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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th December 1842, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7

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      ( Concluded from our Sixth page . ) bit fc evt—feughuetO He hoped his motion ironed baa retrogade one . He { Mi . © 'Connor ) bad been at BoBe ge , too . He bad stood before two special juries , god before the whole array of faction in the Qaeen ' a Baneh . to advocate the principles of the Charter ; and If again he should become the victim of faction , again Tronld be come to that platform , and renew bii vow Bd covenant with tbem—( loud cheers . ) A hope h- ^ j ^ en expressed that the Anti-Corn Law League W jnlij -ei the £ 50 000 . Devil doubt them—( laughter . } The Scotchman said , " Gat the money honestly , if / on cm , tat at all events get the money j - and he ba ^ no doubt jjjjt if tba swn were . gioo . ooo instead of £ 50 , 000 , \ ia pence would bfl screwed relnetanil y from the rockets of the slaves—thear , hear . ) No doubt , rood

      sse -would be made of it , bat , after all , the League yoold be obliged to come to the Chartist shop , when the money was spent —( hear , he ** , and cheers . ) When the £ 50 , 000 was expended , and the money had filled in the appliance , then the League would be obliged to confess that they were bad workmen , and that they bid gone to work without their tools —( hear , bear . )—Tbe first thing was to go into the free-market legislation , and see if they could purchase men ' s minds ly purchasing their hearts , and then they would see if { hey eonld not repeal the Com Laws la opposition to the landlords—( hear , hear ) . When the anti-Cora Law League could show them thai their measure would be for the benefit of an , and net far a class—that it -would put additional clothing upon the back of the working

      xoan , instead of exploring new corners , to find customers te purchase their manufactured goods , because the operatives of England were so impoverished by their avaricious and grasping taskmasters that they could not purchase elothing for themselves—that it would put a large loaf into the poor man ' s cupboard , without diminishing his wages to such an extent , in order to carry ou what was termed foreign competition , that the large loaf should be as dear to frim as the smaller one—and if in addition to these considerations they could show that the operative would be enabled to occupy his house as a free man , then the Chartist * would repeal the Corn Laws for them— . hear , bear , and cbeera ) . Xet tbem take something like a philosophical view of Use question . The d&ctzise of finality , —what

      did it mean ?—( bear , hear ) . If they applied the principle to the Reform Bill , they might equally apply it to mechanism , for legislation , like machinery , depended for its value upon human science and ingenuity , and its adaptation to the altered circumstances and requirements of society . If , therefore , there wsa to be no reform of the Reform BUI , it might as well be contended , and with just as much , propriety sad common » fn » , that a man should not be allowed to make any improvement in a machine , because he had constructed it an a certain moving principle , the in > perfections of which were afterwards sufficiently obvious , ( Hear , bear . ) But lei him go a little further , in order that tie aacetrng might » ee what his object was . He was merely going ta glance cursorily at what were termed the great measures which the people had obtained , and t » show that they had bees of no practical utility . Be-would go to that time when the people of England aid t » the legislature of the country , that their Roman

      Cathohe fellow-countrymen should no longer be branded by tbe name of * ' slave , " and to tbe period when Cathc-£ c Bmaaepatiaa was granted . 2 iext came the Reform Bill ; next the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts ; iwxt the payment of £ 20 , 000 , 000 for the Emancipation of tbe Negro slaves ; next the Corporation Fflfrmn Bill ; next the redaction in newspaper stamps ; next the Fanny Postage Act ; and , before all these , communication by steam . Now , all these -were considered great measures , and any uf them , he supposed , per as , would be regarded by their authors of greater advantage to the community than the repeal of the Corn Laws . He would ask them—Hid the people derived any benefit from the measures he bad enumerated ? —( Cries of "No , no . 'V-Tirtually , no doubt , they were intended for the fr » TWrt of the people , but the policy of the two factions had always been to frustrate them whenever they appeared to have that tendency . —( Hear , bear . )—If , then , no good had resulted from these measures—if all of them combined had not been sufBcunt

      to conquer and destroy the evils produced by elass-Irgislatkm ; were they to be cajoled and hum&usged by the cry that the repeal of the Corn IjSws -was the only measure from which any benefit would flow ?—t Cries of ** 2 ? o , no , " and cheers . )—Then th * y had his reason not for sanctioning or supporting what he regarded as a trick to divert the working d&seea from what really concerned their interests as producers of wealth , and as members of the tommnnity . —( Cheers . )—He would abide by the principles embodied in tbe Charter , and when he sbandosed them Me hoped every Chartist in the kingdom would abandon him . — ( Cheers . )—He had gone with them in dragging these principles through the mud . They had placed a sightly garb over them , and they they had made tbem worthy of the advocacy of men

      who were yet ashamed , to take the name . —( Hear , near , beat )—There were those who were with them in principle , but not in name . Such men would like to be called Christians , and yet deny the name of Christ—( hear , hear . ) He had listened with much delight to the glowing and eloquent speech of a coBatryraanof bis own , Mr . Jones , but there was cms ¦ ecttnoe of his speech in -which ha did not agree . In speaking of U * B > principles of the Charter , Mr . Jones said he would sever cease to advocate those principles either under the Charter cr some other name . Now , he ( Sir . O'Connor ) would not advocate them by any other same , because he believed that the effect of doing so would be to remove them farther from the accomplishment of their object—iheax , hear . ) It was under their

      present Dame that the principles of the Ch ** tpr bad made the impression they had done in tbe country , and though he stood ftlose he declared most solemnly before his God that he would never agitate for tbe Charter vndcr any other name . —( Loud acd continued cheers . )—Much Lad been said about the owners of soil , and what had the working elaw&i to complain of ? Why that the wealthy classes appropriated all that was produced to themselves . God had given the people the land , and the devil bad gives them laudl « rds . — - { Much laughter . ) —Then again with respect to machinery . What bad they bow a proof of ? The productive power of the country by machinery was so great that more goods could be produced than would meet the requirements of more than the population of the whole globe —( hear , hesr . ) Was he , therefore , opposed to machinery ? If it could

      be made tbe working man ' s holiday instead of bis enne , then he was for it , but he always had , and ever would , oppose a system which went to enrich one class , and the smallest and most opulent , to the Impoverish ment aad star-ration of the largest class , who ware ksst able io protect themselves against tbe tyranny and avarice of their oppressors—( cheers ) Bat tbe working Hisses were not the only parties who suffered from tha system . Every man displaced by machinery was aoaach taken out of the till of the shopkeepers—( beat , hear . ) The shopkeepers now began to find that class legislation would pauperise them , as it bad already pauperised tbe operatives , and they were beginning u > support the Chartists —( hear , bear . ) What did thty find bow ? The very prediction he made in a letter which be addressed to tbe Chartists , when he

      was at college —( laughter )—had come to pass . The landlords were beginning to be frightened . It was sow the landlords against the Tories and the Corn law Bepealers , so that the Chartists had driven them to something like their duty , and thanks to Peel , be had made more Chartists in a few months than tbey bad made all their lives —( cheers and laughter . ) O . hs wished Lord Abingar would try Feel —( loud cheers and laughter . ) He would say— " This is a proper Chartist . "This Is genteel robbery , but yon vaga-. bauds ( the Chartists ) have so right to touch anything —* d boma and btai your privations like men "—{ baghter ) . Bat tbe people were net to be so cheated . They were beginning to fiad that the existing order of things , if they were allowed to go on , would ultimately

      place the property of tbe country in the hands of a Very few individuals , whilst the great balk of the productive classes were left to rtarv »—( bear , hear ) Well , then , he called upon them , as Chartist * , to go op in the current of their course , neither to turn to the right hand or to the left , and , so far as he was concerned , he should itquLre no time to answer an indictment , forau honest man was always ready to take his trial before a virtuous tribunal—( cheers ) . He bad Bot been bo muc h among th « m as formerly , but he had been devoting his unpaid services to their cause in London and elsewhere , aad , by the blessing ot God , he would continue to do so —( cheers ) . Why they tslked of an union among the people ; they bad bad it * ixt 7 years ago . Tbe people united with tbe Puke of

      Bedford , and Charles James fox , to carry tbe whole principles for wLi « h they were now contending . Tae People stood by them , but Fox took office under a Tary administration , and then he never more spoke of the six points . As soon u he had made his principles a steppitg-stone to his own aggrandisement , be kicked away the scaffold , but stack to the pole himself , and let tbe people down to the ground—( hear , hear . ) But the cause could cot be again defeated . Peel and his colleagues might attempt to put down public meetings of the people , but the people would do their duty for tkar own principles—( cheers ) . Tbe Government might at well attempt to stop the sun Is bis career , or to attest the tide of the ocean , aa to prevent the people assembling together , to discuss their grievances in a

      Peaceable and legitimate manner , and the anti-Corn I * w League might as well attempt te do the same thiag as to induce the people to join in the cry for a Kpealof theComLaws , without anything else mixed * P with it—( cheers . ) Well , then , from that night forth they must go on . He should most gladly hive been at their meeting to-day , to elect delegates to tbe great Conference at Birmingham , which he m erthled to do , both as a rate payer and a householder « f Leeds , but as the Charter said that no man should " te in two places , and as be lived at Hammersmith , * n « intended to vote at borne , he was . determined he

      » widaot violate tt » principle laid down in tbe ChartOi ^ y voticg at Leeds—( Hear , heat ) He should go to the Sirmisjtham Conference , to do all in his power to reooiefle and heal past differences , and to promote ^ Bion , so £ ar as that union could be based npon the ¦ Set principles at the Charter , because , sohfcJp him Q 9 i i he russet neuld consent to their principles being cofingec—fl-cEd chfszs ) A day of reckoning would Baae . lbs d&eeztes wonld go to the Conference at "Taiinghflin , to do tbiW duty , and when they esme f «* . the people wodd * V « to do theirs . Whilst at * '¦* CGsTcitE ce , the dikgau vs Tffould act as the 6-JvankJ tf &e people— -ahtn thty retu'nied , they would hate to

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      give an account of t ^ elr stewardship—( hear , hear ) He had said that he 'jrald seek : to promote union , as fas as it could be based on principle . Then he asked them , as a matter of justice , not to heap any slander or con , tumely u ^ on him , and nay when that Conference was over , « joat they wished things had been otherwiss—( Hewr , hear . ) Having received tneir verdict of appro-T il for the line he had chalked out for himself , he was at liberty to act under that impression . He found that the Anti-Corn Law party were going to have a large out-door meeting in London , and if they were there , lie would be there to»—tCheers . ) He never panted so mnch to meet an enemy , as he did to meet those men who first arrested tbe Chartist leaden and then convicted them—( Hear , hear . ) They talked of wanting to unite with the working classes , to do them a service—( Langhter . ) Wliy , had tbey not the power to render

      them service , without seeking for aa Act of Parliament to enable them to do so —( Hear , h ? ar , and cheers ) Pshaw ! the people never yet united -with the middle ela&ses , when the middle classes did not get the upper hand—( Lon 4 cries of "Hear , bear . " ) What was theli duty ai Chartists ? They must make themselves powerful , not by resorting to violence , or any infringement of the 2 aw , bat in standing up for the ' r principles , and Bhowing the legislature that justice and ' sound policy called for their enactment —( bear , hear ) . This had been his mede ot advocating the question , acd bow consolatory it was to him to find , afte . al : tbe gibes , and taunts , ani abuse , and misrepresentation , which had been heaped upon him by mere tools of faction , acd th 6 little minded , that the glorious , principles of the Charter were now teginning to fijid support on tbe part of those who had been the most hitter revilers of tbe indnstrious classes and their

      leaders —( loud cheers ) . Yes , the " great ones' were beginning to come round to his principles—( cheers ) Tbey were beginning te discover that if they were te have free trade , they most first have it in legislation , and then tbey might obtain the co-operation of the labouring classes in obtaining tbe other—( bear , bear ) . ! he Chartists were accused of tyranny , and a desire to trouble the rest of the community . —(" no , no . ") Ah . ' they knew who were the tyrants and the oppressors . If they had the power , the Chartists would not place Lord Abinger in the dock , but they would , If they had tbe power , charter a vessel to bring back the victims of transportition , and open the doors of the dungeons to the victims of incarceration—( cheers ) .

      " They never fail who die In a great cause ; the block may soak their gore ; Their heads may sodden in the sun ; their limbs Be strung to city gates and castle walls—But still their spirit walks abroad . Though years Elapse , and others share as dark a doom , Tbey bai augment tbe deep and sweeping thoughts Which overpower all others , and conduct Tbe world at last to freedom I ' He had cow said as muck as he felt himself equal to . And , in conclusion , be could assure tbem that never , in the whole coarse of his life , bad he derived more heartfelt satisfaction than in listening to tbe admirable addresses of a countryman of bis own , and to that patriotic and indomitable Yorkshireman , in whose

      bands , as their advocate in the House of Gommons , they must leave tbe question , when Parliament reassembled—( cheers . ) It was for tbe Chartists cut of doors to strengthen his hands , and to enable him to show to the legislature that the people were only asking for their rights—less they dare not ask—more they did not want—( cheers . ) Let them , then , register tneir adherence to the Charter , tbe whole Charter , and nothing bat the Charter , by giving nine cheers , as a proof that they would stick to it though death should be theii reward . iMr . O'Connor concluded a long and eloquent tddreas , of which , in consequence of the great rapidity of his utterance , the above can only be considered an outline , amidst enthusiastic and proiea § cd cheering . )

      The whole audience then rose , and in conformity with the call made upon them , gave nine hearty cheers for the Charters . Mr . OCosk OR again rose , and said that Mr . Jones was wishful to set himself right , with regard to that passage hi his tpeech , on which he ( Mr . O'C . ) bad offered an observation . i Mr . Jones said that with the greatest good feeling , he rose to correct an error into which Mr . O'Connor had fallen . That gentleman had told tbe meeting that he ( Mr . Jones ) was ready to agitate for the Charter , either under that nameor some other . Now , hebelieved it would be sufficiently in tbe recollection of tbe meeting , that what he' sdd was this , that a man who professed to sympathize with the people , and yet would not

      advocate tbe principles embodied in the Charter , or some other like them , was no friend of the working classes , bni a mere hollow-hearted pretender —( hear , hear , and exclamations of " that's correct "") . So far from wishing to shrink frem the principles of tbe Charter , he begged to inform the meeting that he was to be proposed at Liverpool , as a candidate to represent the people of that town , at tbe Birmingham Conference , and he was pledged to stand by the Charter—( hear , hear ) . He merely offered this explanation for tbe purpose of preventing any misunderstanding , and also in defence of his own political character which was quite as sacred to him , as that of Mr . O'Connor could be to that gentle * man—( hear , hear . )

      Glee ^— The Bed Cross Knight *" Tbe Chaikmas next gave" The Working classes , and protection to labour . " The toast was enthusiastically applauded . Mi , J . Leach , of Manchester , rose amidst loud cheers to respond to the sentiment . He said , that the very eloquent reasoning which they had heard , and the- very forcible manner in which that reasoning had been impressed upen their minds , afforded a very strong and sufficient apology for him not to trespass long upon their attention . Of all tbe questions that could be brought before the people , that of labour was the most important , as far as tbe working classes were con * cerned .. ( Hear , bear , and cheering . ) " Tbe labouring classes , and protection to their industry . " How

      was that to be accomplished ? The Anti Corn Liw League said that the only "thing to give protection to labour , was to give free trade—( laughter . ) . But what sort of free trade did they mean ! They might talk of free trade with the slaves of one country and the slaves of another , but they never talked of free trade with tbe working classes—( Hear , hear . ) A few evenings ago he was discussing the question with one of the lecturers of the Auti-Cem Liw Lea&ue , at Todmorden , and he intoodnced a fact then which hs would introduce now . He said that three years ago , a certain party employed ekhteen bleachers of cloth to whom he paid thirty { . killings a-week . The ingenuity of one of these men invented a machine , in consequence of which he was now only employing four

      men out of the eighteen . "Ob , '' said the lecturer of the League— " Establish free trade , and yon will find racb an impetus to your trade , that the other fourteen men will be employed . ' Yes , bnt a little awkward . fact introduced itself , namely , that the trade of the party referred to , had increased one third during tbe last three years . —( Hear , hear . )—He was now doing more with four men add a machine , than ke bad done before with eighteen men . and tbe four men he now employed were getting—not thirty shillinss a week , bnt fifteen shQIuy *—( Lond crie * of " Hear , hear . ")— "O , " said the anti-bead tax lecturer , " it is that infamous , that most diabolical law which restricts the trade of England , and causes the working classes to be starving in tbe midst of the wealth which their own labour creates . How is

      it likely that they can get clothing , while your warehouses are crammed with goods ? ' Why , this was the very reason that tbe working classes should just haTe as mncb aa they required—( bear , bear ) . Tbe bread tax , perhaps , amounted to sixpence per head in tfie consumption of food , and be pui it to the anti-Corn -Law lecturer , whether the 15 s . tax , consequent upon tbe invention of a machine , by employing four men at 15 s . a-week , instead of 18 before , at 30 s , was not more than the sixpenny tax 7—( bear , hear , and cheers- ) Then , it wm said ' * destroy machinery . " No . They did not seek that There was a very great difference between the use and the abuse of a thing . Tbe Chartists did sot seek the destiuction of machinery , but tbey wanted to give tbe people

      power * to make machinery subserrient to then happiness—( Loud cries of " heat , hear . " ) Never could this be accomplished until the people bad tbe power to make tbe laws which so materially affected their lives and the wealth which they created—( Hear , hear ) . Peel bad admitted in the House of Commons that the people bad a perfect tight to the suffrage , but that-tbe right was only an abstract one—(" , oh !'") He ( Mr . Leach ) did not know tbe difference between the two . He beld that right was right , and that wrong was wrong—( Hear , hear . ) Why would not Peel give the franchise to the labouring classes ? Because they were not sufficiently intelligent to make good ubb ot it—( hisses . ) He was aware that the working classes had not the intelligence that Feel had , DHt he did

      contend that they had a great deal which Peel bad not—( hear , hear , and laogbter > Tbey had not snch an education as Peel had got They might not know how to go through the etiquette of the higher order of society , or bow many bows and scrapes to nuke to a duke or a marquis . But they knew how to manufacture a good hat , and Peel did not—( cheers and laughter . ) He was too ignorant Tbe working classes could make shoes , but Peel cou ; d not—thear , hear . ) They could weave doth aad make it into coats . Peel could not do so . Why ? Because he was too ignorant—( bear , bear , and laughter . ) Why , tbe very carpet npon which Peel strutted , hi all his self-fancied conceit , was made by the working classes , who bad far more fense than be bad , or ever would have—( hear , and cheers . ) The bed upon which be laid was made by men

      of far more intelligence than he possessed . ( Hear , kear . ) So muca for Peel ' s judgment of the people ' s fitness for the electoral franchise . What would have been their condition , if they had been as ignorant as he was ? Tbey could make shoes for him , and provide him with clothes , and weave his carpets , and they bad intelligence enough to make him a coach to ride in , and yet he said they were too ignorant to be entrusted with the franchise . ( Hear , hear , and hisses . ) What would be Peel ' s position in the world , if the people possessed no more intelligence than he did 7 Why , he would be standing stark-naked in the world , a menument of aristocratic ignorance and impudence . ( Great laughter . ) Then , aeain , it was said that property would be endan-Cireil , if ILe working classes were entrusted viih th& h ^ rchii-3 . Wha t was property 1 It s ^ aned that Ktre r : ojd zz . d stone was to be considered of greater value

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      than the living man who elaborated it into shape , and gave it the only value it possessed —( Hear , hear . ) The material was made more valuable by law than by the hand that worked it—the plough more valuable than tbe kand that guided it through the soil —( Hear , hear . ) This ons . 'ht not to be , but it was so . There was n « pror perty , without the aid of tbe working classes , although the name had been given to it . How many factories were there standing in Leeds that night ? Were they property ? There was not a farthing ' s worth of property about them . They were property about half-past seven that night , and tbey would be property again ia the morning , because Woiktaf men would walk Into them , and then they became property , because those working men converted that which would otherwise be

      useless acd unprofitable , into that which was valuable and useful . —( Hear , hear . ) Then the question cameshould that stuff to which tbe name of property had been given , but which was of no use without the industry of tbe labouring classes , be considered of more value than those who produced it ?—(" No , no . *)—That was a question to be decided between tbe people and the people ' s oppressors . How soon it would be decided , he did not exactly know ; but , judging from the growing intelligence of the country , and tbe position of the middle classes , it could not be far distant —( hear , hear . ) Mr . O'Connor had told them that Peel had set up for a Chat tist manufacturer , and that be was doing se by tbe screw he had lately put upon the middle classes—( hear , hear ) . The working classes had been accustomed to say

      it was of very little consequence what burthens were put npon them , the middle classes , because they had' so happy a knack of thrusting them off their own shoulders . Bat the state of things was altered now . The mlcdle classes must either bear their cwn burthens themselves , or cast tbem away , which tbey pleased—( hear , bear ) . The labouring classes would not be made their toels any longer—( cheers ) . They assisted ttiem in tbe struggle for the Reform Bill , and some of tbem got hanged far their pains —( hear , hear ) . Now , the middle classes were shouting again for assistance . "Da , " said they , " good fellows , help us ont of our difficulties . It is true we deceived you once , but we shan't do it again . "—( laughter . ) What wa » the answer of the

      wo kiag classes ? They said , " No ; we wont help yon out , and we will not let yon get oat either . If you wish for a honest union with the working classes , we will walk out of cur difficulties together , bnt if yon are sot prepared U > go with as , we shall cling to your coat laps , and hold you where you are . "—( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) They had heard much of class legislation , aad that it was which had robbed the houses of the working classes of every comfort which they once possessed . They bad not the power of defending themselves against it . Why , in Mauchfcster there were 3 . 000 of what were called " Moveable tenants . " They shifted about from one place to another , every six or eight weeks . The landlord finding that-he could get no rent told the tenant to

      take his bits of things away , because- they were not worth taking himsaif ; but the tenant 8 ud , " No , I find I can live here as well as any where else , and I will stop here now . "iHear , hear)—This was the mode which the people were compelled to adopt to bring property to its own level , and they ought to do it . It was neither fair , honourable , or just that property should be considered of more importance than the men who created it—( Hear , hear)—Show him any particular enactment in the law of England which gave protection to tbe honest portion of the industrious classes . There were laws in abundance to give full scope to avarice and injustice , bat not one solitary law to protect the industrious classes against that avarice and injustice . —( Hear , hear . )—It

      had been said that if they repealed the Corn Laws , they would destroy the foreign trade . Why , were the labouring classss so silly as to suppose that Russia , Prussia , Ameriea , Germany , and many other places , with their millions of inhabitants , would pull down their factories , and turn to the plough tail , simply to become manufacturers for the English , and to allow the English cotton lords to become monopolists of the whole of Europe ?—( shouts of " No , no . " ) He thought not No law could destroy tbe foreign trade . They must have prosperity at home , and that could never be accomplished until the present system was cut up root and branch—( loud cheers ) . He remembered that Spring Rice bad quoted , as an argament in favour of foreign trade , that Ireland was more prosperous in 1834 than

      in 1824 . Ha brought documents to prove that the trade in Ireland ha < l increased £ 34 , 000 . 000 within tbe two periods . But what did he prove in reality ? Why , that tbe trade had increased from £ 8 . , 000 t * £ 12 , 000 . 000 , or , in other words , that the people had been rebbed of £ 4 , 000 . , because although more bnilecks , more sheep , more pigs , mure eggs , aud more poultry , might have left Ireland in 1834 than In 1854 , yet this was far from proving increasing prosperity of the country —( hear , hear . ) It simply proved this fact that the people of Ireland were too poor to consume what tbey produced , and , therefore , a market must be f ouad for that ; produce elsewhere—( bear , bear . ) And why were the people so poor , and more especially in England , that they could not

      clothe and feed themselves 7 Because machinery had superseded manual labour—( hear , bear . ) The man to whom he had alluded in the early part of his observations , aocording to tbe increased trade he had got , ought sow to be employing twenty-six men at thirty shillings a-v , eek , instead of four at fifteen —( hear . ) The ehartists were charged with being wishful to destroy machinery —( " No . ") Why , he remembered a Chartist once saying that he should be very much obliged to any man if he would invent a machine to take him to bed —daughter ) , — but that there should be this condition attached to it , that tbe bed should not be taken from him as well —( hear , hear ) . Tbe working classes thought that if machinery took away their labour , it bad no right to take tbe clothes from their backs and the food from their bellies —( hear , hear , and cheers . ) The present system could not continue . He

      believed England was destined to be the most wretched , the most degraded , and the most contemptible of any nation in the world , if that monstrous system of class legislation under which they were now Buffering , was not entirely abolished —( Htar , hear . ) Foreign powers were getting stronger , and they knew how to defend themselres . America was a powerful nati on , and destined to become greater than any ether . It was for tbe people of England , then , to look to themselves , and to arrest , if the other classes would not , the ruin with which the country was threatened . He most heartily responded to the toast of the " Working classes and protection for their labour , " and he hoped the time was not far distant when the enactment of the Charter would give to both their due and proper reward , —( Mr . Leach concluded amidst much cheering . )

      At this stage of the proceedings , Mr . Duncombe and Mr . O'Connor left the room . Their departure was greeted by loud cheering . Glee— • Oft let me wander /' Tbe Chairman gave as the next toast" Tbe speedy release of Frost , Williams , and Jones , and all political prisoners . " Drunk with much enthusiasm . Mr . T . Feazier responded to the toast He said he believed that tbe > e were very few persons in that assembly who would net join with him ia the expression of opinion , that soon might Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis , be brought back to their native land—( bear . ) Bat bow were tbey to be brought back ? Tbey could not expect tbe parties who had sent them far away would

      bring tbem back again . ( Hear , hear . ) Tbe Chartists of England must depend upon themselves for tbe consummation of this object , * and those who admired these exiled patriot * , and sympathised with them in their distress , must struggle to obtain freedom themselves , and then tbey could bring them back again . ( Cheers . ) They mast not allow these men to live out their days in a foreign -country . They must have them home again . ( Hear , bear , and cheers . ) They had not been guilty , as tad been falsely charged against them , of the mighty , heinous crime of endeavouring to bring about a bloody revolution among the people , and to establish their freedom by bloodshed —( hear , bear ) . They did not wteb to have liberty purchased at such a cost—they wished to achieve it bloodlessly .

      They wanted a peaceful struggle , such as they were enraged in at tbe present moment Their weapons were truth and justice—those of their opponents were unjust witnesses and unjust judges —( hear , hear , and cheers ) . These judges and these juries might have been paid by gold , or tbey might have been acted upon by interest , bat tbe esteem in which the Chartists beld such men as Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis , could never be sold , and be treated that it would never decrease In them—( shouts of " no , no . " *) Tbey must bring them home again , aud although their tyrants had these weapons to » fflict tbem with , although tbey might try to rule them wilb a rod of iron , and although they might try to put them down by the terror of . dungeons anil transwithia their breast

      portation , there was something which would animate them to peisiBt ia the glorious straggle which they had begun—( cheers ) . They bad much to encourage them . They were gathering friends from the middle classes of society—( hear hear ) One or two tbey had had among them that evening , and tbe principles of Chartism were likewise spreading among their own order—( hear , hear . ) It had often been said that " for a nation to be free , it is sufficient that she wills it" Let them get the nation to say so . Let them get the nation to joia in the demand for the Charter , and then it would become the law of the land . He was awar * that the means at their disposal for spreading their principles were contracted . But still let there be none faint hearted . Let those who had worked before

      determine to be more active than ever . If they wished to be free , tbey must effect it by a mighty struggle—( hear ) . He called npon tbem not to concede a stogie inch of the ground they had taken up . Let them go on straightforward , and be determined by peaceable and moral means to obtain their rights . Hebelieved tbey could achieve them if they liked—( bear . ) Had they not the disposition ?—( Yes ) He knew tbey had . But many of them were not up to the mark . They were not Chartists in soul aud body . He called upon tbem to be so , to exert their whole energies for their attainment ef tbe Charter ; and ft united people , with a righteous demand in their bands , could not loDg be resisted by any Government to whichever of tbe two factions tbe paity in power might happen to beloDg . ( Mr . Frrz ? r concluded amidst considerable cheering . ) G . ' ee , — " T' e House of Commons in an nsroar . ''

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      The Chairman said they had now arrived at the last toast , but one , and the next sentiment heihould offer was— .. . _ ¦ . .- ¦ . . ; -. ¦¦•• .. - ; . ¦ : ¦ .. "The immortal memory ot Mair , Palmer , CartsrHght , Hunt , FitMrald , Ernmett , and all the illustrious dead of every nation and every dime , who have fought in the glorious cause of freedom . " . ¦ Mr . ; -J . R .. H . BAiitSTow , of Leicester , '¦¦ . came forward amidst cheers , to speak to the sentiment . He began by saying that if it were warrantable , praiseworthy , and . laudable in the arlstocrccy to place on record the names of thosa who had travelled through human gore and oceans of human blood , to establish an oligarchy ; to rivet the chains of despotism on 8 nation ' s limbsor but to fasten

      , by another fibre , the crown » n a legitimate monarch ' s bead , —if it were Iaudible and praise worthy in the aristocracy to celebrate the birth days , as well-as the day on which the last of these men wm committed to toe earth , was it not equally praiseworthy and justifiable in the democracy of this country , in placing the proud and Illustrious names which had been read from the ohair , on r « cord , and perpetuating their deeds of valour , ef heroism , of patriotism , and of philanthropy , on the tablet of the mind , as well as planting them in the hearts and affdctions of every breathing and living Chartist ?—( hear , and cheera ) It waasald in the page of divine inspiration— "He being dead , yet speaketh : example la more powerful than words . " If there was one cause more than another in

      which it would be justifiable to fering the names and memories of the dead to recollection , and to awaken up reminiscences of the past , it could not be employed in a more holy and sacred cause than that in which they were then embarked . —( Hear , hear . )—Proud as might be the trophies which the arlstocraoyhad won on blood-stained battle fields , wealthy as the aristocracy had become , in pillaging every foreign nation of its spoil and gorgi-g themselves with its prey—proud aa might be their heraldic titles , and splendid as might be tbeemblexonmentof their ancestry , and the houses , with which they might be connected , there was not among the whole of them , no , not in the whole page of history , that could be considered equal with those mentioned in the sentiment proposed by the chairman—one whose virtues would

      bear moment ' s comparison with theirs , or one whose honour would live when these were green and verdurous as at the present hour—( hear , hear ) . Muir , the enterprising , the young , tbe vigorous , and the ardent , lit up the flaming torch of liberty in Scotland , to illumine the despotism and the gloom with which Dundas and Pitt had overclouded the country—Muir , the noble aud independent , was se ztd , thrown into a dungeon , and sentenced to fourteen years' tronspottatlon b a foreign laud , where he ended bis days . ( Shame I ) Palmar , a dissenting clergyman , was an individual who shared the same fate . He was arrested at the aaaie time , tried with as little ceremony , and sentenced with as little feeling . He fell a victim to the cruel and vindictive persecution of the Tory Government of that day . The

      next name on tbe lint was thu venerable patriot—Cartwright—( cheers , )—and the next was the indomitable , bold ; and lion-hearted Henry Hunt ( Hear , hear , and loud cheering . ) Henry Hunt was the bold , disinterested , and uncompromising advocate of those same great principles , which they were asserting at the present hour , and on the platform at Petertoo , when tbe ruffianly hands of the cavalry were dealing death and bloodshed around them , he displayed the same courage that day which marked bis character up to the hour of his death—( hear , hear , and cheers . ) Men changed , but he remained true , faithful , and firm to tbe People ' s Charter—( bear , hear . ) When would they see his like again ? The next two names on the list were Fitzgerald and Emmett , two unfortunate

      Irishmen . The first lost his life in an affray , aud the other had become immortalized by the memorable and eloquent speech which he made , when Norbury , the coldblooded miscreant who sat on his trial , asked him with bitter mockery , and with sarcastic irony , why sentence of death should not be pronounced against him . Thosa who bad read the life of Emaiett , and who had rea < l the circumstances connected with it and with his defence , would know how to admire tbe glowing , the ardent , tha warm , and unconquerable energy of that spirit which could never be quenched but in the gloom of the grave—( hear , bear ) . No verbal inscription marked the monument which covered bis mortal remains , bnt there was an Inscription engraven in the heart of every true democrat

      in Great Britain and Ireland?;—an immortal inscription that wopld remain there , atyer all tbe pride and pomp of insignia , and all the proud titles , and all the fulsome adulation and Hea written for the aristocracy , bad been forgotten—( cheers ) . What a contrast there was between these and the actions of most other men . Englishmen had figured little on the page of history , except in aiding the aristocracy in their unjust aggressions . Let them strive to make theirs a nobler destiny , Let them strive to act a higher character , to perform a a nobler part ., What , man become the slave of his brother I When men were found to prostrate themselves at the foot of a despot , the nation sunk not only in its political position , but in the self-esteem and salf-respect of other nations . It was the most deplorab ' e

      Index to the declining liberties of the people , and tbe final ruin and downfall of empires . When the working classes lost their selfrespect , and gave up tbe greatness of their own nature , to prostrate themselves before tinsel , coronets , and the pageantry which surrounded the aristocracy ; ' when tbey gave up mind to matter , —it was then thai the desp » t triumphed , —it was then that tyranny rioted and revelled in undisputed dominion , —it was then that the working classes sank irrecoverably to rise no more—( lottd cheers ) . Let then take a lesson from the noble heroes who were exhibited before them in the list which had been read . Their names were immortal They stood connected with tbe establishment f a great principle—a principle Implanted in the

      heart of every human being that was created , which was breathed into them with tbe breath of life—the dealre to be free—free as the winds of heaven , free as the breeze of spring , free as all naturo was . ( Cheers . ) Let them no longer voluntarily prostrate themselves before the arlsoocracy . ( Hear , hear ) Let them no longer sacrifice-the dignity of their nature , by being tbe mere slaves and serfs of aristocrats , of millionaires , of kings , and emperors , and sultans , and czars , who , after all , were nothing more than men . ( Hear , bear . ) Time was , when the great bulk of the community were dazzled by the trappings and external Insignia of such men . They thought there was something substantial beneath , but now they had found that it was mere skin—tbe mere surface , and that when stripped of these

      gaudy trappings , there was esconced under them a mana poor creeping ' , crawling worm of the earth . before whom they were to bow down and worship . ( Cheers . ) And men had worshipped them 1 And why ! Because they thought there was some thing tangible in high sounding names , till at length they discovered them to be mere air bladders pnffad op for the purpose of creating astonishment , and to attract tho vacant stare of the ignorant and the foolish . —( Loud cheers)—Why , men bad bowed down before a lord . Why t Simply because he was called a lord . —( Hear , hear . )—If be bad been a working man the multitude would rather have blown their noses upon him . —( Laughter and cheers . )—If a lord came into Leeds , or if her " Most Qraclous Majesty , the Queen . " —Queen simply by acclcdent ,

      because she was born in a palace , and because a certain man happened to be her father , and a certain woman her mother—was to pass through this town , be should not be surprised if working men would be found to lay aside their own nature , in order to fill the place of horses , and to shout as if their back bones won Id strike fire against their ribs—( Much laughter ) Yea . The working classes had been their own oppressers—their own destroyers . By their suppleness , by their servilenoss , by their littleness in their own esteem , by their voluntarily imposed humility , they bad become that ' cringing , crawling reptile , that had prostrated itself in the dust , that had been content with every name and epithet , and every kind of drudgery . —this thing which

      had been laden like a beast , kicked like a spaniel , lashed like a horse , had never dared to exhibit its teeth or to bite —( loud cheers . ) If it did either one tiling or the other , it was immediately arreted and thrown into a dungeon —( hear , bear . ) Was not this a specimen of the manner in which society was composed ?—{ hear , hear . ) What did he ask tbem to do ? He asked them to exhibit the virtues that these illustrious dead had exhibited—their firmness and attachment to principle , —their devotion to liberty , — their heroic spirit of self-denial and martyrdom , — that spirit which taught a man to discard all other considerations in his desire to enlarge the sphere of happiness of the whole human race . —( Cheers . )—The working classes had not worked

      out their own destiny as they ought to have done . They must now work ont their own salvation . They bad the power to obtain the Charter , if tbey directed their energies in the proper channel . Public opinion had taken a turn which it would be impossible to divert . Lord Abinger might spread his 'Scarlett Influence over a jury box—juries might be brought , steaming with prejudice , into the box , —judges of the most corrupt and venal description , might be selected to sit npon the trials—dungeons might open their doors , and close upon their victims—a prostituted and mercenery press might aid in the persecutionevery species of tyranny , civil and ecclesiastical , might come to the aid of the people ' s oppressors , bnt in the end tbe people would be free—( Much cheering . ) Now , then , was the time for their political redemption . They ought to have been free lone ago . Why

      were tbey still In bondage ? It was in consequence of their cowardice , their pussllanimlty , their waywardness , and their balf-heartedness , that they wero yet so far from their object —( Hear , hear . ) Let the people bnt exhibit a portion of the spirit and devotion to tke cause of liberty which Muir and his illustrious co-patriots had done , and the Charter was their own—( cheers ) . The cause was in their bands . They were now sailing in the national democratic frigate , on a tempestuous ocean it might be , bnt with truth as their rudder , justice as their pilot , honesty in their commander , and spirit and determination in the crew , ho believed they would , ere long navigate her safe through oil tbe rocks and breakers by which she was surrounded , safe into the port of natiobal prosperity and into the harbour ef national happiness , because of individual ceatent ( ilr . Bairstow resumed bis Beat amidst great cheering . )

      The Chairman then gave the last toast— "The Ladies ''—( great checrirg)—and called upon Mr . Wm . Jones , ' who responded in appropriate terniB , urging upon those ladies present to use their

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      influence with their husbands , sweethearts , and brothers , to join in the demand for the Charter , as the only means of making their homes happy , and their families prosperous . ¦ The interesting proceedings then terminated at about one o ' clock , and the numerous party' retired , highly delighted with the treat they had enjoyed .

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      A LECTURE DELIVERED IN MABYLEBONE IN 1841—still Appropriate , perhaps . . " While they promise- them liberty , they themselves are the servant * of corruption . " —2 nd Peter , 3 rd chap ., 19 th verse . ¦ ' ¦ ¦' , ¦ / ' ¦ / ¦'' ' .. . y-- : ¦ ' ; . • -. ' .- ¦ Chartist Brethren—I intend to night , by God ' s help and with your favour , to descant upon the corruptions and abases that have crept into , tbe Chartist cause itself—that tarnish its glory , that impair its strength , and , unle 8 s now checked , unless now swept out , will speedily destroy , or , what is worse , convert the cause into a curse , instead of a blessing—aye , make it a worse thing than the accursed system which it is meant to remove , or to remedy . The peculiar position in which I have been placed has enabled me most particularly to see , to know , and to feel the evils which threaten , which actually afflict our cause . I will give yon the benefit of my experience . I would not wish you to pass through the same yourselves .

      Having flung myself out of the iniqnitous system Into our righteous cause to sink or swim with it , having as a Chartist , identified myself with Cfrartisra , to be whatever it makes me—to go wherever It directs me—to suffer whatever it appoints me , I may say of myself and brethren in the words of St . Paul— "Even to this present hour we both hunger and thirst , and ire naked , and are buffeted , and have no certain dwelling-place . " One of those who left all to follow Ciwrtiam—a loznrions home for a bare prison—the rank : and station of a gentleman to become a bookseller—a house and shop for a mere lodging . Chart ' . aru shut the home and the hearts of my parents and brethren against ine—it made me an exile , an outcast , a fugitive , and yet . thank God , I can bless Chartism , and say of It , aa Qpldamith said of poetry , ' ¦ / '' . ; '¦ ¦ y : ' ; .. ' / .. ¦ ... '¦ "' ' . ' ¦ ¦ : .. ¦ ' ' . ' ¦ "Sweet source of all my joy and all' myywoe , That made me poor at first , and keeps me so . "

      Having struggled so long , so hard— -having Buffered so much in tha cause—sacrificed bo much for it—think ye not that I love it—that I dost on it with all the fondness of a mother for her babe which is rendered dearer to her by her very travail for it ? Can t then view without jealou 3 alarm any attempt to injure or to deface the cause ? One who has given up ease , health , happiness—a prosperous position and still more prosperous prospects—iu it for such an one to sit supine , to sit silent , to sit and see evil befal , or only likely to befal this cause—should he not run to the rescuesound the alarm and interpose himself to intercept the blow ?—yea , having served the cause in life—having sacrificed to it all that makes life valuable—let me sacrifice life itself at lost and serve tbe cause even in death . ¦ ¦¦ - ••¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ : ' ¦ / ' ¦" " ¦ ' . ¦ ' - -

      But the evils that are now resulting to our cause are from evil-doers in the canse itself—not from avowed enemies , but from professing friends—not from Whigs or Tories , bnt from Chartiata themselves—and , therefore , as some sensitive ones say , we should be tender tothem !—we should not touch them !? Should we not ? Ah . my friends , this cant is itself an evil—it has already done ua much mischief—We have been humbugged by it . If tbey are Chartists tkat are now injuring Chartism—injuring it more iban Corn Law Repealers , Socialists . New Movers , or Teetotallers could do—or would do—if our enemies be of our own housebold—in our own camp—then is the evil more to be

      deplored—it is more to be dreaded—then doth it behove the true friends of the cause to be all the more loud in warning , in rebuke ,. in remonstrance , yea , and , if necessary , in denunciation also . I know that this is a disagreeable task , a painful duty—I would it were not necessary to be done— -I would some one else would undertake it—I had rather suffer Anything , short of seeing the cause suffer than do it myself—yet , lest the cause should suffer by the neglect uf this most pressing and indispensible duty , I will do it and I care not what motives are attributed to me—what imputations are cast on me—I have an answer here for all—a still and quiet conscience !

      Sentinels' are now more needed than soldiers ; for nnlesa the army be saved from the foe without and the false friends within , we shall neither keep in a condition to attack the enemy nor to defend ourselves , He therefore is your best friend who fore warns you , for be thereby forearms you , an I the more praise is due to him the more unwelcome h s warning may be . Do not , therefore , as some of our Chartists did on a former occasion , fall foul on me for doing my duty ; but fall on those who render that duty necessary . We have now , my friends , a party among us more dangerous , more deadly than even ' the New Move party . That party went out from us , and hoisted the standard of revolt ; but the party I speak of remain with us : they hoist our colours : and by perfidy , by peculation ,

      by prevarication they seek to destroy or to disgrace the movement . They unscrew , unpeg to * chord of Chartism , and make it play false—jar discordantly . Canker-worms are they who , when tha "tree of freedom ' s wither'd trunk puts forth a leaf , " creep into It—bite it —blight it , and feed in the corruptions which they cause . These pests of Chartism resemble a party that pestered Christianity , whom the Apostle Paul characterizes as " lovers of themselves , covetous , boasters , false accusers , desplsers of the good . " Now , our nobie cause requires noble-minded , sound-hearted men—men like those who sat in the American Congress—such as Washington , Franklin , Adams , Jefferson , —not weak , spiteful , selfish creatures , who fame with self-importance , fret with mad impatience , and fritter away the

      public time and money—who have no charity , no candour , and are only fit to cast discredit on a cause that owns them not—that knows them not , for they have not a Christian or a Chartist garment A way with these , they are worse than traitors : traitors are tangible : you may get hold of them ; but the insignificant vermin of whoih I speak are like those insects that buz and sting , but are so small that they eae&pe the grasp , and can annoy—can envenom with impunity . I could name every one « f them—I know them well . They are the Jews , the Jerry Sneaks , the Jaremy Diddlera of Chartism . I could name them one by one ; bnt that would b * personal ! aud it is better that they should

      be suffered to proceed in their vile courses ; it is better that we Bhonld be provoked by them , be plagued by them—that they should drive out the good that are in , and keep ont the good that would come in ; It is better that they should corrupt the cause itself , make it contemptible , render it ridiculous , than that we should be personal { f ! than that we should point them oat with the finger of scorn , and put them out with the strong arm of indignation ! Yet tbey are but puppets , a kind of Punch and Judy Chartists , who play their parts greatly for the benefit of their incog , masters and a little for their own;—tools , dnpes . But we want no child ' s play : we want the Charter .

      My friends , there are many things ' that impede the progress of liberty ; bnt , because there are many , and because they are very difficult to withstand , there should be all the more care taken that we choose proper advocates , whose conduct will not be sucnas to increase rather than remove the difficulties in our way . In the first place , boys should not be sent to do the business of men—of mankind . Let the forward be kept backward . The vain and impertinent are more ready than the wise— :

      " Fools rush in where angels fear to tread I " We have many Chartists who do not know what Char > tistn is , what it means , whose practices are mere perversions of our principles . They cannot comprehend a great caose—they cannot abstract themselves from self —they bring their own private , petty personal feelings before the public , and , instead of uniting to forward tho cause , they thwart each other by factioss opposition and jealous jars—jobbers . An honest man is a spectre to them ; at the sight of him they immediately leave off

      their contentions with each other , ana combine to oppose him—conspire to ruin him . Cabals and intrigues will be formed against him , and ten to one but be will be driven away In disgust or despair . Yes , let » n honest Chartist come from the country—come from Lancashire , or Staffordshire , or Yorkshire , for these are the connties where Chartism flourishes most—let him come to Cockneyshire , to Cockaigne—come as a . missionary , come as a man , come in real earnest for the cause , sincere , and what will be bis fate ? He will become a beacon , a buoy .

      When I commenced my Chartist campaign in London , I chose for my motto the following stanza from Byron : — -. ' . - , ¦ ¦ . - ¦¦ ' . ' ¦ ; . . ¦ / . ¦ " And from the planks far shatter'd o ' er the rocks Build me a little bark of hope , once more To battle with the ocean and the shocks Of the loud breakers , and the ceaseless roar Which rushes on the solitary shore , Where all lies founder'd that was ever dear . But could I gather from the wave-worn store Enough for my rude bark , where should I steer t There woos no home , no hope , no life , save what is ¦¦ . here .. ¦ ¦ ' ¦ . ' ¦ "'¦¦ ¦ ' ' ¦

      Yes , I l « ft myself no reserve , no retreat . My maxim was , Do oil , dare all . Like Prince Charles Edward , when I drew the sword I throw away the scabbard . I lent my name , my time , my means to tbe cause . I was willing to act as the auxiliary , the ally , the very servant of the great men who had preceded me—wbo were placed abeve me , and I wished bnt for a position that would enable me to take an active , an effective part in the movement I took one up . I tried it as » a experiment It failed . Who was to blame ? Surely not myself , for I did what one man eould do , fighting- the battle * of others , rather than my own , night and day , at home and abroad—not the . people , who always act justly when not prejudiced or misled—not the selfish , undermining , circumventing crew , who , by baits and bribes and tricks of every description , rale all and roinall . y . ¦ .. ' ; ' -. ; ' . ' ' ... y - . - .. - ' . ' - ¦ ' ' . 11 On fair ground I could beat forty of them . " .

      Bat I had not fair ground—not a fair Held . When , like Hotspur , I was dry with rage and extreme toil , " Breathless and fajnt , leaning upon my swoid "when , like Hector . I was seated for rest , sprit , un ' armed , then , at that chosen moment , tho dastard curs ,

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      the heartless hinds , like Achilles * myrmidons , surrounded me , be < set me on every hand , an < 1 r > v . rjlowered me with numbers . I cast many a north * ard look—I fougJit bard—I fonght to the last—I fell fl , ?? itiDp ; and even now ( 1841 ) that I am down—that I am in : bel * hands—that I am under their feet . I pierce them ; J stab them as Charles XII did the To ? ks at Bender ; I shall beat tbem yet ! ( To be concluded in our next )

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      " ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN TO DO " HIS DUTY !" These words are memorable on two accounts;—1 st—Because they were uttered by the greatest naval hero which England or perhaps the world ever Baw—uttered by him just before going into battle—his last battle , with the French which was fought at Trafalgar where he fell victorious : —but , secondly , they are memorable on their own account—on account of the important truth which they contain . Nalson used these words in a mistaken sense—the duty he was then about to oarage inwa 8 notthe duty which England expeots of every man or of any man—b . 8 falsely thought that he ' . as to fight torh ] B king and country , but It was for hx king alone—his enntry disclaims such duty—it rather requires the reverse ; but i& Nelson and h <' s brcvetars ,

      though actuated by a false idea , fought so cnurajeonsly in a bad cause how ousht- 'we strive for our good cause 1 the victory tbey gained could not be glorious ; it lacked the essential characteristic of glory , a good causo!—tbe greater it was , the more it was to be deplored ; for they W 9 r 0 only rivetting their country ' s chains the closer— - only fastening the yoke more tightly upon their recks , and making tneir burdens the heavier . Bnt if they could strive so stoutly for their oppressors , ought n <> t we to strive more energetically for ourselves ? th .-h conflict was one of blood a-. d horror , but ours , as befits our righteous cause , ia one of peace , law , and order . Now ,

      a « such mistakes have arisen—aa men are so r . pt , to fail into a mistaken sense of duty—it is very requ site that we should know what our duty really is , and , knowing it , that we should do it and do no other . W . w ha ?« indeed many duties to perform—there is our duty to God and our country—our duties as men , as husbands , as parents , as children , as masters , as servants , and so on ; but all these may be said to merge into one grand duty which comprises all , namely , our duty to ourselves , for we never perform our duty so truly to ourselves as when we perform it to dthera- ^ this is the , way to obtain peace here and happiness hereafter . This is doing our duty 1 y

      But there are par'lcular cases of dnty which part ' eu-Iar circumstances require . The duty which Engl-uuiat present expects every man to do , and which I irieau to make the prominent topic of this diseourse , is to rescue her from that perdition which the tyranny of the aristocracy , and the avarice of the' middle-class ?* , is tost hastening her to—in a word the ditty which w « have more particularly fto do is to redeem onrselvea from slavery . " This iBonr business at present . England expects every Englishman to free himself and to save his eomiry . -. This , then , is our duty—the first to be done , for until we are free we cannot do our daty properly , either to Q . xl or man . We can do only the will of our tyrants , who task us , who torture us , and starve us when we can no longer work for them , or force xu to emigrate

      when they have nothing farther for us to do . But bow are we to become free—how ia this duty to be donethis object to be accomplished ? We must first associate to learn « ur rights , and then unite to r * wain them . Englishmen once wert free , and by the blessing of God they will again be free . They have been defrauded and nisarmeu , and now , feeling what they have list , feeling it in their homes and their hearts—feeling it everywhere they seek the cause ; they have found i—it is bid government—they want to apply the remedy—they know it—It is to reform the government : or rather to restore the ancient constitution of the country , which haa been changed , has been lost , has been destroyed by those who were its appointed guardians and conservators . Tha people have been thrust out of power , and thny must

      regain their rights before they can stop oppression , or remove or remedy its evils . How are they to regain them ? Why by the Charter ! But how are they to get the Charter ?• Aye , that ' s the question—therein liea our duty—tile duty that England expects of us—of every man among us . Many plans have been proposednone have , yet been fully acted npto ; or carried out . Oae thing Is needful . Not physical force ; that would be a curse worse than the disease , or rather , it would confirm the disease . Moral force is sufficient , and is the only safe and efficient remedy . We must make as many converts as we can . We have ft weekly and daily press . I wish we had a monthly too , for more means are wanted ., We must get up our localities better ; see to the expending of our own money , not so much on great and general efforts , as on the extending and improving of-our local spheres of aothm . We should

      observe more closely the engines or instruments by wblcb the system works and corrupts the minds of men or prevents them from joining us , and we should set up counteracting engines . Many men who might become us * ful members of our Association are now members of some other association , some association that is opposed to oura or misrepresents us . See 4 he Protestant Operas tiva Associations for upholding Church and State ; Tract Societies for upholding oertain eects ; Bchool for inculcating tbe non-wsistiag and passive obedience doctrines of tyrants . How are we to bring Chartism to bear upon these citadels of corruption , these strongholds of iniquity , but by having schools and chapels of our own ,-tf > keep ns or our children from ; those of tha enemy . We should thns fight the enemy on their owa ground . We should turn their weapons against there * selves . ' Perhaps we should proceed more slowly , but Ik would be more surely .

      " England - expects every man to do his duty . " Mark—not one man Or Bet of men , but every man . One man or set of men , might do their duty—maj- doithave dene , it—but it avails little unless others jJn . What would it signify if you or I did our duty , and the men of other places did not theirs ? How many men , instead of doing their duty , are doing nothing , or worse than nothing , running after dissipation or folly ? W « will not reproach them for this neglect of duty , but if they would consider how heavy it makes the duty for the few , and what suffering , what sin . is . taking place in consequence of this duty not being dene—bow England is sinking , deeper and deeper , day after lay , iu degradation and' ruin—if tbey would consider these things properly , would they not reproach themselves ! Would

      not their conscience * tell them chat their neglect was criminal , cruel , ungrateful—their folly madness—their opposition diabolical . England expects every man to do his dnty . " He is not worthy the aarae of man who knows bis dnty yet will not do it—at any rate he is not the man England expects him to be—he is not a trueborn Englishman . Nor is it every man only that England expects to do his dnty , but every woman likewise . England expects every woman to do her duty—and the more influence women have , the more responsible are they for it ; women are equally concerned with men in the wtilrare of England—for their own welfare equally depends upon it ; and their children ! what is to become of them if the world grow worse , as undoubtedly it will

      under the present system ? Who would wish to live when a living cannot be had ? life under sucb . circum stances is » series of miseries—every day is a bind of doomsday . Women can do more than men in thia great work ; for what we want to do Is to persuade others to join us , and who can persuade so well as women ? We all have heard of tbe great Westminster election , when Fox was the man of tbe people ; ladies of the first rank went among the electors and got the promises of a vast number of votes—Vgreat majoritj ensued . Who are better tract distributors , collectors , or teachers than women ? Women do most of the essential services in the Westeyan connexion . Women succeed best in obtaining subscriptions—we can deny them nothing—they are irresistible ! ( To bt concluded in our next- J

      Untitled Article

      ¦ '" MARKET INTELLIGENCE . London , smithfield , Monda y , Die . iflth . ~ Consideri g that the great Chirstmas market was held here last-week , we hod a full averge number of beasts on offer this morning , and , taken as a whole , tbe quality , not only of the Scots , homelands , Herefords , DevonsK Burhams , and short-horns , the four latter forming the principal portions of the arrivals , but , also , ef that of tbe other kinds brought forward was unusually good indeed , we might venture to observe that we never saw , better stock on sale at any previous corre * pbniaing period of the year . Notwithstanding the weather was ; somewhat unfavourable to slaughtering , the beef trade , was tolerably steady , yet for from bri&k . and

      in most transactions , last week ' s quotations were supported . However , as a general figure , we cannot quote more than 4 s 6 d for beef , though a few very superior Scots , Herefords , and Dorhacns sold at higher ra te * of currency , and a good clearance was effected by the salesmen previously to the close of business As to sheep , these were rather scanty , bat of good average quality— -if , indeed , we except that portion of the supply suffering from the effects of the epidemic . The demand for them was rather firm , at about the quotations obtained on this day se " nnigbt , Til , 3 s lQd to 48 for the best long-weolled and polled sheep ; and 4 ; 4 d to 4 s 6 d per 8 Ibs for the DdWns . The latter , ky

      the way , was tbe extreme price . The Vtal trade was steady at fully , but at nothing quotable beyond , late rates . Prime small Porkers sold freely , out In other kinds of Figs little was doing . The importation of live stock from abroad for our markets have been , M might be expected , on a very limited scale , the principal receipts being at Hull and Southampton . At the forme * port , 30 oxea and cows have been received from flam * burgh , per the Transit wd Manchester steamers ; at the latter , 50 beasts from Spain , mostly beneath the middle quality . Itis now pretty well ascertained that the foreign arrivals , owing to most of tbe principal rivers being bloeked up with ice , will be very small during the next three months . ¦ . '¦ - ¦ -- "' . ¦ - -

      Borough and Spitalpieldb . —The arrival of potatoes in the Poo ) , since this day se ' nnight , hareieepi again extensive ; those from the Channel Islands alone having exceeded 600 ; tens , while fourteen bags have ceme to hand from Harlingen in bad condition . © Mf supplies beirig large and the weather extremely mild fOX the season , the demand rules heavy , at about last ' week ^ prices . Scotch reds , 45 s . to 60 s . per ton ; York ditto , 55 s . to 603 . ; DevonB , 459 . to 60 s . ; Hint and Essex Whites , 40 ^ to 45 * ; Wisbeach , 35 s . to 46 s . ; Jersey ind Guernsey Blius , 35 s . to 40 s . ; Yorkshire Prince Receata . 45 s . to 503 .

      Untitled Article

      . . , " T H E N O R T HERN jTAR , T

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1192/page/7/