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dForeftm QnteTltoencz.
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TO THE ENEMIES OF OPPRESSION.
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THE ROBTHSBN STAS. SATURDAY, JUKE 22, 1844.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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A Publio Meeting will be held on Monday « vening , Jnne 24 ; h , in the Social Hall , High-street , Whitechapel , when a deputation from the Colliers of Northumberland and Durham will attend , and explain the nature of their grievances and the cause of the strike . The chair to be taken at . Eight o ' clock . — A dmissioh Free .
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THE EXBCUTTFE OOMMTTTEB TO THE CHABTISX ^ TJBLia 33 EBTHRES . —We are aware of the . many demands epoo your trifling gftmfog * , and therefore cannot opttnid you far any teeming neglect ; bat the imperative necessity of the ease demand * that 70 a pay dn » pttenUod fc > tbe recommendation of the late Convention , and fynTigmtt yom regular monthly sol > scriptfon to th « Tiessorer , for the rapport of iho »;» ho have aot feared to peril tbeir all in defence of that principle for -which we are bH contending— -the emancipation of labour from the thraldom of Capital .
We also beg yonr strict attenifen and compliance to the iratrnetlon of ths National Tictim and Defence Pnnd Comm ^ tBe , and trust that henceforth local appeals xnB . be discontinued ) and that all Trill unite In supporting the Central Committee in their praiseworthy exertions to deal on * equal and substantial relief to Ihosa -who may hsrte become Tietiips by their advocacy of the Chartist cause . We subjoin the following resolution , addressed to ns by that body : — "To the Executive Committee . — "We are of opinion Hat ihe appeals recently made is the Northern Star
00 behalf of fictims singly , haa been highly injnrions to Qie Gensral Fond , ant if continued , "will be the means of curtailing the irflnence of this committee , and « I * O diminishing the General Fond . ' If v ? e , aa a Na . tiocal Defence and Tictim Committee , are sot to have Ml cogniMsce of all victims , -without the interference of localities or private persona throng * h the Star , we ^ pJH resign the trust now Tested in us . Oar resignation can only be avoided by yon , tie Executive , pledging yourselves to use yonr authority to prevent a repetition of such proceedings . We request you to insert th » ab # TB iu the Northern Star . "
Brethren , you e&e the position in -which these local BBbscriptions place the Committee , TV * e entreat you to desist from them , and tre have full confidence that Justice -win be done to every case of oppression broucht before them , provided you exert yourselves to furnish dam with the necessary means . Toura , on behalf of the ErecnHve Committee , Thomas JL Whkbleb , Secretary . P . S . —Every locality throughout the kingdom should follow the example of the London Chartists , and send petitions to T . S . Dunoombe protesting against Sir Jamas Graham ' s conduct , in acting the part of a Post-ofics spy . A copy of ~ a petition -will be found is another column of the pater .
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K 0 X 1 ES BECEITED BY MB . 0 'CONKOB . & s . d , xxbcttzttb . Erem HinSley ( omitted in previous list ) ... 0 4 2 C 05 TSIBTJTI 0 > " 5 . Prom Swan-srick ., ... e 3 0 Urom Selstsn 0 3 8 From Hebden Bridge .,. ... . „ ... i 17 0 HAM BOOKS . Prom Bindley ... ... 0 2
RECEIPIS BY GENEBAL SECREIARY . SCBSCKIPTIOKS . Brighton , ... ... 6 - i 8 Manchester ... ... ... ... ... Ill Manchester Painters „ 0 5 6 Saffron BUI ... 0 2 0 Birmingham ( omitted in last list ) ... ... 0 2 8 ^ Somers Town ... ... . „ ... •* 0 " "FakeSeld 6 5 0 Cunsmeisdale ... ... 5 0 Wigan ,. 0 4 0 CARDS . TTadsTrortJi Bow ... 0 5 2 &Brizuham ... ... .. 023 Stalybridge 6 » Manchester Paintera , ( misprint in lart list ) 0 0 « Camberwell ... . „ 0 10
MISSI 05 ABT FESD . 31 aekburn 10 6 Wsdrrortfe Raw . 010 Hebden Bridge ... 6 1 * Ashton-nnder-Xyne ... ... 1 1 i Sir . Yarleyfrith , Mossley 0 1 « -Manchester , Mr . lonsdale ... ... ... 0 5 Pennnea ... i 6 Somers Town ... ... 0 8 0 Wakefield ... . „ 0 i 7 Cszumersdale C 2 6 T . M . Wheeler , Sec .
Dforeftm Qntetltoencz.
dForeftm QnteTltoencz .
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FRANCE . Loris Phxltttb asd ihb Press . —There is a little incident to which 3 am anxious to call attention , 23 it is eminently calculated to display tha tylannica ] disposition of Louis Philippe . M . Victor Bonton is the author of a clever and popular biography of the ^ deeeased M . Lafilie . The demise of this ¦ genilenian rendered a secand edition of the -work necesrsry ; and M . Bonton intended to include in ¦ an appendix the funeral orations of the Republicans Arago and Garnier Pases . Instructions were however privately given by the Government to all the printers in Paris to refrain from any connexion with the new edition . And ^ vet the seventh article of the
Charta of 1830 say ? : —** Frenchmen have the right of publishing and printing their opinions , conformably 10 the laws . The Censorship can never be restored / " in a letter to that excellent daily journal , the Rcfonre , M . Eonton says : — It is my intention to prosecute this uSjit before the tribunal of Commerce , ia consequence of tie eircnms * ances connected with it , and which indicate another attempt upon ihe liberty of the press . " It was chiefly on account of the oration of M . Garnier Pages that tfce aborentetnioned step was taken by the troverniEent : and jet that oration was pnplished in the thirty-seven aeyftpapers cf Paris , and do donbt in all the profincisi joamals \—Correspondent of the Dispaich .
PRTJ 33 IA . Serigus DiSTCBBAiXES . —The Vniversal Prussian Gazette states , from Silesia , June 6 , that serious disturbances have broken ont amongst the Jinenyeavcrs of some of the largest manufactoring villages in that country . At Petrswaiden and Langenbrelaujtbs -workmen , excited by real or imaginary grie-TanceB against their employers , atracked and fiemua .- ! : £ d several factories . An armed force was called cut , and tbe mob having refused to disperse , dan ? were
Mlled-TUiJKKY . C-costastctopls , Mat 27 . —Some symptoms of acliviij haTe at Icu ^ xh been shown by Vae Turkish troops ia Albania . 'The Porte has communieaied to the f ~ r < ign emb&Fsies despatches received from that province , da : td 16 th May which states thai mo engagtmenla had taken place between the iniurgerns « . s . d &s soldiers of tte Sultan , in -which the Jbrmer were completely routed , that the consequent discouragement -was such that nnnxbers of the rebels were daily returning to obedience , and that there TTis every prospeci of xbat part of ine empire beinj , speedily brought to a state of traBquility . rKITED STATES .
On ih& 31 = t ulu a democratic National Conveutioa elartd at Baliimore , after alltmptiu ^ during one ¦ week to choose a candidate for the next Presidential campaign . Tnere was a great degree of excitement manifested on the oecason z the result of the Com ention was , that James K . Polk , of Tennessee ¦ was iiuanimoiisly nominated for the office of President , and George M . Dallas , of Pennsylvania ., Viee-Prefidrnt . It is somewhat singular that these gentlemen soonid have been unanimously chosen in preference to some half-d&Zsn far more popular cantfiaies . SOTJIH A ¥ 5 TBIAIiIA . TVe have been favoured witb a filo of the Adelaide Ol > server up to the 27 th of January ( inclusive ) from which we give the following extracts : —
Seme Idea of the commercial importance of Sydney njsy be formed on a presentation of tlie following lids . At the close of the las * , year the harbour contained sixty-two ships and vessels , of from 50 to 550 tons burthen , making a register tonnage 0 / meaii i 18 , 000 tons . There were twsD « y-two Colonial wha -rs at sea , seven of which had captured at the last advicre 2 , 250 barfed of oiL The details of a Week '^ arrivals and departures , imports and exports , occupy * the largest portion of » newspaper colsmn , « id ine lists of expected arrivals comprise fortythree ships and Teasels , from British , Colonial and Portion ports .
Fr « m the contemplation of the capital city , we inrn 10 the examination of the Col&ny of Ifew Sonth "Walt 5 , vrirh its statistics , comajerce , and resources , and we find a population of 160 , 000 sodIs j , acres under cdtivation , 115 , 000 ; a year ' s exports valued » t £ 1067 , 411 J ditto imports , £ 1 , 445 , 000 ; diuo shipping inwards , 6501 ditto shipping outwards , « * 30 ; din in the Banks , ^ £ 408 , 000 ; and a revenue of £ S 7 O . 0 G 0 . Whatever may be the present-position of Ucw South Wales , the time must shortly como -when , as a field ofinvestment , it Trill present numberless and renewed attractions , and as a seat of commerchJ operations , the moBt extensive and extra-Wdinary . _ _
Thcnrrf semon of the first Legislative assembly t » f 2 s ew Seutls Wales dosed its fiittingson ihe 5 Ssh of December last . . The famous Pfandbrief Bill , which , after having undergone the fnllesfc discussion by the Council and the press , was , in the face of the ZBost tolid and unanswerable objections read a third tjine and passed ; bnt his ^ Excellency returned it to the Legislative Council -with the following laconic Taote : — " In the name , and an behalf of Eer Majesty , J withhold mrAlajzsty ' s sanction to this Bill ?' Cestituiios Dt Stdjiet . —Tlie Distressed LaboarrT 3 and Mechanics * Committee in Svdnev has
-made iis report , from which it appears that there -are nearly 4 3 C 00 people ^ namely , 1 ^ 43 men , 804 inarmed vromen , and 1 . 701 thUdren in a state of destitution at the present moment ; and it Is . officially declared tbat this list , is likely to increase . The Avstraiian aeain warns them against the fatal folly of going 4 o VaJpaTiifid , and urges upon the Local { hrrernmmi and the City Conocil forthwith to set « mfop £ FMse large pubSc vroTks by which to afford emp loyment to tho Sestituto Mcehanka . £ 1000 has tfcseifToied to remove & portion of tbem info-the interfory- and- some are reeeiring relief from a local
To The Enemies Of Oppression.
TO THE ENEMIES OF OPPRESSION .
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THE " LEEK EATING" HOUSE . Agjox has Sir Robxrt Peel forced th « blasterin ^ House of Commons to eat the leek ! to swallow its own vote ! 10 reverse Its ow a deciaioa i I Oil Friday last , by a majority of twenty , in a very full House , it was decided ; that a proposition made by Government , relative to the Sugar Duties , should not receive ths sanction of the " collective -wisdom " of the nation ; bnt that another and different proposal shonld be carried into effect . On Monday , Sir Robert appeared , and after lecturing the House on its desperate audacity in presuming to exeroise any of the privileges of a " deliberative assembly /* roundly called on it to vote tho contrary to what it had oa Friday voted , or he wouJd resign his office : and , —cringing , spaniel-like , —the House of Commons did his bidding ]
In another place will be found a full report of the disgraceful and abasing proceeding . To that report we can do no more than direct attention . The length at which -we have given it , leaves ns bo room for comment . And , i' faith , the transaction needs none , to cause it to be understood or appreciated by the country . A )} that can be said out of doors cannot add to the infamy of the in-door sacrifice of " IKDEPSMDEXCB and consistency" at the shrine of Ministerial arrogance ; and all the explanation in the world cannot make the real fact plainer than it is—that Sir Bobsbt Peel lias bullied the Commons into the voting of himself Sutrsmk Dictator !
We cannot , however , refrain from letting the ptople know to tchom particularly it w , that they are indebted for this elevation of the despotic Premier . Following the debate on Monday night , which ended in the House registering its own base subserviency , will be found an Atuitysis of the Division : and at the eiid of it will b ^ found -thirteen names whe gave ihe Minister his majority , and erected him into the Atttocbat of England 1 Let those thirteen names be conned over ; and then let the following shameless avowals of the free-trading Chronicle have their dne weight : —
What a carioBs game are politics 1 Who could have believed that a Ministry which was placed in power by the agricultural party , to defend them acainst the Letigue , vou'd have ovred their existence , within three yeara , to their groat enemy ? Who could have believed , when Sir Kobert Peel denounced Mr . Cobden , in February , 1843 , on tbe fl ; or of the House of Commons , thai in ihe itexl session he twu / d t » e Aw majority to Mr . Cobden ? Yet so it is The Ministers on Monday had a majority of 22- In that number there appear the names » f eleven or twelve gentlemen of Liberal politic * , more or less connected with the league , and some of them , the Itaders 0 / that great confederacy . It is CLBaB , THERE . TOILB , THAT IF THfcSB GENTLEMKK HAD VOTED WITH THEIR OWS SIDB OF THE HOUSE , THE
H 1 SISTEB WOULD HAVE EITHER BEEN STALEMATED BY A TIB , OB HaJE YOVTiD HIMSELF IN A MIXOK 1 TT of two—aod that divers transactions wonld have taken place yesterday which -we need net now go into . There ¦ would have been journeys to and from tbe P-Oace—J 07 and coDBteroation at the Gsrlton ; Lord Spencer , or Lord Melbourne , or , according to Others tDD T > ake of Bicitsoad , sent . tor ; and , in a week or ten dUys from this time , \\ -would be obvious to all men how easQy th » world couid go on wiihout Sir R . Peel ,
or how much better he would carry ont free-trade principles with -a re-conntitu'ed Cabinet Boi 1 B 0 M ALL THIS THE I / EaGCE HAS SAVED VS . In the plenitude of wisdom they have slipped in between the chanees ef Lord Spencer and no duties upon corn—the chances 0 ! Lord John Russell and moderate fixed duties —or , if such chances -were tquivocal , upon the certainty that Sir B- Peel -would be driven to re-coBBtruct the Cabinet on principles far more favourable to Free Trade than at present is the case .
The minissebial sugab duties , and the jusjsters themselves have been saved by He . Cobden . It vnU be no doubt a new ground of agricultural cocfidecee in the former , aad will tend to heal the differences which exist between them and county members . We can conceive nothing wanting to complete the peculiar position of that great interest , in its relation to the Government , now that the chasm of their lost confidence is supplied by gentlemen -who have hiiheto ranged as their antipodes .
We must , however , Wira our readers that the beginning of tbe end has eome . It has come , undoubtedly at an earlier time , and is accjmpanied by circumstances ¦ which -srere not exptctert . Bat it has not come ieilho * t puffing ihe Corn Law Cabinet under obligations to the Anti-Corn Law League . It has exhibited a Tory Cabinet V 3 DER THE SHELTER OP PASTIES WITH ftHOM THEY -WEHE SUPPOSED ^ TO HATE THE gbeatest di ? pere . nces—the friends of agriculture under the fPiug of Lord Radnor's son ; aod , as if tbe genius of retribution rtqnired still greater sacrifices , ihe Sliding-Sca'e sustained under the ample eegis of Mr . Cobden ,
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THE SPY SYSTEM . "RIGHT OF SEAUCH * AT HOME . Pbepabed as oar readers , and indeed the public at large , must have been for any act of meanness , oppression , or tyranny perpetrated by the Secretary of Slate for the Home Department , all , till now , must have felt assured that there was a limit prescribed by terror , if not by honour or morality , beyond which even he would not dare to pass . In 1842 the indomitable courage of the working classes rescusd the right of expressing public opinion from the grasp of the destroyer and the bludgeon i > f his myrmidons
The partiality of the Hworn Judge ; the prejudice of middle-class jurors ; the pliancy of Crown witnesses , and the perjiiry of police spies , all conjointly tended to an augmentation of the corps of martyrs ; while through their manly suffering the right of free expression was preserved even at the hazard of being thwarted into sedition . la 1843 the purlieus of the Press -were searched , and fitting instruments selected for the ihnocolation of Ireland with tbe disease which English health and the EagliBh constitution had thrown off : and to the fact of the infection being taken after the inflammation had subsided , we attribute its failure upon the Irish patient .
The Home Secretary , aware of the value of temperament and disposition , allowed inflammation to run to its highest pifoh before he -would allorf the country to be innocnlated , hoping thereby to sow the seed of a fatal and deadly disease . "What Bpecies of tricK , of treachery , and finesse was left untried to estatliEb the ascendancy of terror ! Policemen convicted of swelling Eibbonmen ; Jury-liste lost
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by mere chance ; Protestants thrown'togethor in the Jury-box , by some lucky accident ; warriors , sworn to preserve the peace , deposing to terror , which by the shewing of the Judge who passed sentence , would not be supposed reasonably to exist ; the construction of crime , by mere implication , and conviction for conspiracy , where no seorets existed —no threat was used , and a whole nation
combined in one common design : were not tho means resorted to , to proonre thenecessasy result sufficienti and had not tbe Eight Honourable Gentleman ensured the mastery of the law , and ample means whereby its provisions might be rendered nnproteotive , without inflicting the deeper injury upon the national character by having recourse , to what , in cases of the extremesfc danger should be resorted to , after nerrous deliberation and with trembling hand
—THE OPENING OF PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE !! A gentleman , conscious of the integrity of his associates , and of the honour of his companions will leave his correspondence open , and yet preserved by feelings , not of honour , but of mere propriety , from the inspection of the visitor or the intruder . The sealed and the unsealed are equally sacred ; and we doubt that there is a higher offence known to society than that of one gentleman attempting to read the correspondence of his nearest friend , if not submitted to him . But to break his seal ! and that under the flimsy pretext , that the law conferred the right ) apon him , is a crime unknown to society , and confined to a Minister who should be the especial guardian of public morals and public rights !
In close connection witb this branob of tbe perfect system of espionage now in process of full development in this " pbee" country , is the one relating to the " Right of Search" by the Police , and which has latterly been strikingly illustrated in two remarkable instances . The other week Mr . Hume drew the attention of the House to tho case of Alfbed Moobe , a hawker , who bad been apprehended in the streets of Shrewsbury for being drunk , but who , when placed at the bar before the Magistrates , was called on to answer another and altogether different charge , manufactured out of
documents which had been illegally , ** Waklbt trnly put it , taken from hia person by tho Police when they had him in custody . The Honourable Member contended , and repeatedly put the point to Sir James Gsahah , that the Police had no right to seabch the person of Moobe , whom they had apprehended on a charge of drunkenness ; much less had they a right to make use of documents which they might , by an illegal and unwarrantable stretch of power , have obtained possession of . Sir James G bah am was too wily to give an opinion on the point Mr . Waklet so ofton
thrust under his sose ; and the Honourable Member for Finsbury was forced to content himself with the expression of a hope that tbe friends of Moobb would furnish him with means to try the question in a Court of Law . Since then another case has arisen , which is likely to procure a decision of law in one of the Superior Courts on the subject . We allude to the case of Count Ostbowski , which has already made some noise both in Parliament and out , and which , we trust , is destined to make much more . For ourselves we are glad that this case has arisen : glad because it is likely to lead to a legal
trial and decision on the Bubjeot . The question involved is one on which we have had much to Bay ; one , tbe illegality and hardship of which we pointed out months ago ; but failed to rivet publio attention to it at that time , because the parties subjected to illegal search were only Chartists . On that occasion we showed that no Constable had any ri ? ht to search , either the person or dwelling of any person whom be might apprehend on warrant for misdemeanour , unless on a distinct warrant directing such search i and that if he did bo , he did it at his peril ; the law justifying besistancbIo Buchillegal search , even to the death . We pointed out the consequences that would
accrue to society if the practice then pursued towards the Chartist conspirators was tolerated ; shewing that all the forms and requirements of law must necessarily cease to be respected , if tbe administrators of law were allowed to set the portions devised for the protection of the subject against lawless aggression at utter defiance ; and that the Government of " free" England would necessarily merge into one of military despotism , with tho blue-coated Gens ' elarme having the right to pay domicillary visits . How far we were from speaking the truth , as to the tendency of the new police system , with Us new , but illegal , jnotions of the w Right of Search , ' let the following testify : —
The following version of the arrest of Count Oatrowski has been forwarded for publication , by tbe Count himself : — As Count Ostrowaki was quietly Bitting in his apartments in Mount-street , Groavenor-square , be was surprised by the sudden entrance of five er six individuals , who , without any attempt to explain tbe object of their visit , seized upon him with tbe utmost violence . Count Oitrowski naturally opposed some resist auce to this proceeding , when tbe intruders declared themselves to be policemen ( though they wore no uniform ) , and on being n quested by the Count to produce the -warrant under which they ao ed , they drew their staves , and threatened to " dftSb bis brains out , " unless be surrendered instantly .
Count Osttowaki was detained by some of the policemen in his sleeping apartment , whiJst tbe others w « ro engaged in rummaging his writing-desk and securing his papers . Ho was then conveyed to a stationhouse at Westminster , and afterwards brought op before Mr . Jardine , at Bow-street , where hj , for the first time , leatnt tbe nature of the charge on which he had been arrested . It appears that on Monday week Count Odtrow&ki called at his tailor's , Mr . Inkson'a , in Ryder-strett ; St . JauieaV , anil observing a pair of trousers cf rather striking appearance lying en the counter , he happened to inquire for whom
they -were intended . He was infornibd they bad been ordered by tbe E . nperer Nicholas ; at which Count Odtruwski expressed some surprise , and added , in a jocular manner , that he should like to bave the trjirg of them on .. Mr . Inkaou , or his shopman , converted this Temark into a tsreat against the life of their imperial customer : and it -was en thta absurd and trumpery accusation that Count Ostrowski was dragged with so much parade and so little courtesy before tbe tribunals of the country . Ea was required by Mr .
Jardine to find bail for his peaceable behaviour , bimeeif in the turn of £ 500 , with two sureties to the amount of £ 250 tach , or in default he v ? as ordered to ba committed for two months to Tothill-fielus prison . The bail was , of course , obtained without difficulty , a 3 soon as Count Ostrowski was permitted to communicate with his friends , which , however , he was not allowed to do until several hours after the time of bib arrest-Count Ostrowski's papers are still detair ed ; all his endeavours to recover them from the bauds of the police hiving proved unsuccessful .
Here is an alarming case ! » nd an alarm it has given . The Count has influential friencs ; resides in Grofivenor-squaro ; has wealth ; and a domicillabt visit to hjm ha 3 caused attcutioo . The breaking into his apartments ; the arrest of himself , and conveyance to the etation-house ; tbe search ofthe room , and the takiDg avvay of his papers , without other warrant than policemen ' s staves , is felt by the class of which the Count is a member to be a rather dangerous power , and ouo which , if tolerated in the present instance , may lead to the
breaking open of more houses in other fashionable squares ! Therefore , the influential classes are up in arms against it . The question has beeu before the two Houses of Parliament . In the Lords , Lord Badnor truly stated , that had the Count killed one , or all , of the men who apprehended him without warrant , and illegally seized and detained his papers , the law would have held him guiltless ; it having been ruled over and over again , that it is justifiable uomciDE for a man to kill another when endeavouring illegally to deprive him of liberty .
The question is not to be allowed to remain as it is . The Count has . publicly pledged himself to do all that tbe laws of the country will allow him to do , to set himself right . Of this we are right glad : for it is time that there was a lesson read to Policemen and Constables , as to tho exeroise of their power ; or rather assumption of power . On this account , wo feel a sort of pleasure that tbe domi-• illaky visit to Grrosvenor- £ quai * e has taken place : not on the Codst ' s account , with whom , and for whom we pympathisa as heartily as any one ; but on account of the poor people of England , who have been subjected to much worse treatment even than
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the Count has s * j > er \ mce&s at the hands ofthe hateful police ; and that too without bimedy ob even COMHISSERATIOy . The letter-opening affair of Sir James Gbaiiam ' s has . been brought before the House of Lords , as the reader ' will perceive by a reference to our Report of tbe debates ; and he will find that the practice has been unequivocally condemned by Chief Justice Denmax , who justly said , that if it was countenanced or continued , civilised society was at an end . He
also severely deprecated the conduct of the Government in withholding information as to the extent of the practice ; and called on Lord Radnor to introduce a measure to take the power out of the Secretary of State ' s hands , conferred by the Poat-office Act . Of Judge Denuan ' s opinions , therefore , there can be no dispute ; and with those opinions so unequivocally expressed , and with the feeling of horror on all hands at the revealments made , there oan be no doubt but that the spy ism of Graham will soon be put a stop to .
To accomplish this , however , tbe people must do their part . They must back-up Mr . Duncombe by petitions and remonstrances . This they can easily do . Any half-dqzan oan send up a petition to the care of the Hon . Member , to be used as his discretion points out . Aad the public can do more than this . They can give the Poat-offioe authorities a plain-spoken manifestation of publio opinion , on their confidence-betraying , secret prying propensities , to please the head spy of the Home office . Every letter that passes through their bands can be mado instrumental for that purpose : and if the publio are truly alive to the importance of the subject , and value the right of unrestricted and sacred correspondence as they ought , they will take care that it is so .
Below ia a form of superscription , which has been adopted by one of our correspondents , and which has passed through the Post-office during the past week . It is a " short and sweet" remembrancer ; and the publio at large would do well to act " on tbe hint , " until the power given into the hands of Sir James Grahah is abrogated . A lotter so addressed tells its own tale , not only to the Poatofaoo authorities , but also to the party to whom it is addressed : — ^™ Should ° Secretary Sir James Fouch t , " or . any Post Office Vidocq % feel disposed to read this letter , ho is required not to delay it more than one post .
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fSn . to 6 o ' clock , p . m . MR . HOBSON , ( at General P . O ., Northern Star Office , St . Martin ' s-leGrand ) T June 17 th , 1844 . l . keds . In another part of this sheet w ill be found several extracts from the newspaper press , concerning the atrocious act of sptism accidentally dragged to light by Mr . Duncombe . Papers of hues agiee in
condemning the practice as one too infamous to be borne . Tho Times takes the lead in gallant style : and from its paf . es of Wednesday we extract the following letter , from the pen of a well-known and highly-appreciated Author , as it is calculated to impart information as to the character of the gentlemen whose letters Sir James Fouche acknowledges to having oponed ; and it also indicates tbe foreign powebs who have employed the Home Office Spy to fish-out " treasons and conspiracies " : —
Sir , —In your observations in yesterday ' s Times , on the late disgraceful affair of Mr . M mini ' s letters and the Secretary of State , you mentiou that Mr . Mazzini is entirely unknown to you , entirely indifferent to you ; and add , very justly , that if be were tbe most contemptible of mankind , it would not affect your argument on the subject . It may tend to throw further light on this matter if I now certify yon , which I in some sort feel called upan to do , that Mr . Mnzzini is not unknown to various competent persons in this country ; and that he is very far indeed from being contemptible—none farther , or very few of living men . I have bad the honour to know Mr . Mazzini for a series ef years ; and , whatever I may think of his practical insight and skill in worldly affairs , I can with groat freedom testify to all men that
he , if I have ever seen one such , is a man of genius and virtue , a man of sterling veracity , humanity , and nobleness of min 1 , one of those rate men , numerable unfortunately but as units 'in this world , who are worth ; to be called martyr-souls ; who , In silence , piously in their daily life , understand and practise what is meant by that . Of Italian democracies and young Italy ' s sorrows , of extraneous Austrian Emperors in Milan , or poor otd chimerical Popes in Bologna , I know nothing , and desire to know nothing ; but this other thing I do know , and can here declare publicly to be a fact , which fact all of us that bave occasion to comment on Mr . Mizz ' nl and bis affilrs may do well to take along with us , as a thing leading towards new clearness , and not towards nevr additional darkness regarding him and them .
Whether tbe extraneous Austrian Emperor and miserable old chimera of a Pope shall maintain themselves In Italy , or be obliged to decamp from Italy , is hot a question in tha least vital to Englishmen . Bat it is a question vital to us that sealed letters in an Englieh post-office be , as we all fancied they were , , respected as things sacred ; that opening of men ' s Utters , a practice near of kin to picking men ' s pockets , and ; to other still viler and far fatal er forms of scoundrelism , be not resorted to in England , except in cases of the very last extremity . When some new Gunpowder Plot may be in the wind , some doubledyed high treason , or imminent national wreck not
avoidable otherwise , then , let us open letters ; not till then . To aii Austrian Kaisers and sacfl like , in their time of trouble , let as answer , as our fathers from of cl < i have answered : —Not by such means is help here for you . Such means , allied to picking of pockets and viler forms of acounfirelisni , are not permitted in this country for your behoof . Tho Bight Hon . Secretary does himself detest such , and even is afraid to employ them . Ho dare not : it would be dangerous for hhi )! All British men that might chance to come in view of such a transaction , would incline to spurn it , and trample on it , and indignantly ask him , what he meant by it ?
I am , Sir , your obedient Servant , Chelsea , June IS . Thomas Carl ? ts . It may happen that that power which proclaims a Ten Hours' Bill on one night , snd a Twelve Hours' Bill upon tbe next , or a certain amount of duty upon Sugar on a Friday , and rescinds its vote ou Monday , may sustain the parliamentary character of the Secretary of State ; but we doubt much that it will add to his moral influence . There are few novelties of a foreign character upon wbioh Sir James Graham has not now and then experimentalized ; and as this innovation upon English custom , English decency , and English
security has been committed at the instance of tha King of Sardinia , or his Minister , perhaps it may not be out of place to notice a circumstance connected with the earlier portion of the reign of that monarch . When upon tho eve of ascending the throno of his brother , Charles Felix , and during the last moments of his predecessor , the present ICing , Charles Albert , came to the knowledge that the people complained of many hardships which they dare not communicate to tha royal ear . The Monarch , anxious to ascend bis throne in quiet , and to allay the ragiu ' g discontent which might render the commencement of hia reign troublesome
and uneasy , hit upon the expedient of having publio letter boxes in tho publio places throughout the several towns in his dominions , vjhere letters , containing complaints of publio officers and others in authority , were to be deposited and transmitted to the Monarch for perusal . The tyranny of officials bad rendered this secret system of complaint indispensable ; and the effect of the threat was instantaneous and magical . No longer did chastisement follow tbe refusal of the passeDger or the bystander to prostrate himself lowly and beastily before each jack-in-ofHce , who had long preserved the right of thus commanding the abasement of his equal or his superior . The
very dread of exposure bad the desired effect ; and the demands of pride were ia part relaxed . Now , could it be that the dread of exposure , and the probability of the Right Honourable Sicretary ' B true character being depicted , led him from the path of ministerial duty intp the maze of individual suspicion ! or . could it be that the 6 py system , now so perfect in all its ramifications , wasyet incomplete , and required further improvements for the preservation of a ministry which . would test its popularity by the strength of its majority ? The subject so interesting to all , whether belonging to tho mercantile , commer-cial , literary , Or political class is discussed not onl y in the Lords and the Commons , but ia ever . 5 club , hotel , coffee-iOQiT i gin-pa ' acp .
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beer'thop , railway carriage , and omnibtfs with a degree of aoger , irritation ,, and astonishment , amounting to a suspicion that the recent conferences and royal visits , followed by the brotal seizure of Count Ostrowski , and the opening of a Foreigner ' s letters , are precursors tothe establishment of a complete spy system machinery to aid the " strong Government" in oarrying out those measures upon which , if unfettered , publio opinion would be apt to express itself in unequivocal ! meaning . We feel assured , that however the power may have remained upon the Statute Book for a century and a half , —harmless and innoxious in the hands of honourable gentlemen , —that its continuance when transferred to other
keeping will bo { looked upon with proper suspicion , and that this improper exercise of tho power will lead to its repeal . Thus it sometimes happens that reckless men , by an injudicious use of extravagant powers , lose them altogether . We have miscalculated the temper and character of Englishmen and English women ! , if they are prepared and willing to submit to one of the ' grossest violations of the rules of decency and society that ever came within their knowledge ; and we cannot too sincerely thank and cengratulaio the Honourable Member for Finsbury for the able and ingenious manner in which he forced the consideration of the subjeot upon the scruples of the Speaker , and the evident impatience of the Right Honourable Secretary and his associates .
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THE FRATERNITY OF NATIONS . While party ^ distinctions and religious differences have been artfully fomented by the oppressors of the human race , to keep the people of each pountry divided within themselves , national antipathies have , at the same time , been fed and promoted for tbe purpose of keeping in constant hostility different countries and peoples ; thereby preventing that cordial union of tho millions of all nations ^ which , could that union have existed , despotism would long ere this have ceased to blight the earth with its withering influence , and mon been what they might be , free and happy , instead of being enslaved and miserable . 1
All may remember how only a few years ago , the almost constant theme of English speeches , ballads , plays , &o ., Was that of the vaunted superiority of beef-rating , beer-drinking Britons , " over " frog-eating , wooden-shoe-wearing Frenchmen . " How that the two nations were " natural enemies " : and , what was extremely flattering to the vanity of John Bull , that one Englishman could- thrash five Frenchmen any day ! Statesmen , parsons orators , writers , and ballad-mongers , all united to foster this infernal delusion ! ,: and what the resslt was , twenty-five years of murder and havoo , blood and tears , finishing with " That crowning carnage , Waterloo ;"
and ( for this country ) a thousand millions of "National Debt" too plainly tell ! Nor is this all . Those vengeful | feelings were engendered in the breasts of our Gallic neighbours , which render them constantly on the qui vive for war with this country , to enable them I to " wash out" witb blood (!) the " disgrace" of those " defeats" which fell to their lot on the fields of Salamanca and Waterloo . The same game has been played , and but too successfully for a time , with respect to our kindred , the people of the United States . Tbe foiled despots of England , smaftiBg under that terrific blow which
for ever levelled their domination in the New World , and freed America from those chains wbioh still enthrall the European family ; rancorous with hate and mortification at so signal a defeat for them , so glorioqs a triumph for humanity ; set to work to create those prejudices in the minds of the English people Howards their American brethren , which they cunningly calculated would prevent the former enquiring intojthe principles and workings ef those Institutions which the latter had established for the permanent conservation of their newlyacquired liberties . " Yankee" has been tbe general
term of contempt and ridicule applied to that indomitable Anglo-Saxon race , who , for tbe last 70 years , have been engaged in rearing a mass of Republics , each as large as moat of the old Monarchies ofeEurope . The English press and English tourists , most of them aristocrats , or the lickspittles of aristocracy , have played their part in exhibiting all tbe faults and foibles of ° Brother Jonathan "—very often a thousand-fold magnified : which philanthropic labour for a time produced , as it could not fail to do , its
intended results—the mutual dislike and hatred of the people of the ' two nations . We say for a time ; for that time is -gone by . The mass of the people of this country no longer regard Frenchmen as their " natural enemies" or " Yankees" as a race that they should " naturally" hate and despise . A mighty change has come over " the spirit of their dream , " foreboding union among the nations and the fast progressing doom of undermined crumbliDg despotism . )
This feeliug of ; universal fraternity we bave done onr utmost to extend and propagate . In reporting the proceedings ofthe National Repoemeks of New York , and giving all the publicity in our power to the doings of the sterling democrats of America , our main object has been to promote that friendly feeling between jthe people of the two countrks which must of necessity result in the strengthening of the hands of } both , and tbe enabling of each more effectually to battle for the universal rights of mankind .
It ia in this spirit , and with this object in view , that our recent articles on America and Amebican Politics and Parties bave been penned . True , we have not wilfully shut our eyes to what we conceived to be the faults of our American friends , or the defects of their Institutions . At the same time , we have laboured to so criticise both , as to provoke anything but hostile feelings on their part . Our paper this week testifies that by working in this fraternal spirit , we have not laboured in vain .
We hava this ; week received tbe First Number , ( New Series , ) of The People ' s Rights , together with a file of the Working Man ' s Advocate ; the former the triweekly , the latter the weekly organ of tho National Refojrmehs of New York ; reports of whose meetings have several times appeared in our columns . From j these papers we gather that this new party is making steady and certain progress . Meetings arc being continually holden in the City of New York , and the good cause advances with every presage of a sure aad speedy triumph .
In our next we sball give reports of several of these meetings ; \ for the present , press of matter compels us to confine ourselves to an article extracted from The People ' s Rights , which will be found in our 6 ixth page . That article , as our readers will see , is a comment upon one which appeared in this paper of the 20 th of April last , entitled " All men are born free and e ^ ual . " To the candid and able reply of our American contemporary we invite the attention of our readers .
After all the abuse and misrepresentation which has been heaped upon Mr . O'Connor , it must ba truly gratifying to that gentleman to find his services in the cause of humanity so well known , and so justly appreciated by the friends of true liberty in the United States , as they appear to be from the comments of tbi > Editor of The People ' s Rights His sketch of the family , career , and political views of Mr . O'Connor is is the main correct ; and in behalf of the man who has been more bitterly and unjustly assailed ) by the polo-cats of the Press than any other , man living , we thank our contemporary for his unhought tribute * t the shrine of worth and patriotism . f
We call especial attention to the remarks of our contemporary on Slavery . That tbe views entertained by us are not widely different from bis , will be seen by a reference to our article headed " American parties and politics , " in the Star o ! June 1 st . We can believe with him , —for we know something of the ) factory-system in this country , —' that as a choioa Qf slavery , the southern plantatio
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ia preferable" to the northern faefwy . We know that if the slafe ia subject to the csprieea , cruelties , and immoralities of bis master , thai master ia at the same time bound by law to provide a comfortable home , with a sufficiency of food , raiment , aDd other necessaries far his slave : that he is ioundto do this , in health and sickness , youth" and old age . On the other band ibo so-called " fbee " white man , if not subject to the whip , is a slat * to mat worsb scourgb , STARVATION ! Tho slave has to work but comparatively a few hours ; tbe " « tEE" -man until nature is exhausted ! The
former is sure of food , raiment , aci lodgings ; the latter , if he will not work for reduced wages , or cannot through sickness or old age , may want all tbxee , sink into abject pauperism , or perish of famine ! It is the interest of tbe slave * bolder that the slave should be healthy aad comfortable ; but it is the interest of the mill-owner thai he should dispense with the labour of the operative as much as possible in favour of Machinery , IEavin * HIS WORKMAN TO THE HORRORS OF DESTITUTION . If the slave is the proparty of his master , and has no will of his owd , the " free" operative may act any time be doomed to death , by the simple edict af tbe profit-monger— " I will not employ you . " True the
negro is not recognised as a citizen while the white man enjoys political rights ; but of what avail- is ifc to the workman of New York to tell him that M all men are equal in the eye of the law , " when by some mysterious juggle which hitherto he has not been able to fathom , —probably because he has never taken the trouble to think for himself , —he finds such fellows as Biddle and Astor rolling in wealth , com * manding their millions of dollars , while he has not a cent in his pocket , nor the means to procure bread for his J famishing children ? Such a political equality is , all afarcel and brings shallow-minded men to the conclusion that Republicanism is a ham * bug , and that tbe lot of the toiler is every-where a hopeless one .
It is the glorious mission of our friends , the National Reformers of America , to prove to despairing humanity that the equality of man is not a lie I and . that Republican Institutions are the natural safeguards of human happiness . That they will succeed in their glorious object , we have the most fervent faith : and we assure them that in this good work they have the prayers and good wishes of the British democracy .
To conclude for the present oar remarks on Slavery . We war with its existence , npon the broad principles of eternal right and justice . We hold that " that which is morally wrong oannot be politically right" : and therefore we denounce and war with personal , as well ; as political and social slavery , wherever existing . At the same time , we think that the present course of the American Reformers in seeking the " land to make the man , " is a sound and justifiable coarse , and ia the pursuit thereof we wish them every success .
We charged the Americans with indulging in a "lust for military rapine . " Our readers will see tbe answer to that charge ; for the present we cannot afford space for comment , but shall notice the matter on a future occasion . Our contemporary pleads " not guilty , " in the name of the people of the States , to our charge of a want of sympathy with the oppressed elasses of Great Britain . We are glad to record that plea in our columns . We withdraw the onaxge , as against the people , apologise for our error , and rejoice to find ourselves mistaken . Our contemporary admits that the charge against " a large portion ofthe American Press" is " too true : " that there , as here , the Press is mainly in the hands of the monopolists
and money-mongers , . and consequently devoted to tbe upholding of the fraud and despotism of the few , and the perpetuation of the misery and slavery of the many . " The movements of the people ' s oppressors are duly chronicled iu their [ columns ; but tbe efforts of the people in England , in Rhode Island , ia New York , the movements of tbe ^ people anywhere , are passed over bj them in silence , or with a sneer , or a lie ! " The remedy for this is , for the working men of America to support only such pipers as will support their interests : papers which , like The People ' s Rights , will manfully defend the cause of Labour , and lend a helping hand to the oppressed , whenever found struggling for the establishment of the Rights of Man .
" The people of the United States" [ says our contemporary , ] " vtill sympathise with the down-trodden of ' tbeir own kith and kin , ' when they have a press that will give them tho facts . The working classes will sympathise with the efforts of the Chartists to obtain Universal Suffrage , when they bave learned the use of it themselves . They are now taking a lesson . " The concluding reply to our " charges" requires no rejoinder from us . Here it is : — " To the fourth charge of tneSfor , of' an abuse of the rights of citizenship in allowing monopolies to spring up amongst u «/ our movement is the answer . It at once confesses the Sin , and promises repentance .
" Tbe people ' s cause is the same throughout toe world . It is our work to perfect a Pattern Rbpublic . " Amen ! <( The people ' s cause is the same throughout the world "; and it shall be no fault of ours if throughout the world the friends of liberty are not united . If in our past or future comments upon America , her people , and Institutions , we have bees , or may be , through insufficiency of knowledge , led into any error of statement , we shall be happy to make immediate reparation , on being corrected by our American friends . We wish to bring the people
of both countries to a bettor knowledge and j aster appreciation of each other , than has hitherto existed . We wish tho sterling Reformers of both nations to pull together for the common weal of mankind . To this end we wou'd suggest that all opportunities be seized upon by our Chartist friends to correspond witb their American brethren , particularly with the National Reforkerb , in order that oar principles may become fully understood by the men of tbe New World , and that they may know that we are watching their movements , and sympathising with them fa
their heroio labours . Good would result from such correspondence to both parties . Look at the Irish Repealers , and the strength derived by them from American influence . We speak not of the dollars . That is a secondary consideration . We speak of the sympathy which is known to exist among millions in America for their cause ; and this sympathy is not without its effects on the Government of Britain . Why should not the descendants of the men of 76 sympathise with tha Efl ? lJsh
Chartists who are struggling for the establishment of the very principles whioa Pains , J efperson , ana Washington triumphantly established in America t They will sympathise with us wlun once they understand our cause and principles . Of that the orgaa of the National Reformers assures us . Enl igBteo . them , then , brotler Chartists , and draw olose tha bands of fraternity which should unite y « u a f' your American brethren in one holy cause— wi establishment of political and social equality . 1
Yts : it is the work of the National Bwom tfj of A-merica " to perfeot a Pattern Republic : " and ' tis our work to fraternise with all who are stra / , glin « for the freedom and happiness ef xnankin . 4 .. AH hail , then , to the pratebnity . ob HATioaai Befer 9 it kings must give way , and the spoliators and « P * pressors of mankind be trampled in the d oat .
The Robthsbn Stas. Saturday, Juke 22, 1844.
THE ROBTHSBN STAS . SATURDAY , JUKE 22 , 1844 .
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Mb . and Mrs . Munoz . —The Clamor Pullico announces that Queen Isabella has raised Don Francisco Mnnoz , now residing in Paris , to tho Digni-y of a Grandee of Spain , by the title of Duke of Rianzares .
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THE DtfRHAM CHRONICLE AND Tfl B INJURED ^ COAL MASTERS . Ws did not wait for the-Colliers' strike to saddM the responsibility of any disastrous result that m » J follow the long oppression offth . 0 Coal Kings , ; n ' j »» the , proper backsi / We very early saw that th « effect of Lord Ashlet's legist ation must lead" * " * Miners , ignorant as they aw said to be , tea kno ** ledge ofthe value ofthe " restf . ictrre " . prln « p le ^ rtiiw was the , jewel of that , swiping measure . I * *** to the restriction of the r assters that the men owed their uncertaisly ; and the caprloiousness of : * w masters was a consjjr geiiM of the praotiosU Q&P ' tions of the 1 restrict ive systein bo exten ^ ty J ° systettatioSkUy * awi eo harmoniously W ^ d « P « n *
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WABNmo to Ewgrahts . —By these Colonial Teasels we havebowb from : Sydney to the 13 ih Jsnuary , of which a copious digest will be found in our *• Colonial Retrospect : " to which we have only to add this week that in accordance with the arrangements with tbe Home Government for the renewal of emigration to the Elder Colony the first vessel , the Herald from Greenock , had arrived at Sydney with 380 souls , nearly one-half of whom consists of helpless children . The Sydney Weekly Register Eays that the labourers by the Herald were encouraged to emigrate on the assurance ? hat they would ^ receive from fo . it / to fifty pounds per annum , besides rations and other allowances ! ouch imposition is truly disgraceful . What will be done witb them nobody seems to know , and how the contractors are to be paid for thiB batch and the succeeding batches , everyone is at a loss to divine .
Fire at Adelaide . —Early on Monday morning Jan . 22 od ., anre was discovered rasing on tbe farming establishment of James Frew , Esq . When the fire had been sufficiently subdued to admit of a cursory review of the actual damage , it w&s found that two stacks of hay , and five large stacks of Barley had been destroyed , besides a valuable imported thrashing machine , dray , and a number of agricultural implements , as well as several outhouses , and some fine pigs . The wheat stacks , con ' -aining 6 , 000 bushels were to windward ofthe fire , and happily escaped . Whb some difficulty the house was saved . The Joss is estimated at £ 1 , 000 . Ou the same day the house of a person at Kleaizig was burnt to the ground . So rapidly did the flames do their work that the man who was in bed had barely time to escape . The fire was caused by ashes being thrown on some s ; raw .
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1 ^ THE NORTHERN STAR _ j June 22 1844 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 22, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1268/page/4/
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