Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th April 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 6, " £$* Csn&ttton x>f ^rnglanfc *' Lsvrs grind the poor, and rich men rule the lvw."

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- " £$* Csn&ttton x>f ^rnglanfc *' Lsvrs grind the poor, and rich men rule the lvw."
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- tfoveign EnUlUctenu.
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- (gharttet SuteUtseuce.
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Transcript
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  " £$* Csn&Ttton X&Gt;F ^Rnglanfc *' Lsvrs Grind The Poor, And Rich Men Rule The Lvw."
  
  " £$ * Csn&ttton x > f ^ rnglanfc * ' Lsvrs grind the poor , and rich men rule the lvw . "
  
  Untitled Article
  
  BIRMINGHAM AND ITS T 1 GINITY . Birmingham is indeed & remarkable place , in the midst of remarkable and interesting Bcenery—so dose to other counties than an hour ' s walk 'will carry you into the lovely and luxuriant Worcestershire , or tbt » densely populated Staffordshire , interesting alike from its smszing mineral resources , and for its industrious , patient , ill-paid people . A aile from our busy town , and we come-upon the Toad to Hales Oven { or Yell's as it is called by the natives ) and in view of the loveliest valley in the "world , albeit there are many : as far as the charmed eye can
  
  reach , are soft , B-welling , green hills , ^ aiet shady lanes , little valleys with the bright sparkling waters of a canal glancing now and then in a blink of sanshine , Tillage spires peeping np from groTes of trees , ¦ while here and thfire the curlinj ; smoke arises from firm-houses 50 remote , and 50 secluded , that wandering only a hundred yards from the turnpike road , we can scarcely fancy ourselves in busy England ; the startled hare and rabbit dart across our path , the wood-pigeon cooes in the tall trees , while , in the back-groandr giving an exquisite finisa to the scene , arise the blue-tinted hills of the Lickey , dent , and MalYem .
  
  Here Shenstonb wrste—here he lired—Tor here are iis far-famed Leasowes , aperfeet garden " of beautywith eTery diversity of landscape stretched out to the admiring © ye : in this aoft and lovely climate people ve , too , to a good old age ; and if or there is a reverse $ 0 thiB picture ) " here , people—too -many alas—live until life is a burden , for here , in the midst of God ' s bounty and loveliness , stalks the carse of poverty—the whole population of this beautoua region being , without distinction of « jc , nailers , a name at once descriptive of all poverty ani wretchedness . Everywhere cottages and mud hovels meet the eye in the most picturesque situations , built up of such incongruous materials , and in such dilap idation , as would rejoice the heart of a paintertut to plain prose , appear neither more nor less than utter distress snd poverty .
  
  Toeach of these cottages or hovels is attached a shed foriheiorge ; and here may be « een tfce maid , the matron , the yonng , the old , the strong and the -weak , "Working from early dawn till long after " dewy eve , " —perhaps not able to sell tkeir day ' s work at any price ; perhaps , next day , wandering with a bagful to our town , begging at every shop door that we would l > uy them , or ia the majority of cases receiving from fourpence halfpenny to sixpence for their long days ¦ work-This state of existence , for it cannot be called living , precludes instruction , —that blessing being confined to the inhabitants of this " happy valley" while children -, they are , "while children , taught at Sunday Schools imperfecily to read and write , but ther * their education ceases—for from the time that they have strength enough to hold a hammer , their doom is fixed . Many
  
  % slight and graceful girl have I seen wielding a hammer , who would have much better become the benches ol a day-school , both from her tender age and delicatetorm . dad in a coarse woollen petticoat , a rough handkerchief covering her bosom as protection from the sparks of redhot iron , and sufficiently disclosing her stays and shift sleevts . The only little display of feminine vanity attempted , iaiathe arrangement of her hair : no time to spare for curling and braiding , she is a gainer in appearance from her smooth unadorned tresses ; and the poor niHer girl m « y be forgiven the bit of coquetry with which she keeps the door half shut to hide her poor attire , while she peeps cut en hearing the sound of approaching wheels . Alas ! poor girl , well she knows , despite her now graceful and flexible form , before she is thirty years old , she will be bent to the shape of the anvil at which she now worki singing with all the light-heartedness of youth .
  
  She cannot extricate herself—for all the girls round her are nailers , or , until very lately , work in coal-pits . She cannot be a servant—for her hovel never required . household work , and she knows nothing of it ; while her talents as a cook have never been tested farther than potatoes snd bacon . She has no alternative ; she exists , and works on , as ail the district do , until she becomes & crippled , starred and miserable object , living in the midst ef beauty with the slightest appreciation of it , iB the midst of plenty without partaking of it , and with no other notion of the power * f God than that he is the inflicter of her present hard fate , which if she bears without murmuring , she may , by possibility , obtain some future reward .
  
  And with all tba boast of superior intellect , the men are the same ignorant , hardworking , helpless , starred objects as the women ; from the constant habit of stooping over their work , they are not ab / ve half as tall at fifty as they were at twenty . In the close neighbourhood of some of the finest saline springs in the kingdom , they are dirty aad neglectful of th eir persona . Thus they vegetate on , with no i nstruction , no amusement , no relaxation , no luxury but tobacco , which is used by bothsexea and all ages . Sauntering alsng one of th * lanes , 1 stopped at a wel known smithy , and asked the girl if she had ever iieard of Shenstone ? " The oald conjurer , ha has made song 3 and verses , and put up seats under the trees for folks to sit and look at the fields •" " 1 suppose you mean the same—do you ever walk through his Leasowes on a Sunday ? ' '
  
  *• 2 « et L I bin so tired , and my arms aching s » with my week ' s work , that I mostly lies abed Sundays , toll toward night sometimes 2 goes to meetin . " She picked up a short black pipe . 1 remarked , " was sorry to see so young a girl smoke . " " Perhapsyou'd smoke too . if you feadn't nothing * l « e . " God knows , perhaps I should . •* But I thought women ' s luxury was lea ? * " Yes , when they can get it ; hereabouts we drinks peppermint tea ; real tea is deur , you know , and we earns no money sc&roe : I Bometimes think I'd better Jang myself than live to grow old . " "But I heard you wereaboutto be married ?"
  
  "Well , and it ' s time : he ' s but a rough soit of blade , and I dire say 1 shall have to work as hard then asnow , but 1 than perhaps get more to eat ~ for I don't mind , telling j ? o»—and I ' m sure it is no sin , like thieving any thing else—but he often catches hares and them ttings . that swarm about here , and so he gets a little more than always TtaUir . 3 . Th > yon think it wicked ?" "I can't say J think it wicked ; but be might be found cut , yon know . " " Ah , so be might—well , we mun take eur luck ; we « an * t go on in this way . " A whole senson on the sin of poaching would not make me believe it was a sin , if , like this poor girl , 1 never tasted aTrimni food from one year ' s end to another .
  
  How easy for wise men to make laws , and how easy for virtuous men to declaim upon the necessity of obeying those laws ; but ho-w frail a barrier are they , When hungry desperation stands arrayed against them . The character of the scenery entirely changes on approaching the confines of South Staffordshire ; and with it , also change the occupation , habits , xcd- manners ol Joe people , iases , instead of being pleasant and ahady ,. become mere ravines , as if in some convulsion oJ the earth tbe solid rock had been rest asander ; the land
  
  becomes broken into little abrupt round hollows , clearly i ndicating the nature of the snbtennnean operations going on all ro « nd ; fields , though &U hill and hollow , are exceedingly fruitful—tbe heat of the soil producing tbe best and most luxuriant" crops ; and though now advancing into a manufacturing district , all-soundB and signs of bustle are shut out in the calm peacefolness of the fccene , until mounting a short hill , or turning a sharp comer , unexpectedly apppears one of those hires of human industry and « fc'H for which the wholecwmty is celebrated .
  
  J » o longer do "hedge-rows green" divide the . fields and fence in the garden plots . Cinders piled one jipon the other supply the place j not cinders such as we see in parlour graces—but huge masses of calcine from which the iron ore has been extracted . Instead of mudbuilt or thatched cottages , the sheds and oat-houses are built up of this material , and often roofed with platesof ' iron ; and when the chinks are well filled ap , are certainly more comfortable , and are not unsightly to the eye . Here and ihera are small brick buifdings some- aing like beehives , t * mm the heedless from approaching , for they indicate tbe mwrth of an exhausted ! mine , j and the earth is always treMhercus even after many years . y ,
  
  Similar structures of a larger ate are placed near the opening of every coal-pit for the accommodation pi the miners ; tram-roads intersect the ground in every direction ; and in many piaces , steam issues from fissures and holes in the basks , so hot as to make it painful to hold the hand in it fora moment Such is tie difference in general appearance within four miles , —and in the iBhabitants is a * great a change . Instead of rude cottage buildings , the bouses are decorated with staring- eoloaraj window-shutters are painted ia tbe . strongest contrasts of blue and brickdust ; iron scroll work painted green serves for eortain , while a range of garden pots of the brightest red are generally placed on a shelf half way up the window .
  
  Instead of the mild , low accent in which the nailers of the valley speak , the tone ia land and harsh , and the dialect scarcely to be understood except by long acquaintance with the county . I remember , when a * hild , being electrified by a smart alap on tbe sheulder , awempanied by " Ou ' se na ate , wancfe J" which being Interpreted meant an hospitable inquiry , why I did not eatmore . . " ^ Maifcez , " bawls a damsel fpon a haase 4 oo » to bermottwr in tt » fields opposite , " whae * * aij feytbert portage cup i - _ "O ' er nuut ti » ateaki , - ahouta th . aateoa in
  
  Tfce b » of nicknames Is aniTersal , and the droll applkabiiity of many of them speaks much for the n * - ] taral htanour possessed by the natives , while tieir i » ffl ^ ia proverbial ; so high ia its tone of moral JeeUng [ except In one small corner of thia region , the ! limit * of which are so clearly defined , tkat even mar- ! rages oat of it are rare ) , that no attempt at palliation 4 ) r extenuation of it ia ever TmyHp How sorrowful to rtfiect Qoi such a people should neither receive a fair reward Sot their labour , cor more inftrastida than they can gaiter while cbMreBitthe Brad s * actooolMl .
  
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  Heavy indeed is tfce satire presented by South Staffordshire to that false philanthropy which sends teachers and aids of all kinds to distant lands—forgetting to look at home . —Illuminated Magazine .
  
  INHUMAN CONDUCT OF THE MASTER OF A UNION WORKHOUSE . About a month ago a poor man , named William Hearnden , a vendor of writing paper , called at the office of the DUpalch , in an agony of mind that cannot be described without harrowing up the feelings of our readers , and related that his little daughter Emma , an inmate of tbe Blean union poor-house at Berne , had , by order of the governor , been locked up in the deadhouse of the establishment , as a punishment for wetting her bed . This statement was corroborated by a letter the poor fellow held in his hand from another daughter ( Elizabeth ) , who had visited Emma in the union , and learned from her the ill-treatment she had experienced . The Editor of the Dispatch at once communicated with the Poor * law Commissioners , at Somerset-house , through j the medium of Edwin Chad wick , Efq Ia his letter i the matter was briefly stated , and tbe Commissioners ,
  
  i greatly to their credit , at once directed tbe Board of , Guardians to prosecute an ijrvestigatien into the buti-| ness , and acqnaint them with the resalt The Board : accordingly instituted an inquiry—what an irqairy ! ! and came to the conclusion that Emma Hearndeu had ' never been within the walla of tbe dead-house either j by day or night , and that the Board of Guardians j were perfectly satisfied that such were the facts 1 Of coarse such a conclusion a this sagacious Board j arrived at was sufficient to throw discredit upon our ' statement ; bat , after the lapse of a few days , having in j tb * meantime made further inquiry , we again thought ; proper to biat to the Poor Law Commissioners , that > not only wa » our statement corroborated by some obser-^ vations made by the editor of the Kati Herald , but that I that spirited Individual had stated that too great seve-, r ity was ased in punishing the boys and girls in the house ' ¦ ¦ by flogging . "
  
  The Commissioners were dissatisfied with the Guardians' report . They placed no faith in its correctness , and accordingly they appointed an investigation to take place before Mr . Hall ; and a more searching inquiry , we believe , was never instituted . Our reporter was present during the whole of the proceedings , and by that gentleman we have been placed in possession of a foil sod faithful report of the investigation ; but the following outline will be found sufficient to establish the truth of our statement , and confirm the guilty , criminal , and atrocious conduct of the master . The inquiry took place in the Board-Room of the ILiion House at Herne Common , on Monday , and the meeting was declared by tbe Commifcaionef , at the request of several of the Guardians , to be an open one ; in consequence of which the room throughout the day was crowded by persons from Herne , Herne Bay , and surrounding places .
  
  Mr . Walker , solicitor , of Canterbury , attended to watch the proceedings on the part of the accused , and Mr . T . T . Da Lasaux , Coroner for East Kent , kindly stepped forward on behalf of the poor friendless child . The following Guardians of the respective parishes were present : —Mr . Rammell , Chairman ; Mr . G . Goddard , Yice-Chsinnan ; Mr . Hyder ; Mr . "W . F . Hilton ; Mr . Isaac Sladden ; Mr . Wootton , Chislet ; Mr . Wootton , Westbere ; Mr . Knight ; Mr . W . Denne ; Mr . Bedwell ; Mr , F . Neame ; Jdr . Wacher ; and Mr . G . Austen .
  
  Mr . Hall briefly opened the business , after which Emma Hearnden was called in and examined . She stated that she was between nine and ten years of age , and that up to Friday but , at which time Mr . De Las » ux took her away , she had bees an inmate of the workhouse , and had lived there nearly two years , during which pariod she had often been shut up in a room called the dea ^ -house , by order of tbe master , who would often , when be came up to read prayers to the children , ask if she had " wet her bed ; " and if the other girls said yes , he used to say , " then she shall go down to the dead-room . " Sometimes she w&s taken there , and sometimes she went on being told to go , as she dared , not refuse . On one occasion , about a year ago , she was taken there by the " young
  
  mistress" ( the daughter of the master ) , at which time the body of Mrs . Ing let on , who had died the day before , was in the room ; the body was covered over with a sheet , but the face was not ; it was lying on a board , and some straw under the bead , and two carpenter ' s stools ( trusties ) supported it from the ground . She cried very much , and begged to be let out ; she was placed in the dead-house shortly after breakfast , aad Wia released just before dinner time ; and on the following day , in tbe afternoon , sba was again placed there , and the body was still lying there . On this occasion she was not let out till it was " darkish ; " tbe women and children were about going to bed . Sametimes sh » wss locked in and sometimes not . One or more times she slept there , when there was a bed
  
  carried in for her , and on these occasions she was locked in , but when she was not , she did not dare to come ont , and if she cried , ker young miBttess would bring a cane and beat her on the back . Witness believed that she had told one of the gentlemen present (' meaning the guardians ) , but could not identify which ; but not when she was examined by tbtm a short time ago , as she was afraid to de so , as if she h&d she would have been punished , not by iho guardians—they bad never punished her , or ordtred her to be punished , but she was afraid of the master , who has often slapped her with his hands for the offence alluded to , and he said if she said anything about him when she went our , he would give it her wben sbe came home again .
  
  Mrs . Holborn , now residing at Herne Bay , was , in March , 1 & 43 , an inmate , with five children , of the workhouse . Remembers Mrs . lugleton dying on a Sunday , and she helped to lay out the dead body , and assisted in taking it to the dead-house . It was put in a shell , and some straw laid under tbe head , a sheet was thrown over tbe body , but not over the face . On the following morning , Emma Hearnden was locked in the room by Sarah Bailey , the master ' s daughter . The child cried very much , and witness , with another woman , went to the window and endeavoured to console her . Bhe was clasping her hands together and begged to be released . The room ia question w&s known by the name of tbe " dead-housa "
  
  Mrs . Browning , also an inmate at tbe time , was next sworn . She gave tbe same facts in evidence as the above , but said that the body ms not in a shell , but only on the li d ef one . Mr . Walker asked her if she had any conversation with the child af ler she came out ef tke r # om , to which the witn « ss somewhat sharply replied , •¦ No , I dared hardly to spesk to my own children . " Sarah Overy , also in the workhouse at the same time , csrroborited the last two witnesses . She also assisted in removing the body of Mrs . lnglston ; she went twice to the window to pacify the child , and persuade her not to cry bo . On the second day , tbe Court was opened at eleven o ' clock , and was again soon filled by au anxious auditory . Previous to tbe examination of tbe witnesses ,
  
  Mr . Austin said that the rate-psyers of the ville of tbe Archbishop ' s Pdlacs bad come to the resolution ef engaging Mr . 3 > . Lasanx , professionally , to watch the case in their name on behalf of the child . A number of witnesses were examined on be > . alf of tbe master , the principal of whom wss Mary Walker ; who seated that Emma was never punished . Never kept on bread acd water . Never locked up . Never punished in any other way . Emma was in the habit of wetting her bed , but never punished for it . Had been reprimanded , as the other girls had complained to the mistress about it . and she bad been threatened to be
  
  sent down to the straw-room to sleep , but she never waB sent down . The threat was only said to frighten her . The straw-room is one of the lower rooms away from the other sleeping rooms . It had been formerly tbe dead-room , but not for the last twelve months . The dtad-room is now two doers from it Mrs . Ingleton died on tbe 12 : h of March . No girl could be shut np without witness knowing it . Emma Hearnden waa once shut up , it was in April , but does not remember what day of the month Jt was , for wetting her bed . The school mistresss shut her up ( Miss Sarah Bailey acts as upper school mistress ) only about one hour .
  
  [ This witness , like all the others for the master , had evidently been well " crammed" before wming into " court . " ] Mr . Hall asked if they intended to produce any further " evidence ? Mr . Walker said , " No ; " it had been intended to have examined Sarah Bailey , " the yonng mistress" so often named , but he should decline doing bo . Mr . Hall remarked , that Mr . Walker had been well advised . Mr . Hall thanked the Guardians for their attendance , and tiated that the evidence would be bud before the Commissioners .
  
  This is the evidence to support our statement ; and the public may glean from it that , but for the exposures ol the press—when that engine is fearlessly employed , ; and arrayed on the side of truth—what gross inhu- ] manity would prevail in our public estabUshment ? , and bow much poverty would be exposed to the bruto nature of nu in authority . Here we have the case of a poor child , -whose parent , to our knowledge , has j seen better dtya , thrown into a dead house , as a punish- JBcnt , because the b ' ttle creature wetted the bed on I which she slept J Never was anything half so inhuman i —*» monstrourip brutal—as the conduct of th « master ) boa proved , if ^ er man possessed a demon heart , Uaefioveraar of thB Blean Union ia that person ; ' his conduct to E-ims Hearden must be execrated ! of 1
  
  by parsons » I colours and ereed «; and no- i thing ahort of txpulslon from hi . situation wixl ! satisfy an BUtraged peblic Mrs . Holboro'a evidence as U the fact of finding tbe child in the dead-house , i with the corpse of Mrs . Ingleton , affords a dreadful i proof of the shocking treUmeat to the jnvenUe paupera . j Mrs . Holbora said * little Emma was locked up in the ' dead-toase bj Sarah Bailer , the mas ter * daughter ;! wben she saw the poor thfctg , she waa clasping her hands and begging to be released ! ' The witnessi Browning corroborated Mrs . Ealbdrn ' s statement ; but ' she did not speak to tbe little prisoner , seeing ¦ that > she hardly dartd to do so to her own children ! ' What ' a very hell upon earth must a ooion workhomse be , where motherly womtn and children , if they look
  
  awry , are liable to be punished . ' We sow come to the evidence for the defence ; and , i In the Snt place , a girl named Mary Walker la called . She declares that Ensta waa never locked np , and asya , moreover , that Emma Hearnden'a slater released j her . Another witness , one Sarah White , told so many j lie * for Mi&t Bailey and hei father , as to < i « tro / iei j
  
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  credibility . In fact , tbe evidenco for the defence waa a weak invention , and went far to support tbe charge . We have no wish to triamph over a man whose guilt had now b # en proved beyond the possibility of doubt ; but we must take credit to ourselves for having brought the matter to an issue most satisfactory to the ends or justice , but most damnatory to the reputation of tbe master and his amiable daughter . These exposures are calculated to do Immense good . They tend to curb the vicious , and rein in those whose natures , if they were left alone , would outrage and disgrace humanity .
  
  Our reporter has especially noticed the conduct of Mr . De Lassaux , GK Austen , Esq ., and Mr . Sharp , of the CasUe Inn , who have been indefatigable in tbeir endeavours to promote the ends of justice . Indeed , uuch has been the excitement at Canterbury , Herne Bay and their neighbourhoods that persons of all ( hades of politics , warmly , pressed forward in behalf of the littl * girl who , it has bow been proved , was so brutally treaUci ; at tbe instance of the master and his daughter Betsy . — ' Abridged from the Weekly Dispatch . i Horrible Pbofligacy in the West London Ukion Wobkhouse . —Not long since , a porter named ; Crowley—we may as well give the name of the man—1 walked about the precincts of the Workhouse in a state of loathsome disease : this fellow communicated the
  
  complaint to three or four girls ; and notwithstanding the fact was notorious , the Guardians suffered him to remain in his situation , to do more mischief , if be thought proper ; and Crowley did not leave until he was fined £ 5 for ill-treating a policeman , when he bolted , in order to avoid paying the flue . Another porter , whose name is Stroud , enacted an equally vile part A poor deaf and dumb girl , not long since , was missing from one of the wards . Inquiry was made to ascertain her hiding-place , but without tffect for some time ; at length the superioress of the ward , as though Bhe had reason to suspect Stroud ' a conduct , intimated tbat the affixted girl might be concealed in the porter's lodga . Two or three stout matrons volunteered their Bervicea to search Stroud ' a room ; and there the dumb girl was discovered in his bed ! Scenes of the greatest profligacy have been brought home to parties ; yet we do not bear that they were even admonished for their conduct Stroad ' sbehaviour was iafcmous , but was he dismissed ?
  
  O , no ; his crime was considered of so trifling a character , tbat he was suffered to remain in hia situation ; and it was not until the lapse of a considerable period tbat he was discharged for another 1 fiance . We defy the Guardians to contradict these statement *; and we ask whether they can reasonably expect any hotter conduct in the establishment controuled by them than that recently exhibited by Ashplant ? We truht the Poor Law Commissioners , for tbe protection of the females who may become inmates of the West London Union—for their own honour—for the sake of public morals and decency—for religion ' s sake , and all that is sacred upon earth , will throw the shield of protection around a parcel- of unprotected girls ; and instead of allowing them to be trained to the path of vice , wil have principles of virtue , morality , au 4 religion instilled into their youthful minds . We may add , that wheu the Guardians become a reforming body , we may expect things to be better looked after . — Weekly Dispatch .
  
  Tfoveign Enuluctenu.
  
  tfoveign EnUlUctenu .
  
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  FKANCE Pbogress of Republicanism . —The correspondent of the Dispatch states tnat the Republican pa « ty is gaining great ground , and is rapidly augmenting its numbers and its influence . Wiih all the vigilance of the police , and all the activity of tho spy system , secret meeiings are held frequently in Pans ; and an active correspondence is kept up , not sOuly wuh provincial associations of a similar kind , but also with the Republicans of Italy , Spain , and Germany . The Republicans in Paris possess an immense secret fund , to which some of the leading individuals of French society , such as Arago , the celebrated
  
  astronomer and Deputy . ; David , the famous t-oulptor , and others , —not forgetting Armand Marrast , auoble disciple of Carrel , —contribute . —The efforts of the French Republican agents in Germany and Italy have produced an immense effect ; nor have recent events in Greece been altogether independent of the same springs of action . Defeatof thbMisjstby . —The Ministry sustained a defeat on Wednesday , in the Chamber of Deputies , on a clause of tbe Recruiting of the Army Bill . Ministers were anxious to increase the time of service from seven to eight years ; but a majority of seven negatived the proposition .
  
  The Pbiests . —The excitement got up by the clergy on the subject of education , is becoming every day more alarming , and it gives threat uneasiness 10 the Government . On Saturday , tho Minister of the Interior received despatches from the Prefects of Morbihan and Fimskrre , which give a most unsatisfactory account of the state of these provinces . Tne smaller clergy are doing all they can to excite the people ; and a great number of instances are giveil in which the priests interrupted divine servioe to harangue the people on tbe attempts made to destroy religion , and oblige their parishioners to sign protests against the Education Bill w ,. ich is now before the Chamber of feers . The Government is placed in a complete dilemma by thete demonstrations , and it is difficult to say how the conduct of the clergy is to be met .
  
  Is ' tw French ; Tariff . —The Monitcur of Wednesday contains the ministerial project of law regpecling the customs as laid before the Chamber ot Deputies on Tuesday . One of its principal provisions is to raise the duty upon all machinery imported into France from foreign countries . The present duty is thirty per cent , ad valorum on steam engines , and fifteen per cent , on other machinery ; and these duties are to be greatly increased . There is very little change made with respect to the importation of thread and linen cloths , and the opposition papers attack the government severely for not baring afforded additional protection to the home manufactures of France .
  
  SPAIN . Qieen Christina made her public entry into Madrid on Sunday , the 24 tfi inst . Senor Muuoz , who btdl remains at Paris , has bees raised to the peerage , preparatory to a regular marriage with the Queen mother . The affair is thus given in gome ot the Paris papers : — " M . Mun&z , Chamberlain to the Queen of Spain , an old superior officer of the G . iard , has received the titles of Duke of Riatzares , aud ot Grandee of Spain of tho first class , " Cakthagena . — A telegraphic despatch dated Madrid , March 27 . h , states that Carthagena surrendered at discretion on Che 25 th uit . Moke Blood . —The work 01 vengeance is not yet over at Alicant : " woe to the vanquished" in Spain . A letter from Orihuela of the 16 . h inst ., published in the ministerial Castellano , gives the tallowing additional executions : —
  
  " The day before yesterday seven of those who took an active part in the rebellion were shot at Alicant . It is said that up to fifty are to suffer this terrible punishment , imposed by the military commission , and that more than 200 will be seat to the presidios" ( put to hard labour . ) "Othtrs have also been shot in their respective villages . " The above seven , not including the " others" shot and not kept account of , amounts already to fifty since the siege of Alicant began ; besides two women sentenced on the 18 ^ h at Barcelona 10 two and six years' hard labour respectively , for being privy to their husband ' s treasons aud not informing against them !
  
  in addition to the sixty five individuals denounced at Alicant a few days since by Genoral Roncali . the Madrid Ministerial journal publish a list of thirtynine others , all of whom are sought for to suffer the penalty of high treason ; and similar denunciations of being pas ; dos par las armas ( shot ) are levelled at all who niuy secrete them !
  
  ITALY . Serions disturbances have taken place in Naples . According to a latter from that capital of the 1 . 8 . ih inst ., a movement has also taken place at Cocenza , in Calabria . The people attacked the residence of the Prefect and the soldiers' barracks . In making the attack , their cry was " Down with the Government ! ' * * ' Long live Liberty and the Constitution !" Three men were killed on the side of tho people , and a great number wounded . Of the troops upwards of thirty were killed , among whom waa Captain Galuppi and an under officer , besides a great many
  
  wounded . The Government has taken active measures to put down these disturbances , and great bodies of troops are now marching into Calabria . Several battalions have also been dispatched to Sicily , where disturbances are apprehended . Considerable alarm prevailed at Naples , as the movement had extended over the whole of Italy . Numerous additional arrests had taken place in the Romagna , and among others the Canon Brasa . Letters from Leghorn state that the sentence pro . nonnced by the Military Ccmmifsion on the insurgents , lately tried , had been confirmed by tho Pope . Many of them h&d been condemned to tbe galleys
  
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  for life . These disturbances , of course , are exciting the anxious attention of Austria , and as the miserable ayatem of Government under the Pope renders it impossible to suppress domestio insurrections without foreign aid , a good plea will be made out for marching troops to Rome , aad possibly also to Naples . More Revolts . —A letter from Rome , of the 12 ch , in the Leipsic Gazette , says : — " A great excitement continues to prevail at Ravenna and Bologna . A < ew days ago a conflict took place between the population of Faenza and some gendarmes , who were killed , and their bodies were mutilated . It appears that similar excesses have taken place at Rimini . " The Augsburg Gazelte t ot' the 24 th , states that a few Jays previously an attempt at insurrection was made it Imola . It was put down , and several of the rioters were arrested . Some were wounded , aad others saved themselves by flight .
  
  The Church in Danger . —In letters from Rome of the 18 th , it is stated that tho Cabinet of Vienna bas intimated to the Pontifical Government , its intention of sending a body of Austrian troops into the Legations . At the time that this transpired , a courier extraordinary arrived from Naples , bringing accounts of the troubles which have broken out at CooeLza and at 'Irani . It was said that the insurgents at Trani bad marched upon Foggia , and that the Marquis del Carrotio , the Minister of Police , had proceeded at the head of a large body of gend'armerie to put down the revolt . These accounts put tho people of Rome into a state of great excitement , and that excitement was greatly increased when a Pontifical ordinance was issued , ordering a public mourning of three days , during which every one is obliged to fast and to offer up public prayers , supplicating God and tho Virgin to save 1 ho Church from the storm with which it is threa
  
  tuned . Lntkrfereuce op the Austrian Despot . —A variety of . rumourt ; are abroad as to the intentions of Austria to interfere in favour of the Italian governments , by marching an army to Rome aud Naples to their assistance . By some it is baid that both the King of Naples and the Pope have demanded assistanoe from the Cabinet of Vienna , which hesitates what to do . Others say , that Austria has offered assistance , which has been accepted by the Pope , but deoJined by his Majesty of Naples . fiRCA ' SiA . —A letter published in the Gazelle a"Augsburg Btates that the people of Caucasus havo recently gained some successes over the Russians , and that the famous Dschamil , whom the
  
  Tschetchons find the Kkzes venerate as a prophet , bas made himself master of the whole of northern Daghestan , and at the same tiuie has opened the road from Kishin to Balla , besides taking possession of tb . o town of Tarki , on the Capsiau faea . The mountaineers have taken several- forts by assault , and the garrisons , after defending themselves desperately against an enemy twenty times moie numerous than themselves , havo been shot or bayonetted . On the other hand , the towns which have joined the Russians were subjected to tho same fata . The people were either murdered or oarried into slavery , On the lo ^ h of December ,
  
  General Kludge and Colonel Pakitsch rescued the garrison of the fort of Scrano , which was closely invested by the enemy . Dochamil was obiiged to betake himself to the mountains , carrying with him the guns which he had taken . In spriug the operations against the mountaineers are to rec mmence . The Russian infantry will be increased to 134 battalions . There is no word of the recall of General Yermolloff . The Genoral alleges that it will take half a century to conquer the Caucasus , but he adds , that it is necessary for the Russians to possess that route of communication with Central Asia , and that they will end by having it .
  
  TURKEY . Private correspondence from Constantinople of the 13 th ult . announces , that on that day the Porte delivered a reply to the note of the British and Freuch Ambassadors , respecting the execution of relapsed renegades , which was believed to be of an unsatisfactory nature .
  
  UNITED STATES . The packet-ship Virginian , Captain Allen , which sailed from New York on the 11 th ult ., arrived at Liverpool on Monday afternoon , bringing papers to the date of her tailing , or five days later than had been previously received . The most important news brought by this arrival is that on Friday , the 8 th of March , Mr . M'Kay handed in to the House of Representatives a new Tariff Bill , as reported by the Chairman of tho Committee of Ways and Means , proposing that the maximum duty on imports shall be thirty per cent , until the 1 st of September , 1845 ,
  
  and afterwards twenty-five per cent ., and that tbe valuation shall be the cost and charges at tho p lace of exportation . Tho duties not fixed by the new bill are to be the same as that of 1842 Mr . Calhouu , one of the foremost of AmericaH politicians , had accepted , under Mr . Tyler , tho office of Secretary of btate , vacant by tho death of the former Secretary , who was killed on board the Princeton . This will not make much , if any , difference , in the telative position of the candidates for the Presidency , as it appears t /> be understood that Mr . Van Buren is to be the next democratic candidate
  
  The Presidency . —The Democratic Convention at Harmburg , Pennsylvania , bas nominated the Hun . Henry A . Muhlenburg , of Berks , for the office of Governor of Pennsylvania . On the Presidential question a vote was taken , Martin Van Buren receiving 91 , R . M . Johnson 36 , and Lewis Cass 1 . Van Buren was therefore declared their choice for the Presidency , and Colonel Johnson was then nomiaated by acclamation for tho Vice-Presidency .
  
  CANADA . The Canada papers say that an amnesty has been received from the Home Government , pardoning all Canadian rebels , but not extending tbat pardon to strangers . INDrA AND CHfNA . Teleobathic Di path , Malta , March 20 th . — " The Indian Mail of the 1 st Murch adds nothing to the events of Gwalvor , but the return of the army within the British territory / with the artillery and ! other contributions obtained from thit State , and ' the formation of the subsidiary contingent to be com- ' manded by British officers . The rievrs from China , which is dated the 12 th of January , is purely commercial . "
  
  FOREIGN MISCELLANY . The Tbaitob of the Barricades—It ia rumoured that the contemplated visit of his Maj « ty King , Louis Philippe to this country will take place early ' in June , and that his Majesty will be accompanied ' by tftt Queen and the Prince and Pnnce 3 des Join- ; ville Standard . ] Thr Pkess in Fbance— " There are at this mo- ' men > in France , " says tho Reformt , " this ancient , land of liberty—27 editors of newspapers confined 1 in prison . Since 1830 jjurnahsm has paid 7 , 600 , 000 f in fines ' , and incurred judgments amounting to im- j prixunment for 184 years and 10 months . "
  
  Marshal Soult—By the death of . the King of Sweden , Marshal Soult has become the sole survivor j of all the eighteen Marshals of the Empire created 1 by Napoleon in 1804 , at the camp of Boulogne . Death of Thohwaslden thej SciaproK . —Copejj- j hage . n , Makch 26 " . —The celebrated Thonvaslden ' died suddenly the day before yesterday . He was j taken ill : in the theatre , carried out , and died immediately . He was 74 years old . From the Rhine , March 20 . —Accounts from Copenhagen , which may be depended on , confirm the ntws from Washington , that the Americans threaten to interfere by force in the affair of the 1 Souni duties . We hear that Great Britain and Russia have been requested to intervene by diplomatic negotiations in this matter . ' :
  
  The Whig State Onvention of Pennsylvania has nominated General Joseph Markle for the next governor- ; and tho Democratic Convention has nominated Mr . Muhlonberg . The latter will succeed , as the majority of the Pennsylvaniansaredemocratic . The New YorK ; ' Native American Association" is increasing , aud intends nominating Jas . Harper , one ot the Kr « sat and rich publisher ! 5 , as mayor . Me . W . Siraiford , laie of Eugland , was accidentally killed on Friday , at Lewjstowu , Pennsylvania . The Governor ot Mississippi states , in & late address , that only one person in fifteen , in that state , of the white population , can read . At Now Orleans , on the 24 th ult ..
  
  Colonel D . H . Twogood was killed at a political meeting , by C . Hornsley , Esq . JDr . Brisbane , of South Carolina , has stated his intention to free all his slaves , and settle them comfortably on some lands in Ohio . The University a * . St . LouiB was much injured by tho populace a few days since , owing to the improper exposure of some mutilated bodies by the medical students , having excited popular indignation . A bill abolishing imprisonment for debt has passed the Legislature of Maryland . A female clave has been arrested in Richmond , charged wtt > h poisoning three of her own children and two white children of the family in which she was living .
  
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  BRIGHTON . —A special general mee ' . ini ? waa held at tbe Cap of Liberty , on Sunday evening last , Mr . Roaer in the cbair . j Mr . Page nominated and Mr . Najlor seconded Feavgua O'Connor , Esq ., Thomas M . Wheeler , Philip M Grath , Henry Ross , and Thomas Ciuik as fit and proper persona to eerve as tho Executive National Charter Asaociation . The meeting waa addressed by Messrs . ^ Foist , Divey , Giles , Virgo , and others , who spoke Very bigtily of the above named gentlemen . On the motion being put , it was carried unanimously . We are happy to state the i ? ood cause is progressing in this town ; now members are enrolled almost evtjry meeting inigbt .
  
  BlLSTON—The Chartists of this locality held thuir usual weekly meetiDg in the large room ? in Stafibrdetreet , on Sunday evening " last . After tbe busings * of the meeting was ended , the committee expressed tbeir anxious desire tbat Air . O'Connor she aid pay this locality a visit , on bis read home from tbe Conference about to be held in Manchester . They are assured that much good wo » id be the result to the Chinist causa . A letter was read from T . Thornlay , E > q , wlaich had been written respecting a memorial again * t the fourth clause of the ! Masters aad Sorvants B'il . Mr . Thornley expressed his satisfaction of theproceedir . gaof the working classes of BilstvH at the same time promising that Mr . Villitjrs and himself would pay every attention to tbe Bill on its next discussion after Easter . DUBLIN — A placard having been posted throughout the c'ty , on Saturday , headed " Tna State Tri . ils and the Repeal of the Union , ' and announcing that the Chartists of Dublin would meet at their Hall , No . 14 , North Anne-atreet , at one o ' clock next day , when a motion for tbe Repeal of the Union would be submitted to the meeting , there was a considerable attendance of members and others at the appointed hour . As usual upon such occasions two of the iiwpectors of the Metropolitan Police presented themselves at the dour , and were invited by the president to walk in . take seats , and ht-ar wbafc was going on , Tfcey politely declined the invitation , and s . iid that they had b < jeu aur&c ' ed there by the placardsiand tho crowd . The police havo ^ been heretofore ) in the habit of tearing down the placards
  
  as fast as tkey were posted ; but in the present instance they did not meddle , with them . The following note was appended to the placards . " N . B . As copies of tbis placard have been sent to all the police offices and Station-houses in Dublin , the police have no excuse for tearing thorn down or meddling with them . " Tbis precaution had the desired effect . Not a placard was touched . At half past one o ' clock Mr . Patrick Moran waa called to the chair . The Chairman stated the nature end intention of the resolution of which notice had been given the previous Sunday . Hfi said that be had joined the Chartists in Eu ^ laud in 1841 , ami thnt independently of the principles of the Charter , with which no honest man ; could find fault , but on tbe contrary approve , he would have joined the Chartists
  
  because he found them every where , in public and , in private , tho sincere arid honest advocates of the ri « fets and liberties of tho people of Ireland—icheere . ) He knew that these vilified and calumniated people petitioned ParJtiment to disarm the Orange Yeomanry of the North of Ireland , or to arm thb Catholics so as they should be on a perfect equality with their Orange neighbours —( hear , hear ) . Now he wouki ask did that look like hostility to the Irish , as was otated over and over again by a certnin great personage whom he should not nameju 8 t at present ? . ; He ( Mr . Moraui could noc see either the wisdom or the honeaty in makintt the people of Ireland believe thatitheir real trun hear'ed friends , tbe Chartists of England , were thfi-r emiuits . What good oHdct was to be achieved by tfce u « ver-ended
  
  repetition of this \ atrocious calumny ? The author of it knows it to be falsa ; and yet , ha continues to repeat it , and at the same time nfF . cts a gie-t regard for religion and morality . The public htvinij beorat disgusted with this falsehood , a new charge tqjiliy false and mme despicable has been got up againut the Chartists They are now accused of being the worst enemies of Keform ; that they disturb and upset nli public meetings for Reform . Now he ( Mr . Moran ) would tell the ineetingithe kind of Keformers th * y overthrew . There is a gentleman of tbe name of R cu » rd CoMen , the leader of the Anti-Corn League , who wrote a pamphlet some years since , which pamphlet he ( Mr . Moran ) held in his hand and from which he should read a few extracts . [ TheChairniantheureadsever . il
  
  parts of Mr . Cobdeu ' s pamphlet , in whicd fee describes the Irish , people as a low , filthy , degrade ! race , addicted by instinct to all manner of vice , and bring iu ^ tbeir low abominable habits into every country in which they got a footing , contaminating society wherever they went . In another part be eays that the Catholic religion Is a disgrace to human nature 3 Now this is the libeller whom the Chartists oppose ; and Mr . O'Gonnell accuses them of being enemies Of Reform , because tuey will not cheer this libeller of bis religion and bis countrymen—( shame , shame ) . It is a shame . Walter of the Times has been assailed , while Cobden bas not only been passed over , but when ' Mr . O'Connell was Lord Mayor of Dublin he invited tbis Bame Cobden to Dublin , to deliver lectures a' the Mansion-house for a Repeal
  
  of the Corn Liwa , which means low wages for vhe working men and greater profits for tbe manufacturers and spinners . Besides , ' tbe Repeal of the Corn Laws , unaccompanied by otner measures of far greater importance , would , if carried , have tbe tfll-ct of turning adrift upon tbe world thousands of small tillage farmers ; because catt ' . e would then be more profitable than corn , and consequently the landlords , who are itching to get rid of the small farm tenantry , would convert all th « tillage farms into pasturag * . This turning out would be nearly as bad as the destruction of tbe honest forty shilling freeholders —( bear , hear ) . He ( Mr . Moran ) could not comprehend how it was that Mr . O'Connell always threw himself into tbe arms of tbe enemies of his country . Why has he tieated with contumely nnd
  
  scorn tbe honest Caartieta of England , while he takes by the hand and i-xtols to the skies the Auti-Curn Law League , the sworn enemies of the Repeal of tbe Union ? He baa now be < n forty-tbree years coquetting with tbe Whigs , and what has he obtained f-r irdaud from them ? a Coercion Act , a Tithe Act , a Municipal Reform Act , vesting -all the political power which formerly belonged to the old corporations in the L > rd Lieutenant ior the time being , a Rural Police Act , aucl a Poor La , w Actj' which excludes the catholic ; clergy from the guardianship of the poor , and mabea the enemies of tbe poor , the magistrates , ex- < . ilicio guardians . These , and { many more similar beniil ' . s , he got from the Whiga : aad now , after all , he is working heaven and earVh to get thiB deceitful faction back
  
  again Into power . By what authority did be subscribe £ 100 of the Repeal Rent to the Anti-Corn Law Leagne Fuud the other day ? Is this one of the purposes for which the hard-earned pence of the poor ir eh labourer was subscribed ? The ! poor Irishman subscribes his money in the hope of helping thereby to Rspeal the Union , little thinking tbat that money will be banded ovar to help to tu < n him oat of his little holding . ( Hear , hsar . ) He ( Mr . Moran ) had nearly forgotten to state that the cit zans of Dublin were saved , thts shame and disgrace of having cheered their traducer , Mr Richard Cobden , by that Association . When the Irish Universal Suffrage Association heard that Mr . Ojbden was about to come btre . jtbey placarded what be wiote « f the Irish people and their religion ; tbe consequence
  
  waa that he w&s afraid ; to come , and the citizens were saved the disgrace of cheering and , supporting hinu The question to bu submitted to the meeting was a very important one . Hwjuld prove th ' vt we are r « ul Repealers and no mistake . A discussion upon the merits of Repeul in ti ? B Hoaso ot Commons would do a great deal of good . { The House of Commons Wus the proper place to agitate the question ; and tie hoped tbat Mr . Duncombe would bring It forward . Before Le sat down he would say that every one present , whether members or not , should Shave an attentive bearing , if they bad apy wiah to address the meeting . Mr . Moran , resumed hia seat amidst Joud and long continued plaudits , f he secretary ; Mr . Dyott , having read th « rules and objeets of the j Association , and the minutea of the Isut day ' s proceedinge , called opoa Mr . O Hi ^ ins to proceed with the motion of which he had given notice the previous Sunday . Mr . OHiggirs rose , aud "
  
  and an ablo statement of the origin . and progress of th « Repeal movement from the period of ita revival in 1830 , when it was got up by Mr . O'Counell to thwart i Earl Grey ' s Government because tbat Government 1 made * Judge ot SolicitorrGeneral Diberty m opposi- { tion to Mr . O Com . ell , down to Uia present period j shewing that the agitation ; of that measure waa better ! and more profitable than ; a landed estate to those who { undetto « k the peculiar patronage of the movement . 1 Nothing , he said , could vex them more than tho cany- < ing of that mtasure into law . At present some of them i were £ 10 00 d worse than nothing . Ttiey paid thoir debto i out of the Repeal rent . It was an act of justice to the poor Irish dupes to bring the question forward in Parlathent . It will be len years next June since Jdr . F . argus O'Connor brought forward the Repeal question ' j Mr . O'Conneli said it » ii piematunjly brought be- [ fore Parliament ; and he ;( Mr . O'Higgins ) eatd that it ' would be always premature , wbil © Mr , OConuell got
  
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  £ 20 , 000 a-year by the agitation ef it—Ibear , hear ) . Mr O'Higgins concluded amidst cheers and disapprobation , by moving tbe following resolution : — " Tbat recent proceedings in Dublin and in London , between the Whigs and the Repeal leader , indicate the abandon * ment of the R epeal movement , for the purpose of forming a coalition of Whigs and Repealers with a view to restore tbe Whig party to power . Tbat in ihe opinion of this Association such a coalition would not only be fatal to Repeal but to public liberty , becauwthe Whig * whom Mr . O'Connell jnstly designated as base-, bloody , and brutal , passed , while in office , the English Poor Law Amendment Act , the Irish Coercion Act to put down Repeal , and several other acts calculated snd intended to sap the foundation of public liberty ; , that
  
  while in power they have been the most insidious enemies of tbe people ; that in order to prevent this deceitful faction from getting into power again by affect * ing sympathy for the wrongs and sufferings of the people of Ireland , or under the pretence of being the advocatesof the vague and indefinite term , "justtoetolreland " . and with an earnest desire to accelerate the Repeal of the Union , test the sincerity of those who cheered th& Repeal leader on entering the House of Commons , aud prove whether those Whig cheers for the man shall bec « rried inta votes for that measure , the agitation of which elicited such unequivocal marks of their approbation ; the Chartists of Great Britain are requested to use their influence with their parliamentary leader , Thos . S . Dvrocombe , Esq ., to cause him to bring
  
  forwarda motion for tho Repeal of the Union between Great ; Britain and Ireland on as early a day as possible before the 15 th of April next ; to move a call <* f the House for the occasion ; and in tbe event of being in a minority , to divide the House upon the question . " Mr . H . Clare said that it afforded him great pleasure to sscondHha motioD . The man must be wilfully blind who does nob see tbat the House of Commons is the proper place to agitate the Repeal question ; and the man who lacks the moral courage to bring forward these is a very un&fc person to be its leader . Ten years is a very long time to keep a question in abeyance . How is Repeal to be obtained except by a majority in its favour in the House of Commons ? No display of either moral or physical
  
  force outside the House will ever convince the members inside . It is by discussion aod reason they must be convinced . Have any means been taken to convince them during the last ten years ? What has become ot all the money that his poor duped and basely-plundered countrymen subscribed to Repeal the Uaion ? Rivers of blood have been abed by the agitation of that mea * 8 are !_( hear , hear , hear ) . Think of tho thousands of families who have been turned out of their holdings for refusing to vote for any but Repeal candidates —( hear , hear , hear ) . Is not the author of their sufferings answerable before hich Heaven for all the lives Vbat have been lost by following his advice ? "Remember your G > d and your country , " said the simple
  
  , enthusiast , Mrs . Prunty . at the Longford election . I There are tho « saud 3 of Mrs . Pructys , who have , after 1 the elections , been left at the mercy of their landlord ? , j . and driven out upon the high Toads , without a place on earth to shelter them , still clinging to hope in all their sufferings till fever , induced by cold and want , pat a period to their existence ; and this , fer&ooth , is " jiot t shedding one drop of human blood . " Out upon Bach cant ' and hypocrisy ! It is time to put an end to it The j object of the Repeal movement was then , and is now , I to resiore the Whigs to power , noshing more . Alexander Raphael was not a Repealer . Why were the ; electors of Carlo w forced to oppose their landlords for this Raphael ? Who was he ? , What did he care for I the miueries he entailed upon the electors of Carlow . O ! yes , he gave £ 2 000 to the Liberator for nominating him for Carlow ; £ 1 . 000 T » aid down for merely I nominating , tbe other £ 1 , 000 for election ex pence * . But what did the dupes , the electors , net ? They got
  
  soft words , which cost nothing ; and got also turned put of their holdings . But the base Irish Whig press wili not publish these things , lest , as they say , it would make the " Liberator" unpopular . It would have been well for Ireland if he had been unpopular before he tecommeuded the disfranchistiuient of theforty shilling freeholders . These honest dupes were turned out , and died in tba ditches by thousands . Is not tbe blood of every one of them to be laid at the door of Mr . O'Connell ? Yes , he is steeped to the chin in the blood of his innocent confiding countrymen ; and still be punues the old carreer , promising the Repeat ia six months , er his head on a block ; and tbe stupid dupes believe in this false prophet Ten years should have proved to them that it was all delusion . " Is it enough ; or shall he , while a thrill " Lives in your sapient bosoms , cheat you still ?"
  
  He ( Mr . Clark ) hoped and trusted that Mr . Buncombe , with his characteristic love of honesty , would bring the question forward with as little delay as possible . Ha heartily concurred in the resolution , and regretted his want of tileut to do justice to his own feelings in favour of the proposition and the object of it He loved fall dealing , and would be stow to forgive the man whoshuuld dare to make a dupe of him . He felt for bis countrymen who weie reduced to the lowest pitch of political degradation . The poor honest creatures actually imagine that Mr . O'Connell will get the Uaion repealed . Some of them say be is infalllable ; that when he was born there was a green cross on his back with th « words "Ja hoc signo vinces , " which means tbat be is infallible—( roars of laughter ) . It was fanny enough ,
  
  to be Bure . Did it not degrade those who believed it , and tend to bring inio contempt tbe religion which they proposed —( hear , bear , ? Wben Mr . OC > nnell was Lord Mayor , he went to Marlborough-street the first Sunday , where a very eloquent clergyman preached a sermon , in which , amongst other things , be said that O'Connell was a god upon earth compared to his fellow man . This waa going a little too far ; and such sayings lead the people too far . Mr . C . then sat down amidst cheers . Mr . Dyott said be had great pleasure in supporting this motion ; there was an earnestness in it which he liked . He was not going to inflict a speech on them on that occasion ; he had to speak too often perhaps in that room —( no , no ) ;^ but they had as yet a paucity of speakers , and he thought it would be a modesty of
  
  which he ought to be ashamed , if be did not , in the dearth of eloquence which he regretted , take every opportunity of speaking to the glorious principles which th > y professed . Mr . Dyott then ably commented on the again threatened coalition of the Whigs and Repealistsr which could only terminate in the latter placing the Irish question in abeyance , in obedience to the behest ol that •¦ base , bloody , and brutal" faction , tbe members of which had traduced Ireland [ here Mr . D . read an extract from a pamph et by the notorious Richard Coi > riei . J . passed the Coercion Act , prosecuted O'Connell first and then corrupted him ; who had shouted " finality , " after bamboozling the people with a rotten Reform Bill ; who had sought to deprive Canada of hex Constitution ; who hud granted £ 70 , 000 for
  
  dojr-kennels , while they refused to grant more than £ 30 , 000 for education ; who bad sought to give £ 50 , 000 a-year to the Queeu's husband , while the population were in unexampled distress ; who had overrun the country with a Protean police , who , like the D ^ vil , assumed every shape to enirap the wretched people on whom they lived : this denpicable faction , the sinister arm of the aristocracy , which upheld every monopoly and injustice , was conciliated and propitiated by O'Connell and bis dupes , while tha honest Chartists of England , to whom they we o obliged to go for a Chairman at the late London manifestation , were vilified and abused with a ricklets and vindictive mendacity unparalleled in the corrupt annals of political jugglery—( hear , hear , ana cheers ); but Irdand would , dad out the truth ere
  
  long . The democratic press of France had assailed the imposture ; and the late significant proceedings in Cork showed that Chartism was deeply seated in more hearts than its opponents reckoned on . A Gsntleman said he wished to say a few words . On being asked his name and address , fce said that his name was William Kelly , that he lived in the Longlane , and was a gardener . He was not a member , bub if allowed to speak he would soon prove to them that Chartism was founded in error . The Cnairinan ; proceed , Mr . Kelly , we shall be most happy to hear you . Mr . Kelly . Chartism has for Its leading object what is called Universal Suffrage , but what tbe father of his country , the great Liberator of the Irish people all over the gl jbe , more properly calls manhood suffrage with a
  
  fixed residence . N j w Chartism would gi re more political power to property than to persons . And is it fair ,, or just , or reasonable , that a poor man living in a tea ponnd house should bave a vote as well as Mr . O'Connell , the father of his con&try , or Mr ~ Rie , the late Lord Mayor , men who bave upwards o ! £ 1009 a year real property ? and is thi 3 property not to be represented ? You see Chartism is wrong there . You will admit that . But if yon will allow ma to apeak at your next meeting I will prove to you that yon arewrong in many points , as well as in that one . Mr . Mauion said he hail never spoken at a public meeting in his life ; but this proposition of Mr . Kelly ' s was so ridiculously absurd , that a mere donkey should be ashamed if he could not expose its pert and self-sufficient
  
  shallowness . Universal Suffrage is based upon principle ; and that principle is , tbat man is the representative of property , not property the representative of man , as Mr . Kjlly would have it . God made man in his own likeness and image , and-He gave him the earth for his inheritance . He waa to live by the sweat of his brow . Dj the brows of those sweat to whom Mr . K-jlly would give a plurality of votes ? Ia not wealth and its comforts sufficient for the rich , without robbing the labourer of his vote , and giving it to inanimate property ? Besides , Mr . Kelly ' s proposition would le-. d to anarchy , confusion , and all manner of folly . Every principle Has a right to be tried by its extremes . Now be would ask Mr . Kelly , how many votes would he give to a man worth £ 1000 ; how many to a man wortb £ 10 . 000 a year 7 and if the
  
  property were mortgaged , bow would he ascertain the number of votes the man in whom the title existed should have ? According to Mr . Kelly ' s enlightened plan , a man werth £ 1900 a-year ahould hive one hundred votes , if the man worth 410 ahonld have tut one ( hear , hear ; . Wow , Mr . Kelly are yo « answered t HtM the labourer no property In bis skill ? Hss the young doctor no property iu his knowledge and learning ? Has the poor Cv . holic curate no property in his learning , piety , and z ^ il —( hear , bear >? Mr . Kelly : " I dont think I ' m answered at all . " The chaitman : well , Mr ; Kelly , we shall be happy to hear you ou the Sunday uf . er Easier . The meetings of tbis Association will le udj turned till Sunday the Hth of April , at one o ' clock . The question was then put , and carried unanimously * Mr . Woodward was called to the chair , and thanks having been given to Mr . Moran the meetiM separated .
  
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  > WNIES HJicEtVED BY MH . O'CONNOR . SUBSCRIPTIONS . £ S . d . From Swan wick ......... 0 3 0 Lswisham 0 5 0 Hebden Bridge 0 9 7 CARDS . Swan wick 9 I & TfilBUTX . Prom Bolton , per Wm . Howard , from John Wittiker ' s book .... 0 6 6 ^ Junes Lord , do 0 3 3 Peter Cullson , do 0 4 8 Robert Hedge . 006 RECEIPTS BY GENERAL SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . Weavers ' Arms 0 4 4 Northampton 0 5 0 Working Man ' s Hall . „ ... 0 2 6 Brighton , C ap ^ of LUgrtj 0 10 4
  
  Asnwu-undcr-Ljno 0 7 6 BriBtol , Bear-line 0 6 0 Mottram 0 6 0 Halifax 0 3 4 Si > werby Lo&groyd 0 1 10 Do . Helm locality 0 3 4 Lower Warley 0 I 3 Carlisle 0 6 0 Ovenden 0 0 9 Siddal ,... 0 0 8 NewcMile-upon-Tyne ...... 0 IS 0 Cannon Coffee-house 0 2 t , Crown and Anchor , W . T . 0 4 0 Stratford 0 2 0 Jdr . Browett , thirteen weeks 0 1 1 TRIBUTE . Standardof Liberty , Bricklane 0 7 i > Bath , per T .-Bolwell 0 2 b Mottram , per W . PattUou 0 0 6 CARDS . Bromsgrove 0 3 8 Working Um ' t HaJJ a 4 2
  
  Bristol , iieai-iaue 0 6 ' 8 Bristol youths 0 3 4 Birmingham , Ot . White ... 0 4 8 Somere Town 0 4 2 1 Glasgow 0 12 0 ; Saffron Hill 0 3 4 White Horse 0 1 0 ' Stratford 0 2 0 St . Andrews .. 0 2 Ol VICTIM FVH 9 . I Standard of Liberty 0 S 4 \ A Friend 0 0 « J MB . RICHARDS . j ilf . Brewett ...... 0 l oi MR CI . A . UK . S CARD ACCOUNT . | Tiverton 0 8 3 ' Abergavonny 0 0 8 Kotterinp 0 6 4 . Oullijmpton 0 1 2 Wellingborough 0 5 Errata . t ^ FoiViebtoa , 7 « 7 d , nal Oldbam ,- for Mary Richardson . — Prestoo j 3 . ) . re * i | Mary Bichardson , Oldham .
  
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  Death of a celebrated Akcuitfci . —The eminent academician , Luigi Canonica , has just died at Milan , aged 77 . He wasthearchiteot of tho Royal palaces at Milan and Monza , is well as of numerous superb buildings in tha northern Italian cities . Monza itsituated eight miles Vest of Milan , and is celebrated for its treasures of Cjatholic relics , and was for many centuries the resting-pla « e of the iron crown of Lombardy . Charlemagne waa crowned tbere with it in 774 , as were the Emperors of Germany in eubseqnent ages , and Bonaparte followed this example in 180 . 5 Impobtaht Discoveby . —We find the following in the Senlinelle of Marseilles . This is the age of inventions . We learn that M . Daniel Borme , a
  
  navigator , twenty-three years of age , has recenUy invented a warlike machine of such powerful effect , that , defended by it , towns can no longer be carried by assault . This machine , truly infernal , of which gunpowder forms no part of its composition , would , it is said , be capable of destroying by an explosion without noise all 1 he enemy ' s troopB at a distance of 1 , 000 yards from ihe town to be attacked . If tbis be a tact , the gredt Archimedes , whose inventive genius so long contended at the siege of Syracuse ,, against a Roman army , would have been a mere , infant in comparison with M . Bormo . This young man has written to the Minister of War , requesting to be authorised tor make an experiment with this prodigious invention .
  
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  6 THE NORTHERN STAR . April 6 , 1844 . _
Citation
- Northern Star (1837-1852), April 6, 1844, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1259/page/6/

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