering even the onndiH /™ i n £ thamiddle « i « oa—^ D ut that . the worthless non-productive portion of community might be enabled to pursue their worthless avocations , and keep the people in subjection by sustaining war prices . ( Hear , hear . ) _ How was this accomplished ? Wh y by taking five millions a year from the people to put into the pockets of the rich man . Was it then wonderful that the people should not respect that House of Commons which could thus pander to the of the rich
tyranny , at the expence of the working man . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) He had seen it ; and when he , and those who acted with him , complained aloud of snch proceedings , it Has snid , there was a barrier between them aud the good they wished to perform , in the shape of the House of Lords . They believed them , and endeavoured to give them a House of Lords who would promote , instead of retarding , the happiness of the people . ( Cheer * . ) They first proposed a motion , in which he had voted twice , of the removal 6 t the bishops from the House of Lords . But how did those deceitful complainers act , and what did they do ? Why ^ as respects that Reform they pretended to desire , they sent in two new bishops , to begin with .
( Laughter . ) Such were the ways of the Whigs . The difference between the Whigs and the Tones was very great , and nothing in favour of the former . ( Laughter . ) The Tories , long used to favour , were ^ atwfied -. to move in the same sphere they had so long enjoyed , giving at times a something to the people , and carrying on the government in all their majesty and _ pride . _ ( Loud cheers . ) The Whigs , poor in spirit , and imbecile in mind * even when they took office , were so weak , that they were obliged to allow the Tories to remain in quiet possession of all the good things of the state ; while they further robbed the people , by creating new commissions of every description , in which to find snug quarters for their reckless Mends . Were such proceedings worthy of a minister of this country ? ( No , no . and loud
cheers . ) They were compelled to leave Sir Robert Peel at the head of the Government , while they were satisfied with the bones which the Tories left them . Such was their eagernessfor place and power , that they had rot been content to let even the name of gaoler remain upon the books of Newgate , but had built in the Isle of Wight a dungeon for the confinement of those juvenile offenders which their misgovernment made thieves , and of which Lord John Russell was appointed gaoler - ( hear ) , and they now saw in the person of the Secretary of State , the grand gaoler of the nation . ( Laughter . ) Some persons might say it was a very proper employment for him . ( Cheers and laughter . ) ; He had addressed mhny assemblies in large rooms , and thoneh he hkd
seen a few larger , he had never beheld such an immense assemblage of the people in so fine a one before . He wondered how they got there to place over the head of their chairman such a banner as that which now graced the-wallsi with such a motto , - " unity is strength . " ( Cheers . ) So it was ; aW their opponents well knew the force of the sentiment and therefore it was that they had scattered over the face of the land their gaols and Poor Law Bajstiles . ( Hear , hear . ) When he entered the town , from Worthing , he was ^ struck with , the splendour and magnificence of the mansions which every where met hw eye ; . distress seemed banished from the land ; but when he strolled into the back streets , of the town , and . witnessed there the existence ' of the
squalid poverty m house of the poor man , barely protected by theroofof some ^ hundred : year * standing , he could but" ask—whence all thi / disparity between man and man ? ( Hear . ) The people of thistown resided ^ inder the eye of the CourTaid no doubt it would s&n be grace * with the presence of royalty ; but he was happy to see that itsSazzling innuencehad ^ not been able to suborn thd : spirit Of liberty and independence in the people . ( Cte ^ k ) If upo ^ the ^ anavalof her Majesty that toast , which wa * hedged itt ; all . Bocietieg , by all parties ^ « the peopfe , the legitmiate source of power ? ' was given , he would deny allegiance to any one who held sway over them under less than Universal Suffice . ( Liind her to % oV herself upon- the protection oY the people , with Universal Suffrage , she herald fmd more ai in tne
« secunw resong- on nghts of , the people than she dbes . tmder the baneful influence- of the ? oppressors ; - ¦ ( I ^ pud cheers . ; ; It waVfo r the purpose of pattmg them m possession of an ^ their ^^ rights ttat he wiledBpon ihe people : to join him heart aid tind ^ n carrying out the principles of the People " * Charter . XCheere . ; The ^ object was not toS ? M ^«^ S ; ' »^^ rapsl ^^ fgr |*« j remove the decay wMch time hal ^ ctea ^ orfrkr ^ TSSSdlS of the su ^^ ding world . f Cheers . 1 Jew SS we « Te ^ nred _ togovemand direct the pSsS uu&tutioiw of the country ; ( Hear . ) ft wSt
Untitled Article
possible tar yithf . r the Whigs or 'lories longer to resist the growing power which intelKgence ^ was fast spreading amongst the people . Should they uresume upon such a daring course r hes would ;^ them thatthe ^ peoplewould meotthemjandwould > prbve aimateh- < br theiq ^ all .: ( Looi ^ heersi > ItWas ; tree that thjeyTinght continue to hold power for a -short period by the corrupt means they at the moment possessed ; but he would tell them it would be at theu desperate peril ; If their intelligence and intellect could be taxed , they would see his little countryman . Spring Rice , turnJBrain jGuager General to' tBg ^ kingdom , and knocking , at every man ' s head , he would say , "My friend , you possess a pretty good sample of : knowledge here , you must be taxed lUdin
wviys . . Ihe £ 1 . for your possession of it ; but when he should arrive at Downing-street , and tap at Lord Melbourne ' s foreheacl , he wotild say , "My Lotd , you are Texempt i for I find nothing here to taau ( Loud cheers and laughter . ) The cunning Wlugs were bow ; using every effort to tarn the current of public opinion , which they found setting in too strong for them to contend with , by telling the people to pursue something that was tangiblef Go >^» ai d that immaculate organ ofthe ^^ Whigs , the Sun , endeavouring to shine through the light of the True Sun—for a repeal of ^^ the Corn Laws , and we will joinyou ; blithe ( Mr . O'Connor ) would not give a nwhfor the repeal of the Corn Laws , if they had pot Universal ^ Suffrage to secure a nortion of the
oenetits accrueing from that repeal to the people * he would not give a fig for the repeal of any bad law , if they had not Univereal Suffrage to commence upon . ( Cheers . ) Let them have that virtuous law to commence the reign of their virtuous Queen , and it would be the means of making it peaceful , because her people would be happy . ( Cheers ;) After receiving the education his intellect could command , he found himself veiled in the dhrkness ofignornnce pntil . he mixed with his fellow men , who were suffering from the inhumanity of those in power . Let no man , whatever his mental acquirements mi <> ht be , be talked of to him as a fit person for a legislator , if he had not humanity in his breast . ( Cheers . ) He had looked at men welland he would not give one
, farthing for a Radical in the House of Commons , if it he was not sent there and supported by a Radical constituency . [ Hear , hear ] He should ever contend that the constituencies were in every place to blame that more was not donej and the proof he would adduce was the fact of every pure Radical Member having at the last election heen turned out of his seat in the House of Commons . What then did that prove ? Why that the Whigs and the 1 ones have said , " Let us be warming-pans to each other ; let us keep out the people ; and have anything rather than a Radical . [ Hear , hear . ] They had always dreaded this , and why ? Because they knew that in a thorough Radical Member the unrepresented would have a voice in the House of
yommons winch would command respect . [ Cheers . ] Let them now only look at the Composition of the House » f Commons . In one corner you see a pack of lords , and are they all agreed ? Oh ! no ! bark like dogs in the house , but all agreed against the people out of it . Then there was a crew ofadniirals . Are iSey agreed ? Oh , no ; fighting like derils in the house ; but all agreed to put the poor on short allowance out of it . There is a mess of colonels ? Do they agree ? Oh , no ; fighting to the cannon ' s mouth in the house , but alt agreed to turn them on the oppressed people out of it . Tkeu there is a pack of fox-bunting baronets and landowners . Well , are they agreed ? Oh , no ; ever talking of ministering to the comforts of the poor , in the house , but locking them in bastiles to
up starve out of it . Then last , though not least , in the mischievous list , appeared the members of his profession , the barristers , who were the worst set of all , as they were so well practised in every species of triekery , and which they always turned to their own account at the expense of those whom they pretended to serve ^ Cheers . ) How then was it possible that a House ofCommons so constituted : could possess any fetjing for the creatiireii they were every day devouring . ( Cheers . ) Was it for such men to talk of the ignorance of the people , which they we ' ll knew that it was their intelligence which at the present moment sustained the Queen on the throne . ( Cheers . ) The people did hoc lack intelligence , but they required a little more morality , for would the people practice but strict
morality tor one quarter of an year , the Chancellor of the Exchequer would have a docket struck against him . When the present Lord Brougham waB once in the north , he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had christened him Slashing Harry , " from the circumstance of a horse of that name being femarkabie for his power and swif'ness . but somehow or other they could never get him to run honestly . ( Laughter . ) Well , what had " Slashing Harry , " said ? Why , that every man should lay up enough in his youth to keep him in his old age , _ without being a burthen to the parish That was his advice at the very moment when he was working a bill through the Houses of Parliament
to _ augment his own retiring pension from £ 4000 to £ 5000 a year . Surely he might have saved enough to have kept him without being a burthen to the nation . ( Cheers . ) He had been accused of recommending the people to resort to physical force ; but he recollected that Lord Brougham said once at Sheffield ^ when the news of the three days of July in Paris arrived in Enei <*» 0 » tu «> lio Kopcd to live lo see the day when little boys wbuld play at football with the heads of kings . " Slashing Harry" had also said , in 1815 , that if the project of placing a Bourbon on the throne of France was persevered in by England , it wouldjustify even a revolt .
But the beauteous toy so fondly sought , Had lost its power by being caught . And " Harry" was no longer the advocate of physical force . He regretted to know that upon such Ministers , as the J 3 uke of Wellington , moral force had but little effect . Let them not suppose that Catholic emancipation was obtained from him by any agitation or moral force displayed through the paid agitator , Mr . O'Connell —( hear ) . It was no such thing . It was because the Duke found that the 32 nd regiment , then stationed in Ireland , had to a man subscribed to the Catholic rent-r- ( hear , hear ) . Let them not suppose that the Duke would have suffered Earl Grey to have been returned to off * re upon the passing of the Reform Bill rf he could
have depended upon his people , but wii ^ n .. u - to all the officers to know if they could be depended upon if resistance was offeredvthfiy all replied " No " ( cheers ) . And he ( Mr . O'C ) , well knew that the first shotfiredupoh thepeople wouldset fireto every manufactory in the kingdom —( hear , hear , hear ) . They knew how averse thepeopleof this country were to be compelled to resort to physical force ; but if they strained the cord too tight , let them beware of its breaking —( hear , hear ) . Why did he contend for Universal Suffrage ? Because it was the ancient ¦ law of thp land ; and When it was so , there were no taxes directly , or indirectly on the labouring man but they were levied from the estates of the rich . Then the poor man was nrotected and hi » lahmir
rewarded , until the 7 th Henry VI . * when encroach ^ inents began to be made ; but it was left to that inhuman monster , Henry the Eighth , to complete the wholesale plunder his predecessor had begun ; to minister to his beastly appetite , and infamous propensities . ; Had the people of this kingdom a fair remuneration for , and fitting enjoyment after their labour , would they be found at meetings like the present ? Wh y were they assembled in thai Hall that night ? Not that they regarded him , who was a strapger to them , but because they respected the principles which he adypcated-rKcheers ) , and which , with their steady adherence , he hoped speedily to turn to a good account . But they ought not to be placed in the situation , to compel them after the toil
of the week , to leave their homes to listen to him , to hear the course they must pursue to obtain a redress of the grieTanceflfit was the duty of their representatives to prevent—( hear , hear . ) But they were tol 4 that the pressure of the times demanded the sacrifice from the people ; that he positively denied-- ( h ear , hear . There was npti at least there need not be , ahv poverty in the country if it were not for the infamous abstraction from the labour of the poor man , to fill the pockets of the rich- ^( hear , hear . ) If the resources gained by machinery were well and properly directed they would prove the / poor man's holiday , and not , as now , his curse ; and he Would be enabled in half a day to earn sufficient to live upon , andMvesomething forhis old age , while his
leisure time would be devoted to the improvement of hig moral and intellectual capacities —[ applause . ] He should never set himself down satisfied till 6 verr man in this kingdom was . enabled to obtain at a fair . and ^^ moderate rent , a small port ionof land ,: which hecouldcultivate independent and without fear of the aristocracy . ( Cheers . ) Then there would be no agitating for thepurpose of gaining their rights and liberties . There was . certainly Adiff . erence . betwejBn the agitation in England and in Ireland . Herethey were living dependant from hand to mouth , and could not afford to act independently of their employers ; whilethe Irish took good caretojayia . ^ six months' store of potatoes before they began ,, ( Laughter . ) It was calcnlateoVsome fe « T y / W « g ?» that one hundred thousand persons ro 8 e . fromjtheii sleep in Loridbn ' every morning withputlcnpwing -where to go forattaVa ' inealf' Wks « m . ? state of things right ? Let them look at the situations that
such a masa of persons were placed i ^ i dependantSubjectsoh any bne who would employ them r p ^*** calculated that one hair of them might bfethieyes ^ f they were . whomadeithem sd ? & . the nch ^ thieves to be sure . ; [ Hear , heaij . ] Was there a rich man who rose in the kingdom who w < ^ ^^ afe the law he ^ himself had made ^ -wv " ^ : wenmstanc es ? ganger it was sai d would break thfotjgh ^ tone walls ; 'and ^ whichof tte nch , wno condemned the poorv ' would not , if he SJfin ^ ° w n ? ^ fy ^ * " ^ ngs of natafe and to nil the bellies of his starving wifeand children Not mt ^ ( Cheers . ) . They were toldthat the people wereto blame , fpr such agtate of things ; EyerV-man was bornpo 8 se § sedof certain feelings and propeniii . n ? , which -w ^ re matured , . virtuous , or vicious , in proportion to the treatment they received , and the examples tto y : witnessed . ( Hear , hear . ) ' Let the peoplebutsee ^ that they were pro tected , mithiir
Untitled Article
lnterestH cared tor by their representatives , arid all would be harmony and union . England had suffered under the affliction of . ' a long and expensive . war , which ended where it began , and left her 800 millions in deb t , but even that would fee nodnhg , did'it hbt furnish the means to unprincipled men , to oppres ? her through it ; butbaa as the debt-, was , it was as nothing compared to that which she pay * through local abuses . ( Hear , hearj For evtry corporate body , created under , the Corporation Reform Bill , as it is called , produced under the auspices of Whigs , dipped further into the pockets ofj the laboaring classes . Thiskingdoni consists of three classe » j the landed , the commercial , and the labouring classes , the latter of which was unrepresented in the House
of Commons . Upon the close of the war ^ the landlord , whohadbeen in the enjoyment of high rents found their property , as they called it , injured , upon which they levied a tax , 60 per cent , on food to enable them to obtain war prices in time of peace , and which , enabled them to obtain £ 90 for-every £ 60 they had lent to the country , while they were enabled to purchase all other articles at a fair price : then as a finish , they got PeeFs Bill to -maintain them in their unfair positions . Whatbad the people got ? Why , a commission to humbug the : poor hand-loom weavers , which commission went about the country putting questions without meaning , and recording answers they did not understand themselves . ( Laughter . ) War was never wholesome
for a community , but was practiced b y the aristocracy for the purpose of plundering nation ! ' , that they might live upon the people in time of peace . ( Hear , hear . ) Why had we not been to war long before this ? Because , as Slashing Harry once said , we were once bound ia bur own recognizances of £ 800 , 000 , 000 to keep the peace to all the world . ( Loud laughter . ) The consequence was , that we were insulted by all the world . Russia had heaped insults upon this nation , which would long since have placed her in a warlike . attitude , but for Our debts and the terror of the leaders that the soldiers would not be true . ( Cheers . ) What good effects had the Reform Billproduced ? Haditreduced the debt one pound ? No , but it had increased it : for
though Little Spring Rice had not dared to borrow more money , he had increased the issue of Exchequer Bills , of which they must pjty the interpgt , which was the same thing . It was well inown that but for the savings of the poor men , vested in the Saving Banks , that nothing could have saved the Chancellor of the Exchequer ; and yet he is one who denies the representative power to the very men whose hard earnings enabled him and bis colleagues to continue in office . They were told that those very men who had saved the credit of the nation were unworthy of a voice in the choice of its councillors . He would tell them they never should coerce the people , till they planted a bayonet at every breast , or put a halter round everv neck .
( Loud cheers . ) He might be permitted here to speak a few words with respect to Ireland . He never could forget that it was the land of his birth , though the world was his republic . ( Cheer ? . ) He was satisfied that it was on English ground the battle of Ireland must be fought , for neither could be free while the bonds of slavery existed in either . ( Cheers . ) England never ought , nor ever should , if he could avoid it , have justice done her while it was withheld from Ireland . ( Loud cheers . ) He considered that the present Irish policy was the worst that could be pursued . He had been returned free of every expense , by the largest majority in the kingdom , for a Catholic county , though he was a Protestant ; but he could see no reason whv his
Catholic brethren should not enjoy every privilege he partook of . ( Applause . ) The Whigs had now been in power , and fighting , for these last seven years , for Ireland , and what had they done ? Why , kept their places , and accepted of what Sir Robert Peel offered thorn at that time . Was there ever such a set of nincompoops in the world . ( Loud laughter . ) Why did they rot give up the reins of government into the hands of those who can rule , or place the people in their proper potation to enable them to choose rulers for themselves ? ( Cheers . ) Oh , but , they say , we are not prepared for it ; the pnople are not in a fit state to exercise their rights with propriety . The more to the shame-of their rulers . ( Hear , hear . ) They said exactlv the-same
thing of the blacks in the West Indies , and therefore they gave them seven years of probation to learn to exercise their freedom . Let them while they had the power—fhear , hear )—grant to the people Universal Snftrage . and they would soon see . a right use made of it . He did not ask for it at once ; let them have it in prospective . Let the ppople , as it were by animal magnetism , in 1840 , shake the hand of freedom with the slave ? ( Cheers . ) What would be the effect of the introduction of such , a bill ? Why the people would have Universal Suffrage from the day of its passing , and when the time arrived there would be nothing to do , for all parties would become at once so industrious in removing every black account on the booksthat when we went to
, look , we should say , " Well , we did not expect this ; you have been such good clerks that we will give yon another year to complete your work , and then , if you continue your industry , you shall retain your situations . " ' ( Cheers and laughter . ) He recollected that they were told , when the Reform Bill passed , that tha Hniwfl n f Commons would he suot a disagreeable place , that no gentleman would be found to enter it ; but they still found the same parties as ever to inhale its atmosphere . The same cry was now raised against Universal Suffrage . But Jet not the people be afraidyfor they would still find Sir R . Peel and others quite asdesirous of being there then , as now . ( Applause . ) Sorely the puriry of the House could not be at present too great , composed it ot
as was Dramiess lordships , ruined gamblers , and supporters of every vice . He recollefited a very characteristic anecdote told of an old gentleman who wished to see London , and , in the course of his perambulations , he thought fit to drop into a gambling-house , just to see what was passing , and who was there ; there he found plenty . of such as compose a great portion of the legislators : of the day ; when , thinking that he must pay for peepinff , he contentedly lost a pound or two ; but , in taking out his nurse , he accidentally dropped a £ 50 note under the table . Discovering his loss after he had left the house , he returned * and the servant , seeing him looking about , asked him what he had lostbeing informed , he said , "I have picked it up sir . here it
is . " " How very fortunate for me , " said the ° ! gentleman , " that none of the gentlemen Picked - it up . " ( Hear , hear , and loud . laughter . ) In the House of Commons , there was one person connected with a party , called the whipper-in , whosa duty it was , when a division was likely unexpectedly to take place , to bolt out cf the house , jump into any cab he may see standing near the place , and drive to all the nrothels , gambling-booses , and club houses , and there beat up all the Votes he could with all dispatch ; and if it should so happen one of these days that the question of Universal Suffrage shonld be likely to come to a speedy vote , it would hot be surprising to see some of the members running from such reputable places , half undressed , with their ciotnes
aangling on their arms , ( Loud laughter . He was determined upon a strong and severe moral 8 trnggle for the cause , for they were not going to give the poor mau ' s labour , early and late , for nothing . He was willing , he was desirou- , of trying ev . ry moral means , even to down bending ^ to obtain his end ; but , if the object could not be obtained by any other means , then , arid then only , was he for the employment of physical force .. ( Loud and loig continued cheering . ) It would be for the govedamerit of the day to say when that moment should arrive ; but he would say , God forbid it ever should ( Hear , hear , hear . ) He trusted it never would ; for he was not so unfeeling as to believe that there in this day existed so mnch evil in the breasts of men
but that government seeing the moral determination of the people to be free , would do something to prevent a collision . Though the men of Birmingham as they had been lately told by an official , were not the men of England , yet it could not he , forgotten that the men of Birmingham forced Eaft ( Jrey ba ^ k into office upon the reform ; adesfidfl *^((^ EreW ;>^ aDd it would be remeinbered that those very men were nowunited with the whole of their brethreri of the north and south , which they never had been before . ( Cheers . ) He knew their prayer would be opposed by both Whig and Toiy ^ who would offer them' the ballot , and manyother things in . the stead of it ; but their answer must be " we do not want the scabbard , till we have the sword to sheath ia it . " As he never made set
a speech , but , took objects as they flashed acrosshis mind , he mi ght be permitted Ui > returji to Ireland . From the rapid mearis ^ of , communication between the two countries [ there . wpnld be a much greater spirit of competition ^ be ^ e ^ n ihieni in the labour market ; arid depend ripoii it Irishmen would never allow the men of this epiintry to work fotla . shilling a day ^ while theygethrit sixpence . 'The competition was fair ; justj arid right , he had ever contended , because they were ,: or should be . all as one nation . ( Applause . ) His great desire wag to sye one fair rate of wages which would enable every man : . to live in comfort from the produce of hia labour . If that was the case , ithey would not then , ias mmri see men making . a hundred ; thouiandpouadiJin three or four years by the . labpur of poormen . > SucheviIs were entirely the result of ouf preserit bad system of represeiitation . Was it not unfair that Shorelarid
8 noulu send two members to parKamerife while the whole county , of Cork -8 > ht no morB ? ' He looked favourably to the payment of : member ^ because he coasidered they . wstild-therid ^ theirduty , and do the work of ¦ the people » instead of as no ^ r doing theirown ; , Hc was iii , favour of a non- ^ nalification for members , as he ^^ could riot consideMtiust that England and Ireland should be co nipelled to find a mail possessed of three or six hundred a , year in land and - property to \ represent them , 'while the people of Scotlaad were exempt from ! soch a lay , arid could send whpiri they pleased ; yet no fault was ever to be found with < rhe men they selected- . Mr . O'Cdniiellhad declaredagainst the pagjneiit of members , which waa very ungenerous on his par ^ geeing that he was pretty considerably paid for doing mischief . ( Cheers and laughter . ) Mr . O'ComieU said , hewas opposed to their . views , becauselie felifliey could riot be worked out . Why not ? What wa »
Untitled Article
the -reason toey could not ? At all events thev c ^ ^ out to ticefcMand thanSg tton had , which had worked only for her miserS fe « gain > ( Gheers . ) He felt that the ^ au se ?^ Whteous one , that it was the cause b ^ God ' « , ? Sheer « T ^^ t ^? 1 ^^^^^ ( cneers . ) if there had been |> eace abroad . ? fcS there been peace at home ? Had there not beS massacre mlreland . Had he not seen thirteen 2 bodies stretehed upon the ground at once $ & scattered round , lay twentv-thrPP « S ? ?* wounde ^ . . fW i n / ifiSgt ^ ajSSfflr upon the lifeless bodies of her ! two sons , 8 n& alternately the streaming blood which flJwed fe uicrcreoi
i . . 7 r " , * " ^ n er twochildren wU hadieftherinth momingin the bloom ? S unstained . by ; crime . That he had seen ^ at S cormac when tithes were : attempted to be eatS at thej , omt of thebayoriet , : A ? NewcaSlS lately seen ^ a tody , of . respectable and ^ Sk citizen ^ of this country roughly divided ^ toiZ departments by the military ; and he sawthe co 2 mandw of those troops strutting before the huS with bis drawn - wrorS | asin defiance -and he"SS theneople ^ tand . fast in peace , and he said Ad £ crehon u the better part of valour , ^ ' arid the neont hadit all on theirsiSe . ( Cheers . )' : The ^ yo ^ S of twenty-one yews of age , the producer ^ anl S 8 D i i l « - l were to bave no voice in the naS while the Queen r-he spoke not disDaraeinrfv . Q
oniy as a means of argument , —at eighteer i ^ earirt agewasatlibertT to sanction law * give JftSS ttem , exercise-nercy , ^ God / S ^ eatesAttribute ? w direct the execuaon of a fellow being . She at eighteenyears . of age was empowered to do aH thk while men at twenty-one were not fit to be trtstS with a vote . ^ Were not such anomalies ridiculous ? Was it not snfficienvto bring every existing govern raent into disrespect arid contempt ? The peoDk looked on , and smiled at these things , because ther wished for peace ; but the people had borne or > B l ^ w . A ? v ? - ^ ° Namely' and they wowfi nnd that that which was at first but custom , woiild settle down into coriimon law which was far
, mpn binding upon the people than all the statute lam ever passed ^ by manr therefore , let them bewaR how they suffered bad customs to settle upon thea . For his ^ part , he would rather die free than tive ^ fc riave of any one . ( Loud cheers . ) The Poor Law Bill was notyet the law of the land , nor would it ever be . ( tfear , hear . ) But what mattered t £ Poor Law to them ? " Slashing'Harry " said ^ ther were iri ^ situauon tolay up for their old age . Hw many ofthemhaddone so ? Did he alwlys spei without thinking , . as m this case ? Did te k \ iow that if every working man was to lay up but two shillings a-week , they would , in the first quart © have all the gold and silveriri the nationiin 1 ^ next
quarter me . mole ot the cosper would be h tbeirpossession ; the third would * ee them graspi ™ all the bank notes V * ni , in the lorioui , fo ? quarter , would find them masters of the tithes & 2 cause they must have theland . ( Loud Jieers V ^ he know that they would be laying by twb-thirf » of the amount of the national debt , and wWe th ^ was it to be deposited ? Dr . Bowring , the Us h « man of the Whigs , had been lately sent roukd & world to learn arid teach the inhabitants the u » 7 f free trade . ( Hear . ) He was now returned , andM , masters had soori found hitn fresh employment in sending him round this country to humbng the ne * pie by the same talk , and dwell on the iniquity of tie Corn Laws for the purpose of directine their attenHrm
trom L niversal Suffrage . He talked well , but he was not honest , for he never told the people that when he talked of free trade it was a mere chimera , and not a substance ; he did not tell them thatewrT commodity was enhanced in price by the taw he did not tell them that every head in this countrJ was mortgaged for £ 157 ; he did not tell them that in Switzerland , where corn and wine was free , there was no National Debt ; he did not tell them tliatif we w ° u ' trade with that free country , we must fast of all beat down . the various extortions bur good ? were subject to before we could presume to talk of free trade . ( Applause . ) First , he would say ^ pre them national free trade , and let theni begin by cut . l ] VS the ears—the long ears , he mean ^ ofthe bishok
mac religion , tne Word of God , should pass withont taxation . Let every man follow his own teacier and they would all return to their houses as well in ' structed after a practical discourse from the lips of i humble but true follower of the gospel , as they wonll if they heard it from the lips of a bishop , who took from them £ 15 , 000 a-year besides land . ( Cheepj . ) He said , let the Church of God stand upon its om resources . ( Cheers . ) Letthem get rid of all tb pensioners living upon the labours of the poor man , but not in the way the Whigs did by taking off ten thousand , and putting on another of fifteen . Let the nch bear the burthens of payment , for everything which pampered to their enjoymenty or assisted
them ^ n gain ; not , as now , letting the poor man pat for all . Even the Exchange ^ " where merchants most do congregate , " could not be rebuilt afteutj late burning , but the poor man ' s coaU iriust be taxed to raise it in fresh splendour from its ashes . What poor man ever frequented or made a profit from toe Exchange ? [ Hear , hear . ] He was for the alto , the throne , and . the cottage . He was for the altar , becansie he wished to see it the footstool of his God , and . ndn the couch ; of Mammori ; He wns for the Thronej but he wisTaed to see the sceptre-nwaved hj truth arid justice , and not wielded to uphold tk neb , and oppress the ppor . He way for the cottage , but he wished-to see it the castle of the poor man not
ana tne den ot the slave . [ Loud and continued cheering . ] He would support the Church by the adoration of his God , he would support the thrnns by the affections of ther people . If that were Iresson , theu was he a traitor . [ Loud cheers . ] Had eyery man , out of office and in ^ done their dufy , all evil would have beeri prevented , or at most a gentle tone would have whispered to the ear of the Monarch the wishes of the people ; but now he feared ariolent rush would find its way . ' to ! the presenceof the palace , to inform her Majesty of the wrongs tinder whichherpeoplesuffered . Itwasnotrightthatthe should be coinpelled to meet in thousands to oil over their wrongs , and the nedectof theirHntv hr
their representatives . Against such proceeding there never was so great a display of moral force since the existence of the world . He bad attended many public meetings in the country , but he had never found the people noisy or ill-behaved . He had never as yet advocated the employment of physical force , or bad he been called upon to retractipne word in his life , because he was convinced that a vituperation there was no argument , and becansehe never addressed himself to the paBsions of the people , whose cause : he had never ceased to advocate [ Hear , hear , arid , cheers . ] H * had never asked 4 place from any Government , or would he ever accept a placerinijer any Government which was not
based upon Universal Suffrage . ( Cheers ;) He newr accepted of one-farthingfrpinariy party for his advocacy of those prmciples which he considered just , nor ever would he , and that was why he . wa ? at * tacked b y ' the press as a man " - . ' who was no leader He admitted that hef was a follower or a leaders ' the case might be il he was a leader , it wasonlj oecauge he chanced to bit upon the right track M He hoped the day was riot far distant wrben the people would be able ' to define what their rights were , and that when thejr once ktiew them , that ' they would at . all hazards riaaintain them . The W ® pt without any pretensibri to virtues of their own , * ere contmually-cryirig ^ ut . " at all ^ vents-we arebettfl
than the Tories ¦; ' ? but at all eventa he never could discover it , for the Tories had neverdared to entrendi upon the liberties of thepeople as they had ¦ ¦ &&-( Cheers . ) They had now tried Ihe precious WmP for wveri years ; arid though some might say , ; 'W » the immortal Shakspearey that . «• 'tis better ' p ¦ te ff the ills we have , than to fly to omers that « rein «* not : of , ' yet'ther 1 tnew the evils of the two »;* i « they knew , that thetWhigs had locked up f tertOW hooses of the nation to pander I to their viciooi . o * pesitioris : ; . and theri they impudentiy told th « peop « there wa » not enough left to reward theai for p e H labour . His ^ ily ^' desire was to increase ihtp ^ prosperity of the ic ' owntrv ' , and thereby to prom °
th « happiness of all . He -waji in the Hoaser Connrions on thajb memorable nignt wheo ^ fK mortal Cobbett so eriergeticallypleaded thec » n « « the thirty ^ ongarid litHe factory ^ made all his hearers shoddier at the dreaidftfl jwPj he drew of the aufferings and miseries they taw ? to » fill the pocketslof ^ their master ^ imd dte « 8- ^ gaudy robeai the- floated aiistocracy . ^ "hat . J ^ awaited them after their wasted forma could ¦ w longer crawl to iflHale the heated atnipsphere ^ nM manufactorT ?? Theyveretherireceived at «^ P ™ of the bastile , where- they Imgered outifpern « W some wearyyearij , when . theur ^ bdhes where nw ^ OVAF th tha mraorm tn lni > raaaa tWa Vnnwifiatfe 01 ™
surgeon , ^ for the bejaefit of tiie arbtocracy . ' ^^ living or dead £ ! th «^ j » oor were subservierit to W ** . ofthe rich . ^ " Such waa t | ie fate of the poor JffiW taritsof thaitcatmtry which was called / theMW * . the world . Good God how different to coritrasttD » «? ene with the gOfgebus pageant of the" ^ ixttt * ¥ \ luxury and pleasure reigned supfeme . = ( Appla *** TheyVere . told that $ hose who diedinthe . sfl eP ^ Laiw Bastiles were . not murdered ; h bnt -the to * mnst soon arriye- whep the advocates pf that ey 8 ^ ¦ wiU stand before ; that , fiirone where the ciWJ murder wiUfe judged . ^ cording to the law of Um aridriot the ^ laws' of man . V ( Cheers . ) That wool * T » e ' an awMdaf'for &eni .-mai-thftw ^ re . it was R ' could
duty of the p ^ jpiev as gdod'Cbiistiaris , to M 2 step forwafd r- « bdi ^ rev ^ rit wMiither ^^ agre accumulation , ot crime . " ( Cheew . ) ¦ Heshoulo i ^ take his leave of ffljem ^ trnsarig that the *** & * * « ancethus bl ^^^ If hehadadvance ^ aat . which was * rofig , ^ -f ^ A in premises . that were untenaplei . some land mi " would cbnae forward arid tell him of his error . ' . »» thanked them -ibr th ^ &ana ^ me ' mariner ui f w ? they had diichar ^ dfliea duty to theicause in , *^ - thejr , were , enabled . ftThey might depenaW y hiin , \ he was ready to ^ rgojwith then ^ as Jsr " - ; jconld , for he sawrno danger , as , ftftoe ^ no J £ " —( cheers)—and fie should die «« & *•* H sea dear lover of liberty , ( Tren ^ endoua cheenng . ) ; v
Beighton Meeting.
BEIGHTON MEETING .
Untitled Article
¦ ¦> - ¦ ¦ . ¦ _ : .., ^ T L * : * pjmm # m : .,, i o ^ &i&&
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 6, 1838, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1026/page/2/
-