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" <Lt>? €ontm\mt af aslant! " Laws ?rine the poor, and rich men rale the law!"
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Untitled Article
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PATRIOTIC TALES ! Prich Threepence—No. 1,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE REPUBLICAN ; a Tale of the French Revolution . By " Argus . " ' * The * Republican' is written by an author as original in his sphere as ' Boz . ' His style u chaste , manly , and impassioned ; and the sentiments contained in this Tale , and throughout the whole of * ArgusV writings , are such as belong to the good and the naturally noble . "—Northern Star . Price 4 d . —No . IL , THE REBEL PROVOST ; or , THE TWO CITIZENS . By Argub . " 11 We want a million Buoh rebels as Andrew Meikle . We give a sample of his political creed ; and he is the rebel who hesitates to adopt it as his own . "—Nonconformiit . " This work , we are convinced , will go far to keep the flame of patriotism alive . "—Glasgow Post . " It is in the author ' s usual style , having for its moral that which the author never omits , the beauty of virtue , and the advancement of the cause of universal liberty . " "' Argus , ' as every Chartist knows , is a clear , comprehensive , and powerful writer in the cause of democracy ; and possesses , as every Chartist and Republican may infer , a heart glowing with all the feelings , wishes , and manly sentiments of a philanthropist , and patriot . His works will form a delightfully instructive addition to the poor man ' s library ; and their cheapness and genuine talent will alike recommend them to the fireside of feeling and the parlour table of taste . "—Northern Star . Price 6 d . —No . III . THE GRAVE OF GENIUS , bt J . O . LaMont . " Too faithful a picture of the straggles of unbefriended genius . It is oae of the ' short and simple annals of tho poor' told in touching and beautiful language . Nor i ^ it devoid of keen and biting satire on , the heartlessness and hypocrisy of the great world . The work is well worth perusal , and we recommend it to tho attention of our readers . Though unpretending , its style is refined , and its language correct ; and as to simplicity and pathos it might have been written by Crabbe without detraction from his reputation . —The ( Dublin ) World . " Will be road with general pleasure . "— Scotsman . " Told with a fidelity that shews the author well understood tho subject he wrote upon . "—Sheffield Iris . " Well told and lays hold upon , the readers' interest . "— Nonconformist . " Another evidence of the author ' s sympathetic feclings , enlarged views , and literary qualifications . " u Though small in size , this work is eminently calculated to add largely to the woll deserved popularity of its author . "—Northern Star . London : Cleave , Watson , Clark , Strange , Hetherington , Lovett , and may be had , to order , of all Booksellers in town or country .
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THE ILLUMINATED MAGAZINE , For February , 1844—Price One Shilling , EDITED BT DOUGLAS JEUROLD . CONTAINS the following Origiual Articles , with V Illustrations by Gilbert , Leech , Hiue , Prior , Homing , Charles Martin , and Fussell . Tmo British Mussum , by Libra . The Broken Hearted Club , —No . 2 . The Misery of having a Red Nose , by Piers Shafton , Gent . Titus the Gardener , or the Demon Gooseberry , by Charles llooton . Beaus of England . Travel and Talk ( Recollections of Italy ) , by Luko Roden , M D . To Charles Dickens , on his" Christmas Carol . " Bachelor ' s Hali . Sketches of Parisian Life—The Grisette , by Mrs . Poatans . The Thirteenth Chime , a Legend of Old London , by Angus B . Reach . A few words about Tobacco , by Medicus . Poetry , &c . Office , No . 2 , Crane Court , Fleet-street . —Sold by all Booksoilors .
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NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . T 71 ITZHUGH , WALKER , and CO ., 12 , Goree J ? Piazzas , Livkrpool , beg to inform intending Emigrants that th < y shall despatch the Fine Fast-Sailing American Ship " FRANCONIA , Captain Garnett , of 1 , 000 Tons Burthen , for NEW YORK , on the Seventh Day of February next . And also the American Ship ISAAC ALLEHTON , Captain Tobrey , of 1 , 100 Tons Burtheu , tor NEW ORLEANS , on the Fifth Day of February . Each Passenger will be provided by the Ship with One Pound of GOOD Bread , Flour , Rice , Oatmeal , and Potatoes , aud also Three-Quarts of Water per Day during the Voyage , Free of Charge . Applications for Berths , or for any other Information ( Post-Paid ) , will be attended to by Return Of Post .
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INSTANT RELIEF FROM PAIN . T EFAY'S GRANDE POM MADE cures , in most JU cases by one application , ticdouloureux , gout , aud all painful affections of the nerves , giving instant relief in the most painful paroxy * ms . Patients who had for years drawn on a miserable existenoe , and many who had lost the use of their limbs from weakness , brought on by paralysis and rheumatism , to the astonishment of their medical attendants and acquaintance have by a few rubbings been restored to strength and comfort , after electricity , galvanism , blistering , veratrine , colchicum , and all tho usual remedies had been tried and found useless . Its surprising effects have also been experienced ia its rapid cure of rheumatic pains of the head and face , paralytic affeotions , weakness of tho ligaments and joints , glandular swellings , soro throat ' , chronic rheumatism , palpitation of the heart , and difficult respiration . It requires no restraint from business or pleasure , nor does it cause any eruption , and may be applied to the most delicate skin without fear of injury . Sold by the appointment of Jean Lefay , the inventor , by his solo a ^ ent , J . W . Stirling , chemist , 86 , High-street , Whiteoh » pel , in i metailiocases , at ii . dd . and 2 a . 9 d . each . N . B . A post-office order for 5 s . will pay for a 4-i . Gd . case and its carriage to any part of the United Kingdom .
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FRAMPrON'S PILL OF HEALTH [ Price Is . l £ d . per box . fTIHIS excellent Family PiU is a medicine of long-X tried ; effioaoy for correcting all disorders of the stomach and bowels , the common symptoms of which are costivenefs , flatulency , spasms , loss of appetite , sick head-ache , giddiness , sense of fulness aftei meals , dizziness of the eyes , drowsiness and pains in the stomach and bowels . Indigestion producing a torpid state of the liver , and a consequent inactivity of the bowels , causing a disorganization of every function of the frame , will , in this most excellent preparation , by a little perseverance , be effectually removed , i Two or three doses will convince the afflicted of its salutary effects . The stomach will speedily regain its strength ; a healthy , action of the liver , bowels , and kidneys , will rapidly take place ; and , instead , of listlessness . heat , pain , and jaundiced appearance , strength , activity , and renewed health , will be the quick result of taking this medicine according to the directions accompanying each box ; and if taken after too free an indulgence at table , they quickly restore the system to its natural state of repose .: Personsof a FULL HABIT , who are subject to head-ache , giddiness , drowsiness , and singing in the ears , arising from too great a flow of blood to the head , should never be without them , as . many dangerous symptoms will be entirely carried off by their immediate use . FOR FEMALES these Pills are most truly excellent , removing all obstructions ; the distressing head-ache ! so very prevalent with the sex ; depression of spirits , dulnes 8 of sight , nervous affections , blotches , pimples , and sallowness of the skin , and give a healthy and juvenile bloom to the complexion . As a pleasant , safe , easy aperient , they unite the recommendation of a mild operation with the most successful ieffact , and require no restraint of diet orconfiaementduringthoir use . Andfor ELDELRY PEOPLE they will be found to be the most comfortable medicine hitherto prepared . Sold by T . Prout , 229 , Strand , London , Price 2 s . 9 d . per box , and by his appointment , by Heaton , flay , Allen , Land , Haigh , Smith , Bell , Townsend , Baines and Newsome , Smeeton , Reinhardt , T * rbotton , Leeds ; Brooke , Dewsbury ; Dennis and Son , Burdekin , Moxon , Little , Hardman , Linney , and Hargrove , York : Brdoke aud Co ., Walker and Co ., Stafford , Faulkner , Doncaater ; Judson , Harrison , Linney , Ripon ; Foggitt , Coates , Thompson , Thirsk ; Wiley , Easing wold ; England , Fell , Spivey , Huddersfield ; Ward , Richmond ; Sweeting , Knaresbrd ; Pease , Oliver , Darlington ; Dixon , Metcalfe , Langdale , Northallerton ; Rhodes , Snaith ; Goldthorpe , Tadcaster ; Rogerson , Cooper , Newby , Kay , Bradford ; Brioe , Priestley , Pontefraot ; Cord well , Gill , Lawton , Dawson , Smith , Wakefield |; Berry , Denton ; Suter , Leyland , Hartley , Parker , Dunn , Halifax ; Booth , Rochdale ; Lambert , Boroughbridge ; Dalby , Wetherby ; Waite , ; Horrogate ; Wall , Barnsley ; and all respectable Medicine Vendors throughout the kingdom . Ask for Frampton ' s Pill of Health , and observe the name and address of " Thomas Prout , 229 , Strand , London , " on the Gov ernment Stamp .
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' FACTS ARE STUBBORN THINGS . " THE following testimonials from respectable per , sons , in addition to many hundreds of DECI . DED CURES—particulars of which have beea already published—established the character of PARR'S LIFE PILLS , « s the Best Medicine in the World : — TO THE PROPIUETOBB OF PARK ' S LIFJS PILLS . Gentlemen , —This is to inform you , in detail , wh » i OLD PARR'S LIFE PILLS ( or Pills of Healthi have done for me . First . —Tney have cured me ofaCcagb . of ab out three years duration , by which I could sleep verj little ; but the third night I took them I slept coot , fortably . Secondly . —Of a Nervous Affection , with which I have been troubled for many years . Thirdly . —Of Costiveness , from which I have suf . fered much for many years , having been , except at intervals , for three , four , five , six , seven , and eleven daya in torment , previous to going to the ground . Fourthly . —Of the Rheumatism , from which J have suffered much , for upwards of 40 years . Fifthly . —Of a Scorbutic humour , with which 1 have beea tormented at least 44 years , having beej lame with it , several times , for months together . This has been a very stubborn case . I do not knon what I may have , but at present , I have not a son spot , or a pain about me . I am now enabled toble $ and praise God for his mercies in bringing to li ght such a restorative health and soundness of body . \ am not like the same per&oa as I was a year ag » being so much altered for the better . All these cures have been effected ia me , by the aj . of PARR'S LIFE PILLS . And lastly . —I believe them to be , aeafeprevent * , tive of the Bowel Complaint , for , neither I nor mj wife have had it , since taking them ; she having f ^ quently had it previous . I am , Gentlemen , your hnmble Servant , R . W . RICHARDSON , Schoolmaster . Red Lion-street , Walsall , Staffordshire , January 30 th , 1843 . Witness . —R . Richardson , his present wife , cu vouch to his being afflicted as above , for more thja 22 years . Note . —You are at liberty to make nse of tk above statement , in any way you please ; I am read ; \ o answer any question put to me relating thereto , R . W . R . Messrs . T . Roberts and Co ., London To Mr . James Arthur , Bookseller , Rickergate , Carlisle . Sib , —I cannot refrain from expressing the deep gratitude I feel , for th& great benefit I have derived from taking Parr ' s Life Pills . For the space of eighteen months I was seriously afflicted with t complaint of the stomach , accompanied with seven pain and flatulency . During that time I had much medieal advice , and was a patient at the Carlisle Dispensary , for six months , but without deriving the slightest benefit whatever . I also tried seven ] patent medicines , but without experiencing as ; benefit . I was worn out to a complete skeletoi ' —had a severe cough and spit , and was also trouble ] ] with Diabetes , and had no hope of ever recover . ing ; fortunately , however , I was informed by song : of my neighbours , of the great benefit they had it . rived from Parr ' s Life Piils , purchased from yon ; I accordingly agreed to give them a trial . I did m , and during the last eighteen months , I have tabs about twelve boxes , which have been attended wiii the most happy results . I am now quite well ia health , and am labouring very long hours . I har » considered it my duty to recommend this excellent medicine to others , and am happy to be able to state that it has been attended in many cases , with veij favourable results . I remain , Sir , your obedient Servant , JOHN DAVIDSON , Slaymaker , Rigg-street , Caldewg&i « Reference can be made to Mr . James Ahthci Bookseller , Rickergate , Carlisle , who can bear to * timony as to the great benefit derived by many others from taking the above-named medicine . Carlisle , Oot . lith , 1843 . The following letter , just received by the PropnV tors from tbe Rev . David Harrison , Independent Minister , Whitstable , near Canterbury , is a further proof of their efficacy incases of Indigestion , Livei » and Stomach Complaints , Sec , See .: — Whitstable , Sept . 5 , 1842 . , "Mi Dear Friend . ] " 1 received the box of PARR'S LIFE PIL 15 you so kindly sent me , for which I beg you to accept my best thanks . They could not have come more , opportunely , as I was suffering considerably froa indigestion at the time . I immediately commenced taking the pills , and found great benefit in a few days . I have taken them subsequently , with the same happy effect , which induces me to believe tbt they are an exceedingly beneficial remedy in indigestion . A friend of mine has found them of great utility in an obstinate liver complaint . If my recommendation can be of any service , you are at libeitj to use it as you please . " I am , my dear friend , " Yours , very truly , " DAVID HARRISON . " Ftom Mr . D . Cusions . Hornoastle . Horncastle , Sept . 30 , 1842 . Gentlemen A most extraordinary Case of Care communicated , by Mrs . Moxon , of York . Mrs . Mathers , of that City , had for many yean been affected with a most inveterate disease , whieb her medical attendants pronounced to be Cancer . It originated in her breast , and continued to spread nearly all over her body , defying every effort of surgical skill . Parr ' s Life Pills being recommended to her , she resolved to give them a trial ; and , speaking of the result , she says she cannot express the inconceivable adoantage which she has already derived from them . She further states that she is now almost well , aud asoribes her convalescence solely to the persevering use of that sovereign medicine , Pair ' s Life Pills . Communicated by Mr . Bawden . Gentlemen , —At the request of Mr . Thomas Barret , Farmer , of Menally , parish of St . Veep , Conv j wall , I send you the enclosed , and beg to state that you are quite at liberty to publish it , if you think proper to do so . Since I have been yonr agent , I have received numerous testimonials of the benefit PARR'S LIFE PILLS have conferred upon th » afflioted . I remain , Gentlemen , respectfully , H . BAWDEN , Chemist and Druggist . Fowley , Cornwall , Gentlemen , —I feel it a duty I owe you to express my gratitude for the ereat benefit I have derived if taking PARR'S LIFE PILLS . I applied to your agent , Mr . Bawden , Chemist and Druggist , Fowleji for Parr ' s Life Pills , for a Swelling I had in mf Groin , which extended to my ancle ^ and I conld scarcely walk from the pain and swelling . It arow about an inch in thickness , descending in a line from the top to the bottom of my leg , and was quite black and painful to the touch . After three boxes of PARR'S LIFE PILLS , it quite disappeared , and I have not bad a return of it since ; I am determined not to be without them , for I shall always harea box continually in the house , in readiness for any complaint with which I may in future bo afflicted . I remain , Gentlemen , Your moat obedient Servant , THOMAS BARRET , Of Menally , Parish of St . Veep , Cornwall . Cirencester , Ja » . 1 , 18-& Gentlemen , —The wonderful effects of PARR' * LIFE PILLS have been felt by the poorer class ** in the parish of Cirenceeter . Scarcely a family f" ** what has taken them , one and all declare the wonderful efficacy resulting from their nse . In fact , it is gratifying to me to say to the Proprietors of tkfl Pills , my sale increases daily . Some days I sell 58 boxes . Yours , W . WHITE . Agent for Cirencester . Many persons , after learning that so many wen * derful cures have been effected by PARR'S LIFa PILLS have a great desire to procure the medicine which has done so mueh good . In doing this , however , caution must be observed , as certain indiTi * duals without honesty , are offering a dangsroo * aubeitute , in&tead of the genuine medicine , iw proprietors oannot , of course , be accountable for'MJ untoward results that may ensue , to those who nat 8 been thus imposed upon , but they can point o » an effectual means to prevent further imposition . CAUTION—BEWARE OP IMITATIONS . ' . Iu order to protect the public from imitat ' tona , the Hon . Commissioners of Stamps have ordered toe words Pabr ' s Life Pills to be engraved on tw Government Stamp , which is pasted round the sides of each box , in white letters on u red grout ** Without this mark of authenticity they are spurious and an imposition ! Prepared by the Proprietors , T . Roberts ' and Co ., 9 , Crane Court , Fleet-street j London ; and sold wholesale by their appointment by E . Edwards , 57 , St . Pauls , also by Barclays ana Sons , Farringdon-street , and Suttsn and Co ., po Churchyard ; Seld by Joshua Hobson , No rijff Stmr Office , Leeds ; and at 3 , Market Walk , Haddersfield ; and retail by at . least one agent m every town in the United Kingdom , and by most respectaW » dealers in medicine . Price Is . ljd ., 2 s . 9 d ., &na family boxes 11 s . each . . Full . directions are givw with each box .
Untitled Ad
Messrs . Perry and Co have removed their Estab lishment from Birmingham to No . 19 , Berners-street Oxford-street t London . THB THIRTEENTH EDITION . Just Published , Price 2 s . 6 d ., in a sealed envelope , and sent { Free to any part of the United Kingdom on the receipt of a Post Office Order for 3 s . Sd , THE SILENT FRIEND , A MEDICAL WORK on the INFIRMITIES of the GENERATIVE SYSTEM ,, in both sexes ; being an enquiry into the concealed cause that destroys physical energy , and the ability of mankood , ere vigour has established her empire twith Observations on the baneful effects of SOLITARY INDULGENCE and INFECTION ; local and constitutional WEAKNESS , NERVOUS IRRITATION , CONSUMPTION , and on th * partial or itotal EXTINCTION of the REPRODUCTIVE POWERS ; with means of restoration : the destructive effects of Gonorrhsea , Gleet , Stricture , and Secondary Symptoms are explained in a familiar manner ; the Work is Embellished with Engraving ^ representing the deleterious influence of Mercury on the skin , by eruptions on the head , face , and body ; with approved mode op cube for both sexes ; followed by observations on the Obligations of MARRIAGE , and healthy perpetuity ; with directions for the removal of certain Disqualifications : the whole pointed out to suffering humanity as a " SILENT ; FRIEND" to be consulted without exposure , and with assured confidence of success . Bt R . and L . PERRY , and Co ., Consulting Surgeons , London . Published by the Authors ; sold by Heatsn , and Buckton , Briggate , Leeds ; Strange , Paternosterrow ; Fieldj 65 , Quadrant , Regent-street ; Purkis , Comptou-street , Soho , London : Guest , 51 , Ballstreet , Birmingham ; and by all booksellers in town and country . THE CORDIAL BALM OF SYR 1 ACUM . Is a gentlestimulantand renovator oftheimpaired functionsof life , and ie exclusively directed to the cure of such complaints as arise from a disorganization of the Generative System , whether constitutional or acquired , loss of sexual power , and debility arising from Syphilitic disease ; and is calculated to afford decided relief to those who , by early indulgence in solitary habits , have weakened the powers of their system , and ; fallen into a state of chronic debility , by which the constitution is left in a deplorable state , and that nervous mentality kept up which places the individual in a state of anxiety for the remainder of life . The consequences arising from this dangerous practice , are not confined to its pure physical result , but braach to moral ones ; leading tho excited deviating mind into a fertile field of seducive error , — into a gradual but total degradation of manhood—into a pernicious application of those inherent rights which nature wisely instituted for the preservation of her species ; bringing on premature decripitude , and all the habitudes of old age . Constitutional weakness , sexual debility , ob 3 tinate gleets , excesses , irregularity , obstructions of certain evacuations , total impotenoy and barrenness are effectually removed by this invaluable medicine . Sold in Bottles , price 11 s . each , or the quantity of four in oae Family bottle for 33 s ., by which one 11 s . bottlo is saved . Prepared only by Messrs . PERRY & Co ., Surgeons , 19 , Bernera-street , Oxford-street ? London . None are genuine without the signature of R . and L . PERRY and Co . impressed in a stamp on the outside of each wrapper to imitate which is felony of the deepest dye . The Five Pound cases , ( tho purchasing of which will be a saving of one pound twelve shillings ;) may be had as usual at 19 , Berners-street , Oxford-street , London , Patients in the country who require a course of this admirable medicine , should seud Five Pounds by letter , which will entitle them to the full benefit of such advantage . May be had of all Booksellers , Druggists , and Patent Medicine Venders in town and country throughout the United Kingdom , the Continent of Europe and ; America , of whom may be had the " Silent Fbienb . " MessTs . PERRY expect when consulted by letter , the usual fee oae pound , without which , no notice whatever can be taken of the communication . Patients are requested to be as minute as possible in the detail of their cases . PERRY'S ; PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS , Price 2 s . 9 d ., 4 s . 6 d ., and 11 b . per box , ( Observe the signature of R . and L . PERRY and Co . on the outside of each wrapper ) are well knewn throughout Europe and America , te be the most certain and effectual cure ever discovered for every stage and symptom of a certain disease , in both sexes , including Gonorrhsea , Gleets , Secondary Symptoms , Strictures , Seminal Weakness , Deficiency , and jail diseases of the Urinary Passages , without loss of time , confinement , or hindrance from business . They have effected the most surprising cures , net only in recent and severe cases , but when salivation and all ® ther means have failed ; they remove Scorbutic Affections , Eruptions on any part of the body ; Ulcerations , Scrofulous or Venereal Taint , being ] calculated to cleanse the bjood from all foulness , ' counteract every mwbid affection , and restore weak and emaciated constitutions to pristine health and vigour . Messrs . Perry and Co ., Surgeons , may be consulted as usual , at | 19 , Berners-atreet , Oxford-street , London , punctually , from Eleven in the Morning until eight in the Evening , and on Sundays from Eleven till Oae . Only one personal visit is required from a country patient , to enable Measrs . vPerry and Co ., to give suck advice as will be the means of effecting a permanent and effectual cure , after all . other means have proved ineffectual . * N . B . Country Druggists , Booksellers , Patent Medicine Venders , See . can be supplied with any quantity of Perry's Purifying Specific Pills , and Cordial Balm of Syriaoum , witb the usual allowance to the Trade , by most of the principle Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses in London . Sold | bylMi . Hkason , 7 , Briggate , Le&ds >
" ≪Lt≫? €Ontm\Mt Af Aslant! " Laws ?Rine The Poor, And Rich Men Rale The Law!"
" < Lt >? € ontm \ mt af aslant ! " Laws ? rine the poor , and rich men rale the law !"
Untitled Article
THE DBESS-MAKERS OF LONBON * In & late No . nt the Edinburgh Review , the tSSdition o ? the above clacs U inquired into , the reviewer quoting largely from the report recently pablisbed by the Parliamentary ComnuMionets appointed to inquire into the Occupations of Children and Yonng Persons . The reviewer dlirms and makes good t > J evidence , that the troret abuses of the oihar employment *—lace-maiing in Nottingham , coal m ' nteg in Scotland , and nail making at Willenhall—are eq > i * Ued or iurpossed "by the habitual cruelties in the Millinery EskteHthments in London .
. Fifteen thousand women , buject to the laws of England , j ars compelled , during the fashionable season of f onr > moBihs in eacfe year , to -work regularly fifteen—fre- j qaently eighteai , and sometimes even more than ; twtnty hours *» 4 ay ! Health ^ suffers severely , and the ¦ sight is sometimes lost , frcm this unnaturally pro- j tracted toiL Drawing-roods , fctes , weddings , and znonrsinfs , "ore the Immediate erases of tbe most grievoss excesses . The -wealthier classes of London , and especially the females of those classes , are , it \ ron . W » et » , the unrelenting task-mistresses for whose i pleasure -or conTenitDcs human nature i » thus out- > I | i | 1 I !
The portion of tbesa instructive volumes , says the j lCTie ~ -er , which describes the condition x > f the yonng i ¦^ ronres employed aa ' millinera and mantua-makers in , ¦ oar-great cities , awl especially in London , is , how- j « rer , TJiat which ha 3 left the moat painful imprtssion i ¦ upon our minds--Rot only becausa the work of these j unfortunate girls is of all the most severe and unre-^ nitting—nor because it is inflicted exdwively upon ! the -weaker aex , -and at a period of life the roost sits- ¦ ¦ ceptible of iujmy from OTeratrained exertion—nor yet ; because the excess of labour ( with all its pernicious and j ! ! j | | , ' . i ,
• fatal results ) , is endured in the service , and inflected in ¦ eseention of the orders , of a class whose own exemption -from toil and privation should make them scrupulously careful not' to increase , causele » dy or selfishly , the ¦^ ofls and prirations of their less-favoured fellow- creatures—a class , too , many of whom have been con--spieuously loud in denouncing the cruelties of far more Tenial offenders , and in expressing aaemewhat clamor--008 and overacted sympathy with sufferings which cannot for a moment be compared in severity with those which are every day inflicted on the helpless of J "their own kx , in ministering to their own factitious 4 &d capricious wants .
= The following extracts will show that we are guilty -of no exaggeration . ( IL , pp . 114—122 ) : — " -622 It is estimated that then are in London , in the -millinery and dressmaking business , at least 1500 employers , and that the nnmber of young people engaged hj each employer varies from two or three to twenty-- £ ve or thirty-five—the average in each ' establishment being about ten , making in the -whole 15 , 000 ; but this -dees not include journey-women who work at their own teases , of whom also there are great numbers .
" 623 In some of what are considered the best-regulated establishments , during the fashionable season , occupying about four months in the year , the regular hours of work are fifteen ; but on emergencies , which frequently recur , these heurs extesd to eighteen . In many -establishments the hours of work , during the season , are unlimited , the young women never getting more than six , often not more than" ^ our , sometimes only -three , and occasionally net more than two hours for rest * od skep out of the twenty-four ; and very frequently they trork all sight .
" ' 425 Miss O'Neil , T 7 « lbeck-streat , an employer , ays— ' In the spring season the hours of -work are unlimited . The common hours are from six , a . in-, till twelve at night j sometimes from four , ajn ., till twelve . Baa often worked from six am ., till twelve at night for two or three months together . It is not at all uncommon , especially in the dressmaking , to work all night ; Just in the drive of the season , the work is occasionally continued all night three times a week . Has worked herself twice is the week all night In some houses which profess to study the haaltb of their young people , 4 £ ey begin at four , a . m ., and leave off at eleven , p-m ., never earlier . Has heard there are houses in London ¦» hieh work on Sundays . *
"¦ 62 B . 5 n » s , manager , ' has been ten yeara a first hand , which signifies the party who takes the superintendence of the business , as overlooker of the joung persons , cutter-oat of the work , Jtc . The common hours of business are from eight , a . m ., to eleven , pjn ., in the winter ; in Ihe summer from six or halfpast sir , a . a ., till twelve at night During the fashionable aeason , that is from April to the end of July , it frequently happens that the work goes on for twenty hours out of the twenty-four , occasionally ail night Bvery season in at least > nQf the houses of business , it happens that the young persons occasionally work twenty hours out of the twent ^ four , twice or thrice a week . -On special occasions , such as drawing-room , general mournings , and very freqaeniJy -wedding orders , it is not uncommon to work all night ; has herself worked
twenty hours « nt of the twenty-four for three months together ; at that time she wfs suffering from illness , and the medical attendant remonstrated against the treatment ihe received . He wished witnesa l , remain in bed at least ene day longer , which the employer objected to , required her to get np , and dismissed the surgeon . It frequently happened that the -work was carried on tiil atvtn e ' clock on Sunday morning . If any particular order was to be executed , as mournings or weddings , and they left off on Saturday night at eleven , they worked the whole of Sunday ; thinks thia happened fifteen tiroes in the two years . In consequence of working so late on Sunday morning , oi all that day occasionally , could very rarely go to church , indeed it could not be tboaght of , because they generally rested in bed . "
" 639 . The correctness of these representations is confirmed , among others , by the following medical wit-Besses—Sir James dark , Bart ., Physician to the Queen : * I have found the mode of life of these poor gir ^ s such as no constitution could long bear . Working from six in the morning till twelve at night , with vfee exception of the short intervals allowed for their meals , in close looms , and passing the few hours allowed for rest in still more close and crowded apartments—a mode of life more completely calculated to destroy human health could scarcely be contrived , and this at a period of life » ben exercise in the opes air , and a due proportion of lest , are essential to the development of the sysvem . Judging from what I have observed and heard , I scarcely believe that tLe sys ; em adopted in . ourworstlegulated manufactories can be so destructive of he » lth as the life of tka roane dressmaker . "
" 663 . Of the general treatment and condition of these young people , the sub-commiBsionti reports : — * The evidence of all partita establishes the fact that there is no class of persona in this country , living by their labour , wtose happiness , health , and lr ? es , are * o unBc-upuiouaJy sacrificed as these of the young dressmakers . It may , without exaggeration , ba stated , that , in proportion to the numbers employed , thsre are no occupations , with one or two questionable exceptions , such as needle-grinding , in -which so much disease is produced as in dress-makiujf , or -jrhich . presents © f arfal a catalogue of distressing and frequently fatal maladie * . It ia a Etrious aggravation of all this tvil , that the uckiiidness of the employer very fr » qnently cause * ihuse young persons , whtn they become unwell , to conceal their illness from the fear of being Bent out of the house ; i nd in this manner the disease often becomes increased in severity , or ia even rendered incurable . Some of the principals are so cruel as to oljcct to the young women obtaining medical assistance .
The following touching picture of the suff , rings of this unhappy class of veritable slaves , occasioned by the thoughtless cruelty of the tinselled dames of fashion , is from the pen of Mrs . S . O . Hall . None better sifttd than this whole-kearteg woman , to " depict the throng of evils and sorrows that darken around the social position of YorTiG Mj : li , i ;> : e : bs JiSto Dbsssmakees . — " The damp hair and pallid features of cur young miilincrs and dressmakers , might have told us long ago—at Jeast Gsring the season of Jong-and almost sleepless hours- th :-t they were taxed beyond their strength ; and we were ofsen very & « rry , very sorry indeed for Oiem . We said tfety aat up too late , and perhaps rose too early . We observed to Madame , ' with overflowing humanity , that the work-room iw » peeped into it
through the glass doors ) seemed ill-ventilattd ; and we frequently perhaps inquired after one ' young penon * or another , -whose grace and loveliness created an intersst in her favour . We heard she waB gone home , Of gone to the country . She was ' , however , forgotten after one or two more Tisits to the benatifnl showrooms ; ' for other girls , as gentle and as pleasing and ¦ lore fresh , bad taken the place of cur faTourites , and so we caree airay , oeIj inMsriug that ocr order . giten on Tuesday afternoon , iftcuid be complelccL iy Wedxeiday evening . 'Madame' shrugged and ie-Bonsiratwl a liUIe—jatt a very little . She Baid tbty Were very busy—had ntvs * bctn se bn > y — -R'tre up ail night ,, and had beta so for the last six ¦ weeks—that fcverybody * wanted their drefiies in such haste ; and if ecerybody wanted their dresses in such haste , -why should not we have our order executed
to the time ? We repeated feur instructions in a . tone which csnTinced "Madame" that if the failed , she Slight lose oar custom ; and , of course that beir . g the alternative , she had only to curtsey and promise . The const qaaice of this want of consideration was another sleepless night to the worn-ont girla with wi : » m we bad sympathised ; and yet , if this truth did occur to bs , we consoled caraelves with the idea , that our drefiE—our single dress , could not make much difference . ' "We could have ordered it two or three days before , tut the weather was too hot or too eold to get ont , or we were detained by visitors—or , * t an events , whether we ordered the dress or not conld make but
little difference ; and dressmaker * are so unpunctual that we were obliged to say we wanted it a day sooner t&an we really did . How Tery , Tery angry we would 5 b , if told that , in saying we required it-one day , when leally we did not want it till another , tre had been guilty t > f falsthood ! And how our heaiu would have rttelled iiaccused of cruelty . If any ote Lad told us that ve we were gwilty of cruelty towards tfcese young giik ¦ whom Tte would have drawn wide onr puj se-itringa to assist , ¦ whom we would have given te eat tf our bread and drink ot cut cup , if it hsd been tcid ub that to doing would Berve them , how indignant weilunld Itare felt ! though , perhaps , at the tame nomtm , the
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Vrocide - «* b iremUing in Ibeii damp and jleodtt fingers , and they could hardly open their ? earled and aching eyes ; and , but for the haste our thbugbtlesaoeis had insisted on , they wo » ld have enjoyedVfewionra of the refreshing sleep , which , tf we l&sfc but fojr , a siDgle nighty our temples tirob and onr pnlBea 4 HfcSeD - and we complain of the long midnigkt hour ! , -lacking rest Our thoughtlessness ( to call it by no harsher namel occasioned a practical cruelty to a fellow creature . We did not intend this ; but we cause a great deal which we do not intend . A little consideration will prove that we are great gainers by looking steadily
in the face , looking beyond the present into the future , which iso rapid is the flight of time ) becomes the pre-Bent while we are talking . The poor dressmakers have , however , found many to advocate their cause ; &nt the t grand redresser of evils is the public . The vttdisle , jf eatabliBbedreputation , will always find yoang persr / DB > driven by necessity to the sacrifice , to work during the long hours , to the destruction of health , both of , body and mind , if ladies dv not give sufficient lime for Oie complelion of their orders . Thia is the great poinW ; and it is marvellouB , -when come to be Betiously thor ^ gi . t upon , that one female vcill endctKfer thehcilth of ceiotfier by a simple want of consideration . "
PRISON HORRORS . Modei Prison at Spriitofield , Essex . —We are indebted to that -warm-hearted philanthropist Mr . Frederick Figon for the following astounding expose . \ At the Essex Quarter Sessions , held early in this aontb , the following dreadful description &f £ pringfield , the cbirf jail of tost county , was read , and it did sot appear to cause as much abhorrence and execratton among the Magistrates and gentlemen there assembled as its perusal will probably call forth from our readers . The prison inspectors thus report of it in November , 1-8 * 3 , they having , during the seven preceding years , made the same awful representation ; and
j ; ¦ ' < ; having made it in vain , they form their last indictment in the shape of a * pecial report to the Secretary of j State ;—i " In the course of our inspection from cell to cell , we : found several prisoners confined to their beds , under } medical treatment , aad in almost every inWADSe their disease was scurvy . We confined our examination to ' the convicted prisoners , as the disease in question has I not appeared among the untried , whose terms of imprisonment are shorter , who have no hard labour , who ; may obUin for themselves food in addition to the prison diet , who are not exposed to cold and conflnei meet in small and ill-ventilated calls to the same extent
as the convicted . By this we ascertained , that tbere was scarcely a convicted priaener who had been in the prison for more -than three months , who was not , or had not been , more or lass affected with scurvy ; and in many cases , as appears to us , to an alarming extent , and to have produced serious and permanent injury to the prisoners' constitutions , la the Infirmary there is only accommodation for ten prisoners ( the numbers in the prison feeing from 100 to 1 , 000 ); it was quite full , and nearly 500 ill ; and there were in addition thirty others , mostly confined to their beds in the ordinary cells , which are txtremely cold , and of the limited dimensions of 8 feet by 6 ^ . Upon communicating to the surgeon the state of the prisoners , hi acknowledged that he was s « t aware of the extent to which thfi
dis-, tress prevailed [ an excellent officer j . although he ( admitted that several prisoners were affected by it The cauMs to which we attribute the prevalence of the i diseases are—insufficient diet , cold vitiated atmosf phere in the small ill-ventilated cells , combined with \ the amount of tread-wheel labour which they are : required to perform . " This is the indictment of the Inspectors , Russell and ' Cawford , and is little more than an iteration of their ' statements since 1 S 36—statements knows , not denied , , but unheeded and nsredressed during all . the lacceeding ; years . After this comes Dr . Short , an inspector lately , appointed , and a medical man . He says , " Ever since 1826 ( almost eighteen years ) , the number of the sick has been upon a much more extensive scale than in any
other establishment of the kind" ( how creditable to this opnlent county ); " coffering from scurvy , and which appeared with unusual severity as early as the following year after its first occupation , and has continued to exist ever since , with more or less severity , varying , bat always worse in winter . " Bowel complaints are frequent , and are occasioned by cold and insufficient clothing . The physician , therefore , respectfully solicits the magistrates to feed their captives better , to give t&em fiinnel , a second pair of stocking ! , and to warm their dungeons of eight feet long by six and halt broad , in order that they may be discharged , not in a state of weakness , but in Buch a state of health and strengtt as will enable them to resume their former occupations for subsistence .
This barbarous treatment hsa laited from the foundation of the gaol , a period of almost eighteen years , in spite of the most urgent remonstrances from the inspectors during seven years , and the suggestions are finally adopted by the compulsory power of the Secretary ot State ; in 1839 the gaol contained 862 prisoners , of whom not less tkan 460 were sick ; in 1840 , 967 , and 468 tick ; in 1841 , 1 , 038 , and' 462 sick ; and in the year 1843 , se much sickness was found in the gaol , that on the report of the inspectors , the Secretary { of the Home-office , we conclude—certainly not the visiting magistrate ) sent down a physician to make inquiries .
Every second man sentenced to six months' confinement in Springfield ( Hoi became a patient and a victim . His fate , indeed , was not the comparative mercy of death ; it was a lingering , painful disease , which inflicted serious and permanent injury on the constitution ; the freed prisoner came ont incapable of earning his bread , and a claimant on the county hospital or the district union . We will here venture to ask how the Justices ventured to commit any man to a prison bo notorious for illneaa as this ? The law directs the offender to the custody of the Sheriff and Gaoler ; but in Essex be was committed , during a series of -years , to the charge of the surgeon and the scurvy . His penalty was not confinement and bard labour , bnt disease , huager , and debility . The Constitution knows no such punishment , which may last for life ; but the Quarter Sessions frequently , and during seventeen or eighteen years , awarded it
We can fancy a dialogue of this kind * : — " Where do you come from ?—Springfield gaol . What reduced yon to this pitiable condition ? The scurvy . —What were you committed for ? Killing a bare . —Who Bent you to prison 1 Your Honour . —What induced you to poach } Hanger . I iras driven to it ; my family was starving ; I bad no work . —Well , I hope that Will be a warning to you , and that you will return to regular industry ? I shall never do another day ' s work as long as I live ; my strength is gone , and I shan't trouble the parish loug . —I am sorry for you ; here is something to help you , it cannot be helped now . Tell me , were" there any more sick in the gaol ? About four or five hundred ; there never is no less all * he winter . "
Effects of the Solitakt System . —From an excellent article in tbe Times commenting on the above horrible disclosures , we extract the following remarks on the " solitary system : "— "We cannot tnrn from this subject without expressing our conviction , that though Dr . Short , in the Seventh Report of the Inspectors of Prisons for the home district , attributes the great siek-Bess prevailing at Springfield chit fly to cold , to low ditt , and to insufficient clothing , there was also another cause at work , which he and his colleagues in office somehow or other contrived to oveilook , and that cause is the mental depression arising from solitary confinement in its cold and ill-ventilated cells . In the year 1842 1 , 221 persons were confined in that prison . Of £ nat number 118 were sentenced by courts of justice to
solitary confinement Moreover , 102 persons were sent into dark cells , and 46 « persons into solitary cells , during that period for pruon offences , of which some appear perfectly ludicrous , and out of all proportion to the seventy of the punishment inflictf d for them ; as , for instance , for whistling , for talking , toi making si £ Ds , for singing , for misconduct at school , for having a knife , for having a chive ( qu . what iB a chive ?) , and for not having a clean shirt Now , that priaoa contains 210 cells , which are 9 feet high , but only 8 feet in length by 6 | feet in breadth ; and 14 cells , which are of the same height as tbe others , bnt more spacious , being 14 feet in Jength and 8 in breadth . It ia , therefore , quite evideat from a comparison of the Dnmber of cells with the Dumber of persons doomed to solitary
confinement in them , that a majority of persons so doomed must have suffered that horrible punishment in these petty cribs of stone , which Mr . Crawford and Mr . Russell have so repeatedly condemned and denounced . It likewise apppears from I > r . Short ' s report , thai prisoners sentenced to solitary confinement for any period not exceeding fourteen dajb were con Cm d to their cell , unless air and exercise were ordered them by their surgeon ; and that prisoners sentenced to one month ' s solitary confinement passed tbe first seven days in a cell , after which they were allewed — O , mighty indulgence!—to walk in the passage , about fifty feet Ion ; , from ten o ' clock in the forenoon t 6 twelve at noon , tut were locked up , aa before , during all tbe rest of their imprisonment We ask any man ot common sense , whether it is possible that bodily health —we say nothing now of mental health—can r « main
uninjured under such hopeless , helpless , and companionless captivity ? A paragraph in our paper of yesterday proves , beyond all dispute , thai Solitary imprisonment , e ^ tn in such comparatively comfortable cells as those of Pentonville , and with all the exercise in the open air there allowed to the prisoners , is most detrimental imd injurious to the bodily health , even of thqee convicts who are seleeted to ' enduro it on account of their age , their strength , and their vigour of constitution . An inqae&t was held on Thursday last npon a young man of the name of LawBoo , who was lately removed ' as incurable * from the Model Prison , to the hulks at Woolwich , Di . Bossey , the senior surgeon to the dockyard and arsenal , deposed "» that there bad been thirty and forty oonvicta *— a large propoition oat of 500— * .
" ' Seat down to the bulks in the hope that change of air and scene might recite thtm . ' Some of thejary remarked , that ¦ out of about forty prisoners sent froia the Model Prison to the convict ships at Weolwich y&y few were likely to £ urvive , their appearance being so dreadfully attenuated and reduced . Indeed , they believed all would fail a prey to the horrors of solitary and close confinement * " The same frightful increase of mortality arising from the Bame cause—namely , solitary confinement , iB observable in the Eastern Penitentiary at Philadelphia ; and this is not attributable to any unhealthiness in the site of the prison—quite the reverse—for Mr . Russell informs ub , in the observations npoa Mr . Crawford ' s
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report upon the A Met \ c ^ Q penitentiaries , which he tendered to the Lo- ^' committee of 1835 ( First B « port , page 40 ) , that" ' The site ^ Eastern Penitentiary la elevated , and the situs' aon iB healthy .. It ia built on a gradually rising grour d about tw 0 mllea aaa a ^ n ftom the banks of t » je p 8 iaware . Tbere is no low and marshy ground d < ^ tbe building . The atmosphere is dry and clear , & id j ^ gjg Bre no mwmfactorie 8 near to impair ita Balubr . ty . The locality of the Eastern Penitentiary is 80 h' jaltby that it has been specially selected by the cltv of Philadephia for the erootion of a State Colle > / e . '
"¦ Surely these are facts which which will make the most determined advocates of the solitary system pause , before they proceed fuither with their ciuel experiment upon the powers of human endurance . At the risk even of being tedious , we will submit to them two extracts from tbe 17 th Annual Report of the Prison Discipline Society of Boston , printed in 1842 , and shall leave them to produce , their effect without any note or comment ef our own . The physician of the Penitentiary in New Jersey says In his last report : — " ' The opinions expressed heretofore on tbe effects of solitary confinement are strengthened by every year ' s
experience The more rigidly the plan is carried out , — the more tbe spirit of the law is observed—the more Us effects are visible upon the health of the oonviels . A little more intercourse with each other , and a little more air in the yard , have the effect upon tbe mind and body that warmth has upon the thermometer , almost every degree of indulgence showing a conesponding rise in the health of the individual . That an opinion to the contrary should have been advocated at this time , when the influences that control the animal functions are bo well understood , seems like a determination to disregard science in the support of a mistaken but favourite policy '
—P . 168 . " Again , the inspectors of the New Penitentiary in Rhode Island , where the system of solitary con&nement was introduced about four years ago , say in their report to the Legislature in Octc&er , 1841 , that" The experiment of solitary confinement has not , since this prison has been in operation , proved perfectly satisfactory . They fear tbe eflect is to injure strong minds and to p * oduce imbecility or insanity in those that are weak '"
RECORD OF DESTITUTION . Marlboro * : gh-stebet Police Offi « e . —OnSaturday Mary Connor , a pale skeleton-like young woman , vas called in . She was the wife of a tailor , and had three young children . Her husband was out of work , lying sick . The constable reported that the applicants bore the character of very bard-working , honest people , bnt that they had lately beea reduced to great distress by the inability of tbe husband to work . Mr . Hardwick asked tbe woman if she bad applied for relief to tbe parish ? Woman— O no , Sir . We were certain to be refused out-door relief ; and my husband and myself would rather submit to anything than go into the workhouse with our children and be separated from one another . Mr . Hardwick—How do you usually support yourself ? Woman—My husband is a tailor . We ' . work at making poiice trousers .
Mr . Hardwick—What do you get for making a pair ? Woman—We get lOd . a pair , and find oar own thread and needles . Mr . Hardwick—How long does it take you to make a pair 7 Woman—If a person works bard at it a pair can be made in about nine hours . My husband could do better work if be could get it , but tbere is none to be had . We have frequently worked eighteen hours a day at tbe police trouser work in order to get enough to buy food for ourselves and children . Mr . . Hardwick—Can you get plenty of this sort of work t Woman—O no ; there are hundreds employed on thia work and soldiers' trouser work . We are
obliged to go three or four times to tbe contractor to get the work , and to beg and pray for it as a favour , on account of the numbers of poor peop e who are fighting and struggling with eaoU other to get it ; but soldiers ' trousers work is even worse , for we are only paid fivepence a pair . All w « now want is a few shillings to keep us till my husband gets round again . Mr . Hardwick directed Clements , the usher , to give her six shillings . The next case was that of Mary Hopkinson , seventythree years of age , totally blind , very poor , and with nothing to live upon but what she obtained from her children , who were almost as poor as herself . Half a sovereign was ordered to be given to her .
The third case waa that of Bridget M'Coy , 73 yeara of age , afflicted for thirty-eight years with on abcess , reduced to utter helplessness , with no other bed than a heap of rags , and without any means of subsistence , except from casual charity . This applicant had applied for , and had been refused , out-door relief , and she had been only kept from perishing by the Christian feeling of a lodger , who attended on her without remuneration from inability to see a helpless fellow-creature dying from neglect The police-constable ' s evidence folly proved tbe miserable plight of the wretched old creature . A sovereign was ordered to be given to her . The next case was Sophia Webb , a widow , with three infant children , whose character was so good that several persons to whom she was known had subscribed some small sums towards the purchase of a mangle . Tbere was a sum of fifteen shillings yet unliquidated .
Mr . Hardwick directed the usher to give her a sovereign , and sent away the widow rejoicing . Carlisle . —Dreadfdl Destitution op thb Hakd-Loom Weavers . —On Monday last , a very large meeting of the above-named body took place in tbe Town Hall , ( by permission of tbe Mayor , Robert BenJlo , Esquiro , } to adopt a memorial to Government , setting forth their wretched and degraded condition . Mr . James M'Kei . zie was called to the chair . Mr . J . B . Hanson , as one of tbe Committee who bad been appointed to draw up the memorial , came forward , aud , after some appropriate remarks , read it to the meeting , and moved ita adoption ; which , being duly seconded , was put to the chairman , and carried . Tbe following iB the memorial : — MEMORIAL OF THE HAND-LOOM WEAVERS OP THE
BOROtGU OF CARLISLE . To the Bight Honourable W . E . Gla&ime , President of the Board of Trade . Tour memorialists have considered it a duty Which they owe to themselves , and those dependant on their exertions for a subsistence , to lay their wretched aud destitute condition before yon , with a hope that you will lay the same before the other members of her Majesty's Government , and cause an Immediate inquiry to be made into tbose circumstances which bave caused such nnparallele 4 suffering and destitution amongst your memorialists ; with a view of applying such remedies as the result of such an investigation may warrant yon in adopting .
Yonr memorialists have been the more anxious to pursue this course , in consequence of the measures of fiscal and general policy , which you bave already brought into active anA beneficial operation , and tbe strong desire which you have expieased on ¦ various occasions to make every inquiry into tbe condition of the working classes with a yiew , if possible , to remove their present suffering . Your memorialists have only to lay before you a number of indisputable facts , to prove , to your entire Bitisfaction , that within a period of about twenty years , they bave been reduced from a state of comparative comfort and happiness , to one of absolute misery and starvation ; and which , if much lunger continued , must necessarily produce a frightful mass of ignorance , immorality , degradation , and crime . Your memorialists will now lay before you the following conclusive facts , which will fully elucidate their former , as compared with their present condition .
In the year 1818 tbe weaving of a 1200 gingham of 70 porteni , or 40 inches wide , and 28 yards to tbe cut , or piece , was paid with the sum of nine shillings . In 1843 , precisely the same fabric web 42 yards long , and paid with only sta shillings and ninepence , being a reduction , considering tbe difference in the length of tbe piece , of just one half or 50 per cent From tbla it is clear , if a band-loon weaver in 1818 , could earn fourteen shillings per week , that in 1843 he could only earn seven shillings per week , a sum totally inadequate to Bupply the wants and necessities of a single individual , not to mention those of a wife and family .
In the year 1838 a Commission of Inquiry into the condition of the band-loom weavers , was instituted by the Government , when it waa shown before Mr . Maggeridge , tbe commissioner , who visited Carlisle , that tbe average earningB of a band-loom weaver ( after all necessary deductions were made ) did not amount to more than six shillings per week . Your memorialuta then thought that , their cup of misery was filled to oveifiowing , and that no farther reduction could possibly take place in their miserably low rate of wages ;
but in this notion they are grieved to Bay they have been most woefully disappointed . Yes , Buch has been the recklesa spirit of competition , that since that period tbe following heavy reduction has taken place . In 1838 , at tbe time tbe Commission was held in Carlisle , a 1 , 000 gingham of seventy-four portens , or fifty-two inches wide and sixty yards to tbe cut or piece , was paid with tbe sum ef nine shillings . Now , tbe very same fabric , sixty-two yards per cut , or piece , is paid with seven shillings and eightpence ; being a redaction of about 15 per cent
To prove to you that this wretched state of things was clearly foreseen and pointed out , by some of the wisest legislators thatever lived ia thb country , as likely to take place , without Government protection to labour being afforded , we would direct your particular attention to the following striking portion of evidence , from tbe report of the Select Committee on tbe Hand-loom Weaver ' s Petitions , August 4 th , 1834 , at page 435 , examination ot Richard Needham : — " Ycu think the question of the regulation of wages one of the moat important for the well-being of the country that tbe legislature can entertain ? I am satisfied of it ; from the opinion of one of tbe greatest men that ever lived in this country , tbe late Right Hon . William Pitt . I was deputed with Mr . Robert Thorpe , now living , to wait upon that gentleman ; we waited ; upon him , and ia tbe course of conversation , he said : Has not the Chancellor of tbe Exchequer been saving , that sour . wagea mustJ , nevertfbe 4 any higher V
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I said , he bad stated it was bis opinion that we should ? ever get any more wages , bat that tbe little we bad should be secured by good and wboleaoma laws . Mr . Addington , now Lord SWmouth , declared that the little we bad should be secured by good and wholesome Jaws ; and that little Instead of being secured by good and wholesome laws , has come dswn from 24 s . to 5 s . 6 d . " "What was called ' the little you had' was 24 s ., and that is reduced to 5 s . 6 d ? Yes ; it was in consequence of this declaration that Mr . Pitt put the question , ' Had not Mr . Addington sajd so V We said he bad . He said tbe time will came , and 'tis not far distant , when all your habits will be changed , when you bave left your linen and linsey-woolsey manufactures , and your
small farms are destroyed , and the population absorbed in the cotton trade of Lancashire . Then said be , ' A villain in a town like Bolton , by setting a wicked example , will be followed by thejrest , not because they wish to do it , but because they are forced to do it ; then the legislature must bestir itself , and If tbey are not sitting , they must instantly be summoned , to put an end to this nefarious practice . " And , said be , ' Thu moment they assemble , that moment the thing must be done , or you will give your trade away , not sell it ; you will give it away to France and America ; tbey will receive you witb open arms . Every man loves bis country , but goad an Englishman , and tell him he cannot live comfortably in bis own country , and he will then sell bis country . '"
Some of your memorialists bave made a careful and minute Investigation of the present earnings of the body , by taking tbe work done by a number of the most steady , active , and regular workmen , for a number of weeks , and bave found that their average earnings , working to fifteen hours per day , do not amount , ( after all necessary deductions are made ) to more than from four to sim shillings p * r vKek . That , in the town and immediate neighbourhood of Carlisle , there are nearly three tbeusand humau beings , out of a population of 22 , 000 , almost wholly dependant on this branch of industry for a subsistence ; consequently a considerable portion of the population must be steeped in the most abject poverty and pining want .
Your memorialists have no hope of relief from an increase of trade ; for such is the reck / ess spirit of competition— th * unbounded cupidity of the master manufacturers , and the immense and unlimited powers of machinery , thai they cannot even entertain a hope on that head . Moreover , your memorialists are at present all fully employed , wbioh tbey could only be under any circumstances In conclusion , your memorialists have now simply laid before you » correct statement of facts , as regards their deplorable condition , without presuming to suggest any remedy for their present unparalleled suffering ; but leave their case entirely in your hands , with a hope that vo * will cause au immediate and searching inquiry to be made into tbe cause or causes that have produced such a frightful mass of social and physical suffering , amongst ) so numerous a body of her Majesty's subjects .
Patriotic Tales ! Prich Threepence—No. 1,
PATRIOTIC TALES ! Prich Threepence—No . 1 ,
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2 TFj NORTHERN STAR February 3 , 1844
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 3, 1844, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1250/page/2/
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