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EMIGRATION.
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UanUrujiig, Srr,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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] emigration ! ~ WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . 5 OTES OP A TOtB THROrGH A W ) BTIOS OF CAS A © A , j > "D SKTKB . 1 L OP THE STATES OF SOUTH XXZR 1 CA , PARTICCLABLT THE STATES OF 3 IJL 53 ACE CSETTS , XH 0 DB ISLA 5 D , SEW TOHK , P £ S . - « STLTA 3 > 1 A , OHIO , MICHIGAN , ILI / I 5 O 1 S . ¦ W 1 SCO 5 S 15 . AVD SEW JERiKT , CSDERlAB . ES WITH A VIEW OF ASCERTAINING THE DE-5 IUABILITT , OS 0 THEBW 1 SE OF EMIGRATION ; A TO JCDGE OF THE BEST LOCATION , FOB £ > JLISH EMJGIIA-NTS , FHOM ACTCAL OBSEBTaTIOS . BT LAWRENCE PITKETHLY , cf Hnddersfield .
X Continued from our last week s paper . ) jOrttNAi—DESCRIPTION OF CHICAGO , RACIXE , SEW HTJDDERSFIELD , ROCHESTER , TKOY , MLLWALKEY , AND WALWOKTH cor >* TY . XHrasDAT , Sept . 1—Mr . John Henry Hodgson , tfcit * ood and kind man , who trill ever be ia my re jcembraEse , se-t his son with his bnagy , this morning , to eccey me to tiie land office , where i learned that ^ ach land in the Slate of Illinois was still unspprojoa » J ,- coct questiy open tar sale at the covernnient joce , one and quarter dollars per acre . L-usd c-uld be
otU'ned in various districts . Every day it was ex- ; pec ^ d that a rarvey of seventeen townships , which had i jot y * t bt « n taken would be commenced . The-officials ireK tieeedm ^ ly polite , and gaTe me the fullest ex-T&juaiiji' . Srcticaa sixteen in every township is approp riated to the snppoit of b public school i L * st night the rain descended in torrects ; to-day the ^ ns , accompanied with tremendous pvals of thunder . The p *> r " hosiers" flew in all directions to obtain shelfca ; bn : when all that could find shelter were under t 03-tei , sdll the streets were crowded with these people jbaicittle and their waggons , as wet as tbongh they had bean dnursed thiouth the late .
I w * s intrxineed to Mr . Ephraim Treadwcll , tamer jad&rmer , cf SPEaKEBs Basin , Montgomery county , KeW ; Turk State ; who , having trs veiled over Wisconsin , tod a tood portion of Illinois , was a aost valuable in-JotiEiat , particularly as he had been on the loci ont forscew srttlcnient in the Far Wtst , where he , and a frfcd who accompanied him , had sten so much fine Jji . d that they were at a loss where to fix upon . We wr-ed to hire a horse and bcasy and travel JhroUih a con ^ idcrible extent of country . Judge cf jny diii rP *" - * 11 *^ - ^^ that the only vthide there ^ ra * set chance of hiring had bean broken some half hoar before our application .
Ei-a 5 iarj » n , s person who seeps a Dry- G lods' Store htK , hsTiu travr ' . li ? d into thr East , obtained from a lesJEr , a qia ^ tity of " paper , " or " promises to pay , " to tie sia--ci . - . o £ S-iO . 000 dollars , which he eaj ? i ? £ d to pa : ia circulation . The feink from hich he received the " pa m ^ "' is at GALiyoLi ; it has aisj s branch at ClNCrSAii- Insttad of circulating the notes , as srrsngai , fee took a speedy W 3 y of quirting tfctai , by bsiv = iii 3 S eff to Ci > "CLSati , and there calling at the branch b-nk , dema ^ acd ** specie" for the " promises . " He returned , here , and bonght " piper '' issneS by the suns b ^ ri 2 . 1 little more than half itsTiomicai value . VTith tlis , he a * ain went to CijcisaTL The cf
G ^ vcTiKir th-. Bink at Galipoli having bad intelligence o ? the Lirteasiosnt whicb hsd been " exchanged " atCinciiisii , " sneiled a rat ; " and when Mr . SfczrmajB ^ d he had failed in the attempt to get the " paper " into circnlition , asd wished to retarn it , the Governor fo " -d him hr had better keep it & little longer and moke aaothertriaL A ccrreepondenee between the Governor , ibeCintluati B ^ nk , and Ezra , let out tht nstnre of the ¦ whole tran&acuoc ; and Ezra was arre&ted . He , howerer , t » ok the benefit of the Debtor's Act , and got clear . Is the meantim * the Governor of the Bank was arrested an a charge cf f rand , tried , and committed to the Site ' s prison for the tcra cf eight years . A complete case of
" I > uinond cnt dlaiDcnd- " Tiie bank itself was swept away in the " panic ruin ;" but another ruse fr&a ita ashti—a Scotch establishment bading as " Tom Sruith and Co . " at Montreal and Detroit ; and as Gw > . Smith and Ce . " £ . t Chicago . Ih = irnot&s purport to be , the notes of the " Wisconsin ILsrire asd Fire issEiunca Company" inots bank ); and by tils evasion of a positive law prohibiting any b 3 nk in the Srste of Illinois , they circulate an immense tjumvity of paper . all from
I wa 3 told th ^ re are three companies , Aberdeen , in -Scotland , who hare estaM := hments ia various States , and ia pirt'cnlar cities ; araaug otliers , at If e » Turk , St . L = wi 3 , ( r .-ariy 2 , 060 miles distant ' , Buffalo . Cxeinati : and L- > uiiTiiIe . Ttete parties have nv . nazcd t ) contrcl lie xaoiictiry affairs of ihe States of Ohio , Indiana , Michigan , * n « i the territories of Wisconsin , lawa , and Missouri ; and they also do extensive business ic otLtr S ^ 'ts . sxd in C-narie . Their " ins ^ raBce " notes are dat-si Mil ^ ralkey , which is situated in Wisconsin . an § ciredste where thty &sst not issue a " pronii&s" for a stable ooV .-j . A vast amocEt of property is benn-i fis ~ . ty mems of Each EC-tts . The Zu ' - ririe Asscrzr . ee G mpaEy will no ; " a-iTiEce" at Jr-ss iittrest tbsn the rate cf two per fcs :, r-er mcttfc , sldch is twenty- f ^ or per cent , per
SI- 'CO ) . Darir ? the lata " pr-viptriij- " and plentifnlcfss of ECjr-f , ciaijv p . irties locat ^ -t ihrKSeir-s t-n , LaND , bsTin ^ tLe neacs ocy : o psj a j ur : ; aa of the pr . o » , a : d trti : ti ~ g to tfctir tx = rti - > ns and the iniproTen :-. n > ttry rcilQ tffrct for the ns ^ -ins to pay the rest la eexcrse of tirae , th ? Govrr ^ His ^ t , in their regular ciarse , surveyed the land ; and the parties on it , noi haTici it in their power to discharge the purchase money , it was pnt np for sale , wii all the " improvements " labour had tff = ctei Unless the func 3 could b « found , feat labour wonld be lost , and tha expenders of it , and of capitai too , wonld have to remove . The only parties who could ' advance" the funds , were the Aberdeen CiHEpany , with their " insurance" notes ; therefore , "S ^ : th ' izu C 3 . " were applied to . They agreed to
" advance ca certaia conditions : those condition hdng that they Ebonld keep twenty-five dollars cut of every ore hundred ncminally " advanced ; " Le- every ievcsty-Sve dollars " advanced" shonld be accounted ce * tnnered . Pretty good " remuneration'' this , when ** nfczi lbs . " , the " a-lvanee" wis in " paper , " not » ath , intrii ^ ically , itsopaux haJJpenny 1 Bat we lave cot yet eeen the whole of this thing . Before one sngle dollar was given up , the " managers" went to the land O £ ke of the dis t rict , ar . d had the land entered in &nr name . ' So that they ar = the actual possessors of the so 2 . ' and unless the nominal owners , those to whom tie " advances" have been made , End means-to JBdaem themselves , at fn . V price one hundred dollars fcr every seventy-five , the land will be sold , with all its additional "improvements , " and the poor aided t ? i 0 * n = rs berrared and ruined ! Such occarrencea are
feqnrBt la additian t' * th ? rest of their extortion and impoctJon , jit •¦ Bins Insurers" charge irde . esi upon the Bvcey advanced , at the full rate . Banking is a glsrious tri-ic ! It can ba followed »^ tr ? nt a f action cf real funds . Most peopie have kar . i (¦ : tie ' WUd Cat , " and other banks of Michigan , fca Vtlch . «^ bat they called " monty , " was ismed , in id&rnte qiaciites , promiscDOUi-ly , no one imagining it to be ctCt = Esary tfeere should be real money to meet fe " promises . " This went on for a time , in all the fe } " «* 3 cf ' prosperiy . '' Bat , lo ! some meddling wigbt tTpeirf •¦ Fusp ieiDn . " This whiip = r increased to a EBrricsEe , ETiti ! it blew down the whole fabric ! About 5 * 0 of tht ^ e " swindling shops" were dashed to atoms * t one f j swoop ! C i tfct min thus prodnced the Absrdern Scotchmen erected iheir " In ? nrance" stan-^* rd , wtkh : s tuicative of further drttnrction .
Tfcrj sapply ^ 'Sitltiocs funds" to those previously Sippbtd i-y " the " Wild Cat , " ss also to other persons lbs fate of tht- victims of this pernicious system , whta « e bt * -& of suspicion again blows npon it . is certain AB the sp-de in and out ^» f the Banks of Scotland will « bnt * 3 3 crop in the well to the amount " Messrs . 1 *^ aad Co . ' - irill be called upon to meet ; and after laving hunareds of tnoasands desolate , the swindlers ** Q be dertrcyed in the eame Tortex which BWallowtd ^ t har pr ^ ecesrorE . Jiis ' Firs an 4 Marine Assnracce Campsny * ' have l ^ sted , or iirliosraphed , across the face of tfeeir Br-tca ¦^ thing ij * to bills of exchange accepted in
Eng"Acceptea payable in current Bank Bills , at two-¦« * half per cent " Signed , " Geo . Smith , PresideBL " ^ e tradesmen of Chicago have recently held a Jj * & > g at which they agreed to pay three per eent to ~* J » nkers for biking their own notes and exchanging •™ n fcr Eastern country notes ! Partita are incessantly on the watch , like oxer jobbers |? a » Stock ExchaEge- At the time of the " Wild « i" EEash , eariy intellitrence enabled } hem to rid Bcte « to the amount of 20 , 000 d » llar « . This afternoon I took leave of all ray kind friends ; R after charging some of tbun with my commissions , i iastened t-a board the Chesapeake steamer , bound for rp * Ai o , my destination being RaCISE in WiSCOS-* VJ- Oa learing the pier-head . I went to pay my fare , JkaJMr . ^ -zisej , the clerk , with whom I had dined » t * J Spencer ' s while at Bcffalo , handed roe a free Oc *^ i find also gave other proofs of the utmost kindf ** - He had carried my trunk , as before stated , from fF ^ -U-O to Chicags , a . distance of 1 , 050 miles , and ~™* fsd to accept payment ; he now caused it to be r ? " 80 forward to Milwalkbt , where it w * s left ^^» frlt nd , —again setaeing remonerfttion . Such " ^ sm was more than I had any right to expect « ttDAY , Ss * . 2 nd , —At three this morning , I landed ¦* Jucute , from which place Mr . KelBey had informed *» coach itaried i , very momieg for the W « fc How-^^ « J esqoiry I was told tba * it had been diecan ~^ o a ihort &ae previously . ThU discouraged me ]~ 7 **** & > as my leg wm ao bad &s to incapacitate me Xrv ^ ing more than a mile or two with safety . At rj ^ weai I tcqnired if a Tehide could be hired ; and r ^ a person sUsthing horses to a spring waggon , r * oea *~ 3 y laden , ge en ? R 2 e 4 to take me on moderate ^ ° - Thos ^ I left entirely * t bis own discretion , nd Tf *» B soon en our srry at % tolerable speed . The jj ^ as was very fins , and mystlf aucb elated at my j ^^ Eis ths p : ^^ fjs-ni ichErc ; John Cole , an E- > t-» - ~ : ^^ »^ -Scd eoTac ' :-. v . &rswiich-airri-pt ' -Iiir--. i •!> 53 , ***? Hispoich . ird wLish c . ci--I a « . T . rlo-tab : "" ¦^ ir id sEigraiig to " ou ; " snl scitie in "
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We ™» « M 6 a me to feel addiUonal interest Ktpecfang the place . It ia a very maU Tillage with % f » f ^ ' l ° d " vaaj ^^ " *** populaUon is about 400 . My transient visit , and it being nearly all in tne dwk , aflForded me but little opportnnUy for observation ; and the information derived from others ia oft ? n very incorrect t P ® t S " erected npon & bay on the store of L-iXe Michigan , and at the mouth of Root River , from whence much wheat is shipped for tbs Eist . TheTOi 4 sare be ' . ter than mest ov ^ -r vhich I have
travelled ; and the country is open , with the exception of a vt-ry small portion . Oa leaving RaCoe we soon got into a most delightful roiling prairie , pretty well studied with seUlemeats . The crops seemed good . The pasture rich and beautiful , and variegated with rich flowers . After advancing a few mile 3 , I fuund tho verge charmingly Btudded with trees upon a surfac * between mountains and flit- I could scarcely reconcile myself to the fact , that this truly grand s : ena was presented to the human eye without human contrivance aad human industry .
The journey was equally pleasing throughout during my morning ' s ride . No bills nor plains ; but a gtntly rolling surface on every hand . 1 had pointed out to me some sand-hill Cranes They seemed to feed on the Verdure of the fields Tb « y are a very large bird , with a long ntdc When they stand upright , and have the neck stretched , they = re » t least five feet in height They are of a dark colour , and in stape resemble the her ^ a . Thty &to very plentiful and gather ia flocks , and are Very savoury to the ta ^ te .
We breakfasted at St . Ives , a dist&nco of nice miles from Racine . We stopped at a snail inn . Afttr breakfast , I was sorry to fi ^ d nsy driver refuse to proceed , as be expected rain , which wonld ir . jure his load ; and he also stated that if the weather did not clear up , he Bhould 8 t ^ all night . I had no alternative but to take cp my light bag ^ a ^ e , and commence my march . At tbis pi ^ ce I eonW ibtain ao information respecting JOHS COLE , the author of the letters ibovo rtferred to , although 1 knew Ir . s abode must be near ; Racine bei : g a county , and this place in it .
I called at a settlement Trhere I obtained some little information ; but a waggon approaching , 1 availed myself of the conveyance , and mounted the top . From the driver I could net elicit the least iufurtnaUon . He seemed snnoyed by my enquiries ; and complained of having too heavy a lead . The wegcon hi < i o ^ ly procetdc 4 a short cistancc . -when it halted , aad I was soon . asked to t = ke dinner , although I had scarcely swallowed my breakfast . After the hors&s had been taken from the w . ggon , I e 3 t red into conversation vnth the
landlord of the puWic-h-juse , a farmer , as thty generally are here- He infea-med me that the Jons Cole I icq ' -iired for was an imaginary bei : g ; and that the letters slid to be from him were written by a iandaseiit , L : order toinrlcc ? tmicrantst . i Settle there , and thus enhi ^ ce the value of the -and Le poaseised . 1 had been informed previously tiu . t a certaia iami-a ^ ent h . d vrri-ten the letters in question ; one 1 y , and tfca other vtl-licut , the consent of Mr . Cole . 1 knew tliit John Cole kad , in reality , settled in that district , aad that " mine feost" was at ' . emptins to mislead me .
Wh-le conversing with the innkeeper , I was surprised to hear my name called out in a stentorian voice , particularly as I was now some 1700 miles from Boston , whrrc 1 first landed . 1 looked towards the spot from whence the voice proceeded , shin I descrk-d Joe Cixikrufi and William Whitelty , lately of Huddergn % ? ld , ar : d my ncighbonra . They hastened towards me , and af : er a htarty salutation and Esntoil expression of astoEichment . they informed me thai they were on their way to Ricine , where Mr . " Whitele > 's family had just arrived . Mr . Cockr ^ ft has b « en here for some time , and has , in conntctiori with his brother , purchased some land and built a house upon it He was accompanying Wbiteley , who is his brother-in-law , to Ricinr ; and be desired me to go to his house and await his return . I again walked on and made enquiry after several persons whom I knew had come into the district ,
cud taken up their abode , and I was pleased to hear of their well-doing . Among other matters , I found that John Cole had been compelled to leave the district through bedi ' y feai of those emi ^ ranta , who , from the KliwiEg accounts given of the country in his name , had bs-n inducs-d ta corns ; &nd then , on fiLi ) in «{ thems *!? es disapvo . ated , had threatened to take away his life . Many wrre induced to emigrate in coEStqUcnce of the publication of the ltUers in qnesticn , fully txpcc * iimtt » t a paradise was prepare for them . Thty
arptir tohav « fooiiBtuy imagined they were to enter upca as ' ate cf perfect Miss -w th-cut a \ y tffjrt of their own- Fin ^ ir ? that their dreams wers not real z . d , and that industry &n . 1 proprr arrongenitnt wtre alsoluttly neevssiry to produce the means of comfort and isdependcice . tL-ty becnnietnTVulcnt and thriatcning . From the inform ition 1 obtained , it Ktmtd cerU- ' a lLat Mr . Coles ii * e vas in grea * . jer . pardy . T . e j vtu- ' of tLe " West" given ic Cole ' s name 11 x 1 $ c > 'iai . / i > ' . vc h ' . . «> ' coon fd . 1 w-s toiti tbji the fa : ^» crs h . re -vronlu rot cultivate tho laiiu in the State of X .-w y j-k , ev > a i : : h ' y had it aiTrr . They i : £ ve csctlltnt crcr-j . B- ' . the land on the K tk nv , r is rl-ci-ie- iy the hc-. t 1 : ha ^ , bt-en
k' -osn to yie'd j : , s ' y v u b-ls cf ?! 'St . ..: ; d tsveiit ; - Hn-h . Isi-f cals . &u t . t &rra The ryfaue , tvM'WLT , is ij 1 ! ., ^! t '" -: r * y to f- ^ rty lm = Y - > . S ^ e-i ^ lt u-C 1 U _ cr tmcips g : u ^ to iJi etsf . iuicni szi While I w-. s pr-oifcu ' . ' r ? rr ; y : r ^ ::-ifs , ' ^ r tr-irc- 'n wh " cL 1 L . iC left i , t fr- - - l- _ i ! a ain . . u . o rr > c-., i 1 ; . ¦> I procr- " .-d tothe pDict n' -arrst t > X - ¦ " Iii-. < i' : er « 5-lJ . sr , as it :-s of . ja cjlled , the Ki upk ^ i ield Colony . Lr 2 ? : r ! 5 the ^ j ^ gon , 1 ? gain « i ! k-. d oa . Before I resebed tL- fist -wooden Etanty or hut , I vr ;« thcrcrsjhly drercb ? - - . in rain . I found this hut iufcsbi' -cd by z family Isteiy from Eiin ^ urvh , whose d-ucht-. r , a fine yonnsj woman , wss in tte act of ey . ptyicg tbv crop of a " prairie ben , " which was stcfi-d with iucJt-wheat A perscn n ^ Kcd Morton , who bed latejj- left tLe en ploy of ray next door neighbour , at HudJer&field , and a yoang man from the seme neighbourhood , were also in the house , and had with them a large quantity of pisecna which they hai been shooting . I was mest
h-artijy wclcjmed by tb-ia , and acccmpacied to aoother house , where I mtl Circes and Joseph Cockroft ' s fami ' y , Abraham Kty , and his son John ; two persnns of th . name of Tinker , with Scott , Woodhead , and Berry , from Beny Brow ; c > o Mitccell and son , and George Crowther , from Lock wood ; there were also persons named Watts , Armytage . Ejrnshaw , Scholcfleld , Bo :-tomley , and Hobson ; with Starkey and Noble , from Riistrick . All tbtse parties were from Uie immediate neighbourhood of HudderaSeld in Yorkshire ; and niiny of them personal friends of my own , before they Itfc their " fatherland . " They were both Earprised and delighted to tte me ; and the requests that I would prolong my stay , and remain with them- some time , were very urgent and pressing . My arrangements , however , were made ; and to go " a-head" was my motto . I did so far break through them , as to remain in the Co-ory all nitjht , instead cf going on to Rochester , as I bad intended .
I was m ^ st tlad see my late neighbours located en so Sue a s-iil , and in so : h an bealtby situation . Thry were all in < rx : cilent spirits ; and although not enjoying laany comfi > r : 3 J yet , l-. ke true philosaphtra , they se&iued to be happy under the most rational hopss . SaTCKDaT , 3 rd . —I was up at day-break , and Charles Cackroft saddled me vUb cf the horses and accompanied me to Rochester . It had been arranged that if 1 conl 1 obtain conveyance at Rochester , Coekroft was to take back the horse : if not 1 was to take ii on to Jokn Fiiic ^ oft ' s ar . d C . Tinker's , about twelve miles farther . No conveyance could be tad on hire at Rochester , and 1 therefore took Charles ' s horse forward . While at Rochester , which is little more than two miles from the colony , I visited another of my old neighbours , Mr . G = orge Crowther , late of Lock wood . At this village , which consists of very few houses , I crossed the Fox river and taking leave of Cocfcroft and other friends ,
wtnt on toward * TROT , a township in Walwobth , * :-flje county . I had proceeded about ten miies when I met C . Tinker , late of HuddertSeld , and another person , in a waggon . Of course , mutual surprise was expressed ; and at my rrquest Tinker returned with me , leaving his companion to proceed to the mill fe > where they were going for Soar . On reaching the bouse of Mr , Jimea Mather , we met John Flitcroft , late of Hnidersfield , when breakfast was soon prepared for ns . It was rather a novel one , there being no bread in the house , the flonr being finished . However , my fourteen mi ' es ride made it very palatable . Ticker , Fiitcroft , and myself were soon oa onr way to East T » oy , the TiJr ^ e " of the township , where I expected to find a stage cosch for the west , or obtain a buggy to convey me to Fort Atkinson , where I intended to visit Mr . Brown , a firmer of that place . There was no coach ; but the landloid of the Inn told sne he expected the retarn of bis horse and Buggy every minute , and I should have it I waited impatiently for two or three hours , but the horse and vehicle did not mske their appearance ; af Usr dinner , however , they arrived ; but , the former being done np , I could not have it , yet I might cave the latter . I immediately went rcoDd the village for the purpose of fairing a horse ; but could not oatain one at any price . Some persona from the neighbourhood were at the inn with gigs ; to them I made application , and others were eo kind as to interest themselves on behalf of the travelier ; they were very polite , bnt every one seemed to have a good reason why 1 could not have hi * horse . Finding our labour in vain , my friends and myself moved off to West Teot , a distance of two miles , but met with no better success there . Night approaching , and being muck disappointed , I should have ventured to take CbArle * Cockroft ' s boree onward to the Bock River , had his son fetched it back during the day . My lameness forbade , or I ahoald have speedily and cheerfully used my liintoa . I may here observe , that before I reached my HuddErsfjeld friends , I met with a Mr . EmmeMon , at a pnWic-bonse . He appeared to be the landlord . I was informed be had been imposing upon a Mr . Tucker , f rora London , who , it is understood , bad been appointed by a company to select land . I endeavoured to see Mr . Tucker , but be was from home . I also met a mason from Warrington , In Lancashire , who Lad just purckased » farm . He told me " I should cev-. r kav < r the custry ; " meaning I should not desire t" rrtum t < E-c'anrt . 1 b 1 s < ' n > et with Mrs . Thompson , th-s Mr " * tt -Eel-.-nse , ard lsst Mr . Wilkinson , wbo L ^ d b tTi 2 dnlry-ir as at , an ' , hid lately arrived frcn ) , E iiibarih .
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Svkday Sep . 4 tb . —Being compelled to remain all night at East TaoT , I thU morning walked to Mr . James Mather ' s , to dinner , a distance of three miles . I found Tinker busily engaged grinding a hatchet for the purpose of cutting down timber , which he intended to commence to do to-morrow , and wherewith to fcuild his wooden cot . On my way from the village to Mr . Mather's , I missed my path , and had some difficulty to find the place . Tue walk was truly beautiful and romautic ; the ground rolling and richly interspersed with timber ; the cattle trazlag remote from the dwellings . I crossed a beautiful prairie , as smooth as the surface of the lake in a calm , the banks rising gently as from a sheet of water , the trees being in such positions as to make it appear like the domain of a nobleman , in the recesses of a forest . It is truly a rich district , particularly on tho borders of the creeks .
Auer dinner , Fliicroft , Tinker , and myself , walked to Mr . John Mather ' s , about a mile distant , where we Lad the pleasure of meeting the mother of the two brothers , a very homely , hospitable lady , « f the genuine Lancashire breea , possess ed of much native vivacity , and apparently enjoying perftct happiness with her family , without a wish to return to England . AfWr a short Btay we proceeded to Tkoy , where I made arrangements to depart for Milwalkey ntxt morniog . This evening I met with a very intelligent seatleitian from yiKERAL-PoiST , Iowa county , a mining district , bordering on Illinois , on the West of Wisconsin . He gave me much general information . Among otter matters , he told me there were large tacts of the richest land in the county in which he resiucs ; also in the county of Jefferson , and not a little which is washed by the Mississippi . He expressed his warm admiration of a district extending forty miles north-east of Galena and Portly , in Rock Rive Valley ,
abounding with springs of excellent water . He said that a great poition of tbd land was yet unappropriated , and that the wood was deficient in quantity . He admitted that some of the land bordering on the Rock River was superior to the bo « t to the westward in the districts he bad named , a further proof of interested statement At Trot a Rev . Gentleman staid at the same Ins , and tlept in the same room with ma He this evening , after his ofiicial duties , was very communicative , and his information was quite original . He spoke highly of the situation north of Milwa'key county , on the banks of Like Michigan , and nioro especially in Djdge county . There , he said , the land , in sjmfc in-tances , could be bought of speculators at less than the government price , ino great recommendation in n , y opinion . ) He considered it advantageous on uccLUtt of water communication . No minerals had b : rn found ; the springs of water wtie of the best description , and very plentiful .
Here * , gain I was told that Joux Cole had te remove from Racine , in conicquence of the threats of persors who had gone there through tho publication of the letters attributed to him , wkich , as before stated , appeared in the Uispaieb . Mr . Jauies Mather informed me that the land in Walworth county is acin ^ wledged to be as good as any in the ttrruory . He also said that a Doctor Loma had 600 sere * of £ ood land , nine miles to the east of his Olr . Ms , farm , and is wishful to depose of it . The Doctor resides at Miiwalky . The toil in Racine couuty ia generally Mack , which is not the richest , cor well adapted for tiie growth of wheat
The Rook Prairie is spleudid , but without wood . Ja :: eville is situated upon it , to tho west of this place ; Eagle and Round Prairie being betwixt the two . They h ^ Vd all an exceeding rich soil . The inmediate grounds , which are located , arc Ue ^ iguated " the oak openings . " A kind of spiing-v ^ u passes through East and West Troy , from Milwalkey , Hwice a week , to Jsneville , Galena and other towns . It passes westward on the Monday . My engagements preventing me from remaining longer , I thsrefore arranged with a Mr . Porter , of this place , to convey i » e , in & somewhat similar vehicle , to Milwalkey , from whtnee I had fixed to sail by the steamer which would pass that place , on its way from Chicago to Buffalo , on the Tuesday morning . The mail , of course , would have been too late .
Monday , b ' . h . —I breakfasted very early with some fri ? D >? 8 who hid staid with me over-night , and after an affectionate faiewell , drove off for Milwalkey . As we juuruied ulong , Sir- Porter informed me that lie > possessed some property in tbis territory , on the borders of tho State of Illinois , on which there was excellent , ¦ vr . ter power , which property he was willing to dispose of . But the fact is , parlies ho re are willing to st ? ll all they posstHS , if they can but make money by it . This man was a real specimen of the Yankee farmer , plain , indutttiGug , and quite democratic , or rather republican in principle Not stiffened with reiigiun , !< nd constantly watchiug for advantage ; having no pretensions to superiority , but as independent : w any bti&g anon earth , and possessing more dignity than a majority of our aristocracy . Ready to p-iform every useful species of industry , and n ^ t less ready to fl > to the poat cf duty 011 any attempt being ruaJts to invade tLe political ri . hts of ilie mass . In tl . is county iWalwokthi I found tho average crop of wtuat to be nfi' -vn bushels to tht ac > x- ; but as
a ' . i-h as forty biuibeif ha ^ e been raised . In come pi-ita lie soil is cuu < pO 8 eJ cf a ;> ght green lo ^ in ; l , ut ic g ' . Ev-rul it is a lieLci-h r : < y and brown loam . Wh . it is ur . 'W :: uu such hiini , but tilt ,- kiacli hi »; h ami iirj l :.: n ( ib tLe b *? t ft > r tLut dtsLnytiyu ¦ f rrou . \ Vi ; h ll . ri . or four years' cu ! liv :. tioD , ii is st . itu tL 1 . 1 t a g'" » -it purlton of Wahvostii cou ; . ty wotiM be madu tj pruducu f jrt > " tu-hels if wheit per ac : u This 1 doubt . I am informed there is a c < mrnuijity formed in Pensylvania , on the borders of Wayne county , who hava pu chafed 36 , 000 acres of land ; and afu-r labouring tiree jears for food and clothing , each family have allotted to them GO acres ; this they manage and cii tiv * te , and tbe profits aro uivided every tix months .
On my tour thus far—and it his expended from Boston over a portion of Massachusetts . Rhodes Isiaxd , through and acrces : t larte portion of the State of New YokK , a little of Pe . nsylvama . Onto Gi . fADi , tirongh Michiga . n , part of Illi . nois . and this territory of Wisconsin—I am unaware of Laving euen one square yard of spado culture , with thd exception of a small garden to the west of Jackson , in . Michigan , which I imagined to be tkus cultivated from ils order and superior appearance . The plough seems to be the only implensent applied for turning over the surface of the soil . By its means a furrow is
formed from sixteen to twenty-two inches in width ; the plough being drawn by two , four , six , or eight oxe ' . i , as the case may require . Then follows another implement drawn by as many cattle . Tbis implement , formed of two beams , which , joining at the points , spreads at right angles , having a row of large iron spikes in each , aud is used for breaking the 8 uil . 11 is employed both for field and garden culture . Even the gardens , at tha ends where tho horses ( or oxen ) sDd the implements torn , are left waste , the corners are rtunitd and covered with weeds , not uufrequemly with stumps and roots of trees .
East Tuoy is a pleasant village . It is eighteen miles iVom WuitewaTER , twenty-eight from Port Atkinson , thiny-three from JaMville , sixteen from Rochester , thirty-eight from Keloit , eighteen from DelevaN , thirty-two from Solthpokt . t ! : irty-tivo fr . » m Racin £ , and thirty-two fruia Milvdai key . Eighteen months ago it had no existenc . Now it possesses 130 inhabitants . As vre journeyed to Milwalkey , I fc-unJ the couiitry flat and undulating ; tnd I felt surprised to find a number of log huts deserted and eoiue broken down .
The ro ^ ds were vory condition , hevlng no form , but mtreiy tracked , excepting wbere we crossed the cr ^ eka and morasses , and then we had Yankee , or Co . du . oi / , bridges . Sometimes we were impeded by rocks or large stones , then a flit , then a precipice , with pits , stumps of trees , thick foliage , and brushwood . The must astonisbis ^ of ail is that tbe horses surmount every difficulty without a stumble and with great rapidity . We pa&sed a small village , called M acwanigo , about ten miles from Troy . Though the village is small it is
very handsome . The site is famed ; it being formerly one of the principal places where tbe Indians met and held their conferences . At present , none of tbe race are in this district of tbe country , a considerable portion of which is now cleared and cultivated , but by no mennB in the manner it ought to be . Tke land being so cheup ia often an injury to the holder , who in his anxiety to carry out improvements is frequently induced to cultivate to a greater extent than he is capable of doing justice to ; and I feel assured that ¦ with proper management one half of the land might be made to produce a larger quantity of grain and of a supexior quality .
The road also , to the extent of thirty miles , might be greatly improved in the space of one week , by tLe em ployment of men thereon , to level the rocks aud fill up tbe deep ruts , both of which are very dangerous in tbe night . The immense number of stumps might also be removed , and the serpentine course of horse and vehicle be avoided . ( To he continued . J
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us , and the few there are , if thej divided their whole substance between us , it would scarce be a sparrow ' s bait for eacb , whilst ib would make then poorer than us , aud deserved waiters on our charity j therefore the utmost stretch of individual charity would only make the rich among us beggars , and the poor in the end more wretched . But though iadividualiy we can do but little to relieve the wants of our fellowa , yet unitedly we can relieve all our wants % a < l mako all rich by a union of our minds and enr ptnee , in a well arranged National Benefit Society , with a proper direction of the funds , to tke useful employment of tot members as fir aa possible . In the coining of wealth
from the land or other raw materials we should soon place ourselves in a prosperous condition , relieve the labour market , by draining off the surplus hands , and maintain a fair rate of wages by regulating the &ur ; ly to suit the demand . Chartists , s-uch a Bociefey as this once started upon a flrra basis , with gond substantial trustees , honest active officers , ( of which there ate many tried men in our ranks ) and the trades would st-t > it so much to their interest to join , that I fully expect the / would come in under the graduated scale , for which I Luve long since rieternrned on preparing ex . ri provisions , under tho head of trades department . But it will be time enough when the society ia started to publi > L my views on that subject .
Who is there having any pretensions to cl'ari . y or humanity , could look calmly on , and see thou ^ iuidii go uown in bitterness to their eariy graves , aud nwt se . 'k to stay this plague of poverty when the means are laid within their united exertions ; and , who cau aay , without giving it a trial , that such a national benefit mzU ty would not contain the means ? Who is there tbut calling to mind the ( . rials and trouble * , poverty and destitution , even in our rauks , c * uld say such a a cie ' y is not the most needed at the present moment ? Who cin deny that such a society would aid the people in thvsr struggle for the Chaiter , by m . iking them mo : 9 comfortable aud independent of thoir employers ? Who is there that would uot think such a society a great auxiliary to our National Charter Association , drawing many
more to us ; many wbo are now deterred by the fear of loss of thair employment—their daily bread ; aud enable many of our good and true members to w iir the name of Chartist more boldly , who are now obliged hy prejudiced emploveis to be too tame ; and if it would do all these things , or a small part of them bow bh ; -J \ we excuee ourselves if we remain longer without such an auxiliary ? Do ye notknow that the eariy Ch'atians had some such a , plan , though not eo efficient , because not calculated to ensure , seeing that it was tmppui tu < i l >; tLterieb , disposing of their goods and dividii s anu i ^ all as they iies . dvd , without arjy apparent prtf > ra ' .. ( .-D fur the future ; but tbe ptan in the course uf the ** letters recommended , provides for present aFsistani-b , with increasing benefits for thd future , aad the ultimate independence of all .
That some men professing ' 0 be Chartists will pay , this will lead the people from the Charter , and o ^ . ers may cry out Socialism , I . expect , indeed anticipate — to each my reply ia , I much doubt whether you pos ^ ss either faith , hope , or charity . Tho faith I have taught is faith in yourselves . Have such opponents fnitii in themselves ? Da tiny LelifVu that the bettering th-. present condition would induce them to forsake tho Charter agitation ? If they think it would not , how dare they assume that others , their fellows , W ( . uld br induced , by the benefits arising from the p ' -opot . u additional operations , to forsake ihe cause , for % \ iiica bo many of them have suffered already so much privation .
Where is their cbarity if they oppose with their fears , plans that in operation will produce such immense benefits to the Chartist party and the woiking class gen ^ niK . . ' ? Have we not ( struggled hard fcr five years , and btsu met by crusade upon crusade , at a great txp .-iise to us of men and wealth , during which time hath not poverty increased upon us , and is it not ati . l increasing ? Have not thousands of operatives been engulfed ia appalling ; misery , aud brought to tbe eve of a physical n . volution by their cruel tusk masters' Has not tbeir blood reddened the streets , and have not th'j tribunals sacrificed them as the scape-goats of the laillocraU ? and shall we with theso facts fresh on our memory , be content to tread the " same ground again , and ngain , " or shall we not rather take to ourselves such extensive operations that will strengthen our position , and render the achievement of a triumphant victory over factions misrule certain ?
Brothers , the shoals of our starving countrymen that we have cast on tho shores of tha New World bath ovtTjtreclied all her large towns with wcrfc .- ^ en of every clnss ; bath rapidly reduced the price of Jabour th ^ re , and rendered her large towns almost as wrttched as -our own . This is calculated to render our name hateful to tbs Americans , and ourselves stigmatised as vagabonds , become a bye-word in the earth . These things cry aloud for a remedy , and f jv the honour of England , and the English name—for the hnppiness of her people , ourselves , and fellows—let us , by all the meaua at our Command , seak to ruu-. dy thr . se grievous 1 vils .
If the poverty < uid wretchedness of the s ; ns of to . ' I is euch as I Lmvo tritfl } ' set forth , ( imi wLj c . n deny it ?) we are bound to grapple with the wi -e sprca'tint ; evil . That it is aa effect is no reii ^ . i ' . f . r leaving it to ran riot with our enter , when i » i- t . " j t 7 v . ry-day occupation of the working ma . i to etr j : , ! - „ with th :.- ; iff .-ct , and yot in : the find sink uidv ; it . Ai . ' ho are ytit without its pale , or have Sufficient j > o . ¦ ¦< -: itf :, siiould unite U > cru * h this monster tfi'jcc , . t ; . i thereby clear tho ro . ; d to freciiiii . The question is not whether wo . shall get the
Charter , or pet food and vmiuei . t , but vi-huther the C ^ art > .. r . unp shall , by eovi- j csfra ex -rttous , fuci ami cU-. tue themselves , to cfiab ;** tfctni the hotter to fij ; t tho battlo for political rights , or wh . ther they shall Uavu thenisel"es still open to the attacks of poverty and tbkj-oyal troops , black and red . Our Washington s . iys , provision the army well—our Watchman say < , provision the camp , aud tha bumble scribs echoes , as every true John Bull would , provision the army ; and in don : ;* this , by one grand National Benefit Society , make ourselves an army , worthy of Runnjmead , able to kdie our Magna Cuarta . Your ' s ,: in truth , GRACCHI'S .
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m ^^ THE REPEAL OF THE UNION . —THE IRISH ARMS BILL . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —I have received , during the last fortnight , letteie from my friends in Manchester , Salford , Oldi'atn , Bolton , Hu < ldersfleld , Dswsbirry , Nottingham , D- rhy , Birmingham , Bath , Bristol , London , Devices , P , .:-Zince , DdVon , Stroud , Carlisle , Leith , Qiap gow , Ayr , and several other places , requesting my opinion regarding tbe present agitation of the Rtpeal of the Union , aud to say wLetJ-: er I believe Mr . O'Cunne ! l to be the sincere advocate of that measure , and
whether he would a ain place it in abeyance m tbe event of the Whiga , his friends , coming into power ; and also my advico as to the best modo of preventing the Irish Arms Bill from becoming law . Now ^ . s my time is altogether occupied in my business r > t this ae :. aon of the year , and aa I really could not nffi > rd the thru to give to each of my respected correspondents a written answer , I hope that Ifcey will be nat . sfied with tLia general reply to their queries through the medium of the Northern Star , and that you , with your usual courtesy , will afflrd me the opportunity of giving aiy humble opinion and advice to my kind friends , through the columns of your paper .
With regard to th « Irish , Arms Bill , my opinion is . that should it become law in Ireland it will soon be extended to England ; and that tbe disarming of the Irish will be but a prelude to the disarming of the English . The experiment will be tried in Ireland , and if successful here will most assuredly be put into operation in England . My advice , therefore , is to petition Parliament against the Irish Arms Bill ; to call upon your representatives not only to oppose it in every stage , bus to briqg in a Bill to compel every male inhabitant in Great Britain and Ireland , from the age of sixteen to sixty , to provide themselves with good arras , according to their station in society and means , in order that they may bs ready at-all tirties to defend their sovereign and their country against the common enemy .
There is a clause in tbe Irish Coercion Act , " the modified Coercion Act , " aa it is called , as bad as any clause in the contemplated Irish Arms Bill . This Coercion Act was introduced by Lord Morpeth . Mr . Crawford opposed it in every stage . Mr . O'Connell voted for it , on tbe plea of its being necessary to pnt down agrarian disturbance in Ireland . Mr . Smith O'Brien movod that its continuance shouid be to limited to two years . Mr . O'Csnnell opposed tbe motion , and moved that it should continue for five years , which was carried .
At that time the Repeal of the Union was in abeyance , and tbe Whigs were giving places to tha Irish Repealers ( M . P . ' s ) and their f llowera . Tbe Repealers were actually turned out of the Great Rooms of the Corn Exchange , on the motion cf Mr . J . J . Murphy , an attorney , which motion was duly advertised in the newspapers , and which is now before ma There was not a petition against this Coercion Act from Ireland bat one , nnd that ono was from myself alone , while thousands were poured in against it by English hateta of tyranny , and lovers of liberty .
At a meeting of tbe National Trades Political Union held at the Corn Exchange , on the 18 th of August , 1836 , Mr . John O'Brien in the chair , Mr . J . M . Ray , Becretary , a petition against this Coarcion Act was moved by Mr . James Whittle , and seconded by Mr . O'Higgins , and adopted by the meeting , and signed by the Chairman and the Secretary on behalf of th « meeting , tbe latter undertaking to put it in the post office that night , as there waa no time to ba lost However , after tbe meeting broke up Mr . O'Brien , the Chairman , and Mr . Ray ( " dear R » v" ) , the Secretary , recollected that Mr . O'Connell bad supported the Bill
in the House of Commons ( it waa then ia tbe Lords ) , and that it was the Irish Secretary , Lord Morpeth , tbe beloved , wbo had introduced it in the House of Commoas , not only did not drop it in the post office , but actually cut their names from the tx > ttom of it , on the grounds that coercion and disarming the Irish Repealers were acta of grace and jaattce towards the people , otherwise Lord iluvpfcth would not h ^ vo brvughtit in , nor would Mr . O Oonrtcil br ^ vo supported it . Mr , Crawford wwi dc :.. iunced as a' Tovy for h . iVhi ^ opposed it ; and Mr . O'Cu « : ' .. il mad-- u i-iifc nt of him t < Lie Tories gu the occuiijii , u- _ i : _ utl uui iii cjti LuHjui (/ £ having
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been accused and publicly denounced , by Marco * Costello , now Whig Attorney- General , of Gibraltar ; Thomas Reynolds , now Whig-Marshal of Dublin ; H . C Dorjovan , now Whig-Clerk of the pipe ; Tom Arliins , now Whig'Bword-bearer to the Corporation ; Edward Br = > . na ' . i , now Whig collector of poor-rates ; John O Brien , now Whig ward-officerl and by " dear Ray , " of tha atrocious crime , to use tbeir own words upoa the ^ ccadon , of an insidious and mischievous proceeding , calcn ' atod and intended to involve the trae ' e uniou , Mr . O'Counell , and the thea Liberal GovernrueLt ia a broil , and thus retard the progteia of measures for the benefit of Ireland—the Coercion Act and Anas BUL It may be uskod why do I speak of these things ? lay answer is that he who wi : i not prcfi : by experience , is
a foo ! , and that experience teaches aid to U-. lova thoroughly , without a&y manner of doult , tUa . the surae pirty will attempt to play the same game njiaiu , the moment the opportunity of doing so presents it-elf , that Chartists , Ka'iicals , ana Rapeakrs writ ai ; ain be denounced by the presgi . t Repeal Laden * ; Itiat the Repeal will sj ? ain be put in abeyance u > idet tho pretence cf giving thej Wt » lga a fair trial ; It : vt he \ iho talks about Repeal will be denounced as an iaemy : u the p : iy cf the Tories , whose object is to tturroil Mr . O'Cocnell and the Liberal GoVer ^ ivtznt ia . qu . ; rrel upon the Repeal question . ILis was done bef ' . ne and will be dons again . Honest uk& -were hutsled uowa like wild beasts by place-hunting llope : ; leis . A fresh brood is now ready to bunt tkem , wttea tbe \ foper
lime arrives . You have asked uta for kt ? opini-jn of Mr OConncll ' a sincerity , aud my advlcs as ti > L ¦« you ara to ace ; and you speak out like honest m , " .., by declaring for Repeal ami against caerJyn Tnis i = > ju * t -. vfcat I expected . It is the very course I Rruw jou would lake . I maintained that yau . would du so at all tiruca , and r . gsinsfc -11 coercion . Tfcw is jistw ! : at I eiip-. cted . 1 maititained tLat you wouU do so , ut all times , an , ! against all Jour calumniators , whtthcrof high or low degree . I knew full vrt-Il that tLe B . ulsh Cuartistu were the real , tie true , the uncomjyoniMng friends of / rtland , aud t ' je Irish . I kaev 7 yuur b :.. red of oppression and ! c ? a tf lis-ertr , civil aud rtli ^ vus : and now you r . re proving that I i' \ l you but common justice , while I opposed suoh of tuy coualryiuea c" 3 Ui'iuee ! , vilified , nnd misrep '^ seutei jou .
L shnil give Sou my opiuiou honestly , cam ' . i lly and ftar ' essly—vud tbat opinion is , thit / do not btlitrr ihixt Mr O'Connell in uji ^ tinijtlf Repeal tu rns ' . ' y or si .- ^ n ' . y or u-iih the Motion of ever brin jimj the u > jiiatian to a . sacira .-jul { aw ; but 011 the cjitlyai y , / du b ° ' u re Ji < m the bo'i'nn of niy sou , that the wjifa'ion , us / ar us he 1 * ' . ' ¦ j rictnii'd , aitdhc is the head , ut . d frottt and body and ~< jiil of it . is intii . ccie ami iiypocritivu '; and t / iul ihv . ' of the agitation is 1 . 0 ' with thr rieu- lo It-peal the l ';> iu .- ; but iu Hie hope offorciwj the Tory Government to puss c ¦<¦ cion laws , " Iriih Anns Bi'ls , ' and the ' ike h pu' daw a the llepea 1 Jjilu'ion in Ireland , the AiUi Corn Luff ' - ¦ ; ilation . a / idl '< r Curtiit a ' jitaiion in Ecjiund uhich ' " » of tyraniiy wov'O h ive the effect of bri ; tijiv < i out : ht i' - 'hig Lord ( 'JuviLnuoiii . as a Ju : ' . oasp-, Uri loncc ) no > ' li- lit '
land ; L' ) t <\ R-idnor , Lord Br ^ . 'Ug' -. am , or soiut ovner Wh «; Lo .- ^ Ia in E-gland : ' . but kc . ndiary £ . cs ^ -vu'd fallow , the c ^ niiqience cf wl . ieh t ? ould be th ; it Uia Queen wouid < tissolve Parl . at ; : « nt , aud that tho Wt £ s would aeaia be carried i ; . to j . jwer oa the t . chs of tha people who would be 1 ft ia the lurch , as herctofoie ; and tkat the / Uft Repeal ayita ' ors ivou ' get Whig p ' ws . an-1 beoiitc the tyrants and oppressors of their deluded diqx-s . Tir . t is the end and object of the present Rfpj-i ogitatiun . I am convinced , and bear in mind , tiiu * . w Lenfcvtr you 6 ec Lord Cnarlemont aid some otlieto of minor note , coming forward as patriots at publics ms-etir . ga in In-laml , the wind will then have changed . It will be b \ or < wij from some Whis point . Hiving g : ven you my opinion , I sbnll now ( jive you my advice ; and in doing so , sir , I beg of you t » bear in mitu' that sll tha rains that man could take , has been t :. k < : n
by Mr . O'Connell to excite hr . tred and auinL-sity against you in tbe minds of his counlryru . n fiiica J . ii : uary lB : ! o . Ho hxi repreafnted you as th * : idera and abettors of tbose who called the lris > j pviests—the Catholic priests " sur ^ liced ruffians "—while he knew that a more unfounded calumny eould not be u . tered . Weil , the time has now arriveii fur yea to i ; i «< ve t ) tha world that h 6 did ca ' uninicte you . Tho TocLs L . ' . ve airntd a de ., d ' y Mow at tbelibtrtiesof tho Ir ^ h p ^ le It is but a precursor . Y-. ic have come rorwrd at "rce , nobly and gcLtroUsly , to ward it tff , or v r .. o ia it , in order to n : . lie it fall th » pvjiv lit '^ iiy upon th ' .-so vr ! jo were - - ' i <> hate 70 U . Ia ti : 3 . •¦>> it of pure Chi- ^ t ? " . 3 yon Lave forgiven th jS" ^' . u '•??• igcl you , ar . d li . ivc come forward to tJ : e ap ^ ist ^; : r ;; if tha very men tv : ; o ofiV'ed their gratuii . us strvio ^ f- t th . 3 Wb iT Q ivcT-ncieist to c : ush and opjjr < . sri > o u v ;\ -1 you were situtr < : ling 11 & : ' nst Opprecsion . This is c .:: dac 6 becominc ; a Kr- ; : * , a r . cble , atii a gpneroud p < 'p !« .
Cbnrtittd uf ( i eat Britni ' , pLrsc ? cre as you h ;; ve bv'irun , pttit'oc , r ^ munstrp . ' . e , do every thiii ; nut -July r / ithin th ¦ precic : ls of the law , but vs- '^ bin t !« pa ' " ; o £ thj constituiijn , to save your Iriih bretbr- : i f-..-.: i th-ise coi'tenip . ' . tcii ac ' . s < i Tv-y tyra : > ny . S ' . '> p r ! i-j Irisb Amw' Bill ; pr . - ; ent th .- tossing of ray 0 . _ -rci . !> Vc ' , ; but do nut lit .:.. ;(;! : tl . j Clir . rttr . P .-Utioa Vttr '/ . r-. ir . t f v " . K peal of tl . v Uiiio-a , but * t ; uit iu r-o \ a .., t svho V ill Jut H 17- ' J- U J . V l-: J » it .-. ia WritlO ^ . V . " it » -J w . 1 PUpr . jr . rij adr ; i . ! i .. - Th ' . ' . jtt L ; ' :. O > E lLat . w : ^ Ji / . Ki . tlm Pb . i'i . tj CH . r . n :: ; a caiunlt ME . ' . stiii ti ^ a is !¦¦ : .-i . iv ' ue ; 1 . ib the Let I c " . u pivj , fli ^ i ia th . 1 " 1 " . Ti ' -a I La 7 e aclcl iii ; ^ :.-lf sir . je the ^ eaer _ i ,.: v .. ju ia i ^;> r . ¦ PATUICK O'Ul'J ' . " -3-D .: bHn , K :: ¦ ¦ 2 utii , IMZ .
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From Iht London Guzeiie of Friday , May l < . BA . NKUCPTS . William S ^ nt , Oxford-strset , hosier , to surrender May 2 ( 5 , at two , June 30 , at one , at the Bi . / kn-pts * Cart . Solicitors , MesErs . H ^ irdv ? ick and JiW .:.: m , Weavera ' -hali , Basinghall-atreet ; tm-jial ai > 3 igr ; tJ , Mr . Alsagar , Birehin-lane . Hwary Cundall , Little Ha-lham , Hertfor ('' . hire , innkefcpar , May 26 , at one , June 30 , at twelve , at the B ^ krupts' Cr-urt . Solicitors , Messrs . Milne , P < rry , Milnu , and Monis , Temple ; and Messrs . Gee and Tay-Kr , Bia ' uops ^ : L , rtf « rd ; official assignee , Sir . Whitmove , B-isinghail-otrset .
George Flowers , Hammersmith , auctioneer , May 2 < f , at t-kven , June 30 , at half-past eleven , at tbe B . inkrupts'Couvt . Solicitor , Mr . Mosa , Cloak-lane , Qieenfctrcet , Cheapside ; tificial assignee , Mr . Alsager , Birthin-Iane . William Gordon , Colchester , coach-proprietor , May 26 , at eleven , JuueS ;* , stone , at the Bankrupts' C > urt , Solicitors , Mussrs . Wire end Child , t > with : ii ' s-lane ; nnd Mr . Barnes , Colcheater ; tificial assigaee , Mr . Pcimell . PLilip Speyer and Jjseph Scbnbacb , High Holborn , tailors , May 2 i ) , at one , June 30 , sA eleven , at the Bankrupts' Court . Solicitor , Mr . Webster , C-roliaesheet , liedferd-s quare ; official assignee , Mi . Gibe on , Basinghall-atroet .
J'jhnFirzi , Paington , D vonsh : ro , vic . u : »;!" t , June 2 , * 2 i > , at eleven , at the Bankrupt * District C . 'uct , Exater . Solicitors , Mr . Pinssnt , London ; and Msssri Wills and Francis , Newtou Abbott ; official £ ss o : iee , Mr . Hernaman , Exeter . Thomaa Wilkea , Monmoutb , innkeeper , Juno 13 , July 11 , at one , at the Bankrupts' District Cou : t , Briatoi . Solicitors , Messrs . Smith and Son , Gra-y ' s-i . m ; : nd Mr .- Hall , R » 3 s , Herefordshire ; cfacial assignee , Mr . Miller , Bristol , Richard Pju , ' ym ., W « st Bromw-ch , St : in ° / rdshire , hatter , May 27 , at one , June 29 , at half-past eiuv-.-n , at the Bankru ^ ta' District Court , Birmingham . S ., licitors , Mesara . Milne and Co ., Temple ; anu Mr . Bent , Manchester ; official assignee , Mr . Bittlestoa , Birmingham .
pahtnersuips dissolved . J . P . Kiiby and Co ., Liverpool , oil merchants . Ellis and Sods , Dswsbury , Yorkshire , wooUjn-nierchints . Koeber , Brothers , and Co ., Leeds , dyers . T . and J . K . Tillotson , Sheffield , merchants , J . and fj . Cliadwick , Woodlesford , near Leeds , maisters . R . Hepherd and Co ., Warrington , Lancashire , maltsters .
Emigration.
EMIGRATION .
fTlHE BRITISH EMIGRANTS' MUTUAL X AID SOCIETY informs the Publio , that tha Emigration Society , established in Halifax in September , 1842 , have extended their Operations , and greatly enlarged their Scheme , by fixing upon 20 , 840 Acres of Land , whereon to form a Colony in one of the Western States of North America , and ia allowing more time for the Entrance of New Members , with other Improvements set forth in the Rules , alike advantageous to Capitalists and Labourers . Parties wishing to Emigrate , may form Branch Societies in any Part of the Country , and are referred for Copies of Rules aad other Information to any of the following Gentlemen ; and if by Letter , post-paid , enclosing three Penny Postage Stamps : —
Mr . Pitkethlt , Buxton-road , Huddersffcld . Mr . Jabez Todd , Grocer , &c , Huddersfield . Mr . T . Bewxet , Sc-tmimby , near Coekermoutb . Mr . Joseph >' ich- v ? ox , Grove-stmt , Halifax . 3 dr . V ' m . J . ' aigji , Waiu- £ trc * t , Halifax . Mr . C CuAun-. KjE , ( 'Ion . Sec . ) 3 , Broad-ftroet , HitKi-x .
Untitled Article
THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , THE ONE THING NEEDFUL . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brethren , — I have subscribed rnygelf in Faith , Hope , and Charity unto you , and I trust not in vain . How much of our whole existence is wrapped up in in the first two , and how much we need the thorough operation of tbe latter i < . eiini ? amongst us to sweeten our faith aud hope . Truly , said tbe Apostle of Christianity , the fjreatet > t of tLesu three in charity ; for , brotbers , bow much of the ills of life may we
remove , if we possess tfais brotherly lcm— if we indeed possessed this virtue , or souk tit to pessuos it , and ty cultivate it iu others , we should truly sympathise witti our oppressed fellows , and nut be sa-tiatied with only professing sympathy—we eh uki not be satisfied with sympathising only—but give sima tangible proof of our sympathy , we sbouid go onr utmost to remove the poverty and wretchedness r > f our fellow creature ? . How » ft may we hear it saiil , " A it , 1 aiu st ' rry r ' 01 i 1 k : h , hut what cau ono d-o ? ' T .-u < . os < - cuujmC Lrlp many , but many can help one . T . * . < . re •»»© oot n-aity rich amcingat
Untitled Article
HAR 51 ON 1 T HALL . LETTER XI . TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . SlR . —I have now to point out the kind of authority or power to be rested in the Prescient and CouncU of the Society which I have proposed should be formed for the purpose of removing the evils under which all classes of society are suffering . As I have stated in my former letters , the orga : izttwn of tbe Society can ncveT be tffectuai for its purpwse . un . ess it shall be placed under the superintendence of a single mind . The President of the Society will , therefore , to meet the emergency in which we are placed , be vested with the unlimited and ( as weak words alter nothing , and strong ones will be more likely to excite attention and investigation ) , I would say arbitrary and despotic authority .
I place this assertion thus stron $ ly b : fore you in consequence of your correspondent Q acchus , in bis review of my former letters , having stated that we have a fundamental principle necessary to tbe maintenance of order , in any community or nation , that is , tbe democratic principle , or government by the people eitber personally or by representation . I contend that there is nothmg contrary to this principle in what I have laid down , and whether it be called despotic , democratic , or by any other name , the thing itself is not thereby altered .
Tbe basis of the movement must be , the knowledge that we are in a position to require firm , united , decided , and vigorous action , and that this action cannot be obtained unless full confidence be placed in tbose who are to lead it . The times evidently indicate that great and overwhelming changes are at hand . If we look to Ireland , we may observe that tbe question of the repeal of the union , one which can only affect the feelings and pnjudices of the people , is creating and excitiug a power which the G ' . vutmnent scarcely knows how to deal with . Open defiance is being given to tbe authorities which now govern this country , and the privilege of martyrdom is being eagerly sought far in high placts The Catholic Bish « p of Arilagh has declared " that he
has every reason to believe , indeed he knows that every Catholic Bishop in Ireland , without an t-xception , is an ardent repealer . ' "I for one , " be declares , " defy nil the ministers of England to put down the repeal agitation in the diocese of Ardagb . I am but an huiiibie man ; I ain nothing . I not only belong to the people , but I am proud to say , I belong to tho very humblest class of tbe people . I do speak it with pride , for to no aristocrat un the earth do I oxre at ythmg save tLe unbounded contempt that I ba ^ e for the vrhole c . ass . Let the Government bring ub to the senff > ld , if it dare . In djing fur our country we shall bequeath cur wrongs to our successors , au < ' our cause to the peop ' e . " To what can wo attribute the power which the Repeal Association has obtained but to the conceutrativo
energy of Mr . 0 Conuell ' a mind being easily distributed through evtry portion of its proceedings . Suppesing that he had to debate , discuss , and explain every proposition ho had to make , or oven that he had to work with a council , any single member of which may ba disposed to thwart him , could any one believe that he woulit then bo enabled to rouso tbe spirit which he now excites ? On the contrary , there would be nothir . t ; but dissatisfaction nnd weakness . Let us take tho contrast between tbe agitation for tbe Repeal and that for the People's Charter . Many minds , individually as powerful as Mr . O'Cunnell ' s , have beon engaged iu prosecuting tbe latter ; and the objects sought to be obtained are eertaiuly far more attractive and valuable ; yet by tbe adopting what ycur correspondent , Gracchus , would designate as tbe democratic principle , we may observe Uie tfifierei . t rate of progress of the one ftom the o ' . her .
I would give to the society , in any manner it may deem proper , the election of the Central President ; but this being done , I would allow him . , in order to preserve entire the unity of bis own mind , to select tbe persons who were to be associated with him as a council , and to change them as often as hs found the body imperfect . And with regard to the number of which the Council should be formed , it should be entirely at the option of tbe President No other person could possibly know the requirements of the caae ; and tho magnitude of tha business to be . performed will dtnmucl that tbe smallest possible amount uf agitation fihuuld exist in tbe President ' s mind . Those who read th <_ so !• tiers must btnr in mind that
I am speaking of tbe ai "< . ju ; ii " . g of no partial or ordinary objects . Tbe universal bippintss of roan ) 3 tbe suVj-. 'ct to be taken in hand by tl ' . o S- > ci « rty I propose to establish ; and there can In . no fi-ar but ' . be publicity of tbe tr&nsactknis will prevmt any improper proceeding taking p ! ace : and if v ? o eomtm ; i ..: e at tho hijiheat point of intelligence aa < l rxpt . ienco tint cm ba obUinui , we may easily radiate from this pjiiii , io any extent tbat urcumstancjx may r . quirt * . Tbo Central Society will , r . s s ' a ' ui in a previous letter , have numerous brdiichis a ' . ' . ^ olii tl to it ; and these branches should , in lik » iiiixntitr , civet a presiileut , who should , for all local pu >») 3 ts . le iuvtsU'fi with a simil it powtr to tbat of IL 10 C-utr-l Prehi'U-nt , biu
should always net umlur the soirn -Viou «> t , and in ucc > mlance with , tht > dic ' . fcion oT Uin UiUer , and bu removable if found in ftuy nia . u . ur oW . ru' .:: ive . To prevent the ali . n ^ iion or improper u e of ti ; funds that nia ; bj raised , g <;! . ;_ r !> l and Ic ; a ! lre ? .= < ui-. r . 1 itiitl iiv . ' litors sh .-U ;< l be appointed , und V . < : ' ¦¦ £ officeis sV . du ' . U bo tlocto . l hy tbe pi-ueral or local nu ¦ ab vs , ir . «" f ^ . -c . i . at of an * ir . terfi-rence by tbe Pi \ si , ' .--it . C ¦» . ^ tv . \' . ii > n-1 nu : lin ., B sb .. uid be heht as oft- n as V . < y uniy I ¦ r . ij ureu of thu various Presidents of ttv S > Li * - * y , v' -. uro ' . he most iteo inquiry and examinatinn sh I ' . KI ho oi t > Tcd into , but no Viiiog should t . ke fl . ica on uny sn'j ^ ct , ev . rythins ; bt-inp offered as counsil or Euygiis ' . io 1 to Uie Central President .
By aaap'ing this niotle of dt ' ate , too spirit of the principles on which tlio socii-ty is to ba f ^ unde *! may eahily ba preserved , ai'd it will thereby atHance its ol jtcts in a rapid n . acrer ; but if ^ Usctvun of the niembera of Congress , and voting on its nil ' lira be allowed , it will be coHiposed gert ralsy of the most unfit , because the most talkative , Bi . - ' , f conceited , and uptecb-lovicg individuals that cau bo fouaJ . Tne Presidents , wti ' lher cdTitral or local , should be removable whenever it w . y be dro ; n : ¦ ' ntcvssary by a majority cf those wbo hu . vc to e ^ . c' ifu-. m , ami pr"pt-r regulations to effect this o ! j' -. ct shouUi bo made ia tbe constitution and laws . The spirit of the lottcr of your correspondent Gracchus has given me n'Uch pleasure , und tbere are tiro other points in it to wbich i niust btre rbfer .
lat . With regard to wbo should be the President . On this , as on . ny other subject I Write , I desire your readers distinctly to undetataud that I adopt , at the most , nothing beyond the suggestive style . Having simply the universal object btfure me , I shall be glad to see it accomplished in auy manner that may be practicable ; and with regard tsiEhtr to the organisation required , the manner in which it shall be formed , or the person who shall be at its Ix-ad , I uhnll be glad to Bee the opinions of as many persons as can wiito on tbe subject , in a calm and tfelibt rative manner . The society ; if mbtly formed , may contain within its folds every friend of huannity ; nnd if a proper Central President be chosen , < : md io other coulci long r ^ taiu his positio n , ) he will undoubtedly t ake care to have cordially acting with him the kiuiing minds of all classes , sects , and parties , ia the manner in which their faculties can be beat wni'lojod .
2 nd . With regard to Mr . Owen ' s preliminary Char ter , your correspondent states thivt th « imitation that would carry it would carry tbe more important measure of political tights . I would here desire him to oo&skier again the relative importance of the two documents , and the amouuc of opposition likely to be offered to eitber . It ii uot n ; y intention to disparage what has bitatrto been termed the People ' s Charter , but I think it extremely u fficuit of attainment , and even if it could be obtained , it csn only lay the foundation of a representation to ba elected by a body of people wbo have been bitberto uninstructod with respect to what will the most readily promote their intortsts .
I am highly gratified with the tone in which Grachus speaks of Mr . Owen , and this , not from any individual or personal ciiiae , but at ) an indication of the progress that is being made ia the public mind with regard to liberal and tmlightfened sentiments . I trust that he will not fail again to express any difference of opinion he may entertain respecting any subject I am treating of ; and I think I cannot belter conclude this letter than by taking tho npirit and ajtucat the words of his last paragraph . Hoping tbat I shall be enabled , in the course of these lettp . ru , to inspire my readers w ith a firm faith in theniBtilviv , aa the only power of emancipation from : the pr-seiit und increasing misery , a strong hope in the tueaua uf deliverance that will be placed before them , and a fail measure of charity for tbe differences of views and opinions wbich every one is of necessity compelled to entertain ; as with these tbere cau be no reasonublu tloubt that Wo shall tpeetHly gain the ol jec 5 tbat all are staking—universal happiness , I am , Sir , Youi obedient Servant , William Galpin . Harmony Hall , n * ar Stockbridge , Hants , May 21-a , 1843 .
Uanurujiig, Srr,
UanUrujiig , Srr ,
Untitled Article
Dismissal of an Obdnakce Officsb . —Limerick Chronicle says '" Mr . llanlon , ordnaace clerk of works ^ i E : ; iiitkilluu . has beca dismissed for attendiug a Royeal m eung at Kells . Mr . Haaloa is SOr plaoed by Mr . Kiiby , fivoa Deny . "
Untitled Article
••» ' From iht Gazette oj Tuesd-jy , May 23 . BANKRUPTS . Charles Cooper and Thomas Cooper fell-mongera , Strood , Kjut , to surrender Juae 6 , at one , and July 4 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Mr . G ^ eea , official assignee , Aldermanbury ; solicitors , Mr . Austin , Threadneedle-street ; and Mr . Morgan , Maidi . to . ae . Charles Altizin , npholsterer , Conduit-street , St . Gsorgo , Hanover-square , June 1 , at twelve , and July 4 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Mr . Turquand , official-issignee , Old Jewry-Chambers ; solicitor ,. Mr . Pike , Old Burlington-street . Joseph Jones , bookseller , Stafford , Jane 3 and 29 , at half-past twelve , at the Birmingham District Court . Mr . Whitmore , official-assignee , Birmingham ; solicitota , Mr . Phillips , Shiffaal ; and Mr . Collis , Birmingham ,
Thomas Price , baker , Liverpool , Jane X , at uaif-past twelve , at" the Liverpool District Court . Mr . Turner , cffijial-asaignee , Liverpool ; solicitors , Messrs . Littledale audBardawell , Liverpool ; and Messrs . Vincent and Co ., London . Thomas Williams and Edwaxd Williams , linen-drape ra , Livarpool , June 10 and July 4 , at eleven , at the Liverpool District Court . Mt . Ga ^ nove , official assignee , Liverpool ; solicitors , Messrs . Sale and Worthiagton , Manchester ; Mr . Baxter , Lincoln ' s-Inn-Hjlds , London . J . Lambert , cloth-merchant , LssdB , Jane 1 and 27 , at eleven , at the Leeds District Court . Mr . Hope , official-assignee , Leeds ; solicitor , Mr . Blackburn , Latids . Samuel Mn grave and Besjamin Mnsgrave , dyers , L ? eds , Juno I .-ud 27 , at twelve , at the Leeds District Court . Mr . Fearne , official-assignee ; solicitor , Mr . Robinson , Lc-eda .
Untitled Article
_ THE NQjTH ERfl _ JS ^ A R . , t
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 27, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1214/page/7/
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