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\$X>?ltV>.
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Qthictog.
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MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE ATTLD AIK TREE . lbs subjoined lines are frcm the pen of the "Irish gul " Those Terses on the Boras Festival appeal el in our pro * jjnuiarj accouBt « f that great meeting . They attracted Hie attention of Colonel and Slajor Bums , sons of the Poet , "who in company with Mr . Anld , Doonbrae , -with a aiKrimSnation and feeling that did them honour , soug ht her ont in her humble abode , and having paid their respeela to her , left her a guinea tach , as an acknowledgment of their appreciation of her talents and jjmpaihy fox hsr nubefiiended situation . —Ayr A&cer
We must add something to the foregoing . ' Our radeiB frill Ttmember that in the Star of the 14 th of September , appeared a number of verses , giving a- sort of auto-biographical listen of the " Irish Girl "; the Bnei appeared "without any title , thongh ire can hardly say without a headiEg , as they -were introduced to our readers by some prefatory remsris of our own . It appears , however , tint the lines should hate appeared as "Indicated to Da-Fid Anld , Esq ., © r Doonbrae . " The omission -was not our fault : Etiil -we regret it as -we hare reason to know that tie gentleman in question has , by his gecerons acts , rendered himself entitled to feneral approbation . We understand that Mr . Anld was one of the first to patronise the " Irish Girl , "
andthat he has ccritureed his kind assistance to the present time . We are informed that the " Irish Girl" is at the Ayr academy ; and that f-r this , and many ether acts of Jdndaess » be is indebted to Mr . A . UW , To fill -lrbo ba-re drank at " rCungo ' s "Well , " and p&JSftd an hour in solemn pleasure and delifht on the banks of Doon , —and we have enjoyed that pleasure , —Mr . Auld ' a Waned taste and gentlemanly urbanity must be well knows ; and it affords us great pltainre to be abU thus to make known that that gentleman exhibits the sincerity of his homage for the mighty dead by his jwtronage and gaceroHS aid given to the bumble and struggling fcTing . May his noble example be generally fcHowed . —Ed . A -S . re /
How thought awakeEs thought 'Neath this Anld Aik Tree—Wi' pain and pleasure fraught : For this Auld Aik Tree , "With a necromantic power , Can coEJure up each hour Spent in childhood ' s h 3 ppy bowt ? 'Keath this Auld Aik Tree . Tfce -rery fcrct r ^ tbst plays Round this Add Aik Tree , Seems to breathe of ether days 'Seath this Auld Aik Tree , — When our hearts beat . glad and light As the stream wi' glory bright Dances do"sru from height to height , Through this Auld Aik Tree . Tonne bounding bosoms met 'Keath this Auld Aik Tree , And fancy Bees them yet
J 2 ic * th this Auld Aik Tree ; Each youthful brow s » e fair , Gleaming glad neaih braided hair , Unknown to pain or care , * 2 f bath the Auld Aik Tree , Ah 2 that was life ' s young morn 'Nsath this Auld Aik Tree ; And our hearts were then nntarn ¦ "Nesth this Auld Aik Tree ;—AD -sras then one sunny spring , Then -we felt no sorrow ' s Sting—There wasnoneht our heart to wriuj , 'Zf eath ttis Auld Aik Tree . And now J l ove to hide 'Neaih this Auld Aik Tree ; And who wenid dare to chide When this A&ld Aik Tree As dose to niEnVry clings , As the Tery ivj rings , That nature co il s an' flings , B ^ und this Auld Aik Tree ?
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- ^^— - THE TOMB OF WASHINGTON . pie foHow ! ng beautiful lines are extracted from " The l&tteS Oferivg , " a work composed entirely of contrUmtJons from the factory girls of Lowell , New England . He sleeps there in the midst of the Tery simplicities of Nature . " There let him sleep , in Nature ' s arms , Bey Well-btloTcd , her chosen cbiid— , There " mi * the Irving , qaiet charms Of that stqusstertd wild . He would bave chosen £ nch a f pot , Twas jit that they sh » uid lay him there , Away from all the haunts of care ; The world disturbs him not . He sleeps full sweet in his retreat—The place is consecrated ground ; It Ie not meet nEhillowtd feet Shculd tread that sacred mound .
Be lies in pomp—not of display . 2 fo useless trappitgs grace his biei ; 2 for Idle woiSe—they must not say What treasures duster here . The pemp of nature , wild and free , Adorns our hero ' s lowly "bscS ; And gently bends above hia head The weeping laurel tr > e . In glory ' s day he shunned display , Ard ye may not bedeck him now ; Bri Nature may , in her own way , Be lies in pomp , net sculptured BtOEf , 2 Jor chiseled marble—rain pretence . The nilory of his dt els alone Is his magnificence .
His country ' s love the meed he won : ¦ He bore it with him down to death , Unsullied e ' en by slander ' s breath—His country ' s sire and son . Eer hopes and fears , her s-miles and tears , Were each his own . —He gave hiB land His earliest cares , his choicest years , And led tsr cc-rquering band . He lies in j omp—not pemp of war . H « fought , but fought not for renown ; He triumphed , yet the Tractor ' s star Adorned no regal crown . His bonemr was his country ' s weal ; Prom i S htr neck the yoke be tore—It was euonch , he asked no more . His generons heart could feel 2 ? o low desire for king ' s attire ;
With brother , friend , and country blest , He could aspire to hon nrs higher Than kinsiy crown or cresi . He lies in pomp—bis burial-place Than sculptured stone is richer far ; For in the heart ' s deep lore we trace His name , a golden * lar . WtereTer pstrio&m breathes , His memory is devoutly shrined In every pure and sifted mind ; And history , with wreaths 01 fifealhltas feme , ectwines that name , Which evermore , beneath all skies , like vestal iame , thall lire the same ; For virtue ntTer aits . Thf la let him rest— 'tu a srsreet spot ; Simplicity becomes the great—But Yemen ' s son is not forgot , Thcugh sleepbag not in state .
There , wrapped in his own dignity , Bis presence mskes it hallowed gronnd , And Nature throws her charms around , And o ' er him smiles the sky . There let his * rest—the noblest , best ; The labours of his life all done-There let him res t , the spot is blessed—Thegra-reof Washisgios . Adelaide .
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" ^ v ° ??^ OF THE VARIOUS SOCIAL il ^ TEAlS AKD COMMUNITIES WHICH HATE BEES FOUNDED ON THE PRINTvS ^ -n 01 " CO-OPERATION . WITH AN aXB ODUCTORY ESSAY , &o . London : iongmaa , Ac At the pr ^ ent moment , when the " Condition-ofxaglaiid Qaestfon" fonss tie subject of SHbject 3 for * rites and oTitors— -ffheu , day bj day , the dinrna ^ derotes celumn to the
pr after colBmn exposing w tae 5 or « which are festeing in the Tery heart of Uie cojsmoEWeakh— -K-tea £ Ten the selfish and ^ oante lords of the eoU axe beginning to discuss « ie snffenngs of iheir wretched serfs—when Yoang * Bgland declares that Uis time the peasantry were "stored the rights wrested from them by iheir rapacious lords—srheD , in short , men ' * miadB » A * e agit » ted wua the knowledge tb * t misery , wirfe-Bpreid *^ fj , does exist , and not lees " hv tbpir io-. nor * nea
W whatshcnld be done to alleviate and JSaally extir-P » e Uiat orisery , the appe&rince of this woi'k la •^ -tinied , and cannot fafl toiet all well-dispo-sed » a mto whose handB it maj fall thinkine mt ^ &u ffi 0 [ e dee P y thaB the J *™ herftofor ^ s ^ sasstiKf 0 ^ raai y " ^ £ te principle of co-oper * tion , or at ut rate So-^^ a , under -which rams the principle of late 7 »» has deTdoped itself , has been much talked of . S £ »« *»*» Mjl > eeii littl . nnderstood , aoreeipe . r « jj oy those who were loHdest in its
eondemna-* fnf n- ' P «*™ HBg no doubt to call themflelTes 4 s ^ fe ' " inTn # d n P their n 05 e » at R Socialism " « » teetning new-fangled , KTolting , and inianej ^« ttngmiDg taat the contemned principle adyo-» j eo bo md pstrionsly and perseTeringly by Robert ywen and bos diBciples , though dignified by them K » rW ^ f 5 ^ no new Principle , bBt on the ^ TO had deTeloped itself more or less in a £ ^ or forms in nearly all ceratrieB , and was SSv " ™ af not ftU J turned out ) by ^ ^ sr ^ fs ^^ ^ ' ^
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The nature of the work before us is folly stated m us title . It gives an M ontline" or sketch of the different Focial systems , which founded on the principle of co-operation , baTe bren devised , attempted to be earned cnt , or hs . Te existed , or continue to exist m the present cay . This iketch was writ ten by the late AIaet Bimill , of Hacktcy , ace first appeared as an appendix to a wcrk fmilled " The Philosophy of Necessity " , published in 1841 . Tbe w ^? r d j ed of consumption in 1 843 ; and the separate pnblication of this work is nndertakun as a tribute to her memory , by the party for whom it was compiled , " and who , for years had been a witness to her untiring zeal and energy in llie cause ot truth , and m tbe promotion of every otjict which appeared to her strcng intellect to lead to the advancement and happiness of mankind . "
The "introductory essay" has been published separately under the title of " The organisation oi Industry , " and was revived in a rtct-m number cf this journal . The rest of the work comprising the " Outline" it is impossible to give an analysis of . It must be read to be understood and appreciated . Of modern ccnrmucistB , and partii ^ ns of the principle of cc-opersiion , the most interesting descriptions are those of the "Rappitts , " the "St . Simomans , " "Founemm , " *' Socialism , " the experiments at Orbision , Ralahine , ice ., & . c . The description and account of each of these sects aiid experiments is written in an impartial and truth-seeking spirit , and will well n . ward ill who thirsting afur knowledge are desirous of bta . min £ coi ; v « jsant with a question
oa ihe foiuuen of which depends ibe fuiuro h » j , pi . ness or misrry of ihe human race . We must remark that we thick ihe prnent " Outlinu" somewhat imperfect . There is a ; kck of order acd arrangement of its contents , and the history of several interesting experiments and specnlatioLS are tither dismissed with a few worda or left altogether unnoticed . Thus nothing is said of the Communists of France who 4 issent from Fourieiism , yet who we believe comprise a numerous body ; nor of the German and Swiss Communists . Again , there ie scarcely a notice given of the great schemes of
rtferm propounded by the Frer-ch Revolutionists , most of which tended towards Communism . The famous conspiracy of Babeuf , immortalised in the narrative of Bnonarotti , is not even Estntioned . These omissions and defects a future historian of the " Co-operative Principle" may make good ; and any writer disposed to take up the subject would find in this work good data to commence with , and much of the greatest importance to a ^ dst him . In the meantime we heartily recommtnd this most interesting and useful work to our readers , as ? imng them that they will find within its pages " pear is of great price . "
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conne with their feJlow creatures , the compulsory reflection , and tbe feeling either of suppressed revenge or of remorse , which muat occupy the minds of mtn so placed ; that the braii a « f these individuals have been utterly uncultivated in their higher parts , and that tbe sole development of intellect has been in the animal wisdom called cuLBiBg , and rendered subservient to the merest animal appeti ' es and inatlrcts : let us consider these things , and then say if we might not reasonably expect some instancss of suicide , and seme of idiocy and insanity . Did they occur in tbe proportion of one in fifty , it would form no valid objection to the systtm , if the iforty-nuje ¦ were manifestly btttered by the discipline ; lot , with intellectual organs s © perveredy educated , it conld hardly be » xpected that even a large prepc-ition should be capatle of real menUl reform . fA ;>
-Well ! No case of tuicide bug ocenrred ! although Bueh was confidently expected ; and in eighteen months there have been three cases of iosDiiity , two of ¦ which bad the chaiacter of imbecility , and wbich I cannot but think were aggravated by tbe imperfect nutriment wbich vaeat first allowed . One of thtee three cases Was evidentl y ncimitted inprcprrly at first ; but if we allow all the tbrte to have bien produced by the severe educational discipline of tbe prison , it amounts to two per annum in five hundred : not even the propertion to which the tasie individuals wcu'd have been liable in a state of freedom , with the bahits of intemperance , deb&ncbery , ard irregularity pecuiiat to their class . Yet there ate csufes of mental imbecility peculiar to solitary conflitmmt which caccot be
dis-CUESed Cjram JJllfc / lC * . That tneb un Incredibility small number of sick should exist in this prisoD , and so few * bonld become imbecile under such discipline , speuks highly for the judgment with which the general 1 > wb of the priBon have , teen framed , and for the tkill and attention of tbe accomplished and sagacious pbjsitf&n , Dr . Owen Re-ea . Now , before we enter on tbe moral discipline by which the grand aud philanthropic ol jfcc ' . s of the prison arrangements are accomplished , let us take a glance at tbe pbycic&l means which ate to ei tble the culprii to sustain the shock of a total disruption of all bis habits and feelings . It ie hsidly necessary in the present day to urguo tbe absolute necessity of competent focd if the mind is to bt kept in a sttti capable of instruction—still ; more if under the depressing
infiuence of solitary confinement . gk t ^ , The dinner . which I saw distribnfed ^ onsisted of a pin * t of good Ecup—as gded as is found at the table of a tradesman— five oncces of bread , one pound cf potatneB , and four ounces of t aeat , weighed i . fter being coofeed and diverted of fccne , making it nearly equivalent to half a pound of undressed meat with the average quantity of boac ~ an allowance considered sufficient in tie domestic economy of large families—an excellent dinner , and vastly better than can be erjoyed every day by the family of thelfibonring man . Breakfast consists of three quarters of a pint of oeoa , made with threequarters of an cuEce of tbe solid flake , two oucGes of
milk { real milk ) and six drachms of treacle ;—a very grateful beverage ; with this he is allowed ten ounces of , hTead . His supper is a pint of gruel with six diacfcms of treacle , and five ounces of bre « id . As the soup contains a good deal of barley , it forms an important portion ef the nourishment , which would be a very abundantallowance for a labourii g man out of prieoi-, and maEter of his own time . Tbireis no fermented fluid -whatfvtr showed to the prisoners ; their drink 1 b perhEps the purest and beet water to be foui d in the World ; it is drawn by an artesian well from a depth of tlrce hundred and teventy-fett . End is forced up to the top of = h » prison hy pnmps worked fey tbe priionbra : from tbtnee it is cOTiflucted by pipes into every c » 11 . ; i
For this generous but unstiraulating diet ( for the quantity at leaat ) the prisoners are indebted to tbe Bourio judgment and humanity of the medical ( fficer , Dr . On en Rtes . No man better knows that to keep the train in a state fit to receive instruction , it must be wtll i onmbed ; that whtcyou call on tbe intellectual organ for the higkest tffoitB of which it is capallt ) i * elf-re » tr 4 iut ) it is vain to expect attention to moral ir > j « tructUn while the stcmech is unsaUisfied , and the faintness of iDstfflcient UfcurifchmeBt renders the mind either listless or savage ; and that if tbe cl j < rct is to be obtained of real reformsticn , it must be by the
exercise of a bealtby brain . I give him great credit for his perseverance in obtaining tbe present improved diet , and even thick that there would be an advantage in tbe addition of half a pound of potatoes to the dtnter , and three ounces more of ireaO t « . tbe supper . TtU all will ledonethat an enlightened j * dment shall dictate , there is no dcubt , as long as be is permitted to regulate the debdls which come strictly wiihiii his depamufcct . The dtpreHhig effects of confiEtment atd tha absence or fotial inttrcormej would toon bring on mental imbec ^ ity , were not the food of a wholesome , palatable , and nntritious description . The moral being is contaicf d in tbe physical being a « the kernel in its shell .
W htn the first diet was established , 1 fear the governors permittee ! themselves to be too much ii fluenced by tbe "fourth Estate of thia realm , " and thut the babbie about the injustice of allowirg a criminal better feed than could be obtained by an honest man in fre edom , tsercn-Tig a fair portion of mduhtry— that this consideration did really lead to tbe adoption of a diet which ¦ wonld have piodnctd » gential imbecility , if not iBBsnity . Tbe preitnt allowacce ftKounts to twtotyeightonnceB of n e * t , one hundred and forty ounces of bread , three and a half pints of soup , seven pounds of potatoes , Jtc , per week ; while thiit which was in meat the opening of the prison in December , 1842 , was only twenty oncces of meat , one hundred and t wenty ounces « f bread , two and a half piuts of scup , two and a halfpcuDds of potatoes , Ac , the only addition to thiB beinc four onr . ces of cheese .
On tbis diet the prisocers in one month thowed the follo-wiDg reHuita on being weighed : —sixty-two per e « et lost Jn weight , tTrenty-six per cent jatned in weight , and fwelTe per cent neither g « ined uor lost ; so that me k-rerojre i o *» on th « ¦ wb » Ie number waa two and three- quarter pounds . This , it is obviouB , must have ultimately led to death by starvation of all who were cf a t . t- to require a larger quantity of food . Sixry-two per cent of this class losing weight at the rate of five pounds per month . ' —it was frightful . Death by starvation was not the punishment intended by the legislature—neither 1 b the discipline of the prison , strictly speakirg , a portion of the punishment—all are to complete their sentence of traneportation ; but the object was to » end out to the Colonies not a set of imbecile helpless beings ^ but vigorous and beslt by mtn capable of benefitting tbe Colonies as well as themselves
Tbe preEent diet bbowb the following result : sixteen per cent lost in weight , sixty per cent gained , and the remainder neither paired nor lost , The average gairj and loss were respectively in the proportion of 184 to 158 , so that it mayjbe considered as exactly balanced . I may here remark eu tbe immense value of these accial statistics . I shall , ky and by , have occasion to speak of the results of ik-9 moral , physical , Bud medical treatment on health . 1 do not deubt that \ hb vast body of information thus collected , as well as that from the union poor-houses , will ultimately lead to the most important results , and that the physical and mural txisteace of the race will in another generation or two , be inproved beyt-nd tbe hopes of tbe sanguine . Let us bow consider tbe moral discipline of the prison , and tbe distribution of labour . In every cell is tbe following notice in large type :
" Prisoners admitted into the Pentonville PriEon wilj have an opportunity ef being taught a trade , and of receiving sound moral and religious instruction . They will be transported to a petal colouy in classes , as follow ! i—FlHST CLJSS . —Prisoners who shall , when sent from this prison , be reported by the governor and chaplain to have behaved weli These , at the end of eighteen months , will be sent to "Van Diem en ' s Land , to receive a ticket of leave on landing , which , unt il forfeited by bad conduct , will in that country confer most of the advantages of freedom . Labour being in great demand , and Wages , therefore , high , the prisoner ' s knowledge of a trade will enable him , with industry and continued good conduct , to recure a comfortable and respectable position in society . Prisoners who obtain tickets of leave may also , by industry and good conduct , acquire , in a short time , means sufficient to enable families to follow them .
Secokd Class . —Prisoiiera who have not behaved well . —These , also , at the end af eighteen months , will be transported to Tan Diemen ' s Land , where they will receive a probationary pasB , which will secure to them only a limited portion of their earnings , will admil of their eDJoyiag only a email portion of liberty , and will subject them to many restraints and privations . Thibd Class . —Prisoners who have behaved ill . — These will be transported to Tasman ' a Peninsula , a penal colony , occupied only by convicts and a military guard , there to be employed on public works in probationary gangs , without wages , and deprived of liberty , and their families will not be permitted under any circumstances to follow them .
Prisoners will see how much depends on their own conduct during their confinement in this prison . According to their behaviour and improvement here , will be their future condition in the coloi y to which they will be eent " Here are strong motives 1 Hope smileB on all , and cheers their solitary labours . Bat this influence is not the only one , although the Biiongest— tbe fear of punishment—tbe certainty of punishment , and the proximity of punishment , and net tbe severity of punishment—here ia the great secret , patent enough , and long ago laid down by philosophers as tbe most itfintntial on human conduct , but stroBgly neglected in oar practical jurisprudence .
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A BOWL OF "PUNCH . " X 1 SSB . T AM 0 K 6 ST IHE PLOWEBS . Esther Pierce , another pallid victim of the needle , wa » charged at Worship-street , with illef al pawning . Tes—fsmine took he * to the pawnbroker with the goods of a Mr . JohnHaiden , of f 3 , Bread-street , Cheapside . Either Pierce was employed to embroider a silk shawl with flowers—with no less than eighty silken bloisoms—f or the sum of < 5 d ! Well , this was a hard dsy ' s work ; bringing something less than a halfpenny an hour . The jotreg woman had neither foed nor drink ; and so , with misery and famine at her heartin the very dwrpair « f biting hunger— Bbe took Mr . John Balden * property to tbe pawnbroker , She is urged , tempted —« or « ly tempted beyond tho power of suffering nature to withstand—to commit erime , to make beralf a feloD , by the miserable wages awarded
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hereby * ii 9 jfradesn . ea of Breal-stmt . acheipalde . Bread street J-Thett i » a cruel irony eYen in tke address i * * . - BOB * &&& ? & Theie is a soc ' etj-ali honoured be its objecf-fer the relief and conversion of miserable young women , C at , eed 8 upoa th « ««« - *» the wretched Magdalen , despised , outraged , degraded . This society calls with Ihe voice of comfort to the defiled creature , sr , d tencheB her , in goodly season , modesty , self-respeot . She is snatched from daily , hourly perdition , and re , stored to the de-osneies of life . She is no loujjer an animal , cursed with a soul . AH praise be to the institution that woTks this goodness . Yet , surely we think , the prlDciple of Wickedness must Snn and feug itself at tbe gatherings of this aoci « ty -must chuckle , as the devil only chuckles—when the
secretary , with grave face and self-eomplacent tone , reads the number of victims saved—of brands snatched fnm the fire— nnd turutd to worthy uses . We say , this same Wickedness must laugh at the small retail humanity of , kuch an in » timvion , when , as in mockery of it , there are thousands of young womsn tortured by the injustice of the world , by Ub mercenary , heartless taking into a life of infamy . A feeble philanthropy saves indeed a few wretches ; but then there is a Giant Injustice-iron-hearted son of avarice and trade—that driv e * hio crowds Into the street ; that makes them in a wild despair of heart—for bread ; horrid bread indeod so purchased—bind themselves to agony and shame ! Hew many fall-how many ^ uh heroic serenity of soul , their wounds bleeding Inwardly , pine from day to day , and at length wither Trom the earth , no mote accounted of than aotnmc flks ! And now and then
some haggard , wlite-lipped creature-some famishing , tether Pierce for the sake of & meal dares Newgate and [ the doom of a felon . And so it will be , until throughout | all society it shall be preached—not meekly mouthed , , but preached with a tenible , soul-submitting entrgy , I that there are holler things than poundB and shillings ; i that human soula are in very truth of more account than j bank paper . j Ebther Pierce ^ -our readers will rejoice at it—escaped prison , tbe benevolent pawnbroker ( we should have liked to chronicle his came ) giving up the shawl without payment—the shawl which contained the eighty flowers , worked for 6 J ! In ik * East they have a well-¦ known way of arranging flowers that , like words , they i may discourse a passion . Alia I what a story may the j eye of pity read in these eighty flowers , worked for a . ttbttr . 'Jn the oisp baud what cruel , selfish , iron-• t hearted tasking I On the other what misery , —what i weariness of life—what utter blanfene&a of all that should
! ; lomfort and sustuin toiling humanity ! | We-should like to know the particular eighty flowers } worked for 6 d by Esther Pierce for John Halden . Is j it possible that for such a tradesman any of them could be beart ' s-e&sti ? ! Mr . Halden , in a letter to the Times , says , that " he gives considerably more than Bixpenca" for such work ; but then , with the diffidence of genuine liberality , he does not specify how much more . Mr . Halden also observes , t * at the wretched story of EMbt-r Pierce is " calculated to do him serious injury " We do not think it unlikely . In conclusion , however , we would say to all whole-1 sMe dealers in embroidered shawls , give something more to femsle toil than sixpence for eighty flowers .
Somethmsr more , considerate rna-tera ! So that whilM ; your wretched slaves are working flowers , your own con-EC'cncesniay rot—for tbe after-time—be wortins ncttlss . The Vefk . Remcwstrance or ihe Mas in Brass •—To Mr . Aidekmaw Qibbs— -The last twenty ytora . Sir , I kme ul-w-aja been ;' one of the principal sights at tbe Lord Mayor ' s Shew , When I say this , I need : 't tell you that I am the man who rides in brats armour . 1 was brought up to the bar , but havin « , in cennquence of a fatal modesty of temperamert , failed as an Old Bailey pleader . I was compelled to make the most of my very fine figure by riding the high horse tvf-ry IHh of November in a complete suit of mail . Drilled the Old Baiiey bar , I nevertheless still thought 1 could profit by brass in some shape . I confess it I
hi-ve very often thcught mywlf elevat * d above my merits . When riding in state , and looking over the heads of certain Aldeinien , 1 have thought that nature bad created them with a larger claim to the brass than myself . Nevertheless , I have thought they had BufBcicnt opportunity of exhibiting their native metal on the magistrate ' s bench and at Guildhall meetings . Hereupon I did not feel wholly abashed at the un worthiness of my elevation . ' Ala * , Sir , now it is o-htrwise ! With you , elected sb Lord Mayor , my position is gone . It is impossible that I can stand against such rivalry . I fcball be no . nu . re thought of in tho ihj W than 80 much gvit gie ^ eibrea d . Those who deign to look at me Will turn away from my despised glories , as men turn away from bad money . " You tfce tnt-n in brass ! " they will cry , with contemptuous unbelief , " Pooh , pooh !—»
rascally counterfeit . " And then , Sir , thej will turn to a certain catriage , and with an exulting shout—a shout that , through ruy metal , must wither my very marrow —will acknowledge the presence of tho true thing the man of the greatest hrass in all famed London ' s city . I beseech you , Sir , think of my coEdition . Ltt me be phid . for I cannot forego tbe fee ; but , good Sir , dispense with my services on the coromg » ih of November . Wby should i fce set upon horseback , only to Bervo as a fiil to your surpassing meriUt ? Besides , to put metal upon roetul is led heraldry . Therefore , Sir , lbt me . on the important ninth , rtir . njn in the bosom of my family . Do not enforce my presence in the proces&ion only to coiquer me . As you are strong , be nerciful ; and so you shall tver have the sympathizing : idmiration of , You ? p , eclipsed , The Man in Brass .
Hurrah fob Hioh-iianded Justice . —We are elad to * et . that tbe wisdom of eur ancestors , as evinced in the puiishment of offenders , which , wo feared , had fallen into general contempt , codUbucs , Jn some favoured noohB of thete dominions , to govern the proceedings of the magistracy . A glorious case occurred at the Banbury Petty Stations . On « John Cvggint , labourer , was charged with an offence ngatnet the game laws . H « r » -i been seen , on the morning of the 1 st of September , wslking about in a stubble field with a gun . William Cowling , one of the Eirl of Jersey ' s lookers-out , saw him , the rascal 1 Cogging , to ba sure , bad no dog , nor did any game get up , neithei did ; he fire ; but witness touk his gun away . A stupid jury might have doubted whether he was fparrow Bhooting or not , or have believed hisstory , that ha was going to guard his potato orop . But he bad a true English magistrate to djal with , wh » was ton d (« p f » r the rogue . Mr . Matthawa
said it wbs painful to him to address the prisoner . Of conrae . Mr . Matthews , soya the Times reporter , is a clergyman , as vto ! l as a spotfcman ; and we may excuse the weakness , particularly as Mr . JMatthewa , smothering bis sensibilities , it flicted on the offender « penalty of ten pounds , and suid a distress warrant should be levied f « r the amount . Coggins declared that his goods would not fetch that raoney . TLen" said the just Matthews ( how well a malediction in a lay mouth would have sounded after the " Then ! " ) you stand committed for two months' hard labour . " Coggins * U 1 probably be ruined , with ; his wife and family , if he has any . This is the way to keep fellows in order . This is the method to ttsoh people what they are at . Would that our 'quireaircby had still the-making of the laws . Rogues would sson see what was what . O . for tbe good old days of the stocks , tbe pillory , and the gallows . Alaa I they scarcely ever hang anybody now !
Lovely Law . —Sarah Greengrave , a hungry girl , pulls a few turnips in a field near Matdatone . She is brought before the petty sessions , and fined fourpenoe for the turnips , With three-and-sixpefioe costs , and sixpence penalty . The crime ia aaaesiecl at sixpence , and the thief ia then robbed by law ( with a crape upon its face ) disguised as costs , of—three-and-Bix-pence 1 We ask . which is the greatest thief ? How often does some magistrate , with a Burgundy face , mouth it very solemnly on the necessity of tbe poor respecting the laws 1 With such cases as the above before us , why not preach respect for Sawney Bean , or any other childeater ?
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Tatning from the fashionable section we necessarily fall on the periodicals . These should be especially the foatereM of genius ; and yei ia all that motley oollecion , as many years s *> they are now in existence , what little haa appeared in sftpport of that title ! Certainly , in the myriad of periodical contributors , there ate a few , whom it would be invidious to mention , thnt wa might wish to see in better company ; but , for the grand majority , what haVe they benefltted society ? Society , did I say ? The ; write by the Bheet It ia also true enough that a few writ n of eminence tnvs been amongst them for a little time , but tbey did not rise out of tk-iui . However , if tbe periodicals contained much better matter thaii the ribald nonsense and purifcanicat essay 3 that fill them at pressBt , they are too dear at half-a-crown , at least for the "lower classes , properly so called , as th 6 jr carry the other cUssea on their shoulders ; a * i < 1 as it Is to thesa I would direct my returnkB , I shall tu » & at onca to the works intended for their use . \
O . a grand detect , it seems to me , has more er less run through all tbe publications for the million that have yet appearf . 1—namely , a want of sympathy with their reader ? . They have invariably been projected as profitable epecnMions , and by men who oared little whether society stood on its bead or its heels , provided their roagrz ' ne succ- ededi If there be any persoB amongst them desert ins ofj a better character , to him I can only say that ho hasjtaken the wrong method of making it manifest I Some laudable attempts h&Ye been made , from j time to time , by I ^ igh Hunt Bnd Citheia , to mould the Uete of tbe reading World after their own b ? arU , and , for some reason , in vain . The earth opened for each in it * tarn , and nothing was M % to toll the tale . Even Messrs Cl » n-
bers , a ! l-stcce * r ! ul aa thsy | have been , have lately discovered that thi'te was aj claim whom they did not reach , and aeveral nooks nnd comers which their cheap works had not penetriit « dj Accordingly farthing tracts are devised , and lo ! tfcB flirt number presents itself as the " Life of L' uis Phllitipe . " This is one of the new order of missiormrit-fl . But they are also intended for the libraries of prisons and workhouses—fit tracts for such places . Yet Messrs Ckambers are right . There is anether class of readers whom they have not reached , and I suspect will not reach ; and a numerous one too , if we may judge by tho quantity of matter prepared for their especial benefit Indeed it forms an ur . raistake . able section of our literature ; its staple is murder , aud it Is sold at the obeapeatrate . Why in one of these
publications a ptrson gets a dczan excellent murdsrs , or more , tor one penny . Thfnk of that—a dca-in substantial mnrders for a penny j j They are none of your cornmen pistolling * , nor hurraed , jobs ; but murders that give the readers ev-ry satisfactisn as to stabbing . hack-Ing , scattering brains , & . Q . ; ia fact , the worth of his money . I observed a few days ago aa exhibition against the w 11 b of the old Fleet prison , of a largo pio ture divided into six compartments , each representing a different murder . It proved to be the mode adopted for setting forth the reautiessof anew penny publication , and there was a cunt ' ntied crowd g * Bing at it with intense admiration . And this vile dirt sells in tens of thousands . We might be ' inclined to laugh at the disgusting desire that seeks SHch h ! deou * 5 foud , but it ia of
a-plece with that wb ' ch hurries the gelf-came people to the gallows-foot to watch the dying struggles of the law ' s victim , and to which bo many lives were sacrifiwd lately at Nottingham . Now the man that will root out this morbid taste j of the million will deserve the thanks of the honest Iportion of society ; bnt it is not to be done by the chambers' tracts—( the Lifu of I . ouj » Philippe ) , nor by thu mawkish nonsense emanating from otber quarters . The public mind must be led , not driven j and he that attempts to drive it will soon ^ t or later find his mistake , j However we must not censure too hastily in the lower classes this thirst for blood , as it pervades all to the highest There is now appearing in a ladies Mag&ailne , !» romance under the alluring title of The Bridal and < J » Murder . " What a particularly attractive bill of fare for the ladies ! It is
needless to multiply instances . We find it everywhere . This U the worst of pandering , or it proceeds from the author ' s peculiar fcaste . If the latter , I should not like to meet one of these descendants of C * in on a rnooTitain , lest he might feel a wish for trying in reality what he had bo Ion prac ised on paper . Another very great exception , I thii k , must be taken to tbe present style of cheap perio « iicas , and one of which sorue of them bave been r ^ sh enough toiboast—the exclusion of politics . If they mean the tactics of party , they may certainly claim credit fur keeping in their s ^ nse-a ; but as far as the working man ' s politics , bis Hghts , are concerned , there is no satisfactory reason i > t framed why it should be so . Why sbouki theifc be ext >! a . icu from what be is intended to re-. d , all that , at thin » ioo of t terni ;? , is woith hia liviag for—the very essence of his future vitality ? ,
Before winding up these ; crude on 1 desultory remarks , I wish to Btate that they- are intended merely as binta for the consideration of others , and not aa an exposition of faults and remedies . The question of " Literature as it might be , " involves s ; o many contingencies , that I have rather evad « d than met it , in thin limited space . Let th- ? working clashes consider the sul j-ct , aud they ¦ wil l feel theHi 6 fclv * -3 bound to support no journal from which those au . on ^ st themselves , -who would be an honour and an ornament jto it , and them are excluded . Thu » th 6 y would ao ^ a hav e a periodical aupplied as far as practicable by mtu of their own station . What an incentive would tbt » y then have for the pursuit of literature . I may bo told that there is no talent amongst them for such ap undertakim ? . I would be strongly inclined to return an unruounirly answer to
tbe assertion , but would only point to Thom . Lat us remeraber that men rise with circuinstaucus j aad that tbtj talent of the woTfcing man baa uever yet been encouraged . Wo all know from what a well birred prison it has to burst before it gains the light Even then what a fate bus hitherto awaited it ! It ia boasted now with somei reacon , that ShaKspere was able to retire in the end of his life , and die in peace ; that ia , that he was not fo « ct » d to apply foi a bog « mi ? licence , like Stow , or did not perjsh for lack of bread , as did SPENCER and a hundred others . It is . I think , partly for our own consideration I whether things will remain so or not . What hope would it be for the future ? Well , well , there is , perhaps , little u » e in talking ; but while literature is entirelyi in the hands of those who only seek profit from it , genius must remain he " glory and reproach" of its country . Nemo .
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persons , twen y-aovon of whotujwere living u . a = ) tatB of heathen conoubinage , aad two of the tw-ory-- ^ v » n were even clrs ? leadava in the Societj J" Surely these truths will epen too eyes of the pious sml benevolent , and induce them to withhold their snoi ort to the missions . We have millions ef poor in vm own country in a state of positive starvation , and to the disgrace of our Clergy , one-half of them are -total ?;/ uneducated ; albeit , we must throw hundreds > f th J sands of pounds away upon savages aud persons who hate us , while our brethern are left ; to perish r > t home . That the Missionaries aud class leaders in other s » tilaraents are equally base , we fenow from the I . e .. that not long since , a friend of curs returned from *' ¦ . Santhj S- » as * where he found those pious gentry l'vir . g upoa uncommon good terms with the native womeis . asd ia ? he enjoyment of every luxury the island aff ^ r' ^ i . — Weekly Dispatch .
Get Rid op Them . —An attorney in DuMm hiring died px « eedingly poor , a shillinj ? Rub » "ripfioa was set on foot to pay the expenses of bis funeral . Most of the attorneys aud barristers havii . " subscribed , one of them applied to Toler , afi - "Wds Lord Chief Justice Norbury , expressing his hi > ^ . that he would also subscribe hU shilling . " Only s , shilling , " . said Toler , " only a shilling to bury an ^ tor > ney ! Here is a guinea ; go and bury one and ' . wtititT of them . " A Wholesale Teetotaller . —In a neighb . ring city , a tew tf * ys ago , a baochanaliaa from the c ) UB > try expressing a determination to become a teetotaller , consulted a wag as to the mode of procedure , when ho was jocularly recommended * 3 g $ to the office of the New Water Company , vv'fcea the rustic oalled , a number of clerks were sea ? - -J at their desks , but the manager was absent . IMng
anxious for information , he asked if many \ 7 ere joining just now ? He was answered , "Oh . ^ ea . ' * He further inquired , " Do you tak * a drap y u ^ els * occasionally \ " " What do you mean . S r V * ' Now , " rejoined the woHld-be water votaVy , " tell me honestly—do you uot tak' a epark o' v ? t ' ky ava ! " " Oh , oertaiuly , " was tho aoswer . " 1 was just thinkin' as muckle , " quoth he . Oae clerk a- < bod another , " What does the old quiz me * n 1 " when th « manager made his appearance . Bumpkin wa . ^ them politely shown into the manager ' s rooms , upon which he expressed a wi&h tp join the sooiety ' . " WelL Sir , " said the manager , "it ' s eighty pounds a ^ are . " "Eighty pounds , Sir ! " exclaimed tho no uisani wat r-bibber in amaajmsnt , " what for ? " " Oh , for the water , Sir . " " Eighty pounds for wv . er » Saul , I'll stick to the whiaky yet ! " said h » , omphat . ioally , aad bolted oat of the offioo . —1 > mde Adverlitter .
Sheffield Park . —The Dake of Norfolk is r > x > at to g ve fity acres of land to the people of &l . eSeld , fdr pleasurc-grouuds .
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London Corn Exchange Monday , Ocron ••; 28 . —Tke arrivals of English Wheat up to our tuirkefc daring the past week have been moderately cood ; while thosa of Barley and Oats , collective-y . - . rero very extensive . Fresh up , the receipts of W .. -, t of home produco , coastwise , as well a& by land c ; .- » tage and sample , wore by no means large , yet th ? < saoi were well filled . Owing , however , to the Q-icsa ' i visit to the City , far the purpose of opening to ? aevr Royal Exchange , the attendance of both factors aad dealers was eaaali . and ao little business w&g iraasactod iu cons queace that last week ' s pro •• . ; ^ er «
nominally unaltered . The same cau , a w liob influenced the trade with English Wh ? iat o ^ - ^ i upoa that wi'h Foreign , the rates of which vraro stationary . There was a large quantity of Hurley on Bale . The few transactions reported w . r < k fafl currencies , although much caution w » r maii'fVited by the dealers , arising from the present s . ? eme value of the article . Malt , the supply of wV-.-l waa by no means large , movedU 4 F slowly , at la ^ rates , The quantity of Oata offering was large , bnt we have to report very few sales in that description of ^ rain , at previous figures . Beans , Peas , and Flour , w ^ re a mere drug , at late ratea .
London Smithpikld Cattle Market . —I ,. 5 tn market the supply of Beasts was , even for t . ; bm of y <> ar , considered very extensive , the numbers bespoke f or last evening exceeding 4 , 000 head ; but a great deficiency vra . 3 apparent in its quality . NotTvitUstanding the attendAnce of bnyere was rathsr ji-irtetouiijthe Beef trade was extremely heavy , iicvr . ver j the priar : s - Snots , &o ., sold at prices aboat •¦ \\ iaX tp those ob'ained on this day se ' nnight ; bat tLy-,.- of the middiing and inferior breeds suffered a * -lina of quite 2 d per * lb . and a clearance was not < ii - ed .
Frem our northern grazing districts we r ;• . ved about 2 . 200 short horns , while the drove- from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambrid ^ .-hire , consisted of 400 Seot 3 and homebreds ; those fr ^ m the western and midland counties compri ¦ / JOO Herefords , runts , Dsvons , &c . ; thoso from : ber parts of England 500 of various breeds ; whs' Tom Scotland 200 Soots came to hand , by steamors During the week tne import ? of foreign Stock under he n-aw tariff have bsf > n large , they having amounted t , 180 Beasts , and 160 Sheep , thereby making the following totals for the present year : —
Oxen and Cows . London 1749 Liverpool ' 80 Hull 250 Southampton 960 Devonpori 160 ¦ ^ " ^ g » 3 * Total 3 , 190 i here were en sale to-day 40 Beasts and 50 ^ . - $ p frooa Rotterdam in fair condition . The s ipalv of Beef w » s but moderate , yet the Mutton tTddv vt ~ ia a , vbtj Bluggish state , at barely last week ' s prices . In Calves , tfee numbers of Which were rather i : raiT-r , d , next t » nothing was doing . The same observation may be applied to Pigs .
Bobouoh and Spitalfields . —A very ! srM quantity of Potatoes arrived in the Pool during Lh « past week from Scotland , the Channel Island &a < I various paTts of England . The demand , in c &nseguence , is exceedingly dull , at drooping figures Per ton : —York R « is , 60 s to 80 s ; Perth ditto 5 $ . , ( a 60 s , ; Cornwall ditto , 55 =. to 6 O 3 ; Jersey Bla-j- 003 * ditto Whiter 4 S-i to 50 i ; KentandEssex Whita * . 0 O 3 Wisbeaoh Kidneys , 553 to 60 s ; ditto Whhf « s , 5 iu- ta 55 ^ ; Gaernsey Blues , 50 s ; ditto Whites , 45 ; , to 503 ; Pi-inoe Regents , 50 s to 60 a . Wool Market . —The arrivals of Wool into L .-d on sinee Tuesday last have consisted of 1 , 400 bales from Sydney , 10 © ditto from Smyrna , 71 ditto from Algoa B » y , 100 bake , from Hamburgh , and 200 ditto frrra other parts . By private contract comparatirv-l y little business is doing , yet priceB are generally supported .
Borough Hop Market . —For selected qaali ' . iflj of both new and yearling HopB tho demaud still continues active , at fully the late advance in ; ha quotations . In most kinds of Hops a fair busine .- ^ ig doing , at our quotations . The duty iscalled £ lZo 'iW ) . Sussex pockets , £ 6 10 i to £ 7 10 a ; Wealds , £ f , m to £ S . \ iVlid Kent , £ 8 to £ 10 IO 3 ; East Kent , £ 7 7 ? to £ 9 ; choice do ., £ 10 to £ 12 ; Farnhams , £ iu J' ) a CO &i . u * Manchebtee Cobuj Market , Satotcbat , Ocr . 26 " , — A good demand has been experienced throughout the wet = k , for extra superfine English and Irish Flour , for which the full currency of our last market day was readily obtained ; but all other eorts have continued to meet a slow , limited sale , at about previous prices . An active business has been passing
m Oatmeal , and rather higher rates were roalfz ^ d . For Oats there has likewise been a steady inquiry , and a Blight improvement in their valne was ob > er ? able . An improved feeling was apparent in the Wheat trade at our market this morning , and a fait amount of business was transaoted in that article , at fully the currency of this day se ' nnight . Choice superfine Flour continued to meet a ready sale , at full prices ; but middling descriptions were in limited request , at barely previous rateB : whilst inferior qualities were freely offered on lower terms , w ' hoat inducing purchasers to come forward . A briak demand was experienced for Oatmeal , and an ad vap . OG of 6 d . per 240 "ibs . w * s realised . Oats were algo takea to a fair e > xtent by csnsumers , and must be quoted l | d . to Id . per 451 bB . higher . Beans were Is . pet quarter dearer .
Liverpool Corn Market , Mondat , Cctoekb 2 . —btuce this day se ' nnight , we have had a good supply ot Irish * lour and Oatmeal , but moderate arrivals of the other articles of the trade . The only c ' tange in the duties on Foreign produce is a fall of 1 ? par qaa « er on Rye—to Si . 6 d . per quarter . The character of the Wheat trade during the same period has been that of firmness , with a tolerably f ^ ir demand Cor consumption , upon whioh prices for both old and new Wheat have advanced Id . per bushel . Flour bag met a moderate sale , without change in value . Within tne last two days we bave had fur ? Oats fresh up , and , although in limited request , ruther higher priees had to be paid for the few bought on Friday : 2 s . 9 id . per 45 lbs . for the best off < bri » s . A
large business has been done in Oatmeal , th < - last sales here being at 22 s . 6 * d . to 23 a . for old , ai , d 233 . 6 cJ . to 24 s . per 240 lbs . for new : 6 d . per load above the rates obtainable ou this day se ' nnight . Several lots of Peas have bees taken for the oountrv , and this article mmst be noted full y 1 b . per -quarter dearer . Barley and Beans are also held for rathar more money . In bond there have been Bold a few pareel 8 of 8 ourFlouratli 3 . 3 d . to 14 » . 6 d . and oaa or two of United States aweet at 16 a . 6 d . per 1 » 6 lbs , Litebfool Cattle Masket , Mohdat , Oct . 2 t . -Wo have had a heavy sapply of Gatde at w , ark « i
w-aay , me greateat pomon ofjecdnd-raieand inleriot quality , which met with , dull sale ; any thing priini SKS ^ y * te * tf >*« M > ai good priwa for thj time of the year . Beef 4 | d . to S ^ d ., Mutton Hi Si ?*« R& ^/ P * ^^ Cattle J ~ Be » 8 t 2137 , bheep 602 S . Cattle imported into Literpool . From the H&& the ^ 28 th Qe * . 2774 Cow 8 , 34 Calves , 5808 Sheep , 0 Lamba , 5720 Ptjyi , 68 Hoiees . Richmond Coun Market , Oct . 26 . —Wo had a tolerable supply of grain in oar market to-day . Wheat sold from 63 to 7 a 6 d ; Oats % 4 s to 3 s 4 d ; Barley 3 s 9 d to 44 2 a ; Beans 4 a 6 d to 5 s ; por bushel .
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THE NEW AGE AND CONCORD IUM G A ZETTE-N oTtMBKK . This month ' s number contains articles " On Woman ; " " Seasonings , CondimentSj and Siimulanis ; " " PhoDogrtphy , " &c . The Concordists propose to remove to a more commodious situation than that at present occupied . They Eay : — We shall tback our friends for aDy iiifonnation they can fi ? e ns on this subject . Our chief TtqBuite 3 are , pure air , plenty of good water , and from twenty to fifty acres of land of average qualty , frttbold , and , if posaiile , tithe free . sitn&Wd in a locality -well adapted for the growth of froiU , corn , aod i&x or 1 erup . "With regard to house , gardens , or other convecitnees , xhete are secondary considerations , for \ r « » Te prepared first to labour belore ire desire to fee paritk « rs of the frsiu .
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PENT 0 N 71 LLE PRISON . B" ? LTKK SODEN , M D . ( Trvm the Illuminated Ma < j % zine , " ) On entering the court-yard of the prison , and passing up a dczen steps and through another door , one is struck "W'th the absence of all thow gloomy and massiva projections and heavy ornaments which seem intended in other places oT confinement to announce to the
prisoner" Lasciate ogni Rperasza , vol chl entrate . " " There is nothing sombre and icnl-ilepresaing in tbe general aspect of the prison . Ft / ur vast conidcrs , stretching out like the stuks of a fan , ¦ w ell-lighted end exquisitely clean , present to the eye an image , certainly of perfect security , tut at the s&n > e time one may also say of cemfort ; three rows cf gilleries give acctts to up-waids of five hundred coors ltadiDg to vrfeat are called cells , bnt trhat are really comfortable rooma . t&ch containing ei f hi tsudred enfcic feet of * ptce . Spiral staircases of iroD run from one isnge of cells to suotbtr and although tbeTe is an tntire abetnee of orcsment , the irhole has a light and elegant appearance , and the ventilation is so perfect that tbe feeling iB that of open air .
On entering aa unocenpied cell , the inmate being at work in o distant part of the prison , I vtas snprictd at the nnmber of acccmBca ations . A hsnimock bat g up at tbe side , ¦ with hsir-mattrtEB , pillow , fwo sbtets , two DiaDkets , and a rug ; a ¦ waibhand-stRiid and tason , fixed ; fwo cocta for the supply of Vf&ter , cf which esch prisocer is alloired six gallons dtily ; a table , stool , pint mug , plate , kcife , spoen , soap , towel , and dnsier ; there was alto a Ibtcb carpeEters , t ^ rch at ihe side ; a g- ^ s light turning till dieb o ' ekek ; cne rtlisious
boot and one secular . I nt ticed tLe Per . r . y ilapamne . Satmday Mar / azir * , md Chambers' Journal . Ihe ventilation is ei-tirely artificial , and is most perfect . The air Enters ever the door through a perforated plate , and p&sses cut on a level with the floar . under the window , into a fine connected with a central chimney , ¦ whe re a £ re stcrsrea a constant current . "What 1 have enumerated is tbe furniture cf eTery cell , with only tbe 'variation of the loem , or table , for the carpenters ' -work-bench , according to the kind of trade ttw prisoner is a < qiitriiig —tailor , -wea-rer , mat , or rng maker , &c
As , wbeE tbe priEontris iocktd in his cell , it is just possible that he might be Seized with illness suddenly , and rt quire immediate assistance , it was necessary to provide some means of giving a signal to tbe attendants —although the constant iusptction , the regularity of food and exercise , and the extreme vijilance of the medical tfficers make such an event barely possible ; bnt in case of sccident , the prisoner turns a handle wbicb immediately strikes tbe central bell of the gallery , and at the same moment , and by the same act , there startB out from she side of tbe door of his cell the i ; od plate with his number , which lay flat against the wan , so that the efficer at the point where all these ssHerltB
meet seen instantly in -wbich cell bis aid is rtquired . The invention is perfect "When he has attended , to the call he pushes back the iron plate again flat int # iu place . Tbe only nse , ttwtver , to which this very ingenious contrivance has yet been pnt , is to signify to the leacher-ofkers th » t the inmate of the cell rtquires more cloth , thread , or -whatever be the nature cf his Qccnpation , cr , that he wishes for instruction in some difficulty . It ia scarcely possible that the signal should be ever wanted for sndden sickness , because the whole of the inma ' . es are miraculously healthy , and are subjected to none of those causes which are liable to interfere with the tratquil performance of all the bodily functions .
I w a * next conducted to the kitchen , where every thing is cooked by steam , and on a plan of such admirable compactness and convenience that it is worthy vt comparison with many of ths- extraordinary pieces of mechanical iuiennitj wbicb are seen Id our jrtat m » - -oufactoriea . Dinner was preparing for between fire and six hundred persons , -with no mere appearance of bustle 01 conlMion , indeed not ao mneh , u in the ordinary kitchtn of an inn . The meat and potatoes and bread were weighed separately , plact d in separate ears , and arranged in shallow trays , one above another , in a kind of deep cradle , ready for drawing up throngb the floor to the galleries above . Thi Bonp I tasted , and regretted that decorum would not allow me to finish
my basonful . Having waited till the arrangement of tfce dinner was nearly completed , we again ascended the stairs to see tbe men who had been out in the exercising grounds , or occupied in the different works ef the pribob , pass to thtir respective cells for their repast It was a curious sight , the streams of human beings , all dressed alike , with the v lora of their caps down over their faces , ao as to be utterly irrecogiuzxble by strangers , or by eachother , marching regularly , iteadily , and in perfect silence , with a spue of twelve or fourteen feet between each of them , bo as to make any communication impossible . £ ach parsed into his cell , and theecboes of tee gallery announced the closing of evejy door in succession .
While this waa going on , np rose slowly through tbe floor , sliding on tbe bright upright bus which reached to the ceiling , the immense seriei of loaded trays ; as they stopped at each floor in succession , the attendants took cut the cases of trays , and placed them on a sort of waggon reaching from one gallery to its opposite side , and moving on wheels along the edge of the iron railing , which thus forms a sort cf railway . An attendant at each end of this travelling apparatus , pushes it on till opposite tbe doors of two cells , v » hen he , with ¦ wm derful rapidity , unlocks & little port-hole in the upper part of the door , which fallB down outwards
I and forms a shelf on which be places the dinner- it is j instantly * eiaed by the prisoner , when the atttndant ' , poshes up the li ttle shutter , locks it , and passes on to j the next In this masnei they proceed with a quiet I regularity , activity , asd precision , which would aeem absolutely impracticable to those who have not seen it in action , sod thus upwards of fire hundred individuals sie served with th * ir dinners ia aepsrato rooms , perfectly hot , In leu than a quarter of an hour . It can be done , and has iod&sd been accomplished in twelve minutes and a half . The evolutions of » brigade of soldiers on a field day are not * more admirable extmpliccataon of the power of system and order .
Let us now corilder that the fire hundred men here co / lected are in the prime of life , from the aft of eighteen to thirty-fire ; that they an the mort dts-• ptral redden , and abandoned of human bel » g » , aad that tl ' ^ 7 B » Te 1 ** ° aentanced *• Ionf periods of transportatic" » *¦ a puniihment for serious crisnM ; that they con" ^ ° to ^ e pri > o ° generally utterly ignorant , and witho . CTeD tae ndiments of education , diseased in mind an . * ^ J bom tie effectl oi loog-continned tiee and dek " ^ chery , and that they axe placed In this correctional p » ^ i * 011 not »« ely as a punishment , but as a means of rei ' ormation i to impress them with the Talne of charactt **> to * raaicat « bid iabits , to implant TirtnoM feelings , . *« t » taught » mechanlbkl emplaymant , and habits c * aea . yityt Indiutry , and self-depenience ; and to fit ^ Bt for useful colonists ; th « xaddto KTulsioD , tht ^ Umee , W » negation of inter-
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XITERATURE AS IT IS , AND AS IT MIGHT BE TO THB EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sib , —The worst possible compensation that can be offered for a worthless article is an apology for its icfiictien . Therefore , leat the following remarks should come uncer this class , I shall trouble you with no exordium . In glancing at tho present state of Literature , were we to observe its magnitude—that is , the number of sheets iienirjg from the press , and compare it with the several stage * through which it baa passed , we might lift np our bands in astonishment ; but if , at the same time , we could get an unobstructed view of what remains to be done , I fear wb would be inclined to throw them down in despair . Yet it should always be borne in mind that quantity of work will never make amends for defects of quality ; and when we scrutinise operations a little closer , it becomes apparent that our present progress is more that of wading through a vaBt alough , than travelling on anything like a high road .
Did variety of price constitute perfection , our Literature would net be wanting , as at one end we have guinea volumes , and at the other farjhlng tracts . It requires very little penetration to discover for whom the former class la intended ; and the publishers have always manifested a most earnest desire for keeping it exclusive both ' to readers and writer * . They have hedged it round with an amount of expense that would frighten any save men of moderate circumstances . Why , & work is not considered to have had fair play unless / 80 has been expended en advertising it And the necessity is artificial . The money is spent to puff it forcibly down tbe public throat Thus we have a string of laudatory paragraphs tacked to the name of every one ( sometimes a dtswn in the day ) , qnoted from the journals , that , according to our experience of the past , might | be used with propriety once in a ctnUry .,
Were we to believe these literary parasites , onr writers have long sinoe passed tbe clouds . But tbe valoe of their hireling shouts is becoming known , aad for the future it will be in Quite as good taste for the author orpublishe * to put his own name to bis own praise , as to nse that of a » jr base tool Bat they have in great measure dented theosaltes , at least as far as the "fashionable" portion ( nine-tenths ef the whole ) is concerned . The libraries are now their only purchasers , and in three months from the date of publication , these brilliant prodactlon * . " sparkling with wit " and " redolent of genius , " aie sold to * a few pen ** per volume , and idlspenaed in pieces feom the huckstersshops . Alas l for the fashionable rubbish—the ' $ hef dtmvres of the greatest geniuses that ever astonished be world I Long may they keep it to themselves 1
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Missionaries and jheir Dupks . —We have alwayB thought , and recent cirenmstauces have tended in no slight degree to confirm our viswa . that if the amount of money collected in Exeter Hall and elsewhere for the support of Missionaries abroa-1 , were spent at home , our artisans and labourers would be far better off than they now are . We are not averse to the promulgation of -: pnre religion ; we would joyfully aaaist ita advancement , by all th ' e means in our power ; bat when we know that thousands of pounds are annually pent in sending out Missionaries to distant parts , wbose objects are not onlyi questionable , but positively intolerant and cruel , we muat sot our face agaiust tbe scheme . A few fa its tnayj induce persons in future to
withhold money : r ; in the- missionaries , and bestow it upon distressed objects at home . In Persian C ! aJdea the Methodists have called upon the Neatorians to renounce the religion of their forefathers , and embrace Wnleyanlsm . Th « inhabitants retaliated upon their excessive impertinence by knocking down their chapels and schools , and tUe Nnstcirian Bishop iBSHtd an ordu of excommunication against any one of his flock who might join the missionaries . While the methodists preached from th * ir pulpits the necessity of worship as a means of promoting morality , ne one objected , or cohW object to their presence in Chaldes . Thus far , their conduct was perfectly unobjectionable ; but when they called upon tbe population to renounce thoir faith , and embrace Christianity , ! knowiDg , moreover , what fierco wars for religion ' s sake had buon carried on
In England , the act was positively atrocious , and we are gla-l tbe Nestorians punished them . If a people are happy and prosperous under a prevailing religion , whether tbat religion be Mahometan or Hindoo , it ought not ito be disturbed in favour of Christianity , even If there were no doubt respecting its authenticity . Some over-pious missionaries , some time since , fired upon the { natives ef one sf the Sandwich IslandB , as an inducement to them to unite ' tinder the banner of Christ . " Was this the way to create respect towards a religion wbich hud beeD represented to the natives as one of love and peace ? The present race of missionaries are Got a wkit better ia temper and disposition than those ferocious tigers who , in ages past , in the guise of priests , wrecked vengeance upoa all who disputed tbeir authority or tbe truth of their religion . Tbat these nmsionarii s are uot to be trusted
away from home , wo bave ample proof ; they are fallible , like other men : their outward garb merely encloses a mass of wretched hypocrisy and gross sensuality . Let us state a few facts . ' A Wealeyan Missionary Society Meeting was held the otber day at tbe Oity Roud Chapel . Mr . T . B . j Freeman ( a reverend , of course ) , missionary to C . ipp Coast Castle , was prestnt . This Mr . Freeman , some time since , raised £ 6 000 in the United Kingdom , for the purpsse of miasionariaing Africa , and no doubt his object is now to raise the wjnd again , by another beeging excursion tbr < agheut the country . How tbe mon ^ y raised has been expended , let the subscribers and the public know . In tbt > report of the Society many statements regarding the mission are grossly exaggerated : some of them are positively nine . For example , a statement is made by Mr . Freeman in the report for 18401 , that ground was cleared for a coffee plantation at Durainasi , and towards which Mr . Freeman received £ ioo froni the " African Civi .
Illation Society , " which place , a writer in tbe Times says -- I visited year after year , and found tbat not one inch of gronod was even then act « aliy cleared , nor oae coffee tree planted ^ I might mention , that in the report for 1842-S , it is stated that the mission school ia Kumaai is in successful operation , when , at the tlmt , no such school "Iras in existence , not had one ever bsen commenced : ! " These are sweeping charges . But the writer go « s on : — " Concubinage Is tolerated by the Wesleyan Missionaries , and practised by the members of their societies ; both males and females cohabiting together unmarried ate admitted to the sacrament of the Lord ' s Snpper , aBd duly and formally recognized ao members of tbe Wesleysn Society , on the Gold Coast , Western Africa . '' This Statement affords a pretty picture of the laxity of morals among tnemethodiats ; but we bow come to a by far worse case . The same writer saya— " In Marck , 1142 , 1 found a Wealeyan Society a £ Domlnaai , consisting of sixty
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Kottmm 2 , 1844 . TH E NORTHERN STAR . i # i
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 26, 1844, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1286/page/3/
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