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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th April 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • Qfye GfOUievtf ffilobement.
    • THE JTOETHEK5 STAR. SATUEDAY, APRIL 6, 1834.
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      Untitled Article

      GAME LAWS AND GAME LORDS . MOBE BLOOD . " Within that land was » any a malcontent , Who « ursed the tyranny to -which ho bent ; That soil fall many a wringing despot saw , Who irorta Ms -wantonness in farm of law . " Wb last week briefly called attention to the case of GEOfcGB Lowthkb , at present nnder sentence of death in . York Castle ; vse now return to the painful subject , anxious to make another effort to save , if possible , the life of this last -victim to the " bloody code . **

      It will be remembered that the prisoner was found guilty , at the 2 ate York Assizes , of the wilful xaurder of Johh Mupyn , gamekeeper to the Marquis of Nobhasbt . Prom the eridence given on ihe trial it must be evident to eTery unprejudiced person that the unfortunate man had no previous intention of taking the life of the keeper , before he himself was attacked . On the night of the murder , no Ies 3 than six watchers -were engaged prowling through the gronnds of the Marquis , on the watch for poachers . While so occupied , they heard a gun Bred , aud making their way in the direction of the

      sosnd , they heard the shooting repeated , ana Bnallj came upon the prisoner and his companion { who was acquitted on trial ) . The keepers and watchers at once made at the poachers to capture ibem j Lottiheb cried H Stand back "; when the keeper sot heeding , or not hearing , made a dash at Lowtheb , upon which he fired , killing the keeper . But why did he fire 3 Because , as he avers , he knew that if taken , he would be transported ; as he had been before convicted of the same offence , " poaching . Fearing this , and

      to aSbrd himself the chance of escape , he fired at JScitit , and committed the fatal actj for which lie has been doomed to die . On being captured , he knelt by the ^ ide of the dying man , and in tones of bitter anguish and ferrid remorse implored and obtained his victim ' ^ forgiveness . Here is sufficient evidence to show that Lo"wraEB was actuated bj no bloodthirsty spirit ; that the faiai act was the work of a momentary impulse , arising ont of the natural deare to effect hb escape .

      We have said his victim' ; but we are wrong : Moffit was ; he vic : im of the law , the hellish law , whiehauthorissd Mm to seize upon Lowthkh , and drag him to a felon ' s fate , for no other crime than ihat of exercising a right he holds from Heaven—a right vested in him in virtue of his manhood—a right which no lying blaspheming law can deprive him of—the right to seiza upon wild animals" fer his own O 3 e and sustenance . The real murderer o { Moffit is the accursed Game Law 1 The parties ¦ whe axe really , in the eye of Eternal Justice , responsible for his violent death , are those who enact and uphold such laws for their own caste interests and brutally selfish pleasures .

      Lord KbiusAJiBTj we are told , took his seat by the side of the Judge , as a spectator of the trial , when * if strict justice had been done , he wonld have taken his place in the dock instead « f , —or at any jate by the side of , —Lowxheb . "We do not say ihis because we have any angry feeling towards his Lordship . The reverse is rather the case , but because his Lordship allows of the existence of laws , without making any effort for their abrogation * which tempts men to crime and drives them to the commission *> f murder ; and all that his Lordship m&y " enjoy a d&y * B sport ' 1 Terily a day of reckoning will yet come !

      Mr . "WiLKura might well denounce these laws as ** irrational , " * unnatural , ' " contrary to every principle of humanity , " and an infamous disgrace to this country . " His appeal to the Marqui 3 of Uosxajtbt to use his privilege and influence io wipe from the statute-book these fiendish enactments , wUl not be soon forgotten ; and well will it be for the sake of humanity ; well will it be for the sake of the Noble Lord ' s " order , " if he shall be found responding to , and acting upon , the advice , of the learned and eloquent Counse ) .

      We see by the Bull Advertiser of Saturday last j that a memorial has been addressed to Sir Jaxes Gbaham from that town , praying for a commutation of the sentence , passed on Lowtheb . We trust that ere this other towns may have followed the coble example of Hull ; and that those efforts may be crowned with success . If otherwise , we trust that further steps will be immediately taken for the making of a last , and , we trust , successful appeal to the Government , to spare the life of the

      nnfortnnateman . Onr readers will remember the execntion of Roberts at Liverpool 5 n January last , for shooting Bosebt ILektox , gamekeeper to the Earl of Dksbt-Upon ihat occasion the " criminal '' made his mortal exit amidst the sympathising cheers of 30 , 000 lookerson , while the ** minister of the law" was received with a tempest of execration .. Here were 50 , 000 units Of the great voice of England testifying in savage , but unmistakeable , tones , that it repudiated ihe law which condemned Bobebtb to die ; ihat instead of regarding him with horror

      43 a murderer , " they sympathised with him as a man about to be murdered for simply standing oo-Ms defence , and slaying the keeper who would otherwise hare slain him . Than murder , there is no Crime held in greater horror by the people of this country ; yet the Liverpool crswd ef 30 , 000 beating hearts and thinking heads applauded the " condemned murderer ^' while they reserved their hatred for the hangman , a 3 the living representative of the bloody Game Law . In the case of Roberts , the Government , the Earl of Dkrbt , and Lord Siakley , had severally-been implored by public memorials ,

      and the private appeals of heart-broken females , to extead mercy to the unfortunate man . The supplicationsiormercy were spurned . " Conflicts with keepers had . so increased , that an example teas ne- \ tzssary ? and therefore Robebts mu 3 t die . Die hs . did ] bnt the bitter curses of 30 , 000 roice 3 heaped nponthe executioner were meant for the Iaw 3 , and the laws' upholders . Surely the Marquis of J » obtussT can have no desire to share at York , the execration so fiercely dealt out at Liverpool to tie ' R noble" house of Derby ? !

      Roberts was put to death for " an example . "; Behold the results ! The " murder" of Lordj Geastlet ' s gamekeeper immediately followed , and vas succeeded by that of the Marquis of Nob- * kaxbt ' s ; to say nothing of the innumerable conflicts i of poachers with keepers tried at the late Assizes on the different circuits . Jnnw Elslbt , the man ' who killed Lord Gxaktlet ' s keeper , was tried on ; the 27 ih ult . The following thrilling statement ; made by the prisoner to the police on being taken , i and which was produced on the trial , best narrates ^ the particulars of this shocking case : — !

      " On Friday evening I went home ana took supper , ; bat on entering the door I saw my son eating . some \ Tietuals . I said to him , < where are yon going to Bill ?' : Be said , 'I am going to the raffle . ' I said , ' What is j the sse of your going to the raffle ? ' Be replied , ' James Shurlock is going to give me a pint of beer , father ; TiQ you come down and take part of it T I told him j fiuS I -would u soon as I had eat my supper . I went i down as soon as I had eat my supper and took part of ; a pint of beer , and called for another , and after that ; xae and my son went home togstber , and my son had ] BometMng to eat and went to bed . When he was gone , ] 1 saia tony wife , * O , how hard it is lor us to be in j saehdistreat ; we have neither butter sor cheese , nor * Bg » , and-whether she bad any tea I am not certain , i

      us when we were at supper we had but a piece of ** eaa each of us , with a little tea , wttboat sngar or B&kj and as I had spent the twopence for the beer ws * as quite destitute . It hnrt my feelings * o I said » ny -wife : « i will go and get a bird or two , if I KwJWy can , for I cannot bear to see us in *!> & distress ' and I took the gun and vent and shot *^ oe « f bads ; and I thought if I could jret sale for _ j ™ a it would get a little tea and sugar . I same away * bbi Q » premises direcUy , hoping that I should return *»^ bat when I got to the btbt side I saw the keeper ™ ws * fcnranjjj m& j ^^ 0 Be side , behind a t £ fc budj , bnt he saw me and * aid , — - yon , 1 ™ P * you now . He appeared to me to he a lifcHe "" ** fia drink . He put np faifl stick and tried to * ° « »• , BBTing , « , jonr eye * . Ill kill jou . I

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      replied , ' dont do that . go * d man ;* and as he waa gol&g to strike me , I jumped in and threw him down . He got op again , and used the same expressions . I threw him down again , and he held me and repeated the third time , I will kill you . ' I then said to him , We will fight , life for life . ' He replied , I will ; ' and directly he got up , he struck at me with his stick , and I -warded off the blow with . ray hand . I then struck him with the batt-en * of the gun , and . as near as I can tell , it was near the side of the temple . He rose again , and I saw the blood running dowB hia face . He seemed folly bent to come at

      me again , and I struck him sgain with the butt-end of the gon , and he fell down . Whether I struck him once or twice afterwards I am not certain ; bat the last time 1 struck him on the ground he rolled into the river . I then Trent away and left him , and saw Mm no more . I then -went home , and my wife said to me , 'Have you got anything ? ' I showed her what I had got , and she said , * Whatever shaD we do with them ? ' I said , I don ' t know '; I could not say anything more to her then , bnt west to bed . She hung my wet clothes to dry at the fire , and got up the next morning , and brought them to me .

      ( Signed ) - Jamxs ELSLET , " Happy England i Free-bern Britons J Englishmen read again the sxjxsisg wobds of despaibwbocght bloquescb , in which your unhappy brother pleads his wrongs , and paints the madness which incited him to crime ! " When he was gone I said to my wife , O hoic hard it is for us to be in such distress / Jf e have neither butter , nor cheesesnor sugar , and whether she bad any tea I am not certain ; for when we were at Bupper tee had but a piece of bread each of us , with a little ha without sugar or milk ; and as I had spent the twopence in

      beer ice were quite destttule . Such is the condition of our once " bold peasantry" ! Tax-ridden to the teeth ; pDlaged ; trampled on ; insulted ia every conceirable way . Mark what follows : — " It hurt my feelings ; so I said to my wife , I will go and get a bird or two , for I cannot bear to see us in such distress . " Here was an Englishman and his family staiving , when he had spent his " two-pence "; in a state of downright destitution . Did he then , seeing that Lord Ghantlet and his class were wallowing ia the fat of the land ; did he attack his Lordship in his mansion , or assail him on the highway , and

      demand of him restitution of a portion of that wealth which Lord Gbaktlet * s class has plundered from the labour of the working many ! No ; the miserable tnan simply resolved to " get a bird or two" , from the sale of which some trifle might be raised to mitii , ate present distress—to get" a little tea and Eugar . " But the law steps in and says , " No ; if you are starving on a crust you must be content ; and thongh Lord Gbamtley has a superfluous abundance of every lnxury , you must not touch even one of these wild birds on pain of transportation . " The man knew of this law ; but hunger urged

      him forward . He took ; and only anxious to return QaJckly to his home , was making his escape from his Lordship ' s preserves , when he was pounced on , and attacked by the keeper . He tried to avoid any conflict ; but the law-protected assailant is on him , threatening , with oaths and execration ? , to "kill him . " The unhappy poacher seeing no chance of escape , then says to him : " We will fight life for life . " The other replies : " 1 will ; " and is killed in the struggle . Had the keeper killed Elslkt , he would in all probability have been rewarded . But being himself killed , the man whom he assailed iB charged with , " murder . " Mr . Charscck ,

      however ,, who defended the prisoner , boldly charged the guilt of the keeper ' s de 3 th upon Lord Gbaktlbt and hia class . " It was a melancholy thing , " observed Mr . C . that in order to enable persons in the position of Lord Gbastlet to enjoy their pleasures and preserve their game , the lives of the poorer classes were to be sacrificed ; and he expressed his opinion that it would be much better if there were so g&me , and that such lordly pleasures should be altogether abolished , than that snch dreadful cases as the present , and similar ones all orer the country during the present Assizes , should have taken place . "

      The Jury found the prisoner guilty of manslaughter ; when , by every principle of justice , they were bound to acquit him . Ab we have just shown the man stood purely on the defensive . He was attacked by one who evidently meant to kill him ; and he did what every man of common courage would have done , defended his own life at the cost of hia assailant . Baron Aldebson sentenced him to be tbanspobted fob life ; and it is with feelings of inexpressible disgust and indignation that we find him telling the prisoner that he ought to be " extremely grateful for the lenient

      view the Jury had taken of the case against him . We maintain that he had nothing to thank the Jury for ; and still less the Jndge , who would evidently have hung him if he could . We agree with a contemporary that " if ever there was a case which deserved the exercise of the Royal Prerogative , this is one ; and in this instance such a course will be an act of justice , not of mercy . The way in which the poor are scourged , not only by the law , bnt by its partial administration , is most infamons . The Rev . JoHfl Day , of Hawridge , near Aylesbury , was recently tried for having

      committed a most dastardly and cruel act , that of stabbing in the flank , to ihe depth of six inches , a number of sheep that had accidentally strayed on to hia grounds . The Rev . stabber pleaded ignorance of the late . He believed " that he had a right to kill or wound the animals / ' if trespassing on hi 3 grounds ! Thi 3 plea the Jury admitted , and acquitted the clerical butcher . Lord A bikgeb thereupon kindly admonished the " gentle shepherd '' to go his way , and apply " Borne portion of his time in acquiring a knowledge of

      the laws of his country and the rights of his neighbour . " When did the plea of ignorance ever avail the working man ? When did Lord Abinoeb offer such kindly suggestions to an erring son ef toil 1 This same Lord Abis gbb was subsequently called upon to pass sentence on a yonth of eighteen , named Gifford White , fonnd guilty at the Huntingdon Assizes of sending a letter to a farmer , threatening to burn his farm ; when the mercif al Judge doomed the unfortnnate youth to transportation for life ! Is THESE SOT OXE LAW FOB THE B 1 CH ASD AKOTHEB ? OH THS POOB *

      Before we conclude we must notice the new Game Law recently passed through the House of Commons , at the instance of Mr . Wallace , entitled the " Night Poaching Prevention Bill . " We have not seen a copy of the Bill , bnt understand that it renders still more stringent the Acts at present in force against poaching . By it the infamous provision that makes a man liable to transportation tf found in pursuit of game , in enclosures , after Bunset , is

      ex-TEJTDED TO ALL WHO HAT BE F 0 TJ 2 fl > OS THE OPBJI highway , with guns , nets , or other . poaching " implements in their possession . ' And this ib the work of the Radical Member for Greenoek ! Proceed , Messieurs Legislators , in your suicidal career ! THE END WILL COME ! despite yonr every effort to prop np the existing state of things ; and when that end shall arrive , the hundreds and thonsands who have lived and suffered like Elsley—whohave been driven to crime , and then strangled , like Rojebzs , will not be forgotten .

      If ye will even now "do justice and lore mercy , " it may yet be waQ . The people are patient , longsuffisring , and not easily excited to resistance : but even the worm will turn . Beware , then , how you goad to desperation the fast awakening masses , lest the law of Retribution should exact from you those fearful penalties which aristocrats as haughty as yourselves have had to pay ere now . If ever . the poisoned chalice is returned to yonr own lips ; if ever your Berfs , bursting their shackles , shall ring in jour affrighted ears the death-knell of yonr departed power . —

      " We dig no land for tyrants but theii graves ;" you will then too late be made aware of that which you scoff at now , that one prime ingredient in the cup of retribution has been the acccbsks csime-CBEATIKG AXD BLOOD SP 1 LLIKG GaUB LAWS ,

      Untitled Article

      EMIGBATION TO CANADA , OR THE UNITED STATES . [ The following interesting letter from Canada , written by an emigrant belonging to Hamilton , Scotland , has been in our possession for several weeks now , but we could not find a place for it before . — . E . N . SO : —; York Mills , Upper Canada , November 13 th , 1643 . Dear Friends—Being bound by duty and promise to write as sooa as J had got fairly settled , and able to give yo u some account of my present state , as well as my future prospects , with my opinion of tbis country as respects the condition and resources afforded by Government to the poor and indigent emigrant , I hasten

      to redeem that promiae and perfom that duty . As you have doubtless already seen an account of my passage across the Atlantic in a former letter , I will not trouble you with a repetition ; however I omitted to mention that daring the passage we were " served out " with one lb . of oatmeal , or biscuit , or five lbs . of potatoes to each passenger daily , which is of real benefit to poor emigrants . We bad one pound ef good bread from Quebec to Toronto . When we arrived at the latter place I went to the emigrant's " shed / ' which is a very poor shelter , without bedsteads of any kind , so that the emigrant is forced to huddle with his family upon the floor . The sheds at Montreal are much better ; I had almost said good ; containing beds like a soldier ' s guard-room . After getting safely lodged in these sheds

      with our little all , John M— and myself went in quest of Dr . Bradley . We found him in his shop . Three Irishmen were at the counter ; I waited at the opposite one . The worthy Doctor was in high spirits ; nothing could be got from him but Irish songs , which none but himself appeared to understand . After at least an hoar ' s delay , I forced my question kpon him , " Where's Hogg's Mills ? '' but being apparently unheeded I made for the door . He called me back , answered the question , and enquired if we wanted any bread ; and presently loaded me with nine two pound loaves . For once in my life I had more bread than I could carry . When emigrants have plenty of money to pay their passage , they need to care nothing about the Government authorities ; but when you come to be scarce of

      the " needful , " obliged to take shelter from the elements in the sheds , and apply ; for support as I was forced to do , they will Snd exactly the same treatment as at Factor B—n ' s office when in quest of support or employment . However anxious the authorities in the mother country may be to induce the poor to emigrate , I can assure you I have neither seen nor heard of any exertion on behalf of destitute emigrants , except when they land , when If they make application " allowance" will be given to assbt in carrying their luggage . I have seen emigrants who do not earn , according to their own account , Bixteea ahillihga during the summer . There is bo wsver one good law , which is , that the licensed taverns or public bouses cannot put out a traveller whether be has money or not One great evil in the poor emigrant is ,

      his pushing np the country to where be can get land for nothing . Having nsver before known what " bush " life was , now that it is brought before my notfee , I can assure you it is no fan in these newly settled plsoes . There is little or no work to draw in money , and w « cannot eat the land . I saw many during the summer who bad gone up and got fifty acres , and who were obliged to leave their families and come dowa to the old settlements in search of work . If they bad known and acted cautiously , they would have stuck by an old settlement , got themselves and families enploymtnt , so that in the month of October , after they had gathered a little money , themselves and as many of their family as had become accustomed to labour in the meanwhile , oould journey to the West , and having got their fifty

      acres , erect a •« Shantie , " or log-house ; then having cleared a piece of gronnd , and thus having secured their right to the property , if their means should run short , they could return te the rest of the family and labour as before . This is the only way that a poor emigrant on get land cleared in the " Bush , ' and a home there without & degree of suffering and privation almost beyond human endurance . The above method yon most understand is tb" ont that I intend to pursue as soon as I can lay ia a winter ' s provision for myself and three boys beyond what will support my family . I will then take to the Bo » h . " Joseph , George , and Robert , are all giving promise of being excellent bands at the axe . They are constantly at

      it , and all of them have the " knack" of it better than their father . I have read a great deal about the beauties of emigration to this " land of Cros&en . " My opinion ef all these publications , is , that they are mostly false , at least calculated to give a false imprtwion . I could stand and gladly see ihe 17 th number of Chambers ' s Information for the People " burned at the cross of -etKry market town in Soot ' . and , I was never much deceived by it , knowiDg the erroneous principles of Its author ; btU I have seen many who cursed it from their heart , as being the cause of their tearing home . I wonld not have weavers buoy up their hopes upon the flimsy and fanciful inducements pictured out in such publications .

      The great object is to look ont for a proper situation . The best is near a fulling mill . I am at present working with a weaver as an apprentice , for the half of mj earning ; he values the loom at £ 12 , his warping mill at half that snm . He is Id a gocd situation , has plenty of work , and I can live well on ny income . I shall be done with my present engagement by the beginning of February ; and I expect to have a loom of my own by \ htX time . I purchased wood ( fifty-two feet of boards ) to make a warping mill , for 1 « 8 d , and I have promise of employment for both already . My rent for a cellar , a kitchen , and garret , is 4 s per month . I had almost forgot to mention that weaving in good situations lasts about five months in the year ; and if a man is close employed that time , he can live in *' clover " the year round .

      Beef at present is 8 i per lOOlba . ; pork , 12 s per lOOlbs . ; flour , 16 a per barrel of 1961 b * . ; potatoes , Is per bushel ; tea , 3 s per lb . ; sugar , 5 d per lb . ; apples ( a great winter feed ) . Is per busheL Bricklayers' wages are 6 s a day ; carpenter * , 6 s . There is a large school to open in Toronto at the new year , with fifteen teachers ; salaries varying from £ 70 to £ 120 currency . Shoemaklng is a geod business ; leather is very cheap . Shoes are cheaper than in Britain . You will perceive the above trades are well paid ; bat the weaver , -when be has work , Is the best paid of all ; and if I succeed , by another season I shall be better enabled to look ont for a situation for weaving , and perhaps be able to employ some person of migratory predilections .

      I parted from the rest of the Hamilton party at Toronto , far past St John's . Before I left them , during our passage , the thought entered th « mind of T . G . and T . H ., that it would be better that the Idea of a community of interests should be given up ; and it was then agreed that every one should consult with himself ( as I did ) what was best for his family , and act acsordingly . I resolved to settle in some peopled spot , where I could procure work , before I encountered the " Bush" with an empty pocket ; and I can assure you I have bad no cause to regret my resolve . I have had a pntty gooa supply of work , pleaty of substantial fare , and my little store of cash still on the increase . My wife has got into a pretty good seat of work ia the straw bonnet line , with good pay , although not always in cash . Batter , cheese , « ta , is good at market price . Bntter is 6 d to 8 d per lb ; cheese 2 ^ 4 to 5 d per lb ; tobacco frem 9 d to Is currency .

      I would have written to you singly , but the postage is heavy ; so am of opinion that one letter to and from you will be more consistent in the present state of things . I shall look for a newspaper from some of you soon . I have sot beard a word of politics since I came to Canada , and am very anxious to hear whether the , tide of oppression has yet " cowed" some of the manly hearts I left in the old world , or if it is beiag stemmed and retreating before their sturdy exertions . Although this letter has already " spun oat" to a considerable length , I think { having a little mere room ) I cannot do better than close it by saying a few words to those intending to come to tbis country .

      In the first place , bring nothing with you that may increase the weight of yoor luggage , ai you will have to pay 2 s . per cwt for carriage from Montreal to Kingston . The steamers generally take the luggage of emigrants to Toronto for nothing . The axeB you might bring are of no use . A boy like one of mine , would knock one useless in two hours . Tod may purchase plenty here warranted at 8 * . each , a good saw from 5 b . to 6 t . ; other tools are cheaper at home . Good warm cloth can be got here for 6 s . or 7 a . per yard ; Blankets 18 s . to 20 s . p » r pair ; nails 3 d . perlb . I would have every man t » bring as much of the first law of nature with him , as be eanget : viz—" Man mind thyself ; " as he will find every one ready to take advantage of his helpless condition . Give no money out of your hand without

      getting fall value at once ; for they will give no change . I have seen 2 s . 6 d . retained for the value of 6 d . ; in fact , they do not understand the English , in wanting back change ; so bring all your money In shillings or sixpenny pieces . On all other coins you will lose part of their value . Your halfpence and pence are just the same as here . Purchase no provisions from bonded stores , except sugar and tobacco . Lay in salt beef , pork , 1 mm , and a good supply of flour , and some oatmeal , a few potatoes , salt , and red herrings , coffee , tea , and sugar . In the vessel , prefer an upper berth , if come-at-able . Arrived in this country , inquire for the emigrant agent , and get to the sheds if possible . When I landed at Toronto , I did sot at first think of the sheds ; and consequently wandered for hours through the town looking for a room for the night I could not get it under twelve » biiiing « , which made me go to the sheds and

      apply ; to the agent A person who has money is certainly the best to come here , as to every other place . A man ' s family is so burden to him . He can at any time get people to take bis childaen off bis hands ; at least Bueh as are able to do any thing at all towards their own support Bat an unmarried man has a far better chance of getting quickly forward in the clearing ot land . I was working along with two young men who came here from England in 1842 . They bad constant work &t ten dollars per month ( forty shillings ) . Six weeks ago they went to the west and paid their first instalment for 100 acres of land each , to the Canada Company . This ia a great pine district The land is a dry , gravelly soil , and would seed much manure the first year of crop . I 'would not take 100 acres of it as a gift ; yet it sells high . I have seen one acre " fetch " £ 109 . There is a farm here ( 200 acres ) at present for sale £ 3600 was offered and refused . In the west the land is better ; but not four feetof vegetable mould ,

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      as emigration schemers would make yon believe . There n . ™ ^ ^^ ® - Wh * because there isno gamft ffc ^ f . "J ? Jl : ' Aw Podges , but nothing else worth shooting . There are no bears , nor wolves . Poxes are * 3 Lm ^ har es » eqiirrels " >* «» kes in SKJW ^ ««« Make I bare seen was about thirty inches long , but perfectly faara > le » , and will fl / on seeing any one approach . I have heard it said that the rattlesnakes ate luge , and dangerous further west m , i . i'tfV *?** many emigrants this season from the highlands of Scotland , from Ireland and England , inere was one ship from Tobermory seventeen weeks ^^! S ?* The y * - 50 tt ** y »» »™ ' in mach distress , their provisions being eaten up . Their lagff « . *! "tsined at Toronto for their passage money . Hundreda nave been ebliged to fell their chests and clothing to pay their passage op the country from Montreal . This is the reason why I would advise as little luggage and as much cash as possible to be brought

      I must now conclade , and that you may all live to Bee ., ^ t 5 € * ** 8 *¦ tte earnest prayer of your sincere vellwisbei . [ In reference to this question of Emigration , and particularly m reference to the false and delusive pu blications issued by many parties , and especially the Messrs . Chambers , of Edinburgh , to encourage Emigration , we have received the following letter from an acute-minded deep-thinking friend , who ia making the Tour of ihe States . The writer is one who knows what he is about . Hia intellectual acquirements , particularly on scientific subjects , are lar above the common ran . Contributions from his Pen , when in England , are to be found inmanvof the first Boientifio publications of the day . He " is a math

      good ematician ; an excellent chemist and electrician ; is conversant with mechanics ; wellgrounded in the principles of logic ; and has enjoyed personal communication with several of the first men of the age , both in England or America . There is hardly a work of eminence in science or morals , that he has not well thumbed . He is moreover , a keen observer of p * 9 Bing circumstances . The observations of such a man , with such a mind , are indeed worthy of attention and regard ; and right happy shall we be to give them publicity , feeling convinced that they cannot fat ! to be of use in putting the choused and the cheated on their guard , and in imparting caution and watchfulness even to the wary and Vigilant ] 8 t . Louis , Missouri , 23 rd January , 1844 .

      MY DBAH HOBSON , —I avail myself of a friend who is leaving here to drop you a line . My object in writing is this : I intend , with your permission , to expose the nefarious system of Emigration which is at present carrying from our country her choicest sons , by publtBhing to the Chartists of England ' the treatment they most meet on their landing and " progress through this country . I am taking notes of individual cases ; and as aoon as I have been through the whole , I will forward you the first letter , stating my general views . Everywhere I find old friends who bitterly denounce Chamhsrs' Information for the People , and otherj works of those writers , for having misled them ; holding oat delusive hopes that can never be realized ; causing poor

      industrious men to leave their hemes for a wilderness of everything . This western country is the grave of English health and principle . It woafd harrow np your soul te see the condition ef hundreds , who were formerly strong advocates of our principles at borne , here , abandoned in despair to the accursed whiskey . Let the advocates of Emigration set the first example , and leave the country ; but to the virtuous workingmen , I say , slay where you are . Your enemies and your country's wish to send you away . Heed them not . Their counsel is vile . ' Straggle on for the noble cause yon have espoused ; and so sore as you are true to one another , so will you obtain that freedom which will make England the paradise of the world .

      I am bappy to tell yon that the Star is eagerly read here , whenever a copy can be procured ; and your exertions are everywhere acknowledged . The patriot O"Conner is hailed with delight I pnrpose meeting the friends here , to respond to your hearty appeal in favour of friend Oastler , whom all revere . The deluded MoTmoD . 'who has sobered down to his former rationality , with tears in his eyes acknowledges the services of that great and good man . You are right t ! We are all in his debt : and we will pay him . At'least we will make the attempt . He has made greater , sacrifices than we can ever re-pay ; but we most make fits declining years free from cares and anxiety . That his life may long be spared to advocate the cause of helpless innocence , is an almost universal prayer .

      Untitled Article

      COAX MINERS' CONFERENCE . ( Continuation of Tuesday Morning ' s Report . Mr . Jade said the object of the resolution was to maintain harmony amongst the members ; for instance , if the majority should be 100 and the minority 99 , the majority being so very small , it would not have the influence over the minority it should have . The minority might object to be bound by such a majority . Bat if the majority was two-thirds the number wonld he respectable , and would ensure success . After considerable discussion the motion was negatived by a large msjority ; and the following amendment agreed to : — " That in all cases the majority govern the minority . "

      The Chair&an then read the fourth resolution , on the piogtarame : —*« That the Miners' Advocate become a stamped paper . " Mr . Hamilton moved the resolution . Messrs Clougban and Scott supported the proposition . Mr . Swallow was in favour of the proposition , bnt wished the delegates to seriously consider the cost of the undertaking , as a large amount of money would be needed to make' the Advocate a respectable paper . Besides they should also consider that they would have to advance the price to at least fourpence , and be d # ubted bnt that this addition of price would cause a great decrease of the present circulation . The Halifax and Hnddersfield delegatsa supported the proposition .

      One of the North of England delegates objected to the proposition on the ground that in the present critical state of Northumberland and Durham , the money necessary to be previded could not be spared ; he moved the following amendment : — " That tbe ' question of making the Advocate a stamped paper be deferred until next Conference . " . ¦ . The Conference then adjourned ^ for dinner . Afternoon Sitting . Mr , Jade took the chair in the absence of Mr . BerralL One of the Durham delegates said , that he had a request to make to the Conference . Owing to the state of the two counties of Northumberland and Durham the delegates from those counties wished to send their brethren word how they were going on ; andas the strike question was left to the Conferene they would take it as a favonr if the Conference Would go at once to the sixth resolution in the programme : — " That the Conference resume the debate on the strike question adjourned from the Manchester Conference . "

      The request was agraed to . The resolution was moved and seconded . Mr . Cloughan moved as an amendment— " that there be no strike . " Mr . Berry seconded the motion . The South Staffordshire delegate wanted to know bow they were to carry out a strike ? There was abont 18 , 000 Miners in the district he represented , and there was enly about 12 , 000 in the union ; what were they to do if a strike took place with 6 , 000 : and upwards amongst them who . were not members , and over whom they had no controul ? This , he thought , would require some little consideration .

      Mr . Scott felt keenly for the men of the two eountles , and be would have them beware of what they were about in this matter . He had been through many parts of England , and some parts of Scotland , and he would give them the benefit of his information . He was the representative of Leicestershire and Fifeshire . In Leicestershire they were but partially organized ; and if the men of the North struck , the Leicestershire coal owners were to pounce npon the London market . The same might be said of Fifeshire and Claokmannanshire , both on the sea shore , with hundreds of thousands of tons of coal at command . He trusted , therefore , that they would consider well what they were about in this matter . Bath , South and North Staffordshire Delegates said their districts were against the strike . The Barnsley Delegate said that he was instructed to vote for a strike .

      Mr . Swallow was sorry to have to take a contrary side on this occasion to that which be had uniformly taken before . He had always opposed strikes of every description ; but such was the state of Yorkshire that nothing bat a strike would do . They were organized , and the markets bare . The iron was hot ; and unless they struck while it was hot it would be useless to strike at all . Mr . Mycroft represented Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire . In these two districts there were from three to four hundred coal and iron-stone Miners . A good deal had been said about restricting to 2 » . 6 d . per day .

      H * could assure them that It was a long time since the men in that country had seen such & thing as 2 b . 6 d . Their wages wen from Is to Is 3 d per day , out ef which they were at present paying Ss per week to support men that were on strike . The tyrant masters would not allow the restriction question if they could help it ; they would give an advance if the men would work twelve or fourteen hours per day . They were almost stark mad at the Union . In Nottingham there were fifty mills that had not one day's stock of coals before hand . He was for the strike , because he knew thatthty would conquer .

      Mr . Chariton said that it had come te this with the men of Durham and Northumberland , that they moat do something ; and all they wanted was for the Conference to say ihat they sanctioned them and would keep the men from other counties from taking their places and they had nothing to fear . Mr . Auty of the Wakefleld and Leeds districts , said he had listened" to th « speeches of Mr . Swallow and the last speaker , bnt he could assure them that that put of Yorkshire which he came from , was not for a str ike . And as to them hating no coals , it was not true ; they had too many , so that they were working short time , and whatever the men of the North might think about It , their masters would take the London market if they could . Tbe men that b » represented wete&galart&Btrik * .

      Untitled Article

      The Oldbam Delegate represented 1 , 000 Miners , aud was for a strike . i Mr . Harrison , Ashton-nnder-Lyne , was against a strike ; and , as to there being ao coals in Yorkshire , it was a fallacy ; for they had sent hundreds of tons to Staleybridge lately , and had { contracted with one firm for 200 boat loads , to send them oat of Yorkshire . And Mr . H&rtis . the lecturer for Yorkshire , bad told him ( Mr . H . ) that at Flockton there was thonsands of tomj of coal , and the men were not working on the restriction system . i The Prescott delegate was opposed to a strike .

      Mr . Roberts said that the word strike had nothing to do with the two counties of Dnrham and Northumberland . The case was 1 jost this : the men had sent an agreement to the masters , and they would not accept of it . The masters bad sent in like manner one to the men , to which they would not agree ; therefore it was a refusal to make a certain contract , and not a strike . | Many other delegates addressed the Conference on both sides , when tbe the strike committee was called on to report progress . ' The Committee brought np their report , which was read to the Conference , when the report showed that the numbers against the strike were as follows : — Against ! 28 , 042 For ... ... 23 , 357

      Majority against strike ] ... ... 4 685 Scotland stood neutral , their numbers being 6 , 142 ; and Wales for a partial strike jl . 528 . The Conference then adjourned until Wednesday morning . ! Wednesdat Mornings Sitting . On the motion of one

      Mr . Swallow thought that they should act apon some principle , and have a defined object He thought that a systematic scale of wages should be agreed to by tbis Conference . Let that list be sent to the masters , and if they do not accept the list , then , if compelled to strike , they would have public sympathy . But if they rasfaed into a strike without proper precaution it would rain the movement . ; A Durham Delegate said the men of tbe two counties had already done what Mr . Swallow wished , but bad been refused all justice . A Derbyshire Delegate stated other reasons why the Miners of that county wished for a strike . The Sheffield Delegate said they were expecting s strike , for they had followed up the restriction question antil now something mast be done . He could assure the men of Durham and Northumberland that they woald not come into their counties to take their work —( cheers ) . I

      The Wakefield and Leeds delegate warned the men of Durham and Northumberland that much coal is now sent into tbe L > ndon market from Yorkshire , and they could not strike at present . i A Durham delegate said that they did not want their Yorkshire friends to utrike . AH they wanted was their countenance , and that they wonld restrict themselves more , and keep coals ont of their market The Barnsley delegate said that he was instructed to vote for a strike , and he hoped that this Committee would take care lest they destroyed tbe hopes of his constituents . Mr . Bropby hoped that the men of Durham and Northumberland would take core what they were about in this matter . Th « y woald have much to contend with in Staffordshire , Shropshire , and Warwickshire , which places would send coal into the London market

      Several clauses were here read from the bond , in which it was dearly shown that it was at the option of the masters whether they gave tbe men wages at all . Mr . Chariton read a letter , in which it was stated that the masters said the new bond was the same as the old one , with tbe exception that the coal was sixpence per score less for getting . He ( Mr . C ) bad read a letter at the Manchester Conference , in which it was shown that from the y . h of April , 1843 , until January , 1844 , the average wages were J onJy 7 s . 6 d . per week . What would it be when the sixpence per score was taken away ? ;

      Mr . Jude thought that it would Ibe well that each county saeuld hold a meeting , at which the case of the men of Durham and Northumberland should be made known . He thought that the Conference bad no right to say that any strike should take place , more especially a general one . He was of opinion that the question should be left to the men in each county io public meeting assembled to come to such conclusions as they thought proper . The following resolution was then passed in

      committee : — " That it is the opinion of this Committee that the men of Northumberland and Durham , after using every other means and not gaining their ends , onght to refuse the proposals of their masters which will be offered oa the 7 th day of April , 1844 . And we , the delegates from other ! parts of the United Queendom , do hereby pledge ( ourselves to do all in our power to assist them in the struggle , and also to prevent men from other ports of tbe country coming in among them . And , if possible , still farther to restrict their labour . "

      Mr . Claughan moved—• ' That ao county district or colliery receive the sanction of this Committee to redress their grievances by a strike , till such times as they are properly organised , i and their case receive the assent of the majority of the Miners Association . " Agreed to . \ On the motion of Mr . M . Scott , " That the Conference resume its sittings , " the motion was agreed to . Mr . Claughan resumed the debate on the Miners ' Journal becoming a stamped paper . He urged that all that was necessary was , that the £ 600 be raised . He thought that dubs might be formed at each coal work to raise the money . Mr . Bropby was instructed to vote for it becoming a stamped paper . The ballot was ordered to be taken on the question , and a committee appointed to take the notes in the anti-room . Adjourned for dinner .

      Wednesday Afternoon Sitting . The strike question was resumed . After it had been discussed pro and con for a considerable time , it was ultimately agreed that the counties of Northumberland and Durham be allowed to refuse to accept of the agreements offered to them by their masters . ! The Committee now reported to the Conference the ballot as taken , whether the Miners' Advocate was to become a stamped paper or not , when the votes appeared to be—For the stamp 48 , 295 Against it 6 , 976 Majority in favour of the Stamp ... 41 . The following committee was appointed to make the necessary arrangements for carrying oat the vote of the Conference : —Martin Jade , Wm . Cloughan , John Hunter , P . M . Brophy , Nathan Scott , Robert M'Cally , and George Harrison . :

      The adjourned debate on the lect « r « r's wages was resumed . ; George Blake moved that the lecturers in the counties of Northumberland and Durham { have fifteen shillings per week , and tbe lecturers ia other counties eighteen shillings per week . After a little discussion the Conference resolved that the wages stand as before . It was ^ then unanimously agreedj "That one penny per fortnight per member , be paid to the General Fund . " Tbe meeting then adjourned antil nine o ' clock the following morning . :

      Thursday Morning ' s Sitting . The Chairman took"the chair at nine o ' clock . Mr . Pasquell moved , " That the next Conference be held in North Staffordshire . " The North Staffordshire Delegate said that they were surrounded by Shropshire and other mining districts , which were not organized ; he therefore begged leave to second the motien . ] Mr . Swallow moved , " That Wakefield be the place of meeting for the next Conference . " Qn the ballot being taken , the numbers were as toilom ;— * Staffordshire 38 , 193

      10 , 230 Majority for Staffordshire 27 , 8 & 3 The Conference entered upon the consideration of the sixteenth resolution of tbe programme— " That no man belonging to the Association should seek employment where the men were oa strike . " I Several of the Delegates spoke upon the resolution , pro and * on , when Mr . Roberts rose and said , that having heard the discussion on tbe resolution , he thought it demanded a remark or two from him . He 'considered it to be his doty to give them his advice ; and then they could

      please themselves whether they adopted it or not He did not say that the resolution itself was illegal ; bat it appeared to trench npon the law : and if at any time an illegal act was done , and the 1 Law Officers ef the Crown should pounce apon them , this resolution might be the means of enabling them to get up an indictment for conspiracy . He hoped that they woald pardon him for trenching npon their time , by taking npon himself to give them tbis advice . He had don * so in order that they might steer clear of the meshes of the law . . The resolution was withdrawn . :

      The eighteenth proposition on the programme was agreed to ; it was to this purport : — " That no resolution be bronght before the Conference unless a reason for such resolution was annexed ) to it on the programme . " - | The Conference then took into ! consideration the twenty-third resolution on the programme , " That no law agent be employed by the Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland . " 3 Mr . Claughan said that the resolution came from Holy town , and be woald give the reasons for it . The first of which was that no man could attend to the whole of the business . For instance , suppose a . case taking place in Ayrshire , the prisoners would be convicted long before the Law Agent could get to them . And another thing was , if they bad a Law Agent die ; would always be in tbe law ; and ia Scotland they wished t « turn nothing to do with it

      Wales . Wales ....

      Untitled Article

      Mr . Pasquell said if it had not been for Mr . Roberts the prisons of Lancashire woald have been fall . Mr . Talap differed with Mr . Claughan when he said that if they bad a lawyer they would always be in law The experience of what bad taken place in tbe counties of Durham and Northumberland sine * they engaged Mt . Roberts , proved to the contrary . Bat they were opt to suppose from what be said , that they wanted to port with Mr . Roberts ; far from it They were opposed to him leaving them , and nothing bat the belief that it woald be confering a benefit apon the Association geneally , could induce them to allow him to become Attorney * General , They woald much rather he remained as he was , the law adviser of the counties of Northambarland and Durham . The Sooth Staffordshire Delegate said that with him the same of Mr . Roberts was sufficient to dictate which way bis vote should be given . The Poynton Delegate was for having a law sgenfc

      Mr . Mycroft said bis constituents were for having an Attorney-General . The very name of Mr . Roberts had done a great deal . In the district which be came from , one of the masters bad taken oat warrants against a number of the men , tnt when they heard of Mr . Roberts coming , the proceedings were stopped immediately . Mr . Hamilton said this was a resolution frem Scotland ; and he thought that he could shorten the discussion npon it by asking Mr . Roberts a question . The question which he wanted answering was , could Mr . Roberts plead in Scotland ? He had been given to understand that he could not ; and if such was the case , why Scotland woald not be benefited is the least by his being the law-agent of the Association .

      Mr . Roberts said , from what bad fallen from the speakers , perhaps it would be better for Scotland to have a distinct lawyer . They were geographically distinct ; at the same time they spoke the same language , and were under tbe inflaence of the same laws . The question was asked , was he able to plead in Scotland ? His answer to that was , that ia Scotland tawyets were called Writers of the Signet . A Writer of the Signet could not act in England , without a certificate . Bat by getting a certificate they could . It was tbe same with on English Attorney : by getting a certificate bo could act in Scotland . Very likely tbe Scotch friends had some one in whom they had confidence ; and therefore perhapa it weuld be better for them to have a distinct legal adviser . And be ( Mr . Roberts ) could assure them , either singly or in conjunction with some other , if it lay in bis power at any time to assist them , be would de it with pleasure .

      The Airdrie delegate said they were not prejudiced in favour of any other law agent He for one bod read in the Northern Star the great good Mr . Roberts bad accomplished for their English brethren ; bat they bad been deceived with lawyers in Scotland , and that made them very cautious . Mr . Pratt wished the delegates from the South to understand that the men of the North did not wish to part with Mr . Roberts . It was their wish to keep him to themselves . Another of the delegates from the North of England wished them to understand another thing , and that was tbat they Woald not allow Mr . Roberts to leave New * castle , until his time was oat at least Mr . Berry said if that was the cose , tbe thing bad better remain as it was , unless they could have him In s central situation , and send for him when they wanted him .

      Mr . Knox said that the resolution of the Durham Delegate . Meeting was , tbat Mr . Roberts was to remain with them In the two counties . Mr , Dent said that they were quite willing to allow Mr . Roberts to render bis assistance to their English and b ' cotch friends ; but they did not like to part with him . Mr . Eitcbin said if Mr . Roberts bod tamed oat as bad as be was good , they woald not have wanted him ; bat because they had round a good workman , and above all , aa honest lawyer—( laughter )—they wanted to take him from them . He thought it was hardly fair play . Mr . Swallow referred to the Wakefield ease at some length , and showed that Mr . Roberts bad made th » magistrates mind tbeir p ' u and q ' a a bit better when they were committing Miners now , than they did formerly . The North Staffordshire delegate moved "That each county provide its own law agent . "

      Mr . Roberts said he considered that in some measure he was . connected with this qusstion , and therefore before they came to tbe vota npon it hoped they woald allow him to make an observation or two . He did not want to shrink from the labour , and oa the other band be . did not wont to appear interested . Mi . Roberts then went into an account of tbe various cases he bad bad in hand , the effect they bad produced on tbe public mind , and the benefit * tbe association bad derived from them . Mr . Roberts said be did not know now he might be situated in after life . But be never could forget his joyous feelings when he had succeeded in liberating the poor men oat of prison . H « was ia their hands , and whether it was locally or generally he would do as he bithsrto had dose , all in bis powsr for tbe good of the association . Mr . Roberts resumed his seat amid raptures of apolaust .

      Mr ! Claughan asked Mr . Roberta could they proceed on the merits of the case in ease of commitments ; or only for flaws in the commitment ? , or legil blunders ? Mr . Roberts said on the merits of the case ; and referred him to the Thoroley case , the St . Helen ' s , and Wakefleld cases , all of which were on the merits of the cose . He thought that it was not lawful for the slave to be bound to do all the work the master thought proper , and the master be free from the contract . Mr . Claughan said from what be bad beard he was convinced that there wonld be less men sent to prison with an Attorney-General than without one . The Scotch agents were bound to rote against a lav agent for the Association ; bnt from what they had heard their opinion were changed : they therefore woald not vote at all , but go back to tbeir constituents and bring tha matter before . them . Tbe Conference then adjourned for dinner .

      Afternoon Sittings . The Chairman took bis teat at tbe usual time , when , owing to the Northumberland and Durham delegates not being willing to allow Mr . Roberta to remove from Newcastle , it was agreed that the law establishment remain as it is for the prtsent . Tbe 25 th proposition on the programme was then read : — . " That Friday tbe 5 th of April , be observed as a general holiday throughout Great Britain , for tbe purpose of hearing the report of tbe delegates who have attended the Conference , and that as many as possible meet in each county . " After some discussion the following amendment was agreed to : — " Tbat it be left to each county to make arrangements for bearing the report of tbeir respective delegates ;"

      Mr . Ingham moved that the resolution passed at the Manchester Conference relative to a permanent Executive , be rescinded in erder that the 26 lh resolution on the programme Might be discussed . The resolution was from one of tha Scotch constitu encies and , after some discussion , the parties with * drew it Mr . Aapul moved , " That the Executive be composed of seven persons ( workingmen ) to sit when there was work to do , to be elected from the district , where the Cenforence should decide apon the Executive holding its sittings . Mr . Jabbllng seconded the motion . Mr . Ingham moved "That the Executive be a permanent body . " On tbe ballot being taken the numbers were : — For » permanent Executive . 40 , 491 votes . Against 10 , 042 ^

      Majority 30 , 449 Mr . Watson moved , "That in order x » mafee the Miners' Association what it onght t « be , none bnt Miners have tbe government of its affairs . " He said , in bringing tbis motion forward be was only doing bis duty , as it was bis belief that none bat Miners should be engaged in any office belonging to the Association . At one time they bad Mr . Beeslcy , Mr . Daniels , Mr . Bropby ,. and Mr . Tbomasson amongst them : it was not so at present . Mr . Beesley bad been engaged by Mr . Roberts ; Mr . Daniels was the Editor of the Advocate ; and Mr . Tbomasson had given in hia resignation . ( Some one said tbat Mr . Thomasson was a miner . ) Yes , sold Mr , Watson , be Was a miner when be wanted a place in the Association ; bat if you wast to make one of him now , you most [ take . him by tbe legs and throw him down tbe pit , for he woald never go down of his own will . He might be blamed for tbis ; bat he considered it to be bis duty to bring this subject before the Conference ,

      Mr . Hunter considered that Mr . Bropby bad been one of the most efficient lecturers they had had ; and moreover he took tbe field when no other person woald do so : and he considered that it woald be an act of injustice to him to cast him off now . Mr . Brophy , who had entered tbe room dnring the time Mr . Hunter was speaking , said that be bod come to that Conference with the intention of tendering bis resignation ; bat after what had fallen from Mr . Watson he felt called apon to say a few words to the Delegates . Mr . B . then addressed tha Conference at some length , and concluded amidst tbe plaadits of tbe Delegates . The following amendment was than agreed to : —> " Tbat for tbe future no man ot men be employed bj the Miners' Association , except such as are strictly recognised Miners , neither as Executive Members , Lecturers , Secretaries , or Delegates . "

      The Committee for bringing out the Btamped Advocate brought op the repert , when the following resolution was passed : — " That the report of tho Commit * tee relative to bringing out the Miners' Advocate a stamped paper be printed with the minutes , for the purpose of laying the same before the members of the Asssociation for their decision theraon , tie same to be returned on or before the 15 th of May next . " Mr . Mason moved— " That it is the imperative duty of every Miner to support his own paper above aU others , and that each delegate be requasted to impress the some on the minds of his constituents . "— -Agreed to . The next business brought before the Conference was the 33 rd on the programme : —" That all parties implicated with concocting and circulating the recent handbill be tamed out of office . "

      It being within a few tninntes of six o ' clock ^ and this being a subject which was « ke ! f to «« w » Wl «*»* time in discussing , the Conference was adjourned , ub »» rJne o ' clock the following inornlng .

      Qfye Gfouievtf Ffilobement.

      Qfye GfOUievtf ffilobement .

      Untitled Article

      Acomkt ik a Coal-mt . —On Moadaj , an inquest was held at the Bare Hounds , in JBreightmet , before Mr . Butter , on the body of John Reynolds , aged eighteen , who was burned in a coal-pit on the 16 th nlt ^ and died on Friday lasU A verdict of aooidental death was returned .

      The Jtoethek5 Star. Satueday, April 6, 1834.

      THE JTOETHEK 5 STAR . SATUEDAY , APRIL 6 , 1834 .

      Untitled Article

      Apbto 6 , 1844 . THE NO R T H E Ely S T A R 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 6, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1259/page/7/