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Northern Star (1837-1852), 31st August 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      THE WAR IN AFRICA . The Paris papers of Saturday contain the follow-Jag telegraphic despatch : — - M-tsssTLVES , Avgv . -t 22 , 5 p . jt—The Governor General of Algeria to the Minister of War . —Bivon&e of Xoudiat Abderrahman , 14 th : — ' Having marched upon the Morocco army , which became daily more strong and menacing to Algeria , I came up with it at two leagues is front of its camp . * It assumed the cff . ssTtf with 20 , 000 horse at the moment the headB ef our columns were crossing Lnelsly . We ' were surrounded on all sides . The most complete victory remained to us . Our infantry did wonders' ( interxnpted hy the weather ) . " Is vrUl b * remembered ihat the bombardment of Tangier took place on the §; h . It was staled that seiions step was taken , Erst , : n consequence of the rejection by the Emperor of Morocco « f the ultimatum demanded by the

      Trench ; and , secondly , in consequence of the warliie complexion of the intelligence recsired from iMar ^ ha ^ Bajjcaud'a - camp . It now appears , beyond all een-radierioB , that the Prince de Joinville corajB = sc-jd tie bombardment of Tangier without waitin" fcr tiic- reinrn of ilr . Drammond Hay , and that frizz he did arirre he was the bearer of the fnllest snbkiisisn on the part of the Emperor- It also appears that Mr . Hay renewed the same office on the par ; of the Emperor after the bombardment , and that the Prince refused to enter into any negotiators . On the other hasd , it will be seen from the dctp ^ -c- of Marshal Ba ^ eand that , notwithstanding the warlike appearances spoken of , a conflict with ihe iisrocco troops did no * take place till the l&h , ei * , i > i day ? after the bombardment of Tangier , and it-: ct = h then it was bronght od , not by the Moors , i » ut by Marshal Bageand liimself , who assumed the cffansTe , and attacked the Moorish army .

      The following is the conclusion of the telegraphic iJjspa ch , date 4 Marseilles , the 21 nd inst ., published in the MordlcuT . u We gained a most complete Ticiory . " Oar infantry , which stood most firmly , and s little lot of our cavalry fought v > itb . the ntmost bravery . They successively csptnred all the camps , which coTered a space of npwards of a league in extent . M EleTen pieces oi artillery , sixteen stand of coloars , 1 . 0 C 0 to 13 2 OO tents , among which was that of the Emperor's son , his parasol , the insignia of his command , ail -his personal baggage , a considerable ^ aaDtity of w arlike s » ore 33 and an immense booty , remained ia oar Dower . ** The enemy left about 800 killed on the field of i&tile . t ) jr losses , although severe , are li * ht when ire consider the importance of ifceb&ule , which we will call the battle of Isly . "

      TBA 2 « CB . O ^ T a « dsy week the Sixth Chamber of Correctiojisl Police sentenced eighteen individuals to terms of imprisonment varyiBg from eijcht days to eight months , for an attempt to erg&niza a combination anisDs the workmen employed in the stained paper juanuiaetories of Paris . P&i > cs LomsN-iPOLEOS . —Prince Louis Napoleon has addressed to the Conslilutumncl the following letter , in reply to some passages of the biographical article of Jeseph Bonap&rie , published by that journal : —Tort of Ham , August 10 , 1844—NottrubstandiaK my desire to remain a stranger to all polemics , I cannot _ refrain from replying to yoar article of the 7 th instant , for it attacks what I most

      Ta ' ine in this world—my family affections , mv opinions , and my honour itself . Yon say that 1 am the cause of the maintenance of the law of banish-EJent against the family of the Emperor ; you assert that the opinions of Xing Joseph widely differed from mine ; finally , yoa snppose me to be actuated by intentions which 1 never entertained . It wID be easy for me to proTa to you that yon aTe in error . Th ? insurrection at Strasburg occurred in October , 1836 . If the government had been animated towards ns with the sentiment of justice , vhica yt > a suppo ^ would it have waited six years to put a period to oar exile I Did it not reject , in 1834 the petition presented to the chamber in our ffcTour I King Joseph , you say , acknowledged the

      trell-founded titles of the dynasty of July ; yoa have forgotten the protest which he addressed in 1830 to the Chamber of Deputies . My uncle kad the most profound respect for the expression of the national * riil ; but he wished the exercise of popular sovereignty to be a reality , not a fiction . 1 hare always concurred in that opinion . The chitf of my family , deceived by the journals with regard to the object of the insurrection of Strasburg , was , it Is true , gr . atly irritated at ibe attempt ; bat when I explained to him the diiin ^ fcrestedi : es 3 of my intentions , he restored me his affection , and I was proud to deserve it . Eighteen months ago one of my friends , M . Mocquart ^ havsng waited upon him at Florence , jny uncle told him how much he regretted my captivity , and added , * Hsd Louis confided to me his projects , I would , Botwiihstandine my seventv-five years , have landed 1

      wi ; h him on t&c-co&st of Boulogne . You must not , accordingly , be surprised at my regarding the article of yoar journal as a new instance of a tacllque which consists in praising the Bonapartes who are dead , in order to calumniate more efficaciously the living Bonapartes . As respects the insane ambition with winch yon charge me , l agree with yon that there is n » loager any chance in France for dynastic pretensions . It would " be , in fact , the height of ridicule to presume to impose oneself on a great nation , and to claim as a right thai which is a mere Listorical iouvehir of another age ; bnt if I alwajs rejected antiquated pretensions , 1 never renounced my rights as a French citizen , and , as such , I considered myself at liberty to desire , a 3 well as others , the reign of democracy , the adoption of a more national system , and to ri&k my life for . the triumph of those principles . —Napoleos Lons Bosapasxk . '

      Tne correspoDdenee from Tangier , purporting to feave l » een written by English oJScers on board the fi-et , has created an immense sensation in P « iris ; and it i 3 said that in the Tuileries the feeling it has Occasioned is a Tery painful one . One effceti > roduced by that and by the other important questions pending a * , the present moment between France and England is understood to ba the postponement Of Louis Philippe ' s Toyage to this country . The Tahiti sSxa is not ytt settled , but it was Currently reported on Satnrday in Paris , ihat 5 he tkUimatuw . of the English GoTcrBment had b » en received i > y ihe FreneH Cabinet on FrMay . Its terms were rot known . It T » a 3 belieTed that M GuizDt had refssed to recall e Jher Captain Bruat or M . " D'Aubigny , bnt that he had offered to express the regret of tee French GoTernment that the zsal of some of their tfficers had drift n them to do acts Wlich conld Eot be justified .

      The Revue de Pans giTe 3 the following as the plan propo-ed bj the French Government for the settleaent of the qaestion , and says iv has got its information from a good source : — a After the exchange of several diplomatic notes , 2 L Ga ^ t ha 3 proposed to England the following arraBgoEent : —Thai Tahiti > ha ! l become a free Btv . e , ai . 4 that France and England shall each 9 f them establi > i a consul in the island , and that both conctrirs shall be treated on a footing of perfect eqealrtj in regard to commercial advantages ; that file Freiteh sgaadron shall be recalled , and that the linkcRjj of Queen Pomare shall be re-established . Vita regard to Mr . Pritcbaxd , he BhaB be at liberty to return to Tahiti as a private individual ; » ai he i 3 never to be allowed to hold any public unctions in the island . We do not know the aaswer of England to this proposal . All that we can affirm 3 s , thit the above is the Bense and meaning of the arraogement proposed by M . Guizat . '

      Thk JUjorxKe states that the directors of the ivoyai foundries had been ordered by the Ministers of War and Marine to sapply as isany cannon-balls , anells ^ and ball cartridges as possible for the service fthe different naval arsenals . According to the toe journal , officers of enRuieers and ^ f tbe artillery tad been sent to inspect thelsatteries alon ^ the coast , and plaoe theia ia a proper state of defence . The Constitutionnel mentioned as a report that teders had been ferwarded to Cherbourg jo suspend tbe preparations making for tbe journey of the King w England . A smilar order was said to haTe been sent to the different workshops is whieh the presents Hi > Majesty intended to distribute in England ^ frere beiDg manufactured ; but a Pari 3 letter states that no such counter-orders nad been issued .

      GERMANY , A letter from Prague states that the Austrian Government has published a series of articles for the Te « lation of the manufacturers and workmen at Pisgne ; but the greater number of the men have refold to sign them . A Berlin letter of the 13 ih , in the Journal de Frsncferl , gjvts the following account of the disturbances amongst tLe workmen iB the cotton factorifs , which we hare already noticed : — Last sight some disturbances broke ont is the « TReco : ton factory of M . Dinnenberger , where the Bita refused to work any loogar at their former J rae « . It appears that , some time back , a new kind of printing was introduced , which took more § B » e than the old sorts , and in consequence the

      tureeior advanced the wages of tbe men engaged in **• As soon as they got arcustomed to the new work , *« ey were tble to get on as rapidly as previously , * ad the wages were reduced to th' -ir former amount . It was this Tpdnction which prodnced the disnrbautts . The President of Police repaired to tbe spot J ^' 'b a sufficient force , and did all he could to calm we irritation which existed . He also took precaution ? io prevent any breach of the peace . Unfortn-? A 'j . lte spirit of insubordination had spread , and wjs morning the workmen of several neighbouring MCtor ie * also ttrack . The proprietor of one of ihem . «• G-j ] d 5 ctmld , was at tbe moment occupied in mak-»» K Va preparations for the exhibition , which vna to Open two days after , « rhen the determination of the Workmen wm eonsmnnicated to him . HerefuBedto

      » cr < ase the men's wages , de daring that fix or seven "HTs ? he thaler h 2 / . 75 s . ) were ample wajjes foi * etk ' s work . All possible precautionB have been «*«> to ti sure the safely of the machinery , and to Jrtveat acts of violence , *

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      A Berlin letter , quoted by the Cologne Gazelle , states that M . Dunker , the police-officer , wao aad been sent into Silesia to make , an inquiry into the canses and circumstances of the riots among the manufacturers , has been killed by a weaver , who shot him with a pistol ; but ihe Gazette adds tnat this sews needed confirmation . > Breslau , Aogust 15 . —The magiBtrates of the circle of Pleas have issned the following proclamation : —** In fcereral parts of the monarchy a feeling of irritation against the Jews has manifested itself , and in some places has broken out in acts of violence . The experience of former times teaebea us such feelings are contagious , and that everything must be avoided which can tend to increase them . I

      am , therefore , instructed by superior , authority to direct the police to pay especial attention to this matter , and not only to prevent and stifle ia the very beginning every outbreak of wantonness , in&Blt , and fanaticism against the Jews , bnt . if contrary t © expectation , such hostile disposition should actually manifest itself in words and deeds , to interfere with judgement , and produce the most decisive and energetic measures against the persons so tffeadiDg . " Later prom Prussia . —Hamburgh , August 20 . —I hava just received accounts from Berlin , informing me oJ a geueral strike among workmen ia the extensive calico-printintr works of that city , comprising a body of from 2 500 to 3 . 000 men , for an

      augmentation of Wjges ; but which , it appears , the owners are noi inclined to grant . It originated in the very extensile works called the D-innenfeergsche Gjtun Fabric , belonging to the Messrs . Niuen , Loire , and Co ., a firm wtll known in Prassia for the extreme liberality with which it has treated their workmen , and extended itself among the neighbouring works of Me > srg . Goldschmidt and Co . The rumour here at first was , that pome very serious disturbances had succeeded tae strike , and thai the works had been fired ; but th : s baa not been the case . Tae police have taken care that such a circumstance shall nat easily owwr , nor are the men generally inclined to such extreme and wanton

      measure * . BUSS 1 A . The Wab is Cibcassia . —Russian Fbohtieb , Acg . 9 — Extremely unfavourable accounts kave been received at St . Petersburg . respecting ibe operations in Caucasus ; but nobjdy ventures to speak of them . It may , be taken for certain that at t > e ena of May , auc in the beginning of June , the Russians lost in the combats with the Circassians nearly 10 , 000 men , ten important fortresses , several small forts , a number of cannon , and some very important positions . Besides this , many tribes hitherto neuter have joined the mountaineers . It is reported that the latter have since obtained further advantages . Tae war department seems to be engaged in preparing measures to repair the losses that have been sustained . There is no doubi that the Eicperor will go to the Caucasus .

      POLAND . Gjusd Dccbt dy Poses , August 13 —The accounts from Poland are verj gloomy . Within the few last cays forty Polish nobles have been arrested and conducted into the interior of Russia . The reports in circulation state that the thread of an extensive secret conspiracy has beea discovered in Pol&ad , and that two well-known persons residing in Posen are connected with it . It is stated the individuals arrested in Poland were assembled at the great hunt , which took place some months ago on the estate of Yon M , which is situate close to the frontier , se that it would have been easy for them to have crossed tho boundiary . —Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . The Journal des Debate publishes the following letter , dated Posen , the 4 ih iust .:

      —- The chief of the police of the Grand Dnehy of Posen , the Aulio Councillor de Yalentini , has just been arrested and lodged in solidary confinement . The following are the facts that led to the adoption of this rigorous measure , which produced here an extraordinary sensation : — Some time ago M . dc Yalentini received orders from the Minister of Police to arrvst a M . Malczewski , a Polish , refugee , who wa 3 accused by the Government of this country of fomenting disturbances by the circulation of revolutionary writings . When the police agents presented themselves at the domicile of M . Malczewski to secure his person , they found that he had absconded the night before . They seizid hi 3 papers , and discovered among them a letter , not sinned , in

      which M . Makzswski was informed that he would be arrested on the following morning . Inquiries were made , and it was ascertained that the handwriting waB that of a bookseller of Posen , M . Zupnaski , a native of Greeee . The latter denied it at first , but as he declined to do sa on oath he was taken to prison . There he confessed having written the letter , but obstua' . ely refused to tell how he know that an arrest warrant had been issued against M . klalczewski . In the meantime , however , the President of tho Administration of the Grand Dncby , havingheard that M . de Valentin ! was very intimate with M . Z-apaDski , ordered him to be

      likewise arrested , and he confessed having told M . Z-ipanski in confidence that he had received the warrant in question . Although M . Zipanski had refused to disclose the name of his informer , he was nevertheless set at liberty . The proceedings agaiBst tbe chief of the police are conducted with the greatest activity . When concluded , the reports will be forvnrded to tbe Supreme Court , sitting at Berlin , to which delinquent furtionaries of the higher order aTe amenable . The offence of M . de Valentioi is denominated in our laws an abuse of confidence towards the Government , and is punished by hard labour for a limited period , or for life , according to circunoBtances . "

      ITALY . Flobe . nce , Ava . 13 . —The discontent in the Legations , upon which the military commissions and executions appear to have had bnt little influence , will , it is generally believed , assume a more palpable form , if the affairs before Tangier confirm the belief entertained in Italy that a broil between the great Powers is impending . Many symptoms indicate the anxiety of the Papal Government , and the precaution it is adopting to meet contingencies . Under any circumstances , depend on it , as I wrote to yeu from Forli , if amelioration do not take place in the Papal system of administration ere long in right

      good earnest , perhaps this winter , but at all events the next , will not pass over without serious troubles in Italy . The fever and heat raged in Florence , but is now happily on the decline ; it iB a species of spotted fever , which generally carries off its victims in four or five days . It was known formerly in Italy , but has not made its appearance during a period of sixty years . Towards the end of tbe last centnry it ravaged Bologna , decimating in the space of a few weeks the entire population . It has not been so malignant in its last visitation as oh former occasions . I have not heard of any EDglith or French who have been carried off by it .

      EGYPT . Paris , Aug . ' 23—The annexed intelligence has reached the French Government to-day : — 11 Alexandria , Aug . 7 . "The Viceroy has abandoned Lis previons resolution to abdicate , nor will he persist in his intention of making the pilgrimage to Mecca . His return to Alexandria from Cairo is expected every moment . "

      FOREIGN MISCELLANY . BisTOBicu , ItecoLLicnoss op Tangiebs . —Tangiers is situated near the western entrance to the Straits of Gibraltar , built at the entrance of a bay on the side of a hill overlooking the sea , and about fourteen miles west of Cape SparteL It has a population of 9 , 000 souls ; and , in conjunction with Tetoan , supplies Gibraltar , Cadiz , LiBbon , and ether ports on tbe coast of Spain and Portugal , frith fowls , beef , Button , and fruit . Daring the memorable siege of Gibraltar , 1779 82 , Tangiers was of considerable importance to the English , from whenoe auch valuable information respecting the movements of the French and Spaniards was constantly transmitted . It Bjay not , however , be generally knewn

      that Tangiers was formerly in tbe possession or the English , having been ceded by Portugal in 1652 to King Charles the Second , on the occasion of his marriage with Denna Catherina , Infanta of Portugal , as part of her dowry . In the Bpring of 1680 , Tangiers was besieged by an army from Morocco , and Charles recommended the Parliament to take measuresfer its preservation . The ocenpaiion of Tangiers was said to be of importance to the Levant trade , and it was feared that two millicas embarked in that commerce would be lost . Consequently , detachments from each of the three troops of Life "Guards ; 260 officers and men from the First Foot Guards ; and 130 officers and men from the Coldstream Guards , nader the command of the Earl of

      Jlulgraye , were dispatched to garrison tbe fortress of Tangiers , and on their arrival were styled " ihe King ' s battalion . " These were followed by the Earl of Dumbarton's regiment ( now the 1 st , or Royal Regiment ) , and tbe Earl of Inchtquin ' s ( now the 2 ad , or Q leen ' a Royals ) . Much fighting took place between the Moors and tbe English , with varied success , and Tangiers was closely besieged by the barbarians . On the 27 ih September , 1680 , a general sally of the garrison was made on the Moorish lines , where 15 , 000 troop ? were encamped . The action Boon becama general , and Dumbarton's renowned veterans quickly carried the redoubts , although with immense slanghter ; the Guards and the Qaeen ' s Royals equally suffered , for the returns give an aggregate loss of 11 officers and 100 men

      killed , and thirty four officers aad 334 men wounded . King Charles II . found the maintenance of a sufficient garrison at Tangiers to be too expensive ; and the nation refusing to grantsupplieB , the fortifications and mole were blown up . Oa the retirement of the English , thb Moors quickly ocenpied the place , and it has ever since continuad in their posstssion . Whilst the English were masters of TaDgiers , the works on the land Bide wre considered as almost impregnable . In April , 1684 , the troops returned to England ; » nd only 233 effective men of the Guards joined their regiments in London . It is a singular his' orictl fact , that " rifls" were introduced into the British service in the year 1680 , and were ' first u ^ d by the Life GHards at the siege of Tangier ? , it is also remarkable , that abou tie

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      same period the Grenadiers were introduced into the army , and did good service at this memorable siege . According to the quaint language of the day , ** a company was formed of men who each carried a large pouch filled with hand-grenades . These men were instructed to ignite the fusees , and to cast tbe grenades into fortes , trenches , or amid « t the ranku of their enemies , where tbe explosion was calculated to produce much execution r" and the men , deriving their designation from the combustible with whioh they were armed , were styled "Grenadiers . " Although the haod-grenades have long since been laid aside , yet one company , which is designated "The Grenadier Company , " continued to form part of every battalion in the English service .

      The New Monarch of Mobmondom . —The Mormon mantle fcas fa'len npon Sam Smith , elder brother to Joe , the late Prophet , who has been , or is to be , inducted into office with all due solemnity , and take npon himself the entire government of thu M Latter Day Saints , " as prophet and patriarch in chief .

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      xi ?^ JP « *""*• - ¦ Another Defeat of the i ^ ZS ?? , dn f 8 day nlgbt the walls of thte town waa covered wUb . large bills , headed "Free Trade Ti rr P r lndlI 8 lr J" »«« J announcing that Mr . Falvey , of Manche « ter , would deliver two lectures in the Theatre on . Thursday and Friday evenfaga . The ChartlstB . who have never yet allowed a Free Trade tecluwto be delivered without testing the juBtke and correctness or the principles , determined that Mr . West , toe dlatriet lecturer , shonld be sent for . to meet Mr . Falvey Infair discussion , and thos afford the iahabitenta of Blackburn an opportunity of hearing both Bides of the question , and judging toe themwives as to the correctness of the opinions of the respective

      parties . A messenger was despatched for Mr . West , who was at a distance of twenty-flve miles , many fearing he would not b » able to arrive before Mr . Falvey had concluded his lecture . At the hour appointed ( eight o ' clock ) the Theatre was well filled by working men , the admission being free to all parts of the house . Mr . Falvey made bis appearance solitary and alone , and commenced his lecture , which consisted of tbe usual materials of -which Free Trade lectur a ire earnposed , delivered in an eary and affable mauner , and occuping nearly an hour and a half . At the close a working man asked if Mr , Falvey would discuss the question with a competent person , as they could find one who would prove that Free Trade meant nothing less than a reduction of wa § es . Mr . Filvey said he would discuss

      the question with any man in England . Another operative made some remarks about Ireland , to which Mr . Falvey was raplviug , when Mr . West made his appearance on tbe stage , when a scene ensuod which bnfflaa all description , the whole bouse rising and cheering for several minutes . Mr . F < ilvcy was quite amazed . He stood gszing in mute astonishment , wondering what c « uld be the matter , until looking round he perceived Mr . West , and the matttr was soon explained . A gentleman in the gallery suggested that as there was likely to be a discussion on tbe following evening , it would be well to have two chairmen appointed . Mr . Falvey said his lecture ] had been advertised for to-morrow evening , and he bad never yet Riven up his publicly , announced

      lectures to please the Chartists , but he would make his lecture short , and then Mr . West or any other person would be at liberty to ask what question they pleased . Mr . West said that to such an arrangement be could cot be a party . It would be an act of injustice to himself and to tbe cause be espoused , to allow Mr . Falvey tbe whole night , and then ( as it happened on a former occasion at Gleckbeaton ) to be tied down to twenty minutes ; tbat could sot be considered fair play . If Mr . Falvey wisbed for a fair discussion , let him forego his lecture , and devote tbe whole night to discussion , equal time for both parties . Or if tbat would not suit , let him name any two nights next week , and be , Mr . West , would meet him . the Chartists agreeing to pay half the expences . Mr . Falvey said be had made engagements

      for tb » next week which could noi be neglected ; but at tbe close of bis engagements be would meet Mr . West in Manchester , in tbe open air , or tbe largest room tbat could be obtained ; and also at Macclesfieid on the Park Green . He would consent to a discussion ob the following evening , if Mr . West would agree that no resolution should be nubmtUed to the meeting , for it was unfair in the Chartists to propose tbe Charier as an amendment to Free Trade , when they knew tbat tbe Feee Tradera were all Chartists , and : would not vote against it ! Mr . West said be accepted tbe challenge to meet Mr . Falvey ia Manchester and MaccleBneld , as aeon as the necessary preliminary arrangements could be entered into ; but be could not consent tbat . at the close of tbe discuaaion ,

      no resolution should be submitted , for the L « agu « were boasting tbat tbey bad the working men with them , and be wisbed toihow tbat such was not tho fact ; but as Mr . Falvey said , tbe League were all Chartists , and would not oppose tbe Charter , the resolution he would submit would be strictly on tbe merits or demerits of Free Trade , without reference to any party political question . Mr . Falvey said if bis terms were not accepted , as be bad paid for tbe room , he would deliver bis lecture , and then Mr . West wight take wbat steps he thought proper . On Friday , tbe Leaguers were all as busy as beea—beating up tbeir forces far sad near ; indeed s * active had they bees tbat up to the mement of putting the resolution , Mr . Falvey was confident of a majority . At eight o ' clock ,

      Mr . Falvey and Mr . West entered tbe Theatre , and were received with Uud cheers by their respective friends . Mr . Falvey then announced that he would lecture for an hour—then Mr . West would reply for hulf an hour—then he would reply for half an hourand then they would bave two quarters each—making in all three hours . At the close , Mr . West would submit a resolution , and it depended on tbe terms of tbat resolution whether he should propose an amendment or not . It may be necessary here to temaxk tbe disadvantages tbe Chartists labour under in discussions of this kind . Mr . Falvey claimed two hours for tbe enforcement of bis views . Mr . West was only allowed ene hour to reply to bis fallacies and state bis own case . Mr . Falvey bad four epeeeb . es—the opening and the

      close . Mr . West hud only three . However , they were tbe best terms he could get , and be bad no other option bnt to comply . It is hoped tbat tbe Manchester and Macclesfield discussions will be conducted more fairly . Mr . Fnlvey commenced by observing that God bad ordained tbat every human being tbat was created should be well fed iu return fer the labour they performed , but tbe landlords rushed in and decreed that man should be starved by act of Parliament . However , tbe almost universal admission tbat Free Trade principles were correct gave bira a confident hope tbat tbe destruction of monopoly was not far distinct . Even Feargua O Connor was a convert to Free Trade , and tbe League deserved credit for compelling Mr . O'Connor to acknowledge the justice of Free Trade principles . He

      then read from Mr . O'Connor ' s letter on war tbe passage where Mr . OConnor declares Peel's Tariff as tbe greatest measure ever propounded by stateman living or dead , and tbat it was tbe tomb of tbe political influence ef the landed ariBtocifccy . He then gave a bibtoi ical sketch of tbe Corn Laws , contending that they were no benefit to tbe ; farmer , and tbat they impeded tbe extension of our foreign trade . He concluded by a powerful appeal to tbe audience to assist the League in tbeir great undertaking . Chairmen were then appointed : Mr . Tbwaite of the Society of Friends for Mr . Filvey ; and Mr . Walsh , a working man , for Mr . West Mr . West commenced by observing tbat he hoped tbe discussion that night would be conducted simply on tbe merits of the question of Free Trade , and not on the

      characters of landowners or manufacturers , for though Mi . Falvey had abused the landowners , were he inclined to retaliate for every bad act of theirs to the poor be could find a parallel case—nay , infinitely worse in the conduct of the manufacturers to tbeir workmen , Mr . Falvey had said . God ordained thai man should be fed in return for bis toil , but landlords , said be , said starve by act of Parliament ; aye , and God had glso said tbe labourer is worthy of bis hire , but tbe manufacturers bad rushed in and set God's lavs at defiance , and would only allow tbeir labourers to drag out a miserable existence on whatever pittance they chose to give them . So far then , they were both alike , and though they were now struggling fer ascendancy , whenever the claims of labour came under their

      consideration , they forgot their differences , and united together to beep tbe labourers tbe slaves of both . Mr . West re . plied to ilr . F » lvey ' 8 remarks on Mr . O'Connor ' s letter , proving clearly that by no straining of argument conld it ba construed into an admission of the benefit of Free Trade principles uader existing circumstances . Mr . West then stated tbat it was impossible be could enter into the whole question in the sbort time allowed him , he would therefore refit bis ease on one view of tbe question . Tbe Free Traders contended that tbe great benefit to be derived from Corn-Law Repeal , was an extension of our Foreign Trade ; if therefore tbe fixed Uxei of tbe country were to remain as they are , and he never met with » Leaguer yet wbo did not contend tbat tbe debt was sacred institution , and the interest

      must be paid by all honourable means ; then this desired extension of Foreign Trade ; would be an injury to tbe middle and working classes , and only beneficial to tbe rich and the taxeaters . Mr . West then showed that ire could not extend our trade without underselling foreigners by superior cheapness ; that that cheapness could » nly be effected by reductions of wages , quoting from Mr . R . H . Greig , in support of his views . If wages , then , were to be reduced to cheapen goods for the foreign markets and the home market also , the condition of the working classes would ba made worse . The middle classes , whose incomes consisted of the profits on the necessary articles of consumption which they retailed to the labourers , would be deteriorated ; and the only parties who woutd ba btnefltted , would be the

      rich , and those who lived on the fixed taxi-a of ihe cunntjy , who would have an addition made to their income ; while the workman wbo was made to pay for all , would bave additional butdens laid upon him and diminished means to meet them . Then as to tbe other alleged benefit of cheap bread : Mr . West showed tbat when bread was nominally dear and labour was proportionally remunerated , breud was ia reality cheaper than now it was nominally low , and wages so monstrously rednced . In 1801 , when wheat was 116 shillings per quarter , a week's labour wttuld purchase 162 pints of wheat Now , wben it was 56 ehillings , a week's wages would only purchase 16 pints of wheat : be , therefore , called upon Mr . Falvey to show that another extension would not correspondingly reduce wages ; , tbat provisions would actually be cheaper , and that remunerative labour would be increased , Mr . Falvey said , tbat though Mr . West

      bad been very ingenious in striving to drag Mr . O'Connor through tbe mire , yet he had failed to do so . He would again read the extract , and he would still claim bis authority , as another " great fact" in favour of tbe soundness of Free Trade principles . Mr . West had talked a great deal about the taxeaters being benefltted by the cheapening of articles of consumption ; but was it any reason to say because they mi ^ bt be benefit ted tbat the poor were to refuse their share of the benefits . But it * a » most strange , If Mr . Weat ' a doctrine was true , that they had none of tbe bishops and tax eaters in the Free Trade ranks . Mr . West bad talked a gieat deal about figures , but they were like C * rpt . Bobadifr . Mr . West had said that each extension of trade was attended by a corresponding reduction of wages ; it was only when trade was bad , and no outlets for our manufactures tbat wages wexa reduced ; and he contended that tbe extension of onr trade bad beaefltted

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      the general condition of the people . When provisions were low , wages rose . As an instance ia Maeclesfi 9 ld , Persians bad been advanced ope balf-penny ; per yard ; and though Mr . Wtst bad given an inetance in 1801 , yet it was well known that though wages were high ., many were dying of starvation ; and many famine riots took place at that time . Mr . West bad asked would provisions be made cheaper ?) Why , bis own admission that the income of the tax-eaters would be increased was sufficient proof . Mr . West ; had failed to answer his ( Mr . Fitlvey ' s ) facts on tbe history of the Corn Liwb ; or , to prove that they were beneficial , except to tbe landowners . He had complained mncb about cheapness . Ho ( Mr . F . ) knew that the Chartists were in favour of the land ; but would it not be al ! tbe better if they

      could get it cheap ? Mr . West bad likewise denounced the extension of our trade . Were they then to give up manufacturing ? Were they to go to tbeir masters , and tell to them stop their mills ? For this was in effect Mr . West ' s doetrine . He bad beard much aboat the blessings of freedom ; but why not bave freedom in commerca as well as in science and politics . Mr . West bad talked about protection to labour . What did he mean by it ? - Wot be supposed he must have some plan . In America they bad Universal Suffrage , but they had no custom-houses . ; In S >? itZ 5 rland , tbey had Universal Suffrage ; bnt they had perfect Free Trade . As to the debt , the only way to get rid ol it was on the principle ol Sir Robert Peel—gradually to reduca the interest Mr . West bad given no facts . He

      bad made reference to the past ; it was all anticipotion of wbat woald take place at a future period . Mr . West—Mr . Filvey has said that I have gives you no experience of the pa 6 t—that ; it is all anticipation of the future ; but I appeal whether I have not clearly Bhewn that each extension of trade has been attended by a corresponding reduction of i wages ? 1 appeal to those by whom I am surrounded whether theii condition has not yearly been getting worse ; an I I appeal to the middle classes whither their condition has . uot dete . riorated as trade has extended ? Mr . West fcere read extracts from the ( statistics of tbe Leagiio , showing the increase of our foreign trade and the coasesponding reduction of wages . Had not destitution and crime Increased in the same proportion in Manchester , in

      btuckport , in Leeds , and in all tbe large towns ? yet Mr . Falvey says that tbe general conditioaof tbe peoplo has improved 5 However , this was ' a great fact /' that the League , in their conferences of miaisters of relig'on—of manufacturers and of operatives , bad sent forth to tbe world such statements of accumulated destitution and crime as caused the blood to run chill in our veins . Mr . Falvey , however , sa ? a their statements were all false ; people were never so comfortable as they are now . He would leave Mr . Falvey and these gentlemen to reconcile these discrepancies as best tbey could . Mr . Falvey said that be ( Mr . West ) wanted to atop all manufacturing operations . No ; he wanted the Fi-ee Traders to restore the home markets by remunerating labour , and se make the producers consumers

      of their own productions . Mr . Falvey said cheap bread would be a benefit ; butt would Free Trade give it ? No . Wbat gave land its value ?—the political privileges tbat were attached to it ; but enfranchise the man , instead of the land , and then it would come to its natural prlca Mr . Falvey had asked what protection be ( Mr . W . ) Vould Rite to labour ? Universal Sufierage . Id America and Switzerland they had it ; and there tbey bad no enormous debt , no State Church , no useless placemen and pensioners , no locusts and vultures , preying on the vitals of tbe people . Give an Englishman the power to protect ibis labour by his vote against those cormorants , and ] against the avaricious capitalist , and he might defy the competition of tbe world . Mr . Falvey wanted to know , if the Bishop's

      salary would be increased , bow I it bappeced that they were not in the Free Trade ranks ? Tbe answer was plain . Because there was a bond of union , au implied understanding between them and tbe aristocracy , that each should support tbe other in tbe separate plunder of the poor man . But bad Mr ; Falvey shown bow we couU extend onr trade but by tinderseUiag the foreigner ? Had he attempted to show how we could effect tbat but by a reduction of wages i Had he attempted to show that provisions would be cheaper ? ( Mr . Falvey—Sir Edward Knatcbbull says the Corn Laws will keep it dear . ) Has Mr . Falvey no better authority than Sir Edward Kaatchbull ? ( Mr . Falvey—No . ) Then , said Mr . West , I would not give a fig for 10 , 00 * such authorities . But he ( Mr . W . ) would give

      an authority . { He then quoted from Mr . Greg , to the tffect that Free Trade would raise the price of provisions on the Continent and lower it at homo . Mr . W . said be could not account for that humanity that said it was monstrous and impious to tax the people ' s bread in £ og ) and , but it was just and religious to raise it in price abroad . He could account for it on no other principle than that of Aid . Brooks— " Lard love you we are all for ourselves . " In conclusion he would leave bis case with the meeting . Mr . Falvey bad not disproved one of his positions ; for though be had said tbat " Persians" had been raised , yet , In Leigh , in Lancashire , earseneta had beea reduced from 3 d . down to ; 2 ^ 1 . par yard , daring tbe last twelve months . He again reiterated that an extension of trade cannot be effected but by a reduction of

      wages ; that , consequently , the working man ' s condition would be made worse ; tbat the middle classes would suffer in proportion , and the only persons who woutd gain wonld be the richer classes Of society . Mr . Falvey said be had replied to all Mr . W « tt's arguments . Wages would sot be rednced by an exension of tride , for wages depended on supply and demand , and if trade was extended , there would bo a greater demand for labour and wages would rise , j He denied that crime bad increased in the manufacturing districts more than in the agricultural , and he believed tbe wicked Corn Laws was tbe cause of all crime . He was sorry that a personal allusion had been made to Alderman Brooks , wbo was a good man , and has lately givtn £ 500 for the establishment of parks and gardens for tbe working

      classes . He then made a powerful appeal to the audience to vote for bis amendment 1 Mr . West then rose to move tbe following resolution/;— " That this meeting having heard tbe arguments for and against F < ee Trade , are of opinion that the establishment of Free Trade principles under tbe existing liabilities of the country , would be bighly injurious to the middle and working classes , ami only beneficial to the rich and those who live on tho fixed taxes of tbe country . " This was seconded by a gentleman on tbe stage . Mr . Falvey moved as an amendment , " Tbat the Corn and provision laws are unjust in principle , injurious iu their operation to all classes , and ought to be undoubtedly repealed . " This was seconded , and it was agreed that each chairman should put trie motions separately . Mr . Thwaites put Mr . Fulvey ' s amendment and called for a shew of both

      ban a , which wus given , the Free Traders cheering most vociferously . Mr . Walsh jthen took a show of hands for Mr . West's motion , wben the whole Theatre appeared one forest , aud tbe cheering was most tremendous . The majority cauld not be lesB than three to one . Ur . Fulvey expressed himself iatinfied , and his chairman declared the ihow of hands to be in favour of lit : Wests motion , "three cheers wero then fciven for thu Cnarter , and au attempt at three cheers for Free Trade by tbe Leaguers . Mr . Falvey moved a vote of thanks to tbe chairmen , which was seconded by Mr . West , and carried . The meeting then separated , highly pleased with ( . be proceedings . It is intended to print tbe discussion in a pamphlet This is looked on as one of the greatest victories ever obtained over the Laague in this town , as the ; question was argued solely ou ita own merits . —Correspondent .

      Northampton . —A public naeetiug ot the inhabitants t > t tbis town was held on j Monday night last , to take into consideration tbe catse of tbe oppressed Miners of Northumberland and Durham , whom the merciless Coal Kings bad , in tbe words of tbe placards calling the meeting , threatened with extermination , for daring to assert tbeir right to live in return for thefr labour . Tbe meeting was called tor seven o ' clock ; and shortly after tbat time , a dense crowd of people bad assembled in tbe Market Square . Mr . C » rey , one of the deputation from tbe Men ' s Saoomakers , was unanimously called to the chair . After britfly addressing the meet-Ing , be introduced Mr . Mundy , also from tbe same body . Mr . Mundy referred to the oppression of the Miners ; and read tbe proclamations of the Marquis of

      Londonderry , in answer to the just request of tbe otea to submit tbeir respective claims to arbitration ; tbe reading of which prodnced a general feeling of disgust against the Noble Lord , who could in cold blood inflict such horrible cruelties on the noble fellows , who , through their labour , had enabled him to wallow in luxury and extravagance . The speaker addressed tbe meeting at great length ; and , in an energetic manner , c&llttd on the people ot Northampton , to assist the Miners in their glorious struggle . He concluded by moving the following resolution : ¦— " Tbat this meeting views with feelings of indignation and disgust , the

      basa and tyrannical conduct exeicised by tbe Coal owners of Northumberland and Durham towards those through whoae industry they have accumulated tbeir wealth , and without whose exertions tbey would not have attained their present alarming influence . That sympathising , as we do , with every body of men wbo may be suffering under the blighting rule of overgrows capital , we hereby express our willingness and determination to asai-t by every legal means in our power tbe coal Mmera of Northumberland and Durham , so long as they continue on strike . 't Mr . Wakelin , from tbe associated shoemakers , seconded the resolution . The Chairman then introduced Mr . R . G .

      Gammage , wbo came forward to support the resolution . Mr . G . commenced by thanking the meeting ( which by this time bad considerably increased ) for the prompt manner in which they they had responded to the call that bad been made ob them . He then entered into a detailed account of the Miner ' s grievances , and stated tbe terms to which tbe men wished to bring tbeir employers ; and appealed to the meeting whether they had not justice on tbeir Bide , to which the people present loudly responded " yes . " He tkeu held up tbe Marquis of Londonderry to tbe ridicule and contempt of tBQ meeting . It wonld bave been a " bigb treat" to

      his Lordship had he been present . Tbe speaker next read j several extracts from last Saturday ' s Star , and concluded witb a stirring appeal to ? those present to come forward and assist the Collieia in the establishment of ! their righteous demands . The resolution was then put from the chair and carried unanimously . Mr . Hollow « U in & biief addiesB moved the next resolution aa follows : — " That a committee of twelve ba appointed , with power to add to their number , to wait on tho h habitants of the town to solicit subscriptions . " Mf . Wakelin seconded the resolution which was c&txidd , and tbe committee appointed accordiflgly . Mi . Gammaga moved an * Mr . Ste&toa

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      seconded a vote of tttaiikd to the Cnairmun , which he having acknowledged in a suitable manner , tbe meeting dissolved . It is but rizbt to say that throughout tbe proceedings the most marked attention was paid by the meeting ; ailetca being broken only by tbe hearty responses to tbe various sentiments put forth by tbe speakers . The committee at present consists of deputations from the Coartists , the Ladies' Shoemakers , tfla Men ' s' ditto , and the Tailors : several others * f tbe trade are expected to co-operate . After the meetiBg s gentleman from the railway came to the committee , and thanked them for getting up the meeting , promising to render them every a&sistance in his power .

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      Closing Remarks on the Pitmen ' s Strike . —The strike of the Colliers in the North of England «* now at an . end ; the workmen bave been compelled , by sheer necessity , to return to the collieries on the terms and conditions offered by tbe coal tyrants previous to April tiaat , when the strke commenced . This trial of strength between the workmen and their masters has not originated in consequence of a mere matter of wages ; but to settle the future ter : i-a of labour , and to rectify a number of abases of which the unfortunate operatives have long been the victims . The method of measuring the coal is different in various pits , and generally productive of great injustice towards tbe workmen ; an uniform system of working was therefore

      demanded . This ia one of the points obstinately rtfuged by the Coal Kinjja . And why ? Because tbey reap all the benefit from the existipg plan . A coal measure contains ; or ought to contain , six hundred weight : the men are paid for raising that amount at a time ; but in cases where the measure falls sbort ia tbe regulated quantum , they are paid nothing ; whereas wben they eaise more than the proper amount they reap not the slightest benefit . Tha men required weekly payment of wages ; this boon was refused them . The demand was reasonable , inasmuch as tbe economy of the poor ia materially assisted by frtqttent receipts of money ; and more can be dono with a sum split into fifty-two parts throughout the yesw , than divided into twentysix portions . Tbis may appear paradoxical to

      the wealthy acd prosperous ; bat tho experience of any working man , or rather that of his wife , can corroborate the statement . Tbe Colliers then required that engagements between masters and men should be entered into for the space of one year , in order to guarantee them against the chances of being kicked abouc from pillar to post , and driven from pit to pit , upon the very slightest pretence . Tiis request was denied ; tbe Coal Kings being determined to separate the workmen from each other aa frequently as possible , and thus destroy that intimacy which leads to the good understanding which is the basis of an TJnicn . Then , about wages . These have been reduced 33 per cent , during the last eighteen months ! At tha commencement of 1843 , tbe fortnightly wages were 36 s ;

      at the time of tbe of the strike in April , 1814 , they had been reduced to 20 s . Tho Colliers required 153 a-week ; and tbis paint has also been rejected . Evan supposing that wages should always be regulated according to a > standard furnished by tbe demand in tha market , we maintain that ten shillings a week are nst sufficient to maintain a hardworking man and his family ; especially when we consider that fines are inflicted on tho most frivolous pretences . These fines are imposed by the overseers and agents , at whose caprice the Colliers are compelled to submit to every iDjury aad insultoppression aud injustice—cruelty and annoyance . Taken altogether , tbe case of tho Colliers of tho North is one of extreme budauip . Thay adopted the only means in their power to assert tbeir mhta—to obtain redress ;

      And they have been laughed at , trampled on , and insulted , by the tyrants who bave wronged them . E 7 ery method te persecute , destroy , and crush them , has been adopted by such men as Lord Londonderry and bis confederates . Tbe very tradesmen upon the estates ol those feudal Barons who dared give credit , or even supply food for cash , to tbe colliers who had joined the Union , were the subjects of oppression . The condition of the unfortunate operatives became too desperate to be supported , although the cause was justice itself . Moralists and religionists assure l& that virtue always triumphs in tbe long-run : here is a case which gives the doctri-na the lie . The Durham pitmen were the first to yield , because their resources failed first ; and want , in all its most hideous forms , was present with them and their wretched families . Several collieries on the Wear and the Tees followed this example early last week .

      The Tyne pitmen still seemed resolute ; tbey were smarting uuder an accumulatisn of wrongs , and tbey shuddered at the idea of yielding . Bat an imperious necessity compelled them to give way to tbeir severe task-masters , or else to see their wives and little ones perish before their eyes . Thus is it that the Uoion is broken up—the strike ia over . Arbitrary power and immense wealth have proved stronger than the courage excited by a good cause . In fact , justice itself is trampled under foot , by aristocratic tyranny , aided by unlimited , riches . Thousand * and thousands of unfortunate men are driven by a stern necessity back again to a condition of abhorent slavery : bat this victory , achieved by the Coal Kings , is only another item to swell tbe awful catalogue of wrongs for which a proud aristocracy will shortly have to account to a democracy rising in ita power and its might , when tbe day of retribution sbaJl bave come . —Weekly Dispzleh .

      Manchester . —You will much oblige tbe Committee sitting on behalf of the Durham and Northumberland Miners , by inserting the following items : — Mr . Benjamin Hill ' s book 153 5 J ; John Johnson ' s 3 a 9 d ; Siimnins 6 i « tl ; Ditchfield and friend Is ; Robert Frost and friends 7 s ; from Bodmer ' s shop , par Alex . M'Wbee 6 s 61 ; John Jones pin mill Sa 8 d ; William Batty 2 s 6 d ; Thomas Siddely 2 * 6 d : Thomas Raskins la 3 d ; Mr . Ouseley 5 i ; Mr . Mather ' s book 3 ? « 1 ; friends at Royal Oak Is 6 J ; Buckley 6 d ; Mr . Ramabottom and friends 2 s 6 d ; friends at P . Bis ; John Rqach's book 53 lid ; Lewis ' s shop Ss 4 d ; Mr . Court 6 d ; WLtaley's book 2 a lid ; total £ 3 15 s lid .

      Shropshire District . —Tbe following sums ha > v « been received : —Hart ' s Hill Lodge £ 114 s 7 Jd ; French do . 4 s ; Madeley wood 2 s lOd ; subscriptions of various persons—Mr . C . Powell , Madeley wood 6 i ; Mr . J . Child , Dawley Green 6 ti ; Mr . F . Divies , Broaeley 6 d ; six joiners in BroBeley 3 s—William Baylet , Dis . Sec . John Clark . Disk Sec . has received for the Miners of Northumberland and Durham , tbe sum of 10 s 3 d , from the paper-makers of Chafford , near Tunbrldge Wells , per Wm . Shibbings . Subscriptions for the Miners Association , received at the White Cow , Old Radford : —Button ' s factory , Carrlogtoa 7 a ; Bates ' s factory Is 9 d ; from Cinderhill £ l 14 s ; from Radford pit 8 s ; a few friends 6 s .

      Halshaw Moor—Yoa will much oblige the men of Kaowles and Stotts by inserting the following donations : —Spindle and fly makers 14 s ; Thomas Brown , King ' s Arms 2 s Gii ; James Roscoe , publican 2 s 6 d ; Gerrard Bbwden , Vitriol Makers' Arms 2 a 64 ; James Boardmaii , Horse Shoe 2 ) 6 J ; Old Chum , Nut Inn Is ; Robort Howarth , blacksmith 29 ; William Row , tailor Is ; Isaac Derbyshire , dogger Is ; James Crrmpton , butcher 2 s fid ; William Hardman , shopkeeper 2 s 6 d ; John Nuttall , ghz . er Is ; Jonathan Shaw , draper 6 s ; James Pickford , Woolpack 3 a ; Ellis Howartb , Bull ' s Head 2 j ; Samuel Cheetham , overman for Mr . Grandy ' a 2 a 6 d ; Halshaw Moor shoemakers £ 1 . —One of the men at Knowles and Stotts that was barced , is dead ; the other is in a very bad state .

      Leeds—The Miners of Leeds and its vicinity wish to return their sincere thanks to the public generally for tbeir generous support , and particularly far tbe following sums : —Tottie and Gaunt ' men £ 5 8 % 5 i ; Servant * , D . Sykes 8 i l ^ d ; Sheepahanks ' s Old Mitt 2 s 5 d ; Rock Colliery 6 i 54 ; Lawaon ' s Mill 7 a 4 d ; Dobson ' a men 2 s ; W . C 2 s Id ; Danison ' s shop U ; Howard ' s weavers 3 s Id ; Volunteer Inn 3 j ; Waterloo Bridge 2 s ; SoeU ' s Mill 6 a 9 d ; Safety Lamp Is ; Leather ' s finishers 4 * 3 d ; W . 8 . Pi Save !•; John Rodam 2 s ii ; friends 6 s 4 d ; Leather ' s finishers ( omitted latfe week ) 3 s fid ; ArdiU and Pickard ' s 3 s ; GUdersome £ 9 2 s 7 Id ; Beeston collectors £ 113 s 4 J < 1 .

      Wakefield . —Gbiffik inn—Tbe Committee have received the following » ums : —Micklethwaite ' s men £ 24 14 s 8 d ; Crigglestene ' smen £ 5 s lOd ; Criggleston * Tunnel 12 i ; Harrison and Swallow ' s men 3 a 6 d ; Chat . Green , or Halifax 9 s 6 d ; Fanny Hall ll | d ; Potoven ' a collector 8 s lid ; Foundry 2 s 8 i ; Oil Mills 2 s 9 d ; Ardsley collector £ 1 5 ) 3 d ; Alverthorp collector 12 s 6 d ; Hlghtown Lodge £ 1 3 s ; Open Work-pit 3 s ; Junction Pit 2 s 6 d ; Stock well men 10 s 6 d ; Rocking Ledge 10 s ; Wood ' s Factory , Clayton Is 6 | d ; a friend at Fiockton Is ; Clark and Witiey ' a men £ 2 4 a ; Methley district £ 2 17 s 9 id ; Hopton Lodge 53 ; Joshua Greave ' a colliery £ 1 7 s ; Bur-well Colliery £ 2 7 s ; Brooks and Greaves' men 2 i ; Haliday and Rhodes * Colliery 16 j ; Mr . Cater ' a Colliery 8 s ; Batley Mills 98 7 d ; Ardsley , Jackson's pit £ 2 1 U ; and many more small suidb , too numerous to mention . - .

      South Staffordshire —A delegate meeting was held on Monday last , at the house of Mr . James Rolaston , Oldbury , which was better attended than was expected ., Mr . John Foy was called to the chair . The first proposition was , tbat the Secretary's books be audited , which was done : the bosks were found to be correct The Secretary volunteered an explanation of all tbe monies paid in , and all paid out , which gave general satisfaction to the delegates . At the close of the delegate meeting there was a public meeting , at the same house , a working Miner In the chair . The meeting was first addressed by Mr . J . Wilde , who made an excellent speech on the benefits of union . He likewise showed the state of the men of the North . Mr . Hammond also addressed tbe meeting . A few friends collected Is . 3 d . for the men of the North , andthe meeting broke up highly delighted .

      Thb District Secretart has to acknowledge tha receipt of the following sums : —Newbury Lane , Oldbury 3 s 4 d ; Woad&tde Is ; Brierley Hill Is . Subscriptions will be tbankfully received for the men of tbe North at Mr . John Todd ' s , New-street , DarlaBton , — John Todd , Secretary . Public Meeting . —There will ba a pnblio meeting at O . ubury on Monuay next , at ten o ' clock in the moming , near the Wlmsey Bridge , when Messrs . Hammond and Wilde , and several others , ate expected to attend . Staffordshire , YPalsall—Mr . John Hunt Ss a few friends Hi 8 d . Total 12 s 8 d ; Edinburgh trade * £ 1 . ' ¦ ¦ " .. ¦ :. ¦

      Birchen Cuff—D . Swallow 5 a ; W . Harris 5 s ; G . Brown 5 j ; T . SUefbexO 6 s ; 3 > We » tmorlana Sa fid .

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      WAR . Nobody sees a battle . Tbe soldier firea away amidst a smoke-mist , or hurries on to the charge in a crowd which hides everything from him . Tbe officer is too anxious about the performance of what he is specially charged with to mind what others are doing . The commander cannot be present everywhere , aud see every wood , water-coarse , or ravine , in which b'S orders are carried into execution : be learns from reports how the work goes on . It is well ; for a battle is one of those joba whieh men do without darina to look npon . Over miles of country , at every field-fencp , in every gorge of a valley or entry into a wood , there

      is murder committing—wholesale , continuous , reciprocal murder . The human form—God ' s image—is mutilated , deformeu , lacerated , in every possible way , and with every variety of torture . The wounded are jolttd off in carts to tbe rear , their bared nerves crushed into maddening pain at every stone or rut ; or the flight and pursuit trample over them , leaving them to writhe and roar without assistance—and fever , and thirst , the most enduring of painful sensations , possess them entirely . Thirst , too , has seized upon tbe yet ablebodied soldier , who , with bloodshot eyes and tongue lolling out . plies his trade—blaspheming , killing with t-avage delight , callous when the brains of his bestloved comrade are spattered over him .

      The battle-field is , if possible , a more painful object of contemplation than the combatants . They are in thrir vocation , earning their bread—what will not men do for & shilling a day ? But tbeir work is carried on amid the Relda , gardens , and homesteads of men unused to war . They who are able have fled before tbe coming storms , and left their homes , with all that habit and happy associations have made precious , to bear its brunt . The peor , the aged , the sick , are left In tbe hurry , to ba killed by stray shots , or beaten down as tbe charge and counter-charge go over them . The ripening grain is trampled down ; the garden is trodden into a black mud ; the fruit trees bending beneath their lucions load are shattered by the cannon shot Churches aud private dwellings are used as fortresses and ruined in the conflict . Barns and stack yardB

      catch fire and the conflagration spreads on all sides . At sight the Steed is Stabled beside tbe altar , and the weary homicides of the day complete the wrecking of houses to make their lairs for slumber . Tbe fires of the bivouac complete what the fires kindled by the battle have left unconsumed . The surviving soldiers march on to act the same scenes over again elsewhere ; and the remnant of the scattered Inhabitants return to find tbe mangled bodies of those tbey had loved amid tbe blackened rains of their h > mes—to mourn with more agonizing grief over the missing , of whose fate tbey are uncertain—to feel themselves bankrupts of the world ' s stores , and look from their children to tbe desolate fields and garners , and think of famine and pestilence engendered by the rotting bodies of the half buried myriads of slain .

      Tbe soldier marches en and on , inflicting and suffering as before . War is a continuance of battles—an epidemic striding from place to place , more horrible than the typhus , pestilence , or cholera , which not unfrequeutly follow iB its train . The siege is an aggravation of the battle . The peaceful inhabitants of the beleaguered tows are cooped up , and cannot fly tbe place of copfiict . Tbe mutual injuries inflicted by assailant and assailed are aggravated , their wroth is more frenzied : then coma the storm and the capture , aad the riot and lustful excesses of tbe victor soldiery , striving to quench the drunkenness of blood iu the drunkenness of wine . The eccentric movements ? of war—tbe marching and countermarching—often repeat the blow on districts slowly recovering from tbe first . . Between destruction and tha

      wasteful consumption of the soldiery , poverty pervades the land . Hopeless of the future , hardened by tbe actnes of which he is a daily witness , perhaps goaded by revenge , the peasant becomes a plunderer and awsaain . The horrible cruelties perpetrated by Spanish peasants on French soldiers who fell into their power were the necessary consequences of war . The families of the upper classes are dispersed ; the discipline of the family circle is removed ; a habit of living In tbe day for the day—of drowning the thoughts of the morrow in transient and illicit pleasure . —is engendered—The waste and desolation which a battle spreads over the battle field , is as nothing when compared witb the moral blight wbloh war diffuses through all ranks of society , is tbe country which is the scene of war .

      The exhaustion caused by war la not confined to tbe people among whom tbe fighting takes place . Tbe invaders must bave tbeir ranks , thinned by every battle , incessantly recruited . The military chest is a constant drain en tbe treasures of tbe nation which sends the invading army . It is in preserving its homes undestroyed and the remnants of its family-circles aneontaminated . acd in avoiding tbe actual view of the agonies of the dying , that the belligerent country which ia not the scene of war has any advantage over that which is : bnt this advantage ia almost counter-balanced by tbe chronic panic—the incessant apprehension which haunts its inhabitants that tbe chances of war may bring all its hoiron to their gates . The madness is catching : two nations may begin a war , but it never ends with two . Same infringement of the ri&hta of neutrals involves a third and a fourth in

      tbe contest . The exhaustion of tbe country which was at fiist the scene cf war tempts to a renewal of hostilities with renewed vigour on a virgin field . The ocean becomes as unsafe as tbe land . The battle-field and tbe siege find their counterparts in naval actions ; aud the seas are swept by privateers , tbe licensed pirates —tbe " salt water thieves , " who serve a state for winking at their pillage . The natural channels of industry » Te cammed np and artificial ones are created . An unhealthy and temporary atimnlns is given to the industry of one country by tbe paraljzed industry ef others New forms and methods of business are introduced by tbe necessities of convoys ; the merchant's speculations must rest npon totally sew combinations . Classes are called into existence who bave an interest in perpetuating war : all the agents of belligerent diplomacy , from the ambassador-extraordinary to tbe spy—tbe lenders of money to governments and purveyors—the speculatons in tbe plundering expeditions of privateers—soldiers of foitooe , who have n 6 loDger a country .

      Nor is the war-interest the only obstacle to the return of peace . With every new nation sucked in tbe vottex of hostilities the ulterior aim of tbe war has been changed . The ohject for which it was begun , from a principal , sinks into a secondary , or is altogther forgot ' tn . As interest , temper , or intrigue break 8 up old alliances and forms new combinations , new objects keep stiil emerging . Men forget what tbey are fighting for , and fight on merely to coc f uer a peace . Civilians , overburdened with taxes , become seditious clamourers for peace . Soldiers , sick of unceasing butchery , long at last for petce , and play Into tbe bands of foreign diplomatists—as Napoleon ' s Generals sold him to the Allied Sovereigns , and their country with him . Armies , recrnited from any quarter , bave lost all sense of national honour . The objectless is huddled up by an ignominious peace , wisbed for because men are tired and sickened of fighting , and brought about by treachery and

      falsehood . Peace brings with it a momentary gleam of gladness , which quickly subsides in tbe sense of exhanstlon tbat pervades all nations . The demand for the industry artificially created by war ceases with war . Other branches of industry revive slowly . The cost of the war in less than half defrayed ; tbe debts incurred to carry it on press heavily on impoverished nations . The war-interest is beggared and discontented . Men ' s habits have been unsettled—tbey cannot at once settle down into the new order of things . The first years of a gen-ral peace succeeding a general war are years of bankruptcy and privation—of starving and rioting among tbe poorer classes , of fraud and political profligacy among tbe higher . . . _ .

      Such is war , with its sufferings and consequential sorrows . Such is war in Christian and civilizad Europe war in an age and countries In which m * Bt has been done to subject it to regular laws , and to alleviate its horrors by the moral self-control and refinement of its agents . Whitewash it as we will , it still remains full of dead men's bones and rotiensesB within . And they who trust most to it will be sure to feel most severely that it is an engine the direction and efficacy of which defy calculation—which is as apt to recoil npon those who explode it as to carry destruction into the ranks of their adversaries . —Spectator .

      Untitled Article

      More Destbxjctiteness . —The following is the conclusion of a letter addressed to the Times , the writer of which thinks that in the event of Captain Warner being allowed to exhibit the powere of his invention , it would be " a bard case' * if he ( the writer of the letter ) was not allowed to produce his inventions at the same time . He Eays : — I bave had the honour to state tbe effectB of my invention to Sir Robert Peel—viz , that I am ready to destroy at any distance trom our shoresan enemy's

      Sect , in the heaviest sea , in the darkest night , and without any noiee , and will expose my bombproof bark to tho heaviest fire from batteries or a fleet , and shall have much pleasure to chase or attack Captain Warner , and will defy any one to destroy my bark with an *» invisible shell , " or wiih such a much more invisible range as six miles . " 1 am , Sir , your faithful servant , Needham Scropk Sheapnel , Son of the Inventor ol tha * ' Shrapnel Shell . " Gosport , Aug . 21 .

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      Untitled Article

      AuGrar 31 , 1844 , THE NOldHERN STAR 7 r * ¦ - - ¦ ,--.. — ^ . . .... , ' ¦ _ . ; * ^ ..

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 31, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1278/page/7/