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AxLOTM£NTS.~The Duke of Buckingham is increasing allotments of land. He has recently Bigni-
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jforliKomins Ct)artt**t $SL.eetinq0
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Cimrttex 3En!?ntg*m*.
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THE LAND! ITSYALUE ; AND HOW TO €ET*IT.-TO THE "W0BKI5G CLASSES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mt Fxi £ 5 DS ,--As it 13 manifest »^ at ffie next material change in tie affairs of this oountry must j » a return from our unsuccessful artificial experiment to a more natural course o ^ station i and as the former has led to a system o * oenAT&lizafiOu norri-D 2 e w contemplate , vhUe V latter alone can be relied upon as a means r , f creating national
aggrandisement through ' jjdiyjdnal comfort and contentment ; and as the . l ^ ^ the only raw material to which eac ^ m ^ has sufficient capital to apply for his r ^ benefit , I again address yon on * hat aH-iP jportant subject , O&serre , ^ ^ jour order has been invariably robbed ' of every share in the many great improvements , ^ at have taken place , because you never Hire , prepared with any defined plan of operation Tspon which to rely , after ihe old enemy had been destroyed .
By tne 43 rd of Elizabeth , the Overseers of the Poor were compelled to furnish workmen with rate material for their several trades , to BE tfobkeo at HO 3 I 5 ; vralle the wisb provisions oi ihat enactment threw the onus of keeping up a fair standard of wages for the agricultural labourer on the landlords and their tenants . The labourer was to be the man provided for ; and the landlords and their tenants were the parties to adjust the provision . Instead , howeTer , of discharging that principal duty , upon which condition their right to the soil was based .
they found it more convenient to rob the labourer altogether j and not only that , bni by depriving th . 5 other branches of labourers of the power of manufacturing for themselves at home , they drove them into competition against the agricultural labourer , or sent them to the workhouse . Now it is quite clear to me , that when society prefers keeping a arge amount of Its members in idleness to enabling Ihem to support themselves by their own industry ths gov&sning porfiou of society must have some , object ia view . If society will pay £ 7 , 000 , 000 annually to idlers , it 13 quite clear that society has
entered into a great . anti-labour union for its own advantage . If those £ 7 , 0005000 were expended in the purchase of raw material for individuals to work , It would ereale a sufficient protection to enable the " hand" to compete against wood and steel : and for that reason , society ( upon a very just principle of political economy , but a very bad and unjust use of lQpreffcrpaying that large amouni of money to protec ; machinery against manual competition ; and this very portion of society it is that declaims st > vehemently against all protection . It ia evident thai under ihe present system you cannot compete against large
espitalists ; ^ indeed men with £ 10 , 000 and even £ 5 ijJ 0 Q cannot hold their ground against men with £ 10 t ) , 0 o 0 and ] £ 200 , 000 . The whole capital of the country is hourly becoming centralized in the hands Of those who prefer paying £ 7 , 000 , 000 a year , to permitting aoy competition against their craft . You are daily seeing the effect of Centralization . " Within a very few years , the parties who are bawling out forprotecnon 3 have expended , and are prepared to expend nearly £ 200 , 000 , 005 in railway spsculaticns . Now , this is out an item ; and if to it we add the eaormous sums expended by the same parties in
boilding speculations , and the purchase of " estates " from ihe " tyrant landlords , " together "tviih the valne of their . " concerns , " " stocks , " and ** floating capital , " we can scarcely guess at the amount 0 / money possessed by that portion of society -which 11 P 2 Oi £ crs" itself from competition at an expenee of £ 7 , 0 oo , -000 Iper annum , and which they compel xll to contribute . If thi 3 enormon 3 amount oi pront found its way through the legitimate channels of distribution , the Government profit upon , it , in 'the shape of excise and customs , wonld have rendered any direct taxation unnecessary : but being centralized in the hands of the " protected ''
tosses , Sir Robert Peel was compelled to follow it and ferret it out of thos ? pockets , to which " p&oteciios * had consigned it . That is the meaning of the Property and Income Tax . In a very xe-w years , labour has been robbed of about ioliD . OdOjOl-O sterling . Tie specnlaiions made bv the capitalists , and ihe necessity of an Income Tax , prores fuiiy that you have no * had Ton * £ jt *» o « t tils money : and what is worse , every million saveJ
increases the power of the wealthy , and adds to ; the burdens of the poor , because it is filched by the one , or the few , from the pockets of the macy ; and j because property will command power . Sir Robert ' Peel is compelled to meet this social system of I centralization by corresponding financial ceniraliza- ; Htm ; while the landlords and capitalists are studying how they can best apply the principle to their s cwa respectiTe interests . ]
"Well , now , I shall treat of the landlord ' s m-ans , of and interest in , centralization . A Judgeship '• Ins recently become vacant by the retirement off lilr . Justice Erskine , from ill-health ; and al- j Ihough thi Hon . ilr . James Wortlry has not > note i « en appointed as Ma successor , yet the ibe press admit 3 Mr . Wortley ' s daim on a fnture 1 occasion . I am rather surprised that the wily j diplomatist , Lord Wharncliffe , father to Mr . Jamea ; "Wonky , ihe Judge in embryo , has given up the ' 'bird in the hand for the bird in the bush " : butJ
Bon 13 . Probably Sir Robert Peel would not consent , ' However , I rhall use the fact that ilr . Wortley ha 3 j been named for the o&ce , and his H claim" pre- j ferred by his father , now in the Cabinet , to j fHuntrate my position . I shall show fbat j Lord "Wharncliffe has a great interest in setting to j Boeiety the example of attaching a politico , rather i ibaa an agricultural valae to the Land . Lord"Wliimcliffe is , as I havejust said , in the cabinet-j His son ihe Hon . John Wortley , is one of the nnder j secretaries . When James Wortlej—for he is a ] v srar 3 man—shall be on the Bench , Lord Wbarn- ;
cHSe and two of his sons will have nearly £ 12 , 000 t-year out of the taxe 3 . Sow for three in one family , don ' t you think that that is a better " crop" from [ ihe Land than the best crop of wheat or potatoes ? . ' and better ' ' stock" than fat sheep or oxen ? Don't , you think that Lord Wharnclife can veil afford to I "keep A « land in the wholesale voting market instead of briBging it into the retail labonr-market ? and . don ' t you think he 13 wise in using his social in-, nuence with Mr . Snooks and Mr . Styles to per- ; ta&de them to do likewise , that their families ' may become parsons , police inspectors , excise andj tOatom-honsB cfiieeis , and all tne rest of it ? Well \ ihen , the Land in its present state is more valuable
to Lord Wherncliffe and his class ihan it vrosild be ; I 2 the retail market : and he iciH consent that hjs IesaMS shall pay any amount of-poor-rates to " pro- \ Ucf ' jdm aaainst a competition that would deprive his Land of its patronage-properjy . Lord Wharn- j tlife will not let his land to the Sheffield grinders , in farms of four acres , on a corn-rent and with a le * ag in perpetuity , because that amount would not ) £ iTe a vote ; but if the Land teas once deprived of ifc representative quality , whehebt paxrosaGE is SOW seccsed , he icouldthen let it out in four acres , \ one acre , or one rood , as it would be more valuable in ihe retail market . \
pAi 2 O >\ iGX , which is a consequence of , and springs from , the TLaxge P&rm System , teiihhoids ihe land from pou ; while the law of primogeniture , an < i the barbarous castom of settlement and -entail , prevents Eneh as are able from traying small allotments of land . To break through both these barriers is easy and simple , and should be the great national object . By its accomplishment alone can you now-set up ihe principle of individualism against that of centralization . How to effect the object is what men
desire to know . u First principle men" say it is n anti-demoratic" to buy what helong 3 to the people by right . These "Jirst principle" gentlemen are Toy great bores . They might just as "well Bay , a dont buy that leg of mutton , or that loaf , because they belong to you of right : " but if you steal them you'll he tTansported . ; and if you don . t buy them you'll starve . I admit that the land of a country belongs to society j and that society , according to its Wants has the very same light to impose fresh
conditions npon the lessees , that the landlord has to impose fresh conditions npon a tenant at the expiration of _ hj 3 tenure . Society is the landlord j and as society never 4 iea , the existing Government are the trustees . As a landlord looks to the improv emente of Kb tenant ftabis own at &e expiration of a lease , so society
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looks on the performance of all the requisite duties as the only condition on which ite lessees can make good their title . The Poor Law Amendment Act is a violation of the condition , the Game Laws are a violation ; the Enclosure of Commons is a violation j the withholding the land from those whose labour upon it would increase the national wealth and individual comfort , i 3 a violation ; qualification of members of Parliament , and
legalized poaehiBg is a violation ; the Com Law is a violation ; the p&jment of tithe , for the exclusive benefit of state parsons is a violation : all the £ 2 are violations : but the thing is to get the iakd , or at all events , ; enough of it to show its value so clearly as to induce society to demand new conditions from those ttho have forfeited all claim to possession by the non-performance of the stipulated conditions on which they hold .
ISow then , how to get possession of some land ; for that is the question that every man asks . " I admit its valne , Sir , but how are we to get it ?" Thus . Possession is ihe thing we want . Political powar and social custom prevents us from getting possession : and want of possession prevents society from comprehending the amount of loss sustained from the want of the land . You cannot buy in small portions . You cannot " take iin" small allotments ; » ad what yon vrant to know is how to do it . I take any amount of money , say £ 20 , 000 , —not a large sum , —to begin with ; not a fraction of what has been
expended in fruitless strikes . I estimate the rent of land , fair good land , at £ 1 an acre . Good land can be had for less ; and it becomes better every year . I care not what is the rate of purchase ; but say twenty-five years purchase : that is , land worth £ 1 an acre would sell out-and-out for £ 25 for ever . £ 20 , 000 would bny eight hundred acres of land : and mark ! you would come as capitalists , with £ 20 , 000 into the market . You b-jy £ 20 , 000 worth of land , eight hundred acres . You want possession , and for ever ; that is , till society shall require the performance of Ntw coi > 'Drno ?> s , when such a distribution would press hardly upon the then societywhich would be in about five hundred years ; a
time that we may safely leave others to legislate for , However , suppose we have bought eight hundred acres of land , and leased it in farms of four acres each , in perpetuity , to two hundred individuals . As soon S 3 possession is granted npon leases for ever , -we sell ihe land thus enhanced in value by increased labour and perpetuity of possession ; and say that we only get what we gave for it , £ 20 , 000 , we buy eight hundred acres more ; subdivide , lease , and sell . Bny , subdivide , ltase , and sell again ; and so on , as long as land was to be had . We can bny whatever is in the market ; and can let it in such allotments as we please , not being shackled with any of the barbarous customs of primogeniture , settlement , or entail .
As the want of capital haB been urged as an objection in the outset , and as a house and two acres of land would be better perhaps than four acres without a house ; and , as two acres , well managed , is worth twenty acres badly managed , any society formed for the purpose of thus obtaining the land would be able to expend £ 30 in the erection of a cottage , and give £ 20 to each tenant to begin with . Pour acres would cost £ 100 , two acres would cost £ 50 : and £ 50 expended on bouse and stock would amount to precisely the same thing as four acres without . Buildings might be so erected as to allow each occupier to add to his own at pleasure . Any Trade Society in England , with £ 20 , 000 oould very easily make five purchases in the year , amounting to £ 100 , 000 ; and thus , in one year , locate onb
THOCSiXD FAMILIES ON TASKS OP 1 WO . ACHES EACH , with a cottage a > t > £ 20 capita ]; ana noia the last purchase themselves as security for the iio . ouo , the original capital on which the plan was based . They would find this mode of " investment" much better security than any bank . At one shilling a week each , 8 , U 00 persons would subscribe more than £ 20 , 000 ; and in a year 1 , 000 , or one in eight of them , would be provided for , and the capital
vastly increased into the bargain . Let us once see the first thousand of those allotment tenants , and then men vrho never saw a green field will begin te learn its value . If all the money that has been spent in Ireland on moonshine had been expended in the purchase and allotment of land , together with what might have been raised for that parpose , ihe " Irish would have had Ireland" twice over : Bat then it 13 belter to vra . nl land than to violate the EBCredness of "first principles . "
The peasantry of Belgium and of Holland , have Small Farms , and are happy , patriotic , and comfortable . I trust that the "first principle " gentlemen , who object to purchase , will show us how they are prepared to get the Land by force of arms . It is true that the People ' s Charter would indnce the Landlords to bring the Land into the retail market when it was . stripped of its political patronage ; but it is equally true that the people never will contend heartily , continuously , and perseveringly , even for the Charter , until they Jearn the value of the land , which is the end of the Charter .
In 1831 I wrote a letter to the farmers of the county of Cork , upon the comparative insignificance of rent of any amount , compared with the disadvantages of uncertainty of tenure , and neglect consequent upon that uncertainty . I Bhewed that rent was a very insignificant item in a small farmer ' s acconnt ; and now see the light in which I put the consideration for you . You pay | £ 5 for manure for one acre of ground , and £ 4 rent for four acres of good land . If " you have a tank , one cow will give you as
much urine as will manure an acre in the year that is of urine alone , without the more solid or the dung . 1 , 200 gallons of tank water will manure an acre well ; and twelve cows will produce tha t amount every month ; consequently onb will produce it in twelve months . Thi 3 manure is better than all your Guano and Sulphate of Ammonia : besides you have it on the spot . ThH 3 the urine of one cow for a year is worth the whole rent of four acres , without calculating the cow dnng . So that you see rent ig but an item , and an insignificant one , when the farmer minds his business and his farm .
Before I conclude I must ha re a word of reply to my Lord Radnor and the wiseacres who repudiate the Small Farm System , because , say they , it has brought poverty on ihe Irish people . TJncebtaihtt OF TENDBB AND XABGE FABM 3 , —and ^ UOt Small Farms—has been the ruin of Ireland . Poverty is comparative ; and up to 1828 when 400 , 000 fortyshilling freeholders were sold for political power , those 400 , 000 , although political Bl&Tts , were
comparatively comfortable : but since they purchased " the Charter" for their leaders , they have constituted the heads of families of Ireland ' s present 2 , 000 , 000 of paupers . Four hundred thousand heads of families at five to a family , —not much for an Irishman—makes 2 , 000 , 000 ; and if the Land is to possess the vote , four acreB should be the exact amount to confer the franchise . Your friend and fellow labourer , Feaxgtjs O'Conkob .
Axlotm£Nts.~The Duke Of Buckingham Is Increasing Allotments Of Land. He Has Recently Bigni-
AxLOTM £ NTS . ~ The Duke of Buckingham is increasing allotments of land . He has recently Bigni-
fied his intention of causing about nneen acres of now nnprodnefcive land at Kingswood , called "Grub ' s Wood , " to be let out in small portions to working vxQn . —AyJesbiiry Neas . The Pjfth op Novucbeb . —Tuesday last being the fifth of November , was observed in Leeds with some of the accustomed noise , although much jess than has been the case for seme previous years . The day was unfavourable , the rain pouring down almost -without intermission throughout , the official interdict io bonfires , fco ., being thus rendered of nonefieci >
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PI . YMOUTH . —Mr . C . Doyle lectured in the Mechanica' Institute of this town on Monday and Tuesday evenings , the 28 th and 2 fllh nit , to very reBpectnble audiences . The subject of Monday ' s lecture was " The rights of the producing millions of this country , and the means of acquiring them *'; when the lecturer gave a clear and forcible exposition of the People ' s Charter , shewing the justice of its principles , and the absolute neCb&Sity that exijted Of its being made the law of the land . Oa Tuesday evening , Mr . Doyle lectured " On the misapplication of machinery , and its consequent effect * on the working classes . " He went into the subject of machinery in a masterly manner , describing the vstioUB inventions and improvements that have been
made , from time to time , in different departments of manufacture , instancing the entire disuse of manual libonr in several branches , the great increase of our commerce , and , band in band witb it , the continuous reduction in the price of labour , the result of which has been the throwing the manual labourers on the rates for the middle classes to support . He appealed to those of the middle class that were present to assist to alter this state of things , proving that tne " Land ' was the remedy , by explaining to them the great quantity of land in the United Kingdom uncultivated , the insufficiency of cultivation bestowed on tbat wbich is called cultivated , and tbe reason why the aristocracy prevented the holding of small farms . The lecturer wound up an admirable lecture by say hi r tbat he should
conclude early , for the purpose of giving time to any gentiemaD , wno might wisn to discuss tbe question of a repeal of the Corn Laws , or tbe more broader question of Free Trade , with him ; he ( Mr . D . ) not being desirous of speaking late , so as to prevent any person from commenting on what he bad advanced . On Mr Doyle sitting down , a Mr . Hancock , a navai surgeon , rose , and made a few remarks . He wished to know bow tbe people were to get tbe land , and he spoke of the light to tbe land held by tbe aristocracy , and recommended the people to ask for what they wanted mildly and gently . Mr . Doyle rose , and stated , to the satisfaction of the meeting , that if the landlords of this country had rights they bad also duties—that they had no right to deprive the people from living in tbe conntry of their birth ; and with respect to asking mildly of them to do good , how frequently , he would ask .
had they gone on their knees and supplicated them ? After thanks had been voted to the lecturer for bis instructive lecture , ^ tbe audience separated , highly delighted with what thby had heard , which was evidenced by the disposal of several cards , and the collection of 25 s . at the door , there not having been any charge for entrance , it was thought necessary to make tbe collection to defray the expenses of tbe building . The subject of Tuesday ' s lecture was one that we anticipated tbe Free Traders of this town would have been anxious to grapple with , steiDg that they never fail to applaud macbineiy as the greatest blessing to the humrn race , not even allowing the wretcbednesa of the condition ot the working clauea caused thereby to detract from its general goodness ; but , no ) they knew better than to dlscnsB such a subject with one who bad been instructed in the " rattle-Boxes . "—Correspondent
DEVONPORT . —Mr . Doyle delivered a locture on the Corn Laws , in the Town HalJ , on Thursday evening , the 31 st nit . The building is a spacious one , capable of holding two thousand persons , and ia the same in ' which Mes » r » . Bright and Moore spoke wben here as a deputation from tbe League . Tbe chairman on that occasion ( the Mayor ) tent for tbe police to prevent some of our friends from replying to the fallacies of the honourable deputation , they having previously referred ns to tbeDevonport meeting as a place where we should be allowed to speak . This being * Government town interest ii tbe predominent question with many—lein , Tories on account of Government being bo , or Freg Traders from selfishness , thinking thereby te get e large loaf . To lecture npon the Corn Laws , especialla to show tbe fallacies of tbe Leaguers , was % bold step y nevertheless this Mr . Doyle did , fully examining the ; positions taken up by the League , and refuting them ;
showing also tbat cheap food did not necessarily 1 get good wages , as could be proved from tbe wage ? of tbe productive classes oh tbe Continent , where fcod mis cheap , and the condition of the working classes abjec * - Mr . d . spoKe at ctnsiderabto lengtp , examining the ¦ whole beoriDg of tbe qoeetion of cemmerre , intermix ' , rs it is cow become , with machinery , and was listened to attentively throughout . Though » --ll « d on by Mr . D . to come to tbe platform and discuss the subject with him . no one » n there to vindicate the Free Traders . Mr . D . concluded , by avtywiug democracy , and staV . Dg tun * it -wu u «> first time that Chartism bad i sn preached in thui building ; Dut Umt he gloried in having the opportunity of lecturing to them on tbe principles of Chartism from tbat platform . Thanks were given to tbe lecturer for bis able lecture , and seven shillings was collected , when the meeting quietly dispersed , seemingly well pleased with the lecturer . — Correspondent .
CARLISLE . —Frost , Williams , Jones , ak » Ellis . —On Sunday evening last , a meeting was held in the Association room , No . 6 , John-Street , Caldewgate , for the purpose of memorializing her Majesty for the immediate release of the above named individuals . Shortl y after six o ' clock , the time appointed for the meeting to take place , Mr . Thomas CarrutherB waB called to the chair . The Chairman opened the business of the meeting in a neat little speech , replete with sound argument and good sense , and then called upon Air . John Gilbertson to move the first resolution . Mr . Gibertson concluded by moving the following resolution , which was seconded by Mr . James Hirst : — " That we , the Chartists of Carlisle , consider ourselves in dmy bound to
do all that lies in our power for the restoration , to the land of their nativity , of John Frost , Zsphaniah Williams , and William Jones , believing that as the law lords of the realm have thought proper to render of non-effect the sentence upon Daniel O'Connell , Gray , and others , they must , to preserve their consistency , do the tame with respect to Prost , Williams , and Jones . " Mr . James Muir , alter a few appropriate remarks , moved the following resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Gatie : — 'That a memorial be drawn out , praying her Majesty to grant the immedia'e release of John Frost , Zephaniah Williams , and William Jones , and that it be forwarded to T . S . Dunccmbe , £ : ¦« ., M . P ., with a
reqaest that he will lav it in the hands of the Home Secretary for presentation to her Majesty . " Mr . John Lowry rose and said , in the&bseuceof some one more competent than himself ; he would move a resolution to which he truuted they would each and all give their con&eiit ; and tbat was " That William Ellis , who was convicted and sentenced to twentyone years transportation , at the special commission , held at Stafford , in 1842 , be included in the memorial . This was seconded by Mr . Joseph Rumley , and carried unanimously . Mr . John Armstrong then moved the adoption of tbe memorial , which was seconded by Mr . John Mooney , and carried unanimously . The meeting shortly afterwards dispersed .
SUNDERLAND . —A public meeting of the inhabitants of this town was held thiB evening ( Nqv , 4 th ) , in the large room of the Arcade , for the purpose of memorialising the Queen for the return of the expatriated patriots , . Frost , Williams , and Jones . The meeting was a bumper . Mr . John Bruce , an extensive grocer and elector , was unanniinously called to the chair , who opened the business of the meeting in a brief but eloquent speech ; and concluded by calling on all present to use every constitutional means in their power to achieve the restoration of the exiled patriots . Mr . B . Monarch , jan . moved the first resolution : he delivered a very energetic speech , and concluded by moving— " That it is the opinion of this meeting that we are in duty bound to use all legal and constitutional means to effect tae restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jonea , at
present under sentence of transportation for life : the late decision in the House of Lords , ia the case of Gray , O'Connell , and others , entitling us to hope that the same measure of justice will be awarded to the Welsh exiles ; and that a memorial be therefore adopted and presented to her Most Gracious Majesty , praying for a full and free pardon for , and restoration of , Frost , Williams , and Jones to their homes and families . " Seconded by Mr . J . Grundy , and carried without one dissentient voice . Mr . W . Chappell addressed the meeting , and concluded a very able and energetic speech by moving the adoption of the memorial to her Majesty , which was seconded by Mr . Esplin , and carried unanimously . The meeting separated with three heany oheers for the speedy return of the exiled patriots , three cheers for the Charter , and three for Feargus O'Connor .
TATISTOCK . —A publio meeting was held in the Guildhall in this town , on Wednesday evening , Got . 30 , for the purpose of sending a memorial to the Queen praying for the restoration of the exiled patriots , Frost , Williams , and Jones . Mr . W . Bennett was called to the chair . Mr . B . Wonuacolt proposed the memorial in an argumentative speech . The memorial was seconded by Mr . C . Arno , and supported by Mr . C . Doyle , of the Executive , who made an eloquent appeal on behalf of the exiles , pointing out very olearly the grounds on which the memorial prayed for their restoration , and calling on the audience never to relax their exertions until the patriots were restored to their native country and the bosoms of their families . The memorial was unanimously adopted . A vote of thanks were given to Mr . Doyle for his able adddress , and to the Ch *\ naan , the meeting then separated .
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OtDHAM .- —On Sunday last , Mr . A . F . Taylor delivered the last of a course of lectures on the Life and Character of Voltaire , in the Chartist Room , Greaves-street . On Monday , a public meeting tDok place in above room , for the purpose of memorializing the Queen for an immediate pardon and restoration of John Frost , Zaphaniah Williams , William Jones , and William Ellis-- . Mr . James Leach delivered a very appropriate address on the occasion , when the following resolutions were unanimously passed : " That in tbe opinion of this meeting w * are in duty bound to use all legal and constitutional means to effect the restoration of
John Frost , Zophaniah Williams , and Wm . Jones , at present under sentence of transportation for life . The late division in the House of Lords , in the case of Gray , O'Connell , and others , entitles us to hope , and justifies us in the expectation , that the same measure of justice wiJl be awarded to those exiles . " " That a separate memorial be sent at i he g ame time for a free pardon and restoration of Wm . Ellis to his home and family . " " That memorials be got up , embodying the sentiments of the above resolutions , ami forwarded to T . S . Duncombe , Eeq . for presentation to the Home Secretary , Sir James Graham . " A voto of thanks was then passed to Mr . Loach , for his services on the occasion .
PAISLEY . —Public Meeting . —A public meeting of the . inhabitants of this town was held on Monday evening , the 18 th , in the Philosophical Hall , Abbey Close , to hear a lecture from Mr . Clark , of the Executive , on Free Trade . Mr . Clark spoke for upwards of two hours , in a most eloquent manuor , in which he depicted the misery of the working classes in the manufacturing districts of Englandthe horrid results of the factory system , &o ., &c . Some questions having been put , which Mr . Clark answered in a most satisfactory manner , a vote of thanks was given to the lecturer and chairman , and the meeting broke up .
To the Chartists of England . —My Friends , — On Monday , 28 ch ult ., 1 visited Paisley , aud in the evening lectured to a large and attentive audience in the Philosophical Hall , on the subject of ' Free Trade and a Repeal of the Corn Laws . " At the conclusion of my address , I invited discussion , which invitation was accepted first by Mr . Pmkerton , who , though a Chartist , thought a repeal of the Corn Laws must be a benefit to the working classes , as in that case the landlords , in order to save their estates from the grasp of the mortgagees , would be compelled to adop , what the late Mr . Cobbett called " an equitable adjustment" of all publio and private contracts , and thus the interest of the national debt aud all other taxes would be considerably
reduced , which most assuredly would better the condition of the working man . In reply to this argument , 1 stated , firstly , that it was not the gsneral taxation which so severely affected the interest of the producing class , but the enormous tax which is imposed upon labour in the shape ofjprcrlts on the capital of the employer , the distributor , the money maker , and lender , &o . ; and secondly , that even admitting that a repeal of the Corn Laws would lead to a reduction of the sixty millions of taxation to thirty millions , the thirty millions with half the wages , would be as hard to pay as the sixty millions is with tbe present amount of wages ; ami tbat such would be the case thero could be no doubt ; for as machinery haB given the masters the uncontrolled
command of the labour market , they will always take care to " suit the burden to the back , " and any permanent reduction in the necessaries of life , under the existing system , will be met by a corresponding reduction iu the price of labour . To this view of the question the audience seemed strongly inclined , and Mr . Pinkerton asked no further questions . Another gentleman , whose name I forget , attempted to prove that I had been in error in stating that our great increase in trade had tended only to demoralize and impoverish the population , as in his opinion the people were much better off now than they had been for the last fifty or sixty J 6 ars . ' To refute so palpable an absurdity was but the work of a moment , as the dear-bought
experience of every working man present gave a iixt and unequivocal contradiction to to gross a fallacy After I had replied , and tbe audience seemed perfectly satisfied , it was proposed and carried by Acclamation that I should be requested to deliver a second lecture at my earliest convenience , which the Glasgow Council have decided is to take place on Monday evening next . Paisley ia a . l « r « e rnannl ' aoturing town , with a population of about 60 , 000 mha . bua . iUB , aud vraa considered at one time to be the first democratic town in Scotland ; and , in fact , the people are ' yet of the right sort , but they have
become disgusted with the conduct of certain gentlemen who have been at considerable pains to make the world believe tbat the Chartists ware men who would delight in imbruing their hands in the blood of their fellows , and which set , to a certain extent , have succeeded ia creating a prejudice against us on the ground that we are physical-force men , " and they of course " moral force men . " One of theBe despicable creatures , & well known " pedlar , " was exhibiting in Paisley a few weeks ago , having just then returned from the " green isle , " where he had been on a visit to the ¦* ' prince of jugglers , " and having no doubt received a few additional lessons from so
competent a master on the art of political legerdemain , the democrats of the above place were treated to a specimen of his powers of face , in a most eloquent denunciation of the characters of Wallace aud Washington J Thero , my friends , what think you of the impudence of " the Christian infidel , and physical-force member of the Peace Society , " who would dare , in the presence of an audience of professed lovers of freedom , to sneer at , and denounce , suoh illustrious characters as the above , because , forsooth ! they " resorted to the sword" as a means of freeing their respective countries from the trammels ot British tyranny ? And to mend the matter , the impartial Chairman , the Rev . Mr . Brewster , would not allow the patriotic lecturer to be
questioned ! Rare liberty , that ! What prime specimens of true democracy ! The Chartists of Paisley hope that the next time the " podl " honours them with his presence , he will choose for his subject the " philosophy" aud " morality" of apostacy . On Tuesday evening , I lectured to a very attentive meeting of the working men of the village of Elderelie , rendered famous as the birth place of the immortal William Wallace . At the close , I disposed of a goodlj number . oC cards , and had tao pleasure of witnessing the formation of an active and intelligent council ; after which the meeting broke up . On the following day ( Wednesday ) , 1 walked to Johnston , a small manufacturing town , at a short distance from Eldorslie , and in the evening had a pretty good meeting . I lectured on the political state of the country . Hero , as at the iormer place , 1 enrolled several members , and a
council was formed . On Saturday , I went , in company ' with Mr . Colquhoun , of Glasgow , to Maryhill , a small village a few miles from Glasgow , and addressed a meeting on the subject of the Repeal of the Union . Ad the oonolusioa of my lecture , somo of my own countrymen who were present requested me to point out the difference between Federalism and Simple Repeal . I did bo , I believe , to their entire satisfaction . On Sunday afternoon , 1 lectured to a very numerous meeting in the Chartist Church , Gorbals , Glasgow—my subject being " State Priestcraft . " I was listened to throughout with breathless attention , and succeeded , I think , in proving that a state churah is ft state nuisance , and that the Charter is the only effectual mode of enabling us to get rid of it . —i remain , brother Chartists , faithfully your's , Thomas Clarh . —Glasgow , Tuesday .
DUMFRIES . —On Monday evening last * we had a meeting to memorialize the Queen in favour of Frost , . Williams , and Jones , Mr . James M'Neil . president of the Charter Association in the chair , The memorial was proposed in a neat > peech , by Mr . A . Wardrop , seconded by Mr . George Lewis , unanimously agreed to , and immediately forwarded to Mr . Duncombe for presentation . Matters are exceedingly dull with us just now ; not that the principles of democracy have lost their hold on the good people of Dumfries , but the organisation has fallen off terribly . One great cause of this is the lack of spokesmen to keep up a community of feeling and information between the organized democrats and those among the general population , la fact , notwithstanding the universal diffusion of the principles
of Chartism , we have not beyond three men qualified to represent our principles in a : public meeting , aud none of these trained in the movement . The town is perfectly safe , however , from any inroad of the " Plague . " If the workies will not move themselves so energetically as might be wished , they take particular good care to shut up the corn-era iks at the first chirrup , unless , indeed , they make a managerie for the nonce of some dissenting chapel , at the extravagant charge , if the . merits of the show be considered , of a shilling a-head . Yet , although they are rara avis here and no mistake , very few or none of the people " go there to see / ' and the conventicle is consequently but the gathering , of birds of a feather , who by a law of their nature delight to flock together .
"" WIEUTHYR , Nov . 14 . —A public meeting was held here in the Chartist Room , George Town , to memoralize the Queen for the restoration of Frost , Williams and Jones' Mr . Matthew John was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Henry Thomas , Mr . George Morgan , and Mr . David Ellis addressed the meeting , aud the memorial . was adopted *
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ABERDEEN—Mr . Samuel Kydd in the Norih —This taleuted lecturer ! arrived iu Aberdeen on Saturday , Ojt . 16 : h . He delivered a lecture on Monday evening , Oct . 28 ih , in the Hall , 38 , Georgestreet , on * ' Free Trade . " | Previous to the lecture a considerable number had ; assembled at the foot of Hutcheson-street ; and proceeded in ^ procession , accompanied by a band of music and banners , to the Hall . The Hall was filled by an attentive audience of working men , and the { lecturer exposed the
fallacies of the LeagUA , and [ the opinions of its principal supporters in ^ rand style . At the conelusion he challenged discussion , but no Leaguer dared to come forward . Mr . Kydd lectured a ^ ain on Tuesday the 29 th , and the Hall was again filled with a very attentive audience . Mr . Kydd ; lectured again on Wednesday evening , tin- 30 th , on " The rise , progress , and present position of the Chartist movement . Mr . Kydd was received ia a jvery enthusiastic manner at all the lectures , and much gaod will doubtless be the result of his able exertions .
Soiree and Ball . — Tbb friends of Mr . S . Kydd held a BOiree and ball , in the above Hall , on Friday evening , November 1 st . [ The chair was filled by Mr . Jame 9 M'Pherson , and Mr . John Legge delt-\ ered a very talented address . Mr . A Henry also addressed the party , and Mr . Kydd delivered a very able address , after which the party enjoyed the song and the dance till nearly two o ' clock in the morning . LONDON—Somers To wn . —A crowded meeting was held on Sunday evening last , at Mr . Dud dridge- ' a {^ oonasv j > pnbridge-stre « t . Mr , John Guoper in the chair , Mr . fl 4 ' 6 frat ; h delivered an able lecture on the Repeal of tho Union . After it vote Of thanks to the lecturer , the meeting was dissolved .
Metropolitan Delegate Council , November 3 rd . —Cuy Chartist Uail , ;! , Turnagavn-Iane ; Mr . G . H . Tucker in the chair . \ Mr . T . M . Wheeler reported from the sub-oomniittee for getting up a meeting in favour of Frost , William , and Jones . Mr Wheeler read a letter he had received from Mr Bairstow , announcing the intention of Mr . B . te be shortly in London . After considerable discussion , it was ultimately agreed that this Council engage Mr . Bairatow to lecture in the metropolis for a short time . Mr . Stallwood moved " That a sub-Committee be appointed to attend to the registration , in lieu of the committee which lapsed by the re-oiganisaUon of this Council . " Mr . Simpson seconded the motion . The question was adjourned until Sunday next , then to take precedence " of all others .
PENZANCE . —I hasten fco inform you that in this Whig and Tory-ridden town , we have achieved a victory this day , which Ijtrust will be productive of lasting advantages to the , sons of labour in this part of the country ; we have elected John Blackney Read , currier , Causeway-head , a sterling Democrat , as Town Councillor for jtho Eastern ward of this Borough . He is a man who had always identified himself with the working classes , and who , I trust , will prove hlmEelf worthy of our choice . A short account of the loca government of this town may not be uninteresting . Prior to the Municipal Bill , the Corporation was composed of Tories ; but on its adoption the burgesses elected some of the most flaming Whigs of the day . Four years had not
passed , when Penzance jwas governed by a set of mongrels , who did not remain quiet like the old Tory Corporation , but were daily doing mischief . Twice or thrice did the people end' -avour to put in men ( not of their own ' class ) who promised well . Once they succeeded , but the promisors were faithless . The meetings of the Council were carried on with closed doors ; but there is every reason to hope that such will not be the lease long , now that our Democratic friend Read h' got among them . Mr . C . Doyle first set us going ; it was he who implored the people to get a representative of their own . We have him , and he will preside at the meeting to petition for the restoration of Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis , on Friday next , at which Doyle is to be present .
West Riding Delegate Meeting . —This meeting was held in the Workingi Man's Hall , Halifax , on Sunday tho 3 rd inst ., when delegates were present from the following localities : —Halifax district , Mr . Chippendale ; Hebdenbridge , Messrs J . Smith and R . Suttliffe ; HudderRfield district , Messrs T . Walton and B . Armitagei ; Littletown , Mr . Rothery ; Bradford Central Locality , Mr . T . Cole . Mr . Chippendale was elected to preside . The minutes of last meeting were read over , and on th ^ motion of Mr . Suuliffe , seconded by ; Mr . Cole , were confirmed ; after which tho following sums were handed in for the Executive , & 6 . ~ Halifax . Executive 2 d 6 d : Ilebden Bridge 4 « 4 d ; Soyvcrby Helta 3 * 4 d ; Lower Warley Is ; Littleton ils 5 d ; Bradford , / Central Locality , 33 91 ; Huddersfiell levy 2 s ; Halifax levy Is 6 d ; llebdenbridge , a friend 6 d , levy 2 s 6 d ;
Littletown . Miss —2 s , levy 9 i : Bradford , colliers 33 5 d ; gift from the fund i * lOd ; levy la lid ; Lockwood , levy Is 6 d . A sincere desire to forward the great and holy cause of democracy seemed to animate every delegate present , and a very interesting discussion was held on ; the best plan to promote that object . Among others the following resolution was carried unanimously ^ - * ' That we would impress upon the Chartists the imperative necessity of forming ( where they are not i already formed ) electioneering and registration committees in order to put upon the register all who are likely to serve our cause , so that we may take advantage of the state of parties in any general election , and secure the returu of as many Chartist members to the House of Commons as possible . " Thanks wore voted to tbe chairman , and the meeting was adjourned to the first Sunday in December .
Long Buckby , —Mr . lvrGrath , president of the Executive , visited this place on Tuesday , Nov . 5 ih , where he delivered a lecture in the Working Man's Hall , to a numerous and deeply attentive audience , and received the thanks os the meeting . HEYWOOD .-Mr . Ambrose Hurst , of Oldham , delivered a very able and instructive lecture on Tue . day evening last . At the conclusion a vote of thanKs was unanimously awarded to the lecturer for his able address . i The Chartists of this locality meet in their Room , Hartley-street , every Sunday evening at six o ' clook .
STRATFORD . —A public meeting of the Stratford locality was held at Connolly's Coffee House , Stratford , on Wednesday , Oct . 30 th , which was addressed by Mr . John Sewell . A vote of thanks was given to the lecturer . The Council of this locality will meet at the above Coffee ! House , every Wednesday evening , at eight o ' clock . NORTHAMPTON . —pn Monday laat , the inhabitants of this town received a visit from Mr . P . M'Grath , President of the Executive , who delivered a lecture in the Saracen's Head large room , to a delighted audience . A vote of thanks was unanimously awarded to Mr . M'Grath for his able lecture ; after which several members were enrolled in the new locality . I
ZiOCKWOOD . —On Thursday evening , Mr . West delivered a lecture in the Democratic Institution , Lockwood , toa very numerous and attentive audience . The Bubject of the lecture was— " The state of parties , and the future prospects of the labouring classes . " Mr . West entered at length into the labour question , and took a review of the different parties who are now bidding for the support of the labourers , and shewed that all their claims for support from the people were either based on delusion or knavery , unless they would give io the working classes the
power to protect themselves through the medium of universal enfranchisement . At the close a most interesting conversation took place on the question of education and co-operation , or the self-supporting system , which elicited a great amount of information on those important ! subjects . Much praise is due to Mir . Divid Glednill , and a few others of the right sort , for their great exertions in keeping open this excellent institution . That their labours are appreciated by the thoughtful , the meeting on Thnrs * day night gives a most ; pleasing and . satisfactory proofc |
BRADFORD . —Oa Wednesday night we had a second visit from Mr . O'Connor , and the Odd-Fellows'Hall was crowded in all parts to receive him . Upon his entrance be was loudly cheered , and Mr . J . Smith was unanimously appointed chairman . The proceedings were commenced by Mr . George White , in a very forcible and lucid speech , proposing the adoption of a memorial for the restoration of Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis . Mr . O'Connor seconded the adoption of the memorial in a speech which occupied two hours and-a-half in the delivery , in which he entered into a review of the position and progress of the several principles that bad been propounded since the Reform Bill to catch popular
Bupport for both Whigs and Tories . He dwelt at considerable langtii oa the principles of the Young England j party , and characterises the allotment system as the ripe cherry hanging over the garden wall to make the traveller ' s mouth water to get into tue garden itself , which represented the small farm system . He took a review of the declining trade of Bradford , exhibiting the want of arrangement ia the manufacturing world , which was manifested by the fact of new mills springing up in Bradford like mushrooms , while thousands of power looms were being stopped for want of work . The memorial Ion being put , was unanimously adopted j after which Mr . George White i
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proposed a resolution for the establishment of a National Trades' Confederation , the object of which is to be the Bustainment of all Trades who shall be considered jus tided in resisting a reduction , or ia demanding an increase , of wages . The resolution was seconded by acclamation , and carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was given to Sir . O'Connor , and after oheers for Frost , Williams , and Jones , Repeal and the Charter , and for Duncombe ; and after a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting was dissolved .
On Sitndat , the members of the Council met m their room , Batterworth ' s Buildings , when it was resolved ** That collectors be appointed for White Abbey , Manningham . and Daiij Hill , to commence on the 2 nd Sunday in November . " It was resolved that 10 s . be sent to the Executive . On Sunday evening , Mr . George White lectured in the Council Room , " on the Present state of Society , " and at the conclusion , suggested to the meeting the propriety of calling a public meeting to take into consideration the best means of forming a Trades' Union , by uniting all trades in one association .
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Mr . T . M . Wheeler will lecture at St . George's Temperance Hall , Blackfriars Road , on Sunday evening next , November the lOJh , at seven o ' olook precisely . London . —City Chartist Hali , 1 , TDBNAGim-Lane . —On Sunday morning next , November 10 th at half past ten , the adjourned , discussion will ba resumed : " Was the past , and is the present policy of the Chartists calculated to effect their object I" A general meeting of shareholders will be held at the same time in the Coffee Room of the above hall , in the afternoon at three precisely , the Metropolitan Delegate Council will assemble for the transaction of public business .
A Free Pardon . —A publio meeting will be held at the Hall , 1 , Turnagain Lane , City , to memorialise her Majesty for a free pardon for Frost , Williams , and Jones , on Tuesday evening November I 9 th . F . O'Connor , J . H . R . Bairstow , and other talented advocates , are expected to attend . The chair to be taken at half-past seven o'clock . Westminsteh . —Clock . House , Castxe Streev , LktceMSR JSqoaiie . —A special meeting of members will be held on Sunday evening next , Nov . 10 th " , at half-past seven precisely . Camberwell and Walwohth . —A meeting will be held at the Montpelier Tavern , Wai worth , ob Monday evening next , Nov . 11 th , at eight o ' clock prectsely . Hasimer ^ mith . —A meeting will be held at the Dan Cow , Brook Green Lane , on Tuesday evening next , Nov . 12 th , at eight o'clock precisely .
Mr . O'Connor will address tho people of Manchester , at seven o ' clock , on Sunday next , the lOik instant . Somers Town . —Mr . John Sewell will give an account » f his late tour through France , at Mr . Duddridge ' s Rooms , 18 , Tonbridge-Btreef i NoW-roadf on Sunday evening next , to commence at eight o'clock . Rochdale . —Mr . Joseph Wood will deliver two lectures next Sunday , at two and six o ' clock in the Association room , Mill-street . Dr . M'Douall will lecture in Newcastle-upon « Tyne on Monday and Tuesday , the 11 th and 12 ch of November ; in Suuderland , on Wednesday the 13 , h ; in Shields , on Thursday the 14 th , and any where else until Sunday the 17 th ; on Monday the 18 th , ia Carlisle ; Tuesday the 19 th , and Wednesday t ! ae 20 i , b , in Dumfries . These dates may be altered if inconvenient .
The North Lancashire Delegate Meeting will take place oh Sunday , November 18 th ; the chair to be taken at eleven o ' clook in the forenoon . Oldham . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) , a lecture will be delivered in the Chartist Room , Greaves-street , at six o ' clock iu the evening . Mr . Dixon is expected to attend . After the lecture , a members ' meeting will be held . . The Members of the United Chartist Sick and Burial Society are requested to attend a me oting in the above room , at half-past nine o'clock in the forenoon . Mr . M'Grath , President of the National Charter Associatiou , will lecture on the Crown Banh , Ifanley , on Sunday afternoon , at trro o ' clook . Halifax . —A lecture will be delivered in the National Caartist } Association Room , Bull Clcielane , by Mr . Murray , on Sunday evening , at helfpast six .
Mr . Doyle ' s Route for the Ensuing Week : — Monday , the 11 th inst ., Penzance ; Tuesday , the 12 ch , St . Ives ; Wednesday , the 13 th , Hayle Thursday , the 14 th , Helstone ; and on Friday , the 15 th , Cambourne . Mr . D < yle begs that such of tho localities in Cornwall where meetings have not aa yet been held , but which are desirous of accepting hid services , will immediately communicate with him , care of Mr . O'Brien , Temperance Hotel , Penzance .
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Alleged Murder by a Boy . —Evan Lloyd , a boy , aged about nine years , has been committed to Carmarthen County Gaol , charged on the oaths of John Jones , Blaenwayn , Llanfihangel-ar-arth , and others , with having on the 13 th of September last , at Coedlanney , feloniously , wilfully , and with malice aforethought , killed and murdered one Daniel Jones , a little boy , aged about seven years , by inflicting divers blows on the right side of his head with a stone , and thereby giving him a mortal wound . The poor deceased child , it appears , had been out walking with the prisoner , who arrived home by himself . As deceased did not make his appearance , search was made for him , and he was found lying on a heap of stones , by the roadside , weltering in bis blood . Many of tbe stones were covered with clotted blood , and tufts of the poor child ' s
hair . He had just strength left to state who hia assailant was , when death overtook him . An inquest was held on the body , when , although the facts of the matter were well known to all , the jury returned as their verdict tfiat the deceased had died , but from what cause , and by whose mean ? , they had no evidence to determine . Notwithstanding this verdict , the prisoner was apprehended , and after I an examination before John Lloyd Davies , and John Lloyd Price , Esqrs ., was committed for trial at the Assizes . He is an artful little fellow although so young , and immediately hearing that h was fully committed , he pretended to be very ill and lame . On his arrival at tbe county gaol , however , the surgeon was sent for to examine him , and he declared that the supposed illness was all a pretence—doubtless put on to gain conuniseratioa . — Welshman .
Fire at Great Crosby , wear Livebpool—About one o'clock on the morning of Saturday last the house of Thomas Gilbertson , a small farmer , at the village of Great Crosby , was observed by the policeconstable stationed at that place to t j on fire . The officer lost no time in bursting open tbe door and apprising the inmates of their danger ; and it was with difficulty the family were safely got out , owing to the rapidity with which the flames extended . Through the praiseworthy and fearless intrepidity of the sergeant and police-constables present , a large portion of Gilbertson ' s furniture was saved . The wind , which was very high at the time , car * ried large flakes of burning timber towards the opposite houses , all of which are thatched . Two of
them caught fire , but , owing to the active exertioa of all parties , those houses were saved with but trilling damage . An old m&re , in Gilbertson ' s stable , was burnt to death . Several stacks of hay and corn , which were to windward , escaped . A cottage adjoining to Gilbertson ' s occupied by a poor widow named Alice Roberts , with her little property was totall y consumed , and she had but time to escape , half-dressed , and without shoes or stockings . Suspected Murder in the Hebrides . —It is our painful duty to record that the murder of a young unmarried woman is said to have lately taken place in Harris , one of the islands which form part of the extended group of isles generally known by the name of the " Long Island . ' * The particulars 1 which have reached us are as follows : —The crew ef a boat from an adjacent island landed at a place
called Strand , Harris , and there accidentally fell in with the body of a young woman , after having been apparently thrown into a spring or boe of water . The body presented all the symptoms of the sad effects of violent hands . The face was dreadfully cut and mangled , and other parts of tbe body indicated tkat foul play had been cruelly resorted to , It is said that two medical gentlemen inspected the remains of the unfortunate woman , and discovered that ehe had been encienle . The authorities are using all means in their power to discover the perpetrator of the fearful deed , but as yet are unsuc cesaful . We have not heard that suspicions are attached to any particular party , but it is not improbable that some clue or other will soon cast up to bring the cruel monster whose hands are stained with the blood of a hapless jwom&n to that justice which he so richly meritSi— nosshire Advertiser .
The Fall of the Cotton Mill ax Oldham . — Monday Morning . —Th « melancholy accident which occurred in this town on Thursday last continues to engage publio attention . The workmen continued their search with great vigour , and yesterday morning about ten o ' clock , the last missing body was found , which , together with five that were taken oat of the rums on Saturday , makes a total of twenty persona who have been killed , and not twenty-one , as stated » y the Manchester papers . On Saturday evening an inquest was held at the Black Swan publio-house , before J . Molesworth , Esq ., and a respectable jury , at which nine or ten witnesses were examined , bat nothing transpired in the course of the inquiry to throw any light on the cause of the accident . At the request of the jury the inquest wad adjourned ,, Most of the persons killed-fttV ^ ery oW servants of the firm , some of .-t&enj owing be ^ b in their employ thirty years .-A ,-, * * *; ' ¦ j
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VOL- VII- NO . 365 . SATURDAY , NOVEMBEBTIJTIo ^ T " rwc % w"SSS P ! ^^
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AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 9, 1844, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1288/page/1/
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