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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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K = xt follows the answer to that letter : — " To lord Fevershsm , Chairman , Mr . "William Uader-Trood , Tice-Chairman , and the Gentlemen composing the London Cymnrittee for obtaining ^? libetxtJon . "Most Talced Fsiexbs , —Accept my sincere thanks for yoar very kind letter of the 26 ch of Jane last . Hating placed myself entirely in the hands of my friends , and Icf % them to decide my future coarse , I j reefciTe this letter as an intimation of the Divine will , and in bumble reliance on the gn&rdi&n care of that God -triicin i eesire to serve , I retire into that privacy from -which 1 departed for t&e sole purpose -of propouuding those truths which I belieTed , and do stil belicTe , issenual to the fcest interests of every class of the ccmn . nnity . "Receive from me the grateful return of thank * fox yonr great lsbours and sacrifices on my behalf—for Utf sfFcCtioisate terms in -which you have released me from my public labours—and for your solicitude for my fntare BsppinfcEa . I p » y that He who canned yon- to befriend me may be your friend through life , your snpport in death , acd yonr reward in eternity .
" True , 1 feave , 1 hope irith a single eye , but conscious of great infirmity , endesTonrtd to establish in the mind of our rulers and the people a recognition of those principles which * are calculated to secure tbe just rights of the -whole community . * J cannot regret the sacrifices I bare made ; because , although T \ have not been entirely successful , I am persuaded that j sosie amelioration of tfes Bufferings of my fellow snivels ess been consequent on the reiteratioa of those tmtba , hoireTeT unwelcome , which I ha Ye endev- i Toured to fasten on the public ear . j
¦ " Althongbtbe spirit of universal competition < which j is in direct antagonism ro the principles of restraint , ] regulation , and order , embodied in the divine laWj and j adopted by the -wise and good framers of out consti ^ tntion ) has , for 5 time , obtained an ' unhappy preva-1 Issee in the country , " yet , beinjf convinced that the Istitadinarian Epirit of the age can only maintain itself ontheJEins of all * nr institutions , and that the only security for the rich and great , as well as ' the most defenceless and weakest pan of the community , ' is fa ' a recognition and observance of those ancient constitaSsnal laws , * that I have ardently and
disinterestediy * endeavoraed to uphold , I will , with you , indulge the hope that , ere long , the dormant spirit of the eonsiituSon may be awakened in the breasts of the people , and that then ' the powerful section of the community by whose u-fioence' so many inroads have been lately made on the constitutional securities of every class of the community , * discerning the I * lse character of the principlij they have imbibed , and the erroneous course wnich they ha-ya ]> 6 en iniaced to adopt , ' will hare the cout&se and patriotism to abandon the ruinous expedients they have lately adopted , and , by a return to the pmoplcs of the constitution , bind np in mutual security every interest and every class in society .
" It will always be a Bource of happiness to me , itfiactiEg en my past carter , that although I have been Bomneo misrepraented and misunderstood by many whom I highly respect , that still , by you and by those with whom you were associated in the obtaining my release from prison , my principles have been rightly apprehended , and avowed to bs those which ' are calculated to secure the just rights of the whole cemmnttj . This assurance from you , » y Lori and Gtntlettsa , iffices every bitterness which the angry denunciators of opposite principles might have stamped on my ttiDd . " Year letter , containing rath iinS acfcsDWjedgmenta of the sincerity that has actuated me in the BEScrtion of those prinsiples of which yon so highly approve , shall be retained by me in retirement , to be referred to in saswer to al ! who may require information respecting my prbripla , my motives , and my conduct
" At your bidding , I retire from public strife—grstefcl that GtoD has given me an opportunity of endeavouring to sow constitutional seed in Ibe mind of the public —thankful that he has blessed me with such kind friends , sad praying that , after all , ke would cause my enemies to be at p = aee with me . " In retirement I shall attentively watch the » trnf gle bsween the two principles—those of universal order &ad bf -universal competition ; for on the issue of thai * iro ? gie depends the weal or woe of many people . If ess latter should prevail , Boon will follsw * the distress o . siiSoas- ; int if the former , ' righteousness will exalt the people .
'•^ God , I have convinced many that the mera fcife for party colours and party names is a delusion . The only itrife worthy the exertions of nan , i 3 that tetween order and anarchy—competition asd regulation , la / fo . strifej we find 2 ^^^ Whigs , and voEserTatiTes taiget&ng erery party distinction , ea leslJ y Clamouring la cheapness and competition , an ? urfIc ? the nation into that vortex from which zsiura will be impossible ; using the inventions of science , m ' oidediQ Revolt the condition and ameliorate the nrrsHs . 'a * c « ofman ^ ss the tyrant means of his desiruc-™ : bisakicg down the social barriers erected by the constitntiofl for the protection of the most defenceless "fd "frr-akest part of Use community' ( witness the anoent Poor I * w ) , and making them instrumental in the £ Sictjon of still greater evils than those they Tf ere stewed to JemorB ( Tritness the Nev Pe-oi Law ) . . " Praying for the corquest of trath over error—of Justice over Tyranny ,
" 1 remain ,-my Lord and Gentlemen , " Your most grateful S = rvnnt , fi " Kjchakb Oastlzb . " VVestSeld Grove , Headingley , Leeds , August 2 ith , JSii . "
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of an employment io pleasing , I console myself under the conviction that , having dona what I could , " it is my duty to change this field of occupation for one , though in many respects repugnant to my feelings , yet hopeful , because « -ridentiy directed by the hand divine . ; H tile Fltel Papers have been useful to any portion of my countrymen , I rejvrice . My object has been to set forth the excellency of those institutions whick were founded by ow pious ancestors , containing , as I believe they do , the means of happiness to all the peopleforming a political atmosphere suited to the health and prosperity of every class and order of society—proving to each hia dependence on the rest , and being calculated , as intended , to bind all up in union , love , and peace . "Whilst maintaining the rights and privileges of the Church , the Cr # wn , and the Nobles , I hope I have never neglected those , so essential to the security of evtry class—the rights and privileges of the poor .
How far I have accomplished the purpose at which I aimed I must leave to the jadgment of others ; conscious of many imperfections , confident only in the rectitude of my intention , and the ardency of auction which ever inspires my mind at the contemplation of that beautiful structure reared ^ y the wisdsm and piety of our forefather *—our glorious Constitution . Of -060685117 , many subjects entered upon In these Paper * , must be left incomplete . I have often been compelled to leave unfinished the consideration of interesting points to a future period , being pressed by passing events . There is now no hope that that opportunity will arrive . For the many imperfections that « e manifest In tteBe pages , I hope for forgiveness . Where I have offended , I hope for paidon . Keen feelings have sometimes been strongly expressed : — " To err , ia human—to forgive , divine . "
In bidding yon farewell , I implore the blessing of GOD on all my patrons . If he sbenld agaiu open a path for my public labours—if another series of the Flat Papers should appear , I shall renew say acquaintance with delight : bnt if not ; if this should be my last public 3 ddress , I would most solemnly urge my readers to ponder and mark well the ruinous efiects of every departure froM the land-marks of the constitution , whether by Whigs or Coiaervatives . And , being convinced that the present social system can only be upheld by & steady adherence to thB principles on which it is founded , 1 would beseech all who have an interest in national peace and prosperity to lay aside every party prt ^ udice and selfi&h feeling—to duconnteniu . ce , by every means , any attempt , by -whomsoever adopted , to depart from the " light of the constitution * ' and to study the best and surest means of a return to the adoption of these principles on 'w . hicb all our institutions are founded .
This is a subject interesting sHke to alL None can eventually gain by the deprivation of any . Insecurity mustTesnlt from injustice . The strongest party of today may be weakest to-morrow— retaliation must follow in the wake of itjury . The poor have been deprived , because they were weak . If their rights are not restored , as sure as God is just , the deprivation of the rich will follow . The Church must become the sttifi * , the fortress of the poor , or she is not Christ ' s Church . All must learn that mitres , and crowns , and coronets , are not mere dtszling ornaments , emblems of power—it mutt be acknowledged and proved by tbeir wearers , that ditties are imposed on their owners which , if neglected , will leave their possessors defenceless ia the coi&ias storm .
The Constitutional Crown of England can never be securely established on the unconstitutional basis of cenlrsl Z 3 ti 0 n—its only sure foundation ia that system -of * eir or parochial government which is the glory of the English Constitution , The Church sf England can ueTer prosper when she disgraces herself by becoming the tool of the government , and separates her interests from those of the poor , submitting to have the poor shut op in prisons , deprived of her care and pastursge , banished from their parish clergy and parish churches , treated like felons , because they are poor 1
Private property cannot leng be secure , where the rights of poverty are neglected ; nor can any nation prosper long , wbete industry , in order to encourage immense accumulations of wealth , is rewarded with penury—where thousands of cottages are dismantled to beautify and adorn one Villa ! Ner can a nation bope to maintain ita superiority , whose industrions sons and daughters are subjected to such toilsome tx&rtions as necessarify product- physical decay . These , my f ritnes , and such like baths as these , I have endeavoured to fix on your attention ; to impress on the public mind . They belong to no political party ; tbey appertain to the national well-bang . 1 $ is true we Dave not yet found any ilin ^ era disposed to contenance them : —accumulation , centralisation , competition are now the on- 'y watchwords with all partita ; and so the constitution and the people are left unheeded .
Let the clergy—let the aristocracy beware ! To warn them has been my object . How pften have I assured thtm that " tbey sail in the same boat with my poor factory children J" Surely tbey now begin to apprehend that truth- If xot , tbeir doom Is sealed . This is a most important epoch . The professors of the " enlightened lysttm of JJalthcs" begin to doubt . Tbey confess some error in their creed . The New Poor Law is no longer " a perfect measure . " Its original principles are discarded by its patrons ;—and , although the Government have refused a Ten Hour Factory Bill , they have entirely departed from the " liberal" prindples of non-interference , and have granted a F-ctory Act . in which tbb principle of " protection , " even to ocftsW * , is admitted . These and many other facts prove tbat • tie liberal and enlightened policy" which bad anpplanted the ancient principles of legislation is new confessed , even by its firmest friends , to be imperfect
This , then , is the moment for a bold stand-up fight for the truth—the ancient truth—the trath delivered to onr fathers 2 Let the clergy and the nobles take their slund in front of the poor , the industrious poor , the persecuted and trodden down poor , —demanding ja&ttce for each and for all . And may God defend the right , Thus , my friends , I bid you adieu , Richabd Oabtlbh .
Tfovtiopx Xnttlttsftk*.
tfovtiopx XnttlTtSftK * .
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FRANCE AND MOROCCO . The Journal des Dibats of Thursday , cont * in 9 the following summary of the treaty of peace between France and Morocco . The treaty itself , which has not yet been published in extenso , * r * s received by the French Government the day before : — ** The Government has received dispatchesTcoHtaining the terms of the treaty concluded with Morocco , The text of this treaty will be published . In the meantime , we hasten to apprize our readers of what we have learned . The most important clause is that which regards Abdel-Kader . The £ mir is outlawed . The Moor ? , oonseqncntly , undertake to pnrsue him , with arms in their hanae , througont their territory , nntil he shall have either been expelled the territory , or they shall have laid
hold , of his person . If the Emir fall into their hand 3 , they engage to confine him ia one of the towns shnate on the western coast of the empire , nntil the two Governments shall have come to an understanding to take measures to guarantee the tracquilitv of Algeria against bis attacks . This is the essential anicie of the treaty . Another article stipulates that an exemplary chastisement shall be irfl oted on the Moorish chiefs who have . violated the peace and invaded onr territory . The Emperor engages to preveati for the future , any assemblage of troop 3 on o « r frontier , and net to retain more than 2 , 000 men under the command of the Caid of Onchda , the nearest town
to our frontiers , and which we occupied after the battle of Isly . The frontiers are to be marked out as they were during the domination of the Turks in Algeria . This questien of frontier was , it may be recollected , the origin or the pretext for the attack of the Moors . The treaty acknowledges cur rightp , and decides in our favour . Fresh negotiations will take place for she purpose of completing and consolidating the ancient treaties which regulate our political and commercial relations with Morocoo . In the mean time these ancient treaties are maintained , and France will enjoy , in every respect , the earae privileges as the most favoured nation . ' *
. j FRANCE . I A Royal Ordonnance , dated the 18 th , is published in the Moniieur , by which his Majesty confers upen ; Marshal Bngeaud the title of Duke of Isly , and j another Royal Ordonnance of the same date , by > which the King , upon the report of the Minister of I the Marine , has promoted bis Royal Highness the Prince de Joinvilic to the rank of Vice-Admiral . In ; the great natioaal Alusuem at Versailles , two com-; partmenia , which are yet empty , but which M . I Horace Verne ; has been deputed to fill , have already ; inscribed over them the words " iBly , " Tangiers , " I M Mogadore . "
I The Courrier Francois Elates that there now [ building in the different French ports twenty-three , ships of the line , nineteen frigates , two brigs , three I schooners , and ten transports and store-ship 3 , bej sides rix steam frigates , of 450 aBd 550 horse ! power , eleven steam corvettes of 220 to 320 horse j power , and seven smaller steam ships of 80 to 160 I horse power . i The Pharamond steamer arrived at Marseilles on J the 17 th , from Algiers , which ehe left on the 15 'Al ' She brings BO dews of importenee respecting the ] army , or the movements of Abd-el-Kader . On the j Hih , a Te Deum , at which Marshal Bugeaud and f all the civil and military authorities were present , was performed at the principal church of Algierss for i the victory of Isly .
SPAIN . The Globo , ihe Ministerial organ , announces the < ieparture of additional troops for Navarre , and among ihem are the infantry regiment of Castile and the cavalry regiment of Santiago . "We do not believe ( adds that print ) that the Carlists are very formidable , -whether they prtsent themselves with or TTithoni arms ; but we fear their attempts will excite the pnbiic mind , and fortify other enemies ot cur insiitutioiis and public order . " " The sentinels placed on all the avenues of the principal streets ( says Clamor Publico ) have each by th ^ ja acoifcer soldier armed with , a bayonet and
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a musket , who quits them neither night nor day . The terror that has seized on our authorities is so great that the tranquility prevailing ia the capital cannot comfort them . "
SPAIN . The Appboachijtq Revolution . —The following important communications , dated Bayonne , Sept . 18 ih , we extract from the Morning Chronich . — The new revolution , which those who are discontented with the domination of Narva * z are setting on foot , is , I am enabled to inform you , beyond any donbt whatever , progressing quite as well as its best friends could desire ; and that progress has been made n « twithstanding the increased and unceasing efforts of the Government to arrest it The extiegaishers themselves have become infUmm&ble ; and the parties reliel on for snpport against an onslaught from the Progresaistas , have become either indifferent to , or disposed to aide
with , the latter . In their case , I should be slow to s .: y that their desire for change , bas been caused by any ardent affection for democratic principles ; but their self-love is wonnded in a high degree . So many proofs have been given since the fall of E ^ partero that the affairs of Spain are directed in the bureau of M . Gu Eot , and that the faction , of which Narva ? z is the itopersonation , exists only as long as they do tbe bidding of Louis Philippe , tbat the men of whom I epeak , and ¦ who still remember 1808 , 1814 , and 1823 , and the lessons in French civilizition which they or tbeir fathers thtn received , are at length convinced that Spain at this moment is nothing more nor less than a French colony .
However all that may be , the fact is certain that a revolution is at this- moment on foot , which , for violence , and , I fear , for sanguinary violence , will put to shame all tbe revolutions that have as yet taken place in Spain . It is not merely the fall of one paity and the elevation of another on its ruins , that has bo much embittered [ the minds of the defeated ; but it is the treachery practised towards them when they were acting in good faith , though mistaken—the being duped by such scum of the earth as GoDziles Bravo , Prim , fee- —it is the insulting triumph displayed as soon as
the "work was done that has made the demon himself enter into tbeir souls ; and it is tbe mean , low , and unrelenting persecution to which they have been subjected , and to which they are still subjected , tbat has raised tbe fury of the vanqiuhed to madnesB , and that niakes them pant for the moment when their thirbt of vengeance i > hatl be slaked . There is a vast and accumulating amount of retributien due , and when the day cornea , and come it soon will , for payment , then , indeed , - will be publiBbed to the world a fearful commeistaTy on the old text , " va viclis . "
I Kno-w two or three of the principal leaders of tbe present movement , and I am well acquainted , besides , with their past suffering * . I remember the period , not ruany months back , when these men were obliged to conceal themselves in caves , - with their wives and children , and , in the depth of winter , to escape being dragged out and shot , under the accusation of having bzen spectators of the murder * t Eatella . orany other such person , many years past , but from the real motive that they had bem leai ' . wa of tbe Lioorol party . These individuals Temember their wrongs thereby , and they are
dttermined , relentless , and ferocious ; and ( uuder such circumstances ) unfortunately possess much ii-fluenco ¦ with the present revolutionary party . If tbey havo a chance of success , b ! ood , and in torrents , -will be shed . They say . " for fifty years , and more , there never has been a . plot formed against the liberties and independence of Spain tbat France has not been at the bottom of it ; their o-wn bloodj revolution of ' 93 has tlURLt U 8 how to crash tbe enemies of oar independence . Let UB improve on the lesson she herself gives us , and annihilate every Afranctsaado . " And in the term " Afrancessado" are included tbe Moderadoa .
Sncb are the scenes which are in rehearsal io Spain , and which Will be enacted before long . Tbe approaching announcement , if nothing occur of an extraoidinary nature to prevent its taking place , will be amongst tbe military . In Brngoa and Vatodolid everything is in a state of preparation . In tbe former place , four officers of the provincials of Orense have bten removed from their corps , and sent to a depot for seme raspieions entertained against them . The attention of tbe Captain-General bas been also directed by the government to tbe provincials of Soria ; but he baa not aa yet dared to take measures against any individuals belonging to the corps . In the province of S . intunder matters are so far advanced tbat I should not be surprised if that was one of the points selected for the first , outbreak- Generally f peat ing , it ia aiuongst thfe provincial corps tbat tbe greatest progress hau been as yet made .
It ? tbe Basque provinces , the exertions of the very active , and , as far as the unfortunate Captain-General Amer is concerned , invisible and impalpable agtins have not been without success . A complete reconciliation bas taken place between the Esparttmtas and tbe . Progressist-is , who joined the movement against the Regent in June last year . I believe the reconciliation to be sincere , at leiat for the present , and there is every reason to hope that the latter tcill not again so easily allow themselves to be deceived as tbey were before . At ail events tbey are now polling together , and tbat most actively at the present moment , for the destruction of the common enemy .
The Government is in a moBt pitiable condition at the present moment . The party on which tbey depended for support is divided amongst itself , and the fiercest opponents to its future measures "will be the " Yuuog Moder&doa , ' aa tbey term themselves . They are menaced -with a Carlist insurrection in Navarre , where that party has exhibited its strength , which was supposed to bave been long since exhausted , in a formidable manner during the elections . They are so openly manifesting tbeir intentions and their hopes , that it is found necessary to increase tbe
military force of the ancient vice-royalty by not less than six battalions of infantry and three rquadrons of cavalry—3 , 000 foot and 300 horse , at least The feelings of the Foral deputation , a body restored by the Government , we -well remeMber on tbe same subject ; an-i it is no mystery that the Captain-G « Deral of the B ** que provinces sympathises with the deputation , and the War Minister , with all his dragooning propensities , is afraid to remove him . Of the six battal-ons , intendtd to iccrease the force of Navarre , there ate two tbat have been gained over , and are ready to pronounce , but not , as yon will belitve , for the Carlist cause .
Tbe third battalion of the Valencia Kegiment , which arrived fioio Saragows , iB stationed in the small villages along the Navairese frontier . Geod < it could not be better placed . Pita P . airro , formerly Finance Minister In Spain , died the dsy before yesterday in San Sebastian , where he bad been for some time fcr the purpose of seabathing . I cannot close this letter without mentioning a piece of intelligence which has this moment reached me , without , however , my being able , as yet , to vouch for its truth . I am assured that it is tbe intention of tbe Spanish Government to form a Council of Regency at Madrid , under tbe pretence tbat tbe state of the young Queen ' s health utterly precludes her from taking the part she should in state tffiirs ; and that was one of the motives why Martini z de Ja R ^ sa was recaled from Paris . I believe it ia the fact that her Majestj ' s hca ! th is really in a deplorable state—so much so , as to leave little bopa of a final recovery .
If such a plan be really in contemplation , you will no doubt hear ef It from a quarter nearer to the scene of these intrigues than Bayonne . The Correspondent of the Times confirms the above nearly word for word , and adds the following : — A firm compact and union have been tfiiacted between the party called the Ayacuchos aud tbe Progresistas , who turned against Espartero lwit year . A wealthy Spanish capitalist who has been living in the neighbourhood , fur some months past , and who , from political reasons , was obliged to quit Spain , is suppling tbe funds for present purposes . The txertions of the agents who are dispersed everywhere throughout the north of Spain would seem to be attended with success . And it is not to the Basque provinces and Navarre alone that
tbeir good fortune is confined . In several of the principal towns of Old Castile they have met with much encouragement . Burgos is particularly mentioned , and it is either there or in Santaader tbat , in all probability , the outbreak will take place . In tbe . Regiment of of Ortuse several officers have been removed on account of their supposed adherence to a new order of things ; and the Provincial Regiment of Soria made the object of particular attention , Toe troops tbat had bten . stationed along the , frontier of Navarre bave Dtcn relieved by the Rsglraenfc of Valencia , lately arrived from S ^ ragossa , and in which it is supposed greater confidence can be placed . One thing is certain , that the spirit of discontent in th 6 army is increasing rapidly , and will , I have good reason te believe , explode before long .
PORTUGAL . The municipal elections which are abont to take place are considered indicative of the strength of parties ; and their result as the criterion of ministerial security or instability . The usual strategy to defraud tho people of one of the most valuable of their privileges has been put in practice by the minister Cabral , and his hopeful brother the civil governor of Lisbon . This strategy consists ia disfranchising the Liberal electors , and swelling the listsof voters with the names of supporters of government , by raising frivolous and vexatious objections to the votes of the former , and taking an opposite course with respect to the votes of the supporters 0 * government . The result of the present elections cannot fail to be favourable to ministers , and thus the farcical supposition of the existence of the privilege of freedom and fairness of election , and of a representative system of government , will be sustained a little longer .
In the meantime every individual who contributed to the restoration of the monarchy in his line has been placed in opposition Io her ^ Majesty ' s government . The principal oppouents of the present ministry who are fortunate enough not to be in gaols or fortresses , in exile in Africa , or under prosecution in the monster process now in preparation , are the following : — The Duke er Palmella , Silva Carvalho , Rodrigo Fonseca MagalhacB , Mousinho , d'Aibuquerque , George Loureiro , J . Antouio do Magalbaes , J , Antonio de Aguiar , ilousinho de Silveira , Conde de Lavradio , &e . Tlicse men , eminent for their pervices to Don Pedro , aud strenuous supporters of his charter , therefore of the avowed principles of Chartism which
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the present mmiBtry ostensibly adheres to , are thus placed in opposition and alienated from the court , ine consequences of this position in which suuh men are placed cannot but prove exceedingly inconvenient , ana may prore disastrous to the interests of their Sovereign . The violacion of the constitution , with respect to the transference of the judges , and the interference with their independence , has been defended by the organs ot the government en the grounds of the urgency or the necessity , inasmuch as some of the judges were implicated in tho late revolt , a&d the trials of others charged with the same offence would rSdeV 0 M the tribuBaIs&o < H- i Whichthey The monster trials , however , will not como on for months , and the legislative ehambora open in a few I ' tx . y not nav « kft the making of the new law and the revocation of the former laws to the Ciorws I :
One of those sudden and terrible falls of rain wnicn make Portngal at times resemble the tropics , occurred on the 3 rd jnsfc . in the Douro district . A cloud opened over Pelagao , and a torrent of water came down in a rush all abreast , not like rain , but a waterspout . Gardens , fields , and vineyards , were inBtantaneonsly ewept away . The river of Povoa was swollen at once to such a height that five masons Who were constructing a wall on its banks were hurried to eternity in the same instant . Their bodies were swept away with the speed of a whirlwind , and only two have beon since discovered . The bridge of Povoa and all the neighbouring walls and boundaries were merged in a common destruction . Other lives were lost in different localities , but the sphere of the disaster was Fortunately limited .
The Aaores now rival Madeira and the north of Portugal in the eagerness with which the miserable inhabitants emigrate to Brtzil , and there sell themselves into substantial slavery for a term of years , bringing with them no money nor means of subsistence . St . Michael ' s is especially notable for this gloomiest of self-transportations , but not more to than the northern provinces of Portugal . Thus it is in the best wino and truit districts that the greatest misery prevails . In Madeira , tho finest wines are unsaleable at two or throe dollars the barrel . To this outcry of nature for a reduced tariff with England is added , much insecurity of life and property through the Douro district , where highway robbers now prowl in great numbers . A gang of twenty-four lately attacked soveral properties near Oporto , and only . one of the number was arrested .
ITALY . Proposed Italian Customs' Union . — " Our Florence correspondent , " saya the Revue de Paris , " has transmuted to us some details respecting the visit cf the Emperor of Austria to Trieste , which are not without importance . * The Grand Duke of Tuscany , ' he writes , l is preparing to leave for Trieste , where he is to meet the Eiriperor of Austria , who has repaired to that city , with sozco members of his family , and Prince Metternich , for ihe purpose of sea-bathing . It is said that the two Sovereigns will thence proceed to Milan , to be present at the sittings of tho Scientific Congress . ' and impart by their presence an additional importance to that national solemnity . The journey ot the Grand
Duke may , however , be connected with a project of which Austria is secretly pursuing the executionthe establishment of an Italian Customs' Union . Report states that a proposition to that c-ffccc is to be made at the Congress of Milan . By the possession of the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom , Austria is , after Naples , the first power in Italy , and would consequently derive tbe principal advantages from the treaty . ' But an Italian Customs' Union , comprising Lombardy , should necessarily assume a greater extension , and become an Austro-Italian Union , the effeot of which would be to draw closer the ties already existing between Italy and Austria . Some Italian ? , seduced by everything calculated to tffect a union between the different parts of their country , most anxiously desire the conclusion of the
Austrian project ; but those who see farthest into futurity reject ,- as an obstacle to a confederation of Italy , an arrangement of which the cabinet of Vienna has taken the initiative . Tho Sovereigns of Tuscany , Modena , Parma , and Lucca will , no doubt yield , on account of their family connections ; Rome can havo no other will than that of Austria ; and Sardinia would find an ad-vantage ia a treaty that would restore the trade of Genoa . Naples alone , with her separate interests and her prohibitive system , refuses to join in tho negotiation . The contingency of an obstinate refusal on the part of King Ferdinand is anticipated ; the kingdom of tho Two Sicilies would , in that case , be excluded from the league . The question now ia , will the powors per mit a measure which would definitely place Italy under the donrnion of Austria . "
SOUTH AMERICA . Important from Monte Video . —Liverpool , Friday Evening . —The following very important intelligence , being part of a letter to a commercial house here , was posted in the room ? of the'Underwriters' Association this afternoon : — " Bahia , July SO . —The latest dates from Rio are to tho 17 th iust . ; the packet bad been detained in consequence of a new treaty , the ratification of which is tu be sent on by her . It is also reported that Msate Video is again to be a province of the Brazils , she having solicited the protection of the * mpire , under the guarantee of Great Britain and France . It is evident that there are preparations made for sending troops to the River Plate . "
NEW SOUTH WALES . Moke Trouble . Meetings are being held throughout the coiony to protest and petition against the arbitrary power assumed by the Colonial Executive . A storm is evidently browing , and it will require all the discretion of our precious aristocratic rulers to quell the hurricane which is too surely coming . Hear how tho Colonial Observer , of May flh last , a Sydney paper , dibcourseth oil tho present and the future of New South Wales : — In the face ot all the representation * of his present Excellency and bis myrmidons to the contrary , we beg to auture ruy Lord Stanley that there is uo Colony under the British Grown whose inhabitants of all classes are more strongly attached to that Crown and
Government than those of New South Wales ; and if his Lordship will only do us common justice by allowing as to manage out own Colonial nfiVirs through oar own representatives—leaving the great interests of the empire to tbe overshadowing influence and controul of the Imperial Parliament—every British bayonet might be withdrawn from this territory wit tin a twelvemonth , and tbe connection of the Colony with the much-loved land of oar fathers would , notwithstanding , remain unimpaired and unbroken far centuries to come . But if we are to be governed much linger on the principles tbat now regulate the machinery of our anomalous Government—with a Colenial Legislature possessing tho mere shadow of liberty and independence , overridden on tbe oae hand by Acta of Parliament interfering at
every step with the expenditure of its ordinary revenue , and by an Executive on tba other t&xing the Colony and expanding the produce of auch taxation at its pleasure—we bf g to inform his Lordship that four regiments of the line may be mucb . too f « w to keep this Colony in order , and a regular standing army for Australia , as well as for Ireland , may probably be require . 1 . For otherwise the first symptoms of insurrection at borne—and such a consummation is surely mucb within tbe verge of possibility at present—wilt aiBuredly be followed by corresponding demonstrations here , acd a Congress of the United Colonies of Australia will start into sudden existence to pledge every man within the Australian Territories for the achievement' of tbeir entire freedom and
independence . The grievance of which the American Colonists had to complain in the arbitrary imposition of a stamp duty and a duty on tea without the concurrence or consent of tbeir local legislatures , was but a i rifle in the amount of pecuniary burden which it implied compared with tbe actual amount of the proceeds of arbitrary taxation here ; the obnoxious principle in both cases was precisely the same , the taxing of British Colonist * without tbeir consent . And are these either the times or tbe places" for her Majesty's Government to give occasion for such feelings of disaffection in ( be most loyal and devoted of all ter Majesty ' Colonies ? If tbe ancient Lords of tbe Isles of Scotland could
laugh at the threats even of royal vengeance for their feudal irregularities , exclaiming contemptuously in their native Gaelic , " It is a far cry to Lochow ; ' it would surely be inexpedient ,, to say the least of it , to give tbe Colonists of these Territories tbe slightest occasion for exclaiming in a similar spirit and with similar determination , " It is a far cry to Now Holland j" At present , we repeat it , and we do so with sincere pleasure as well aa with entire confidence of its truth , there is not a more loyal and well-affected Colony in the Empire than New South Wales : how long it may continue to be so , however , under the continuance of the system of Government we are now tried with , this deponent sayeth not .
But besides the grand grievance o / being laxtd without our consent , and having tbe proceeds of such taxation expended by an irresponsible authority—a grievance of which , as British freemen , v ? e do well to complain on constitutional grounds—there is another prodigious grievance in the case , ot a more practical bearing , arising ftom tbe arbitrary manner in which tho Crown Lands are managed by the Executive Government , and the precarious tenure on which they are held by the squatter . No man in hia senses , as is well observed by the petitioners , " weuld in vest his capital in permanent improvements , whether of buildings , enclosures , or cultivation , upon land from which , at the end of tbe year , ot indeed at any moment , he might be ejected
without notice or compensation . " Those great Squatters of antiquity , Abraham , Ieaac , and Jacob , had no such precari « us tenure of the sheep and cattle stations they formed even within the boun * aries of the seven nations of ancient Canaan . They built altars and tbey dug wellfi—and both of these , especially the latter , were permanent improvements—in the land of their sojourning . ' But where ia there a squatter in New South Wales who could venture to build an altar , or , in other words , to erect a place of Christian worship , or to dig a well beyond the boundaries of location in this colony ; although the soil and climate are precisely tbe same with those of the country in which , these ancient patriarchs fed their flocks ? In short , under tho
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wretshed system of Government to which tbb noble country ia subjected . Government doss not appear to subsist for the advancement of civilisation—of good morals and tmdefiled religion } bat for the very reverse of all this . It does not appear to subsist for the praise and protection , but for the Oppression and discouragement , of them that do well . \ Now that a new Goveniorjfbr tfeis colony Is overdue , we would impress it upon the minds of all who are interested in the welfare of tbe colony at home that it is a thoroughly bad system to seDd military men to govern such colonies as this ait atl . The education and previous training of such men—thtir education in the tubi ' . a of implicit obedience , ; and tbeir training in the exeroise , of a power tbat demands implicit submission —totally unfit them for such a situation , for dealing not with soldiers nor with enemies , but with freemen ; men
who know their rights and are determined to have them . By tbe way we have just heard from unquestionable authority , that L ? rd Stun'ey very rewntly informed a gentleman intimately connected with this colony , Trtio is now in England , that " Sir G « orse G > pps had recommended tbat the wings of the squatters should be clipped , as they were becoming too considerable a body , and the squatting system operated injuriously on the land Bales . " The squatters were " enemies , " of course , jaguinsfe whom bis Excellency ' s company were merejy waiting for orders to march ; or rather , tbey were freemen who would not buy his commodity at the extortion-price at which it had been invoiced by the great firm of Stanley and Co ., and therefore tbey wjei-e to be forced to do so ft el armis ; the New Squatting Regulations being the declaration of war . j Good 1—Very good !
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UNITED STATES—THE AGRARIAN MOVEMENT . We have tpceived several icopies of the Now York People ' s Rights ; and Working Man ' s Advocate from which we see that meetings '{ continue to be holUen in New York in support : of the objects of the National Reform Association . In one number of tbe Advocate we notice a proposition to settle oue or more towu-Btaips on tbe pub ic lands next spring , on the Agrarian plan , in anticipation of tbe passing of an Agrarian 2 : W . " Place , " says the editor , " two hundred families on a township of six miles fquare , allowing no speculator amoug them , and [ they would sooa be in a courtition to render substantial aid both by their votes and u fluenee to the Agrarian cause . " This is the w . y to go to werk : let preachii g and practice march hsndiu-hand . and success must result .
Soveral articles ff < m tne Northern Star are quoted , iijclu . liDg one on " Toe Durham Autocrat , " wbiua appeared in this paper B . » me weeks since . After quoting moat of our article , the editor of the Peoples Eights says : — ; Imagine the Durham Coal King to be a Massachusetts CoUon Lurd , and tbe coiiiers contending for more just regulations to be " operative ^ " claiming the privilege of labouring only ten instead of twelve or fifteen hours a day , and yuu need not travel far into the regions of fancy to fill up the picture . The fact has been stated ,
more than once , without contradiction , that the Cotton Lords are , even now , sending to Canada and to England for men to take the places of those who claim the unrighteous privilege , that they , their wives , and their children shall be exempted from more than ten boura ' daily service in the mills ! \ Well may the Northern ¦ War call upon us to " root out tbe oligarchy of the eoii , " ¦» hich enables a few lpidly aristocrats , here aa well as in England , to propogate human beings on their own prfeiuises , and to ace their labour less sparingly than a farmer does tbat of bis cattle .
Cimmentrafironan atiqrma from Mr . Owen , extracted from the New Moral World , tbe Editor ot the People ' s Riijhts eays : — \ The extremes of wealth and misery of which Mr . O . complains , and which , apparently , have attained tbeir utmost limits , bave sprung from the monopo ' y of ihe soil ; could not have existed without it ; would necessarily cease with its abolishment . The equal possession of the soil would banish the fear of waut which now afflicts the many , and avaricious competition would be un . known . Meq would look upon each other as brothers , and not as beauts of prey , and tho reign of peace on earth would bv nometbiog more tfa in a dream . When the people of England see thac tbey have an equal
right to tbe use of tbe soil upon which tbey were born , they will " arise in their might '" and take possession of thoir property . When the people of the Uqited S ' . ates see tbat the monopoly of the Soil is the sole barrier to their individual as well as national prosperity and feappui 6 S £ , tbey will simply go to the billot boxes and say so . Tbe remedy will be applied : the soil will be free . The means of education will then be possessed by a'l , and all will be on tbo high road to happiness . Let , then , no billot blip out of your fingers tbat is not pledged to tbe abolishment of land monopoly ! As well might you draw bo much blooS out of your children's veins , as so vote for any tfcing less than their equal right , at least , to tbe soil not yet appropriated as private property . j
The following are extracts from the Peoples Rights and Working Man ' s Advocate :- ? - The Rhode Island Question . —In tbe Rhode Island controversy , which now agitates no inconsiderable portion of the people , it is made a question , whether a majority of tbe pe « p ; e voted for the establishment of tbe Dorr Constitution , r . nti considerable stress ia laid , by Governor DorrVfriends , uppa the fact that the constitution was supported by a iniaj jrity . According to our view , this is a point of a little moment . Tbe important points ore , first , whether by theokt constitution every man in the State enjoyed equal rights with every other man ; and , if not , tben , secondly , whether those who held power nndei the constitution wore
willing to txU-nd the same rights to all tbat they possessed themselves . ] Now , we believe it is not disputed that the old constitution denied tbe rfcht of suffrage to all who were not possessed of a certain quantity of land ; and it is undisputed also , that tbose who enjoyed the right of suffrage under the constitution were unwilling to extend the rights to those not possessed af land . Under these circumstances , we contend , tttnt tbose who were deprived of their vote had a perfect right to organize a new government , securing equal rigbta to all , and to maintain it in any manner tbey might think proper ; and tbat the United States were bound in duty to " guarantee" that government , whether established by a minority or a majority . ]
The tJojted States are bound . . by tBe Constitution to guarantee to each state a Republican form of government ; and & Republican form of government , taking tbe Declaration of Independence for a definition , means a government in which every man enjoys equal rights for it declares emphatically that ; " ail men are oreattd equal . " \ If the people of a state are all in possession of equ ?] rights , then , of course tbe majority may rule in accordance with those rights ; but , bo long as a pirt of tbe people are deprived of their equal rights , they are not bound by the acts of tbe existing government , and may establish a government for themselves , i
To make our meaning so plain that we cannot be misunderstood , we will suppoas Mr . Dorr At Hbtrty and his party in power ; then , tbat tbey proceed to found a new constitution , which extends a right , say the right of suffrage , to nine-tenths of the people , still leaving one-teuth without ithat right . What we contend for is , that that one-tenth would , if refused justice , have tbe right of revolution , and tbat it would be their duty to revolt whenever they should think they had a reasouablo prospect of success . We have always held the opinion that this was a principle , truo in itself , and established as orthodox in this country by the revolution of ' seventy-six ; but tbe manner in which the causa ef Equal R gbts is defended by some in tbe Rhode Island ca * e , leads us to believe there are oceptics to this doctrine , a doctrine which we consider as tba foundation of a Free Government .
The Land-Lords of Rhode Island not only contend for the power of a majority to withhold rights from tbe minority ! but they deny the right even of a majority to alter the power of government unless by the . consent of a minority . ' Did tbeir oppression extend to rights affecting to their own « eil ' a us alone ; for instance , did they appropriate to themselves the whole soil of the state , and deny their landless their ' inalienable right" to an equivalent portionj we of another state should , perhaps , have no tisht to interfere , except in
the way of a free expression of opinion ; but when tbey deny to an ; citizen the rigbt of suffrage , tbat ia a matter which affects the lights anii interests of every citizen of tbe Union , and becomes tbo duty of every one to use all honourable means fco aid bis oppressed fellow-citizsns to establish their ; lights ; and nothing short of the recognition of the equal rigbt of every citizen of Rhode Island to hold- office and to vote for public officers , and the liberation of those who have manfully endeavoured to establish that right , can quiet the agitation . i
Our friends at Rhode Island have asked what action is expected of them ? We may not bave information enough to give au opinion ; but it seems to us tbeir duty is plain ; first , to use all censtitutional means , and afterwards , if they fail , any other mtans they think proper , to liberate Dorr . secondly , to act , as well as they can , under the People's Constitution , paying no respect , unless forced , to any other authority . If they can elect Members of Congrees , under the rightful constitution , BO much the better ; bat , in any ease , it seems to us , Congress , sooner , or later , [ most guarantee tbat constitution to the people . j Dorr must be liberated , and the ptople of Rhode Island mast bave the light of suffrage . These events we consider as certain as if tbey had taken place ; and if tbe first should , contrary to present expectation ? , be found impracticable by cpnstituiional means , we would rather Mr . Fenner should be Acting Governor of Rhode Island than tbe writer , after that fact is public
Presidents akd Poor People .---The Washington Correspondent of the B-siticiore Clipper cays : — " The President has not yet r ^ turne 4 from hia excursion to Old Point Comfort , jwltere ho has batm enjoying the Bea-bietais with his young bnAe . In anticipation of hw retirement , Mr . Tjl r has built himself a very elegant bouse at hia Virginia plantation , on the plan of an English villai under tke guperintendence of tbaj very tasteful and ingenious architect , Mr . John Skirving , of Philadelphia . Mr . Skirving ' s EogliBh cottage on Capitol Hill , i ? one of the neatest specimens of rustic architecture Ijbave ever aten . His portfolio is enriched with aome beautiful designs . "
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" It 5 a a Vary p ! ea « nt thins to be coartinjj rich heir-( Biesi , getting married , keeping honey -moons , building bouses at your plantations on the plan of English \ ilUa , and so on , while yon have Uacle Sam for plymaster at seventy dotla-s a day . Bat it is not so pleasant to be born and brought up a native of soms oth . ee man ' s garret or cellar , ia a crowded city , dependant on others for the right to earn your living by working from ten to fifteen hours a day , and without a cbanca of ever getting possession of ground enough for a potato patch , amen le-s a " cottage , " English villa , " or - " plantation " No wonder John Tyler could noft 2 nd time to answer the question of tbe Central Committee , whether he was willing to allow the landless poor man ground for bis own log but ! The silence of Messrs . Clay and Polk are rather less intelligible : th « presumption , however , is , that noltker « f them suffers very severely for want of house room or pays a high rent . -
To Native American Working xien . —Toe NatWe American ptipei of thig city is now advocating an alteration of the Constitution of this Sc&Se , to prohibit nzlurqlized foreigners from the right of voting till they have been in the country twenty-one years . If taia measure were carried , all that tbe nri . ° to .: racy would have to do preparatory to an election would be to discharge from employment , and force to other parts , as many native working men aa wetre likely to mako up the majority against them , employing foreigners in their place ! A large manufacturer in any country town might say to his workmen , ( in that peculiar language in wkioh such things are said ) , " vote my ticket , or I will import foreigners So fill your places ! Is there- a native working man in the land th . tt caunot f te the situation in which such a la v would place him ?
Is not the landless nat ' va enough in the power of the capitalist already ? Must he still be farther degraded ? Shall a large maaufacturing capitalist c < T , tr <) l the vote of a country by means of bis white slices ? If it is to come to this , why not propose the English rotten borough system at once ? No , gentlemen ! If you really apprehend danger from foreigners , show tbat yon are not playing into thd hands of the aristocracy , by advocating tbe prohibition of foreigners from tbe country . You have no right to import , slaves , as foreigners would be undor your plan , to all intents and purposes . If the Native American really bas th » trood of the country at heart , let it advocate thJ following measures : — 1 . No foreigner , unless a resident oi' . Z n , to hold a foot of land in the Republic .
2—No foreigner to be allowed to remain in the country more than one year without taking tbe oath of allegiance and ths necessary steps to become a cit z- n , unless by special permit from the authorities . 3—D . scourage all associations of foreigners as foreigners af er they become cifzens , ar . d all politicil appeals or favours to them as a distinct class , and know them only as American citizens . 4—Allow no foreigner , after he becomes a citizen , to bave possession , under any circumstances , of mora than 160-acres of land in the country . If the Native American paper will turn ^ its attention to the measures here proposed , cease its nonsensical and aristocratic proposition to introduce a new order of serfs , and advocate the right of erery c : t'Z ? n to a home on tbe soil , we think it will be far better employed than at present .
Texas—We have heretofore held" our peace in regard to the annexation of Texas , for the purpose of seeing whether our nation -would attempt bo base an action . We call it base , because it would be giving men that live upon the blood of others , an opportunity of dipping their hands still deeper in the sin of slavery . What do we want of Texas ? We bave more land novr than could be settled for centuries providing tbere was three times the increase and emigration that there has been for thd last ten years . It is not for the purpose of benentting our country or its inhabitants , but it is tbe device of men that are void of all feelii g either for their country or its cit z ^ na . They come to the conclusion that tbere is not room enough in our southern territory to . carry on their work of sin and destruction , and therefote they are endeavouring to get that land of Nod , that rendezvous for out-casts , murderers , thieves , and runaway slave-holders , in addition to the south , for the
purpose of getting more slave states and having nore room to accomplish their deeds of death and tyranny . Have wo not elavea enough now ? Are not two thirds of Out population in abject slavery ? In tbe soutfi we heai tbe clanking chains and h-mrt-retr-ling pleadings of tb . 9 sons of Africa , that tbey may havo freedom—while in the north the voice af our labouring cbsses ascends up to heaven in eirnist prayer , tbat they too may be free from the galling yoke of aristocratic power . What a picture our country presents—then why add more of this corrupting evil to the already heart-sli kming fact of slavery and bondage until there has been more strenuous measures taken to make liberty the free enjoyment of all . There is a storm approaching from which we must Geek a shelter or we shall be swept away before it ; the black cloud of ru ^ n hangs over our beads , but may God in his infinite mercy protect us from its bursting rage . —Manchester ( US . ) Observer .
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THE FACTORY " KING" TS RETIREMENT . The following correspondence will explain to the -working people Mr . 0 a 3 iler * s present position . It Tnll be foand that for the present he has retired into prirate lifa , where he is employing bis remaining enerffles in Beeping to secure a livelihood for himself and family , and , if possible , something for those he jnay hare to leave behind when his raee on esrth i 3 completed . Tiie reasons for this coarse are fully explained below : — After my release from ths Qaeen ' s Prison , I plsced myftlf nsder the direction of those kind friends wha had bee-B instmment-il in obtaining my discharge . Tae following letter from the London Committee at onoe settled the ^ nestion aa to my future labours , v ' t , "whether they ahonld be public or privite . —B . O . " London , British CoSee Home , Cockspur- « treet Jane 26 , 18 J 4 .
"To Me . Bichabd Oastieb . « Deas Sik , —We ¦ who constitute the committee formed in London for the purpose of raising & fund to be applied for yonr inunediate ienefit , as ¦ well sa lor joax ftivure tnpport , Teel it to be inenmbtnt upon us to address yon on this subject "We have most cordially joined in endeavouring to effect onr object , tiedTise ire know tbit yonr exertions bave ever been ardently and disinterestedly directed towards upholding those principles wiich , in our estimation , are calculated to Sicare the jnst rights of ths » bole comnmnity--fTe are convinced that the extent to which you have devoted yonr labonr to the cause of the public -welfare has necessitated on your part a great sacrifice of property , as "weil as induced yon to forego opportunities
of improving your private interesta . We had eneocsged i tope that in appeal to the public on jour bebehalf would have been promptly and generously responded to , -especially as in yonr advocacy of general rights , yon have , on all occasions , firmly , consistently , sad most emphatically insisted on & recognition and observance of those ancient constitutional laws by which tbe rights of the most defenceless and weakest p * rt of tite commnnity are alone preservtd . Oar hopes , however , have been disappointed ; and vre think that -we xsay attribute onr failure to the nnliappy prevalence in this country , at tins period , of s state of feeling by ¦ wnicfc ifcs principle * you have so strongly advocated lisve been rrjected from the public councils , snd erased irom tbe national laws .
" Bat , notwithstanding these unfavourable circumstances , ¥ e entertain sanguine hopes that tbe po-VM-fnl section of tee commnnity by whose icfiaence tha irgestice fcis been committed , "will , ere long , discern the false character of the principles they bave imbibed , and Ihe tiro ^ eCM COOMB which they hsve been rodnced to adopt ; i £ d whenever thB happy change shall be con-ETsmtniltd , tbe great £ xerlions yon have made for U ; e ¦ welfare of year country , and the important service yon have rendered to it , Trill be acknowledged and duly avBiBosied .
" In ' . he meacthae there ia a pressing and important dnty -which you owe to yourself and yonr family . Between the pursuit of a puMic and a private course ol life iiO choice is now left to you . Tour txertionB mm ' , necessarily be dirscted , henceforth , to the object of procarins 3 livelihood . We dtaire to express to yon oar admiration of the zsal , consistency , and great Salent you bave evinced in yonr advocacy of the cause of public honour and the trne prosperity of the country , and -Kb hope that the same Divine Power "which ha * jiSaenced yoa to maintain boldly e- ? erj jnst and sicred law , may now award to y # ur private txertions every adranfcige and happiness that may be . desired for yenrself and for yosr family . " With great regard , "we Temiian , ?• lHar Sir , mort tnriy yours , { " Signed on behalf ol the Committee , ^ in the abssEcs of Lord F £ V £ bshah , J » the Chairman , ) j " W 3 L Usderwood , Tice-Chairman . "
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| ft Bow only remain * that 1 shenld address a few -words 10 those - » Lo hive hocoarfed the Fleet Papers "Wittl ttfir patronage ^ -R . O . TO-THi : BEADEES OF THE FLEET PaFEHS . ¦ Mi Peiesds , —Were I to close these Paper * -witti-?* expressing regret , I should depart from the coarse 1 Te isvariibly aSopted—endeavouring to impart jej ^ - ^ ' feelings to my readers . ames my rdeasa from the Qaeeu ' a Prison I have -of' 1 v ' OBIed * ° * s ** sngfcmeiita for the continuance ^^ s , or the e * tabliihment of another , -weekly com-^ nmeaiinn ^^ ^ pa ^ Hitherto I have fceen nn-~ ™— l- " Necessity haa no law" ; and so , vritbont jjjjr ^ sriag , bnt not -without regret , I isu * t break a ^ . tctien endeared to me by many pleasing recoli ? iy ho orders all thing * lor the test iaB e-ridentlj , we PKseat , Bhut np my path . My duty ia rtiignaw w W * ¦» & , Though pajaea 6 $ th , e reI . " u ; sli » eBt
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Death from Fighting—On Sunday morning , a little , before eight o ' clock , a man named George Benson , a labourer , twenty-two yeira of age , v ? as killed in s fight which took plaes by appointment , between ftint and » man named Henry Jonaa , at ; ed 21 , also a labearer , at a place mncb used for similar encounters on a Sunday morning , situate on the east side of tbe Kensington , canal . Tbe spot is a hollow screened from ob * serv ition of the neighbouring houses by batiks of earth . Jones stated , on being taken into cuitody by the police , tbat on tbe previous night be and deceased , with others , were at tbo Wellesley Arms public-house * Robert-street , Chelsea , when a dispute arose concern * ing somo work upon which they were all engaged , in tbe course of which he aud deceased came to blows .
After having two or three rounds they were parted ; and tbey then agreed to meet in the morning near the Canal-basin , to decide which was the better man . They met accordingly , and fought for about a quarter of an hour , during which three or four knock-down blows were given . It was stated that a man named Hele was second to Jones , and a brother of the deceased seconded him , and that in the laat round Jones struck deceased a violent blow uuder tbe left ear , wben deceased fell to the ground partly on hia head . He was immediately lifted up , and placed on his second ' s knee , When ha said , " I shall bave no more of it ; I am done for , " and instantly fell down dead . Jones aud bis second , and tbe deceased ' s second , with two other perssns who were present aidiusj and abetting at tbe fight , are ia eustody of the police . Jones is represented 'to baTO been by two stones heavier tban the deceased .
Fatal Explosion . —On the afternoon of Thursday last , the inhabitants of the quiet village of Sedgwick , ' near Kendal , were thrown into a state of excitement by the explosion of the powder-mills of Mr . J . VVakefield , of ihat place , which wo regret to say wa- attended with the loss of the lite of one man , who was nearly shattered to pieces . The unfortunate individual who met this untimely end ( a man oftheuapie of WiUiam Siewardson , who waseraployed in the mills ) has left a wife and six children to lament their loss . We are happy to state that the charitable in the neighbourhood have subsor . bed handsomely towards the maintenance of the ;» ffl cted family . An inquest was held on the following day .. Tuo following evidence was given : —
Richard Jataes , sawyer , said , I knew the deceased , a mill keeper at the powder mills , at Sedgwiok , wha was yesterday employed in attending to the mills , at BassingilL About haif-paat three o ' clock yesterday , two of the mills at Bassingill were blown up . Tha mills were completely destroyed . On enter . ng tho mill nearest- ine south-east , I found deceased lying on the led-plate , with his face downward , and his feefc towards tho water-wheel . He was dead and had evidently been killed by the explosion . Soon after , the other workmen came to me , and wo removed tha body to the watch-house . I assisted to remove the
clothes from the body , and I observed that the flesh about ihe neck was torn from the back of the head , under the left car to the front of the neck . One of the deceased ' s arms was broken , one thigh , and one leg ; and deceased is horribly burnt about the face , breast , and front of his body . The body is dreadfully shattered , 'f huse injuries would undoubtedly cause his death . There was no other person about the mill at the time , I don ' t know what ho was doing , but there i * no doubt that the explosion arose from so me accident . His was not a more hazardous situation than that of any other mill-watclur . Deceased was about forty years of see .
PiioviDENTrAL EscAPg . —On Saturday evening , the 21 st last ., about seven o ' clock , an alarm was given that a man was in the sea under the cliff opposite the Fort Cliff Crescent , Margate . RopeB were immediately procured irom the Clifton Baths , and out of a liHmber of stamen present , Hammond Maxstead , a fine fellow , weighing fourteen stone , and forsy-five years of age , volunteered his services , and was lowered down the perpendicular cliff sixty feet , and in a few minutes returned wiih his prizj , William White , a youth of eighteen , covered with sea weeds . White , on being placed on terr Jirma , was so much exhausted as to be unable to speak . He waa taken to the Clifton Baths , whore he was mosfc benevolently treated vmh proper restoratives , antS in a short time was s ?<> far recovered as to give the following account of his fearful adventure : — 1 wafl on the jetty to-night , aad having heard that at low
water 1 couid go to the Clifton Baths , I determined upon making the experiment , supposing that the tide was running down , instead of which it was rising . Finding , ' after a while , my mistake , I thought of returaing to the jetty , but aa the sea had then coveted the chalk walks on the side of the cliff , I weni back towards the Clifton Baths , but was stopped by tha large piece of rock which is only separates from tha mainland at the top . I thf > n throw mypelf into the sea with tne intention of swimming round the point . bat the waves forced me in and out again , . ana knocked me about severely . Being now up tomj neck in the sea , which was rising , and after looking into cud about the caves of tho cliffy , where the waves roared dreadfuily , I again plunged forward to the point of the rock , and as I was ftmnd on the other side clinging to the cliff , I must have succeeded , although I know not bow . " Maxstead dtchned to receivo any remuneration for adventu ! mg his life .
Untitled Article
gLjnaoER 28 , 1844 THE N 0 | ii'HE BN , ; S T A R i . . . J
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 28, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1282/page/7/
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