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3-usl Published, price 2s. 6d., and sent free on receipt of a Post-office Order for 3s. 6d.
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THE TEIAL.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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MANLY YIGOUR : a Popular Inquiry into the j V CONCEALED CAT 3 SES oF its PREMATURE ¦ t DECLINE ; with Instructions for its COMPLETE ; h HESTORATION , addressed to those suffering from ] ] the Destructive Consequences of Excessive Indnl- ' i fence in Solitary and Delusive Habits , Yoathful j s Imprudence , or Infection ; with Remarks on the ; i Treatment of Ghonorrhce , Gleet , Stricture and Syph- ¦ i ills . Hinstrated with Case 3 , &o . , f I c 3 T C J . irCAS , & . CO ., COSSTJ 1 I 1 KG SUBGEONS , LOSDON J t And may he had of the Authors , 6 { f , Newman-Blreet , Oxford-street , London ; and sold by Brittan E 11 Pa ternoster-row ; J- Gordon , 146 , Leadenhallstreet ; J . Butler , medical bookseller , 4 . St . Thomas ' s- street , Soutawark ; C Westerton , 15 , Park-side , ! ] Knightsbridge ; H . Phillip ;? , 264 , Oxford-street ; | < Pield , 65 , Quadrant , Regent-street ; Huett , 141 , High j Bolbonij London ; J . Buckton , BooKseller , 50 , Briggate , Leeds ; J . Noble , 23 , Market-platfe , Hull ; T . Sowler , Courier Office , 4 , St . Ann ' s Square , and H . "Whitmore , 109 , Market Street , Manchester ;! "W . Howeli , Bookseller , 75 , Dale Street , and J . J Howell , 54 , Waterloo-place , Church-street , Liver-1 ' pool ; W . Wood , Bookseller , 78 , High Street , Bir- J jningham ; W . Lawson , 51 , Stone-gate , York ; W . , Barradongh , 40 , Fargate , Shefiadd ; W . and H . J ' Robinson & Co . 11 , Greenside-street , Edinburgh ; ' T . Price , 93 , Dime-street , Dublin ; and by all ] Booksellers in the United Kingdom . r } "The Tarions forms of bodily and mental weakness s incapacity , suffering and disease , faithfully delineated i in this cautiously written and practical work , are i almost unknown , generally misunderstood , and ; treated upon principles correspondingly erroneous ! ; and superficial , by the present race of medical prac-i titioneis . Hence the necessity for the publication of a timely safeguard , a silent yet friendly monitor , or , 1 wher ? debility has made threatening * inroads , the means of escape and the certainty of restoration . The evils to which , the book adverts are extensive and identical in their secret ynd hidden origin , and j , there are none to whom , as Parents , Guardians , ) ; Heads of Families , and especially of public Schools , } is confided the care of young people , who ought to remain for a moment devoid of that information and those B&lutary cautions this work is intended to con-Tey . Not only are the most delicate forms of generatiye r debility neglected by the family physician , fcntthey require for their safe management the exclusive study of a life entirely abstracted from the routine of general practice , and ( as in other departments of the profession ) attentively concentrated in the daily and long continued observation requisite for the correct treatment of sexual infirmities . "Ifwe consider the topics upon either in a moral or social "view , we find the interests and welfare of | mankind seriously involved . The effects of licentious , j Indiscriminate and secret indulgence in certain prao- 1 tices , are described with an accuracy and ' force which j : display at once profound reflection and extensive ! practical experience , "— The Planet . \ ** The best of all friends is the Professional j Peiksd : and in no shape can he be consulted with greater safety and secrecy ihan in " Lccas on Manly VjgoOT . " The initiation into vicious indulgence ^— . its progress—its results in both Eexes , are given with ; faithful , but alas ! for human nature , with afflicting j truth . However , the Authors have not exposed the , evil without affording a remedy . It shows how j "MasxtTigous" temporarily impaired , and mental i and physical emasculation , produced by uncontrolled i indulgence of the passions , can be restored ; how the : sufferer , who has pined in anguishfrom the conse-< juenee 3 of early indiscretion—afraid almost to encounter his fellow man , can regain the vigour of j health and moral courage . The work is written in i a concise and perspicuous style , displaying how often J fond parents aredeceived by theputward physical ap- j i pearance of their youthful offspring ; ho w the attenua-1 iionofthe-frame , palpitationofthei neart , dersngement : of thenervous system , cough , indigestion , and a train ] of symptoms indicative of consumption or general \ decay , are often ascribed to wrong-causes ; and in- ; stead-of being the natural results of congenital debi- >; lily or disease , are the consequences of an alluring ' and pernicious practice , alike destructive to the mind andoody . "—BtWs New Weekly Messenger . , a Although a newspaper is not the ordinary chan- ] nel for the expression of opinion upon the merits of a medical work , this remark is open to exception in any instance where the public , and not the isolated and exclusive members of the profession , are the ' parties addressed . Upon that which is directed to ! men indiscriminately , the world will form its own . opinion , and will demand that medieal works for > ' popular study should be devoid of that mysteriou 3 technicality in which the science of medicine has hitherto shronded its own ignorance . The work before us treats of subjects we believe generally , yet Tery strangely , neglected by the medical attendant , amiToqoinsg-doubtlessly tis in operative midwifery ' ' sad the Burgery of the eye > an entire devotedness to » deeply important branch of study . The tone of this book is highly moral , and it abounds in wellwritten , harrowing , yet correct displays of the suffering consequent upon unbridled sensualism . No human being can be the worse for its perusal ; to multitudes it must prove a warning beacon , a welltold appeal to reason , a permanent blessing . It is ¦ wri tten in a dez ? intelligible style , sad is evidently ¦ the production ei a mind long and practically con- ' Tersaut with tbe diseases of the most delicate division of the human organization . "— The Magnet . : "The security of happihess in ihb xaheiags , state is the chief asxiet j of all ; but many dread entering upon wedded union , through a secret fear of unfitness for the discharge of matrimonial obligations . This essay is most particularly addressed to - all Buffering under a despondency of the character alluded to ; and advice will be found calculated to i cheer the drooping heart , and point the way to reno- i T * ted health . ' ^ ; Messrs . Lucas & Co . are to be daily consulted , from ten t ill two , and from five till eight in the even- i ing , at their residence , No . 60 , Newman-street , Oxford-street , London . ; Country Patients are requested to be as minute as possible in the detail of their cases , as to the duration i of the complaint , the symptoms , age , general habits ' of living , and oecapatien in fife of the party , The ' communication must be accompanied by the usual consultation fee of £ 1 , without which ho notice ! ¦ whatever can be taken * of their application ; and in | mil- eases the most inviolable secrecy may be ' relied on . - ; Sold by Ms . Joseph Btjcbjox , Bookseller , ! £ 0 , Briggite , Leeds ; and Mr . W . Lawson , 51 , Stonegate , York ; by whom this Work is sent ( post-paid ) in a sealed envelope for 3 ? . 6 d ' - r I
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V ] s i i c E DR . STYAN , CONTINUES with unabated success to cure a-CERTAIN DISEASE , and all disorders arising -herefrom in a few days , without restraint of diet or hindrance from business , at his Medical Hall , 125 , East-street , bottom of Kirkgate , Leeds . Observe , I have often been advised to employ agents for the sale of my medicines , but I never wonld give ear to it ; I have seen too much the bad results of Medicines being sold in that way , they frequently leave more uncured than they cure . All cases are not alike . I mu-t Eee jny patients and then I can do them justice without imposition . - All diseases incident to the human frame very successfully treated . —Advice gratis . Bleeding , and Teeth carefully Extracted .
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] < . ' ' ' } s i i ; ; 1 i ] , ] BLAIR'S GOUT AND RHEUilATIC PILLS . Case from LiUon , Bedfordshire , communicated by Mr . Phillips , Chemiil and Druggist , to Mr . T . Prout , 229 , Strand , London . Luton , Bedfordshire , Oct . 19 , 1841 . SIR , —1 feel desirou 3 of expressing to you the great benefit which I have received from the use of Blair ' s Goat and Rheumatic PiTs . I have for several years been afflicted with Rheumatism and Gout , the attacks of which were excessively severe . Daring one of these painful visitations a kind friend presented me with a box of Blair ' s Pills , from the use of which I found immediate relief and very soon entirely recovered . At a subsequent period I was so severely attacked that he thought it wonld be unwise to delay placing myself under medical rare . I did so ; but not finding the relief which I expected , I again became my own physician . At this time my legs and thighs were swelled to a very great extent . immediately procured a box of Blair ' s Pills from Mr . W . Phillips , your agent in this town , and after taking two doses 1 was free from pain , and the swelling subsided . I now never fail to use them whenever I am attacked by this painful malady , and they invariably give me relief after one or two doses . Several of my . acquaintances use them , and experience the same benefit . I trust you will insert this among your list of cases , as I am anxious to bear witness to the emcacy of this excellent medicine . I am , Sir , yours most respectfully . RICHARD 5 T 0 NE . Sugar Loaf , London Road , Luton . The never-failing effects of BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS in curing every description of Gout and Rheumatism , have secured to them a celebrity unequalled by any mediolne of past or present times . They not only give relief in a few hours , where the patient has been driven nearly to madness by the excruciating tortures of this decease , but restore to perfeot health in an inconceivably short space of time . They are equally speedy and certain in rheumatism , either chrome or acute , lumbago , sciatica , pains in the head or face , and indeed for every rheumatio ' or gouty affection ; in fact , such has been the rapidity , perfect ease , aud complete safety of this medicine , that it has astonished all who have taken it , and there is not a city , town , or village in the kingdom , but contains many grateful evidences of its benign influence . Sold by T . Prout , 229 , Strand , London , Price 2 s . 9 d . per box , and by his appointment , by Heaton , Hay , Allen , Land , Haigh , Smith , Be ll , Townsend , BaineB and Newsome , Smeeton , Reinhardt , Leedsj Brooke , Dewsbury ; Dennis & Son , Moxon , Little , Hardman , Linney , Hargrove , York ; Brooke & Co ., Walker & Co ., Stafford , Faulkner , Doncaster ; Judson , Harrison , Linney , Ripon ; Foggitt , Coates , Thompson , Thirsk ; Wiley , Easingwold ; England , Fell , Spivey , Huddersfield ; Ward , Richmond ; Cameron , Knaresbro '; Pease , Oliver , Darlington ; Dixon , Metcalfe , Langdale , Nonhallerton ; Rhodes , Snaith ; Goldthorpe , Tadcaster ; Rogerson , Cooper , Newby , Kay , Bradford ; Brice , Priestley , Pontefract ; Cordwefl , Gill , Lawton , Dawson , Smith , Wakefield ; Berry , Denton ; Suier , Leyland , Hartley , Parker , Dunn , Halifax ; Booth , Roohdale ; Lambert , Boronghbridge ; Dalby , Wetherby ; Wake , Horrogate ; Wall , Barnsley ; and all respectable Medicine Venders throughout the kingdom . Ask for Blair ' s Gout and Rheumatic Pills , and observe the name and address of " Thomas Prout , 229 , Strand , London , " impressed upon the Government Stamp affixed to each box of the Genuine Medicine .
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[ In our first edition of last week , we gave only the opening part of the Attorney-GencraVs speech . On account of the great importance of the trial , ice resume our report at the point at which we left off in successive Editions . ] . '
GOVERNMENT PROSECUTION OF FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ . AND OTHERS , FOR AN ALLEGED CONSPIRACY . LANCASTER .-NISI PRIUS COURT . Wednesday , March l . C Continued from our last iceek ' s paper . J The Attobhby-Gejskral in continuation : — With respect to several of the other defendants , the jury would find language used , the meaning and objects of which it would be for them to judge and determine what character ought fairly to belong to it . They would find that several of the speakers alluded distinctly to the use of direct physical force One man stated in particular that he had been at Birmingham , Biteton , and the Potteries , and he
found a spirit of enthusiasm prevailing amoiig the people . He said he should support the resolution under discussion without making a long speech because he believed the people in Staffordshire and Yorkshire , and many other parts , were determined to fight . He was himself prepared for the worst . The Shaksperians , of Leicester , would not be behind in the cause . If they wanted to proceed , they must place themselves in a proper attitude , and show that they were prepared to fight . " He must appeal to the common sense of the Jury to say what language of this sort meant , used in the presence of other persons , and no objection urged to it by those to whom it was addressed . He would appeal to them to say whether those who put forth
such an address , as he had quoted from , with , as they pretended , the force of peace , law , and order , " could mean anything but the reverse . If they thought that it had the force of peace , law , and order , then whoever was the author , they must hold Mm justifiable . But it was his ( tfee Attorney * General ' s ) duty—and he could assure them a most painfnl duty it was , to bring under their cognizance all these circumstances , and to ask them what conclusion they could put , as men of sense and experience , upon the language that was thus used . He asked whether the persons who met and put forth this address , could posBibly be viewed in any other lij ; ht than as abettors of those more unfortunate , because less enlightened
, persons , who were going from town to town , encouraged by this address , and provoked by it into excesses which , under other circumstanes , they would have besn disposed to avoid ? Ho could assure the Jary , that at the innocence of any one of the individuals who was before them he should as much rejoice as any person who could take the deepest interest in their fate . But the duty he had to discharge to the Jury , to the public , and to the country at large , rendered it impossible , however painful that duty might be , to shrink from its performance by showing anything like reserve . Hn had now bat one statement to make beyond those to which he had already called their attention . It was one which he made with very mingled feelings
indeed , with respect to the intelligence and forbearance of those who took part in the late movement , but one which at the Bame time furnished a strong illustration of the extreme peril in which the country must be placed , if such things could happen as those he was then authorized to state . The labour of the coantrjj not only asregarded manufactures , waa stopped , but there was a general turn out of all hands and all trades , even to those engaged in supplying the most ordinary necessaries of life . He believed the baker and the butcher were permitted to go on , but the shoemaker and tailor were stopped in their labour until the object of the turn-out should have been accomplished . It was mani f est that if Each a system could be enforced to the verv letter .
great public mischief must ensue . The Learned Gentleman went on to refer to the formation of a ** Committee of Public Safety , " but who subsequently styled themselves a Committee of Operatives . " This body dispensed icenses to persons , to enable them to carry on busine e to a limited extent , and great vigilance was exercised in order to present their going beyond that license . In one iastance , a tailor received orders to make some mourning , but he dare not execute them unt il he went to this committee , and obtained their sanction . He mentioned this fact as a proof of the extraordinary extent and the intelligence with which this matter was carried on , and of the numbers that were engaged in this species of Btrong violation of the law , at the same time that
it appeared to have for its object , to a certain extent , the interests of society . There could be no donbt that if an attempt of this sort was to be made , it perhaps could not be made with more respect for property and for life , than generally did obtain , even where violence was used . He should bear willing testimony to the forbearance that was personally apparent , even in the most lawless acts that were committed . The boldest defiance of the law had been accompanied by a respect for life and property , and he felt rejoiced that he lived in a country , where , if excesses of this description did occur , they were tempered by s forbearance which shone conspicuously amidst the violation of v I 7 iba £ " * teken P ) ace- Iu * e remarks which oe tod though * n necessary to make , he had abstained
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from using one solitary expression of harshness . He desired to give no character to these offences beyond that whioh the law itself put upon them . He invited the Jury , as dispassionately as it was possible , to consider the evidence , and that while they acted calmly and coolly , to be firm in the vindication of the law . To them would ultimately be committed the question of the guilt or the innocence of the defendants . It might be possible that as respected some of them , there would be that weakness of evidence , or that absence of violent spirit , as to induce them favourably to consider snob of the cases . In that
favourable consideration he should cordially go along with them , or to recommend , if they found them guilty , to tho favourable consideration of the court alone . With these observations , inviting the jury as much as possible to abstain from any topic that might disturb them in the calmest exercise of their consciences , and in the most faithful discharge of their duty , as ¦ well for the defendants , as for the publio , on whose behalf it was performed , and for whose protection this inquiry was instituted , he would leave the casein their hand ? , again entreating them to be guided by evidence alone , and , as it , made for or against the defendants , to return their verdict accordingly .
At the close of the Learned Gentleman ' s address , Gco . Johnson , one of the defendants for whom Mr . Serjeant Murphy had been retained , announced his intention of conducting bis own de ' enco . The following witnesses were then called : — Jospph Haigh . —I live at Ashton-under-Lyoe . I was living there in July last . I am a milkman . I remember meetings taking place at Ashton last year . I remember one on the 26 th of July . It was hold on an open spaoe of ground called Thacker ' s Foundry . I was at a meeting in the evening from eight to nine o ' clock . I should think from 3000 to 4000 persons would be present . There was a chairman . His name was William Woodruffs , one of the defendants . I knew hs * was the chai rman , by
introducing speakers to the meeting . He was elevated on a cart or waggon , or something of that sort . He is a shoemaker . The first speaker he introduced was William Aitken , another of the defendants . I had known him before . I remember his saying , after speaking on the Charter and different things , " he should advise the cotton lords , particularly the Messrs . Rayncrs , to keep within the precincts of their own palaces , as dark nights were coming on , and the reckoning day was at hand . " Before that day I had seen a placard on the walls of . Ashton j with something of that sort on it . I think the words on it were—• ' Behold the reckoning day is at hand . " Woodruffe did not say anything more with respect to the reckoning day . I was at a meeting on Friday , the 12 sh of Auaast , in Charles- ;
town Chapel or meeting room , adjoining Ashton . This waB at nine o ' clock in the morning . The meeting was called by the bellman . John Alexander ; Stuart was in the chair . He is not a defendant . Woodruffe asked him privately if he would take the chair . From sixty to eighty persons would be present . I heard Woodruffe say that he had a resolution to propose to this effect , that in order to facilitate the advance of wages all labour do cease ., Stuart , on taking the chair , said he hoped that nothing would be brought forward at the meeting , that would bring himself or them within the pale of the law ; but as he had taken the chair , he would , put such resolutions as the meeting thought proper .
Woodruffe advocated the principle of the resolution . He was in an elevated situation . It was a kind of a pulpit . I can ' t recolleot what he said in particular . I remember his saying that he was one of the persons instrumental in calling tho meeting . I left the meeting at half-past nine . I was at another meeting on Sunday , the 14 th of August . It was held a little after nine in the morning , on Thacker ' s ground . A person of the name of Joseph Hilton was in the chair . He is not a defendant . The meeting begun before I got there . There was some singing . One or two verses of a hymn were sung . Alexander Challenger , one of the defendants , was there , and ! another , George Johnson . Tho latter gave out the hymn . I remember one verse . It ran thus : —
A charge to keep I have , A God to glorify , A never-dying soul to save , And fit it for the sky . " Johnson afterwards gave them a religious exhortation , and when he had done , others gave exhortations . The chairman then said that he had received a communication from some one , whom he did not know , which he would read . It was to this effect , that the committee had come to the determination that labour shonld not be ret umed until the Charter had become the law of the land . At the time this
was said , much confusion took place , as the peoplo seemed dissatisfied . Johnson and Challenger were present , when the chairman read this out . There is a street called Stamford-street , in Ashton . I was there about nine in the morning of the 30 th of Aug . In going up the street , on the way to the Town-hall , being at that time a special constable , I saw a procession going up . It consisted of men , women , and boys . There were four or five men abreast in front , and then a lot of women , and lastly , a number of boys . Woodruffe waa one of the four men in front . The whole number would amount to sixty or seventy . I had heard something said as they passed . They cried ? fall in , fall in . " They went to Stalybridjje . I followed them as far as the Globe Inn , perhaps 200 yards from Stamford-street Ashton , Dukinfield , Hyde , Stalybridge , and Mottram , are in the neighbourhood , and Glossop a little more to the East .
Cross-examined by Mr . Dundas—The reason I went to the meeting on the 26 th of July , was from having seen a placard on the wall . I did not take notes of what passed . I nave a tolerable memory . I went to the meeting before I had been sworn in a special constable . I was not sent by any person , but went of my own accord . There are three or four magistrates living in Ashton . They were at the Town Hall , at ten o ' clock in the morning of tho 12 th of August . The bellman had gone round before I had received the summous to be sworn in . I believe Alexander Challenger is a factory operative , and George Johnson is a hatter . The exhortations
given were religious ones . There were several thousands present . After the Chairman had read the anonymous note , there were divisions and murmurs , and agitations , in consequence of the meeting being put into a sort of moveable position . —( A laugh . ) Whilst the consternation was going on , I came away . Re-examined by George Johnson—I wish to ask the witness whether the meeting on the Sunday did not begin by prayer ! The Judge—He has said so in substance , but he did not get there till after the meeting commenced . Defendant—Did you not swear on your examination that there was no prayer 1
Witness—I do not remember , for I was not there at the beginning . Judge—He said there iwere religious exhortations . Defendant—I have no further questions to ask him . Henry Brierley , examined by Sir G . Lewin—I live at Stalybridge , and work at a factory . On the 22 ch of July last , I was present at a meeting held on a plot of ground , called the Haigh , which is iu Stalybridge . I am not aware how it was called . I went to the meeting near eight o ' clock in the evening . I think there were some hundreds of persons there . The Chairman was James Fenton , of Ashton , onejof the defendants . I was there at the time
he was called to the chair . He was unanimously chosen . After being elected , there was a resolution moved , I rather thiukit was proposed by Challenger , but I should not know the person again . The effect of the resolution was , that the reduction of wages was injurious not only to the workmen bat also to the masters and shopkeepers . The motion was carried unanimously . I remember seeing Richard Pilling , and Brophy , and William Stephenson , three of the defendants , there ; Storah was there , too , but should not know him again . Pilling moved another resolution , which was something similar to the former . They said they wanted a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work , but th » y were of opinion that it could not be obtained unless the Charter became the law of the land . The resolution was carried unanimously . A third waa then moved by Brophy . I knew .
him by name and sight at the same time . The nature of the third resolution was to draw up » memorial to Sir R . Peel , for ten thousand stand of arms . ( Laughter . ) It was for the purpose of protecting the lives and property of the working classes against those who refused to pay the property tax . No particular persons were mentioned as having refused to pay the tax . This resolution was also passed unanimously . The meeting then , broke op peaceably . They adjourned the meeting to Hyde , hut I am not aware whether the proposition was put from the chair . A meeting did take place at Hyde , but 1 did not attend . I was present at another meeting , at Duokinfield , on the 2 nd or 3 rd , of August , at eight o ' olook in the morning . When I got there , I found Storah moving a resolution .
Mr . Dundas contended that there was no evidence to show that Storah was at this meeting . The Attorney-General maintained that the evidence was Buffioient , because the indictment charged the defendants with having conspired with divers other persons , to the jurors unknown , and the general character of the meetings , held from time to time , must be taken into account . The Judge concurred in opinion with the Learned Gentleman , but thought the evidence with regard to Storah was weak .
Examination resumed—The resolution moved by , Storah was to the effect , that a fair day ' s wage could not be obtained until the Charter became the law of the land . At this meeting , I heard Pilling giving a lecture on the state of the country . He said things were in a bad state , that it was difficult to get a living , but he recommended the meeting to observe peace , law , and order . It was about halfpast nine before the meeting concluded . Another meeting was held at Droylsden on the following day . On Friday , the 12 th of August , I saw a procession coming from the direction of Air , Bailey ' s mill ,
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There were several hundreds . They went to a plot of land near Cheetham ' s mill , but no meeting was held . They then , went to the Haigh , where James Fenton was chosen as chairman . I saw besides Thomas Mahon , John Durham , and William Stephenson , three other defendants . They were the principal speakers . They said nothing particular , but exhorted the peoplo to stick out until they got a fair day's wage . The procession was part of Bailoy ' s workmen . They met again in the evening , at the Haigh , between seven and eight . I saw the same four defendants and Brophy there . They delivered lectures , exhorting the people to try to obtain the Charter by lawful means . There was another meeting on the following
morning , at five o clock , and they went in procession through Duckenfield to Hyde , and returned by Newton . They then dispersed to go for their waees . The fame evening they met again at the Haigh . Tne same persons were there . A man from Liverpool gave a lecture . He said he was sorry , to find the country in such a state as it was , and advised them to go to work again . He thought it was not possible to get the Charter then . The lecture , on the whole , was well received . It was a very good lecture . Brophy gave a lecture , and recommended people to turn teetotallers , and keap sober . On Sunday morning , the 7 th of August , there was another meeting on Mottram Moor . Some thousands were present . The bellman of Hyde was in the chair .
William Stephenson addressed the meeting on the principles of the Charter . No resolutions were moved in my hearing . In the evening of the same day there was a meeting in a preaching room , at Stalybridge . From forty to fifty persons were present . Stephenson and Mahon were there . A man came in , and said that he understood that Mr . William Bailey wished to see some of the members of the committee . Some of them thought it advisable to go , and others not . Mahon said he thought it was of no use going to the masters . He said they had turned out for the Charter , and would stick to it . Mahon is not one of Bailey's men . The meeting determined they would not go , and they broke up . On the following morning , another meeting took place at the Haitfb , at five o ' olook . Brophy addressed the meeting , and said they must get out those who had gone to their work . He said they must get them out by legal means , if possible ,
or 8 top them as they were going . Durham said they would have a procession through Duckinfield and Ashton , to let the masters see that they were out . Mahon and Stephenson said that they were going in procession through Ashton after breakfast . The people divided into lots , and they fetched the bands out of all the mills . I then returned to the meeting at the Haigh , and Durham said they must get Bailey ' s men out first , and go in procession through Ashton . He ordered them to go peaceably . Durham , Stephenson , Mahon , Brophy , and several other persons , whom I did not know , were in the procession I saw Crossley talking to Brophy , going down Duskinfield-hill . The procession went down Caroline-street , over Duckinfield-brow , to M r . Hindley's mill . They were linked arm-in-arm , and walked four or five abreast . They had no sticks , only two or three flags and music . Before they got to Hmdlay ' s mill tho men had turned out . There was no mob near the mill
at the time . A few boys had preceded the procession . I went to Hyde , about half-past four . None of the men who came from Stalybridge were there . I found the hands of one factory fetching out the hands of another . I eaw Durham , Stephenson , and John Leach , of Hyde , at a meeting in the evening of the same day . Leach was addressing the meeting when I got there . He said he thought it was the most proper to turn out for their wages , and not for the Charter . He thought it would be impossible to get the Charter then . Mahon said that the Ashton and the Stalybridge people must have a meeting on Thacker ' s Ground , and go in procession ro Manchester , but that thoy were not to take any sticks
with them . I was at the Haigh , next morning , at five o'clock . Fonton was chiefly the chairman . Durham , Stephenson , and Mahou , were there . A leoture was given by Fenton . He recommended the people to keep in peace and order , in going to Manchester . On the following morning , another meeting took place , at the Haigh , at five o ' clock . Fenton , Durham , Stephenson , and Glossop were there . They said they would go to Glossop and see how the people there were coming on . I did not go with them , and I don't know whether they went or not . The next morning another meeting took place on the Haigh , at the same time . They were falling out between the wage question and the Charter . Fenton thought one thing at a time was
enough , and Durham also advocated the wage question . Stephenson and Mahon advocated the Char * ter . I did not see Crossley there . I understand that the object of tho peoplo in meeting every morning at the Haigh , was to keep the people combined together . On the 12 th of August all the workpeople were out . On the 13 th , I saw a procession at Stalybridge There was a publio meeting held in the evening . Fenton , Stephenson , Durham , and Mahon were there . I think Aitkin , Woolfenden , John Leach of Hyde , and Johnson , were there also . Wild opened the meeting in favour of the wage question . It was suggested that a list of delegates should ascertain what were the highest and lowest rate of wages whioh the masters would give , in
order that they might strike a medium , and go to work . In the meantime the operatives could not return to work , as the masters had shut up their mills for a month . They agreed to do so after the men had turned out . At the meeting on the evening of the 13 th there were several thousands there . Nothing was said about what the operatives were to do until the Charter had been obtained ; but that they were to keep peace , law , and order . The Charter was foroed upon the meeting by the Glossop people , who came armed with sticks and bludgeons . On the Sunday afternoon another meeting took place , at which Woolfenden , delivered a lecture , but I went away just as he was taking a text . Woolfenden said something about the Charter , but not in connection with the wage question . In the evening another meeting took place , at which a lecturer from
Manchester attended . He said he was sorry that the people were out of work ; and that it hurt his feelings to think that they had come out on the Charter . Oa the morning of the lfth they again met . Fenton , Stephenson , Durham , and Mahon were there . Aikin was also present . A discussion took place between the wage question and the Charter . Mahon and Stephenson thought they might as well go for both , but they would give in to the majority of the meeting . They recommended the people to keep peace , law , and order and not to injure any one . I know the Chartist meeting room , at Ashton . A meeting took place there on the evening of the same day . Mahon was there . He read something from a newspaper , after which it was suggested that he should go to Manchester as a delegate to the Conference there , * but that another meeting should be held to elect him .
Cross-examined by Sergeant Murpby—1 have been a carder in a cotton factory . I was not engaged as a turn-out on this occasion , but I have haa experience connected with a turn-out twelve years ago . No mention was made then of the Charter . A committee of working men was formed to direct the movements of the turn-outs . One of the objects of that committee was to confer with the masters on the question of wages . At that time there were fifty-iwo masters who determined to stop their mills , iu consequence of the turn-out . They would not let them work . 1 believe delegates were chosen on that occasion , to go from one factory to another , to notice the course of proceedings of the different turn-outs .
Tne Attorney-General did not see how his Learned Friend could make what had ocourred twelve years ago , matter of argument in this case . Surely his Learned Friend did not justify what had recently happened by a precedent of twelve years ago , The Judge had thought that as the cross-examination was going on , the object of it was to show that the fact of delegates having been appointed twelve years ago . to ascertain the proceedings of the different turn-outs was not in itself per se criminal . Mr . Serjeant Murphy—Precisely , my Lord , at the meetings 1 have referred to . Cross-examination resumed—On all occasions in whioh the Charter was mentioned , peace , law and order was inculcated .
Re-examined by Mr . Atherton—The wages of the working classes at Ashton and Stalybridge , were extremely low , during these latter turn-outs , and consequently much dissatisfaction prevailed amongst the working classes and shopkeepers . A great amount of distress prevailed , and some persons could scarcely obtain anything to eat . Wages have been declining ever since 1826 , and the distress has increased in proportion . Shopkeepers have had meetings , and have said that tney would support the operatives in getting a better remuneration . None of them have interfered to prevent the operative * holding their meetings .
Re-examined by ; Mr . O'Connor—Wakes are an annual feast , and strangers flock from all parts of the country to where they are held . The first great gathering was held on the 15 th of August- I believe that on that ; day Bailey's men had received notice of a reduction in their wages , amounting to 25 per cent ., and that they must turn ont unless they would submit to that reduction . They would not agree to the reduction . The men complained that the Baileys had said they should play for a month , and therefore they said it was of no use to try to go to work . I remember meetings held after
the 25 th of August . The owners of the chapels opened their doors for them . They commisaerated with the working classes , because they were out of work . The owners of the chapels were not Chartists . One of them belonged to the Methodist New Connexion . At the meetings of shopkeepers the general rumour was thSt they complained of the masters having turned out the men . During all the meetings I attended , I never saw a single breach of the peace . It is true that Bailey ' s men went in a body to the mill , and asked to bo taken into work again , I saw them go . The fact i f * ag well known to me as any gther to whioh I
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have sworn . ) Some of the masters would , not open their doors till the moath was out , and in the meantime the meh were ready to go to work . Mahon was appointed a delegate on the 15 th of August , and by the 25 th the whole question respecting the Charter andj wages was settled , and the men went into work again . By the Attorney-General—I repeat that I saw no breach of the peace committed . There are twenty-five or thirty mills in Ashton . By the Judge—The people came out of the mills , generally , of their owa accord . I do not know any instance in which they did not do so .
At this stage of the proceedings , the Court adjourned for a few minutes . Mr . Wm . Clayton , constable of Hyde , examined by Mr . Hilyard—I was at a meeting held at Hyde on the first jof August . George . Candelei acted as chairman . jThe assemblage was addressed by sever *! persons . Caudelet , John Leach , Robert Wild , and William Moorhouse . A resolution was put to the meeting by Candelet . It was to the effeot that if there was another reduction of wages offered by their masters , would they , one and all , turn out There was a cry of " Yes , yes . " The Chairman proposed a show of hands to that effect , and Candelet afterwards addressed the meeting . He i aid
he hoped the men at Hyde would prove true one to another , and then we will soon have our rights—that ! will be the Charter and nothing but the Charter . The other speakers then followed in turn , and after announcing that another meeting would take place -on the following Sunday morning at Wednesoff Grven , at nine o'cloob in the morning , the people dispersed . I remember Monday the 8 th of August . JI saw a procession enter the town of Hyde on that day . I should imagine there would be seven or eight hundred . A few of them had sticks . There was a suspension of labour at Hyde for some time . I romembw there was a meeting held in the Market-place , Hyde , on the 11 th . of August , and on the 17 tbJbut 1 can ' t state any particulars .
None of I the other Learned Counsel or any of the defendants asked the witness further
questions . ; Joseph Little cross-examined by Mr . Pollock—I am the Special High Constable for the division of Hyde , in the county of Chester . I remember attending on the 7 ih of August , at Wednesoff Green , in the township of Hollingworth . I have a number of notes whioh I can produce . I made them as soon as I could jwhen the meetings were over . At a meeting o » the 7 th , about 400 persons were present . George Candelet , one of the defendants , was there . William Moorhouse , not a defendant , acted as chairman . Speeches were made ' . Moorhouse said : — " My friends and fellow workmen—I am appointed chairman to' thia meeting , and must inform you that we are not ! met here for a wage question , or for a
religious question , —it is for a national question ; but I will not intrude on your time , as yon will be addressed by my brother Chartists from Sialybridge , Ashton , Hyde , and ether places , who are more able to address you than I , and thty will explain to you that we are met here as Chartists for a national question . I will sit down . " He then called up another man , whom I did not know , and I left tho meeting . These were all the notes I took . In the afternoon I was at another meeting the same day . About 700 or 800 persons were there . Moorhouse was in the chair . Robert Wild , John Leach ^ and George Candelet were there also . Moorhouse woke . At the close of the afternoon ho said . — "YoiHbave betn told of the evils under which
we labour , and I am requested also to tell you that to-morrow a meeting will take place at Stalybridge , at five o ' clock in the morning , when we will proceed from factory to factory , and . all hands that will not willingly come out , we will turn them out ; and friends , when we are out we will remain out , until the Charter , which is the only guarantee you have for your wages , becomes the law of the land . I hope to meet you all to-morrow morning , at Stalybridge , when we will join hand in hand in this great national turnout . " Candelet also spoke , but I dont think I have notes of it . John Leach spoke . I entered what he said the same evening . It is my duty jto make a daily report to tho magistrates . Leach began by pointing tome . He said ,
" There is one of the Government men , one who is like the black coated gentry who attends that place , ( pointing to the church , in Wednesoff Green , ) built for a good purpose , but now filled with thieves and rogues—the cotton fraternity ; but we would all be parsons and ' blue bottles' ( police ) , if we were paid the same as those , by the Government— £ 80 . a-year , a nice sum for a man working one day out of the seven , and j for looking after us poor , honest , industrious labourers ; but let me tell you that the church is an open hell , and filled by the cotton l ords , who are a set of thieves and rogues , and good honest people they will not allow to enter ; but , friends ,
let us be true one to another , and there is property in this plentiful country , sufficient for us all , and if you have not the common necessaries of life , take them , and who can withstand against you ? ' None . The prisons are full , and in the prieona they do not want you . I The police is in no fault . I wish you all to be quiet , you must not damage property or person ; and above : all , keep ont of publio houses , and tomorrow there will be a general turn out , throughout both the counties , Chester and Lancaster , and the Charter will then be obtained . " He then wished them to be true one to another , and they would soon have the Charter . I have no more notes of that
meeting . Leach said a great deal more , but I did not take it down . By Mr . O'Connor—Did you take down what was said by Candelet ? WitueBS-pl did not , Sir . Examination resumed . —I was at a meeting on Monday , the 8 : h of August , in the Market-place , at Hyde . 'John Leach , George Candelet , William Moorhouse ; and a man named Siephenson , whom I don ' t know , were there . No Chairman was appointed . I have no notes of this meeting . The speeches were in the same strain of language , recommending the people to keep out , as they were out , till the Charter became the law of the land . The people dispersed peaceably and quiet , aud went away to their homes . I attended a meeting on the
following morning , the 9 th , ia the Market-place , Hyde , at nine o ' clock in the morning . Moorhouse was chairman , and John Leach and George Candelet were present . They also spoke . I have notes of Leach ' s speech . He informed the meeting that " they intended to go and join the Ashton people ; from Ashton they would go to the Exchange , at Manchester , where they would meet the cotton lords , and { he doubted not that they would have the advance ; and never to go to work until they had either the advance or the Charter . "' I dont remember anything further that was said * . I remember the day on which Messrs- Horsfield ' s mill was stopped . It was on Tuesday , the 9 th . 1 saw a number of people going towards the mill . There
was a large body coming from the direction of Ashton and ! Stalybridge , towards Hyde . They were not walking in any sort of form . On Wednesday , August 10 th , there was a meeting at Hyde , at which Moorhouse , George Candelet , and John Leach were present . 1 j have merely an outline of the notes . The speakers desired the people to ba quiet . Moorhouse said they were to proceed to Compst&H-bridge , Glossop , and all the mills , and make the hands turnout . Leach spoke , but I have cot his speech down . The subetauoe of his speech was recommending the people to keep out , ' but exhorting them to be peaceable and quiet . In the evening of the 11 th there was another meeting at Hyde . Leach and Candelet , and a Mr . Crossley , a draper , were present . I havo notes of
what passed . Leach said he had attended a meeting of the shopkeepers at the Working Man ' s Institution , and they had come to a resolution that they would keep ; the turn-outs for two weeks ; but he requested that they would not be led to put any trust in the * false shopkeepers . He further said he wished the people of Hyde to be true one to another , and on the following Wednesday they would be met by Mr . O'Connor at Manchester , when they would oome to a ! resolution what to do . He cautioned the people to be honest , not to take anything that was not their own , and not to damage p erson or { property . Candelet followed nearly in the same strain . Hyde was in a very , riotous state the same day , and all the week . Labour was
completely stopped . A very large number of persons came into Hyde . They were walking in a sort of broken procession , with clubs and sticks in their hands . ; They went towards Stockport ; . There were two departures , one in the moruing , and the other in the' evening ; that in the morning was the largest . I was at a meeting on Friday , the 12 ch of August , in the Market p ace , Hyde . Several hundred persons were there . Leach and Candelet were there . ] There was another man named Swindells , who i got up and called silence . Another , called "WardV&w , then said they were not to come there , day by day , talking and speaking , but to come to thejdeterminatfon how to get bread , and be for one would go to the masters , as he knew they could not get ihe Charter at present . He demanded a show of hands in favour of going to work , but he was hissed down . Leach next addressed the meetin
g . He tojd them that a man named JRayner , who had addressed them the night before , " bad been deputed by | the shopkeepers of Ashton to come and try to get them to go to their work , but he wished them to bej quiet and true to one another , and to submit to nothing but the People ' s Charter . He then made several remarks on a meeting which had taken pjacejat Stockport the day before . He said that he headed the people up when they went to the bastile for bread , and blood would have been shed L j u not P ' Tented »*• Tho Mayor of Stockport nod shown him a drawer whioh had been broken open and £ 1 { stolen , but he ( the speaker ) wished them not to do any thing of the sort . He said this in a laughing sort of a way . Ha added , that the Mayor of j Stockport and hundreds ef others had told him " that there was plenty in the store rooms land mills , and if they would not give to the people , let them take it . " The Judge—You mean that the mayor of Stockport said this ! Witness-fLeaon told me , my Lord , that the mayor of Stookport ? said bo .
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Examination resumed—Leach said that he did not wish the people to do as the mayor recommended , but to do as was done in the time of king John , when Magna Churta waa obtained in one day . Tae people went in a body to the King , and it was granted . He advised them to be true one to another and the Charter would soon become the law of the land . Samuel Sidebottom , an auctioneer in Hyde , proposed to go to their masters and ask for the wages of 1840 . He was hooted down and put out of the cart . A man named Booth next spoke , and he went on in a similar strain . I did not take it down . Tnere were a number of navigators " in the meeting . Bootn said the " navies" were is freat distress , and wanted support , but they might o as they pleased , as the Mayor of Stockport said go to the stores and help themselves . Leach said he did not advise so , but when a great man like the
Mayor advised them so , they might please them selves . Some of the excavators swore they would act on this recommendation , and go to the first shop and help themselves . A provision shop was near at hand , and a rush was made towards it , but one of the navigators stopped them . Candelet then began to address the meeting , and I was obliged to leave to attend the magistrates . I remember being at the Sheffield and Manchester railway on the same day . There waa a large number of them assembled , who conducted themselves very riotously . A detachment of the rifle company of brigade arrived , and I left them with the magistrates . On the 14 th of August , ! was at a meeting at Mottram Moor , about half-past two in the
afternoon . Wild , Carteledge , and another man , whose name I understood to be Glossop , were there . Wild was the chairman . He opened the meeting by recommending the people to be true one to another and the Charter would soon become the law of the land . He said that another meeting would take place on the following morning , when delegates should be appointed to go to Manchester immediately ; and on the following Tuesday morning , at four o ' clock , again in the same place , and in procession they would go to Manchester . Oa the morning of the 15 th , they again met in the marketplace , Hyde . Moorhousa was the chairman , and John Leach appeared . The latter spoke . I have notesof what he said . He alluded to the large sums of
money whicn it took to support the Q'leen . He asked where that came from but the pockets of the poor ! He finished by recommending the people to keep out until the Charter became the law . Oa the evening of the same day , at eight o ' clock , another meeting waa held . Moorhouse spoke , but he simply announced a meeting for the evening of the following day . I went to it . Booth and Moorhoase were there . The former spoke at great length . He held a large sized placard in his hand , which I heard him read . He began by saying what an expense the Queen was to poor people , what quantities of wia 9 she drank—( laughter)—what large quantities of spirits she drank , the number of fat oxea she consumed , the large number of sheep and la mbs she eat the annuall
and that she cost poor people y £ 160 , 000 . At this time there was a report that tue Hagis ^ trates were coming to take them , and M ooihouse leaped from the waggon , and said a meeting would tafete place on the following morning , at six o ' clock . At eight o ' clock a meeting was held in the Market-place , Hyde . Moorhouse acted as ohairaao . and Candelet , Leach , and Booth , and a man named Barlow , a factory operative , were present . An excavator got upon the waggoD , and Bud he wished them to turn out , and then the " navies" would be oat in five minutes . A man , who said he was a delegate trom Manchester , next spoke . " He said he was sent from Manchester to inform the people of Hyde that he was in attendance at the hall as a delegate ; that the delegates assembled were 341 for the Charter , and eighteen against it ; for the wages of 1840 , or
a scale of wages ; that the middle classes aai all other classes of people in Manchester were for the Charter . Candelet spoke . A proclamation from the Queen had been posted on the walls before that time . ( A copy was produced , and put in . It tns dated August 13 , 1842 , and offered a reward of £ 50 for the apprehension and conviction of the rioters . ) Candelet said he did not care a straw for the proclamation , as their meetings were legal , and held in . tie day time , to conduct the interests of the poor ; that special constables and soldiers would be no use ; that bayonets in eight days time , will be of no use ; delegates were going about in the agricultural districts , warning and turning the labourers oat , —all except the millers and reapers of grain ; bat in fact they ; were all nearly out ; then where would the military and special constables be ! Bat as I am to be in Manchester at ten o ' clock
this morning , I must conclude by telling you that when in the Hall last night , at six o ' clock , Mr . Beswick , superintendent of police , entered ; and told the p eople that he was sent by the Magistrates , to inform the people there assembled that they were not allowed to hold their meetings any longer while the town was in that disturbed state . Three magistrates entered , and gave the people ten minutes time to disperse , but iu five minutes ( said Leach and Candelet ) they were all gone . The battle was part won , and let us be true to one another , and never submit to go to work until we get all points of the Charter . John Leach next spoke , lie said he was appointed one of tho delegates to . the great NationaConferenceand at ten o'clock he had to
l , meet M . 'Douall , for he had sent him word that he longed to see him . I will collar him and bring him here with me this evening , and in eight day's time there will be a fixed wage by Act of PailWr ment , and the Charter will become the law of the land . He made some observations about the shopkeepers , saying that they were a hypocritical set , and so on . I attended another meeting at half-past seven in the evening of the 18 ih , in the Marketplace , Hyde . Leach was present . He commenced railing against the shopkeepers and the middle classes . Moorhouse , who was in the chair , said that there was a delega te from Glossop , and Leaon began to tell the meeting how much money had been of
expended by the Spinners' Union , not one penny which had been spent for the Charter . Hewenton to say—does not my friend from Glossop tall you that there are many able-bodied men from Glossop-Dale , well armed with their bludgeons , and who are not frightened to use them . Where will the specials and the red-coated gentry be then ? They will fie glad to give in , and we will have them . m large numbers to-morrow , to meet and go to Ashton . ne called upon the people to be united , and so long as he lived , he would agitate , for the aristocracy m the country was bad , and , without alteration , would soon be worse . During the time I have bm speaking ofthe milla at Hyde were out of work .
, By Mr . Atherton—1 am not aware that there was any distress at that time in Hyde and the neighDonrhood . I do not know that the wages were lovrat that time . I know nothing abont the matter eitner one way or another . . , By Mr . Pollock—I remember seeing a placard posted at Hyde , from the Executive Committee or the Chartists to the People . I think it would oa from the 14 th to the 19 th of August . A great many people read them . I can't say how many were posted—perhaps two or three . . uiau
By Mr . Dundas—I will not swear that more one of them was posted . I have read the opem fS and concluding passages of the one now produced , and to the best of my belief it ia a copy . 1 will not swear that it is the same ; it might be wrong a wora or two , or ten lines , or more . It is similar to w » one 1 saw posted , and I believe it is the same . By Mr . Atherton—I laid the notesof the parhcular transactions on which I have been -speaKing before the magistrates every day , and gave sucn explanations as might be required . By Mr . O'Connor—I prefer swearing to the notes in the book . They are original , and not a transcript . I would not swear from memory , without the dook to refresh me . John Leach and Candelet were hot brought before the magistrates : they absoon dea . Moorhouse was brought up . I appeared agams * him . I believe it was on Friday , the 26 th of AugHSt .
Tho entries in my book bringdown the transactions to the 20 th of August . I did not produce the boos , when I appeared before the mag istrates . I coma explain the reason why I did not show the boos . Jud / ye—Explain it . .. Witness—i found it necessary to convey M » prisoners immediately away from Hyde to *^^ port , in consequence of the inefficiency of the wwo * tive force , and the Magistrates committed them fw » there . I gave evidence from memory . I was ! examined before the committal of the parties , u ™
my duty to collect every information for the Magistrates , within my division , but I did nothear any particular expressions of distress existing . I j *™ aware that the shopkeepers had meetiugs , and ag" ®* to support tho operatives . The town of a ^ ai was in a state of « reat tamult for more than a « hut after Leach left , we had no further disturbances . I have not made any entry in the book as tothfr «* J on whioh I saw the placard from the Executive Committee . Tae reason was , that when I P { f £ " r placard from the wall . I delivered it to the Magis
trates , and plaoed my name behind it . I thougnt n would have been here , and then I could have swon » to the hand-writing , but it is not here . I twas oa the 17 th of August on which Lsaoh said he w » going as a delegate to Manchester . I flave s »^ that it was on the 18 oh when he returned . At m » latter meeting , I don't recollect that he sai d&oy thing about the Charter . I might have m * ae _ a little interlineation in the book about the Chsxm when brought before tne magistrates , but not won before the Judge . The interlineation pouitedoa * was made on the Monday morning , when 1 wen before the magistrates . I have not been examine since the Special Commission , at Chester . ; -i » book has not been out of my p ossession sw ° ? . except that I gave it to a constable , wrappea . ^ paper , to bring from the inn , at Lancaster , W ww Castle . I gave the same evidence at Chester . aa > am ffivin » nnw . I ramomber nerfeouV that - ) j&P
spoke in a laughing manner , when he was refeWiJjs to what had been said by the Mayor of Stockpo ^ I should think that the counsel for the P rose 6 Er"j must have asked me respecting Leach ' s , manner , m . having read my depositions . I admit i ^ j ay . . * « made slight alterations in the book . The inter ( Conti our third page J . ¦— *
The Teial.
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2 THE NORTHERN STAE . ; .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1843, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1203/page/2/
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