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THE K0RTHEB.N STAR. SATURDAY, ISOVSMBER 9, 1844.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FRXSCZ . UOib "French Government has given the etriotest orders to remote all Spanish emigrants from the gonth of France to the department of the Cote d'Or , where alone they are to be allowed to take np their xesidence . -Tosneh an extent is this earned , that gome Spani > ii merchants , established in the sooth of Prance , have been obliged to break up their establishments , to tfc eir nttex ruin . Tie Derail statesw That the prisoners convicted of political offences , who were being transferred from Mont Saint Michel
to DonllenSj endeavoured , whilst on the road , to m&fce their escape from their keepers . The Mayor of Pontoraon , in conformity with a Ministerial crdcr , sent a private carriage- to Mont Saint Michel to receive the prisoners . On their arrival at the barrack of Poniorson the carriage was surronndt-d by a considerable multitude , to ¦ whom the prisoners appealed to assist * them to escape , but a reinforcement of troops having been sent , and the prisoners having been apprised that if farther resistance -was offered by them they wonld-be placed in irons , they continued iheir journey peaceably . "
SPAIN . Tllfi Times of Wednesday ssj 3 ;—The pi oceedings in ihe case of General Prim were carred on with all po « " ? ble despatch . It was believed that , as a military man , he -would be tried by a conrt-martial . So oth «> r arrests had taken place . The las . t advices from Yalettia Etated , that considerable agitation prevailed in that city , insomuch that the authorities had been obliged so establish military posts IB the markei-sqn&re , and on different other points . Latsb peoh Bxrcklo ^ a —iiORK MrKDEH . —On the 28 \ h , the Captain-General L-sued a general order , by which all the military are kept on the alert . All of
a ^ icblsges more than five people are forbidden , and are immediately to be dispersed , ana shonld more thaa three or more persons continue together alter they are summoned to disperse , the soldiery are directed to shoot or bayonet them , or cnt them down with their sabres . On the 29 th six persons were shot . How many more will meet the same , fate depends upon the greater or less degree of alacrity di 3-ployed by the Cortes in vorisg the " reform" tiemaiided of them . The Government has deprived all general snd other officers , who are beyond the limits of Spain witiont leave , of . their rank , pay , s--d decorations , and have ordered their names to h- struck out uf the army list .
YYAH 7 T 1 TS THE KiBTLES . —ALGIERS , UCI , ' 24 . — Here we tread on smouldering ashes , in the midst of the anthems chanted by all the Parisian and , Algerian journals about uninterrupted tranqnilhy universal-peace , and so forth . Is ever was the society i 5 f Algiers so much astonished a 3 on the reception of the news on the 20 ih inst ^ from Dslljs , announcing that the French expeditionary column directed against the Kabyles of Dellys had suffered a severe check if no ; a defeat . For some time the people eonld not believe it , and it . was only when they Eaw 5 , 000 troops embark in the port of Algiers for the scene of this unexpected disaster , with tbe Marshal Duke at tbeir head , that their eves were fully
open to the magnitude of the mischief done to the great column of peace laieiy erected And enrmonnted by the ducal crown of the Governor General . To this disaster we hare to add the unpleasant news that Abd-tl-Xader has centaizuy left tie Moorish territory , and re-appeared in the south of Algiers , although the officers in command have not agreed as to the place of his re-appearance . To this , also , we are further informed * that the roads of the interior , which a few weeks ago * ' a child might travel with his iands fnll of gold" ( the way in which the Arabs denote the security of routes ) , axe now infested with bands of robbers those especially of Tleffifcn , who despoil and murder all that are weaker than themselves . Thus the winter
opens—the bad season indeed—with a fearful pros pect of new razzias and human butcheries in this unhappy country . What will be the end God only knows .
INDIA AND CHINA . ; By the Hindostan , which left Calcutta OH the j 38 rh of September , we have received news from ' , ihat presidency to that date ; and from China to i the 29 ih of July . The intelligence brought by this arrival is not of much interest . An attempt had j been made to assassinate Major Wood , principal J aide-de-camp to the Governor-General . The assas- i sins were arrested . j In Scinde there has been again some fighting with { the Belochees , and the advantage was with Captain Mackenzie and the English . ¦ Advices from Cabal mention that an engagement j had taken plsea on the 2 nd ot August , between i Ackbar Khan and Anbdool Snmnmnd , in which ! afser a good fight , the former came ofi the victor . Some rioting had again taken place at Canton , the assailants being the Chinese populace , who attacked , the English and American factories . One of the Chinese was killed .
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IRELAND—REPEAL ASSOCIATION . , ( From the Times . ) Defection psom thb Repeal Association . —The ; fruits of ihe " overgrown crotchet ' are fast ripening . The Freeman of this morning pubH 3 hes the following remarkable correspondence between a ( late ) member of the Repeal Association , Mr . John Lawless , { ominous name for an " under-growler ") and the acting secretary of the body , Mr . Crean , in which the former requests his name to be removed from ihe Burgb-qnay muster-roll , on the ground of Mr . O'ConnelTs formal declaration of his preference for the ^ Federa tive principle to " simple Repeal , a proceeding not at all compatible with the taste of the nephew of ** honest Jack Lawless , ' now no more , I bnt whose sturdy spiri . of independence still sur-: vires in the breast of his relative . 11 , Great Brunswick-street , 28 ; h Oet , IS 44 . " My dear Sir , —I have to request you will remove my name from amongst the members of the Loyal National Repeal Association . I trust is will not be : deemed intrusive for a person of « ven my plain j station to state as briefly as possible my reasons for this , to me , very painfnl step . 1 joined the Association under an impression—1 believe almosv nniverBal amongst those who took part in the Repeal movement—that Ireland was , as possessing all the materials of a nation , entitled to such connexion with England , and none other , as should seem most conducive to , the prosperity of Ireland herself ; thai this Is the only principle liad properly bo ) which will ever produce tranquility in thi 3 coantry , present a sufficient barrier 3 gainst undue encroachment on the part of England , and generate a sincere connexion between the two countries for mutual defence against foreign aggression ; that the experience of history and current observation demonstrate that England has never employed her power over thi 3 country , legislative , moral , or social , otherwise than to hs prejudice and to their own advantage ; and " that , therefore , iti 3 the obvious interestof Ireland that thai powei xnd influence shonld be as limited a 3 pos ^ ibu , - which , appears to be most attainable by a perfeeuy
- independent Parliament , connected with England by the tie of a common sovereign , under the control and checks afforded by the theory of the constitution of tho 3 e countries , namely , the control of the finances by the representatives of the people . I consider any deviation from thl 3 principle , such as Federalism , as a contrivance to perpetnate , in perhaps a lesser degree , the present injurious influence , and to indefinitely ; postpone that true peacs , and consequent improvement of the country , the object and basis of this Association . I have before me the fatal consequences of the temporising and instalment principle on the tithe qnestion , ia the misapplication of great powers to produce inadequate good , and the total extinction , from disappointment , of public sentiment and moral force npon that subject . I conceive that Engl&td is as reluctant to concede one farthing as the full twenty sbilings in the pound of the restitution dne to us ; and that within a comparative short
period { let her adjust her feeling and her other ai&irs as the best way to meet it ) must yield under the operation of ihe present ominous organization of this country , apparentl y tqutlly concentrated , for steady perseverance , and on fitting occasions-for an unerring spring . 1 perceive however , that Mr . O ^ GonneU has formally declared for Federalism , and I feel how unavailing it must be to attempt to stem the current of public opinion , whatever turn he may seem to give it supported by the prestige of his name and greatness . With the foregoing views , and ¦ wi th that singleness of purpose which I rejoice to find admitted to be a distinguishing . attribute of my fellow countrymen , I will not now , humbl 8 as I am , oanseat ^ to be made a participant , directly or indirectly , in what I would conceive an abortive and disaotrons conclusion to their efforts . M remain , my dear Sir , yours very truly , Johs Lawless . ** To Martin Crean , Esq ., Assistant Secretary ,
Loyal National Repeal Association . " * Corn Exchange-rooms , Oct . 28 , l&U . w My dear Sir , —In consequence of my attendance at the Revision Conrt during the past week 1 had not a moment to reply to your letter , addressed to me as acting secretary to the Repeal Association , resigning as a member of that body . ** I beg to sxy , in reply , th * t the question to -which joa alindc—Tiz-, Federalism , is an open one , and the association cannot control the opinion of any individual thereon . ** Toe committee direct me to say , that they receive jour resignation with regret , as they conceive yon have mistaken the proceedings of the association in this matter . "I affljTPj dear Sir , very truly yours , "JUbiis Crtux "John Lawless . Esq . j ^ rreat Brunswick-street . "
Mr . Lawlesas letter , it will be seen , beara date the 20 ib of . October , but the acting secretary does BOtreply nnril eight days afterwards , and , admitting the validity of Mr . Chan ' s excuse for delay , it may be asked was it not ikat functionary ' s business
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WHO IS MR . JOHN HARPER ? 10 THE EDITOB OF THE 1 EEDS MEECORT . SlK , —In an article headed "Pro Corn l » w Lectures ' which appeared in the last week ' s Mercury , I find a personal attack made upon myself . I sboald not nave replied , bad it net been founded on misrepresentation ; out I am bound in justice to myself to Bet you right ou some matters mentioned in that article . So far from me ever decying my locale , as your article states , I have ever been ready tj give that locale ; neither did J ever deny my origin or my trade . In the early months of the year I did " meet and combat the anti-Corn Law deputation at York , Tbir .-k , " &a , &a ; and have I not aa good a right to disseminate viy views on the great principle of Protection to Labonr aa either you or any " paid tool" of the anti-Corn Law League have to
dis-Bemnunate theirs ? The doctrine J now preach is nothing new to me . The views I now entertain I have enttrtainea and advocated for years ; and I shall continue to advocate . hem , until I am shown that they are tmsoand and untenable . You say thut I " am known in Kuaresfcro as a soi-disal Chartist ; and if not belied , have had something to do with a memorable resolution of the Chitala in that neighbourhood , during the pbysic&l-force mania , that they should provide themsslves with arm " In reply to this I state distinctly , that I never was either a Chaitiit lecturer , or even a member of the National GoMter Association , as has been represented , Toui insinuation that 1 have bad something to do with a resolution that someh dy " should provide themselves with arms , " is wholly unfounded . You then say , —
"wa refer to Mr . Harper ' s defeat at Horbury and Ossstt" In Hoibury , Sir , in despite of all the foui play the League could practise , I carried a resolution , in favour of Protection , by nine to one . If I was fc ^ aten , why did Mr . Forsttr , the Chairman , refuse toaay who b-d the majority ? The misrepresentation , in the case 0 ! Ossstt , ib so glaringly untrue , that it has destroyed the cbject sought to bs accomplished . And now , Sir , 0 . word as to Wakefidd- Yonr repert stales that " on Thursday I came over to Leeds to eecuie the assistance of West and HuDSOn . " It 18 Well kuown Ln Wakefleld that I never was a yard out of the town on that day ; nor aid I send any emissary . I w ^ nt to Wakefleld to give two lectures . I invited
discussion . The conduct of the League on those occasions is so "well known , and so universally execrated , that it ia unnecessary for me to say a single word upon it . The fact of Mr . Aclacd ' fl writing the terms of discussion betnixt himself and me , for Friday night , and then refusing to abide by his own terms , though set forth in bis own handwriting , nut only disgusted the people generally , bnt even tee Leaguers were dissatisfied . Mr . Kichois , has been heard to state that " Mr . Acland oufeht tJ have bsen bound by bis own agreement . " In conclusion , 1 beg to state , that I am ready at any time to discuss the question of Free Trade and Protection , on equal terms , with any man who may be appointed by the League . I am , Sir , yours , &c , Joh > Haspeb , A Hand-Loom " Weaver . Wakefleld , Nov . b ± , 1 S 44 .
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the feet of Capital , and not seek to gain its true position : outfit does follow that if Labour would haye its efforts to Buoh end successful , it should use other and more effioient means than it has hitherto employed . Though experience has demonstrated the futility of the old means , it has also indicated new means , aad developed teasoBB why a better application of the power and resources of the Trades would accomplish the desired end : and if the knowledge of the Trades generally will allow them to make a jndioioue use of their power and . resources in the direction certain to secure success , well will it be for the order of Labour throughout the civilized world .
The mam cause of the failure of Strikes is the superabundance of labourers in the labour market . In all depar ! ment 3 this is the case . Whenever one set of men " turn out , " either against reduction or for advance , there is another set ready to take tbeir places . WitnesB the recent Colliery Strike in the North , and the present Carpenters' Strike in Man-Chester . This arises from the fact already mentioned—superabundance of labourers . There might bs some chance of success for the men without means against the men with means , were this deadly opposing force withdrawn from the battle field ; but
with it there , the contest is hopeless ! Then does not common sense say , that the efforts of the Trades ought lo be directed to the lessening of the direful competition in their own ranks , which is eating into their very vitals , instead of being directed to the exhaustion of their little remaining Btrength and means in an endless hy ) it with themselves ? And can not this be done ! Is not this possible ? Is it not in ihe power of the Trades , when acting unitedly ; when banishing the little paltry petty distinctions that exist amongst them ; whon throwing to the winda the foul and destructive jealousy that they
have so fondly hugged to their bosoms , as though the mODBter had been a being of lovely spotless purity ; when layiDg aside the playthings of their babyhood , and taking up the weapons of mon : is it not in the power of the Trades , when so determining , and so acting , to devise a plan that shall relieve them from the cokse they have now to bear , and place the " competing power , " which now ia the most effective agent in reducing wages , in a situation of independence and coiifort , * make them become customers to their brother operatives , instead of fighting for the half-crust that there is
now to divide between them ? Let any one reflect for a moment on the immense sums that have been expended on strikes ; let him ca . ] to mind ihe vast amount of money that has been Subscribed for Trade purposes , other than for strikes : for " ttamping" ; for Bupport in sickness , and for burr-ying the dead : let him call to miud all this , and say whether the means are not even now come-at-able by the Trades for the accomplishment for tho independence of a portion of their order , and the consequent relief of the whole , if they only possess the mind to richtfulJy use them . And how can these
means be used to Buch an end , other than by the purchase of Land , and the location on it of those who now thrust one another out of place in the manufacturing labour market ! Is there any other mode by whioh the " surplus" hands can be decreased , and the deadly competitor changedx into a profitable customer ! And will any one sayithat the Land ia unattainable \ Let him read the letter from Mr . O Connor , in another part of this day ' s Star ; and he will at once see that not only is it possible to attain the Land , but th * t the Trades , by united and ener getio aotion , could accomplish that object most rapidly . '
Let us not be misunderstood . We do not say that all Strikes must be foregone . Wo believe that at times it will bo necessary to resort to them . We ate only reasoning to shew that , of themselves , thoy never can be operative of permanent good ; and seldom of immediate benefit . We are shewing how the means and power of tho Trades can be best applied to relieve them from the main cause of failures in their
s-tbikes . When thus relieved , the aspect of the Trades in relation to strikes will be materially changed . Occasions , however , will arise , even then when a STBiKEmay be indispensable : but the power Of the workerB to " make terms" will be immensely increased by the withdrawal of the " surplus" from the labour-market ; and especially so , if the new market for the application of labour remain ? open for the men on strike to resort to , if they think
proper . To accomplish these things , it will be necessary for the Tradeg to consolidate . Don ' t they see what the masters of South Lancashire are doing , —consolidating their power : and how is the consolidated power of Capital to be overcome by the isolated efforts of Labour ] Slop the wind with a straw , or the Wares of the aei with the mop ; and then may Labour come off the best in &uch an encounter . If it be necessary for two , or more , of a trade to unite to bring united power to bear where individual exertion would be futile ,
it is the more necessary for the thousands of a Trade to unite . If it be necessary for thousands , it is the more neces 3 ary for tens of thousands , and if it be necessary or advantageous for one trade to unite , it is manifest that it would be more advantageous for all Trades to unite , and to bring the undivided power and resources of the order of Labour to bear at any one given point against the common enemy— u . vbestba ined , ukrequlated Capjtal . The interests of Labour are the same in all places . Theo why should
Labour ' s army be divided into a thousand sections , battling with each other , and all falling a prey to the more wise , more cunning , and perfectly united foe \ As long as isolation hae to meet centralisation , eo long will the labourer come off worsted in the coDflict : but as Boon as united and well-directed efforts are brought to resist the unholy aggressions of united Capital , and the labourer , through union , learns to turn the ptneet of Capital against itself % — that moment will the tide of Trades affairs take a turn , and the * ' high-flood" of success be gained .
With consolidation , what is there that the Trades could not do ? By means of a proper and legal Organization , they could bring the whole power of the Labourers to b « ar at any given point , when it was either deemed necessary to resist reduction of wages , or seek for advance . By means of such Organization , with a talented and discreet Executive , they could become possessed of ljnd , and speedily locate hundreds and thousands in homes of
their own . With such an Organization , they could also have a Benefit Society for support when out ef work ; for relief when sick ; and for interment when dead , more tfficient than any that has hitherto existed . Indeed , by unite * and systematic exertion , the present position of the labourer could be immediately improved , and the day of Labour ' s full redemption hastened and realized .
But how 18 consolidation to be effected 1 By a General CONFERENCE OF Tbades Delegates . By the appointment of the most wise and most discreet men from each Trade , in numbers proportioned to the number in the Trade , to confer together ; and with the aid of those J'imen of tho law" who have espoused Labour ' s battle , and fought many a good fight successfully , devise an okgapuzation of the kind juBt indicated , and elect an Executive to carry such Organization into energetio operation .
That is the mode . A Tbades Pabliament , sitting in London with the " other" Parliament , and legislating for Labour ' s PflOX £ CTioN . And cannot this be done ! What are the difficulties in the way 1 Who is there to say it is net desirable ? Who dare say , " is not practicable" ? It is practicable : and it will be practised , if experience has sufficiently schooled the Trades in the futility of more stiukes , and taught them the necessity of altering ; their tactics , if success is to be attained .
This subject is an all-important one . We shall often recur to it ; and do our best to guide tho feeling evidently setting in for another groat Tbadss Movement to a wise , a rational , a just , and a scccessfux end .
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THE POLITICAL TRAVELLERS . " Let us be companions as far as we are going on the name road ; and when we can no longer agree let us part , " was one of the most suooessful artifices of our old fellow travellers—the Whigs . The proposal appeared fair , and the terms of companionship not unreasonable , till the working classes discovered that their Whig companion had the gout , and merely accepted an arm as a means of assistance to his OWu door ; and even if wil'inj } , was not able to lend Labour a helping hand m turn . The people who
had farther to go , were obliged to plod their weary way alone for the remainder of their journey . At length they discovered that all the advantage of companionship was on one side . The representatives ef hope and anticipation , promised , and were allowed to promise , anything and everything as a means of achieving that power by whioh the ascendancy of Capital could be preserved : and the middle classes , for whose sole advantage that power Wft 3 sought , co-operated with the Whig party from the thorough conviction that upon them , and upon them
alone , depeuded the fate of their rulers . Not only to protect the Capital of the middle classes , but to augment its profits by the complete subjugation of Labour , was the understanding between the Whigs and the middle class :: \ The Reform Bill in fact ¦ was the pr z ) for which the people travelled so long and indefatigably with their Whig companions ; and they now find that they have but their labour for their pains . This " "fascinating bait having , in the bands of the Whigs , lost its charm , several new anglers have attempted to bait the hook with a more tempting bite . Heace , while none will admit the people ' s right to auy participation in the Government <•>( the country , all confess their omnipotence
by admitting that popular aid is aa indispensable ingredient of party agitati ®!) . There is now spring * ing up in this country an Association which bids fai _ to rival our former Whig companions in the art of seduction , The Association to whioh we allude , and of which Lord Harewood , a most unscrupulous a nd uncompromising Tory , is president , has been recently established in Yorkshire , in the hope that so popular a plant may spread its fibres through the land . We have many times compared the promises of the Whigs out of office with their performances in power : angels in tht > field , but devils ia the cabinet : aad it is because we suspect triok under an artful guise , that we Beleot this " Protection to Labour " Association for comment .
Lord Harewood is the President , aad would start as Labour ' s friend , offering " Protection "—a fascinating term ; but not telling us how ( he boon is to bo extended to the working classes . Lord Harewood ia also denominated " the farmer's friend . ' By the labourer , Lord Harewood mean 9 his own tenants , and not those who work for them ; and by protection , " ho means the " protection" of his own estates from those new social duties which increasing society i 3 beginning to look for the performance of at his hauda . The labourers of
England have nothing to expeot from the Noble Earj but suoh mitigation of . their present serfdom as fear enforces from him and his class ; and the very fact of his Lordship's order taking their stand , even for one moment , ia the ranks of Labotlr , proves that they are beginning to discover that tho monopoly of the landlords presses hardly upon increasing population ; and that society will demand the fulfillment aad perfect discharge of all requisite duties as the only terms upon which proprietorship can be preserved . We have fought
the battle boldly against " Free Trado : " but we never have lent ourselves , nor shall we ever lend ourselves , to the establishment of a rival party which would flatter us while we were engaged n destroying their own enemy , and would thon turn upon the Chartist crutch and smash it , just as tha Whigs did in 1832 , when they had used it to help them to power . If any one circumstance more than another has enobled the Chartist cause , it is its singleness of purpose , and the fair , open , and manly stand-up fight that Labour , under that designation , has made against every enemy or false friend that
presented itself . The Chartists , evory man of them , are * for Fair Trade : but oppose those who look for " Free" Trade for their own advantage . The Chartists are for full , fair , and complete representation ; but will not join those who profess the same , yet east a doubt upon their professions by refusing to take their name . The Chartists are Anti-Leaguers , but will not join the Feudal A nti- League Association . We say these things , because those who come nearest to ua will still resist our demands . Well , then , in what respect docs Lord Hare wood come one pin ' s point nearer to us than those who promise " protection " by other means , but not the means we seek ?
We do not approve of any mode of catering a kind of side-love for one of tho very worst classes of society . Nothing on earth—ne power upon earthcan protect Labour but Labour ' s voice ; and let the people know that all who propose other means are enemies , and the most sly and sympathising are the worst . Let our friends rest assured that Lord Haiiewood is not going to teach Labour how to protect itself ; and let them also be assured that Lord Harewood , by his " protection , " means " protection" for his rents , and not for those who either pay them or make them .
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THE TARIFF JN OPERATION . We invite all attention to the following fulfilment of Mr . O'CONNOR ' S prediction respecting the Tariff , so sneeringly taunted by the whole Press of the country . Mr . O'Connor , it will be borne in mind , fixed the autum of 1816 as the period when the full development of Sir Robert Peel ' s project might be looked for : and if the following does not show that we are fast travelling towards the anticipated result , we do not understood the meaning of progression . We shall enter into detail on this
important matter next week : for the present , contenting ourselves with warning Sir Robt . Peel to look Out for those squalls which are sure to come from those who " whistle at the plough . " Parsons , Admirals , Generals , Judges , Pensioners , and even Monarohs themselves , cannot now resist the influx of foreign bulls , bullocks , sheep , and Bwine ; and what they are worth , and what change they are likely to effect , let the follwing say : — Operations op the Tab iff . —The great importance bo generally attached to the importation of of live stock from abroad , for our markets , induces us on the present occasion , and more especially as the
season" will be brought to a close within a month or six weeks from this date , for this year , to lay before our readers the following review of such imports from the period of the new tariff coming into operation to the present time . It will , no doubt , be recollected that , on tho passing of the above measure , notwithstanding the numerous opinions offered to the contrary , we intimated that ( though some time must of necessity elapse ) ultimately the arrivals of foreign Beasts and Sheep into this country would be
greater than many persons were led to imagine . Recent events are tending to confirm the correctness of our views , not only ag respects the actual numbers imported , but also their quality and value . In order to show the increasing importance of this trade we shall here direct particular attention to the figures given below , as they form ( derived as they are from official sources ) a feature of considerable interest . In 1842 , the first year of the tariff coming into operation , the annexed imports took place in the various ports of England , up to the end of November : —
7 Head Oxen and Bulls 630 Cows 340 Calves 60 Sheep 330 Lambs 20 Swine and Hogs 190 Total in 1842 1 , 570 bead . Of the above , about 300 Beasts and 200 Sheep came to hand from Spain , the remainder of the stock from Germany , Holland , France and Zetland . Amongst those from Vigo wero some very useful animals , but those from other quarters came hither in , mostly , a half-fat state . The returns for the corresponding period ; in 1843 , shows an increase , though not to any material extent , in the importB , compared with those
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of the preceding year , they having beea as under : — i Head . Oxeu and Bulls 680 Cowa .. i ¦ ¦ 349 Calves .. ; 60 Sheep .. « 232 Lambs 8 Swine and Hogs 310 ! Totalin 1843 1 , 639 head . One of the causes which prevented any larger increase in thei arrivals in 1843 , over those of 1842 , appears to have been the rapid falling off ia those from Spain , arising from the great losses sustained by the importers from thai country , even t hough a larger portion of the ] Beasts were purchased in the
neighbourhood of jVigo , as low as from £ 6 to £ 7 . per head . The freight of these Beasts , exclusive of the duty , landing , Sea ., about £ 5 103 per head , was decidedly against speculation ; hence very few persons are found willing to purchase either Beasts or Sheep in Spain for our markets : consequently we are not expecting any extensive supplies of stock in future from any of the bpanish ports . The efforts , however , whiqh have beeu made by the Gefmau and Dutch graziers , the results of which are now developing themselves , to improve their stock by larger imports of some of oar best breeds of Beasts , Sheep , and Pigs , iead us to the conclusion that it is from those two countries that we &hall henceforth be principally supplied . It is a somewhat singular fact
that the shorthorns , chitfiy grazed in our northern districts , were ; originally derived from Holland ; yet thestock lately imported theaoe ( wearenow . spoaking of the Beasts in particular ) bears but a moderate similarity to the original breed . The Sheep almost exactly resemble the old Kents both in size and shape , Tho increase which is observed in this year's importations must not , we find , be attributed to English speculators , at least three-fourths of them having been under the auspices of certain moneyed parties , moving , it is said , in the highest circles abroad , who have actually | had their own salesmen offering the stock for sale in this market . This oiroumstance has , as might be imagined , caused no little surprise here : but of course there is no remedy for it . We
have remarked , in the foregoing observations , that a great improvement has taken place in the quality of the Beasts lately imported . This was never more marked thaa in the supplies brought forward here on Friday last ; for out of the 135 head in the market on that day , at least fifty of them were in what may bo considered good condition . Indeed , we saw several that weighed 160 stones ( 81 bs to the stom ) each . The Sheep were better than we have hitherto noticed them ; but there were none calling for particular observation . Strange as it may appear , not a single instance has occurred—even though such experiments , both in pasture and stall , have been numerous—in which it has been found possible to fatten foteign Beasts in this country with advantage . Notwithstanding all the care add attention shown , they—arising , ; no doubt , from change of food—have gradually decreased in weight , and very often been
attacked by the epidenio . On inquiry and personal inspection , " we-find that the Beasts , on being slaughtered , die—to use a technical expression , extremely well ; much better , in fact , than their touch and appearance would lead ua to expeot ; consequently they have become more in favour amonget the butchers than they were some months since . The supplies of foreign tttock here this morning consisted of 40 Beasts an ^ o'O Sheep—all from Rotterdam—and of fair saleable quality ; while since this day se ' irnight the importation )) for London and the various outports have amounted to 210 Beasts and 194 Sheep , which added to previous imports , will give the following , total : — •; ¦ Beasts . Sheep ; Total for 1844 3 , 400 ... 764 „ 1843 929 ... 232 M 1842 970 ... 330 Grand totals ... 5 , 299 1 , 326 head .
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JUSTICE TO THE MINERSThe Hasweil explosion , which has created so much excitement in the country , and which in its immediate results , produced caalamties even yet frightful to look on , bids fair to be productive at no distant day of the best consequences in connection with the welfare of that olass so dreadfully decimated by these shocking catastrophes . Assuredly , the first step to an abolition of grievances is to give to those grievances publicly . The first Btep to reform is to impress the public mind with the necesssity of the proposed ohanae . When the Wallsend explosion occurred in 1835 , ten years ago , consigning one hundred and one men and boys to a dreadful death and premature grave , that " accidental" catastrophe scarcely excited a " nine days' wonder . " The newspapers reported the " aocident" just as
they would have done any other horror of the " accidental" or the ! " Grcenacre" clasa ; but beyond that nothing was doae to rouse public feeling in behalf of the poor miners . Then there was no Northern atar to publish ; the truth and the facts of these " accidental" murders . Then there was no poor man ' ti champion ^ like Mr . Roberts , who , despite " The oppressor' * wrong , the proud man ' s contumely , " would dare to vindicate the claims of the outraged sons oft labour to justice , and beard the apologists and advocates of tyranny to their teeth . Now there is both . Both have doue something to expose wrong , hasten the triumph of- right , and scourge the avaricious oppressor into a course of justice and humanity ; and we promise the Miners and all other Trades , that both will never ceasa their labours till adequate protection and full justice is wrung from the legislature , but too long apathetic and indifferent to their sufferings and their
wrongs . Our readers are aware that some weeks since Mr . Roberts announced his intention of publishing a faithful narrative of the Hasweil explosion , and report of the very extraordinary procedings at the subsequent inquest . The '' Narrative and Report " have this wetk j been published , and are now i > - ing before us . We have made some rather lengthy extracts from thelintroductory portion of this interesting work whioh we will now lay before our readers . ! CAN NOTHING IE DONE ?
Mr . Forater , the head viewer , and principal manager of the col . iery says , that nothing more can be done for the safety of the f men than has been done ; he is sure of it ; he swearajit ; the system of ventilation was perfect ; no possible improvement could nav& beea made ; he can make no improvement now ; as soon as can be the pit will be all got right again as before , and the men go to work as before ; and he addscarelessly and off hand—that " ninety-five may be burnt and suffocated in the first hour or minute after the resumption of labour . " He cannot help it , nay he ' s sorry tot it , very , ; bat tie can do nothing ; and be is perfectly certain that no man or Bet of men , however scientific ot skilful , can suggest anything that woui < l be bentflcisl . Atllthis he swears to , boldly and confidently . . ; But do not let us deceive ourselves . Mr . Foster's
opiuion is not to iterminate this melancholy business , unless you , by youi folly and indifference , permit i t to do so . Too MANYj / iwM have gone at once for that ! Five at n time , tenj twenty at a time might have been blown up with nothing said or thought about it ; but ninety-five is too beavy a sacrifice to pass unheeded ; Parliament , the Press , the Government , soci « ty are alive to the responsibility cast upon them . The doubt —but iio , doubt is ' not their feeling—they disbelieve Mr . Forster , utterly and entirely ; they do not regard what has happened as a V Visitation of God .
I say do not let us deceive ourselves . This Horrible contempt of life—your life ; this quiet , good tempered consignment of you all to a periodical series of " A . coide&tai deaths , and | no blame attached to any one / ' x& the natural and neceatary result of your own criminal indifference . In tens , and fifties , and hundreds you have seen your brothers fall around you ; widows and orphans and old ' grandfathers , have been drafted in dozens to the poor-house , and in unuttered sorrow died thei * : and you—pale for a moment and stapifled—have looked calmly and submissively on , with a sort of childlike confiding humility , as if God Almighty had made tne fire-damp and choke-damp ou purpose for youesptcially to kill you I Do I not say truly—and is ( his always to besot I
We must take this matter seriously to heart , and the considerations connected with it There ia fair ground for believing that the general question of your grievances —and more particularly the peculiar dangers you are exposed to , will be brought before Parliament early next session ; say sometime in March or April . There will then be an opportunity of explaining everything ( not merely how you are killed and mutilated , but the many contrivances by which you art * defrauded ) to a tribunal which has the power and the -will to assist you . This will be a mighty i opportunity , and long years may elapse before the public mind way be again in the same favourable temper towards you .
On several occasions Parliament has interfered for your protection : the acts prohibiting track—prohibiting payment of wages in public-houses , prohibiting the employment of women in mines , ace proofs of this . You will say that these lawaarejevaded and set at nought ; so they are ; but you will now have the opportunity of shewing how they are evaded—the most cuaniug aub ' tiety will bd exposed ; old laws will be altered and new laws ^ made and ( greatest change of all ) magistrates will be found willing and determined to enforce their provisions , i
We have said the Legislature have been too long apathetic and indifferent to the wrongs of the Miners ; but , in justice to the former body , we should state that they have admitted the evil ; and though they failed to enforce a remedv , they hoped that scientific aid would be resorted " to by the " Coal Kings , " to prevent a repetition of former calamities . But this hope is up to this hour fruitless . The " rights-of-property" men religiously eschew all "duties" demanded of them by society , or hoped for by the Legislature $ . they must , therefore , be coerced into caring for the lives of those v ho , toiling for them , produce all their wealth . " the evil is bipe for legislation . " In 1835— now aearly tea years ago—the subject of
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" Accidents in Mines" was brought before the House o Commons : a Committee was appointed to report thereon : the Committee aat for several weeks , and examined upwards of forty witnesses—many of them of great experience and practical skill ; and several excellent suggestions were made with the -view of preventing such accidents in future , or at all events mitlgB-t' mg their effects . The Committee , however—piQ - bably out of regard to what were then considered the rights of private property—declined to recommend any legislative enactment The language of the Report as to t&e doty of the coal owners to do far more thaa had hitherto been done for the safety of the pitmen is clear , strong , and decided : tte committee say , "they cannot express the sense they entertain of the responsibility incurred by the owners cf mines generally : in their bands are the lives of a vast multitude of their
fellow-creatures industriously contributing to tbeir personal aad onr national aggrandisement" The report of 1835 concludes thus : " In conclusion , your committee regret that the results of ( this inquiry have not enabled them to lay before the Hsuse any particular plan , by which the accidents in qutstion may be avoided with certainty , and in consequence no decisive recommendations are offered . They anticipate great advantages to the public and to humanity , from the circulation of the mass of valuable evidence they have collected . They feel assured that science will avail itself of the information , if not for the first time obtained , yet now prominently exhibited ; and that tha parties for whose mere immediate advantage the British Parliament undertook the inquiry will not hesitate to place a generoua construction on the motives and intentions of the Legislature . "
Since tbe appsintmsnt of the above committee nothing has been done in the way ot legislation for preventiBg accidents in mines . A valuable report , bowever , of the Midland Mining Commission w * 3 published a year and a half ago ; it relates entirely to the mining population of South Staffordshire : other reports of a similar nature and relating to other cor ' districts may probably soon be in course of publication : all your wrongs aud grievances will , in the course of a few months , be explained and . laid bare by a mass of unimpeachable evidence , such as never before wrg brought to bear on such a subject . This is the sort of ground-work upon which legislation seeks substantially to build itself ; and I consider ¦ what faas been done , and what is doing , to be a sound and significant proof that the Parliamunt , though desirous of acting on evidence and with caution , is fully alive to your position
and anxious to remedy its evils . The hopes expressed by the committee of 1835 , that additional tSotts for your safety would be made by the coal owners have proved unavailing ; not a single suggestion has been acted npon : each Pit—as it explodes—is the very best ventilated in the whole trade ; Coioner and Jury follow ia the well-trod track—and tbe press , with some pious phrase , records that alt your deaths are " Accidental , " and " no blame attachtd to anygone . " This quiet and convenient system , however , has gone on so long uncontested and unheeded , that it has at last , in wearing itself out , completed its work ; it has excited sympathy and created thought ! All hope of anything effdctual being done by the coal owners , until forced by the arm of power , ia now given up—and the feeling has become universal that "The evil is ripe for Legislation "
BESIGNATION NOT A DUTT . But if yon desire such legislative interference to be successful you must yourselves be vigilant ; you are too lithargic ; this Haswell Explosion ( followed too by half a d < B ^ n others ) has not excited amongstyou a hundredth part of the attention that it ought to have done ; you must talk yourselves and goad yourselves into a desire to remedy the evils you complain of . Nature—Providence—does not require you to die in the fire damp and choke damp . Resignation to troubles and misfortunes which are unavoidable—and which , because they are
unavoidable , we may suppose to t ) the will of our Creator and Father—is indeed a virtue , supporting and ennobling . But resignation to Mammon—to a monthly blowing up by the foul gas— became otherwise " the pit could not be worked with profit "—tbe unconcerned sacrifice of life in oidei that the wealth of yonr masters may be greatertffartless , uncomplaining , anresiating , and even cheer ful—such resignation is base and cowardly , and so fet from being in accordance with moral or revealed religion , ia , in tbe highest degree , wicked and sinful .-
Our next extract is from an article on the " Repo t from the Select Committee on Accidents in Mines , " alluded to above . The volume published by tha House of Commons is a volume of upwards of 300 folio pages . The Report of the Committee occupies the first twelve pages , and of this report Mr . Roberta gives his readers an analyses . BErORT OF THE C ) MMITTEE . The report commences with some general matter whieh it is not necessary to extract : then comes a rather particular allusion to the difficulty of obtaining from the Coroners " returns of the persons who had met
with UDtiinely deaths in the mines of England and Wales , '' and an observation that" Many of the counties and divisions of counties from which no returns have been received , are those wherein your Committee have reason to believe cataatrophiea have occurred which would have material 1 / swelled the catalogue . Tlit counties of Durham and Northumberland * it will be observed , are omitted . " The repott thfen alludes to the "Local Records" of Mr . John Sykes , of Newcastle , M supplying the deficiency of the Coroner : the list of Mr . Sykes had been revised and amended by Mr . Buddie . The report pror : eds ; —
We know not whether the polite , patient , truthseeking , justice-loving gentleman who at present tills the office of Coroner for the County of Durham was the occupant of that office at the time the Committee made their report ; but onb thing is evident , that then , as now , there ; was no getting at the truth in Durham and Northumberland , if Coroners could help it . Then , despite the " omnipotence" of Parliament , they burked all evidence ; and now they seem determined to play % similar pait . But ten years have made a wonderful alteration ; and , despite all the bullying of Jacks in office , the truth shall be published far and wide . We proceed with our esiracu from too" Report . "
THE DAVT LAMP NO PROTECTION . "The list , as drawn , furnishes an account from 1810 of » ne thousand one hundred and twenty-five lives lost ; this , added to the general returns already alluded to ( defective , and vastly short of tbe total , as yeur Committee believe them to be ) , gives the number of fatel accidents , for the last twenty-five years , two thousand AND SEVENTY . " After this we are told of a rather startling fact—that sine ** tbe introduction of the " j ) avy" lamp tbe loss of life bad increased . " In the eighteen years previous to the introduction of the lamp 447 persons had lost their lives in the counties of Northumberland and Durham ,
whilst in tbe latter term of eighteen years the fatal accidents amounted to 533 . " To account for tbia increase it may be sufficient to observe , that tbe quantity of coal raised in tbe said counties has greitlj increased ; seams of coal so flbry as to have lain unwrought have been approached and worked by the aid of the safety lamp ; many dangerous mines were succ ^ aafu : i / carried oa , though in a most inflammable state , and without injury to the general health of tbe people employed . Add to this the idea entertained , that oa tbe introduction of that lamp , the necessity for format precautions and vigilance , in a great measure , had ce& 8 eJ . "
Having proceeded bo far , the Committee approachthough with evident caution and tremhliug—to a sort of speculative recognition of the sacred claims of humanity . The language nsed is rather remarkable ; it is characteristic of its date—the sort of weighing the " undoubted rights of property' * against " the interests of humanity " —the same quantity of Words given to each : as to the latter , the Committee state " their decided opinion " that " they demand consideration" ; tbe former , however , being " rights , " and " undoubted , " ptoved heavier in tbe scale .
"These facts led your Committee to a serious part of tbeir inquiry . How are these calamities to be prevented for the . future ? They desire fully to recognise the undoubted rights of property , enterprise , and labour . They acknowledge tbeir conviction , that the public interest has been served by the opening of the more dangerous mines , and the competition tbeir working bri created ; they do not overlook the anxious care alleged te have been maintained to diminish tbe attendant risk ; but they deem it their doty to state tbeir decided opinion , that tbe interests of humanity demand consideration , and they would gladly put it to the owners of these mines how far any object of pecuniary interest or personal gain , or even tbe assumed advantages of public competition , can justify the continued exposure of men and boys in situations where science and mechanical skill have failed in providing anything like&dequ&ta protection . "
Then we have an allusion to the Wallsend explosion . It occurred immediately after the appointment of the Committee . We are informed that the mine was ¦ conducted on principles sanctioned by some of the most eminent colliery viewers and best pitmen" ; and " that in the judgment of welt informed individuals no reasonable precaution had been omitted . The melancholy result wus , that in an instant one hundred and one men and boys were killed . " The identity of this languog ^ with that used in all colliery explosions , will , we have no doubt , excite attention . Tbe next sentence of the committee is an important oae : it formed tha ground wetk of Mr . Bvbertfs application to the Government , and the subsequent appointment of Professors Lyall and Furraday , and M& Stutchbury : the sort of struggle between caution and humanity is again remarkable .
•• Here yon rcommitfcee would observe , that without any disposition to qu&stien the z-. ^ alous and faithful diacharge of their important duties by local coroners and juries , it may be expedient to consider bow far it fa ueceBaaty to provide that at the earliest possible opportunity information of every accident attended with death to a large number of his Majesty * s subjects should be tranamitted to the Secretary of State ( or t& « Home Dapattment , and that he , or the Chiei Jnstic 3 of England , his Majesty ' s Coroner , should , at bis or their discretion , direct the uttendunce of some no ami proaer person or persons , by them to be appointed , Co be present at , and assist the said Coroner and tna Jury ia their investigations . From sueh a proceeding results the most valuable to humanity aud science
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A Sapje . vt Jxray . —At the Sandwich sessions , Ou Thursday last , " twelve wUe men" returned a verdict of ' Not Guilty"' in respect of a charge against a female prisoner , but accompanied it with the hope that she would not do it again !—Canterlury Journal . Waste La > 'DS . —About 5 , 000 acres of Dartmoor have been purchased by a company , who have already fenced and drained part of it , and calculate on letting the whole at ten shillings per acre . Hitherto the land has been waste .
The K0rtheb.N Star. Saturday, Isovsmber 9, 1844.
THE K 0 RTHEB . N STAR . SATURDAY , ISOVSMBER 9 , 1844 .
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to have read Mr . Lawless ' s resignation among tbe other communications in the course of the proceedings of Monday last , at all events % If there had not been a manifest intention . tP " burke" the Untoward epistle , it might have been made pablio on Monday week .
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STIR AMONG THE TRADES . THE present No . of the Northern Slar contains ample , evidence that the " dry bones" of Trades Unions are about to be " ehaked" up into life and energetic action ; and if a proper direction can but be givin to : he efforts and power of these combinations , the" move" will become all-important for good—for Labour ' s redemption may be secured : but if the old radios alone aie to be observed ; if the old weapons oily are to be employed ; if the efforts of the Trades are to be merely directed to the amassing of funds to be spent in Stiukes , —no matter whether those Strikes axe for advance of wage 3 , or to resist offered reductions ; if this ia to be the " be-all a&d the endail" of the efforts made , it would be far better that the u dry bones" remained "dry" still , and that the Trades -mere spared the bitter disappointmetd and galling defeat that MUST FOLLOW on unfounded hope and misdirected exertion . &T&LK . E 3 have hitherto been fruitless for pe&-JkUSEM 600 D . It is only about once in ten timeB
that they effect even as appearance of immediate benefit . For one that succeeds 3 even after the expenditure of immense sums of money , and the heroic braving , of suffering and sheer starvation ; for one stbjsjz that sneceeds in its Immediate object , even after tSoris like these , there are ten that are utterly defeated : and when we calculate the cost of success ; the cost in money—in exertion—in labour—in want } misery , and privation ; when we calculate all these , —the price paid for victory ; when the fiir calculation is made , and a balance struck between these things
and the amount of benefit resulting on such " victory , * ¦» in nine cases out of ten , even here , the Trades find that they have " gained a loss . " otbikeo are futile and intffieient for this purpose , —the keeping np the rate of wages , and the preservation of the privileges of the toilers . Thi 3 all passed experience proves : and the causes that have hitherto operated to prevent their sneeess , exist now in greater force than ever : and theblfoke it is impossible for mere sibikes to succeed at the present day . Should the Trades , in their newly awakened efforts , rely on thia " broken reed , ' they will inevitably suffer disappointment and defeat .
How ia it possible for a strike of Labour against Capital to succeed ? It is huxger battling with full bdlies ! It is an army ¦ without arms and ammunition fighting against an army fulJy eqnipped It is bare breasts against the steel , powder , and lead of the disciplined combatant . All the odds are opat 7 is / , the labourer , even though the contest Bhould be confined betwixt himself and the capitalist . But the contest is never bo confined . Not only has the labourer without means to fight the capitalist with means , but he has also to
fight with HiMSEtF ! And this is by far the severest portion of an almost hopeless battle . It is not only Htrr « GEB against pliniy , but it is iiukgkb against btjsgkb . The morsel of food that o > er-fed luxury offerB to the labourer , becomes a prize worth contending for among the over-stocked tanks of the jUnder-fed workers ; and the wage-lowering employer has bat to hold out the prospect of even a small loaf , " and forthwith he is snrronnded by many who try to obtain it , even at the sacrifice of the interests of their trade . " Hunger will break through stone walls . ' '
It does not , however , follow , that because Labour has little or no chance against snch fearfnj odds , that , therefore , Labcur is to lay prostrate at
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4 THE NO RTHERN ST A R : __ November 9 , 1844 .
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ROYAL PATRONAGE . THE " NORTHERN STAR" AND THE XING OF SWEDEN . The " Leading Journal of Europe" has published to tho world the following most important announcement : — " TLe King of Sweden has recently sent tbe Order of tbe Northern Star to the following distinguished Savons : —Baron Alt ^ mder Hnmboldt , M . Arago , Herr Seining ,, Herr Tistk , Herr Giubj , M . A . Lamartine , M . Victor Hngo , £ U I M . < 1 « TotquevLUa " It is impossible for language to describe how grateful we are , for . this mark of regard at the hands of the Swedi&h agent for the Northern Slar . Any " order" for the Northern Star yrs shall be but too happy 10 supply . He may have any quantity he pleases , eiiher tor his own use , or to send to his friends , if be only forwards " cash in advance . " This intimation we deem necessary , even though our agent be a King : for we stick to tho Paalmisi ' s advice—'" put not your trust in princes . "
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 9, 1844, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1288/page/4/
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