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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th October 1844, Edition 1 of 1, Page 6, MARKET INTELLIGENCE.

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  • Departments (4)
    • *« Law grinds tke poor, and nch men rale the law."
    • €t)avti8X 3£m?nt' 3nrce*
    • MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
    • NORTH AMERICAN LAND AGENCY.
  • Adverts (1)
  • Text (10)
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      Untitled Ad

      TN the Prospectus whioh the NORTH AMERICAN LAND AGENCY has already published X their views . ' it is hoped , have been sufficiently explained a 3 regards the promotion of Emigration to Lands and Estates , purchased through its intervention in Canada , &c The ARents confidently submit , however , that the same views , more fully developed , may be made essentially useful , not only to the unemployed classes in this country , but also to thoae who aro possessed of some capital , though insufficient in amount to secure , of itself , their permanent welfare and prosperity . It wiU be admitted that Emigration has heretofore been conducted on a system productive , in the aggregate , of much individual hardship and distress—and especially to the Emigrant of the poorer class ; for on arriving at hia port of debarkation , he has found himself * generally speaking , with httlo or no money , and no friends to assist him in procuring work , or ? ven to point out in what part of the Province he would be most hkely to obtain it , —while he who possessed some little capital has met with similar difficulties , in making choice of a location . Canada , though all things considered , perhaps the most important of our colonies , is virtually a terra incognita—simply because there i& no oue willing , if able , to afford the requisite information to those who seek it , and it is this deficiency which it i the aim aud object of the Agents effectually to remedy . - _ There are hundreds in Great Britain anxious to emigrate , but who , from wi * nt of sufficient means are deterred from , or anable to do so . To such the Agents can off « r faoilitioa heretofore unthought of , ] and unattainable ; for examplo : —A man having no more than £ 100 , would not better his situation by emigrating to Canada as aa agriculturist—for the purchase of his Land , and ihe unavoidable preliminary j expenditure thereon , the cxpence of conveyance thither , and hit , support , however frugal , until his first cropB were gathered in , would absorb more than his entire capital , even under the most favourable circumstances . Such a capital , ou the contrary , wouid bo found not only sufficient on the plan proposed by the Agents , as hereafter explained , but at the same time , immunity from the usual hardships aud , privations would be secured , and to the prudent and industrious a comfortable aud permanont competently in the future . But tho great body of our emigrating population is composed of persons having no capital whatever , \ generally without even the meana of paying their pas-sage-money to a Colony , however approximate to the mother country . The sufferings which too often befal these poor people , are greater than would bo j generally believed—not on shipboard , for there tbey are now well-carod for , owin ^ to the strictness with which the wholesome regulations of the " Passengers' Act , ' are enforced by the Government Emigration Agents here acd in Canada . It is on their arrival in the Colony that the struggle reall y commences , a struggle not confined to the mere labourer , but more or less participated in by the small capitalist to whom reference was first made . He must search for hia Land in a country , to the localities of which , its soil and seasons , he is a perfect stranger ; and when selected , however judiciously , he musUivo upon his own resources until tbe ensuing harvest . He must erect his own log house , clear and fence his land , wasting valuable time , and spending much of hia already too scanty capital unprofiiably , from inexperience in tho work he haa undertaken . The former , on landing at his destined port , applies for work , whioh if unattainable on the spot , he must seek for elsewhere , or starve . If without funds , he is provided by the Emigration Agent appointed by Government , with a free passage in a steam boat to wherever he chooses to go , and then every resource but his own labour ceases . It may not be irrelevent to mention , that the money thus expended in Canada in 1342 , was £ 18 , 161 ; and in 1843 , nearly £ 9 , 000 ; Emigration in the latter year having fallen off 51 per cent , as compared with the former : a plain proof of the generally helpless condition of our emigrating brethren , and that the distress alluded to is far from being exaggerated . The Agents will now proceed to state as britiiy as possible , those remedial measures which they are sanguine enough to hope may removo in a great degree , if not altogether , the evils complained of . It has been observed in the first prospectus * that the Agent in London has for 6 ale upwards of 600 , 000 Acres of Land in different parts of Upper and Lower Canada ; and it is in a great decree owing to the exceedingly low terms on which the Agents are authorised to dispose of some of the best of these properties thai they ar 8 enabled to offer to the consideration of tho public the following scheme : — Thn statement marked A shows , that with no greater capital than £ 77 , a single aaan , forming one of a party of not less than ten families , or PRINCIPALS , will acquire in fee simple , or trechold Land io the extent of 100 Acres . That for a man and his wife , or two single men , the capital required will be only £ 87 , or £ 43 10 s . each ; with ono child , £ 92 os ., or £ 30 15 * . each ; tho amount per head decreasing as the numbers in a family increase . . .... ,. . It has been remarked , that with bo small a sum at command as £ 100 , tho agriculturist would not better his condition by emigrating ; aud it is presumed that thb reasons givon are a sufficient evidence of the fact . The plan now submitted goes , however , to prove that oven this small stock of money caa bo made not only ample for all useful purposes , but will leave a fund to meet contingencies . Tho statement marked B shows in like manner the capital required to entitle the Emigrant to 50 Acres of Land in Freehold , aud this scale is intended to apply to those who depend upon the assistance of others , partially or wholly , to enable them to emigrate . . To this table the Agents bespeak the especial attention of those who support Emigration from benevolent views . Looking at the brightest side of the piotura , it has been , to the poor man , merely a transition from labour in one country , to labour in another , w : th the prospect , if successful , of saving in the course of years , sufficient to procure those advantages which are here offered him on setting foot in Canada , ^ ot only will he be exempt from the prospect of want , provided of course he bo pruccnt and industrious , but he will be spared those hardships and privations heretofore inseparable from the change of home and country ; and secure to himself a state of comfort aud independence beyond any expectations he could ever have ventured to indulge in . The public may fairly require some guarantee beyonH the mere character of the Agents , that tbey have the power as well as the inclination , faithfully to carry out that which they undertake to perform . Such a guarantee they are prepared to offer , and in a form which they trust will be approved of That when the pnrchase is made , the money contributed by each family or principal shall bo placed in tae haeds of tbe Bankers of the Agency , in London , in the joint names of the Agent in London , and some one appointed by the Settlers , to ba applied in the manner following , viz .: — 1 . To pay the purchase money of tho Laud so soon as the Title Docds of the same , legally executed in the Colony , are delivered over to the Purchasers . p . 2 . To defray the Passage Money of the Settlers in the manner usually practised in Emigrant Ships , and 3 . To repay all other disbursements undertaken by the Agents , so as , but not before , the Settlers Bhall have arrived on their location , and are therefore in actual possession of the settlement prepared North American Land Agency , RICHARD NORMAN , No . 2 , New Broad Street , London . Agent in London . STATEMENT A Table , shewing the amount required to be paid bv each Family according to the number of its members , to entitle them to a Freehold Farm of 100 Acres , a Free Pas >^ # o to Cauuda ; three Mouths Provisions after iheir arrival at the Settlement j and a participation in all the advantage offered by the Agency , which are as follows : — 1 . —A Log House to be built on each Farm . , 2 . —Five Acres of Land to be cleared on each Farm , of which four acres to be cropped with Wheat , and one acre with Potatoes and other vegetables . 3 . —The setters to be furnished with the necessary tools , such as Axes , Hoes , Sickles , &c ; and also 4 . —With one Yoke of Oxen for the general use of the Settlement . 5 . —A foreman , and two experienced assistants , to be engaged and paid by the Agents for three months , to work with and instruct the Emigrants in clearing Land and fencing it ; and in the erection of Log Houses , of whicb five will , for that purpose , be built after the arrival Of the Settlers . 6 . —Three Months' Provisions to be supplied to the Emigrants after they have reached the Settlement , thus securing them against the possibility of want while their crops are ripening , and they are engaged in he work referred to in the foregoing paragraph . TT , ., kt u Amount to bo Paid . Under Above Number Member ' ofeachFM " ' - A . y £ ,. fX . aa * » ix Ziu . l . ' £ a d £ s d A single man 1 1 77 0 0 77 0 0 No . 2 . A man and wife 2 2 43 10 0 87 0 0 No . 3 . A man , wife , and 1 child 1 2 3 30 15 0 92 5 0 x \ T o . 4 . A man , wife , and 2 children 2 2 4 24 10 0 98 0 0 No . 5 . A man , wife , and 3 children 3 2 5 20 15 0 103 15 0 No . 6 . A man , wife , and 4 children , 1 child above 14 years- 3 3 6 18176113 50 No . 7 . A man , wife , and 5 children , 1 child above 14 years U 3 7 17 0 0 119 0 0 No . 8 . A man , wife . and 6 children , 2 children above 14 yr ^ 4 4 8 16 2 6 129 0 0 STATEMENT B """ Table shewing the Amount required to be paid by eaoh family according to tbe number of its Members , to entitle them to a Freehold Farm of Fifty Acres ; a Free Passage to Canada ; three Months ' Provisions after their arrival at tbe Settlement ; and a participation in all the advantages offered by the Agency , which are as follows , viz .: — 1 . —A Log House to be built on each Farm . 2 . —Four and a Half Aores of Land to be cleared on each Farm , of which four acres to be cropped with Wheat , and Half an Acre with Potatoes and other vegetables . 3 . —The Bottlers to be furnished with the necessary tools , such as Axes , Hoes , Sickles , &o . ; and also 4 . —With one Yoke of Oxen for the general use of the Settlement . 5 . —A foreman , and two experienced assistants , to be engaged and paid by the Agents for three months , to work with and instruct the Emigrants in clearing Land and fencing it ; and in the erection of Log Houses , of which five will , fox that purpose , be built after the arrival of the Settlers . 6 . —Three Months' Provisions to be supplied to the Emigrants after they have reached the Settlement , thus securing them against the possibility of want while their cropB are ripening , and they are engaged in the werk referred to in the foregoing paragraph . ^ Unde , Above Number Amountto be paid . Members of Each F . mi * . ^ ^ ^ m Individual . Family . ; no l " ~ £ s ( T £ a < T ABingleMan . „ . „ -. 1 . 1 59 10 0 59 10 0 A Man and Wife . ™ ' . ...- 2 2 34 12 6 69 5 0 A Man , Wife , and ChUd .. ^ . 0 .:. 3 :... 1 2 3 25 0 0 73 0 0 A Man , Wife , and two Children 2 2 4 20 2 6 80 10 0 No . 5 . A Man , Wife , and three ChiWren 3 ! 2 ; 5 17 5 0 86 5 0 A Man , Wife , and four Children , ' one Child above 14 years ... 3 3 6 16 0 0 96 0 0 A Man , Wife , and five Children / one Child above 14 years ... 4 37 14 10 0 10110 0 No . 8 . A Man , Wife , and six Children , two Children above 14 years 4 4 8 13 17 6 111 0 0 N . B . —A party desiring to have a larger Farm than above described , can obtain Land i n any quantity , at the mere cost of snob Land , free from any increase in' tbe other items of expenditure .

      *« Law Grinds Tke Poor, And Nch Men Rale The Law."

      *« Law grinds tke poor , and nch men rale the law . "

      Untitled Article

      THE BRTTTAL CONDUCT TN THE SLOTJGH W 0 RKH 0 T 7 SB , On Wednesday morning -weei the Irqniry "was again gone into by Mi . Wakley and the jury , at Old Brentford , respecting the treatment of John Ehsw , -who died in the Eton cnion workhonse on the 12 tk . The most important tsatimony waa Gat ol John Scott , irom whom the follo-sring evidence of the tender mercies of the mew Poor taw VF 3 S dragged : —Mr . Wskley : Had yon Bay directions as Xs staying with Tisiters while in the loom with th 6 inmates ?—Witness : Yes , sometimes the por ter does , s . ^ saetimea the governor , and somttimes the matron . In the case of the deceased , it was generally the matron . —Mr . Wakley : How -was it in the ether cases?—Witness : Why , in the cases ol personB

      not ill , the visiters came into the hall , and the inmates they want are sent for , and I am supposed to hear what they say to esgh other . They are not allowed eTen to go with tfcsir friends to the door , hnt sit on benches ronnd the halt That is by osder of the governor . — Mr . "Wakley :, Then you can bear all that passes between the YisiterB and tbeinrs&tes?—Witness : Yes , I can , if I like to listen . I do not let them go oat of my Bight—The master of the woikhonse , Thomas Aiitin , Tras examined . —Mr . Wakley : Suppose ^ tke deceases Was dissatisfied in any -way—suppose he thought he wss neglected by his nurses , or that he had not focd enough , 01 that his food was not of good ^ iiallty , could he bave an ojnwttujnty of telling hia relatives of it?—Witness ;' Why , we stand as far'from

      them as the distance between ycra and me ( the . distance of the table )—Mr . Wakley : This is really too bad , and th s confc-ct is attracting the attention of the public journals who have made remarks ec it—Mr . Waklej : I -wast to inow if it is \> j yoar own fiirecttr-n ax-sing from the dictates of your ' own unnS , or by the directions yon have received from a superior authority ?—Witness ( opening , a small book he had in his hand ; : I will show the role . He ihen opened the book , and having examined it a minute or two closed It , and holding it with his hand behind him , said—it is a rule that an offier of the establishment shall be present at-the visits of persona to inmates , be they sick or ¦ well . Mr . W-kleyz That is a rale of the Poor Law Commissioners?—Witness ? It is . —Medical witnesses

      were then called , who clearly showed that the death was ewing to ti » injury sustained by the leg . —The coroner then summed -op , and after stating that the medical attention paid to the deceased was excellent , and then alluding to the Poor Law order , not to allow dyicj ? persons to speak to their friends alone , lie said , 41 It ia a most savage and brntal cmelty , which nothing C « n egual" Tie jary then retired , and afcer some little time returned , -with the following verdict : — "We find that the deceased died ¦ from the mortal effects of a frsctcre of the left thigh bone , produced by accidental death , fhe jury considerdt to be Dieir duty to gate thai they -are decidedly and vnanhsoiisly of opinion fhat the refusal of the governor and matron of the Eton Union WorJcnotae to aUcw any conversation to pass beitteen iht ofUcted man and his idfe . sister , -and motherin-fotF except in the pi ^ serax of a listener and a spy upon their conduct , is a part ordy of a system of moral

      treatt * snt adopted towards the poor man tchich is a dif-jrace and scandal to < i Christian country ; and that the refusal to receive and give shelter to the wife and other poor relations vrhen they arrived at the union workhouse at midnight , in a strange place many miles from thtir homes ^ to pay , as they thought , a lust visit to a dying husband , brother , and Boc- ! n-law , teas , in the opinion Of the jury , aa act of so cruel and inhuman , a character , thai cay person "by trhom snth conduct could Off perpetrated is cutoffs&er ¦ mnfu to i / e intrustrd iriih the care of ihepoor . The verdict was receiTed with tte applause of all present . On the master and matron of the Eton Union Werkhonss leaving the house at which the inquest was held , with their witnesses , about an hour before the verdict of the jary was returned , on their "way to Slough , they were greeted with a volley of howli and hisses from the crowd in front of the house , and wars glad to whip their horses to a gallop to get oat of the echo -of their sound .

      We extract the folio-wing comments on the above atrocious case from the Times—The care of John Shaw , and fhe conduct of the dSeers of the Union at Sir-nth , have come before a jury , and the jury have decided that tke rule of treatment in that woikhc-use is inhuman an £ scandalous . * * - ? Details more shecklng , more revolting , more sickening Ujas those whicb accompanied the < ljirjg bed of this poor visa , ana v ? hicn tfeis coroner ' s Icq ^ est tas brcnght out , "sre cannot imagine . The acene and the tadums which it develcpes are equiQy horrible ; and \ re seem transported into a lower and vileratmosphere than the daylighr could i © l ~ Kte- A poor man is on his death-bed—a deith-bed more wretched and loathsome than we can describe ; the details are unrepairable .

      His wife , sister , and mother come at twelve o ' clock at night to see him . They want to see him before he dies ; they have be = n brought for tha . purpose by a Bervant of the workhouse out of pure compassion . At twelve o ' clock at night they are refused ad-Eussicn -within the Trails , and have to find a lodging for the rnight elsewhere , -while their relation is " hour by hour ^ pproactiE ? his end . In " a strange pl ^ ce " ( as the verdici of the jury states } , " maDy miJes fr < m their homes , " the tfsUs irhicb contain tfcs dying husband are elssed npon its wife . " Are they come down at this time ? " is the truly humane speech of the gover-3 ior-ef the union , which expresses the "sole view which Ijetates of the matter . And pray , if Lhsy were not to come down at that time , when were they to come ? Are people only to see one another when they are alive

      and weD , whez ? nature is vigorous and can support herself ; hasTesourees of her own , and is independent ? la sot the comfort of a familiar face , a kind look , a sympathiz i ng eye , and the accent of tenderness rrqaired a thousand-fold in the -despondency of a fatal fllnpsa ? " Are they come do- ro at this time ? " indeed . This is the Ifew Poor L * w humanity ; this is . straight from the moral code of Somerse--house . The governor of the Slough poorhonse ia a worthy , faithful servant of the department He represents it well . It does not appear to disadvantage in his h ^ nds . X > &ad indifference , coldness and tfeickheartedness , which lowers the ofjects of charity to an incubus an < l identifies the p&or man -with the gntmftT , are the attributes of the system . The governor of Slough Union ought to have promotion . He has obviously imbibed the principles of his profession .

      But let us suppose the relations at last admitted . Tbe night is ov = r , and the next morning come . The wife goes to the bedside of the hnsb&Jid . She cannot speak to him , except in the presence of some servant of the establishment . "Mr . Watlfcj—I want to know by whom the order has been issued that a person is to be present to listen at the interview betwetn inmates and their relations ? " Witness ( epening a eeeJI book he had in his hand ; —I wiU show you the rule . He then opened the book , and having examined it a minnte or two closed it , and , holding it with his hand behind him , Baid— 'It is a rale that an officer of the establishment shall ba present at all the visits of persons to inmates , be they skk or welL ' Mr . Wakley—That is a rale of the Poor L 3 W Commissiocers ? "Witness—It is "

      This , then , is a rule of the Poor Law Commissioners ; and a more crnel and shameless interference -wiih the tight of human privacy—the right that every one in society , who has not forfeited it by crime , has of talking about his own affairs and of talking to those whom be wants to bear about them , and thoss only—we can Bot conceive . We Bhonld really call it gross impertinence , were cot the impertinence absorbed in the cruelty of the thing . The idea cf espionage comes in to cemplete the prison tactics of the Poor Law system . It ia most remarkable how , every way it turns , this system developes in the identification of poverty with crime . There is a fate abont it That stamp is seen everywhere , and show 3 like a plagne-ipot . The in

      Jnry the present instance then have dene boldly and honourably . They have confronted the Poor Xsw Commissioners manfully , and have told them to their faces , that their system is a scandal and-diprace to the country . That a Jury bvre ' done this is an important thing to notice . » This" { referring to the espionage ) "is part of a moral treatment towards the poor man , which is a scandal and a disgrace to a CnriBtian country . " We rep . at the words , for they dessrre repeating . That a Jury tell the Poor Lvw ConunkaioEera this , is a strong evidence of that power coming at last into collision with the national ehasieter end nature . A Jury represents the popular mind ; ii is ona form of representation by which the national feeling Is expressed . Juries are as old as Parliaments ; they zpeak on such a subject as the present , in -which ' ordi-Jisry hnman feeliog is slont concerned , with a valee ol authority . And we seem now to have a regular formal constitutional representation of public feeling asatnst s

      cruel and unnationalsystem . June ; have power . The Influence catches . Their example is followed . This a legal judicial manifestation against tbs New Poor Lat and it will have its tffect as such .

      Untitled Article

      BEMARKABLB TRIAL FOB MURDER . ^ J ^ - ^ tralian ^ papers la tely received contain the * "JlL ° \ * ° 7 for murder cammitted under the most ™ " 2 ™ 7 circumstances . The boy ' s name waaj John Gavin ^ he had been sent out to the colony from j tfrg-rcEburrt MtuMWfrmanft a ^ ¦»« apprenticed toS ^^^ S ^ llainea * oltotf . whose son he wbj eoaxgea tntii murdering , Ths principal testimony on thB trial , wficb took place st Perth , m April , vras that of the mother of the murdered boy , who deposed—I wmember Ash

      Wedaesday , the 21 « t of February last About the middle I of th « day , between twelve and one o'clock , prisoner I came in to dinner , and my ton , the deceased , sent him for a gimblet to the carpenter's shop . I recollect then i telling my son that I felt very unwell and could not sit i up , and I told prisoner to get up the dinner . 2 felt as if there wsa something very heavy over my heart I > eeeased recommended me to go to bed , and -afterpri-• oner and deceased « t down to dinner I did go to bed-Thsre was bo one else in the house then . When I vent into my bed-room I left prisoner and deceased in the JOtcbea , Ifeil ajteep , tod w&j awakened by prisoner

      Untitled Article

      coming into my room with a piece of board in his hand . He said deceased bad sent him to me with that piece of board , which had been broken on ? a door . There fa no door to my bed-room , nor to my Bon ' s . I told him to leave the board there till his master came home . He had been checked twice that day for slamming a door behind kim . Prisoner was not a . minute in my room . I then Wed to sleep again , bat was disturbed by the deceased beginning to sing ; he was then is his room , a lean-to , next to my bed , and the partition wall has not been filled , es that I could hear partly what he said , hnt not alL The last words I heard him sing were" Asd when we c'ose those gttes again We will be all true bine . "

      The somid of singing then suddenly ceased . I lay & little longer , but I was aroused by some feelings I could not account for , and I leaped out of bed . I exclaimed " Good God , is there so peace far my afflicted heart "?"' and that I could find no relief but in prayer . I went to the door of my room leading into the kitchen , and as I passed through the doorway 1 saw the prisoner in the act of drinking out of a basin . He h £ d the basin oa the abelf , and was leaving the kitchen , when I asked wh&t he was doing ; he said ha was filling a barrow at deceased ' s door . I went to thb kitchen door to -see what he was doing , and saw him lift sp straws In a ltzy manner , dropping

      almost as much as bo raised . I asked him if he did not mean to fasten the straw down , and he said he would do so with a string . I went into the kitchen to prepare my dinner , and whilst doing so , the prisoner came ia and stooped under the dresser , but did not take or aek for tay thing . I asked what had become of a ^ ug ef milk ; as he raised himself , I observed his lips vrere vary -white , and I thought tie had been drinking the cream . He went out of the kitchen , and I went on with preparing my dinner , and was making some batter , when I thought of going te tee what deceased wsb doing , as I did not hear the sound of Ms ni 3 at the barn . I went out of : the kitchen

      towards the deceastd ' s door , 'when I Bi-w the prisoner rash out of that door , looking wild , as if in destruction He begun to stoop , » Dd look down and about him . I asked him what he was looking for . Ht ) said " Nothing . " I said he could not look for less . He continued walking about in the same way for a minute or two , when I said /** Why , Gavin , you are like one losing your senses 1 are you losing your reason , or what ails you , boy ? " He made no answer that I heard . He was going towards the carpenter ' s shop . I then went to the door of deceased's room , and saw him lying on his bed with his back to me . I called te him two or three times , and no answer was given . I went in and shook him , and was surprised at bis being so fast asleep in so abort fl time . There was a coat over and tucked under

      his heed . I removed the coat , and saw him in a gore of blood , and thousht it might tme been from bleeding * t the nose . I put my left hand under his face , and my right hand under the back of his head , to raise it up , and my hand sunk into the back of bis bead . 2 raised his face & little , and he breathed a few times . I clapped my hands , and said , " My child is smothered in his own blood . " I screamed , " George , my jewel , tell me your murderer . " I am sure he was not dead when 1 first raised his bead . I called out " Gaorge , George . " and " Johnny Gavin , Johnny Gavin . " My son Michael came immediately to me , and asked what ailed me . I said Johnny Gavin was after murdering hia brother . He asked if he should go for Mr . Singleton , I said yes , and he immediately went . Michael had

      been in the barn picking out drake The barn msy be twenty yards fr&m the bouse . I cannot tell exactly . My son Thomas nexi called to ma I kept going in and ont of the deceased ' s room , and saw an adas lying on the floor , and found it covered with hair , blood , and brains . I found it lying on the fljor half-way between the bed and the < ioor- It might be about a quarter of an fecur Before Tbomis came in . He cams up screeching to know what ailed lae , and I told him hia brother George had been murdered , and I showed him the bloody arf « . He went by my desire to feis sister and brother-inlaw , -who live at a place called Corol&yup . Prisoner came next By that time I suppose my son Thomas had reached Corolayup , which is

      four milea off by the road , but , as 1 have heard , abont two miles through the bosh . Ail that time I hod been calling out " Murder ! murder J Johnny Givini Johnny Gavin I" I saw him come up in . a direction from the piggery . When I last saw him ha was going frem the house in the direction of th& carpenter ' s shi-p . 1 said to him , "Johnny Gavin , Johnny Gavin J" He replied , " Dj you want me , ma ' am ? " I said , " Do I want you ? Where have you been to , or why did you not came to me ? " When fee came to me he said he had been to the river for a drink . When I saw him drinking in the kitchen the bucket was jast filled . I Eaid I -wondered he was thirsty again so soou af tar drink , ing in the kitchsn . He Bsid he had not drnnk then . I asked why be had not done so , when he had brought

      m the bucket for his own use . He said he tied forgotten it . I said , "If yon forgot the water you did not forget to murder my poor child . " This passed outside the house . He Biid he did not , and why did I lay it on h m or any other ptreon ? I asked whom I could lay it on but him , there being no other person on the premises that chy but my three children and he . 1 : old him 1 had seen him coming out of deceased ' s room , and had every' reason to suspect him . I asked him several times why he did not come to ma when I kept screeching for him ? He said he did not hear me . He then said , perhsp 3 a native inicht have killed the deceased . I replied that there had b&en no nativts there that day or several days before . He then said , perhaps he tad murdered himself . I said— " Yon

      uiur-Cermg vilLJn . why should yon belie ruy dead child ? —ho could not tak . a an adz ? and murder himself on the back of tbe fiead . "' He then went into deceased '*! roam , and said— " George won't £ ay I murdered him . " I answsred—** Yen did not give him leave to breathe . " He tbbn called ont— "George , George j" and I went to push him a-vray from the bed ; he said— " Don ' t put a crop of blood on me ; you said I murdered your child , don't put a drop of blood upon me . " I then took notice of his shirt being wet , and said— " Yon villain , did you go and wash the blood of my dear child off your clcthss ? " He said he had fallen into the river . I do not recollect that I put my hand actually on him , as he stood back and put up his hands to keep me off . I said I would have the shirt off him .

      I put my apron around my hand and seized him by tbe sbirtcollar , and pulled tUe shin off him , in order to let Mr . Singleton see the shirt was wet 1 used the apron to prevent tbe blood on my hands staining his shirt . He wanted another shirt from me , and went with me into the kitchen , and I shut both the front and back door upon him . I saw a cord lying on a chest , and tied his left hand , which he let me do without resistance ; but he straggled much against my tying hia right band , but 1 got stronger as he gr = w weaker , and I tied both his hands at last . There -were two large rooms in tbe kitchens ard he began to look about , and I was afraid he would escape , so I took him iDto deceased ' s room , btcauBe there was only one door to guard , and only one window * too small to get through . I had a stick in my

      hand , whicb I took up to guard him , and somehow or other he got hold of the stick , and I had a bard struggle to get it back . He said he would swear cgainst me for making him a prisoner , aiid hurting his hands . After this he came out of the deceased ' s room . I retreating before him , and be then knelt down and said , " Do forgive me , ma ' am , and don ' t say I murdered your son , and 111 pray for George , " He said so several times . I Baid he had not given George time to pray . After that he sai . 1 at different times , •¦ Do , ma ' am , blow my brains out" I eaid I -would no ^ imbrue my hands Tn his blood , as he had done his ia my son ' s , and that I would deliver him to the lsw . After this he btcame more case-hardened , and said he did not regard what I could d *> , as I did not see him do it He kept coming up to mp , and placing his hands against me , and saying " I didn't , " in an impertinent way . Ha kept doing so till the soldier Longwortb came np to me , followed by

      anoiher person and Corporal Alcock . I knew deceased had borrowed a book of songs . 1 fcund the b&ok of scngs in decased ' a bed at the time I went to his bedside . The ntxt day I looked into the book to find the words 1 had heard him singing , but conld not Afterward my daughter found the -worils in a page glued to another psge by blood . I did not see any stains of blood on prisoner ' s clothes . The acza now produced is the one 1 found in the . deceased ' s badroom . The trowsers produced are those he had on the day in question . The adze is my husband ' s . The handle was then in the iron socket I lifted it by the handle . The prisoner was an apprentice of my husband ' s . The river opposite our buuse was half tha depth of a pork barrel in the deepest part . Prisoner told me he had fallen into the river st a spot where there ¦ s ? cre two or three pork barrels in the river , and near the hank . They were so close that a person could not / all into the river between them and the bank .

      In cross-examination , witness said her son was a good deal taller and larger than the prisoner , who said he was fourteen year 3 ef age when ho came . Other evidence , of a corroborative nature , was given , and die jary , after consulting together about half an h . our , returned a verdict of " guilty , " and sentence of death was passed upon the prisoner . B&fore his execution , however , he made a full confession . The sub * stance o ! the confession was , that the first thoughts of committing the crime arose in his mind within three minutes of the execution of the deed ; that it was a sudden instigation , one which had been paralleled but not frequently . The boy eat down to dinner with hia vicUm without a thought harboured in bis mind of

      harm towards him . He had made up his mind to murder the mother of tbe family that afternoon , and as be commenced hia work without the farm while the lad Pollard was sleeping , the thought rushed across the mind of the prisoner , that if he -mmdered Xtte woman first , then a lad Stromer than himself remained on the premises able to take Mm prisoner , and that to secure the fate of the woman and bis own safety , he must first kill the lad . In explanation of the circumstance of hia clothe * being wet , tbe prisoner stated that ha went to tbe river , not to drink , nor to waih the blood from his clothes , but to drown himself , but that bis courage failed him , such was hit feeling and remorae at the act he had committed . He could state no

      possible reason why be compassed tbe death of Mrs . Pollard . : The boy was executed tbe day after Good Friday . He was deeply affected , ana was assisted up the steps to the platform . From this time the proceedings were rapid , and at ten minutes after eight the cart moved forward , and the criminal was launched into eternity Bo light trai tbe body , tiiat with a fawaue Jsfeatiou ,

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      heavy weights were attached to the legs of the sufferer , a precaution the propriety of which was evinced in the fact , that apparently the panga of the convict were very few .

      €T)Avti8x 3£M?Nt' 3nrce*

      € t ) avti 8 X 3 £ m ? nt ' 3 nrce *

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      IiOWDON . —Metbopolitan Delegate Cocxcil . —This body met at the City Ghartisfc Hall , 1 , Turnagain Lane , on Sunday last , Mr . Matthews In the chair Messrs . Pike , Bsckmaster , Simpson , and Laurie having reported from their respective localities , on the Plan of Organ ization , Mr . Stallwood moved , and Mr . Simpson seconded— " That we now proceed to take the names of persons , in order to constitute the Metropolitan Delegate Gtfuncil , in accordance with the plan propounded by Mr . Wheeler "; whicb being carried , the fallowing names were duly received and entered - : — Marylebone—W . Buckmaster and W . Pattenden . City —G H . Tucker and W . Dear . Hammersmith—Edmund Stallwood . Clock House—Henry Pike . Camberwell and Wftlworth—John Simpson . Somers Town—Thos . Laurie and John Arnott Stratford—John Tuff and

      George Wolfe . Brompton—Win . Matthews . Whittington and Cat—Thomas Mills . Tha plan or rules for the government of the Council were then read , as prmted in the Northern Star , and after considerable discussion , in which Messrs . M'Gratb , Wheeler , Buckmaster , Tucker , Stallwood , Simpson , Laurie , and others took part , was adopted . The following were then nominated for the office of Secretary : —Mr . John Arnott , of Somers Town , Mr . Stallwood , and Mr W . Matthews , Mr . John Arnott wai declared duly elected . Mr . John Simpson was then elected Treasurer . Mr . Stallwood gave notice of the following motion for Sunday , Oct . 6 th : — " That a sub-Committee be appointed to draw up a plan for the formation of a Chartist Freehold Building Society , under the direction of this Council" The Council then adjourned .

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      South wabk . —Mr . T . M . Wheeler lectured on Sunday evening last , to a numerous and enthusiastic audience , in St . George's Temperance Hall , Biackfriara Road . Martlebone . —Mr . Skolton delivered an able lecture , to a numerous audience , at the Coach Paintera * Arms , Circus-&treet , on Sunday evening . Greenwich . —A . public meeting waa held on Monday last , at the George and Dragon Tavern , Biackheath Hill , to hear Dn M'DdU&U deliver a lecture "On war , and its consequences . " : There was a very numerous attendance , amongst whom we noticed a considerable sprinkling of the fair sex . The Doctor's reception wns most enthusiastic . Mr . Sawyer was unanimously called to the chair . Dr . M'Dou&U . said coming to Greenwich

      to lecture on the horrors of war was something like going to Newcastle and speaking against coals—( laughter ) . There were two species of wars—just and unjust : he came to Bpeak against tbe latter only—the unjust wara of aggression— - ( cheers ) . Ho considered wars just when undertaken in defence of our common country and our common rights—( cheers ) . War was just when undertaken in defence of liberty —( hear , hear ) . Thus the Poles were justified in warring against the despotism of the Emperor of Russia—( cheers ) . The Swiss were justified in rising against the military despotism of the Emperor Napoleon Buonaparte—( cheers ) . Tbe Americans were justified when they teok

      up arms against their oligarchical oppressors , and established tbeir republic ; raising the banner of Universal Suffrage for cither nations to follow —( loud cheering ) . In fact , all wars against tyranny and oppression were just . He deplored at all times the necessity of * esorting to physical forme . What inducement could there bo for man to take the life of hii fellow-man ? Yet the aristocracy had incensed class againafc class , and thus had millions of valuable lives being sacrificed—( bear , hear ) . He waa opposed to the present form of Government—( cheers )—he was opposed to the Law of Primogeniture , to the Game Laws , to the present system of Poor Law » , to class-legislation , &c , yet

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      were foreigners to Invade England ' s shores he should feel justified in taking np arms to repel the invaders—( loud eheers ) . He liked much the French democrats , and equally disliked the French aristocrats— ( bear , hear )—yet much as he liked the French democrats , were they to come as invaders he should feel justified in resisting them to tbe death—( great cheering ) . Then how much more would he feel justified in resisting Louifi Philippe and his invading army , whose soleobjaot , under such circumstances , would be tcrfomand cement an hateful } middle-class government—( great cheering ) . The moat : unjustifiable war ever undertaken waa that against the French Republic , by William Pitt , whicb engulphed Englishmen to the chin in debt . Mr . M'Douall then entered into an able disquisition on

      the late Tahiti affair , with their drunken queen and subtle missionaries . W * had now enjoyed & long peace , during which time the sciences have progressed , and consequently , was war now to ensue it would prove alarmingly destructive . Thus , in one short night , England might lay the towns of Calais and Boulonge in ruins , or France might lay the towns of Brighton and Djver in ruins , besides sacrificing innumerable valuable lives —( hear , hear ) . For his part , he trusted that discoveries would still progress , and that Captain Warner's discovery would be made public ; and xvtian it waB known that a war must certainly terminate in the inevitable destruction of both parties , war and its evils would soon cease—( cheers ) . Ho would venture to affirm , that under the Charter there would be ho

      war ; under such circamstancea a mutuality of interest would exist , i and a benefit given would be a favsur received—( cheers )^—it being the interest of all to be at peace . It was the interest of the aristocracy to keep up a state of poverty , for who would fl < bt their battles if they had a sufficiency of employment and an ample reward for thieir labour ? What bad the French gained by tbe wars undertaken by that military genius Buonaparte ? Nothing . But they spent two miiliuns and a half of lives in gratifying this unhappy laan ' s amb ' . tion —( oheeva ) . ! Bat it had been said the money spent in war was beneficial . If they thought so , he would advise them to buy a lot of cheese , and let the rats eat them . Or , if they thought the levy of taxes was good , he at once would commence a levy of one shilling per bead on tbe present company , and pled go

      himself to stop there and spend it—( cheers ) . Mr . H . R . jss then j ropoaed a resolution in strict accordance with the lecture ; | which was seconded by Mi . J . Morgan , who gaveia clear and lucid statement of the principles contained in the People's Charter ; and hoped tbey would no longer continue to sing " Britons never shall be slaves , " aa every man who was not possessed of tbe franchise was , to all intents and purposes , a slave —( cheers ) . Mr . Gathard and Mr . M'Gregor ; ibly supported the resolution , which was unanimously carried . Mr . Abbot then proposed a vote of thanks to Dr . M'Douall ( or his present able lecture and his past services in the cause of democracy , which was seconded by Mr . Morgan , and carried by acclamation . A vote of thanks was awarded to the Chairman , and the meeting dispersed . I

      Manchester . —carpentershall . —Mr . Doyle delivered auj instructive lecture to an intelligent audience in the above Hall , on tbe evening of Sunday last ; at the close of which the thanks of the meeting was given to the lecturer for his services in the causa of democracy . j STQCKPORT . ^—A lectura was delivered in the Association Room , 1 Bombers' Brow , on the evening of Sunday last , by Mr . P . M . Brophy fraui Dublin . A 8 HTON-UWDEP .-I » YNE . —Mr . Dxon , from Manchester , delivered a lecturu in tho Association Room , on Sunday J evening last , to a very respectable audience .

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      Leeds Cokn Mabket , Tuesbat October 1 . — Tho supply of grain to this day ' s Market is . smaller than last week , but a good show of samples frem vessels near at hand . Fine dry New Wheat has fully supported last week ' s prices , but no improvement ia other descriptions , nor ia Old . The Masters have not yet begun working , and the demand for Barley is limited . In Oats and Beans little alteration . THE AVERAGE PRICES OF WHEAT , FOR THE WEEK . ending October I * 1844 . Wheat . Barley ; Oats . Rye . ' Beans . Peas , Qra . Qrs . Qrs . Qrs . Qrs . Qr * . 2137 199 293 4 342 20 £ . s . d . £ a . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d .

      2 8 0 | 1 15 4 $ 1 1 4 * 1 14 8 I 18 1 £ 1 16 0 Leeds Woollen Markets . —Theie is a continued slackness in the demand for manufactured goods , at the Cloth Halls , at which places stocks are very low , and most of the clothiers being engaged to order , they are not likely to increase . Trade , in all its branches , is brisk , and in the warehouses there is a large business doing . Malton Cob-n Mahket , Sept . 22 . —We had a good supply of all kinds of grain to this day ' s market . Wheat and Barley without alteration in value ; Oats tbe turn lower . —Wheat , red , 4 § 3 to 503 ; old , SOi to 52 s ; ditto , white , ' 503 to 54 = ) ; old , 52 s to 58 s per qr of 40 stones . Barley 30 s to 33 s per 32 st . Oats 9 ^ d to lOd per stone .

      London Corm Exchange Monday September 30 . —Daring th ^ past week the arrivals of all kmds of grain up to our markets , coastwise as wel ) as by land carriage , were , compared with those of some previous periods , rather limited , but of full average quality . Fresh ud only a moderate quantity of wheat , nearly the whole of which was of the present year ' s growth came to hand from Essex and Kent , as well as Suffolk ; hence the stands were rather scantily filled with samples of that grain . The attendance of millers being numerous , the finest qualities of English wheat were in somewhat active request , at fully , in some instances a trifle , beyond , the prices obtained oa Monday last , at whioh the whole was disposed of . In all other descriptions a steady basiness was doing

      and last week ' s currencies were readily supported . All fears respecting the harvest may now be considered as at an end , for , with the exception of a few patches of oats and beans , in the most northern districts , the whole of the grain has been secured in England . The quantity of free Foreign Wheat on offer was by no means large ; indeed , many speculators have withdrawn their samples from the market for the presunt . For most descriptions of that article the sale was steady , at prices fully equal to to those paid on this day se ' nnight . Bonded Grain , however , was a mere drug , and almost nominal ia value . Of English Barley the show was not large , but the supply of foreign was tolerably extensive .

      The trade was , on the whole , steady , particularly with the best English malting parcels , and prices were well supported . The supply of Malt was by no means large , and most of the parcek found buyers at full currencies . Of Oats the show was extremely small , in consequence of the non-arrival of tho vessels from Ireland . Ail kinds moved off freely , and last week's rates were fraely paid by the dealers , who took nearly the whole o ? the arrivals . Beans , of all kinds , were in steady inquiry aV full quotations . In Peas but little was doin « , yot prices were supported . The Flour trade was rather dull , at late rates . Linseed and Rapeseed were in demand at full prices . Ia other kinds of see'ls but little was doing .

      London Smithfield Cattle Market . —There was exhibited one of the largest bullock supplies almost ever recollected to have been brought forward at this period of the year , not less than 1 , 900 short horn 3 having been received from the northern counties , with comparatively larger arrivals from other quarters . Notwithstanding , however , the extent of the supply , the increase of which has , unqueationbly , been caused principally from the shortness of winter keep , its general quality was tolerably good , while very few instances of disease were noticed amongst any breed . Tne attendance of both London and country buyers was numerous , yet the Beef tiadewasina very sluggish state . However , the primest sorts were disposed of at 3 s lOd per 8 lb ?«

      being 2 d under the quotations obtained on Monday last . All oth « r kiuds of beasts—a clearance of which was not effected—suffered fully that amount of depression , with a very heavy sale . During the pasfc week the imports of foreign stock have been large , they having amounted to 80 oxen and cows , together with 15 sheep , in the port of London from Rotterdam ; 12 oxen ano cows at Hull from Hamburgh ; and 4 oxen at Southampton , from Spain . The supply here to day , was composed of 40 Dutch beasts , in tha quality of which a slight improvement over previous importations w * s noticed . The prices obtained varied from £ 18 to £ 19 each , Tbe above , added to previous arrivals , makes tho total imports this year as under : — London ... 1 , 400 oxen and cows . Liverpool 80 „

      Hull , 629 „ Southampton 168 „ Devonp ^ rc 50 „ Total 2 327 head . Of Sheep , abum 360 head have come to hand in the course of the season . From Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and Northampton . ^' iira we received 1 . 900 short horns ; from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , 400 Scoss and Home-breds ; from the western and midland counties , 600 Herefords , Devor . a , runts , &c . ; from other parts of England 400 cf various breecis ; from Scotland 200 horned and polled Soots ; and from Ireland 40 Beasts . The numbers of Sheep were again rather extensive , owing to

      which , and the dead markets being well supplied with Mutton , the demand for this kind of stock waa v ry inactive . In ? ome few instances the primest Downs found buyers at the prices obtained on Monday last , or from 3 ^ 101 to 4 s ' per 8 tbs ; but tha value of all other breeis declined quite 2 d per 81 bs . Lambs being now qure out of season , wo hava discontinued to quote them . The Supply of Calves was good , while the Veal tra'de wus in a . very dcpr «? icd state , at barely stationary prices . Prime smali Porkers were quite as dear , but other qualities wero a dull sale .

      Wool Market . —The series of sales , which commenced on Tuesday last , and which have been in progress during tne whole of the week , have , notwithstanding the quaatifcy lo be offered , amounting to 23 , 0 ' 0 bales , been well attended by dealers . The quantity put up at auction since our last has comprised 5 , o 00 packages , about 5 000 of which have sold at prices quite equal to those obtained at the previous auctions . These sales witl not be brought to a conclusion before the 9 , h of October . The imports for tho week have been only about 800 bales . Privately very little is doing at laterates .

      Borough Hop Market . —There ia rather an extensive supply of New Hops on offer in our market , but a very small portion is of good quality . Selected samples arein demand , at rather improved quotations : bat other kinds are a dull sale . In . Yearling and gr > od Old Hops a fair business ib doing , at late rates . New Kent pocketsure selling at from £ 7 7 s to £ 8 83 ; Choice Slid Keat , £ 10 10 * to £ 11 lls : Nsw Sussex pockets , £ 6 183 to £ 7 10 a per cwt . Very little is doing in the duty , which is still called £ 130 , C 00 , 1843 ' . s r—Sussex pockets , £ 5 8 * to £ 6 8 i : Ean . Kent ditto , £ 7 53 to £ 10 lls ; Mid Kent , ditto , £ 7 to £ 9 ' , Ditto , bags , £ 7 to £ 8 83 . Borough and Spitalfields . —The arrivals of Potatoes at the waterside since our last report hav 9 beeen rather limited—they not having exceeded 260 tons < 90 being from Jersey . The supplies offering , however , are aea-onably good , and we have a fail demand at from £ 2 15 s to £ 5 10 . per ton ,

      Tallow Market . —This market continues in tha same dull state ia which it has been for some timo past , and although the arrivals are Bmall , compared with tho two last years , still priccsehowno tendency to advance . As the cold weather approaches tha consumption will increase , and then probably prices will advauca . Town Tallow is in good demand . Manchester Corn ^ Iarket . —Saturda y , Sept . 28 . —During the week choice qualities of Flour contmued to meet a steady sale , at fully previous rates ; but for inferior sorts the d < . mand was very trifling . OfttS

      and Oatmeal were in good request , and the former anicla realized rather higher prices . At our market this uioruing , only a limited amount of business ffw transacted in Wheat buc in the value of anj description no alteration can be noted . PriB * qualities of Flour comniauded a fair sale at fully tw curre /; cy of this day se ' iinigbt ; but all other a *" were still neglected . For Oats there was a ste& ^ J demand , and an advance ol Id . per 45 lbs . must W noted . A moderate iuqury waa experienced »** Oatmeal , without variation from the rates of tfliS

      day week . Liverpool Corn Market . —Monday , Sept . 30 . — The week's imports of Grain , &c . either of home or foreign produce are light ; the duties on the latter are changed by an advance of Is . per quarter on Peas , and a decline of la . per quarter on Barley ; the latter being now at 3 i ., tho former at 33 . 6 d . per quarter . The business since this day se nmgjf has on the whole been of limited amount ; foreign Wheat has maintained the prices then noted for taa general runs , whilst the finer descriptions nav& realised rather more money , ia some instances 24 . per tusfasl . Irish new . however , has receded in vaioa 2 d . to 3 d . per bushel ; very good red was sold on Friday at 6 s . 6 d . to 63 . 7 d . per 70 tt » . Sack FIoo * has met a moderate demand at previons rates jib Canadian not much done . Oats continuing in verj scauty supply , have brought Id . to 2 d . a-busbel aWJ © the rates of this dav se ' nnight , but Oatmeal again

      meeting Ie 33 inquiry , has declined 3 d . » Ioaa , »<* alteration made as regards Barley , Beans , or reas . LiVfiRPjoi . Cattle Market , Monday . Sept . W . - We have had a heavy supply of all kinds of stooB at market to-day , the greatest portion of seoond-raw quality , which met with dull h ^ v *™?! ,, * numerous attendance of bnyers . Beef 5 jJ , k > M < i . .. Richmond Corn Market , Sept . 28 » 7 ^ *? 7 a large supply of Grain in oar market to-day vynew sold from 63 to 7 s . ; Oata 2 s 6 d to 3 s 6 d . ; Barley 4 a W ii 3 d . Beans ; 5 a to £ s 3 d . per buabiL

      Market Intelligence.

      MARKET INTELLIGENCE .

      North American Land Agency.

      NORTH AMERICAN LAND AGENCY .

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      NEGLECT OF 0 ENIUS , AND POVERTY OF LITERATURE . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —From having observed your late articles on the Bufferings of genius ; » s examplitlsrt in the poets Burns and Thorn , and acquiescing in their justice , I am in * duced to throw together a few remarks on a mere general view of the subject , knowing that if they do not entirely meet your approbation , you will at least acknowledge their general truth . However horrified we way be at the undeserved misery endured by those men , sso irnibt feel that they are nut isolated cases j and that " many a flower ia , born to blush unseen , " when even those who are known are quietly given up to starvation . Well may we aak , ?; ot why the poor are poor , but , wfcy half-witted dolta roll and riot in the would'a luxuries , wliil © he who beats so brightly the impsss of his Creator is left to pine and perish by the way-sido ? Th a is not an unimportant question ; but it is one which I do not fcel prepared to answer .

      Bat we may also ask , is tho mantle of genius beetowed on a poor man only to mr > rk him out from his feilowwretches as an object of especial want ? The reply is £ 00 often— Yes . Why cannot he earn his bread aa well as the possessor of any common handicraft ? Because the citadel of literature is hermetically closed a&ainst him— j Pride and impudence , iii faction knit , Uaurp the chair of wit !" and there iano fair play for his tilents , under whatever form he may hive rectiveii them . He has not the means to bring himself into notice ; and though he maybe even known to fame , and his geuiua acknowledged , as was that of Burns , unless ho possesess sufficient cuaning to mase it profitable , it avails him little , and he finds the " horrors of al gaol" staring him in the face . And though he may say with Ben JuDson ,

      " Warm thee by Pindar " s fire . " his children perish of cold on the bleak highway . It may be Baid that there are many chunces now for a man of literary talent—tbo newspapers , the ruontM-y magazines , and bo' forth—and that tbe public is ready to appreciate and reward any raode-. ate aD-. ^ u r . t of ability . It is quite t-ue that litera ure was never bitter paid for than at the present day , but gemus has nothing at all to do with it . Let us look round r . t tbe heaps under which the press groans hourly , au « ; ufc ourselves—where i ia it ? Where can we poiat out , with very few exceptioes , anything that will live beyond the moment of its creation ; more epl ^ oiyral than the butterfly , without one atom of its beiuty . We can oasily convince ourselves that there ia little U . cnt in

      connection with the newspaper press ; for who a that little Is , bow conspicuous it appears , and bow a'c . - -s 3-fully has that journal been upheld by it , deapi . e its excessive baseness 1 And who that paya auy attention to the mass of vapidness poured out monthly , bub m-aot acknowledge that it is nothing more thdu a coc ^ ai . t iteration of subject , and that its cloud of locust writers have eaten up every green thing years ago ! Why < h > I mention this ? To shew that this scare-crow poverty of literature is a direct consequence of the negU ct of him who has nothing more than his talent to recoic uu . na him . There is no sympathy for ragged and unknown genius Amongst those whose trade—for it is neither an art nor a science—^ is newspaper writing . They will have nothing to say to ] him under any shape . I can state

      from my certain knowledge that the most democratic , moat levelling of jour metropolitan press will not condescend to notice , ! not even to conde « nn the productions of a poor writer , because it ia ' got up" in suoh > a way oabia means only allow ; because it does not come before them with glittering cover or the freemasonry of some great publisher ' s name on the title-page . I would cast no rtfleotion on the sincerity of their avowed principles , but somehow or other , the aristocratic hoof peeps out there . What j different treatment from the praise lavished on the stark nonsence of a private friend or boon-companion tj His infatuation muBt be great indeed , if he know anything of tbe matter , that would expect encouragement from the magazine ? . The writings of unknown authors are not needed in those shops , though none of them , with the exception of the Dublin University , have the hone&ty to say so . It ia the name which is wanted by the proprietor of a periodical—for that he

      payc—let the matter fallow . Besides which , if there be any opening , there is always a hungry hoBt clinging to the Editorial skirts , eager to fill the vacancy . Suppose be takes his ' work' to a publisher ? Alas ! the name of lordt ori marchioness , or W . P ., or a draft for the expenses of bringing it out , possesses all tho fascination for the publisher—small blame to him ! He has "ne eye" for genius . Thus it is , tbe poor author , no matter how great hid abilities , finds every iiigrcsa closed apon him ; and oven when one of his own tribe forces through , there is every chance that he will turn ronnd to repair or defend the breach of his owxi making . He feels that could he appeal to the public , thty —the most merciful , and yet the most just , of judgeswould decide in bia favour ; but there is no he pa of that , and he prostitutes his talents , or throws down the pen in despair ; iperchance his name is beard of—but it is in wretchedness .

      It has been asserted that a man should only , take up liteisiture as an amusement . This is an absurdly false position . It is little short © f a recommendation to the Almighty to bestow genius on man only as he is possessed of land ; to measure out his intellectual gifts to human beings according to their amount of inheritance In the funds . How often is genius given as a compensation for some physical deformity ? I would ask Scott—it is he who said so , I believe , or Byron , or Pope . There are Borne now living who could answer , hew they would have felt , if thus condemned to the pick-axe and barrow for their bread—if poverty bad interdicted them from the legitimate use of their talents J '

      I must hasten to a osnclusion , but not without glancing across the Atlantic There we find many , if not all , tbe facilities for entering on a literary career *; and there are no off-sconrings of charity schools con > pelled to eudgel their dull brains for a livelihood . And what is the consequence ? Why , that if there be anything original pertaining to tbe present day , it is in America it has first , seen the light . But let us arguo as we will , on this and like subjects , our conclusions must all tend to the one grand point . This is but one eruption of a diseased system . The question of literature is 110 trivial one . It has long been the anchor on which hope exists . When will genius meet its juat reward ? When will man be permitted to live in the land that gives him birth ? I believe that tile one must be the instrument of obtaining the other ; and trust that tbe days of both are ! net distant * I NEMO ,

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      g THE NORTHERN STAR . ______ October 5 , 1844 .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1844, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1283/page/6/