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EMIGRATION . —CO-OPERATION . The readers of the Star wil ] remember , that some ^ jort time ago we gave tke Notes of x Tour tbrtmgh % good portion of the United States and Canada , bj Mr . L . Pitkethlj , of Hiddersfield . Those Notes were valnable indeed to the intending emigrant ; for they set before him , in a plain anvarnisbed Banter , the difficulties and obstacles which ¦ woul d a ttend the execution of his project , and the hope , and indeed cerlainty , that , by proper arrangements , he might better hi 3 condition , if he was endowed with the necessary enduring powers for the first iiart-fffin his new existence . Aaongst other things , Jlr . Pitkethly developed a plan of Co-operative Xffligration , by means of a Society for such parpo ? e , which conld be framed to secure for the Emigrants advantages otherwise
nnaitainable to ninety-nine hnndredths of them , Tise idea , originally thrown ont by Jlr . Fitkethly , has kcea sailed upon by a gf ntleman who has had ranch experience in the United States of America ; who knows the peculiarities attending Emigration ; the hardships and privations to be encountered ; the * Tillany to be jjuarded against ; the > fants and requirements when arrived at the destined spot : one who knows in fact , the whole course of Emigration , the causes of its suecess and of its failnre . This gentleman , a member of the Society of Pxiends , hiving ibns embraced the general idea of co-operation for Emigration purposes , has somewhat systematized the plan . We have had communications -from him , addressed to Air , Pitkethly in the Slar « n former occasions ; and we now present the leader with one , in which the -writer enters much into detail , axd gives valuable information .
While on this question of Emigration , we may take occasion to say that the disclosures made by Jlr . Pitkethly in his Jsote 3 and Advice , of the heartless system of extortion and fleecing to which the unsophisticated Emigrant has been subjected , and by which hundreds bare been cruelly robbed , have attracted attention in influential quarters ; and that measures are likely to be perfected which will enable th « Emigrant , with less than ordinary prudence , to E ' . eer clear of the shake * which abound at both ends of the voyage . A most respectable bonse in Jsew York , the famed firm of Harnden and Co ., have determined to take the qaestion up ; and fay introducing a better class of packet-ships , at fixed , and uniform rates , with fixed and certain times for railing , good regulations on board , and with arrangements to ferward the passengers to almost any portion of the States on the arrival of the vessel ,
prevent the necessity of the emigrant coming in contact with those who hover on the quays , and beset on every haad , to swindle and cheat . Wnen this arrangement is completed , the cost of transport from Liverpool to the several poris of the United Steles can be correctly ascertained , for both passengers and luggag *; and from thence to almost any portion of that immense territory ; and the fare can is paid either at the office in Liverpool , or on arrival at Hew York or Boston Trustworthy agents are to be appointed at each end , to instraet and protect the passengers ; and every means provided to secure the comfort and welfare of the Emigrant . This the house in qaestion can well accomplish ; for , from the extent of their business , and the wellestablished respectability of the firm , the means are within their own power ; and if they undertake It , regard alone to their own character will cause them to see that their arrangements are fully earj i ^ d
The foUowinx ia the letter we have promised : — Sctmurtby , near Cockermonth , 12 th mo . 7 tb , 18 * 3-Esteemed FbizM )—Feeling an earnest desire foi the promotion and success of the " British Emigrants ' Mutes ! Aid Society , " and having already devoted much time and attention to the subject in connection -with thyself , and others interested or desirous of carrying oat the plan and objects thereof upon an extensive tncl liberal seals , bo as to meet ihe views and mean * of all whose judgments may be convinced of the utility sod benefit of such project ,-If carried out to the extent and upon the principles already made public by tie Txrioas publications of the "ff * lif » T Society , 1 am desirous of still further , assisting in the completion
or so promising as undertaking . With this otjeci in tiew I now again address tbee , dedicating the experience of many yean which I have had on the American Coutiwnt , with equal pleasure and earnestness to the benefit of my countrymen "who may have the spirit and energy to improve their condition and comfort in life , by so easy a process as removing themselves and fami-Iks to a country where those conditions and comforts are utainable , and certain , if pursued upon a r » tioi ; al sad well organised system of mutual assistance , previous thorough investigation of local circumstances , and a det&snsinitlon to overcome temporary difficulties by BEtiring zeal asd perseverance , as as suited body , yet t £ separate and individual property and pursuits , as by the published rules of the As&ociation doth fully appear .
And first , as regards those whose employment has been the cultivation of the Mil , and -whose whole libour and time has been devoted thereto for a most precarious subsistence ; in many instances to the entire loss of tieir original capital , and in most to a great deterioration or demunition thereof , under a system of eemjetition vrhereby rents of small farms especially have been long paid from capital and not from produce , to the utter ruin , or appTO-icbing min , of thousands ; to such as these , the objects of the Mutual Aid Society are peculiarly applicable whilit some trifling property may yet remain , to them .
As an example how such Eight benefit themselves : Suppose a farm of 100 acrts , at the very moderate rent ( for this country ) of £ 10 * per annum ; tithes and other assessments £ 40 ; all of which must be paid in cash Whatever the state of the market : for Euch a fara we cannot estimate less than £ -100 for capital , for stock , ieed , implements , and household furniture ; the interest whereof at 4 J per cent , £ 18 , though not generally reckoned in a farmers Mtiante , yei ought bo to be , S&s&esta aggregate rent of £ 158 . 2 » ow , if , instead of . paying this sum annually , the individual should p » rchase a lot of land in the Western States of Uorth America , whera he can have Srst-rat * quality , i good climate , and choose his lot at 5 s . 33 per
acre . If he purchase to the extent of his farm in Sagla-d of 100 acres , it will cost him £ 26 5 y , with Government title at Government expense : be thus pays bis rent at otee lor all comic ? time ; and the balance of * hat would have been his one year ' s reot and taxes , to the amount of £ 131 15 s ., will enable him , -with the siutnal help to be derived from the Association , to ruse comfortable cabin , out-houses , and f ences , equal to the necessities of immediate occupation , and support his family until the first crop is raised : thus , for Ifce amount of a single year ' s rent of his present holding he Trill have an estate of equal extent , and greater actual vsJue , his ovrn in perpetuity . After this , the iSEna ! additions of fences , &c , will be scsrctly felt , beesiLsfc he -sill not be necessitated te raise them at 5 e-
cenTecienca ; out gradually , and because he hia no Tee : to toy , absorbing all his menty . The Prairie Linda axe free from wood ; const qaently , file breaking up for culture is comparatively easy . Then , taking his stock , &c , with their increase , and Ms furniture ( reserving beds and bedding to take with fclnj ) , at the moderate sum of £ 400 , as above eitinatrd : from this dednct £ 158 , supposed to be already expended in the purchase cf his land , erecting cabins , ic , leaving him £ 242 to stock his aew purchase with ,
and pay passagtB and expenses out to his new location , Which , if we tsie his family to consist of himself and ¦ wife , viih six children , two of whom suppose to be at bsl ? -rric * for the passage , making seven full passengers , ** say £ 7 each , with provisions to their final destinations , or £ 43 j n tjj e -sriiole : this will leave a sum oi j £ lS 3 to stock his new farm or lot of 1 C 0 acres—having the pnrchase money already paid—the rent fur ever redeemed—and cabin , outhouses , and fences erected , as btfore stated , suitable and t % ual io the necessities % i present occupation .
Bcr « fes and catEe adapted to the ecus try , and good ~ - * specLJ ] y the horses—may be purchased at about fcalf the home price on an average , thcragh implements * ay be eomtt 2 r . Bg higher , on account of the high price of smiths * vrork ; so that he may stock his farm for eonnder&bly Jtss than half of what it would require in Bnfiand , far he is not neceisitat&d to stock it to tbe utmost extent of his keep or feed , in order to squeczs its last farthing for rent and tithts , thfese bring entirely fwestiUfcd b ? his purchase , though soice trifling taxes rettsia , us they Bre unavoidable ia some degree in all Sour-tries ; but he may commence with such a stock as Will suit hi * means , from which he may breed or raise to the ainr . Bnt xtquired , or that his lot of land will S&int&in . To a person who can sfford a full stock it will certainly pay better bo to commence ; bat for limited means What is barely sumdent -will be most adviaa-le .
Xht prairies are in iia ' nral grass , and are frw to the Cattle of the settlers so long as they remain unappropriated . . For the easier completion of the fences , "where the purchase ia made in one large joint lot , the parties may tgK * tortock the land with cattle in proportionate eommonige until the interior division fences can be fflore conveniently got up . These fences , from the abundance of rail wood generally to be had adjoining or convtEient to the prairies , and the quick and easy , yet * Ssctcai maHner in whici they are constructed , will eca > le the settlers to enclose SDffirient quantity for present cultivation at an esay expense , increasing his C&intity annually as his enlarging capabilities require , deducting his stints on the general lot in proportion to Mi fchdoBore therefrom . Th » fences are generally
Whit are called worn fences , being made entirely with Js 2 a , without posts or any ditching , or even railing— ' feeisj ? dimply laid upon j each others ends crosswise , ^* » t g Eifi form to the height required , when the top ije canxiby what ia called a rider which makes all SOfcplete , and will turn all cattle , great and Email , and ven bear a person climbing ever them with great ^ ro ^ es*—and according to the wood they are made Wai , will last , generally . speaking , a life tame , that is jf the original Quality be good ; when they do decay , « is generally the lowest rail first , although laid upon a « toD « m hud woed block at every angle , to keep tflenv * K > B the wound damp ; this decay of the Tx > ttom rail ***** fettling or shrinking cf the feoce , lrhich is «*« % repaired by laying an -additional rail at t © p , re-»» £ ^ **** rider * Ma a 11 " ^^ s * Oiier ^^^ aaoe are , aad « sty be made ; but thess are gfcnerally
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preferred as cheaper , more durable , and easily » pfll *» . Different district * p ? efer one or the other according to circumstances . Is the cultivation of such a ikrm in England at . America , 1 corceive tuch a family as I have instanced , will be fully equal ; consequently no servants wages are calculated . Tha manner of securing the harvest , and the superior climate will operate much in favour of the American firm ; being earlier , there is more length of day , the weather more steady and fine , and the crop not so liable ' to be lodged ; is moie speedily and economically cut down by tha cradle , or Bcythe fitted with a cradle , which universally obtains there , and with practice an active man will cut , according to bis proficiency , from two to-four aeres per day ( others follow and bind ) and much cleaner than is generally done by an indiscriminate collection of hands in England .
Again , their b * y is secured with incomparably less labour than with us here . After being mown , it gets very little more labour bestowed upon it , than a careful turning over with a light pitch fork , when , if the weather continue fine ( which is the general case ) it will be ready for securing the next day , without any labour in cocking , which is little resorted to ; but instead the horse-rake is applied , which with one horse and oce man will rake it up into wind row as fast as two forkers' will pitch it to the waggon , whereon are generally two loaders—working on in this way till dusk without stopping to cock any up , unless ( which is very seldom ) the weather should be very threatening ; thus progressing so long as it is day , and starting again in the morning just where they left off , without the loss of labour attending the cocking and rebreaking oat ; and finer cured hay is sot to be net with . This , of course , is owing to the fiseuess of the climate .
Where the revolving" horse-rake is used very little hand-raking is required , not even after the loading waggons ; but after the field is cleared of the bulk , the horse-rake is again applied , and finishes the field in a goed and clean style . They estimate one of th « se rakea to perform the work of twenty hand-rakes . Thus there is a great saving of labour in the manipulations of the farm , over the practice of this country . In many otker of their agricultural implements , they also excel ; particularly in the plough , and the horse-hoe used in the OTltivation of Indian corn or m ^ iza .
Another order of persons to whom the Society ' s plan effers great prosptct of relief are a pretty numerous class ; such aa have inherited small estates with con sider&ble hardens upon them , either as mortgages , or payments by way of legacies to younger branches . These in many ctses have a mere nominal property in such estates , actual-y paying as much in interest as they would let for ; yet unfortunately the proprietors of them , by a false idea of being " statesmen" are induced to stick to their bondage , and to keep up appearances that little comport with their real condition and comfort ; thereby keeping themselves in & continual course of embarrassment , under a vain hope of sustainiug family name and consequence , knowing themselves to be rapidly progressing to poverty and rain , without energy to arouse and adopt a more manly course ; the canker woim of "interest , " and other embarrassments coapletely ^ qualifying them both mentally and physically for effective action .
' How if thesA could arouse from the apathy such a sUte necessarily induces , and convert their emarrassed piopeity into cash , discharge their obligations , and with the remainder secure an ample range of new land in the way the Association holds forth—they would be placing themselves and their children ii * the way of present and in creasing future comfort—and bringing them np- in a line of life most congenial to human happiness , and one in which , if the esseBtial requisites of all prosperity be attended or adhered t » , namely , prudence ,, persevering industry , and economy , scarcely a possibility of miscarriage can attend them— -the conscious independence of mind and action that will thus support under the toils and exertion of his own indepeiident acret , will form a striking contrast to the inanity , gloom , and discouragement of his present labour in nia— " the constant toil of dropping buckets into empty walls , and rrowinc old whilst drawing up "—for
although the possibility of improving such an embarrassed estate is granted—still the canker " interest" is continually overhauling or crippling his improvements iif be attempts acyj and sinking all bis energy . I would gladly roase all such from their lethargy ; encourage , and go with them into action ; render whatever assistance was in my power to overcame the apparent primary inconveniences { difficulties if they should be called so ) for assuredly there will be some such , but none likely to overcome as eserpeiic mind—and none to stsnd in competition with the self gratulation of having wrought . out your own independence , with your own hands or endeavours—of placing your children in th « same manly position—and of the bvart-sustainiug prospect of transmitting the same blessing to your remotest prosperity . All these benefits the arrangements of the Association amply hold forth . The realisation is certain if energy , perseverance , and determination to o * uf uer are the accompanying attributes .
Then to such agricultural labourers as c&n nose the means to purchase one of the ten acre shares , ( only £ 2 12 s . Id . ) , and pay his travelling expanses thither , the Society ' s plan offers great facilities : and these conditions are the lowest qualification of membershiptiz . ass is tares in immediately getting up cottages , and proceeding to cultivate the lot ; assistance in provisions , fetock , tools , seeds , fee in advance , until'it becomes productive , are kecefiu peculiar to this institution ; the assistance afforded , to be repaid in similar assistance to others , in labour , or produce , at such times , and in such proportions hereafter , as convenience antl
eircumstances may permit After he has got bis land into s > degree of cultivation , his family will probably be able to do the lighter duties o f it , whilst himself will find employment amoDgst the larger proprietors , at the wages o f the country , out of which he will , by the cheapness of provisions , be enabled to save money , so as to redtem his obligations to the Society , and gradnslly add to his original purchase , either from the Society ' s public lands , reserved for public benefit , in which himself will have a beneficial interest or right as a member , or from adjoining new lands , as the case may be .
His passage out , and land lot being paid for , his first difficulty will be overcome . He will then be able to increase or extend his purchases , and finally become independent—a state he can never t-xpect in Englandthe land being for ever locked up Iron him—no pobsIbiiity of acquiring the right to labour on his own soil , and scarcely leave to labour on that of another with adequate remuneration . To all classes of mechanics connected with agricul * tare and building , a large field of employment will be afforded in erecting cottages and other buildings , making furniture , and agricultural instruments , and in the cultivation of their respective lots of land in a similar manner to the agriculturalists . Town lots for building purposes will be apportioned to every land lot , so thBt mechanics may build either for tfeeir own accommodation or for sale , at tieir own option , accordiDg to circumstances , in the more adviced state of the settlement .
To every other cla * s not being of those enumerated , and not 'being acquainted with agriceltnre , there will also be abundant encouragement , provided they are able to comply -with tbe requirement of paying their WBy out , and purchasing a ten acre lot or share ; because though they may not have heretofore known , ot practised agriculture , they may notwithstanding , if industrious , perfectly temperate , and determined te overcome all difficulties SBd discouragements , be soon able to compete with their more experienced associates . There is bo difficulty but whst determination will booh overcoma They will have the constant example and experience of their compeers , as also the assistance of the whele" society in the shape of its-committee . Then the fertility of the soil , and goodness of the climate will go hand in hand with their endeavonrs , insomuch , that if not perfectly cultivated , or not in the best manner , yet the earth will yield her increase , whilst they are becoming more adept or perfect in the cultivation .
By the united exertions of the Friends in America and England , the native Indians were taught to practise agriculture to advantage , even though averse to all labour and resiraint ; then well may the industry and sustained temperament of civilised men be advantageously turned into the same channel . Their habits of constant application asd emulation in tbe lines of business already Jearntd and pursned , will have fuily fitted them for any industrial pursuit ; their long experience of privation , and their new anticipations of forth-comiig plenty and independence from their own honest labours , "will sweeten and animate their ntm&st endeavour for so desirable a consummation , so as to absorb every feeling of temporary suffering or inconveniecce . knowing , as they reasonably must , the
final result will be a castle and comfort of their own , where they may cultivate the earth in peace , and receive the reward of their labour in security , without the proud man ' s contumely or a ksugbty placeman ' s tyranny . This is truly the natural state of man , and infinitely superior to the artificial state B&ciety has in this country now attained , or rather fallen into , from tbe unlimited pursuit of artificial employment , whereby multitudes are being continually thrown idle from either inventions of machinery , loss of trade , or caprice of fashion . Nothing of this can ever happen to the peacefpl natural occupation of the Boil , tbe faithful representative of the bountiful giver . No over-productlen will ever injure the healthfml , tbe holy , tbe happy occupation of a man ' s own freehold ; no faunae , or utter destitution stares him in tbe face from unforeseen disasters , or revulsions in trade , arising mostly from ambition or tyranny , or interest of this party ot of that ; but
with ordinary Industry he hath his year ' s provision before him either in store , or in the bowels of the earth making daily progress towards maturity under bis own immediate care and inspection . Tkig for his bread and his beef , his lamb and hiB wooL Then he has nature ' s best beverage dally supplied to him by his cow . How different this from the hand-to-mouth supplies of even the best paid mechanic in the crowded city 7 How much more congenial to man ' s primeval innocence ; to his unsophisticated happiness ? In a few Bhort years the happy few who make the determined experiment or essay , will be mtterly astonished at their own endurance of their own former misery . Ltt then machinery take its own , and do all its own work ; bat let man , the rational machine pursue his own natural employment , and even press into his Bervice all the appliances of ingenuity he is master of . In this way machinery wil aid him to raise his bread , which never can be an evil , oi an injury to hia f ello"w-man , but conlrary-triBe a bles-
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sing . One of the great causes of tbe present destitution nad misery is the great pressure after what has been jjj ^ ijbt more lucrati ve employments , to the desertion at tbt more ^ ^ « moT * natural , and more happy nrcil me * <* ' cultivate tu « ~? : anri thu ha 9 not been the fcult Ot tbft operatives tbeuiselfe 8 , but 0 ? tha olfcumstances . under which th » y &k ve anavoidably teefi placed , namely , v ^ e impossibility o / gaining either employment or knowledge of agriculture for their children under the agricultural system fit this country , much less of the parvits themselves . obtaining a portion
of the soil w&erewit ?) to occupy eit »^ ' themselves or their offspring . This difficulty still . exists in all its bitterness , and in all its ezciusiveness ; ai » d tbe only or most rational remedy is to move to where tbe . land « &n be had in sufficient quantities at a mere nominal j , rice , and in all its native fertility ; ' and this can be done in the fertile Tallies of the Western States of North Anh ^ ica , through the medium , and by a junction with . the " British Emigrants Mutual Aid Society , " established a « . ' Halifax , upon a plan of joint purchase of land , bot sole and individual property , as will be more fully understood by reference to that Society ' s rales . ! 1 S
I do not mean that all operatives can avail themselves either immediately or in future of this plan , but that as many as conld should be encouraged to embrace the opportunity it affords of bettering their condition by joining it ; training fewer cbildren to factory employments , leaving machinery to work its own ends ; and man , intended happy man , stand erect upon the earth , and deriving his subsistence by the sweat of his brow from her ample bosom . No doubt there is sufficient land in this country thus to employ thousands , but its monopoly and high price effectually bar tbe poor man from any participation in it Bui in the wide and fertile world which the All wise and Beneflcient God hith ordained for tbe habitation of man as the field of his industrious exertion , there is room and space for million * yet unborn . That is truly a man ' s country which furnishes him with a happy and plentiful means of subsistence in all the freedom of natural industry , and in all the manliness of perfect liberty .
Upon my countrymen of the class of practical farmers , whose means are daily wasting from their grasp , I would urge the full and deliberate consideration of this movement ; to weigh tbe mighty difference in their favour between cultivating an estate of their own which can be handed dowu to their posterity with ncreasing yearly value as the improvements of the Country advance , yielding him abundant crops through all the period of his own life , land through all tbe years of its future occupation by his children and theirs after tastn . I would urge this comparison with a highly racked rent for a short lease or none , and upon wornout land highly tithed and taxed , and without liberty to shoot a hare or a bird , eveu though they are destroying his produce ; supposing even he had a long lease , the outlay for improvement would more than purchase him a freehold in the way before stated , aud its improvements for ever .
Though the subject « f leases has excited some attention lately , I apprehend It will be long before the practice will come into general operation , and will scarcely benefit the prestnt generation , their means being exhausted in the meantime . The landlords , froa various circumstances , are , I believe , many of them , as needy for the ready money as their tenants , and as unable to make any improvements or outlay on their property , without which a permanent lease would little benefit the Unaot ; and bat few tenants can make expensive improvements , even though secured by law .
With respect to the price of produce in tbe United States , farmers need be under little apprehension . The prices are certainly much lower than in this country , but then the fertility of the soil , the goodness of the climate , and tbe amount of crop , especially in the new States , where under judicious rotation management any extraneous manures will scarcely ever be wanted ; no rent or tithes payable , these being for ever forestalled or laid to rest by the original purchase , and that purchase not more than the amount of three month *' rest on an average of the farms of this country ; so that at the year ' s end he will have more money , because what money he receives remains with him , instead of being handed to the landlord , the tithe-proctor , and the tax-gatherer ; and he will also have an improving estate , which he can call his own in the strictest sense of the word .
This argument equally applies to the farmer aud small tradesmen of embarrassed circumstances , and would equally afford them relief . It is not the ameunt of produce sold , but tbe amount of cash which remains to the producer that constitutes his proslta or gains , at same time affording him all the necessaries of life in tie greatest abundance . All who see the probable benefit to themselves and families , and contemplate joining the Association , will do wel ! speedily to examine its merits , and make tbnir
decision without loss of time , so as to be able to proceed to operations the ensuing summer-, having all necessary arrangements previously fixed , both as to organisation of the body and its plan of proceedare and operations at the scene of action ; to this end , as soon as the funds will allow , a suitable cnnadontial person should be dispatched with powers and means to reconnoitre the country and Belect a suii able location according to the plan contemplated in tha rules . Thus going in an united body , they will form a phalanx of strength no single family can possibly possess .
Even in cases of accident , sickness , or death of friends or other supporters , there will be help to fall back upon This is no small encouragement and help in the day of trial in a new and distant settlement , removing the sense of destitution under affliction , and giviog strength to overcome all difficulties . I am no advocate for indiscriminate or inconsiderate Emigration ; but when society so far ontgrowB the means of profitable employment , or even the means of the most penurious livelihood , it then behoves the individuals composing that society , to look out for themselves , and see if they cannot improve their condition by a judicious change of country , whereat least there is probability of being permitted to labour for their daily bread .
It is a received axiom in political economy that the strength of a nation consists in the number of its inhabitants-. but that conclusion must be taken with -allowance , or on the supposition that those inhabitants are fully and profitably employed . Where that is not the case , but extreme destitution pervades the mass , it must result in weakness and misery . That this country presents such a spectacle , is obvious on every hand . The crowded state of prisons , ur . iuu workhouses , and the publish" d statement of a pampered clergyman , thai 5 , 01 ) 0 , 000 bum an beings rejoice in potatoes 1 are facts too glaring to escape attention ; and that there is any probability o f general relief , is mere than problematical , considering the rapid progress most other countries are making in the articles of our manufacture , most especially tbe Americans , whose ingenuity and energy are equal to any undertaking ; and having now started , and made gr * at progress in the race ef competition , they will not dravr back .
Is U not therefore wisdom to " look ahead , " and read the " signs ef the times ? " By an earnest effort for redemption from such misery , make the esssy of a better practice—at least for those who have a trifl . left to meet the expences ot cost of Emigration to tbe fertile lands of the American Continent , where energy , perseverance , and industry , will be amply repaid ; and where the fertile soil will yield both potatoes to " rejoice in , " and plenty of fish , or flish , or fowl to qualify them , without the buffoonery of pampered Jordlingg . Whatever increase of trade may result from present measures , the increased and increasing facilities of machinery will quickly supply witheufc tbe aid of more bands , even supposing the demand to be permanent , which cannot be expected , considering the competition
of other countries , and the glut and re-action that will in all probability be the consequence of the rush to the new markets . It was so at Buenos Ayres . It has been the case frequently , and must be anticipated again . Then the great annual increase in population will far more than couuterbalance any Emigration that can by any apparent possibility take place ; consequently tbe superabundance of operatives will still continue its influence on the labour market , and more than enpply any probable increased demand from barely possible increase of businesB . The great relief will therefoto bo to those manly spirits , who resolve boldly ,. firmly , and perseverely to make the effort , and embrace without delay , the highly promising and encouraging opportunity .
Leavtag thee at perfect liberty bo to dispoB 3 of this letter as tbou thinks best , I am , most respectfully , thy friend , Thomas Bewlet . To Lawrence Pitkethly , merchant , Huddersfleld .
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oSasssn ^ j ^ ™* ** * i *« t » i beStM ! 1 ' knowled « e squired by each aection will te SSStt ^ - SKSs ^ E " -stsss Hiff rL « f « * " that the individuals composing tbe S 0118 ;" taw ^ ined bere : V personal ih ^ Jm miJ fraternal feelln 8 f ° ' each other , rifonBdh T J ? batter wo * 8 together of the ' gradual fusion into one great communist Hate . The paitieB who may become members of thia society
1 st Those who havLgaufflolent capital now at their fh-f «;»« n ein 2 ready to 8 ° « wil 1 do so aa aoon" « o j ? ™ ° ? be or 8 ani ' Z 8 d without undue haste . 2 oa . laone who have not at present sufficient capital but cm acquire it in a limited time , and will make arrangemente for their sections accordingly 3 rd . Yoxmg men to whom time U not bo much an object as the pecuniary meana , and who mast consequently wait nntL ! the early established sections can assist them . It is also proposed that our Beotiona may bo looked upon as as assured asyium for the veterans of political and mental freedom , wiiere they may enjoy a faaven of honourable and honoured rest , after having struBftled for the Rood cause to their own hindrance and injury ; and that tbey may not fear the tender mercies of a poor law union , the poverty-stricken eld ag « of St . Simon , or the solitary death bed of Fourier .
All who hold our opinions , aud wish to carry out the ideas above Buggested ^ will be met by tha society , with that spirit of fraternity which alone can ensure the success of such an enterprise ; and they are invited to attend our meetiags , which are held at Hudson ' s Coffee House , Upper Wellington Street , Covent Garden , or to correspond with tbe iecretary , Charles Sully , 11 , Roll ' s Buildings , Fetter Lane . A section ia now forming with a capital of £ 30 per family , ( each family also paying its own travelling expenses , and providing itself with clothing for two years ) thU being in bur opinion the least amount with which it would be prudent to commence * he undertaking , tha members wish to go as soon as prudtmce wiil permit , and as near to Mr . Hunt ' s aa possible .
It is also intended t « form a union of about six sections , whose lands will join each other , having the schools , library , dispensary , lecture room , &c , in commoa ; these sections to be for tbe present , in other reBpucta , independent of each other , and to have various amounts of capital according to the means of the persons composing them . '
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TRICKS OF THE ANTI LEAGUE SHOWN UP . TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . 13 , Charlotte-street , Hope Town , Buthnal Green , London , March 12 th , 1844 . Sir , —In order that Trades , and members of Trades ' Uuions , may be put on their guard as to who the persons really are who may represent themselves as belonging to Anti League Associations , and who may desire the co-peration of working men , I have been directed to forward to you for insertion the following correspondence io connection with the late Anti League Meeting , at the Free Mosona' Tavern , London .
13 , Charlotte-street , Hope Town , Bsthnal Green , 12 th March , 1814 . Sir . —Having received no communication from you since the meeting at the Free Masons * Tavern , although yoa then promised one ; and having aioce received from Mr . Oastlet your communications , and his , on the subject of tbe said meeting ; and having laid the same before the weekly meeting of toe Broad Silk Hundloom Weavers'Union , on last Saturday evening , I beg to inform you that I have been directed by the said meeting of my fellow workmen to intimate that I have been ' put in possession of the correspondence which has passed between you and Mr . Oastler , and to remind you of your declarations to me on my first introduction to you , as well as subsequently .
You declared to me at the time mentioned , at jthe Crown and Anchor , Waterloo Town , Bethnal Green , which was between Monday 19 th February , and Saturday 24 th February , 1844 , I forget particularly the day , that Mr . CHeUer had been asked to take the chair at your then intended meeting ; that be bad declined to take the chair , but bad promised te be present at tbe meeting . Ton made the same declaration on the said 24 th , at the weekly meeting of the Weavers' Union . You must remember ithat your last declaration was made four days before you bad ever communicated at all with Mr . Oastler . You wished to gull the weavers by endeavouring to make thorn believe that Mr . Oa » tler was with you ; and you wished to deceive Mr . Oastler by wishing him to believe that weavers , shoemaker * , printers , cork cutters , bakers , and other Trades' Unions had severally pledged their efforts to support the labours of your Association .
Entertaining many deubts relative to your declaration concerning Mr . Oastler , as well aa many doubts aa to the existence of any Anti Lsague Association with which yon were connected , it was deemed necessary to make enquiriea of Mr . O * stler and other gentlemen , aa to whether he ot they knew anything of you or your Association ; and whether he had made the promise to be present at the meeting , which was held at the Free Masons' Tavern . Unfortunately for the weavers , Mr . Oaatler ' a letter containing all tbe correspondence that had taken place between himself and you , did not reach me . unt < l Tuesday morning , March the 7 th , a day after the fair . " H » d that letter been received sooner , tbe meeting at the Freemasons' Tavern would either not have been held at all , or , stormy aa it was , it would hare been still more sUrray ; because your trickery would verylikely have b ? tn fully exposed .
1 beg to inform you , that being in possession of your letters to | Mr . Oastler , one bearing date the 28 * . h aud the other 29-. h February , 1844 , I have been directed to aend copies of the same , together with a copy of Mr . Oastler ' a letters on the subject , and also of this letter , to the Northern Star tot insertion , in onlir that working men may be put on their guard , and in order that you , in future , may act witb moie straightforwardness and honesty when you attempt to get up associations , aud are desirous of obtaining the co-operation of working men . Although working men may not be quite so crafty as you , 1 tntnk you have had pretty strong proof that they are not now « o easily to be gulled as formerly . Wrat one does not see another cm . You had ampl *! opportunity of perceiving the distrust with which you were received by the several members of the Weaver .. ' Union . Tbey were old birds .
Trusting that the past affiir may be a salutary lesson for good to all working men , its well as others , I remain . Sir , Yours , &c . < tc , To Mr . N . D . Maillard . W . E . Burroughs . I shall only give that pertlon of Mr . Oastler ' s letter which relates to the present correspondence . Wold Nowton Hall , Hunmanby , Yorkshire , March 2 nd , 1844 . J 1 Y DEAR StR , * * * * It ia impossible that I can bs in London on Monday , or that I omi give you any advice about the New Association . I never kuew of its existence tilt my arrival here last evening . I have not the honour ol any acquaintance with Mr . Maillard or Cast Polhill .
Whoever told you that " I had been asked to take the chair at the meeting about to be held , —that I declined ; but that I have promised to be prcaent ; " I say , whoever told you so , told you that wh oh is untrue . Tue enclosed papers contain all the communications I have had made to me , or that I have iuade to them . * Faithfully yours , my dear Sir , Bichaud Oastler . To Mr . W . E . Burroughs . 23 , Old Burlington-street , London , 28 th February , 1844 .
Sir , —I am directed by the Committee of the National Anti-League Association ta invite your attendance at a public meeting in London on Monday next , in advocacy of the rights of tho industrial classes ; and I have the pleasure to inform you that the Spitalflelds weavers , shoemakers , printers , cork cutters , bakers , and other trades' unions have severally pledged their effjrts to support the labours of this Association ; and I have requested the meeting in question , in order that they may demonstrate their Anti-League atrenath . Mr . Burroughs , the Secretary to the Weavers ' Union , and one of your Liberation Conrmitfcee , is moat asalous in the matter ; and the operative claasea have expre 8 sed their hope that you will afford them your support on tbe occasion referred to . This Association co-operates with similar societies already established , but extends its efforts more especially among those classes which have not the advantage of previous concentration .
Tbe place of meeting is not finally fixad , as the negotiations on tho subject are not yet complete ; but you shall have early information thereof , aud I beg the favour of your reply per return of post , aa the Com-
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mittee are most anxious to know their Btrength ; and 1 beg that you will permit me to remain with the highest sentiments of admiration and respect , Your very faithful and obedient servant . To R . OiBtler , Esq . N . DORAN Maillard . National Anti-League Association , 2 S . Old n Burlington-street . London . 29 th Feb . 1844 . Sir ., —I bad tha pleasure ef addressing you by post yesterday at Hudderafield , but in cose that letter should not have reached , you , I resnme the pleasure . I enclose you tbe circular of the Association which has been formed for the protection of British industry , and has
the wannest co-operation of the Spitalfields weavers and otfa r trades' unions ; and I am desired by the Committee to invite yonr especial attendance at tbe Anti-League Demonstration , to be holdan at the Freemasons ' Tavern on Monday next , at half-past six , in support of the rights of the industrial classes . The meeting has been called in compliance with Beveral requisitions from tbe unions ot those classes , and they have pledged their support to its efforts . I shall feel [ particularly obliged for you * early reply , and I beg to remain , Sir , With much respect , ; Your very faithful s ° rvant , R . Oastler , Esq . > N . DQRan Mallard .
COPT OF MR . OASTLER 3 REPLY . Wold NewtonjHall , Hunmanby , Yorkshire , JMarch 2 , 1842 . SIR —Your two favours of 28 th iand 29 'b uit , were received last evening on Hiy arrival at this place , where I have resolved to rest and recruit . - My weak state of body trad excited state of mfrid render it quite impossible that I can accept your kind invitation . ] I have the honour to remain , Sir , Your much obliged servant , Richard Oastler . N . Doran Maillard , Esq .
The foregoing letters are the whole that have come under Biy notice ; and before I conclude I beg to state , that the Weavers of £ pitalflelds were given to understand that their two' delegates , who were deputed at Mr . Maillard's request , were to sit On the Committee of the National Anti-League Association ; but their services on tbe Committee were never required , except to distribute tickets of admission to the meeting . The Weavers protested against tickets ; or ticket meetings ; bat their protestations were of no use . The result of the meeting has proved that some among them had resolved that tickets—if tickets there ' must be—should be turned to some account . Trusting , Sir , that you will be so kind as to give insertion te thia correspondence , I remain , yours , humbly and respeotfully , W . E . Burroughs , Secretary of tbe Broad Silk Hand-Loom Weavers of Spitalflelds .
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; O'Connell-, before that mettrng , whether he had charged tbe Chartists of England . W bis trial , with intentions to outrage the tights of property . He was a Chartist i and no earthly conBideftfion would justify i : i his mind a disposition so injurious to the classes possessing property , and to repugnant t » justice ; and such were tbe feelifiga and sentiments of the Chartists of England—{ hear , hear , from all pirta of the meeting ) . If Mr . C ^ Con-iell bad been misrepresented , he hoped he would take immediate steps to . correct so unjust an impression ; aud if not be hoped ha would retract it —( hear , hear ) . Tha Chartists were the friends of Repeal , and thsy wottld aid every undertaking for real justice . They desired to wrong no class ; bat they were determined to have Justice . Mr . Mason then retired amid the ohears of tbe meeting .
Mr . OConnell , in reply , said that he thought he-Sad been misrepresented ; and if he had done anythfnf wrong he would retract it —( hear , hear )—and if be wa *' going on wrong he would alter his course . He was nc % one that wished to be ia error . He would give an take j and that was the way Iff make a union . A man that always held his own opiofoos to be right , nobody could unite with —( hear , bear } . Having thanked thi meeting for their sympathy witb Ireland , he retired , and the meeting closed .
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Strike ai Stahibro' Collier ? . —The Turnout * at th « above colliery , urgently caution their brother Miners , not io go near the works until existing disputes between the masters and men , are satisfactorily adjusted . The following Is a statement of reduction of wages , imposition , and cruelty , which we have been compelled te submit to . Formerly we bad •»• 6 d per dczsn for our coals in tbe straitwork at the beginning of a shaft , but now we have only 5 i ; and the former price per yard on the end was 2 & 3 d per yard and left no swicb , and we have been reduced to 23 per yard and leaves the fcwicn , which makes it 64 per yard worse . The price per yard on-bored was 2 s per yard and left no swicb , and the reduced price is Is 10 ; l per yard and leaves the axrlcb , which makes it 6 < 1 per yard worae . The former
priee for the air slits between the board gates , was la * d per yard , and now we have lid per yard . At tbe opening out a new bank we had Is per yavd for cutting up tbe post until it waa nine yards wide , hufc now there is no-tain ? at all . » The holers were paid by measare , and had td per thirty inches up the post and six yards in length and thirty inches deep , would make twenty corvea of coals , but now by the enlargement * of corves-, extra measure and wide riddlea , it tabes seven yard * and a half to make twenty corves of coals ; and if a bask falJa in and covers ten or twelve or more yards of coals , the holers have nothing for holing . The former prices for the holed coals were 43 6 d per dozen up tbe first rise ; but we have been reduced to 1 % per di Z 3 D , and the coals are worse to get by a shilling pe
dozen , and the great disadvantage to the sender by Long Bankgatea , some of which is sixty yards Ion ? and used to be about fifteen yards . Tbe slits are from t wenty-flve to thirty long , and used to be eight or ten yards long : there is 2 d . per dozan per 100 yards upon the eud allowed for hurrying and z 1 for fifty yards upon the board ; if we take 154 yards on end and 150 on the board , a hurrier has to run a distance of more than seven miles for 3 d ! We have been compelled to have oar candles of the agent , for which he has stopped 6 £ d per pound for many years , and be baa stopped aa many as two pounds of candles of many of the men , more than they have had , in one fortnight . When they have gone to him and aslted to have this rectified , he swore — " you have had thorn and I'll make you pay for them . " We are likewise compelled to buy onr powder of the agent , and he stops 6 H per lb . for it , and will not
weigh less than 21 bs . at once ; and many of tbe men have weighed their powder and have bad as much as five or six oz * . short of 21 ba . For a shovel shaft there is a shilling stopped ; for a peggy shaft there i& sixpence stopped , which used to be only twopence ; but now if a stone falls and takes a man a finger off—if the shovel shaft be { broken at the same time , there ia a shilling stopped out of his wage for it , if he baa earned as much ; but the worst of all Is tbe tyrannical conduct from the day men , they go slinking about in the pit with a large nob stick , with a shillings worth of steel at the end in- form , of a spsar , and if a man speaks to them even in a right cause , he may either expect a stroke in the face or a prod with the weapon . The publio are respectfully informed that those coliiers who have left work and who may call upon them for their kind aid in furtherance of tbeir object , will have a handbill certifying that they belong to the Stainbro' Colliery .
North Staffordshire Mr . John Lomaxs Meetings for La&t Week . —On Monday , March 11 , a very numerous and well-conducted meeting took place on tbe Crown B . ink , Hanley . Considerable exeitement prevailed from reports being circulated that the Colliers here were about to commence a strike ; tbe truth of the matter was—they designed to have their hours of labour lowered to eight houra per day , and \\\ . per hour . Several of the masters have obstinately refused to comply with this demand . R . E . Heathcote , Esq ., formerly an M . P ., and o professed Liberal and Corn Law Repealer , and several others , have refused to employ them ; and in consequence of this non-compliance , near 2 , 000 Miners are now thrown upon their own resources . The police authorities , being aware of these circumstances , brought in a posse of twenty-one of tbe county police , in addition to our local force . Although these exertiens were made to keep the peace , there was not one case in the Police Cottrta of any kind for
several days ; a circumstance clearly showing the Colliers' Movement here to be a peaceable one . Tuesday , the 12-h , Norton , at tea o ' clock in tbe morning ; LongtoD , at three o ' clock in the afternoon . Wednesday , Chesterton , at three o'clock in the afternoon . Thia being very near the Liberal Heatbcote ' a Colliery , « ll the lobsters attended to overawe the poor bat firm sons of labour . On the same evening , at seven o ' clock , Hanley , which waa numerously attended . Thursday , the 14 tb , at Allsager s Bank , an open-air meeting in thd field belonging to Mr . Charles Downing . Again we were vigilantly watched by the " Blues . " Friday , the I 5 th , at Golden Hill , an open-air meeting at three o ' clock in the afternoon , Very numerously attended . On the same evening , at seven o ' clock , at Tunstall , a very enthusiastic mee ' . ing . Saturday , tbe 16 th , at Small thorn e ; an everlowing meeting . Monday , the 18 th , at Knutton Heath Race Course ; an open-air meoting , numerously attended .
Mr . Harris ' s Meetings . —March 13 , Alvertaorpe , Mr . W . Harris delivered a lecture to a crowded meeting , on the Restriction Question . March 14 th , Carr Gato , James Auty in the ckair , Mr . Wm . Harris delivered a lecture to a very crowded meeting . March 15 th , Rothwell , Mr . Wm . Harris delivered a lecture . A vote of thanks was given to Mr . Harria for bia able and eloquent address . March 16 th , Chnrwell , Mr . Wm . Harris delivered a lecture . Papiham . —It ia with feelings of gratitude that we
return our heartfelt thanka to our brother Miners for the generous manner in which they have come forward to support us against the tyranny of our oppressors . The following sums have been received for tbe past week : —Clough Head 4 s ; Dig Hole 9 i ; Bankrofts 10 a ; Dugdale Pit 10 a ; Burnley 93 9 it ; Enourn Bridge 8 s ; BaxBnden £ 5 ; Altham £ D 13 s 3 il ; Grupeslnn , Ringley 4 *; Hall Lane , Little Lever 2 a ; Unicorn li ; Horse Shoe , Ifingley 2 s ; Belthorn £ 3 14 s ; Broadfisld £ 1 ; Dunken P . nk £ 3 ; Caup £ l ; Bacup £ 5 ; Swinaham . £ 3 59 ; A friend 3 a .
Thornlev , March 18—The following monies have been received : —South Wingate colliery £ 2 1 b 61 ; Castle Elen do £ 7 2 a ; Weat Hetton do £ 5 9 a j South Hetton do £ 5 6 s ti j Cas 8 op do £ 7 ; Elamere do £ 3 ; Kelloe do £ 6 10 s ; Thos . Neasham do Is ; Crow Trees do £ 1 2 i 61 ; Hetton le Hole do £ 3 15 a ; North Hetton do £ 3 IS * 6 d ; Wingate Grange do £ 9 8 * 6 d ; Hugh Hall do £ l 11 s ; Tmndon . do £ 7 103 ; Friends in Trimdon £ 2 17 i 3 Jj A friend 6 d ; A friend 2-1 ; A friend 6 d ; A friend 34 ; A friend la ; A friend 3 d ; A friend 6 d ; A friend 6 . 1 j A friend 6 d ; A friend 31 ; A friend 4 d ; Kobert WiUon 13 ; John Straugbair 2 s 6 d ; Jos . Fletcher Od ; Jos . Ward 61 ; John Wilkinson Is ; Geo . Blair 6 J ; Friends in Dutton 3 s . FiFESiiiRB , Scotland . —Public meetings have been held by Mr . Scott , with good auccess , at the following places : -Kirfcaldy , Crossgates , Halbeitb , Faredale , Well wood , JElein , &o . &c .
MARCH 16 . —A delegate meeting of the Colliers of Fifeshire was held in the New Inn , Cross-gates . John Muir was elected District Secretary , and William Shepherd , District Treasurer , when the following sums were pa . d in : —Well wood 8 j 4 d ; Halbeath 6 s 4 d ; Cuttlehill 5 * 6 d ; Hill of Heath 3 s 7 d ; Donibristol 4 s 61 ; Crospgates la Id ; Kelty 33 Id ; Beath 2 * lOd . Mr . Archibald Hay , o f Holbeath , was elected delegate to the Glasgow Conference . All communications to the District Secretary of Fifeshire must be addressed , John Muir , Long Crossgates , by Inverkeithing , Fife-Bhire . Bury . —At a public meeting , held in the Working Mens' Hall , Bury , Lancashire , numerously attended , Mr . Henry Ddnnet in the chair . Tke meeting was addressed by Messrs . Price and Holdgate , and the assembly was highly gratified .
Si . Helen ' s . The following Bums have been received by the St Helen ' a district , from March 7 th . — Haydoek Colliery , 10 s ; a few frienda , 8 s ; _ Wmdle Colliery , £ 212 s ; Blacbrod Lodge , £ 2 9 a ; Black Horaa Lodge , £ l 5 s ; Cock Tavern Lodge , 9 a ; Jenny Shop lodge , 68 6 d ; Union Colliery , St . Helen ' s , * 3 s 6 d ; do . do . do . 12 a 6 d ; No . 19 Lodge , St . Helen's , 10 a ; March 12 , White Swan , Hindley Green , 10 s ; Fleece Lodge , Bolton , £ 2 10 a ; Chorley , £ 4 9 s M ; Robo Bridge , luce , 10 a ; Collier ' a Arms , luce , £ 1 ; from General Board , £ 164 4 a 9 d ; ftreenhough ' s , six men , £ 1 10 s ; No 3 Lodge , St . Helen ' s , 4 s ; & friend , Henry Rougbley , 6 s ; No . 16 Lodge , St . Helen ' s , 9 i 4 A 1 .
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A Repealers' Notions of Whiggery . —Join the Whigs !—for the last fifteen years the marplots to O'Connlel and Irishmen— -the wait-awhtfes—the worthless—the Irish Whigs-rthe verriest political scrubs -that ever disgraced political teachings . — Join tho Whigs , say the trimming , sycophantic * bowing , fcraping , self-dubbed , FHiall , snivelling , longvisaged , hang-dog , few and forlorn Catholics—join them , and you will now get what you require ! Join the Whigs , and come at your rights . Enlist in the 82 nd re&iment , that you may be new y ° w . s bjQth . ex ia the 83 rd ' , —Belfast Vindicator ,
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[ In addition to the above , we have beta rf quested to publish the following : ] ADDRESS OF THE DEMOCRATIC CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETT . FOR EMIGRATING TO TUE WESTERN STATES OF NOHTU AMERICA , To those who desire an aBsmance of polHical liberty , founded on democracy , and an equal assurance of a home provided with present competence , and a reasonable prospect for the future , founded on co-operation , all that the frienda of the progresB of society have wished and labnuied for .
Will yon accept liberty and competence on these principles ? Can you , and do you , conscientiously renounce th e tyrant trinity of king , priest , and trade ? If so , this society offers te yoa the means of obtaining for yonraelvfcs and your descendants that which you desire , and of escaping from that which you detest The means by which tho society proposes to attain these enda are : — The formation of Bectiors for Emigration on nearly the same plar-s as thoae detailed in Mr . Hunt's pamphlet , published by Cleave :
And the establishment of a central Bureau or Nucleus , round which all the sections may group them-Belves , from which they may all start , and with which they will continue to correspond ; all being bound together by the uniformity ef their views and tho sentiment of fraternity , will have the same fundamental constitution , and the same ultimate result will be their object . But since on account of the imperfection of the present state of comnjaDitary knoweige . and of the various opiniona on the subject , many different proximate results may be aimed at , and many different means suggested for their attainment , eac section will form its own laws of detail , conduct its own business , and manage ita own financea , having care only that those lawa do not retrograde ; from the p rinciples of the general constitution , and each pexaon paying his quota to the general expenditure .
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . CLEAVE . VICTIM FVND . £ ¦• d . Marylebone ( per Mr . Packer * 0 2 2 Mr . G . Larkin and friends 0 2 6 Mr . Thwaite 0 0 6 Correctien . —ln Mr . Cleave ' a list of a fortnight back , 2 b . waa acknowledged inbtead of 3 s . from Mr . Warren , Wellingbore ' , for Mr . M'Douall . RECEIPTS BY GENERAL SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . , Bradford Central Locality 0 6 6 Ditto GUoige-atieet . 0 i 11
Saliabury 0 0 9 London Fox and Hounds 0 3 9 Ditto omitted in previous lists 0 19 Ditto Working Man ' s Hall 0 2 6 Ditto White Horae 0 18 Hindley . Omitted last week in Mr . DjyleB ' a account 0 3 10 Hanley , fetuffordahire 0 12 6 NATIONAL TRIBUTE . Bradford Central Locality 0 7 0 Ditte Qeorgo-street 0 1 10 New Leads 0 2 6 Ditto ( per Mr . Smith ) 0 0 6 Hanley , a Friend 0 0 6 CARDS . Emmett Brigade ...,..,.,.,. 0 2 0
VICTIM FOND . New Leeds ( per Mr . EJmondBOn ) 0 6 3 MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . OCONNOR . TRIBUTE . From Littlebrp" 0 7 1 From Jiiuiea M'Kowen , Lambeg ...... 0 10 Hayle ( per George Jonea ) 0 5 0 SUBSCRIPTIONS . From Tavistock 0 9 9 Frum Dv'rby .. ; . 0 6 0 VICTIM FUND . From the Cip ; of Liberty , ( per W . Flower ) „ ,, „ .,. 0 II 0
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O'CONNELL'S VISIT TO BIRMINGHAM . Immense exertion was lately made by the Complete Suffragists to give eclat to Mr . O'Cennell ' a visit to this town . This gentleman we may here observe , seema to be Mr . Sturge ' a political pet . If Mr . Sturge ' u great sympathy arose out of Mr . O'Connell ' s present position aa a victim of tbe governing oligarcal tyrants , we could perhaps accouut in some degree for thia sin-Itular attachment ; but such is n » t the caae . Mr . Sturge seems to admire him as a ! politician , though hia policy and character aa a statesman . In the estimation of Muntz , nine out of every hundred of the operatives ia Britain is regarded with contempt and indignation . He haa professhd everything to invest himself witb popular power , while he has uttered the most
unwarrantable falsehoods to shield himself through tbe influence of claas prejudice . This may not be altogether the most proper time to dilate on Mr . O'Connell ' s general character ; but his conduct to the Chartists as a body , in his recent defence before j a Tory Pr ^ teatant Jury , is not lesa unpardonable in the eye of every honest British Chartist than it will be in the eye of posterity . The Chartist Council here , therefore , determined that Mr . OConnell should give some explanation for his charges against the Chartiats of Great Britain in the event of hia visit ; and appointed a ; deputation te wait upon him personally aa a first step before tbe publio meeting took place . A deputation of three was appointed , who forwarded the following note to him about an hour before the time of meeting ;
Sir , —A deputation has been appointed by the Council of tbe Chartist body of Birmingham to wait upon you , for an explanation of that part of your Defence in your recent trial , which charges the Chartists of Great Britain with motives and designs against the rights of private property , utterly repugnant to their principles , and which the Council , oh behalf of the Chartist working men of Birmingham and Great Britain repudiate in the most distinct terms . Trusting to your conrtesy and respect to justice to affjrd the deputation an interview , I remain . ; Your ' a , respectfully , on their behalf , ; David Potts . To Diniel OConntll , Esq ., M . P . i
To which he sent the following insolent reply , in which he denies tbe truth of hia own statements , made in his Defence . Hia case against ua in this note is that we are merely foes to R-f * rm . Oflcourae , Whig Reform . We have opposed the erecting of Bastilea , and the legal starvation of paupers . : ( Copy . ) Mr . O'Connell cannot offord thiB day to enter into any controversy with the Chartist deputation . This day ia devoted to other purposes . He regrets this tbs less , as ha believes the allegations put forward in Mr . Potto ' s letter to be totally unfounded . If , however , an explanation be desired to-morrow , he will see Mr . Potta at any hour be dsairea—Mr . Potts in the meantime understanding that Mr . OConnell ' a opinion is fixed , that the Chartists in general are amongst the worst foes to tbe cause of Reform . To which we replied as follows : —
Sir , —On behalf of the deputation , I am instructed to aay that they see no necessity now for an interview , as you have repudiated the allegations contained in my note . I am also desired to add tb&t it is the opinion of the deputation that the support which you gave to the Whig administration up to tbe moment it lost tbe reins of power , and forfeited by its perfldy and wickedness every veatigo of support from tho people of England , was a policy more inimical to tbe cause of British and Irish Reform than the worst conduct of that most execrable of factions , tbe Tories , inasmuch aa all conGL ieoce amongst the people bus been broken , while intft ested politicians have aggravated the evil by arraying tbe Reformers of one part of the Empire against the other . ¦ Sympathising with you in your present situation , I remain , your ' s respectfully , Signed , on their behalf , David Potts . To Daniel OConnell , Esq ., M P .
Than came tho great Town-Hall display , where the deputation were resolved to obtain a public avowal from Mr . OCtnnell , that fte did noVbtlieve he said what he did my The Mayor , from some inevitable cause , could not attend , and by a desperate hazird of consequences , Mr . Edmonds waa substituted . Various speakers addressed tbe meeting before Jlr . O'Connell , who , in bia speech most carefully abstained from repeating his unfounded statements against a body , thousands of whom were present land prepared to receive auch , had it been attempted , ! in a very different manner than it waa received by a Tory jury . After Mr . O C . and Mr . S . Crawford bad spoken , Mr . Mason came forward and said , Mr . Chairman . Irishmen , and Englishmen ; this day I trust will open the ; prospects of a better feeling between the rea' Reformers of both countries . Ireland obrioualy has been auljected to oppressions by the British Parliament , unpirnlleled even in its
outrages of public justice and liberty in any other part of the empire . Tbe wretched condition of Ireland was admitted by every party in the state ; and as the object of that meeting v ? ns to consult upon her interests , it Was essential to ascertain what were the causes wbieh kept the Reformers of both countries divided , while the oligarchy gloried in their weakness and trampled on every right sacri-d to the millions . What had been tbe conduct of the Government on the trial of Mr . O'Connell ? Did it not , in the face of Eagland and in defiance of Ireland , virtually and ] absolutely abrogate the Catholic Emancipation Bill , asd in violation of that act—an act which broke down the criminal destination between Catholic I and Protestantpack tbe Jury with the partisans of faction —( tremendous cheering )? But why was this done ? Because we were divided—( bear , hear ) . Mr . O'Connell haa reminded ua of the Union which existed in
Birmingham in 1830 , and which accomplished the Reform Bill . Why are the people not equally united now ? Why are we less pewarful ? Are we not equally numerous ? Are we not more intelligent ? Are we not competent to form a Union equally and more powerful than ever ? Are we not suffering greater oppression , and are we not more deeply persuaded that Reform ia essential to redeem our country—( cheers ) ? Yes ; but thoae who bold influence aa leaders must first lay down their sectional positions , and sacrifice tbeir personal ambitio 1 at tht- nhriue of their country and the altar of the poor man s borne , and rally their power under tDe Btandard of real liberty—liberty to the enslaved millions —( loud cbeers ) . i That Union , howover , could not be established while every means were taken to array the feelings of the- twe nations against each other ; anil ho ( vir . Mason ) would now ask Mr .
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Untitled Article
wui March 23 , 1844 , THE N ORTHERN STAR * 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 23, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1257/page/7/
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