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TO BE OR NOT TO BE . TO ALL THOSE WHO LITE BY LABOUR . vt f » ie > "DS , —The hour for whidi I have so long ^ ated its at length arrived . We must now prore ^ T ^ er tbe people we & faction or & party ; -whether * gport of faction or the " legitimate soured of ill T& " All that we ask for , all th&t we want , all ^ -re desire is now within our gawp . Yes , I say r ^ re c&n now hare the Charter—the Charter or jibing—tne Charter or worse than nothing . Worse ton nothiE ? , anything else yon take in lieu thereof , gst be ; and for this reason , any thing short of the ^ ter will tend to destroy all hope of accomplishing ivj measure . jjy friends , I must mate every sentence in this letter jjoo « one . The Whigs have lost themselYes by rdrisx spon one rote-master instead of the nation , te support We have bean lost for want of the ' eo--peation of Ireland . Nothing can insure us that "PJpgrstion bnt a Tory squeeze . Ireland has heard ^ 2 ij 2 £ bnt the nurse's lullaby of " Huah-a-by j ^ t ! * » hae the Whigs were gorging the hungry T jii patriots . Ireland has never yet spoken out for vgseif . A Tory schoolmaster alone can teach her people v to speak ottt- Ireland has sunk immeasurably in
mu scale of nations , and in the estimation of the gglisfc , by her support of the coercing , police-enact j 3 ^ jpot- " iralloping" Whigs . Ireland has harked the •^^ gs on . But , dont mistake me , I must distinguish between Ireland and the Corn Exchange , although the jpah are highly censurable for their blind , their servile jad sycophantic follewicg of such cold-blooded leaders UeUnd , then , k * ch&ered the Whigs in their every gjj ^ jaglij against English liberty , and the English wcule . Irish representatives have voted for every yyj measure . The Irish leader tendered his services fe , pa * , do-sra ths English Chartists , and has threatened ttj jjiili Chartists with persecution .
Yoa owe it , then , to Ireland to prove what the fgi character of the English people is , and what their 20 ] feeliEgs towards Ireland are . England cannot do £ ii t 21 Ireland is in need of her support Ireland fin not profess to need her support until the national jjood-aounds , the orange faction , and the shooting £ zrefc are again sanctioned in their atrocities by a fay ( JoTernment . Ireland cannot be better till she is te rt f if passible —the crisis has to come ; it is at hand , jsBffif rca . ¦ Rcen the Tories come in they will make a drive at jjeland . England will then return good for evil , ana jar every blow aimed at Ireland , England will hit jitliad ' s oppressors two for it They sJiall . not again ictihier the Irish peop le , OR ELSE .
Eyeia then , my friends , rests-the distinction . Under jWbig Government the energies of Ireland will be fcfpi in a dcze , for the benefit of parliamentary jobias ; while under a Tory Government her energies will fc sKHised , and instead of speaking through the Corn jicfciiige penny trumpet , she will make the land ring rlsi fcer srentorian alas of the Charter . Too sse , as 1 predicted in my last letter to O'Ma'ley , CConneU his , in my very words , said that " Ire ' iZitiSiifij io trpid irfyor . d htr own limits . ' This is to jp . t » money , nothing else under heaven . Oppression » B 1 jItfsts make a p 3 ople subscribe for those who no / ess to combat it
liia I shew yon that Ireland must get a taste of lEjism before Irishmen come to their senses . Whig pasccatkm has done more for the Charter than we eBold have otherwise accomplished for years . I rqoiee in my solitude , because it has served the tjsse , sad I shall rejoice when I hear of five hundred Broeskrs or Chanists being sent to Irish prisons for poBissl offences , and then the work will be begunilraij it has begun ; but they shall not die there , or Esjst there , as we have been allowed to die and linger is fcriisd .
for the erst time in Irish history , the people are bypTvtTig to Epeak for themselves ; action fellows j pasi- 0 , what delight the letter of Bropby g&re me ! 0 , That it £ nite joy the eloquent , manly , the powerful , fix able , and convincing Address of the Executive of ( be >" aiional Charter Association to the Irish , must have prea as all ! But what Irish paper will publish it ? Aks : " there ' s the rub . " Ireland , then , I gay , must be had , and Ireland can « 6 J ? be hid by driving her into the arms of the English fcr sneeour , comfort , and support I vritt pledge all itgUuid and Scotland on behalf of Ireland ichen she eis for red justice .
Jfcj mends , in this struggle every man will 'be known kin works . Yoa have > aaciwnd ibo wtouaot between n . ' I thank yon all from my sonL I thank you for yon response to my appeal You say " you trill stick fc at Ukt voi ; but you dont say what wax . In reply , 1 promise to stick to you like cobbler ' s wax , to tie enemy like a leech , and to the Charter like a tas . Tiers ii now but one * way of carrying the Charter
ipesdihr . A dissolution is at hand . Rely upon it that toe Whigs will dissolre ; they will not give the Tories i etasce as long as they can kelp it Indeed , the ; hue arranged all the dissolution scenery for the perfannsnea . They expect great things from the novelties , &S fey do not know the feeling of the people . Howwer , * z shall have a dissolution , that ' s certain . All 8 s oldiiB favour of a Ministry in office wil ] be tried tpm t general election , before the hungry Whigs walk
Wim then becomes your duty ? I shall tell you . i&e examples by your " superiors" in diplomacy-Hot do th « Whigs hope to get a majority ? How oo e * rrery Ministry get , and how preserve a majo-% ' Sj - exCirsiYE DEALING . " There , my & «! & , is the whole secret What they fre tpon themselves , in you they will re-^* - To whom are Bishopricks , the Bench , liesteEanriES of Counties , Commissions of the peace , ^^^ nisaons in the array and navy riven ? To whom
K * pensions , sinecures , sad salaries given ? On whom « R honours , titles , acd distinctions conferred ? From ¦** = is the Queen's tea , sugar , timber , cheese , bread ° ^§ 2 s , femirtrre , tobacco , wine , whiskey , gin , and ¦ ^ bought ? Why , all fro m the friends of the ad-*~ £ » tion in power . What is the greatest taunt to "Mb * Jtinistry can be subjected ? Is it not , " O , J 05 p " e *« hr Bisboprick , or the Bench , or some appoint' ¦>¦> a diabtful man—hoic then can you expect your ~^* -J * Pi * Ti ' What has been the burden of
L s your JTC ^ aa-i fcTery song and letter ? Has it not been , ¦> S < re dr n * t give us Irish our shaxe in appointments , _ 4 & » can ycu expect us to support you ? " Even aJT 1 ^ 1 " 7 Monies , the hungry cevils face ii ^ ection ' = * ta for place and plunder . Deal , zhex , vtitu * OTr pr ~ _ ^ "i- j . Yors fbizsds , and before an election * Pice you wffl not only hold the balance of power > y ^ ^ 'J ° « the legitimate Bource of all power . *« T 6 a = T-j tried It . Try it in earnest , and in six tte battle is won and if will not for sis \ i ti \
; you ^ . — " " j * -j auu ¦* - * j \ j * + nut -yv awa u *^ ^ -J prefer serriBg your friends to serving your i ^ " *! ' ** shTes ^^ ^ e damned . I tell yon not to ^ Pnch _ : f sna ^ ^ 0 UBCe oi tea or gn gar ) a hat , a ^^* P : pe , or loaf from asy man who will not vote j ^ , ' tte J will soon learn the real value of the _^* « pen « against the treasury gold . Sts ' -V E' : i £ t ^ - ^ tilEe - Let the Executive take tt-, ' ^ ^^ ' ° t ^ of pledge to b « printed in the b »^ ' * ¦• m tbfe SiaT t 0 ^ reprinted in slips m every -. ^ -a left by the Co mmittee of the Association in at
kit ^*? ' eT = ry iho P ^ ^ e town . This could be * ° td C ¦ " TLe "f * " " nothing . The shock fcj ^ " ^ ^^ Jlake no combinations to injure t A bn : combin e to serve your friends , and slick te th ^ dear Jr ; ' = nds , pray observe . You must fca » " ^ -P ^ eej ^ rs interest against the shopkeepers ' *® e all ™ kB ° * lhat s well"fed md ¦ well-paid kj " ju - ^ * f& ; 1 tiu acd a cheerful wife on a Satur' ^^ j , tiia - a hadiy-paid people make an " ¦ Tooia . *** S ^ " ^ hling spouss ; but this they have *• ii&i a fooUsh > ^^ l 0 Te of ^^ M * 16 soeial S « from CU ° > ^ h 0 pe tb 4 t tilia * yrovld meDd ' ttcaojj ; . WmPlfete ignorance upon all political and ^^^ esl subjects . ^' bJ Eilld > ^ "P 61 ^^ of the middle li t 1 ^ lnd fll 5 m : atemirshaTe been eommitted . y , OH ing bggjj ^ y— , ^ thnnoK ths 5 nt *«« tji nf ere
^ isjo ^ f CkSSeS W i 4 eatica 1 ' whereas , the fct ^ fcrr Bho P-k « pers and that of manufacturers are k&tooS 1 ** CD 6 t 0 tte other - T 116 interest of « ten * t ^ T nmis to t ^^ e cheap Ubour ,- while the *** < aa « ht ! Pkoeptr i » to have dear labour . You ^ 5 ^ 0 ^ Ehcpkee P " > d tradesmen of all k Rtia L ^ di " & ' > " Xhtm * 5 aitlst ^ i 6 r ^ enemy-
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Prom the fact of the manufacturers being represented in Parliament , and commanding the capital and markets , and paying wages , and discussing politics , they have placed their questions and their interests in the ascendant , and have kept them eternally in view , bringing the poor , foolish , ignorant shopkeepers up as backers , upon mere prejudice against popular rights , and against their own interest In fact , the manufacturers must be put down , and no means so speedy and certain u by enlightening and instructing those Who make up their numerical strength , and which alone gives them any importance . But for the shopkeepers , the manufacturers would be but a mere handful of political buffoons .
?> ow , although I do not , in general , recommend the example of the Court or the oligarchy , as worthy of being followed , yet I ask you , if you can discover any more moral and efficacious mode of agitation than a well directed system of " exclusive dealing ?" It hut requires method to make it irresistible , while it has the sanction of long-established precedent in its favour . I do trust that this question will be calmly and seriously discussed , and , if approved , instantly and energetically acted upos .
My friends , just mark our position for a single moment , and see what perseverecce has led to . My " idld associates "— " Feargus ' s wild associates , * ' as Dan and his tame followebs have called you and me , mark how we stand , and how it has been accomplished by the very system which so justly entitles me to the name of the " wild Feargus . " We art masters , —aye , MASTERS , who can deny it ; and how has it been done ? By that " wild" system of agitation which I have ever practised , and shall ever recommend . The storm created by the " wild" elemeDts of Eugliih agitation is irresistible , while the me 4 hodicol , systematic , pay big , and " PHACTICAL "
agitation in Ireland has left the disconsolate people at the mercy of a bad faction , wiom they prefer as a choice of evils to save them from a worce faction , while we defy both factions . J am the " wild Feabgls . " Dan is the " practical Liberator . " Let us see whose ship will best stand the storm , and who will best pilot the vessel when it rages . . ETery attempt has been made in England to create a mt&todieal , systematic , " practical" paying agitation , but
I was always on my guard ; it means retail purchase , and wholesale sj ^ e of public opinion . It means , " Ah ! now , dont mimi me , just let me go on , or let us go on , and depend upon i »; don't takeany trouble , we'll do italJ . "' Has not this system , I ask you , paralysed Ireland , and has not the absence of it made England the envy , admiration , and » iread of Whigs and Tories ? Just look at enr lecturers , paid so badly , that the return to labour from the accomplishment of the Charter , would literally be a G id-send .
I toM yon In January last , in my letter upon the Sunderland resolutions , that the time was nearer than many supposed , wben those who had honestly stood by tha Charter would be calltd upon to take their natural position in the administration of their country"s affaire . I repeat it now . I also told them that no man should long continue in the wrong road for want of calling after . I repeat that also . Kow , my friends , in conclusion , I have only to add , when my honour and my cause ' were attacked , I defended myself as became an Irishman , a Chartist , and a gentleman , not dealing in vituperation half so strong as
circurastanees warranted , and I hold it that I should but ill deserre your confidence , your regard and respect , where I base enough tamely to submit my neck to the oppressor ' s yoke , I have done my duty in defending myself . I threw down the gauntlet when the foe was before me , ani I now tender the olive branch to all who wish to unite with me against the oppressor . We have no right to make merchandise of the people ' s cause . Whatever our feelings may be , personally at all times they should be ( if hostile ! reluctantly expressed , and only when extracted from u » ; but , at the present moment , disunion is treason .
With the hope , then , that our disunion may prove no source of strength to our enemies , I have forbid the publication of the remainder of my letter to Mr , Hetherington , and also all personal angry feelings upon the " new move . " I am leady to forgive and forget , but" I am not ready to move backwards , by a hair'sbreadth , in the course which I have so long travelled , and which , though " vtild , " I have measured every single inch before I took the step . The " wilder" the agitation , the greater the necessity for thought and study in those who had , sometimes , to suggest , and whose suggestions have always been honoured with confidence and attention .
In England the people speak for themselves . In Ireland the " patriots" speak of the people as a mechanic speaks of his tools , as things to work with . My friends , be firm , be united , be brave , and the Devil himself cannot beat us . Onicard , and we conquer ; backward , and we fail . Not one atom less than our CHABTEK—not half an atom . Your faitsfal friend , And loyal subject , Fjeiargits O'Co . nxor .
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DERBY . —The Chartists of this placa held their meeting at the Northern Star , when the following resolution was unanimously passed , Bome friends from the country being present at the same time— " That we , the Chartists of Derby , pledge ourselves on behalf of the tawn and county , that in case Mr . O'Brien survives his imprisonment , the sum of £ s , as requested in tha Star , shall be punctually paid , and should his death ensue before that period ( which God forbid ) , we also pledge ourselves that his funeral sermon shall be preached throughout the county , and collections mode
at each place , as a means las far as in our power lays ) of consoHng his bereft aDd respected widow and family . And we hail wi ' . h delight the noble exertions made by the Petition Convention for that noble of nature , Mr . O'Brien , and should the Government refuse to release him , and he i . Mr . O'B . ) become a martyr to their ever detestable and damnable misrnle and oppression , -we , the Chartists of Derby , will give the aforesaid {¦ rovernmeut moral battle npon all occasions that may present themselves to us ; and we recommend the whole country to take the same steps . "
D ALKJSITH . —A public meeting was held here on Wednesday , the 5 th inst , Wm . Taylor , President of the Association , in the chair . The National Petition was adopted ; excellent and instructive addresses were delivered by James M-Pherson and Daniel Potter , of Dalkeith ; by John Watson , of Edinburgh ; and also by Robert Lovrery , of Newcastle . —Last Saturday , a table was taken to the street , where the Bheets might lay , to obtain the signatures of ths ceuntry people , when one hundred and ninety-three names were obtained . In the evening a meeting was held at the Cross j it was addressed by Mr . Taylor . A great many of both sexes were present Some hundred Chartists ' tracts were distributed dnring the course of the day , a peat many of which were presented to us by Mr . Cleave , London , for which he receives the kind thanks of the Association .
KENSINGTON . —At the usual weekiymeeting of Chartists , held at the United Temperance Coffee-house , Lower G-eorge-street , Chelsea , on Monday , May 10 th , Mr , Stallwood delivered an able and interesting lecture on teetotal Chartism , which was at ended with the good result of an addition of four members to the National Charter Association , and likewise an addition of the same number to the ¥ nited Temperance Association . NOTTINGHAM . —The following resolutions were passed at a meeting of the Chartists , held at the King George on Horseback , on Monday evening last : —
" That we have no confidence in any body of men ( or in any ' movement ; who have not for their object the attainment of Universal Suffrage ; and that we have uibonnded confidence in Feargus O'Connor , and the Northern Star . " " That we are of opinion , that the Government move for a Repeal of the Com Laws is intended to raise popular opinion in favour of the Whigs , in order that they may ride back to power ( from which they are likely to be driven ) on the shoulders of the people , whom they will afterwards basely deceive If the said Whigs expect any support from the Chartists , they must give them a proof of their good intentions by restoring to their country , and their families , the exiled patriot * , Fr # » t , Williams , and Jones ; and also set at large all persons confined for . political offences . "
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ZiOHDOK . —( Westminbtku )—At a meeting of this body , held at the Unioa Coffee House , Carnabystreet , Regent-street , on the 9 th instant , the following resolution was passed : — " That we , the members of the National Charter Association , of Great Britain , resident in Westminster , having carefully and dispassionately examined and discussed the proposed plan of Messrs . Lovett and Co ., are of opinion that it is calculated to create disunion and distrust among the people of this country , and we pledge ourselves to continue as members of the National Charter Association , and we further pledge onrselves , individually and collectively , to support the Northern Star , bo long as it pursues that straightforward course from which it never yet has deviated . "
ST . PANCRAS , ( Middlesex ) . —A most numerous meeting of the Chartists' of this parish was holden on Monday evening last , at their rooms Brook-Btreet , New-road , Mr . Humphries in the chair . The preliminary business of the meeting having been gone through , the election for the Executive then took place . The meeting then resolved into an Election Committee for the Borough of Marylebone , Mr . H . Marley in the chair . Names were taken down and the Committee adjourned . There seems to be a very good prospect of a good sound Radical coming in for the borough , or else it will be Nouinghamised .
St . Pancbas . —A public meeting of the inhabitants of the Parish of St . Pancras was holden at the Archery Assembly Rooms , Bath Placa , New Road , on Tuesday evening last , in behalf of the political victims , and the furthering of the cause of universal liberty . Resolutions were agreed to , deprecating the conduct of the Whi ^ s towards the political victims , and calling upon the people to sign the National Petition for the liberation of the said victims , and for the speedy adoption of the Charter .
CAMBERWEHi AND WAIWORTH .- The Chartists of this localicy held their usual weekly meeting on Monday night ; a second subscription was entered into Icr Mr ? . Frost ; 16- < . Gd . was collected , which haa been sent to our otiice . The following resolution was adopted : — "Thai a public meeting be held at Mr . Page's Assembly-rooms , Newington , on Tuesday next , at eight oViouk p . m . BOLTON . —Mr . Isaac Barrow lectured here on Sunday evening last , to a numerous audience . A collection of 12 s . 6 d . was made for Mrs . Frost at the end of the lecture . In a few days upwards of 8 , 00 u signatures were obtained here to the National Charter .
NOTTINGHAM . —At a meeting on Monday night the ChaTtists passed rtsolutions expressive of pleasure at the determination of the men of Leicester to put Mr . O'Connor in nomination , to represent that town in Parliament . It was also resolved by the General Council that their thauks be given to ail those persons who approved of their conduct at the late eltction , on the return of Mr . Walter . CHELTENHAM . —The Chartists held a meeting here on Tuesday liighi , and collected i'l Is . for Mrs . Frost . Thanks were passed to Feargus O'Connor , E > q , and the Rev . Wm . Hill , editor of the Star , tur their patriotic conduct in the ctuse of the f-utferiug millions . Tho cause here is in a flourishing condition , and the Chartists will join the National Charter Association as soon as the requisite arrangements can be made .
CARDIFF . — The petition for the liberation of the Chartist prisoners is going on well here , notwithstanding ike opposition evinced by the authorities , who have expressed a desire to have some of the Chartists of the town within their grasp . Ere long , we trust these meddling gentry will have other work to do . OLDHAM .-The Chartists of this place , at their weekly meeting , renewed their expressions of confidence in O'Connor and the conductor of tho Star , of thtir de : ermination to stick by them , and of their repudiation of the " ucw move . "
NEWCASTLE . —The " League" Men . —A correspondent writes us thus : — " As I was going down Manor Chair , this day week , I heard a person saj to a gentleman—jou are requested to attend the anti-Corn Law meetiug to-day , the Mayor is eent for , and the meeting will take place in a few minutes . As the meeting had not been publicly announced , 1 supposed it to be a meeting to make preliminary arrangements for the public meeting . But , behold , 1 went into a barber ' s shop to get shaved , when 1 was requested to sigu the petition emanating from this hole and corner meeting . Some signed , supposing it to be the National petition . I should not be the least surprised if they send it to Parliament as a petition of the inhabitants of Newcastle , in public meeting assembled . Some of them , when 1 interrogated them , confessed that they were afraid of being swamped by the Chartists at a public meeting . "
The r . ATiONAL Petition . —We intend sending tomorrow , the petition sheets which we have ready . Many of the surrounding districts have not sent in th « ir sheets . Yet Newcastle and Gateshead and one or two district villages have raised 15 , 674 signatures . We will send the others as soon as they are received . SUNDERLAND . —On Sunday afternoon , Mr . Binns delivered an able address at the Life-boat House , to an unusually large audience . A collection was made for M rs . Frost , in compliance with the appeal of Mr . Pitkethly . Nearly 10 , 000 signatures have been obtained to the national petition at SundsrJaud and its neighbourhood . Sums deceived by Mr . Williams , Sunderland , and remitted by him to this otiice , for the following purposes : —
IMPRISONED VICTIMS FUND . Mr . Brown , Wingate Grange 0 1 0 Mr . Marley , do 0 U G MRS . CLAYTO . V ' S FUND . Mr . Davison , Bishop Auckland , 059 FOR MRS . FROST . Collectiou at Sunderland ... 0 5 7 i Per Mr . Coates 0 2 G Other sums 0 4 9 —0 13 lOi
£ 1 1 1 £ Petition Convention Fund . —The Chartigts of Stockton have remitted to Sunderlaud 14 s . towards the said fund . HtJDDKRSFIELD . —During last week , the town and neighbourhood of Huddersfield were posted , announcing that Mr . Leech wouid deliver a lecture m the Guildhall , on the fallacies of Socialism , the Corn Laws , and the supremacy of the C barter . A number of the Whig magistrates attended upon Mr . J . Kay , the owner of the place , and declared that , if hd allowed the Jecturer t . j proceed , they would never enter the place a ^ ain , and that they would possibly fine all the parties who took part in the proceedings . Thi 3 ended in Mr . Kay ' s paying the necessary
expences , and stopping the lecture . The Chartists immediately applied for the New Theatre , which they got ; but no sooner did the placards appear that the lecture was to take place in tho Theatre , than the owner was sent for by Mr . Wm . Brooke and the magistrates' clerk , J . Laycock , and threatened in like manner as Mr . Kay had been before , and that place was stopped , it appears that the base Whig crew are determined to enforce the little authority which has been given to them by ministers , who thrust them in to enforce the New Poor Law ; the time is not far distant when " Billy" will be called upon to help " Neddy ' s" nominee , and then the people ' s turn will come . The " boys" are preparing for a field day , and , no ooubt , will do their duty . After all , Mr . Leech lectured in their own room , Upperhead-row , to a crowded audience , both in doors and out . He showed the tyranny and
oppression which is carried on amougst those who are Grying out cheap bread , and proved , that until the people obtained more political power , nothing but oppression and tyranny could exist . After the lecture was concluded , a member of the Socialists read a challenge to discussion , which Mr . Leech accepted , on condition that it might be to discuss the merits of each case . —At the weekly meeting of the Chartists , Upperhead-row , on Tuesday evening last , a vote of thanks was giyeu to Mr . Josh . Kay , for his generosity in discharging the expences of printing , &c . of the lecture of Mr . Leech , at the Guildhall , when the cowardly Whig magistrates had deprived them of the room . Ten new members were enrolled , and some other business done . All who have any petitions are requested immediately to send them in , and the out-townships who have not got , are desired to get one up immediately .
ASHTON-UNDEB-LYNE . —The Chartist Association of this town haviDg been deprived of the room in which they met , assemble at present in the Co-operative Stores , Catherine-street , near the Market-place , on Sunday , Monday , Thursday , and Saturday evenings . The Council of the Association seeing the appeal which appeared in the Star of the 1 st of May , on behalf of Mrs . Frost , stating tho peculiar and distressing circumstances in which Bhe is placed , at once determined to make an effort on her behalf ; they immediately issued small sheets , ( at a trifling expenoe , ) soliciting subscriptions , by which means they have been enabled to raise the sum of £ 5 15 s . 2 d ., which we hare received at the office .
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STROTJD . —The Chartists here recently passed resolutions denouncing the " new move , " and expreBBive of a determination to support Feargus O Connor , Esq ., bo long as he stands by the people . O » Monday Evbning , May 10 th , Edmund Dyer , a renegade member of our Association , who attached his name to the Lovett and Collins ' s document , waited on us and stated he had reoeived a parcel from Mr . Lovett . He wished to hear if we agreed to adopt Mr . Lovett's plan , as ho had received in the parcel twenty cards , some rules , and circulars , and a book to enter members' names , and other instructions to form a National Association . The note to him was as thus : — " Deab Sib , —I herewith send you twenty cards , which you aTe to charge Is . to each member , and send me the names of those entering ; the cards to be renewod quarterly ou payment of Is . &c . "
Of course Mr . L . must have the " bob . " It was put to the sense of the meeting , when it was unanimously agreed " that we reject Mr . Lovett ' s plan altogether , and express our disgust at Mr . Lovett ' s attempt to start a rival Association . " It was agreed upon on Monday , by the Association , to have a tea party at their room on Sunday , May 23 rd , at four o'clock in the afternoon , * Tickets 6 a . each for admittance , to be had of H . Pritchard , Secretary , and of the Committee of the Association . S ^ QTfcAHD .---The men of Spotland TTave denoirfi «« a the" new move " and its concoctors in no very measured terms . SHETTMSSTON , neab Glasgow . —The Chartists of this village have met , and denounced the " New Move . "
EALFOBD . —Mr . Connor lectured on Sunday evening . Tne adjourned discussion on capital and labour was resumed on Monday evening . Tflero was no opposition against the Chartists' views of the question . Fourteen fresh members joined on Monday night . Tho Co-operation Store is going on rapidly ; another place will be opened near Booth-street , ou Saturday next , for the accommodation of the Chartists , BnAOFOKD . —Amemorial , on behalf of O'Brien , to Nornianby , has been adopted . At the meeting , a subscription was begun for J . Hiding and F . Hushworth , Si . being collected in the room . The National Petition has been sent off ; it contained 29 , 0 % signatures , of which 5 , 526 are females .
. STOCKTON-ON-TEES . —The Chartists of this place held a public meeting for the benefit of Mrs . Frost . Tho chairman opened the business of the tvening by reading Mr . Phkethly ' e letter in the Star . Mr . Maw gave an excellent speech , describing the tyranny of the Whigs , in wishing to deprive that suffering woman of ihe last rnmnant of support that her mercilebs persecutors had left hi r , and urged the audience onward to increased exertions , till the Charter becomes tho law of tho land . The following resolution was carried jiem . con . —" That this meeting will never contend for anything less than the whole Charier . " Mr . Whally afterwards addressed the meeting .
BIRMINGHAM . —Gloriou . * Triumph of Chartism—A meeting of all persons favourable to a repeal of the Cora Laws wa * called : here . Nothing was left undone which the " Ltagno" thought shou'd be done , in order to carry their point . The Green Man , in Deriteud , was selected as the post at which tho campaign was to commence ; and at half-past seven o ' clock the following persons made their appearance : —Robert Kellic Douglas , Editor of the Birmingham Journal * Alderman Cutler , Thomas Clutton Salt , Mr . George Edmonds , Messrs . Boultby , Rawlins , Riley , Trueman , Griffiths , and several other Whiglings and " Foxes . " In a while after , the Chartist troops began to pour in , amongst whera were Messrs . White , Dean Taylor , Hill , T . P .
Green , Empson , Williamson , and Batratt . The room was almost crowded to suffocation . Mr . Rilcy moved that Mr . Rawlins should take the chair . Mr . Cooper was proposed , as an amendment , and carried by a majority of twenty to one . After some preliminary Bkirjnishing and cross firing between the two parties , Mr . Dean Taylor proposed that it would be a waste of time to petition the House of Commons , a 3 at present constituted , and therefore that no good could be effected until the People ' s Charter became tha law of the land . Mr . Empson seconded the resolution , and shewed that there had be ^ n an enormous increase in the exportation of machinery within the last few years , and maintained that the trade of this country could not
be brought back by repealing the Corn Laws , and the people would trust no party in future but themselves . Mr . Aid . Cutler said , that he did not wonder at the working men coming to the determination of doing their own work . There was no doubt that they had been deceived , and he admitted that he had also been deceived by the Reform Bill . He was sorry to hear some of the leading Chartists denounce the middle classes as their enemies . He was sure that it was not the case in Birmingham ; for , had not they returned two Members to Parliament who voted for the Charter ? He should like the Chartists to be more moderate , and not act the inconsistent part they did at Nottingham , where they helped to return a man that was as much opposed
to their views as it was possible for a man to be . ( Cries of " we'll do tho same at Birmingham . " " No more Whigs . ") He should be happy to see them working amicably togeither for the end they sought . Mr . George White then addressed the meeting at some length . He maintained that the working classes were fully justified in taking their present course . With regard to Nottingham , it was not so much the hatred which the Chartists had to the New Poor Law that caused them to support Walter ; it was their determination to get rid of the deceitful and treacherous Whigs at all hazards . He was one of 400 Chartists who hod been imprisoned for opinion ' s sake ; there were hundreds still immured in Whitf dungeons , suffering torture which could
be called nothing else but slow murder . For that and other reasons , too numerous to recount , their cry should be , " Down with the base , deoeitful Whigs . " ( Loud cheers . ) ( At this stage of the business , Messrs . Edmonds , Boaltby , and a good portion of the cheap bread folks , took up their hats , and scampered off , amidst the groans , hisses , and laughter , of the meeting , and were received in the same manner by a crowd assembled in the street , who could not get into the meeting . ) Mr . White proceeded to denounce the tricks of the WhitfS and Repealers , and to comment upon the
conduct of the Chartists in supporting Walter at Nottingham , and concluded by challenging any anti-Corn Law advocate they could produce , and he would discuss the question with them—at the Town Hall , or any other place—and by cordially supporting the resolution , and was loudly cheered . The chairman then put the resolution , which was carried unanimously , amidst enthusiastic cheers , which were re-echoed by the crowd in the street . Three cheers were gWen for the Charter ; three for Feargus O'Connor ; three for Frost , Williams , and Jones ; and three for the incarcerated Chartists ; after which the meeting separated .
Restoration Committee . —Theusual weekly meeting was held at the Chartist room , Freeman-street , on Tuesday evening last , Mr . Shaw , jun . in the chair . Mr . Spinks , jun ., and Mr . Nisbert were nominated as members of tho committee . The following memorials have been received by the committee , namely , Glasgow , signed by John M'Arthur , the chairman ; Congleton , by Mr . Wm . Gosling , tke chairman ; Leicester , by John Markham , tho chairman ; Mansfield , by Samuel Holiowall , the chairman ; Bradford , . * * * and from Bromsgrove , by Matthew Hayle , chairman . Two shillings and sixpence was received with the Congleton memorial . The committee then adjourned until the next evening , supposing communications would be received from the deputation in London .
LEICESTER . —The intentions of the Whig and Tory factions , as to the approaching election , have been very closely watched by the Leicester Chartists for the past week . The Tories were known to be aclively canvassing for two candidates , and yet had net announced their names ; because the men were actually yet to seek ! The Whigs had not been openly on the canvass , but it was known that they had had several private meetings , and had only come to the resolution to bring out one candidate , but whether Easthope or Ellis was the man seemed uncertain . Moreover , what was the drift of this resolution to bring forth but one candidate , and whether it did not proceed from a design to coalesce
with the Tories , rather than permit the Chartists to Bucceed in returniug O'Connor , by means of offering a coalition , could not clearly be ascertained . In order to force one of the factious into a coalition , it was thought that the most advisable polioy to bo pursued by tho Chartists would bo for them to bring out two candidates ; next , to make the offer of a coalition to the two factious ; and , lastly , if the offer were refused , to poll for the two Universal Suffrage champions to the labt man . It was , therefore , resolved to send a deputation to Colonel Thompson , soliciting him to permit himself to be put in nomination , along with Feargus O'Connor , for Leicester . Mr . Cooper , Editor of the Illuminaior , accordingly weut to London , at the close
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of last week , and waited on Colonel Thompson , with this request . The Colonel consented , at once , to stand a contest , and made the very handsome observation that , in the event of either of the factions accepting a coalition , his ( the Colonel ' s ) name ought not to stand in the way of O'Connor . He , ( the Colonel ) would do nothing to prejudice O'Connor ' s election ; that O'Connor had claims on Chartists unequalled by any man in existence , and , therefore , they ought to support him fn preference to all others . For himself , he ( the Colonel ) had hopes of being returned for Hull ; but he would , nevertheless , in the event of a coalition being refused by both the Whigs and Tories of Leicester , poll with O'Connor to the last man . The Colonel ' s answer was made known to the general meeting on Monday , night , and the joint names of O'Connor and Thompson were received with enthusiastic plaudits as the Universal Suffrage
candidates for Leicester . A body of electors met to confer with the Chartists committee , on Tuesday night , as to the next steps to be taken . It was resolved , on mature consideration , that tho offer of a coalition be made to tho " Liberals , " first , through their chairman , Mr . W . Biggs , and that an answer be requested by two o'clock on Thursday afternoon . This resolution was come to , with a view to close the mouths of the Whigs against the utterance of a complaint , should the Chartists be eventually driven on any line of policy which would end in the return of two Tories ' -for the borough , an occurrence which was knowa , ( by the state of the canvass ) to be not at all improbable . A petition to the House of Commons has been entrusted to Mr . Duncombe , praying that Mr . O'C . may be liberated without delay , to enable him to address the electors , in the mode permitted to all other candidates for Parliament .
GLASGOW . —Public Meeting to discuss the New Movement put fokth by Lovett , Collins , and Co . — One of the most interesting public meetings prrhaps ever held in Glasgow , for the purpose of discussing the new movement , took place iu the Chartist Church , on the 4 th instant , at eight o ' clock p . m ., Mr . George Ross in the chair . Mr . Pattison opened the discussion , in a speech of considerable length , in which he endeavoured to set forth the high moral qualities of Collins and Lovett , and concluded by proposing a motion to the effect , that the Chartists of Glasgow neither consured nor praised the plan put forth by those individuals , but left it to rise or fall on its own merits . This motion was feconded by Mr . M'Farlane , who compared their plan to
Colurobus ' s discovery of America , and said that the names of it * concoctors would be handed down to future ages as very great benefactors , &c . Mr . John Gardner questioned the motives of the propounders of the now plan of getting the Charter , and ridiculed the idea of sending tall fellows , such as he , at his time ot'hfe , to the school with a long bag of books on their backs . He concluded by moving that the new plan was both impracticable and ill-timed . Mr . Kelly seconded Mr . Gardiner ' s amendment . Mr . W . Miller defended the " new move . " Mr . Wardrop could not approve of the plan , although at the same time he was not prepared to say that Lovett and Collins were not honest . Mr . Malcolm , amidst considerable interruption and disapprobation , declared his belief in the honesty of the parties , and the excellent nature of their object . At this stage of the proceedings , Mr . Gillespie moved an adjournment of the question to the 10 th instant , which was carried ,
on which occasion Mr . Ross again took the chair . The greatest excitement prevailed , and the meeting was crowded to suffocation . Messrs . Gillespie , Pattison ! M'Kay , Jack , Colquhoun , ( who moved that Lovett and Collins ' s plan was calculated to destroy the harmony which has hitherto existed , ) Brown , ( who seconded Mr . C . ' s motion , ) M'Gibbon , Murkey , Muirhead , Malcolm , Moir , ( who proposed an amendment to tho effect that Lovett and Collins ' s plan was theoretically good ; but the present Association was calculated to meet all the purposes which the new one proposed to attain , ) Wardrop , ( who seconded the amendment , ) and ftl'Ewen , all addressed the meeting . The motion was freely withdrawn , and Mr . Moir ' s proposition carried unanimously , amidst tremendous cheers ; three cheers were then given for Mr . Colquhoun , for so readily withdrawing his motion ; three for Feargus O'Connor ; three for the Charter ; and three for the manly and impartial conduct of the chairman .
LEEDS . —At the weekl y meeting of the Association , held on Monday evening last , there was a full muster . The plan for giving addresses seems to have given general satisfaction amongst the members . On Monday night next , the members are earnestly requested to attend , as the quarterly account will be submitted to them . The friends at Hunslet , Holbeck , and Woodhouse , are desired to attend at the council on Sunday afternoon , and state the most convenient times to hold meetings in their respective places . BRIGHTON . — The Brighton Chartists have received from Capt . Peohell , M . P . for Brighton , a letter acknowledging the receipt of their memorial in behalf of O'Brien , and stating that , he has placed it in the hands of the Secretary of State , and drawn his attention thereto . They have voted thanks to Capt . Pechell , for his prompt attention to their memorial .
BRISTOL . —On Monday a public meeting of the Chartists of this city was holden for the purpose of meeting Mr . Henry Vincent , and receiving from him an explanation of his conduct iu reference to the " new move . " After much discussion and various explanations , tho following declaration was drawn drawn out and signed by Mr . Vincent , and placed at the disposal of the meeting : — " I quite approve of the plan for bringing about an organisation proposed by Mr . Lovett and others ; but I conceive the plan to be impracticable when opposed by the majority of the Chartist body , and I think also that any attempt to put it into operation would be unwise , and tend to create division in our ranks , unless first mentioned by the Executive . Being a member of the National Charter Association , I shall do all I can to extend its operation . Signed , Henry Vincent . " This was accepted by the meeting a 3 a satisfactory withdrawal on the part of Mr . Vincent from the operations of the " new move " gentry .
NORTHAMPTON . —In compliance with a requisition numerously and respectably signed , the Mayor , W . Williams , convened a public meeting at the Guildhall , May 10 th , for the purpose of taking into consideration the petitioning Parliament to use their efforts to procure the Bpeedy restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jones—the liberation of all political prisoners , and the adoption of the People ' s Charter as the law of the laud , with as little delay as possible . At the time of meeting it was announced by the Town Clerk , that the Mayor could not attend , being officially engaged elsewhere .. It was then
unanimously agreed tfcat Mr . R . Foster should take the chair . At this early stage of the proceedings the hall had become quite crowded , which caused some delay before business coulo . commence . As soon as order could be restored , the business of the meeting went smoothly on , adopting resolution after resolution , and the National Petition , without the slightest opposition . The various speeches upon the resolutions and petition were at great length , and contrasted well with the nonsense of the brick and mortar wise . The whole meeting appeared to be deeply imbued with the principles of the Charter .
SHAW , ( neab Oldham . )—Mr . James Cartledge , of Manchester , lectured here on Sunday evening , the 9 th inst . Ho commenced his lecture by showing the amount of the national debts of other countries , and likewise the population , and compared them with the national debt and the population of Great Britain—proving , as he proceeded , that it was not the Corn Laws alone which cause all the misery and poverty under which the working classes suffer . He paid it was his intention on that occasion to call their attention to the evil of a standing army in time of peace . Ho would first make a few remarks , by way of introduction , upon the object for which governments were established , and then referred to the standing army—its origiu
in this country , its numbers , its expense , and its ' laws—the moral depravity it produces wherever it { joes—the cause why it spreads such misery—and lastly , point out an easy and simple , but effectual remedy . Firstly , then , as to the object for which Government was established . The object of Government is ( and should be ) to promote the happiness of society , affording equal security to the property and persons of every individual , protecting the weak against the strong , the poor against the rich . In short , by guarding its members against the extreme of indigeuce and crime , luxury aud vice , and spreading au equilibrium of comfort and enjoyment through all ranks , by good laws , wisely conceived , and impartially administered . and oi ine
When supported by the respect connaence public , there was then no need of standing armies in time of peace ; there was then no need of expending sixteen millions a year of the public money , to support uaval and military establishments ; there was no need of a sinking fund , as a resource for future war . Government was strongest when based in the hearts of the people ; it was then prepared for every exigency , and must be invincible against domestic foes and foreign aggressors ; but Government had not now this support . If it wenv looked upon only as an instrument of rapacity and extortion ; if it were looked upon only as a cabal of artful tyrants , united for plunder and oppresnoa ; then must such a Gov « rnment | instead of being a cheap
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^^^ fc L ^ A ^ jZ ^ r ? - and simple inatitotite , be a complex and expemdre establishment-strong , not in the hearts of the people , bat in Us means of corruption , delusion , and intimidation . The English Government was in the atter predicament . . It had long ceased to possess the respect and confidence of the people , and it had governed by awing the weak , deluding the ignorant and corrupting the baser part of the community ! Its power of corruption , its means of rewarding the adherents by the spoil of the people , is the great lever by which it operates . This Dower its connec *
, tionand influence as exhibited in tne standing army is enormous . This , the Jecturer said , brought him to the second part of his subject . The standing army is a body of men separated from the great mass of the people—having no affinity to , nor identity of interests with , the people generally . Prior to , Charles the First , there had been several ineffectual attempts to reduce this country to a milrtary ^ despotism , but Charles became sensible of the folly of raising troops for tho purpose of enabling him . to begin with despotic rule , in defiance of bia coronation oath , which bound him to maintain the constitution , " tho glorious constitution , " as now called , which did not recognise a standing army , when the people of London marched down to
Westminster with muskets on their shoulders . However , he . paid the forfeit by the Ios 6 of his head , which history records as a warning to future monarchs . At the restoration of the Stuarts , Charles II . raised several armies , but was obliged by the Parliament to disband them . Charles remonstratedbut his Chancellor Hyde very significantly told him the standing army cutoff his father ' s head . This , and the following resolution of the Parliament on this subject , quieted his rage for a standing army , and satisfied him that the continuance for any standing force in this nation , other than the militia , was illegal , and a , great grievance and vexation to the people . James II . raised an army of 16 , 000 , to which the Parliament objected , and in a resolution of the
House told him , that they had defended themselves for more than a thousand years without any army ; that a King ' s truest strength was the love of his people ; that they would make the militia useful . Finding the Parliament obstinate in their opposition to his tyrannic conduct , he looked back to the fate of his father , and ran away from his kingdom . At length they , entered upon a new era in the constitution of the country . The Whigs , who had always been careful of the people ' rights , and who had ever manifested , upon all occasions , a strong desire to preserve the ancient rights of Englishmen entire , sought William , Prince q Orange , and made him King , but not unconstitutionally . They were determined to guard against fmure tyranny and
oppression by proposing & bill of rights , which declared " that the raising and keeping up a standing army , in time of peace , is contrary to law . " Sofarsogood ; but what did cunning , crafty , and sneaking Whigs do to create a pretext for keeping up a standing army ! Why , they appended the worda " without consent of Parliament , " and they have ever since had a Parliament base enough and subservient enough to keep up a standing army , from that day to this ; and when they have been in power , they have endeavoured to strengthen its power on all occasions . That the standing army is illegal , he would prove by reading over the opinions of some of the greatest men in this country in their day and generation , from the 11 th page of " Richardson ' s
Right to Arms : " " The present numbers of the standing army are as follows : effective , 121 , 112 ; non-effective , 83 , 871 ; making a total of 204 . S 83 . The gross amount of tVie cost to this country of the standing army is £ 6 , 254 . 953 sterling , besides £ 894 , 154 paid by the East India Company , making a total of . £ 7 , 149 , 107 paid to teach men to murder tneir fellow men in cold blood , and without the slightest offence being offered . " Can any man in his senses believe that that . is needed ? No ; he would think not . Well , did they think that the government -would be able ty go to war for such things as the blood of England's sons had been shed , since the creation of the standing army by the infernal , base , bloody , and brutal Whigs ? No ; they would not have been
allowed by a House of Commons chosen upon the just principles of Universal Suffrage , to enter into war , with any and every nation that chose to change the form of its government . Now , in war alone , since the glorious revolution , which gave us a standing army , it had cost this country 1414 millions of British money—a sum which , if divided amongst the people of the united kingdom , would give to every family the small sum of £ 282 10 s ., which , at the rate of ten shillings per week , would keep the entire mass of the people of the united kingdom for the space of 565 weeks , that is , rather better than ten and a half years . There had been upwards of 4 , 000 , 000 of human lives lost , or rather sacrificed , at
the shrine of . political knavery , since the standing army was introduced by the political Whiga in 1689 , being just 125 years , which would make 32 , 000 a year , or 615 per werk , or 88 per day . ( Shame , shame . ) Men had fallen at this rate merely for the aggrandisement of a few , and to the dismay , suffering , wretchedness , and loss of the millions . The present cost of the standing army would support 274 , 965 families at ten shillings per week , to which purpose ho ( Mr . Cartledge ) thought the money might have been agreat deal better applied . And byrthe-bye , it was a very important question to ask , where did the ruling few get " the mdnish , " as the Jew would call it ? Why , from the industrious portion of the community—from the producers of
all wealth . So that they have not only to bleed at the will of the oppressors , but to pay for the instrument that draws the vital current from their veins . The standing army is a body of men distinct from the people ; they are governed by different laws-. Blind obedience , and an entire submission to the orders of their commanding officer were their only principles . By the military law , the administration of justice was so quick , and the punishments so severe , that neither officer nor soldier dares to dispute the orders of his supreme commander ; he must not consult his own inclinations . If a soldier was commanded to . pull his own father out of his house , he must doit ; he dare not disobey ; immediate death would be the result of his grumbling . Now , to
prove , said Mr . Cartledge , that he had not overdrawn the picture , he would read a few articles of war . ( Here the speaker read some extracts in corroboration of his position . ) The next subject which he would bring to their notice was the moral depravity produced by the standing army . Here he wished to bo clearly understood , that though he considered the standing army as an evil , it was the system which maintained it that was the cause that produced the withering effects in the social arrangements of society * Follow these men as they prowl about the country , producing drunkenness , debauchery , prostitution , crime , misery , wretchedness , hunger , poverty , want , murder , distress , pauperism , and domestic discord , blighting and
blasting the happiness the people have , lhese were the results wherever they went . Follow them , he would aay . again , and watch their proceedings ; listen to their filthy conversation , mixed continually with oaths and curses , and then , he was sure , they would say with him , that he had but feebly drawn the picture , and but mildly coloured it . Coloured it , did ho say ! Would to God the reality Was no worse than he had portrayed ij ; to them . But , alas ! alas 1 the picture ; was too true ; . not that all young men entering into the army were " naturally vicious . Oh , no ! But the saying c-f St . Paul waB fully verified , which was " that evil communications corrupt good manners . " No matter how virtuous a young man might be before
he was induced to sell himself to do the work of « vicious and corrupt government , the circumstances by which he became surrounded , soon converted him into as much the child of devil , as his companions in iniquity . Did any of them , asked Mr . C , ever witness the departure of a detachment of this public pest from a town where they had been only perhaps but a short time ? See them assembled ready to march . Look at . the number of the females—poor deluded creatures , weeping and bellowing with looks of anguish and despair , crying and moaning , and grieving at the situations their betrayers had placed them in , and then to leave them , the victims of their lubtful passions . Happy , modest , prudent , and innocent , before these hired assassins
of the public morals and female virtue wero introduced into their walks , who , by their gay trappings and military blandishments , had led them from the paths of virtue , and had so far goaded them on in the walks of vice , as to entirely uproot shame , modesty , and'every other adornin g accomplishment of woman , lovely woman , the comfort and companion of man and the pride of the world . Mr . Cartledge then glanced on many of the causes which euabled these soldiers , while travelling , to accomplish , their wicked purposes , and be productive of such an alarming amount of crime and misery . This he attributed to the parents of children more than to any other cause : it waj they who first implanted the idea into their offspring ' s minds that it was really an . honour to he a soldier . Their pretty clothing , and , in general , their delightful music , were all calculated to work upon the infant mind , which once done , it would take some time to erase
the impression of . The teaching of children to Sing the war songs , and to admire the heroes of the prostituted muse , begot a love for the life of a soldier in the male portion of the community , and caused the female portion to become more easy of seduction . The remedy he proposed was , for parents to teach their children the consequences of WM , and warn them against all such wickedness , and an utter detestation of soldiery ; and likewise teach them the ruinous effects the standing army ha ? produced , and that , instead of its being a credit to be a man butcher , it was a great curse , &o . &o . That this was practicab e , had been fully % illustrated in the case of the infernal " blue-bottle'' force . When these reptiles first made their appearance in the streets of our large towns , the children were heard to cry " soldiers ; " but no sooner did the children understand that they were obnoxious to their paren' 8 than they treated them with contempt , aud would almoBt » s soon have a peep at his Satanic Majesty , Mr . Cartledge continued for some time longer , and sat down much applauded .
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VOL . IT . 1 TO . 183 . SATURDAY , MAT 15 , 1841 . '""^ S ' . Xr ' °
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* ® f ) £ A ® t&b txn Mtu % ' _ ^ AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVEETISER .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 15, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1109/page/1/
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