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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th February 1843, Edition 1 of 4, Page 4

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    • ! THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1843.
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      — DEBATE O 2 s MR . DUKCOMBE'S MOTION . ( Concluded from our Eighth page . J ¦ very great importance to the people of England , Ireland , and Scotland . It was a msxter of great Importance to ihem whether they should respect tneir tribunals and their judges . He wonJd tell tee Honse that ones Lord Abiager ' appearance oa that Commission , Special Commissions were held in delestalks and contempt . Bnt , so far as the other judges were concerned , they had a beautiful contrast with the Xoble Lord . He had endearonred to show to some Scotch Mends that the conduct , of Lord Abicfier was the exception and not the rnle . Every sort of care was taken in the English conris in the

      trial of a cause ; whereas in the Scotch courts they had nobody to defend prisoners except mere lads and yonths . Nothing showed greater abnse than l he Scotch criminal courts ; the prisoners were all ready " cst and dried" for condemnation—( laughter ) . There wtxe not more than two or three lawyers in a court , as d these were mere " spoons "—{ krao laughter ) Sot one man made his fob heavier or his pocket richer—( laughter )* He hoped that , if witnes ? e 3 could not be examined at the bar of the House , at Iea 3 t siep 3 wonld be taken to inqnire into the grievances complained of by thn petitioners and to redress them , and that no shuffling excuses wonld be ma-de to prevent justice i > eing doae—( hear and lauchterV .

      Mr . SoiSLKiT { Lord Abinper ^ s eldest son ) , in a low voice , and with visible emotion , appealed to the Honse whether the Learned Judge haa been fairly dealt with . Several petitions had been presented against him , and it was a remarkable circumstance , that all bnt one were conched in the very same "Kords . From what source these coinciding docaaent ? w ? re produced , it was not for him to say ; but he trusted the House wonld not allow a pnbho ser-Tacs , who had done his duty long and faithfully , to bfl borne down bv uujusi pressure .

      Lord Johk Rcsseia was of opinion , that a motion of ctcsnre ought not . exc ? pt in the gravest cases , to be entertained by this House . To sanction such attempts would be effecmally to destroy the independence of the Judges . Nor was his objection diminished by the form of this motion , confining Itself to Inqniryalone . Had Lord Abinger wilfully endeavoured , to oppress any of the Quetn * * subjects , he nrghthare felt it necessary to make an exception from what ought to be the general rule ; but Lord Abinger ' s character prcelnded such a supposition . He , however , could not agree in the view taken by the Attorney-General . In tronbled times it

      ¦ was peculiarly necessary that the charges of the Jnd « es should be mild -and temperate , because the sentences wonld thus obtain the more complete and general acgniescence . Lord Abinger ' s charges were objeciionable , as mixing political with legal matters , and so withdrawing the minds of the jury from the one proper subject of their cognizance . Lord John RusstJl then selected some particnlar paragraphs as exemplifying his objection-. Thay proved , in his opinion , that Lord Abinger , having much legal and much political knowledge , had broughi his political knowledg * to bear where his legal knowledge alone ought to have been exhibited .

      Sir Jakes Gbahak rejoiced in the Noble Lord * determination to oppose this motion , the more especially because he felt assured that , in the present circumstances of the coua ! r , y its snecess would haTe farmed the friends , and encouraged the eaexmes , of law and order . On former occasions , when the conduct of Judges had been -impugned , the course had been , not to propose inquiry , but to lay substantive charges on the table . This latter mode had been pursued in the ease of Sir Elijah Impgy , of Jndge Fox , of Lord Eilenborongh ( wiih reference to Lord Gochrane ) , and of Sir Jonah Barrington

      In Baron Smith ' s case , indeed , an inquiry was moved for and granted , but the order directing it was discharged a- few days afterwards . He conld not help concurring with Air . Scarlett , who had observed that the time was not yet come when it was io be held eulpable in an English Judge to expound t » a Jury the advantages of the English < 5 onsrituiicm . Itwas the dnty of a jndge , not only to contend against the encroachments of prerogative and privileges , but likewise to restrain popular license ¦ when it threatened danger to the common good . He concl u ded with a warm panegyric on Lord Abinger " s judicial character .

      Mr ^ SHABMiS Crawfoxd fonnd fault wiih Lord John Rnsseii for refusing his support to the motion . . Mr . Wjitsos could not give a silent Tote on the present occasion , as he intended to give it in snpport of th 8 motion of this Hon . Friend the Member forFlnsbury . He would do so , for a very short and simple reason , drawn from a former speech of the Noble Lord the member for North Lancashire in the case of Baron Smith . The Noble Lord , on that occasion , said , " We impnte no motives—we do not condemn Baron Smith . We merely say that there is a pnir . h fade case , which calls for inquiry , and the House is bound to make that inquiry "—( hear , hear , hear)— -On this occasion he ( Mr . Watson ) im-• puled no motives to Lord AbiDter , ha did not

      condemn that Learned Judge , hut he did say-that very Save and serious charges had betn made by his on . Friend \ and the representatives of the people wonld sot do their duty if they did not inquire into them . How far theinquiry was tobe earned would depend on the evidence which his Hon . Friend might be able to bring before the House . He differed with the Bight Hon . Baronet the Secretary for the Home Department , that to vote for inquiry was to condemn Lord Abinger * If it were so , he ( Mr . Watson ) wonld "withdraw from voting on the question . But he must say there were some charges in the pamphlet put forth by Lord Abinger , and other matters stated by his Hon . Friend , into which it was absolutely necessary to inquire . The eharge made by the Learned Jadge , either to the giand or petty jury , was cot a legal charge . He did no ; say that every personin this country had a consmntional

      light to advocate any principles of Government , pro * vided he did it by peaceable and lawful means ; but that those who , under pretext of advocating such principles , brcke the peace , and were the cause ol pnblie disturbance , were to be visited with punishment . The country was excit&d at the time the Learned Judge ' s charge waa delivered . It behoverj the Learned Judge to give calm and temperate directions to the ^ rand jury and the peUy jury , whe were then too much inclined to punishment , anc required such calmness and temper as were evinced by Lord Chief Jnstice Tindal—( hear , hear ) , ih ( Mr Watson ) repeated that he did not judge upoi these matters now , bat he thonghi they called foi inquiry . He certainly thought with all respect t < Lord Abinger , that he had nov shown himself a ver good politician . He was an instance in support o what ¦ was sometimes said , that la-Myers were very ba < politicians —! hear , hear , and laughter ) .

      Mr . Gabdwzll had been a witness of Lord Abra- : ger * s dignified conduct at the trials , and would oppose this motion . Mi . Dexcombb , inrepJy , said he had listened atten- ; lively to hear -wbctbsr anything might fall from those opposed to the motion which should induce him to withdraw it . He was bound to say he bad heard nothing "which should prevent him in the performance cf bis duty to tie public from taking the sense cf tb& House as to whether there should ba any inquiry into the condnct ol this Jndge . Tne Bight Hon . Bart , the Secretary of State for the Home DrDartment said it ' . ; ' i

      ¦ would ill become him to be the fulsome panegyrist of Lord Abinger , and he immediately followed up the de- \ deration by pronouncing the wannest snd most fulsome paneevrle that had been delivered oa the -whole conduct of the Noble Lord —( bear , hear ; . Tea Hon . Member for Horaham complained that he iMr . Daneombs ) had intro duced rtfersnee to recreancy and polities ! apostasy . But the Hon . and Learned Gentleman might have recollected that in his allusion to ths political apostacy of a former day , he was quoting an rxpres = ion cf the Rieht Hon Baronei tbft St ^ ret&ry for the Home Department , vho in aearessing Ute electors of Cumberland " , denounced Sir James Ssarletfc as a recreant Whis—( hear , hear ) . Yet i , !

      now they were told by the Right Hon . Baronet , that , looking at the whole past life of this Learned Lord , he saw nothing to find fault with ; and he asked whether they on his [ Sir . Dnncomba ' a ) ri . de cf the House , "would send tbe Learned Judge , at his aavaneea age , and . after Uae services be Cad performed , btfore a Committee , in a degrading manner , by an angry party vote . What fiif . ferent language from that of the speech to which he had referred , and TcWeJi he "would do"w take the liberty si leading to the Hv-nse . iLattgtter ) . The House would reeollect th- ^ t it did not contain his ( Mr . DuDOombe ' sj sentin-Eta , bnt these of tiie Bu&t Hon . Baronet the Secretary of State for the Home Department , They came befoM the public -with the authority of a Mlnbter of the Crown , &r the Right Hon . Baronet was then FirstLord ' 1 I . ' '' e ?

      of ttie Admiralty nnder Lord Grey ' s Governmeut It ¦ was at tbe -fane of the G = nerai Election for C Jcker-? ° ~ ~ " Tb * lart * ae I addressed you from these ' Imstogs , 1 remember I had a wish to know who repr * - aeatea the Borough of Codtermonth , and , except ths retoajjg oEca , Bo man could ten me—la liugbj-and \ yho bow represents feat Borough—( a Wice : Swktt ) * Aj ; and sorry I am to hear LMn ^ ed in thatwlj ioi I 1 » -was once a valued friend- I am glad ( said Mr Don ' wxnbe ) he i , mtoredto that honour ^ uStefi ? S- 1 tte Ex-Attomey-General , recre ^ Wn 47 a folW Of Pox , a nouunea of Earl Pitewflliam ,- a ^ honS ' "SV ^* " * «» a 5 » began to wage ( an SSITSJ ! " : *

      fly from the indignation « the peeple , aid ' » £ & £ in Cockermouttunder the wing c / mjLordLorS ' Mb ha . crept into tt » House" of Commons tooS ^ postern gate of which a reverend vicar , now on these ' ' hnsanp , keeps the key . He has akulked £ rom the of . 1 fe ^ ad majMty of tte peopte-uoud laughterj-and is ! to ^ found the representative of tnosa burgage tenures ' for » hici the late Mi Sathathw ^ te showed « SS fondness —; A voice in ths crowd : How do jon like flat , my Lord ? - •)"•— And I ay now ,- said Mr . Daneombe , looking at Sir James Graham , •» how do you like that my Lord "— flood laughter , in which the McmbeB on Ibe Miaifi ^ eriftl Btmches , except Sir James Grahaim , heartily joined ) . When the Right Hod . Bironet

      aid it » oni 3 ill become him to be the fulsome panegy-BSt of Lord Abinger , Be ( 51 s . Dancombt ) entirely agreed Titfc him , and ¦ wished he had not , ly going further , aiade Hnecwsary for him to »! lude to the Cockermouth speech . The Hon . Mtmfcsr for Bute asked whether

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      a Privy Councillor was not to have political opinions ? Of course he nlkht , but % Judge bad no business to bring his polities uponthe bench , auy more than a cleryyiuan bad to bring ttgjjn& | xito the pulpit . Tbe Hon . and Learned Qen < H&B ^ nl ^ gjJB ^ i . Lord Ablo $ er only claimed what the Chartlsls ^ SB ^ Ined for themselves . Nobody thought of dtayisc that the Noble Lord might have political party sentiments . He might indulge them in the Hcuse of Lsrds .. at the Carltou Clnb , at Norwich or anywhere cIbb ; but he had no right to let them influence him on tie judgment seat , when the lives or liberties of men were at stake , and' where the Noble Lord ' s politics might do serious ii-justice to several iBdividualB . He ( Mr . Dancombe ) confined himself to tbe printed charges of Lord Abinger , though he did not know -wh" they might not as well rely on the reports of the Times or the -Manchester Guardian , which some Hon . Members seemed to sneer at He believed that the Times and the Manchester Guardian possessed so > ne

      of the best reporters in thiB country . Those reporters attended on the occasion , and he had reason to believe that they were prepared to prove the correctness of their reports . Lord Abioger * a published versions of the charges had never appeared until notice was given at a public meeting that they would be brought before tbe House of Commons . They did net materially differ from the reportB in the Times ; but words were inserted here and there , which gave , in point of fact , to some sentences quite a different meaning from that of the newspaper report If the Committee of Inquiry had been granted , be cenld have proved to them that the report , which had beeD so much quoted , was Dot the most correct report ; and he was surprised that when the Hon . Member for Bute had quoted tbe examination of a witness by Lord Abinger , proceeding from the reporter sent down by Government , that he did not also quote the charge of Lord Abinger by the same reporter . Mr . S Woktlbt had not the report .

      Mr Dcncombe—Yes ; but you might have got i — ( hear . bear ) . If he conld have got the inquiry , the parties could have been produced to shew that the report published by Lord Abinger was not a correct report The report also given by Mr . Guruey was at the command of the Government , and conld have been produced . He said that this was a fit subject for inquiry —( bear , hear . ) The Attorney-General had complained of these petitions . He Bald there were but six or eight of thtm , and thfere was not ene that proceeded from tbe parties aggrieved . He should like to know what would be the effect cf producing these petitions . He had read a letter from one of the parties { 17 ilde } stating his complaint , which he conceived to be equal to a petition . Bat let him suppose that he had pr . sented a petition from

      Wilde , er any other of the prisoners ,. would they , on the other side , consent to an inquiry ? Would they consent to an inquiry if petitions hereafter were produced ? Not a bit of it . As they wonld not consent to tbe present motion , under the circumstances in which it was bronght forward , so they would not consent to it under any other circumstances . Why then , throw ont your objections , whuh . if removed , cuuid ba of bo avail ? This was a ssrt of special pleading on the part of the Attorney-General which he did not expect ; for if he produced those petitions , he would be as far removed from inquiry as ever—( hear , hear . ) And then the Hon . Member for Woodstock had said , that if they encsnraged petitions of this sort , they would have petitions from fc-very disappointed suitor , who would be coming to that House and asking them for redress , and seeking for an inquiry into the condnct of the Judges^—( hear )—Was thai the case at the present moment , when tbe

      Hon . and Learned Attorney-GrJitsral coaiplained that they had not a petition from one of the disappointed suitors ; and if they had , then another Hon . and Learned Gentleman told them they should have no inquiry—( cheers ; . Why , it was utterly impossible to please these gentlemen . This was not a case of private wrong . The whole nation was interested in this question , and the whole of the people were looking to it ; and they were about to see them in that House put & direct negative on the motion for an inquiry . The Hon . and Learned Attorney-GsnGral said he wonld meet this motion by a direct negative , and he * aid that he bad an objection to Judges delivering charges that had a political tendency ; but then he denied that the charges of Lord Abinger had a political tendency—( hear , hear ) . But then other supporters of the Noble Baron , who had spoken that evening , said that his charges had a political tendency . Othtr Hon . Gentlemen were more candid than the

      Attorney-General , for they not only said that tbe charges had a political tendency , but that tbey ought to have a political tendency , because they arose out of political events—( hear , hear . ) No one attempted to answer the argument of the Honourable and Learned Member for Cork , that if the charges should necessarily be of a political character , why was it that Chief Justice Tindal , who had also to dispose of political trials , did not deliver charges of exactly the same character ? He thought that of all tbe debates he had ever heard in that House , there never was one in which there was to be found so little of argument and ol reason in opposition to a motion—( bear . ) Tbey were , he said , determined to screen this jndge . TLe public ,

      however , wonl . 1 judge them and condemn them . He was satisfied that the public could come but to one conclusion with respect to those in that House , and that ¦ was , that they , in their desire to screen a delinquent judge , lost , sight of that which was owing to—[ the remainder ef the sentence was lost in loud cries of " Oh , oh , " from Members on tbe Ministerial benches . ] Ay « , tbe delinquencies of the jndge would go forth to tho country—tbey showed that it would not "bear that inquiry , which he challenged them to enter into . He said that the public wonld come to the conclusion that , in their desir * to screen a judge , they lost sight of that which w ^ 8 dne to the pure and impartial administration of jnstice—( cheers . )

      Mr Scarlett had one word to aid as to the accuracy of what Lord Abinger had published . He might state that he knew that who : was published in the pamphlet was taken from the Times , and only some small alterations made in it—( laughter . ) such as any one wonld make who wished to correct the mistakesthe usual mistakes of a report . Further , he had the best reason for believing th ^ t if that report were compared -with tbe short-hand notes taken by Mr . Gurney , it-would make it appear that there waa less point—in many of tbe allusions less point , than in that report | -which Lord Abinger had published . ' Toe Eouae then dividtd—] For the motion „ ? 3 1 Against „ 228 i Majority ..... 155 ! The following names constitute the minority fif T 3 , who Toted with Mr . Dancombe : —

      Aglionby , H A . Gore , Robert Pechell , Captain , Archbold , R . Ganger , T C . Plumridge , Capt ; Barnard , E G . Hall , Sir B . Ponsonby , Hon . J , i BeTkeky , Hon . C . Hastie , A . Ricardo . J . Lewis Barkely . H . F . Hawes , B . Roche , Sir D . Blake . Sir V . Hay , Sir A . Roebuck . J . A . Bowring , Dr . Holland , Robert Ross , D . E . I Brotherton , J . Bowman , E . Russell , Lord E . ! Basf-Hd , Wm . Hume , Joseph Stansfield , W R . ! ChEpma-., B . Hutt , W . Strickland , Sir G . Christie , W . 3 > . James , Wm . Strutt , Edward Cobden , RichaTd Johnson , General Thornely , Thos . CoSborne , W . R . Layard , Capt Turner , Edmund Collins , W . Leader , J . T . Tilliers , Chas . P . Cowper , Hon . W . Listowel , Barl of Wakey , Thomas Crawford , W . S . Macanley , T . B . Ward , H- G . D 3 wson , H . T . V . Majoribanks , S . Watson , W H . Dennistoun , J . Marsland , H . Wawn . JohnT . Dancan , George Martin , John Williams , W . Dandas , J . C . Mitcalfe , Henry Wood , B . Dandas . Adm . Mitchell , T . A . Yorke . H . R . ;; Eipbinstone , H . Morris , David tellers . Ewart , \ Y . Murphy , F . S . Dancombe , T . S . Feiguson , CoL Napier , Sir C . Wallace , R . Fleetwood . S ' trP . O'Brien , W S .

      - . , : GJ 1 , Thomas Paget , Frederick '} Captain Pechfll , understanding that the Right [; Hon . Baronetj the Secretary for the Home Depart-[ ' rnent , intended to rc-iatroduce thi 3 session a measure \; partly similar to that which he had proposed during ' | the ias ; session , and that which would involve the " i abolition of the Gilbert Unions , begged to 1 move ior certain returns , wiih the view of [ ' procuring information upon the subject , which ' be thought that the House , bsfore it proceeded

      ' to legislate upon it , should be in possession of . He . moved for & " Return of the number , names , and ages of all persons commuted to anj prison in England ' or Wales for any offenee in an union workhouse , established under the provisions of the Poor Law Amendment Act ; stating the i&ture of the offence , ' the period of punishment , the name of the union , and the number for each union and for each year , from the 25 ' . h day of March , 1835 , to the 25 th day of March , 1842 ; " with the population of each union , according to the last census . AIbo , " Similar returns ¦ for offences in workhousas of parishes and un : ons governed by guardians , vestrymen , or parish officers nnder loc&l aces and 22 d Geo . 3 , c . 83 , known as Gilbert ' s Act , or not included in any Poor Law Union . "—Agreed to . William Williams moved for return of

      Mr . a the sum expended in every Poor Law Union in England and Wales , in each of the yeara ended Ladyday 1841 and 1842 ; specifying the sum expended in salaries and establishment charges , the sum expended in in-door relief , the sum expended in outdoor relief , and the aggregate amount of the same ; also the number of pereons who received in door relief , and the number of pereons who received ouidoor relief in those years . Heturn ordered . Major C . Bhuce , in moving that a petition , formerly presented from the workmen employed in the Lowerhill Colliery , in Fife , be printed and distributed , gave notice that he would , on Tuesday next , call the attention of the House to a petition from certain colliers near Danfermline , and other places

      ; in Scotland , praying for an alteration in the Mines i and Collieries Act . He would also move for leave . to bring in a bill to allow nnmarried females , above | eighteen years of age , to be employed in mines in \ Scotland .

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      THE DEFENCE FUND . ik By St . Gbobqe ! but the work goes bravely on J ' The people have , this last week , bestirred themselves in earnest I Upwards ol £ 70 has been . forwarded within seven days ! Mr . Clkavb has received £ 60 ; and this office upwards of £ 10 . This is encouraging : it shows that the people , amidst all their poverty , spare from their scanty meal a crumb to serve their friends who are in the toils of the enemy for the people's sake ! It ia the visible manifestation of the people ' s estimation of , and gratitude for , valuable services rendered !

      We do not give the particulars of the subscriptions this week . The crowded state of our columns is one reason ; a desire to print all the Subscribers' Names together is another . For this latter purpose we shall reserve all further particulars 'till after the trial ; merely stating the gross sums raised . When the affair ia over , and the result known , we will exhibit to the world a full list of those who have befriended the prosecuted and the persecuted . To the good work , we again invite the people J Slacken not your exertions . Kegp up to the collar ! Work ! Work !! Work !! ! The time ' m short , and the calls are urgent !

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      THE LEAGUE OUTBREAK . ? RESULT OF HOWICK'S MOTION AND FERRAHD'S AMENDMENT . In last -week ' s Star we detailed , up to the time of going to press , the progress of the debate on Lord Howick ' s motion and Mr . Ferrand ' s amendment . We showed , that while the amendment included Howick's motion , it bound w tbe House " to an eHquiry into the effects of the operation of Machinery upon the producing classes , and also into the origin of " The Strike" outbreak in August last , which the mover of the amendment pledged himself , before all the people , to bring home to the door of the Anti-Corn-Law League .

      There was one thing observable in the debate which ensued upon the motion asd amendment , to which we directed especial attention : tlie silence of the League M . P ' s respecting Mr . Ferrand ' s serious charges ; and also the silence of the Home Secretary upon the same subject . Up to the close of the debate on Wednesday night last , not one of the members had touched upon the charge , either in support , refutation , or denial . Indeed it was not till Friday night , the night that the debate closed , that any attempt was made to grapple with the accusation . How the accusation was met ; how it was repelled , and replied to ; how it was answered , we are just now going to see .

      The reader will remember that one portion of Mr . Fhrrand ' s amendment was , that the House should resolve itself into a Committee of the whole House , to inquire into the origin of the Late disturbances in the manuftcturing districts : and that the Hon . Member openly stated , in moving this portion of the amendment , that he was prepared with evidence to PROVE that " the Striie" was originated by the Anti-Corn-Law League . Let the reader bear in mind that this was the charge , and that this was the offer . Let the reader remember these things , when reading over the answer to that charge , and the defence of the League , offered by Mr . Milnbr Gibson , the League member for Manchester . On Friday evening he said : —

      There had been a statement made which he thought Honourable Gentlemen on that side of the House were bound to rebut with tbe utmost indignation . It had been insinuated that the Members of the Anti-Corn Law Leaj { ue had by the violence of their speeches—tloud Ministerial cheers )—and by tbe Insinuations which they had thrown out at public meetings—( renewed cheering ) —induced men to commit unlawful acts—icheera . ) Nov ? he was prepared to say . tbal if there had been at ar . y of the meetings of tbe Anti-Corn Lav League any remarks that could be for ' one moment supposed to allude to the commission of such acts as had been alluded to , he said

      at oace that tberu were no men in this country more likely than tbe persons who were in the habit of attending those meetings to denounce with indignation tbe propounder of such suggestions . ( Cbeerp . ) He denied that the speeches which had been delivered possessed the character ascribed to them—( hear , hear . ) But it was said that these meetings had been the original cause of the disturbances which had taken place . If that were bo , why did not the Right Hon . Btronet , the Se-CTbtary of State for the Home Department , who had sent a Commissioner to inqom .- into the origin of the disturbances , lay the report of that Commissioner on the table of the House—{ hear ) .

      Sir J- tJBAHAH— " I said that I did not send a Commissioner , and that there was no such report as the Hon . Member alludes to "—( cheers . ) Mr . GiBSuN— " The Solicitor of the Home Office had sent Mr . Gregory into tbe nunufaeturimj districts ; and he had gone in two capacities : —one , professionally to assist in the legal proceedings against certain persona i ; i custody , the other of a confidential nature . What could have been the second object of Mr . Gregory ' u exertions ? Ha was sent down at the precise time of the disturbances ; he had some duty of a confidential nature to perform , and , considering that he was the solicitor of the Home Office , he ' asked -whether it waa any great tax on tbe belief of tbe country to suppose

      that ho had had instructions to inquire into the origin of the disturbances which bad arisen , aud that , having nothing to say on the subject that was satiifictory to the members of her Majesty s Govmnment , it hart b ^ en thought right that he should hul < i bis tongue- ( hoar , hean ? That , he thought , -wns tbe fair construction to be put on these proceedings —( hear , hear ) . But he woa-d ask Honourable Gsntlemen to apply their minds to tho denial of the anti-Corn Law League , that they had had nothing to do with the late disturbance * The anti-Corn Law League was composed for the most pa ; t

      of manufacturers ;— of nit-n v ? ho employed nearly twothirds of tbe population oi Lancashire , and to whom the country was indebted , not for having instructed the people to break tbe peace , but tor having opposed all measures of disturbance , anrt be asked whether Rien whose property was most txposed to destruction and waste were likely to cftinimt fscts the ten d ency of which was the creation of disturbance and a contempt for tbe law—( hear , heari ? Was there any property , be asked , so exposed to the operations of a lawless mob as that of the manufacturt r ? uud wonld not their own

      interest induce them , above all others , to prevent a J breach of th « peace ? Tncre was a much more plausi- i ble argument for accusing toe opposite party vt tb . V ., ( which they laid to the charge of the League— ( che rs and laughter from tho minis ' erlal benchts ) . He did * not make assertions without substantiating them . He believed thai the disturbancts had originated in tho , reduction of wages ; and tho first reduction of wagoa had been made by Conservative firms , and not by the firms belonging to members of the Ant :-Corn Law i League—( bear ) . He did not throw out this as * char ^ o i , tnosa 2 3 inert uumiug

      agaiast praon , Decause * was > . which he so much deprecattd as the iloctrins of teach- ' ing tha people that their masters could give them a < greater amount of wages than that which they rec&ived ; , in fact , that to reduce the amount of wages was to rob the artisan ef the fair reward of his labour . He could ' not think that there was any mode more calculated to bring about disturbances than this—( hear ) . The Conservatives began the reduction of wages because trade had declined and their profits had diminished ; indeed , he beliaveil the cotton trade nrver waa in a worse

      condition . But what did thi Conservatives say in tae speeches they made in various places ? aud , above all , what did they do by nifaus of the press ? They employed themselves in ev » jry way to excite the labouring classes aga-nst their masters —( cries of oh , oh , oh , ' from the ministerial benches , and cheers from the opposition ) . ^ He would read one or two extracts which appeared , before and after tbe disturbances , in the : Standai d newspaper , which was acknowledged to be the organ of her Majesty a Government —( cries of no , ' no , ' from the ministerial benches)—then , at any rate , < it wsa the organ of tbe Conservative party—( cries of ¦ oh ') He said this witkout hesitation , because he knew that at any rate newspaper editors did not write

      articles which were not congenial to their readers— j ( renewed criea of ' oh ') . He did not make tbe charge ; against gentlemen opposite , and should not have said a word about the matter if Honourable Members bad not got up in that House , and imputed to the members of the Anti-Corn Xaw League acts little short of murder . Will those belonging to tbe Anti-Corn Law League silently submit to be charged in thiB way—( cries of ' oh , oh" from tbe ministerial benches )? He felt bound to re ^ ut such accusations , when brought against himself and his friend ? . The charge was sparingly made that the antt-Com Law League were doing all in thsir

      power to work tbe labouring classes into a state of rebellion , ai > d accused tbe members of that body of making speeches which almost led to tbe commission of acts of murder—( hear , hear , from tbe Ministerial benches . ) L * t the house then see what the Standard newspaper said on the subject of the treatment of the labouring classes by the manufacturers . —( lond cries of ' oh ' . ) The Standard newspaper , previously to the breaking ont of the disturbances , said , ' Any appeal to justise , to humanity , is utterly out of the question . The tlie is , therefore cast , that tbe wages of the labourer are to be measured by the powd t ! purchasing what will barely support life , including the contingency of premature

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      destruction . ' —( cries of 'oh . ' ) This , be it recollected , was particularly addressed to the labouring classes in the manufacturing districts . Again , some time afterwards , at about the perhd of the disturbances , it was stated in the same newspaper : — ' There is no real excess of labour , though you , the millowners , make an artificial excess of y » ur own profit ; you violate the order of nature by working women and children in rivalship with men one year , with the certainty of abandoning all mon , women , and children , the next year to famine . ' Again , a few days afterwards it says : — 'When before have Englishmen , Englishwomen , Eaglisb infants , had to work under the cudgel and thong

      for more than ten hours a-day ? ' He found , also , in an article of tbe same newspaper of a subsequent date , the following passage : — As a mere matter of policy , therefore . \ he course which has been pursued by the manufacturing capitalists has been most injudicious , putting altogether aside the consideration of reciprocal moral duties or Christian feeling for the poor or oppressed . The impression continues uniform that the misguided persons that have been or may be gtiilty of excesses during tbe excitement of the strikes should be as leniently dealt with as is consistent with the supremacy of the law . " ( Loud cries of ' oh , oh , ' from the Ministerial benches ) He did not deny that

      these persons should be leniently dealt with ; but were not the opinions which he had just read equivalent to teaching the labouring classes the pernicious doctrine that masters could keep up the late of wages tu the labouring classes , and that to reduce wages was nothing more nor less than to rob the labouring classes . He wonld ask , could anything tend more to excite tbe people in tbe manufacturing districts against their masters than the utterance of such sentiments as tuese —( hear , hear ) ? He would read one more passage from the Standard , which was written after the disturbance had subsided—( loud cries of ' question' and ' oh ' from tae Ministerial benches . ) " A longer continuance

      of the turn out , however , must exhaust the savings ' banks deposits , and reduce the labouring manufacturers to utter destitution—acircumstauce of which the millowners will know bow to take advantage in the next adjustmeajt of wagts . The expression of feeling among tbe manufacturing labourers has gone already as far as it can be useful , and in many instances something too far . The attention of the Legislature must be directed to the subject next session , and doubtless a good Factory Law and a greatly amended Poor Law will be the result . Let the manufacturing labourers look patiently for these benefits . Any further active proceedings can only injure themselves . "—( Renewed cries of ' Question . ' ) Gdntleinen opposite then chose to indulge in charges which they could not justify , and they

      refuaes to hear the defence . But did not the extract which he hud just read look vuiy like a suggestion to tbe labouring people to act against machinery ?—( cries of ' Oh . ') He would ask the Right Hon . Baronet who sat opposite whether be was not aware tbat mills Bad been burnt and machinery bad been destroyed in the manufacturing districts in the presence of the police the magistracy , and country gentlemen , and not one hand was held up there to protect this property ?—( Cries of « Where V from the Ministerial benches ) . Why , in the manufacturing districts ; and he was sure the Right Hon . Bart , couid confirm bis statement , if ha were appealed to . Ho could produce uvidence to show where mills had been destroyed under such circumstances . " —( Cries of Name . ')

      This , then , is the answer of the League ! They are charged before the country with being the authors and originators of " the Strike" disturbances ; evidence is offered to bring the charge home to them ; and here is Qieir answer ! Let us examine it . It consists , first , of " an indignant rebuttal . " Just so mucli wind in opposition to offered evidence ! Then we have a train of reasons to show that the League manufacturers could not be interested in creating disturbances and outbreaks ; because their property would be in danger . Just so much wind again , in answer to the charge supported by evidence that Qiey have created disturbances ; that they have caused outbreaks ; and that these outbreaks led to serious loss of life , banishments and transporting ^ , and much

      imprisonment . In addition to these two points of defence , we hare a aeries of counter-a < xusatit > ns , by which it is intended to show that the Conservatives were the authors of " the Strike , " and that the Standard newspaper had more than an ordinary share in causing and perpetuating it , because it described and spoke againBt the oppression of the operatives by the Mill-owners ; and advised that the " misguided persons that had been guilty of exceesoe during the excitement of the Strikes should be as leniently dealt xritfi as was consistent with tlie supremacy of the law' "! This is the whole of the answer ! Not a jot more , nor a jot less . No indignant demand for investigation ; no challenging of inquiry ; no daring the accuser to bring forward his proofs ; no offer of testimony to rebut the foul , and slanderous , and criminal accusation !

      Ah ! the answer is no answer at all ! It does not explain away the meaning of Taunton of Coventry , when he talked of " risings and riots , " and " advised the appointment of a Committee of Public Safety " ! It does not explain away the meaning of Bailey of Sheffield , when he said : — " It was not ivords would move Parliament , Bi'T force ; this SHOULD have effect , if they did not change their system . He had heard of a gentleman who , in a private company , said , that if one hundred persons cast loK amongst the ™ , and the lot should fall upon him , h > would take the lut to deprive Sir Roltert Peel of life .. He felt convinced that no such attempt ought to be made upon any pretence whatever ; but was persuadid of this , that when Sir Robert Pkel Went to his giiave , there would be but

      * few shed one tear over him . ' 1 '' It does not explain away the meaning of young Finch , of Liverpool , who " advised the organising of the colliers for a general i strike , as a means of carrying the Repeal of the Corn ! Laws and the Charter . " It does not explain away the meaning of Alderman Chahpell , of MancJiester , who distinctly sani in open meeting , that " the only plan now left to the Mill-owners was to stop their j ' < facto hi ess , " and force the hands into the streets . It does not explain away the meaning of John Brooks , ! who talked about " something terrible just about to hapi pen that would bring some folks to their senses ; " nor ' , the meaning of his brother Leaguer that talked about "ARHESTINO THE WHEKLS OF

      GOVERN-! MENT" ! It does not explain away the meaning of the League organ , the Sunday Times , who boasted that the proposal for " shutting up the factories , " originated with himself ; nor his distinct avowal that the project was entertained by the League again and again ! It does not explain away the private meeting of the Leagued Manufacturers in the town of Manchester , where it was agreed that it would be unsafe to adopt the advice of the Sunday Times and of Alderman Chatpell , to " shut up the factories ; " but that the same end could be gained by reducing wages , and so working upon the operative population by fit instruments ns tn induce them to leave the factories of their own

      ¦ accord ! It does not explain away the determination then and there come to , that a general reduction of wages should be attempted , of at least twenty-five per cent ., between that time and Christinas ; and that , though each employer was to take his own time and manner of effecting this reduction , yet it was to be effected between and the period just named . It does not explain away the overtures and representations made by a League-Manufacturer in the town of Ashton , to some parties there , who can be named , to induce them to infuse a proper spirit of resistance amongst the factory hands to the proposed reductions ;

      by working on their feelings , and showing that unless a stir was made , their condition would be deplorable in the extreme : for , if the attempted reduction was carried out —( notice of a reduction had then been given by a Cotton firm in Ashton)—all the other masters would be compelled to follow the example thus forced on them ; while a determined stand at the outset might save them Hnich misery , and even be the means of forcing the Government to do something towards establishing the Charter . It does not explain away the several meetings held between tbat League-Manufacturer , and some half dozen others , at the house ol , in Ashton , where the whole i-lot was

      entered into , aud the means devised for carrying it into execution . It does not explain away the production o ) " An Address to the Workers " in MSS . at one o ! these meetings by , of Ashton , for the approval of the League-Manufacturer ; the tone and object of said address being to "get the people out P It does not explain away the arrangement come to ai that same meeting by the Leaguer and his tools , that should take the MSS . in his pocket to f meeting in Ashton , and procure its adoption by tlit assembly , he being authorised to state that severa friends had promised him donations towards the expense of printing it for circulation . It does not explain ; wvay the fact , that the MSS . address was so brough before a public meeting , and its [ adoption so procured

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      It does not explain away the fact , that the printing oftliat address was paid for by the League-Manufacturer and that its appearance on the walls caused universal attention , and paved the way for the Strike . It does not explain away the fact that a meeting was holden in the town of Ashton , to follow up the measures thus far detailed ; which meeting was attended and addressed by the men who had been privately concerting with the said League-Manufacturer ; and who were paid by him for their services . It does not explain away the nature of the speeches made to the

      assembled thousands on that occasion ; nor the recommendations openly given . It does not explain away the fact that this meeting was adjourned from place to place , time after time , until it had nearly perambulated the whole { district , visiting Staleybridge and Hyde , amongst other places . It does not explain away the fact , that the workers in all these places were addressed by the League-Manufacturer-paidconcocters of the whole proceedings . It does not explain away , that on the instant that Messrs . Bayley and Sons , of Ashton , gave notice of their intended reduction—( the other notice by

      a neighbouring firm having been withdrawn)—the "hands" all left the mill ; and they were joined by the major portion of the factory" hands * of the town . It does not explain away the fact , that a meeting of the " turnouts" was almost immediately held , presided over by a League-Manufacturer , at which it -was determined to " march into Manchester , to see the masters at the Exchange , and have a bit of talk with them about the attempted reduction ; " the said presiding League-Manufacturer offering to lead them up in person ! it does not explain away the conduct of several managers of the leading firms connected with the League , when '' the Strike" was progressing j

      particularly one , the son and partner of an Alderman Magistrate of Manchester , and leading Leaguer , who went round with their own men in their own' mill , showing where the plugs were , helping them to draw them , giving them beef and ale after the exploit , iind then directing them where to go to next to perform the same sort of plug-drawing operation !! It does not explain away the sending of Delegates from the Town of Ashton to the other parts of South and North Lancashire , with money found by the League-Manufacturer , te " get the people out ; " nor does it explain away the proceedings in Preston , which ended with a fearful loss of life ! !

      The " answer of the League" does not- explain away these tilings ; and till these things are fully inquired into , and explained away , we fancy that the people generally will hold with us that the answer ia no answer at all ! ! These are the charges that the League have to meet and rebut ! These are the charges that can be brought home to them , ¦ if a fair opportunity of inquiry is

      afforded . If the League were not conscious that they could be proven , they would be the Jirst to demand such inquiry ; and they would not content themselves with the miserable subterfuges offered by Milner Gibson as a defence ! They would not shelter themselves from the serious and criminal accusations brought against them , by paltry and laughable counter-accusations !

      When Mr . Ferrand first opened out upon the League manufacturers , and exposed the practices they so universally adopt of Truck , and of using paste and devil ' s dust , indignant were the denials , and loud were the calls for inquiry . Brotherton , Cobden , Mark Phillips , Vikliers , Gibson , and others of the League , almost run a race as to who should second Mr . Ferrand , if he dared to move for a Committee of Inquiry . He did so dare . He procured the appointment of such Committee ; and through his labours a system of the

      most tyrannical and heartless bearing upon the operatives engaged in manufacturing pursuits was laid fully bare . His charges were brought home 1 The Leaguers got ^ enough of "inquiry" ! Theytgot more than they liked . They have been very * j ^^ il how they have talked of " inquiry " ever sinCffTfie close of the labour ;* of the Truck Committee ! and they took precious good care not to offer to second Mr . Ferrand ' s motion this time , for an inquiry into the origin of the outbreak !

      That "inquiry , " however , we must have ! The League must ; not be allowed to shirk out of the charges thus . publicly and openly made , without a thorough investigation . Those charges must be met with , something more than Milner Gibson ' s bare word of denial , and a miserable set of counter accusations ! The " offered evidence , " that is to prove that the League originated the disturbances , must be heard and considered ! The case must be gone into , or the people must speak out !

      The inquiry can yet be had . Though Mr . Ferrand , as will be sen by the report of the proceedings in the House of Commons on Friday night withdrew his amendment , he did not preclude himself from moving it again as a distinct motion . Indeed we think he acted wisely in withdrawing on the occasion referred to , and under the circumstances . His amendment had other objects mixed up with the "inquiry into the Outbreaks . " It included Lord Howick ' s motion ^ which was sure , from the course of the debate , to be rejected ; so that this fud , would , of

      itself , have secured the negativing of the amendment . Another object contemplated by the amendment was the instituting ef an inquiry into the effects of the workings of machinery upon the operative classes-This , too , was a question not likely to secure the cooperation of miany , who might have been disposed to vote for inquiry into the conduct of the League in connection \ vith the outbreaks . Besides , one great object in moving the amendment had been gained . The charge had been made . The offer of evidence to support that charge ; to prove it ; had been made

      also . The League members had winced under the charge . On ] ) ' one of them all dare venture to hazard a denial ; arid that denial so feeble and so miserable , as to become evidence of guilt ! To have persevered in going to the vote under the circumstances we have detailed , would have been to ensure the rejection of the proposed inquiry , for the reasons above stated . This was felt by several who wished to support the demand fora searching investigation , Mr . T . S . Duncombe , amongst the number . We happen to know that Mr . Dvscombs desired Mr . Ferrand to withdraw ; and Mr . Ferrand did so , thus reserving to himself the ritfht to move for a select Committee to inquire into

      the charges he has preferred , and which he has offered to prove . That Select Committee we hope and trust he will move for . Indeed we have reason to believe thnt he wiih He has shewn himself hitherto to be a man who is not to be turned out of his path , nor induced to lay down his charge when he has once taken it in hand . His conduct on this question , will , we hope , be in accordance with kis general conduct on former occasions . It inight serve League purposes , were the matter to end where it is : but it will not serve the people ' s ! The lives of many of their brethren have been sacrificed ; the husbands and fathers of hundreds of mothers and " little ones" have risen forred into

      banishment ^ condemned penal settlements , or to the hulks ; hundreds of others have to perform hard-labour at the tread-wheel in the hell-holes of " Correction , " where they are doomed to all the horrors of a lingering starving-to-death existence . These butcherings , and these transportings , and these imprisonments , are attributable to the League , who led them into the excesses which procured for them the " vengeance of [ the law ; " and th » members of the League ought to suffer also ! !

      Yes ! the inquiry must be had ! We must know whether the charges made are trae or not ! We must not permit ; an association of this dangerous character to get up i outbreaks , which end in loss of life and liberty , and endangers the property of the co . untry ; we must not have such doings as these perpetrated with impunity ! We must not have Reverend Rascals inciting to ; assassination , without being visited with " the law ' s vengeance" ! especially since the law takes such good Care of a poor and , comparatively , innocent Chartist " Seditionist" ! To tlie report of the " 5 ce » e" at the close of the debate on Friday evening , we invite special attention .

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      It will be seen that Cobden tried the League ' s tactics of " violent and threatening language" tewards Sir Robert Peel , with considerable effect A confounded snubbing was the consequence ! He will not soon forget the castigation his impudence and insolence received What was left short in this respect was amply maie up by Mr . Roebuck , who happily exposed one of the most barefaced attempts at intimidation ever made . Mr Roebuck had expressed his intention of defending Lord Brougham from Cobden's charge of " madness " should he have the courage to make it in public , as he had then

      made it in private . " You had better not , " says Cobden ; or the " League will be down at Bath , and turn you out of your seat ! " Was there ever insolence equal to this ? The members of the House of Commons are to hold their voices and their seats at the will behest , and command of the League ! " Dare to defend Lord Brougham , and the Leagu « will turn you out of the House" ! The Queen and the Legislature had better " turn out , " and install the League at once as the Government , making Dickey , the bludgeon-man " First Dictator" !

      But " Lord Brougham ia mad . " So Cobden has found out ; and so the Leeds Mercury has , at last , discovered ! It is a pity that the discovery is so very late ! BitouGHAM was not " mad" when on ( he side of the League : he is only " mad" when he is compelled to wash his hands of the getters-up of outbreaks and indters to assassination ! The cry of " madness , " however , will not blunt the edge of Lord Brougham's denunciation of the Leaped assassins ! It will only add to its force ! The League should have shown that' there were no groundi for the charge made against them ; and they would have rid themselves of it . As it is , it will stick to them , spite of all the clatter about " madness" that can be raised !

      The threat of Cobden to turn Roebuck out of Bath if he dared to defend Lord BROUGHAJifrom the charge of " madness , " reminds ns of another matter connected with the League , which loldly calls for inquiry ; and which should form a portion of the matters to be referred to the Select Committee . We have heard a great noise lately , and seen a famous stir , made , about the £ 50 000 which the League have been raising for the accomplishment of their purposes . But what will tbe public think when they are informed that the managers of th « League confess to having spent 4100 , 000 before they asked for the contribution of the last £ 50 , 000 , about which so much bother has lieen made ?! Twice fifty thousand pounds had been expended in October last ! In what ? what for ? HOW ?

      These are the queries that ought to be answered ' These are matters that loudly call for inquiry . It is very seldom that the League publish any statement of their income and disbursements , even the most general . . We have , however , some data furnished bj themselves that gives rise to curious and seriooa speculations . Some year ago , they published that their income and expenditure had been , for the then passed year , £ 10 , 00 fr At the end of some six months from that announcement they stated that their expenditure had been £ 100 , 000 ! So that during one six months no less a sum than £ 90 , 000 had been disbursed !

      Now , on what had that immense sum been expended ? Dare the League show their accounts ? Dare they show to what purpose the money was applied ? Dare they produce vouchers for every payment made ? During those six months we had the general election and THE STRIKE ! How much of the £ 90 , 000 went to bribe the electors , and influence th « elections ; and liow much to the getting-up and sustaining

      of THE STRIKE ? If Parliament is honest , it will drag these facts to light . It will have these queries answered . It will compel the production of the accounts ! The present position of the question is this : ( ha League stand charged before the open face of day , as the authors and originators of the "Insurrec tionary Movement" in August last . An inquiry has been demanded , the party making the demand offering

      evidence to prove the truth of the charge he has preferred . That demand for inquiry has not ibeen haded by the accused ! They have not ventured to second efforts which would have procured a tribunal before which their innocence or guilt might and would have been established . They have shrunk from the investigation ! A bare , simple , unsupported denial is all they can offer in answer to the serious charge ; and that denial so feeble , so penrile , so weak , as to lead to no other presumption than a consciousness of guilt !

      There the question rests for the present . How long it will remain there depends partly upon the people . If Parliament does not institute the necessary , inquiry , it will be for the people to ask Parliament the reason tchy . If Parliament are afraid and awed by the League , thank God the people are not ! If the seats of Hon . Members are only held at the beck and controul of the League , the people have not yet sworn allegiance to it . And if the Parliament dare not to grapple with the Leaguers , why then the people must try !

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      __^^ - _ . r , fifs-. * , **** j _ ii _ n _» i _ n _ r ^ n _» - _» i _ ni-n-r-Lj-u' li l ll ^^^ M " , ir , A ^* J ^ *'*'* 1 *** THE PARTISAN JUDGE ! I « another part of this sheet will be found a fall report of the debate on Mr . Ddncombe ' s motion for an inquiry into the partisan ard " brutal" conduct of Lord Abinger , during the late Special Commission in Lancashire and Cheshire . To it we can bnt call especial attention . It is impossible to » dd to its interestor to set the question in a dearer

      , light , than it is set forth in the speech of Mr . Duncombe , by any commentary of ours . ™ has well and nobly done his duty ! He has been well supported by Messrs . Mubpht and Watson , two of the advocates retained for the defence of the Chartist " conspirators" at Lancaster next week . The points in Mr . Murphy ' s speech are exceedingly well put . Mr . Wallace , too , was not lacking . He

      rendered efficient aid . The defencoof Lord Abinger by tbe Attorney-General and Sir James Graham will also be found in the report ; and a miserable defence it was There , however , it is : let the reader judge . Dokcombe's reply wa 3 crushing ! How bicK Sir James Graham must have looked , when ffBbeted so completely , as the " fulsome adulator " a man he had before-time treated with the u . m scorn and contempt ! ,,-g Mr . Duncombb has earned another measure oi people ' s gratitude . He has proved himself war J of the post he has assumed . His services wiu soon be forgotten : ivi uuiuu

      . __ , owu uu ^ * ft it " The motion waa unsuccessful . " In J s ^! was : not in another . The majority stifled uw » quiry . They prevented the evidence from * offered , wliicb would have established the charj \ partisanship , blind bigotry , and excessive brut But they did not prevent seventy-three- nm ^ ^ voting for such inquiry . They did not preven expression of opinion by these * ecfn y " r \ ere there were grounds for inquiry ; that * , portions of tho Judge ' s conduct W ;* W * " > planation ! And howeyer the « ei « b « A may think they have screened him . « , may tmns iney uavo auiecucu « . — . - D 1 tteilT wiu

      that he has to plume himself upon . ' He . remember , when next he ascend g the judgment »| that his conduct has been denounced as na minded , savage , and brutal ; and he will reneci » seventythree have voted that these <** & * *** & far established , aa to make a primafacu * cas inquiry . He will reflect , too , upon the fret U »» inquiry was mothered ! and that euch smother * did not purge him from the charges preferred . There is a rumour that he fe to retire from the Bench . It is better he should do so To o ^ J * longer under tie circumstances would be pamini w both Judge and Judged I

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      Gsss&BSgm August last , at l *^< iS ^ ffSt £ mob . and Accrington , been ^ e leader of a rio * ^ and by force , threats , ^ J * ^ ' ^ disposed her Majesty ' s peaceable , { W ™^^ nations . Lancaster Castle .

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      j EEDDITCH — The needlemasters of Redditch j are beginning to make the eaters of cheap bread fe « l , how much they rejoice at having such aa oppori tanity of reducing their wages . Tommy Truck is . alive and kicking ! any body may find him at tho \ house of Mr . \ Vm . James , and Mr . Bealte , of Red' ditch , if they iLquire . In fact , the fellow visits every patty tyrant in tbia locality .

      ! The Northern Star. Saturday, February 25, 1843.

      ! THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 25 , 1843 .

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      4 THE NORTHERN STAR ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 25, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1201/page/4/