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MARKET IJSTELLIGEiNCE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE AT 7 XP A 2 K TREE . Tie rabjoined lineaare from the pen of the " Irish gbl " \ rtiose Tenes on the BnrOs FestiTal appearei in our pre * jjminary account « f tbiS great meeting . Thej attracted jjjg attention of . ColoGel and Hajoi Boms , sons of the p ^ t , who in compfcny with 3 it Anld , Doonb ' rse , -with a discrimination and feeling that did them honour , sought her ont 1 b her humble abode , and having paid their respects to her , left her a guinea each , as an acknowledgmeEt of their appreciation of her talents and jympatby ft * her UEbefriended situation . —Ayr Adver
tiser-We unit afid something to the foregoing . Oar jeaders "will remember that in ths Star of the 11 th of September , appeared a number of Terses , giving a sort of anto-biogiaphical sketch of &e " Irish Girl "; the gn £ 3 appesred without any title , thongh ire can hardly sy without a heading , aa they -were introduced to our readers by some prefatory remarks of our own . It appears , however , that the lines should hare appeared 23 - "Dedicated to I > iTid Anld , Esq ., of" Dooibrae . ** The omiMion was nor our fenlt : still we regret it as » e Jjsts reason to inow thai tie gentleman in question has , hy his generous acts , rendered himself entitled to general approbation . We understand thai Mr . A old tras one of the first to patronise the " Irish Girl . " and
inathe has continued bis lana assistance to the present time . We are inforated that the- " " Irish QirT * is at the Ayr academy ; sod that f . r this , and maay other sets of kindness she is indebted to Mr . Anlci . To all Who have drauk at ^ 'Mnngo ' s Well , " and passed an hour in solemn pleasure si ; d delight on the banks of Pood , —and ire have aDjoyed that pleasnre , —Mr . Auld ' s refined taste and . gentlemanly urbanity mast bawell known ; and it affords us great j > le&Enre to be ablt thus to make known that that gentleman exhibits the sincerity of his homage for the mighty -dead by his patronage and gscerona aid given to ibe hnmble and struggling living , ilay his noble exuaple be generally followed . —El JTJ .
How ihoEgbl ntrzkens thought 'Ifeath this Anld Aik Tree—Wi' pain and pleasure franghU For this Anld Aik Tree , With a necromantic power , Can conjure np each hour Spent in childhood's happy bower * 2 « * tatb this Auld Aik Tref . The very bmz ^ that plays Bound this Auld Aik Tree , Seems to breathe of other days ' >~ eath this Auld Aik Tree , — When onr hearts beat glad and light As the stream vi' glory bright Dmces down from height to height , Through this Auld Aik Tree . Toaag bounding bosoma ~ me % \ S « = aih this ATild Aik Tree , And fancy sees tbem yet
• Neath this Auld Aik Tree ; Each yonthfnl brow sae fair , Gleaming glad neath braided hair , Unknown to pain or care , ' 2 » eaththe Auld Aik Tree . Ah I that "was life's young morn ' 2 f eath this Anld Aik Tree ; And our hearts -were-tben untora * X eath this Auia Aik Tree ;—All was then one sunny Bpring , Then we felt no sorrow's sring—There was nought uur heart to wring , TJeath this AnlS Aik Trte .
And now I love to bide * 2 » eath this Auld Aik Tree ; And who wcuid dare to chide When this Auld Aik Tree As dose to jnfem * ry clings , Ae ths very ivj xinga , That mi luxe coHsan * flings , R ^ thkI ihia Anld Ai k Tree ?
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THE TOMB OF WASHIXGTOS , JThe foTlowing beautiful lines are extract td from * The JjxkU . Ojtrinr ) " a work composed e atirely Of -coninfcnlions from the factory girls of Xowall , Sew Englan ; 3-* ' He sleeps there in the midst of the vesy sjiaplidlifes of JJature . " There let him sleep , in Nature ' s arcw , Her well-beloved , her chosen child—There " mii the living , < iuiet charmB Of that sequestered wild . He would have chosen such a spot , Twaa fit that they shQuld lay him there , Away from all the haunts of care ; Tlie -world disturbs him x > ot-He Eletpa fnil sweet in bis retreat—Theplacs is consecrated gronnd ; It is not meet unhallowed fret Should tread that sacred monad .
He lies in pomp—not of display . ~ So useless trsppii-gs grace his bier ; 2 Tor idle words—ifcej mnsi not Eay What treasures cluster here . The pomp of nature , wild and free , Adorns our hero ' s lowly b- ? d ; And _ gtniJy bends above his head The weeping laurel tr * e . In gloij ' a czj he shunned display , And ye uiay not bedeck him now ; Brt I ^ ituTe may , in her own way , Hacg garlands round his brow . He lies in pomp , not sculptured stone , Xoi chiseled marble—vain pretence . The glory of his dt e-3 s alone Is his macniSceace .
His ccuitry's Jove the meed he won : He bore it with him down to death , Unsullied e en by slander ' s breath—His country ' s sire aud Bon . Her hopes and ftara , her smiles and tears , Were each his own . —He gave his land His earliest cares , bis choicest years , And led her Ci . xquering band .
He lies in jomp—not pomp of war . H « fought , but fought not for reneTO j He triumphed , yet the victor ' s star Adorned no regal crown . Histononrwas his country's weal ; Prom < S her ntck the yok » he tore-It was enough , he askefi no more . His generous heart conld feel 7 \ o low desire for king ' s attire ; With brother , friend , and country bleBt , He ccEld tsp ire to Jioei m rs tigier Thau kingly cro-sra or cresi . He lies in pomp—his burial-place Than Bculptured Etcne is "richer far ; Per in the heart ' s deep love we trace His name , a gciden star .
Wherevtr patriotism breaibeB , His memory is devoutly shrined In every pure and sifted mind ; And hiitory , with wreaths Of deathless ftme , entwines that name , Which evermore , beneath all skies , like vtstal flame , eesII live the same ; Tot virtue never dies . Thtr ^ let k 5 m rest— 'tis a sweet spot ; Simplicity becomes the great—But Yemen ' s son is not forgot , Though sleeping not in state .
There , wrapped in hiB own dignity , Els presence makeB it hallo-wed ground , And Nature throws her charms around , And o ' er him smiles the sky . There let him rest—the nobfest , best ; The labours of his life all done-There ltt him rtEt , the spot is blessed—The grave of Washusgtos . Adelaide
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AN OUTLINE OF THE VARIOUS SOCIAL SYSTEMS ASD COMMUNITIES WHICH BATX BEEN FOUNDED ON THE PK 1 > CIP 1 "E OF CO-OPERATJON . WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY , &e . Lofldon : Longmsiij &c AithepT-essnt momeat , -when the " CondltSsn-of-Engl&Bd Qc esfion" foiaa 3 the subject of SHbJeels for writers and o razors—when , day by day , the diurnal press dcTotes colnaan after colomn to the exposing of the Ewes -wh ich axe festering in the very heart of the commoEwei'Jtb—when even the selfish and Sybarite lords oi * ibe soil are beginning to discass the sufferings of th v * wretched serfs—when " Yoang
England" declares Sh&t it is tiae the peasantry were restored the rights ^ rested-froja them by their rap * cions lords—when in xhort , men ' s miads are agitated Trith the knowledgs t ^ at ttisery , wide-Bpread aiserv , doeB exist , and . wt less bj thai ignorance of whit Ehould be done to aKs ^ ate and finally extirpate that misery , the appv' * rance * £ f , work f Well-timed , and cannot fail to set all wel ^ diBposed Jnen into whose hands it mi" * ^ flaking most Probably more deeply than u ^ iey hare heretofore ttoaght , on the means to be adop " « d really adequate to put an end to evicting evils . _ ^ . Ihe principle of co-operation , or . "« ^ J ^* 1 fa f " ealiEin , under which name the pri- ^ f « f . *^ years has developed itself , has "been muv * && * & of ,
not has probably been little nnderstood , BOte&pe- &lly by those who were londest in its c . 'S ^ emna-Bon . HenjpresBming no doubt io call ibj ^ Wf 1 ^ "intelligent , " turned up their nos ^ at " Socufvani Sa iemething new-fangled , revolting , and insb ' o « J little imagining that the contemned principle ad ^ o ? toted bo industriously and perseveringly by Rober " * Owen and Ma dicipleB , thongh dignified by them With a new name , was no new principle , bat on the fcontrary had developed itself more or less in a ** riety of forms in nearly all countries , and iras * 8 W ago recognised Qt not fnlly carried ont ) by some of the greatest lawgivers , and advocated by the « rt enligtteced philosophers .
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The nature of the work before us is fully stated \ in its title . It gives an " oatline" or sketch ot the ; different pocial systems , which founded on the principle of co-operation , have been devised , attempted to be carried out , or have existed , or continue to exist in the preFent day . This sketch was written by the late Mjlbt Hetoeli ., of Hackcey , and first , appeared as an appendis to a work entitled "The Philosophy of Necessity " , published in 1841 . The i writer died of consumption in 1843 ; and the separate publication of this work is undertaken as a tribute j to her memory , by the party for whom it was compiled , " and who , for years had been a witness to j her untiring zeal and energy in the caus-e of truth , i and in the promotion of every object which appeared I to her strong intellect to lead to the advancement i and happiness of mankind . "
The "introductory essay" has been pnblished separately under the title of " The organization of Indnstry , " and was revived in a recent number of this journal . Tho rest of the work comprising the " Outline" it is impossible to give an analysis of . It must be read to be understood and appreciated . Of modern comnronistB , and partizans of the principle of co-operaiion . the most interesting descriptions are those of tlie " Rappites , " the " St . Simpnians , " " FourierL-m , " Socialism , " the experiments at Orbiston , Ralahine , &c , & . e . The description and account of each of these sects and experiments is written in an impartial and truth-seeking spirit , and will well reward all who thirsting after knowledge are desirous of becoming conv < rsant with a question
on the solution of which depends the fntnrc happiness or misery of the human rice . We must remark that we thiBk the present " Ourline" somewhat imperfect . There is a lack of order and arrangement of its onttnts , and the history of several interesting experiments and speculatiocs are either dismissed wiih a few words or left altogeiher unnoticed . Thus nothing is said of the Communists of France who dissent from Fourieiism > yet who we believe comprise a nnmerous body ^ ncr of the German and Swiss Cprnmumsts . Again , there is scarcely & notice given of the great schemes of
reform propounded by the French Revolutionists , most of which tended towards Communism . The famous rouspiracy of Babeuf , imsaortalised in the narrative of Buonarotti , is not even mentioned . These omissions and defects a f&ture historian of the ** Co-operative Principle" may make good ; and any writer disposed to take up the subject would find in thi 3 work good data to commence with , and much of the greatest importance to assist him . In the meantime we heartily recommend this most interesting and useful work to our readtrs , assuring them that they will find within its pages " pearls of great price . "
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PENTONVILLE > R 1 SON . B " S lATiE RODEJi , 11 D . ( Frcifi . At " Illuminated ilasnzint . " ) On entering the court-yard of the prison , and passing up a dozen steps and through another door , one is struck "with the absence of all those gloomy and massive projections and heavy ornaments -which seem intended in other places of confinement to announce to toe prtoonti— " Lasdato 05 m speracza , voi chi entrato . " There is nothing sombre and soul-depressing in the general aspect of the prison . Four vast oonidors ,
stretching © ut lie tht sVicks of a fan , -well-lighted and exquisitely clean , present to the eye an imago ,-certainly of perfect security , but at the esme time one may also say of comfort ; three rows of galleries give access to upwaids -of five hundred doors leading to-what are called cells , bnt -what are really comfortable rooms , each containinz eight hundrtd cubic fc-et of cpaee . Spiral staircases of iron run from one range of cells to another and aithoogh there is an entire absence of ornament , the "whole itss a light and elegant appearance , and the ventilation is so perfect that the fetling is that of open air .
On enterisf an unoccupied cell , the inmate being at vroik in a distant part of the prison , I -was soprised at the nnmber of Bccommo ations . A hammock feu- g up at the Kds , vriih hsir-rusUrfss , pillow , t ^ vo sheets , two blankets , rnd a rug ; a wartiband-stand and bason , fixed ; two cocks for the supply of water , of ¦ wLich each prisoasr is allowed six gallons daily ; a table , Etool , pint nmg , plate , knife , Epocn , soap , towel , and duster ; thsre was also a lar ? e carpenters , bench Bt the side ; a rm light burning till nine o ' clock ; one religious
book and one secular . I noticed the Penxy Magamne . Saturday -Magazine , End CkarAiurs' Journal . Tbe ventilation is entirely artificial , a » d is most perfect . The air enters over tbe door tfcronsb a perforated plate , and passes ont on a level with the 3 c ir , unoer the window , into a flue connected with a central chimnby , where a fire Eecurea a constant current . What 1 have enumerated is the furniture of evtry ci-11 , -with only the variation of tbeioem , or table , for the carpenters' -work-bench , according to the kind of trade the prisoner is ai quiring —tailor , weaver , mat , or rna maker ,
&c-As , -when the prisoner is ; oek-d in his cell , it is jost possible that be might be Etiz-d with illness suddenly , and reqnir ? immediate assistance , it was necessary to provide some means of giving a signal to the attendants —although the constant inspection , tbe regularity of food and exercise , and the extreme v jilance of the medical c-fEcere make such an event barely possible ; but in case of accident , tbe prisoner turns o handle which immediately strikes the central bell of the gallery , and at the ssaie moment , and by the same act , there-atarts cnt from tbe side of the door of hia cell the iron , plate with his number , which lay -flat against the wall , so that tbe ofEcer at the point where all these galleries
meet sees instantly in which cell his aid is required . The invention is perfect When he has attended to the call he pushes back the iron plate again flat into its place . Tbe only use , t ^ wtver , to which this very ingenious contrivance has jet bten pnt , is to signify to tbe leacher-vficers th » l tbe inniats- of the cell rtquires more cloth , thread , ot whatever be the nature of his occupation , or , that he wishee for inttructl-. n in some difficulty . It 18 scarcely possible that the signal should be ever wanted for sndden sickness , because the whole of the inmates are niirsealcufily healthy , and are Eubjected to none of tbose causes which are liable to interfere with the tranquil performance of all the bodily functions .
1 was next oandncted to tbe kitchen , vrhere every thing is cocked by steam , and on apian of £ uch admirable compactness and convenience -that it is worthy of comparison wiSi many of th .- extraordinary pieees of mechanical ingenuity which are seen in our great manufactories . Dinner was preparing lor between £ re and six hundred persons , with no more appearance of bustle or confusion , indeed not so much , as in the ordinary kitchen of an inn . The Eeat and potatoes and bread were -weighed separately , placed in separate cans , and arranged in shallow trays , one above another , in a kind of deep-cradle , ready for drawing up tbreugb the floor to the galleries above . Th * soup I tasted , and resetted that dtcoinm would not allow me to finish
my basonful . Having waited till the arrangement of the dinner was nearly completed , we again ascended the etairs to see the men who had been out in the exercising grounds , or ccenpied in tbe dirTen-nt works ef the prison , pass to their respective cells for their repast . It was a curious sight , the streams of human beings , all di ~ &sed alike , with theviorsof their caps down over their faces , * o as to fce utterly irrecognizable by strangers , or by eacbofntr , marctJinjj regularly , steadily , and in perfect silence , with a apaoe of twelve or foarteen feet between each of them , so as to make any communication impossible . Each paised into his cell , and tbeechoes of tbe gallery announced the closing -of every door in tuesesaion .
While this wai going on , np rose slowly through the floor , Bliding on the bright upright > ars which readied to the eeiling , tbe immense series of loaded trays ; as they stopped at each floor in succession , the attendants took out the cases of trays , and placed tbem on a sort of -waggon leachjug from one gallery to its opposite side , and moving on ¦ wheel * along the edge of the iron railing , which thus forms a sort of railway . An attendant at each esd of this travelling apparatus , pushes it on till opposite the doors of two cells , when he , with wtnderful rapidity , nnlocks a little port-hole In the unper part of the door , -which falls down outwards
and forms a shelf on which be places tbe dinner ; it instantly seized by the prisoner , when tbe attendant pushes np the little shutter , locks it , and passes on to tbe next In this manner they proceed with a quiet regularity , activity , and precision , which wonld seem absolutely impracticable to those who have not seen it in action , and thns upwards of five hundred individuals are served -with their dinners in separate rooms , perfectly hot , in less than a quarter of an hoar . It an be done , snd has indeed been accompliBbed in twelve minutes and a half . Tbe evolution ! of a brigade of soldiers on a field day are not a more admirable exemplification of the power of system and order . that the five hundred
let us no * eotsider men here collected are in the prime of life , from the age ot eighteen , to thirty-five ; that they are the most desperate , reckless , and abandoned of human beings , and that they have been sentenced to long periods of transportation as a punishment for serious crime *; that they come into the prison generally utterly Ignorant , and -without even the rudiments of education , diseased in mind and body from the effects of long-continued rice and debauchery , and that they are placed in this correctional prteon not merely as a punishment , but as . means of reformation ; to impress them with tbe « . '« of character , io eradicate bad habits , to implant virtu - » as feelings , to- be tanght a mechanical employ-2 X : S ^ SomU MtMty , industry , and . eli . de-SencT- andto fit &m for weftf eetonists ; the SSd « 1 e ^ -SL , Sm •> " * f tf negation of inter-
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course with their fellow creatures , the compulsory reflection , and the feeling either of suppressed reveDge or of remorse , "which must occupy the minds of men so placed ; that the brains » f these individuals have been utterly uncultivated in their higher parts , and tbat tbe sole development o £ intellect has been in the animal wiEdom called cunning , and rendered subservient to the merest animal appeti'es and instiucts : let us consider these things , and then say if we might not reasonably expect some instances of suicide , and some of idiocy and insanity . Did they occur in tbe proportion of one in fifty , it would form no valid objection to the system , if the forty-nine were manifestly btttered by tbe discipline ; for , with intellectual organs sa perversely educated , it could hardly be ( xpecied that even I a larga proportion should be capat le of real mental reform .
Wt-11 ! No case of suicide has occurred ! although such was confidently expected ; and in eighteen months tbers have been three caste of insanity , two of which had tbe character of imbecility , and which I cannot but think were aggravated by the imperfect nutriment which v > as at first allowed . One of these three cases "waa evidently admitted improperly at first ; but if we allow all the three to have bt « n produced by the severe educational discipline cf the prison , it amounts to two per annum in five hundred x not even the proi pertion to vehich the same individuals would have betn j liable in a state of freedom , with the habits of intuni peracce , dt-bauchery , and irregularity peculiar to thfir I class . Yet there are causes of mental imbecility peculiar to solitary cotflnemt nt which cannot be
discuEsed ctram publice . That such an incredibility email nnmber of Bick thould exist in this prison , and so ff w should become imbecile under such discipline , speaks highly for the judgment with which the gtneral laws of the prison have been framed , and for the hkill aad attention of tbe accomplished and sagacious physician , Dr . Owen Rees . Now , before we enter on the moral discipline by which the grand and philanthropic oljec ' -a of the prison arraDcemmts are accomplished , let us take a glance at the physical means which ate to ei . &ble the cnlprii to sustain the shock of a total disruption of all his habits and feelings . It is hardly necessary in tbe present day to argna tbe absolute necessity of competent food if the mi&d is to be . kept in a BUtn capable of instruction—utill more if undtr the depressing influence of solitary conflntment .
The dinner , which I Baw distributed ' eonsisted of a pint of good soup—as good as is found at tbe table of a tradesman—five ounces of bread , one pound of potatoes , and four ounces of meat , weighed after being cooked and divested of bone , making it nearly equivalent to half a pound cf undressed meat with tbe average quantity of bont—an allowance considered sufficient in tie dcmeBtic economy of laige families—an excellent dinner , and vastly better thai ) can be enjoyed every day by tbe family of the labouring man . Breakfast consists of three quarters of a pint of c » eoa , made with threequarters of an ounce of the solid flake , two ounces of mills { real milk ) and . six dracbmB of treacle—a very
graceful btverage : with this he is allowed ten ounces of bread . His supper is a pint of gruel with six drachms of treacle , and five ounces of btesd . As the soup contains a good deal of barley , it forms an important portion ef the nourishment , which would be a very abundant allowance for a labouring nan out of prison , and master of his own time . Tht to is no fermented fluid -whatever allowed to the prisoners ; their drink is perhaps the purest and beat-water to be found in the world ; it is drawn by an artesian well from a depth of tbree hundred and seventy-fett , and ia forced up to the top of : hc prison by pumps worked by tbe prisoners ; from thence it is conducted by pipes into every cell .
Por this generous but unstimulating diet < for the quantity at least ) the prisoners are indebted to the s . mnd judement and humanity of the medical officer , Ht . Owen Hees . No man better knows that to fcebp the brain in a state fit to receive instruction , it must be wtll 1 enrished ; that when you call on tke intellectual organ for tbe highest efforts of which it is capable ( self-restraiBt ) it is vain to expect attention to moral instructkn while the stomach is unsatisfied , and the faintntes of insufficient neurisbnient renders the mine either listlfc&s or savage ; and that if fcbe or ject is to be obtained of real reformation , it must be by the
fcxtrcise of a healthy brain . I give him great credit for his perseverance in obtaining the present improved diet , and even think that there would be an advantage in the addition cf half -& pound of potatoes to the dinner , and three ounces more of bread t » the supper . Thbt all will hedonethat an enlightened jtdgment shall dictate , there is no doubt , as long as he is permitted to regulate the details which come strictly within his department . The dtpressii-g effects of confinement and the absence of social intercourse , would soon bring on mental irabeeility , -were not the food of a whole&ome , palatable , and nutritions description . The moral being is contained in the physical being as tbe kernel in its shell .
When the first diet was established , I fear the governors permitted tbunBelves to be too -much ufluecctd by the »• fututh Estate of thia realm , " and that the bfibble about the injustice of allowing a criminal better food ihan could be obtained by an boDest man in freedom , fXei-ciEing a fair portien of industry—that thia consideration did really lead to the adoption of a diet which -would have produced & general imbecility , if not insanity . The present allcwnr . ee amounts to twrntyeight ounces of ire » t , one hundred acd forty ounc .-s of bread , three and a half pints of aoup , seven pounds of potatoes , -Ac ., per week ; while tbat which was in use at the opening of the prison in December , 1842 , was only twenty ounces of meat , one hundred and t plenty ounces of bread , two and a half pints of soup , two and a half pounds of potatoes , &c , the only addition to this beinr four ounces of cheese-.
On this diet the prisoners in one month showed the following results on being weighed ;—sixty-two per cent lost in -weight , twenty-nix per cent gained 111 weight , and twelve per cent neither gained nor lost ; so that the average loss on the -whwle number was two and three-quarter : pounds . This , it is obvious , must have ultimately led to death by starvation of all who were cf a size to require a larger quantity of food . Sixty-two . per cent of thia class losing weight at the rate of five pounds per moDth !—it was frightful . Death by starvation was not the punishment intended by the legislature—neither is tbe discipline of the prison , Etrictly speaking , a portion of the punishment—all are to complete their sentence of transportation ; but the ol ject was to * end ont to the Colonies not a » et of imbecile helpless beings , but vigorous and healthy men capable of banefitting the Coloides as well as themselves .
The present diet sbowB the following result : sixteen per cent lost in weight , sixty per cent gained , and the remainder neither paired nur lost , The average gain and loss were respectively ia the . proportion of 164 to 158 , so that itmayjbe considered aa exactly balanced . I may here tematk on tbe immense value of these social stat . 'stios . I sball , by acd by , have occasion to speak of thfe results of 'k-a moral , physical , and medical treatment on cealth . I do not doubt that the va ^ t body of information thus collected , ns well as that from the union poor-houses , will ultimately lead to the most important reiults , and that tbe physical and moral existence of tbe rcce will in another generation or two , be improved bejend the hopes of the sanguine . Let us now consider the moral discipline of the prison , and the distribution of Jabonr . In every cell is the following notice in large type : —
" Prisoners admitted into the Pentonville Prison will have an opportunity ef being taught a trade , and of receiving sound moral and religious instruction . They will be transported to a peisA colony in classes , as » ol ] owg : — Fibst Class .--Prisoners who Bball , when sent from this prison , be reported by the governor and chaplain to have behaved welL These , at tbe end of eighteen months , will be sent to Van Diemen ' s Land , to receive a ticket of leave on landing , which , until forfeited by bad conduct , will in that country confer most of the advantages of freedom . Labour being in great demand , and wage ? , therefore , high , tbe prisoner ' s knowledge of a trade will enable him , with industry and continued good conduct , to secure a comfortable and respectable position in society . Prisoners wbo obtain tickets of leave may also , by industry and good conduct , acquiie , in a short time , means sufficient to enable families to follow them .
Second Class , —Prisoners woo Iisre not behaved well . —These , also , at the end 0 ! eighteen months , will be transported to Van Diemen ' s Land , where they \ will receive a probationary paBS , which will seenre to tbem only a limited portien of their earnings , will admit of their enjoying only a small portion of liberty , and will subject them to many restraints and privations . Thibd Class . —Prisoners who have behaved ill . — These will be transported to Tasman's Peninsula , a penal colony , occupied only by convicts and a military guard , there to he employed on public -works in probationary gangs , -without wages , and deprived of liberty , and their families' will not be permitted under any circumstances to follow tbem . Prisoners will Bee how much depends on their own conenct during their confinement in this prison . According to their bebavinnr and improvement here , will be their future condition in the colo / . y to which they will be sent " Here are strong motives l Hope smiles on all , and cheers their solitary labours . But this ii / fluence is not tbe only one , although the strongest—the fear of punishment—tbe certainty of punishment , and the proximity of punishment , and net the severity of punishment—here is the great secret , patent enough , and long ago laid down by philosophers as the moat influential on human conduct , but strongly neglected in oar practical jurisprudence .
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LITERATURE AS IT IS , AND AS IT MIGHT BB TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Si » , —The worst possible compensation that can be offered for a worthless article is an apology for its infliction . Therefore , lest the following remarks should coma unoer this class , I ahall trouble you with do exordium . In glancing at the present state of Literature , were we to observe its magnitude—that is , the number of sheets issuing from the press , and compare it with , the several stages through which it has passed , we might lift up our hands in astonishment ; bnt if , at the same time , we could get an unobstructed view of what remains to be done , I fear wo would be inclined to throw them down in despair . Yet it should always be borne in mind that quantity of work will never muke amends for defects of quality ; and wben we serutiuise operations a little closer , it becomes apparent that our present progress is more that of wading through a vaBt Hlough , than travelling on anything like a high road .
Did variety of price constitute perfection , our Literature would net be wanting , as at one end we have guinea volumes , and at the ether farthing traotp . It requires very little penetration to discover for whom the former class is intended ; and the publishers have always manifested a most earnest desire for keeping it exclusive both to readers and writers . They have hedged it ronnd with an amount of expense that would frighten any save men of moderate circumstances . Why , a work is not considered to have had fair p ! ay unless £ 80 has been expended on advertising it And the necessity is artificial . The money is spent to puff it forcibly down the publio throat Thus we have a string of laudatory paragraphs tacked to the name of every one ( sometimes a d ( am in the day ) , quoted from the journals , tbat . according to out experience of the past , might be used with propriety once in a century .
Were «« to believe these literary parasites , onr writers have long since passed the clouds . Bat tbe value of their hireling sbonts i > becoming known , and for the future it will be in quite as good taste for the author or publisher to put his ^ own name to b / a own praise , as to use that of ar . y base tooL But they have in a great measure defeated themselves , at least as far as the " fashionable" portion ( nine-tenths ef the whole ) is concerned . The libraries ate now their only purchasers , and in three months from the date of publication , these brilliant productions , " sparkling with wit " and "redolent of genius , " are sold for a few pence per volume , and dispensed in pieces from the hucksters ' shops . Alas I for the fashionable rubbish—the chef dteuvres of the greatest geniuses that ever astonished he W 9 $ id I Long may they keep it to themselves j
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Turuinij from toe fasiiioaable sbctioa we necessarily fall on the periodicals . Tbese should be especially the fosterers ot genius ; and yet in all that motley collection , aa many year ai they are now in existence , what little baa app- arsd in support of that title ! Cortai&ly , in the myrud of p 9 riodical contributors , ttura are a fe" ^ , -whom it ¦ wouWibe invi-iious to mention , that we might wish to soa in better company ; but , for the grand majority , what have they benefitted society ? Society , did I say ? They write by the sheet It is also true enough that a few wrih n of eminence have been amongst them for a little time , but they did not rise out of them . However , if the periodicals contained much bettor matter than the rihnld nonsense aud
puritanical essays that nil them at present , they are too dear at half-n-crown , at least for the " lower classes , " properly so called , as they cavry tbe other classes on their shoulders ; and as it ; ia to these I would direct my remarks , I shall tarn at once to tha works intended for their use . One grand defect , it seems to me , has mote or less run through ail the publications for tbe million tbat have yet appeared—nsniely , a want of sympathy -wub their readers . They have ; invariably been projected aa profltfchle speculations , nn <} by men wbo carod little whether society stood on its head or its neela , provided their magazine succ . -eded . If there be any person amongst them deserving of a better character , to him I can only say that he has taken the wrong method of
making it manifest ' Satae laad&alo attempts have been made , from' time to time , by Leigh Hunt and others , to mould the tuste of the reading world after their owri hearts , and , for some reaBon , la vain . Tbe earth "parted for each in its turn , and nothing was left to tell tbe tale . Even Messrs Ctambers , ail-succetBful as they havs been , have lately discovered that there was a class whom they did not rencb , and several nooks ant 1 , corners which thsir che :. p works had not penetrated . Accordingly farthing tracts are devised , and Io ! 1 he first number presents itself as tbo " Life of Li uis Philippe . " This is one of the new order of missionaries . Bat they urn also intended for the librariaB of prisons and workhouses—fit tracts for such places . Yet Messrs Chambers ure ritrht . There is
auather class of readers whom th « y have not reached , and I suspect will not reach ; and a numerous one too , if we may judge by the quantity of matter prepared fur their especial benefit . Indeed it forma an ur . miatake * able section of our literature ; its staple is murder , and it is sold at the cheapest rate . Why in one of these publications a person gets a dozen excellent murders , or more , for one penny . Think of that—a dozen subatantial murders for a penny ! They are none of your common pistollings , nor hurried jobs ; but murders that give the readers ev < . ry satisfaction as to atabbintj , hacking , scattering brains , &c . ; in fact , the worth of bis money . I observed a , | few days ago an exhUition against the w . lls of the did Fleet prison , of a large pic ture divided into Bis compartments , each representing a
different murder . It proved to be tbe mode adopted for setting forth the beauties of a new penny publication , and there was a contiqued crowd gazing at it with intense admiration . And this vile dirt sells in tens of thousands . We might be inclined to laugh at the disgusting dtisire that seeks such hideous ^ food , but it is of a-piece with that which hurries the self-same people to the gallows-foot to watch the dying struggles of the law ' s victim , and to which so many lives were sacrificed lately at Nottingham . Now the man that will toot out this morbid taste of ' . he million will deserve the thanks of the honest portion of society ; but it ia not to bo done by the Chambers' tracts—( the Life of Louis Philippe ) , nor by the mawkish nonsense emanating from other quavtets . \ Tbe public mind must be led , not driven ; and he that attempts to drive it will sooner or later find his mistake . However we must not censure too hastily in the lower classes this thirst for blood , as it pervades sll to the highest . There is now
appearing in a ladies Magazine , a romance under the alluring title of " The Bridal and ; lbs Murder . " What a particularly attractive bill of fare for the laities ! It is needless to multiply instances . We rind it everywhere . This is the worst of pandering , or it prucweda frum the author ' s peculiar taste , jlf tbe latter , I stivuld not UKe to meet one of these descendants of Cain on a mountain , lest be might feel aj wish for trying in reality what he hud 80 long practised on paper . Another very great exception , I think , must be taken to tbe preseut style of cheap periodicals , tjnrt one of which 8 « me of them have been rash enough to boast—the exclusion of politics . If they mean the tactics of party , they may certainly claim credit for keeping in their senses ; but as far as the workiDg man's politics , his Tights , are concerned , there is no satisfactory reason yet framed why it should be so . Why should tbete be excludud from what he is intended to re-id , all that , at this . side of eternity , is worth his living for—the very essence of his future vitality ? I .
Bufore winding up these crude ; an desultory remarks , I wish to state that they are intended merely : ia hints for the consideration of others , and not as au exposition of faults and remedies . ; The question of "Literature as it might be , " involves so many contingencies , that I have rather evaded than met it , in thi /? liniite < 1 space . Let the working cLissesjconsider the &ul > jact , and they will feel themselves bound to support uo journal from which those amongst themselves , who would be an honour and an ornament to it , and them &"e fxc ' . udud . Thus they would soon Lave a periodical supphtu as fat as practicable by men of their own htatiun . What an incentive would they ] then have Tor the pursuit of literature . I may bs ] told that there is no talent amongst them for such an undertaking . I would be strongly inclined to return an unmannerly answer to
the assertion , but would only point to TuOM . Let us remember that men tine : ' with circumslatiusa ; and tbat the talent of tho working man has never yet been encouraged . We all know from what a well barrod prison it has to burst before it gains the Ji ^ ht . Even then what a fate has hitherto awaited it > It . ia boaated now with some reason , that SHaKSI'ERE was able to retire in the end of his life , and die ia peace ; tbat is , that he was not forced ip apply for a beggina ; licence , like Stow , or did not pisriab for lock of bread , as did SPEKCER and a hundred others . It in , I think , partly for our own consideration whether things will remain so or not . What hope would it be for the future ? Well , well , there is , perhaps , little use in talking ; but while literature is entirely in tbe bands of those who only seek profit from it , { genius must remain the " glory and reproach" of ita country . Nemo .
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p&rions , iwouLy-aeVija ot vWiUin ^ vftsre ^ uvini ; , \ ix a su-WJ oflieut&oa concubinage , aad t ' -ro of the twenty « oTen were even cl&ai leaders ia the Society ! " Si ; roly these truths will epen toe eyes of the pious and fj ? uevolont , and induce them to withhold their support to the missions . We have millions ef poor in onr own toantry in a state of positive starvation , and to the disgrace of our Clergy , one-half of tbem are totally uneducated ; albeit , we must throw hundreds of thr < u sands of pounds away upon savages and persons wbo bate us , while our brethern are left to perish at ho-ie . That the Missionaries and class leaders in other scu ' aments are equally base , we know from tbe fact . U , it not long since , a friend of ours returned from the S h Ssas , where he found those pious gentry living :. ; , oa uncommon good terms with the native women , and in the enjoyment of every luxury the island affjKL . 1 . — Weekly Dispatch .
Get Rid op Them . —An attorney in Dublin having died exceedingly poor , a shilling subscription was set on foot to pay the expenses of hia funeral . Most of the attorneys and barristers having subscribed , one of them applied to Toler , afterwar la Lord Chief Justice Norbury , expressing hia hope tl . % t he would also subscribe hw shilling . " Only a e £ \ 1-ling , " said Toler , " only a shilling to bury an attcruey 1 Here is a guinea : go and bury one and twonly of them . " A Wholesale Teetotaller . —In a neighbouring city , a few nays ago , a bacchanalian from the country expressing a determination to become s teetotaller , consulted a wag as to the mode of procedure , when he was jocularly recommended la ^ 0 to the office of the New Water Company . W **" n the rustic called , a number of clerks were seat-xt \ % their desks , but the manager was absent , lio-ig
anxious for information , ha asked if many wore joining just now ? He was answered , " Oh , yi ? . " He further inquired , " Do you tak' a drap you-rM -3 ' occasionally j" " What do you mean , k ' t V " Now , " rejoined the would be water votary , " toll me honestly—do you not tak' a spark o' wlr- ^ y aval" " Oh , certainly , " was the auswer . "J was just thinkin' as muokla , " quoth he / One-clerk ftskadl another , " What does the old quiz mean ? " when she manager made his appearance . Bumpkin wa « than politely shown into the manager ' s rooms , upon wlroh he expressed a wish to join the soenrty . " W"U , Sir , " said the manager , "it ' s eighty pounds a share . ' * " Eighty pounds , Sir 1 " exclaimed the so di ? &nt waE . r-bibber in amazement , " what for ? " " Ob , for the water , Sir . " " Eighty pounds for water Saul , I'll etick to the whisky yet ! " said ho , emphatically , and bolted out of the office . —Dur , ie& Adverlixer .
Sheffield Park . —The Duke of Norfolk is abemf to give firry acres of land to tbe people of £ be £ k > d 1 for plea ure-grouuds .
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London Corn Exchange Monday , Octobki ; V 3 . —The arrivals of English Wheat up to our ms-rkjt daring the past week ha / e been moderately £ jou ; while those of Barley and Oats , colleciively , iv ^ rg very extensive . Fresh up , the reoeipt 3 of Wheat of home produce , coastwise , as well a& by land carriage and sample , were by no means large , yet the « taud 3 were well filled . Owing , however , ^ to the Q . ssa ' s visit to the City , for the purpose of opening tn < aew Royal Exchange , the attendance of both factor- and dealers was small , and so little business was iraasaceed in consequence that last week ' s pric .-wera
nominally unaltered . The same cause vhioh influenced the trade with English Wheat oper * u . d upoa tbat wirh Foreign , the rates of which ^ s'O stationary . There was a large quantity of Bir ' -y ou sale . The few transactions reported were at fill currencies , although much caution was mani * - - " . ed by the dealers , arising from the present < -x . v aa value of tbe article . Malt , the Bupply of whici . vofl by no means large , moved t ff slowly , at late < & : c 3 i The quantity of Oats offering waa large , but we bs . ? 0 to report "very few sales in that description of ^ riin , at previous figures . Beans , Peas , and Flour , wer <~ a mirfl drug , at late rates .
London Smithfikld Cattle Market . —In <> ir market the suppiy of Beasts was , even for the '> tag of year , considered very extensive , the numbers bespoke for last evening exceeding 4 , 000 head ; ju ; a great deficiency was apparent in its quality . Notrviihstanding the attendance of buyers was rather nuu :-xous / the Beef trade was extremely heavy . Howuvcr , the primest Sects , &a ., sold at prices about ew * :: * , ! to those obtained on this day se ' nnUht ; but thocc of the middling and inferior breeds suffered a < i c . Jna of quite 2 d per 8 ! b . and a clearance was not effec-c J . tfi
From our northern gr&zmg districts we rec- - ~ d about 2 . 200 short horns , while the droves if .. a Norfolk , Suflolfc , Essex , aad Cambridgeshrij , consisted of 400 Scots and homebreds ; those from the western and midland counties comprised 4 » iQ Herefords , runts , Devona , &c ; those from oii . r parts of England 500 of various breeds ; while i : a Scotland 200 Scots came to hand , by steamers . Du-.- _ S the week the imports of iore ; # a Stock under the i-.- V tariff have been large , they having amounted to lt ; Q Beasts , and 160 Sheep , thereby makingt& following totals for the present year : —
Oxon and Cows . London 1 743 Liverpool 80 Hull 250 Southampton 9 ^ 0 Davonporfc 160 Total 3 , 190 There wore en sale to-day 40 Beasts and 50 S ... 'p from " Rotterdam in fair condition . The supply A Beef was but moderate , yet the Mutton trade was a a vrry siuggish state , at barely last week ' s prioc-i . In Calves , the nunibers of which were rather limn ad , next to nothing wa 3 doing . The same observe . tion may bo applied to Pigs .
Borough and Spitalfields . —A very lar . 79 quantity of Potatoes arrived in the Pool during u . a past week from Scotland , tbe Channel Islands , aa I various parts of England . The demand , in comequenoe , is exceedingly dull , at drooping figures . Pej ton : —York Reds , 60 s to 8 O 3 ; Perth ditto , 55-- ' 3 60 s ; Cornwall ditto , 553 to 6 O 3 ; Jersey Blues , : ' m ~ ; ditto Whites . 45 i to 503 ; Kent and Essex Whites , . V * ; Wisbpach Kidnoys , 553 to 60 s ; ditto Whites , of - t , j 55 s ; Guernsey Blues , 50 s ; ditto Whites , 45 s to S \ J Pfiuce Regents , 503 to 60 s . Wool Market . —The arrivals of Wool into Londr-i since Tuesday last have consisted of 1 , 400 bales from Sydney , 100 ditto from Smyrna , 71 ditto from Al £ O 2 > Bay , 100 bales from Hamburgh , and 200 ditto r r- > ni other parts . By private contract comparat w y little business is doing , yet prices are general . / supported .
Borough Hop Market . —For selected qqa !! iic 3 of both new aud yearling Hops the demand sv . "I continues active , at fully the late advance in tho quotations . In most kinds of Hop 3 a fair busir . es- i 3 doing , at oar quotations . The duty is called £ 130 , , > . Sussex pockets , £ 6 10 s to £ 7 10 s ; Wealds , £ 6 lJista £ 8 ; Mid Kent , £ 8 to £ 10 10 s ; East Kent , £ 7 7 a fJ £ 9 ; choice do ,, £ 10 to £ 12 ; Farnbams , £ 10 : \ j to £ 12 . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Oct . C \ —A guod demand has been experienced throu ^ ho . ; the week , for extra superfine English and lrvh Flour , for which the full currency of our last martr-5 day was readily obtained ; but all other sorts hai 0 continued to meet a slow , limited sale , at abous prcvi- us prices . An active business has been pasfio ^ rates j
in Oatnoeal , and rather higher were realispii For Oats there has likewise been a steady inquiry , and a slight improvement in their value was observable . An improved feeling wa 3 apparent in tha Wheat trade at our market this morning , and a fair amount of business was transacted m that article , ? i fully the currency of this day se ' nnight . Choioa superfine Flour continued to meet a ready sale , ai full prices ; but middling descriptions were in limited request , at barely previous rates : whilst inferior qualities were freely offered on lower terms , witho : i inducing purchasers to come forward . A bri . 5 demand was experienced for Oatmeal , and an advance of fid . per 2401 bs . was realized . OatB were also taken to a fair extent b y consumers , and must be quott i £ d . to Id . per 45 ibs . higher . Beans were Is . p ? r quarter deaver .
. Liverpool Corn Market , Monday , Cctobeb 3 . —Since thia day se ' nnight we have bad a good supply of Irish Flour and O&uae&I , but moderate aTrivaJa of the otliei articles of the trade . The only ehan ^ ia the duties on Foreign produce 19 a fall of Is . p ^ r quartern Rye—to i * . 6 d . per quarter . The charact ?^ of the Wheat trade during the same period has beea that of firmness , with a tolerably f&ir demand for consumption , upon which prices for both old and nev ? Wheat have advanced Id . per bushel . Flour has met a moderate sale , without change in va ae . Within the last two days we have had few Oal j
fresh up , and , although in limited request , rathe ? higher prices had to be paid for the few bought oa Friday : 2 s . 9 ^ d . per 45 lbs . for the best offering . A large business has been done in Oatmeal , the last sales here being at 22 s . 6 d . to 23 s . for old , and 233 6 d . to 24 s . per 240 lbs . for new : 6 d . per load abor-a the rates obtainable on this day se ' nnignt . Several lots of Peas have beea taken for the country , and this article must be noted fully Is . per quarter dearer . Barley and Beans are also held for rather more money . In bond there have been Bold ft fe ^ T pareels of sour Flour at 14 s . 3 d . to 14 s . 6 d ., and ona or two of United States Bweefc at 16 s . 6 d . per 196 lbs .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Oct . 28 . —We have had a heavy supply of Catsle at market to-day , the greatest portion of second-rate and inferior quality , which met with dull sale ; any thing primo eagerly sought after , and sold at good prices for this time of the year . Beef 4 &d . to 5 £ d ., Mutton 5 &d . to 5 fd . per lb . Number olf Cattle s ^ -Beasts 2127 , Sheep 6025 . Cattle imported into Liverpool . From tha 21 st to the 28 th Oct . 2774 Cows , 34 Calves , 5808 Sheep , 0 Lambs , 5720 Pigs , 63 Horses . Richmond Corn Market , Oct . 26 . —We had a tolerable supply of grain in oiv & **}*[ *« " A : Wheat sold from 5 s w 7 s 6 d ; OTtsjb 4 s to 3 s 4 d , Barley 3 s 9 d , to 44 2 a ; Beans 41 U to 5 a ; pet bushel .
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THE XEW AGE AND CONCORPIUM GAZETTE— Jvoyimber , i This month ' s number contains articles " On \ Woman ; " " Seasonings , Condiments , and Stimulants ; " "Phonography , " ntc . The Coneordists propose to remove to a moro commodious situation than that at present occupied . They say : — We shall thank our friends for any information they 1 can give as on this subject Oar chief requisites are , pnre air , plenty of good water , and from twenty to fifty acres of land of average qoal ty , frtebold , and , if possible , tilhe free , sittxttd in a locality Vfell adapted for the growth of / raits , corn , and lax or temp- With j regard to hoxise , gardens , 01 other conveniences , these are secondary considerations , for we are prepared first i to labonr before vre desire to be panttcis of tbe fxaita
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Missionaries and ? their Dupes . —We have always thought , and recent circumstances have tended in no slight degree to { confirm our views , that if the amount of money collected in Exeter Hall and elsewhere for the support of Missionaries abroad , were spent at home , our artisans aud labourers would he far better off than they now are . We are not averse to the promulgation of 'pure religion ; we would joyfully assist its advancement , by alii the means ia our power ; but when we know that thousands of pounds are annually spent in sending out Missionaries to distant parts , whose objects are not only questionable , but positively intolerant and cruel , we must set our face ^ igainat the scheme . A few facts may induce persona in future to
withhold money from the missionaries , and bestow it upon distressed objects jat home . In Persian Cf a'dea the Methodists have called upon the Nestoriaus to renounce the religion of their forefathers , and embrace Wfflleyanism . Th * inhabitants retaliated upon their excessive impertinence by knocking djwn their chapals and schools , and the Nestorian Bishop issued on order of excommunication against any one of his flock who might join the missionaries . While the roothodists preached from their pulpits the necessity of worship as a means of promoting -morality , n » one objected , or could object to their presence in Chaldea . Thus far , their conduct was perfectly unobjectionable ; but wben they called upon the population to renounce their faitb , and embrace Christianity , knowing , moreover , what
fierce wars for religion ' s sake bad been carried on in England , the act was positively atrocious , and we are g '» 3 the Nestorians punished them . If a people are happy and prosperous under % prevailing religion , whether tbat religion be Mahometan or Hindoo , it ought not to be disturbed in favour of Christianity , even if there were no doubt respecting its authenticity . Some I over-pious missionaries , some time since , fired upon the natives of one ef the Sandwich Islands , as an inducement to tbem to unite " under the banner of Christ . " j Waa this the way to create respect towards a religion which bad been represented to the natives as one of love and peace ? The present race of missionaries are not a wttit better in temper and disposition than those ferocious tigers who , in ascea
past , in the guise of priests , wreaked vengeance upon all who disputed their authority or the truth of their religion . Tbat these missionari * are nut to be trusted away from home , we have ample pruuf ; they are falliblii , like othtir men : thtir outward garb metely encloses a mass of wretched ; hypocrisy and gross sensuality . Let us state a few facts . A Wesleyan Missionary Society Meeting was held the other day at the Oity Rond Chapel . Mr . T . jB . Freeman ( a reverend , of course ) , missionary to Cape Coast Castle , was present . This Mr . Freeman , some time since , raised £ 5 . 000 in tbe United Kingdom , for the purpose of missionariaing Africa , and no doubt his object is now to raise the wind again , by another begging excursion throughout the country . How the mom-y raised baa been expended ,
let the subscribers and the publio know . In the report of the Society many statements regarding the mission are grossly exaggerated : j some of them are positively alse . For example , a statement iB made by Mr . Freeman in tbe report for 1840-1 , that ground was cleared for a coffee plantation at Doininasl , and towards which Mr . Freeman received £ 100 froai the " African Civf-1 ' zition Society , " which place , a writer in tbe Times taya — "I visited year after { year , and found tbat not one inch of ground vraa even then actually cleared , nor one coffee tree planted . I might mention , that in the report for 1842-3 , { it is stated that tbe mission
school in Kumasi ia in successful operation , when , at tbe time , no such school waa in existence , nor bad one ever been commenced ! " These are sweeping charges . But tbe writer goes oa : — " Concubinage ia tolerated by the Wesleyan Missionaries , and practised by the members of their societies ; both males and females cohabiting together unmarried are admitted to the sacrament of the [ Lord ' s Supper , and duly and formally recogn ' zed as members of the Wealeyan Society , on tbe Gold Coast , Western Africa . " This statement afjibrv * a pretty picture of the laxity of morals among themethodists ; bat we [ now come to a by far worse ewe . The same writer says— " In Match , 1812 , 1 found a Wealeyan Society at Dominaai , consisting of sixtj 1
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A BOWL OF "PUNCH . MISEE . T AMONGST TBE FLOWERS . Esther Pierce , another pallid victim of the needle , was charged > t Worship-street , with illegal pawning . Yes—famine took her to the pawnbroker with tbe goods of a Mr . JohnHalden , of 62 , Bread-street , Cheapaide . Esther Pierce waa employed to embroider a silk shawl with flowers—with no less than eighty silken bloysoms—for the sum of 6 d ! Well , this was a hard day's work ; bringing something less than a halfpenny an hour . The young woman had neither food nor drink ; and so , with misery and famine at her heartin tbe very despair ef biting hunger—she took Mr . John Halden ' B property to the pawnbroker , She is urged , tempted—sorely tempted bejfcnd the power of suffering nature to withstand—to commit crime , to make herself a felon , by the miserable w&ge » awarded .
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tier by the tradesmen of Bread-streer , Catapside . Bread-street ' . /—There is a cruel irony even in tke address . There is a Bociety ^ -all honoured be its object—for tbe relief and conversion of miserable young woman , cast like weeds upon the world—for the wretched Magdalen , despised , outraged , degraded . This society Calls with the voice of comfort to the defiled creature , and teaches her , in goodly season , modesty , self-reapect . She is snatched from daily , hourly perdition , and restored to tbe dtcencies of life . She is no lon £ er an animal , cursed with a soul . All praise be to the institution that works this goodness . '
Yet , surely we think , the principle of Wickedness must grin and feug itself at tbe gatherings of this society —must chuckle , aa the devil only chuckles—when the secretary , wkh grave face and self-complacent tone , reads the number of victims saved—of brands snatched from tbe fire—and turned to worthy uses . We say , his same Wickedness must laugh at the email retail humanity of such an institution , when , as in mockery of it , there are thousands of youug wornjn tortured by the injustice of the world , by its mercenary , heartless talking , into a life of infamy . A feeble philanthropy saves indeed a few wretches ; but then there is a Giant Injustice—iron-hearted son of avarice and trade—that drives his crowds into the street ; that makes them in
a wild despair of heart—for bread , horrid bread indeed so purchased—bind themselves to agony and shame 1 Hew many fall—how many with heroic serenity of soul , their wounds bleeding inwardly , pine from day to day , and at length wither from tbe earth , no more accounted of than autumn fli . sJ And now and then some haggard , wl ite-lipped creature—some famishing Esther Pierce for the Sake of a meal dares Newgate and the doom of a felon . And so it will be , until throughout all society it shall be preached— . not meekly mouthed , but preached with a terrible , soul-submitting energy , that there are holier things than pounds and shillings ; that human souls are in very truth of mote account than bank paper .
Esther Pierce—our readers will rejoice at it—escaped prison , the benevolent pawnbroker ( we should have liked to chronicle his name ) giving up the shawl witbout payment—the shawl which contained the eighty fl > Wtrs , worked for 6 d ! In tin East they have a wellknown way of arranging flowers that , like words , they may discourse a passien . Alj-s . ' what a story may the eye of pity read in these eighty flowers , worked for a tester . Oh tbe one hand what cruel , selfish , ironhearted tasking 1 On the other what misery—what weariness of life—what utter blanknefis of all that Bhould comfort and sustain toiling humanity ! We should like to know the particular eighty flowers worked for 6 d by Esther Pierce for John . Halden . Is it posaible that for such a tradesman any of them could be heart s-ease ?
Mr . Ha Wen , in a letter to the Times , saya , tbat " he gives considerably more than sixpence" for such work ; but then , : with the diffidence of genuine liberality , he does not specify how much more . Mr . Halden also observes , trat the wretched story of Ectber Pierce is " calculated to do him serious injury . " We do not ; think it unlikely . In conclusion , however , we would say to all whole-Bale dealers in embroidered shawls , give something more to female toil than sixpence for eighty flowers . Something more , considerate ma'tera { So tbat whiltt your wretched slaves are working flowers , your own con-Bcience 8 riiay not—for the after time—be working nettles . THE MEEK REMO > 8 TJUNCE OF THE MAN IN Brass ' . —To Ma , Alderman ^ Jibbs . —The last twenty
years , Sir , I have always been one of the principal BiRbtB at : the Lord Mayors Shew . When I say this , I needn't tell you tbat I am the man wbo rides in brass armour . I was brought up to the bar , but having . In consequence of a fatal modesty of temperament , failed as an Old Bailt-y pleader , I Was compelled to make the most of my very fine figure by riding the high horse every 9 th of November in a compU-te suit of mail . Denied the Old Bailey bar , I neverthtless still thought 1 could profit by brass in some shape . I confess it ; I have very often thought myself elevat > d above my merits . When tiding in state , and locking over the heads of certain Aldermen , 1 have thought that nature had created tbem with a larger claim to the brass than myself . Nevertheless , I have thouaht they had
sufficient opportunity of exhibiting their native metal on tbe magistrate ' s bench and at Guildhall meetings . Hereupon I did not feel wholly abashed at the un worthiness of my elevation . Alas , Sir , iiow it is otherwise ! With you , elected as Lord Mayor , ray position is gone . It is impossible tbat I can stand against Bucta rivalry . I shall be no more thought of in the tbow than so much -gilt gingerbresd . Those who deign to look at me will turn away from my despised glories , as men turn away from bad money . " You the mun in brass ! " they will cry , with contemptuous unbelief , " Pooh , pooh !—a rascally counterfeit . " And then , Sir , they will turn to a certain carriage , and with an exulting shout—a ebout that , through my metal , must wither my very marrow —will acknowledge the presence of the true thine— the
man of the greatest brass in all famed London ' s city . I beseech you , Sir , think of my condition . Li-t me be paid , for I cannot forego tbe fee ; but , good Sir , dispense with my services on the cowing 0 th of November . Why should 1 be set upon horseback , only to serve as a foil to your Burpasaing merits ? Besides , to put metal upon metal is bad heraldry . Therefore , Sir , let me , on tho important ninth , ttm&in in the bosom ot my family . Do not enforce my presence in the procession only to couquer we . Aa yeu are strong , be nercful ; and bo you shall ever have the sympath ' zing admiration of , Youn > , eclipsed , The Man in Brass . I Hurrah for High-handed Justice : —We aTe glad to see that the Mfimiam of our ancestors , as evinced in the pui jihment of offenders , which , we feared , had
fallen into general contempt , coDtmui . s , in some favoured nooks of these dominions , to govern the proceedings of the magistracy . A glorious case occurred ac the Banbury Petty Sessions . One John Otjgiiis , labourer , was charged with an offenee sgainst the game laws . He tad been seen , on tbu morning of the 1 st of September , walking about in a stubble field with a gun . William Cowl n ? , one of the Earl of Jersey's lookers-out , saw him , the rascal ! Coggins , to he sure , had no dog , nor did any game get up , neither did he fire ; but witness took his gun away . A stupid jury might have doubted whether he was sparrow shooting ot not , or have believed bis story , that bo was going to guard bis potato crop . But he had a true English magistrate to d-al with , wh < # was too di op f ar the rogue . Mr . Matthews said it was painful to him to address the prisoner . Of
course . Mr . Matthews , says the Times reporter , is a clergyman , as veil as a sportsman ; and we may excuse the weakness , particuiuriy as Mr . Matthews , smothering bis sensibilities , inflicted on the offender 1 penalty ol t « n pounds , and said a distress warrant should be levied f « r the amount . Coggins declared that bis goods weuld not fetch that money . ' Then" said the just Slattbews ( bow well a malediction in a lay mouta would have sounded after tho " Then <• ' ) you stand committed for two months' hard labour . " Coggins win prcbabjy be ruined , with hia wife and family , if he baa any . This is tbo way to keep fellows in order . This is the method to teach , people what they are at . Would that our Vqiiircurcby had still the making of the laws . Rogues would sson see what was what . O , for the good old days of the stocks , the pillory , and tbe gallows . Alas ! they scarcely ever bane anybody now !
Lovely Law . —Sarah Greengrave , a hungry girl , pulls a few turnips in a field near Maidstone . She is brought before tbe petty sessions , and fined fourpence for the turnips , with tbree-and-sixpence costs , and sixpence penalty . The crime is assessed at sixpence , and the thief is then robbed by law ( with a crape upon its face ) disguised as costs , of— three-and-six-pence I We ask , which is tbe greatest thief ? How often does some magistrate , with a Burgundy face , mouth it very solemnly on the necessity of tbe poor respecting the la ^ ra 1 With such cases as the above before us , Wby not preach respect for Sawney Bean , or any other Child * eater ?
Untitled Article
Kotembes % 1844 . THE NORTHS RN ST A R . j 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 2, 1844, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1287/page/3/
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