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A STRIKING REMEDY ; OK , XERCIFUL HAXIK 5 , A LA OBASTtET BEBKEUET . Off ! guardian , commisioner , clerk , Your assistance no farther we need ; Too long haTe too . been in the dark , Or too-nice have you been in your creed : Talk of poor laws , and acts of " the board , " As strong in dominion and dread ! ffhatserrice do these things afford When comparedwith—a punch on the head Do you think that the " vulgar , brute mind , " ¦ Whose moodings to madness may press , Can comfort or cheerfulness find In hearts which can feel its distress t Can words stay the hungry ' s desire
Or crush down his clamour for bread ? O , nol something more you require-To be had itt—a punch on the head . Off ! away with your warnings and cries . Tour powers of prison so drill ; . 411 such bngbears the needy defies—, Small choice 'twist " the union" or " mill " Hand to hand let the injured himmeet , ( Tho justice no sentence has said ) . And the pamper'd the perisning greet "Withan " aptly-plied "—punch on the head . If the outcast your boundary should cross . And , his misery making Ms claim , Creak of hardship , illness , and loss . As a poor plea for seeking your game , At once put to silence the wretch , With a mandate that mercy has sped : — "Here , John , go directlv and fetch
Thatpoor fellow—a punch on the head . " ¦ When bumpers are crowning the board , And chairmen are "happy and proud , " "When Ciceros hit the right chord , And soapings are lavish and loud , SOU firm to the labourer ' s cause , Call in one to honour " the spread , " Aod presentMm , " midst roars of applause , " With-an elegant—punch on the head . So remember , henceforth , as a role , When paupers are publishing woe , That to talk is to tamper and fool ; To act right—a word and a blow ; Striking measures alone are the plan ¦ With rascals who want to he fed ; —Put ' em down , "like a practical man , " With an Old English—punch on the head . Great Gun
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CHRONICLES OF THE BASTILE—Parts XJL . Xffl , XIV . T . C . Newby , Mortimer-street , Cavendish-square . Nearly every reader , we dare say , has , ia the course of Ills life , read some one book , * which , beyond all others , rivetted his attention at the time , and which , though years may have elapsed since that book was handled , its main features are yet as distinct to the memory as when first read . We Jcnoiv this to be the case with more than one acquaintance ; with one , the particular book has been Itobinton Crusoe ; with another , Bumjan ' a Pilgrim ' s Progress ; another , Tom Jones ; another , Wavcrley ; another , Don Juan ' , and another , Sicholas Mdiely . We confess to be no exception to this rule ; and the work now under notice
is just such a work as will not fail to impress its contents uneraseably on the memories of those who read it . The Chronicles «/ the Hostile is a book to be read lay day and dreamed of by night : a work in which the characters therein seem to breathe upon the paper , and become real ilesh and blood ; beings whose fortunes we look upon with hope or dread , who arc to us lovcable or hateful , as their deeds attract or repel us . We know of no similar work of the present time so well calculated to promote the Cause of liberty as these " Chronicles . " The workings of the hateful despotisms under which Europe for so many centuries groaned , are laid'baro with a masterly and unsparing hand ; and the revelations of the frauds and crimes of the tyrants of by-gone days will be read with dismay by their successors of the present , who , though their daws have been pared ,
and their teeth , to a certain extent , drawn , still are not altogether powerless , and still , asfar as they dare , practice the arts of their infernal predecessors . The member for Finsbury ' s recent expose of the Government atrocities in connection with the Post-office , renders the following extracts from partxii . of this work most Interesting . D' Ahgexsos , the lieutenantgeneral of poliee , and head of the infamous spy-system in the reign of Louis XIV ., was the first , in France , who conceived the idea , and introduced the infamous system of intercepting and opening individual correspondence . In the following scene D'Argexsos is engaged with a subordinate named GeumeauP , in sotting and examining the letters at the " Burtande la Paste" the former ; being on the look-out for letters addressed to his victims , or to those who , incurring Jus hatred or suspicion , he might purpose victimising : —
THE " CABINET KOIR . " The room itself was very dark , for it had no window and was called the cabinet noir ; less perhaps on account of its ohsenrity—though it was obscure enough , in all conscience—tfcan of the nature of the business carried on therein ; it was likewise exceedingly Dare of furniture , possessing butone chair and the table already mentioned ; Ions ? black cobwebs , covered with dust , hung about from the cefling , and ill the corners , long since deserted by their noisome occupants—one or t « o of which s&i uangledfrom themty the legs , shrivelled up into skin , and spinning round and round at the slightest breath of air that stirred ; in the middle of the chamber stood an iron tripod , upholding a small braider , filled with live charcoal : in one corner , near the chimney , was strewn a
number of opened letters , and on a shelf , fixed into the Rail , were . arranged , ready for immediate service , a rariety of seals , of different kinds and devices , with a few Sticks of coloured -wax , and a bos . containing a composition of the consistence of putty , apiece of which , an individual who stood behind D'Argenson had just pinched Dfi ; and was now kneading iu the hollow of his hand . On the table burnt a small oil lamp , Dy the side of which lay a . book , in which the lieutenant of ponce occasionally Krote a remark or two , as he set apart for examination certain epistles whose superscription appeared to interest him more particularly than the others . Several of these
had already undergone inspection , the process of breaking Open the seals and re-adjusting them being performed with considerable dexterity by the individual in waiting—a tall , lean man , with pmchecUzp features , sallow complexion , and sandy hair—who , though perfectly aufait to the scandalous business in which he was engaged , did not appear to take especial delight therein ; whilst his superior seemed , on the contrary , beyond measure pleased wiih the result of their labours , bestowing , every now and then , a look of satisfaction on his subordinate , and chuckling to himself , and rubbing his bony hands toge ther , " in the exuberance of his glee , whenever a disclosure of particular moment fell under his observation .
Tes ! and I intend to promote thee , remarked D'Argeuson , turning round and speaking in a confidential tone ; ¦ which is more than thy late employers did ! But , as I told thee before , secresy is an indispensable condition of Our compact . The respited felon bowed . Wen , then , continued ths lieutenant of police , I purpose to extend my operations , and make thee my chief as . Istaut , at a considerable advance of pay ! The system works well : its existence is unsuspected , and it has proved of infinite service to me ; but I must perfect it ! Twill have it in n-y power to know—when it suits my purpose —the business—aye , even the most intimate thoughts—Of every individual in the kingdom ! Woe , then , to such as offend me ! There shall be nothing hidden from me ;
Sang dtsu . ' The lover shall not write to his mistress , nor the mistress to her lover , but I wiil be of the party ! I win surprise family secrets ana make a market of them ; for of these there is no lack . There Bhall he no political intrigue afoot , either , that I tr ill not likewise make myself acquainted with , and aid , or mar , as best suits my views ; no commercial speculation , but that I will , by this means , forestall , and turn to account . Eveiybody ' shall feel my power ; tonnerre dieu ! My very name shall make the innocent tremble like the guilty I I have lived long enough to discover that ao one loves me ; but I don't care for that 1 I will soon make the proudest of them pay court and cringe to the man they most hate—even to me—and laugh in my sleeve whilst they do my bidding ! What sayest thou to this , friend Grameaud—is it not a grand , a glorious idea ?
'Tisin every respect worthy of 31 onseigneur , replied the man . The conversation between these worthies proceeds , bnt is suddenly interrupted by the arrival in thecourt yard of three couriers , one from the south of France , the other two special couriers—one from Madrid and one from Rome . Amongst the letters brought from the south of France , is one from a servant of the Baron de St . Auney , who is confined in the Bastile through the persecution of his enemy D'Aegessox From this letter D'Abgensojt gleans some important information , which having done , he nextturns to the letters brought bv the two special couriers : the one packet is from the French Envoy to the Papal Court , and the other from the French representative at Madrid . We proceed with our extracts : —
Apparentl y , the packet from Tours contained nothing Jnore to interest the speaker , who continued hisinspection sotwithstandinsr , muttering to himself the while ; throw-*» 2 it aside , he took op the second—the one brought by * ke messenger from Borne—and read the superscription * * ras addressed to the Secretary of the Archbishop of ^^" washoundronndwithpuiplesillc ribbon , and sealed ^^ rtelarge seals . Here ' s something for thee to do , exclaimed he , handing toe epistle to Grameaud ; the impression is T » ld , so it worn be difficult quick ! Tm impatient
. ineinaa received the missive , examining it for a mottent T « T narrowly ; he then pinched off a piece of the Com position , abont tjje bigness of a nut , and commenced ineaain g it m his palm , employing the knuckle of his I 0 te £ oga . fOT that p , jrp 0 stt . having movMed it into a Convenient form , he flattened one end of it , and applied it 10 of the seals of the letter , pressing it hard down , in
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order that CYOry inteviiics mi ght he properly filled ; a few seconds sufficed to take off a perfect fac-simile , which he compared with the original . The result proving satisfactory , he took a sharp pen-knife and artistically removed the superfluous edges hy jinr in ^ ' them closely off , taking care to leave them smooth . This done , he ' held the new ^ seal over the brasier until it was quite dry and hard—an operation that did not occupy more than five minutes ; and , when it was completed , handed it to D'Argenson , who , after a minute scrutiny , nodded his head approvingly , and motioned toGvumeaud to open the letter . This operation required considerable nicety ; hut
was performed with the same skill as the last . Holding the packet at a convenient distance from the fire , Grumeaud began by loosening the ribbon , as soon as the warmth had melted the wax sufficiently to permit of its being done . He then repeated the process of warming , until the seals gave way , leaving the outer envelope intact . The inner ones were removed in a similar manner , and the contents of the packet at length exposed to view . They consisted of a small oblong box—which , on examination , proved to be a reliquaire—and a couple of letters ; one of them addressed , like the cover , to the Archbishop ' s Private Secretary , the second to " ifonseigneur the Archlisliop of Toledo ; " both written in the same hand .
The contents of these letters being taken possession of , the packet from Madrid next shares the same fate . Having obtained his ends , D'Argenson next orders GavjMEM 3 B to reseal the letters .- — The operation was simple enough , and performed with much dexterity ; indeed , so neatly as to defy detection ; the letter to the Secretary Deing re-foldeS , re-sealed , and laid in precisely the same position upon the reliquaire , the ribbon was attached with scrupulous attention that each fold and each seal fell in its proper place ; the packet was next subjected to the process of warming , until the wax was sufficiently melted to adhere , and to receive the impression of the forged seal : it was then handed to D'Argenson , who having examined it very minutely nodded his head in token of his satisfaction . Don't you think it wants something , Monseigneur * asked the man casting a very sly glance at his employer . The latter looked again , and observed that he did not think SO .
There's no gloss on the wax , Jlonseigneur ! remarked Grumeaud , with a cunning smirk . JPatrdieu > thou art right ! exclaimed the lieutenant of police ; but surely that will not be observed . Can't make too certain , resumed Grumeaud ; and takingfrom the shelf a small phial containing a clear , unctuous liquid , in which the feather-end of a crow-quill was in . serted , he drew the latter very lightly over the surface of the new impression , and with an air of triumph threw the packet upon the table . I told thee thou haa'st genius ! exclaimed D'Argenson , looking at the seals ; thou hast taught me a lesson in cunning that I shall not soon forget .
Whilst the reader ' s breast heaves with disgust , and his Drain thrills with honor at the contemplation of this accursed system , let him remember that that vstem easts to tins day in this eounlry . The power is not only lodged in the hands of the Governmentbut , as recent exposures have shown , that power is unscrupulously exercised whenever the interests of foreign brigands or home usurpers are to be served by its operation . Let it be remembered , too , that the Minister for Foreign Affairs in this country has opened the letters addressed to the ambassadors from foreign nations , as regularly as those letters arrived ; a fact reflecting eternal disgrace upon the English name . The vfllanous doings of a D'Abgesson have been part and parcel of the regular duties (!) of a RussEii , and a Palmehsok , a Graham , and an Aberdeen . 'Tis surely time the system was changed . 'Tissurely time the people rose in their moral dignity , and to such rulers , cried " Get you gone , make wav C 111 * tor better men I
We have only space to add , that we trust the " Chronicles of the Bastile" will have a circulation equal to its merits ; in which case it will stand second to no current work in the best possible proof of public approbation and support .
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LEICESTER . Tee Chartists of the Hampden locality wish to inform their friends that they have engaged a room of Mr . Warwick , Printer , Union-street , which will be their future place of meeting . They have also opened a school for the instruction of adults and children ( open on Sundays , and on Tuesday and Thursday evenings ) , in the above-named room , which will be carried on without any charge whatever . Mr . Cooper ' s Condition . —To the Chartist Body . — Friends , —In the Star of the Stli inst . you have kid before vou a brief statement of Mr . Cooper's condition , from his own pen ; and we may also learn what his position will be at the time of his liberation , if steps
are not immediately taken to provide him with suitable clothing . The " following was told to our friend Peplow , by one of the gaol officers , only a few days since : —That Mr . Cooper is completely lost for want of clothes ! His coat ( he observed ) had more colours than " Joseph' s ; " and as for his trousers , a vestige of the original cannot now be recognised ! ^ This being the case , I ask you , as men seeking justice , will you allow Mr . Cooper , who has been imprisoned more than two years for advocating your rights—for advising working men to cease labour till the Peoples Charter became tie law of ike land—will you allow him to go forth from his dungeon on the 3 rd of May next , peiinvZcss / homeless I and in rags ? Immediate
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J . XX XI V ^ X J-L subscriptions are necessary in order that Mr . Cooper may have clothes ready to come out in . We have no funds in hand . AH * localities who have received printed lists are particularly ' requested to transmit what cash they have in hand by the 1 st of April , and afterwards , to return the lists * with further monies they may have received by the 1 st of May next . Donations received by Mr . Peplow , Browning-street , Stafford , and myself—address as under . Printed lists will be forwarded , per post , to any person desirous of rendering assistance , on application to "William Tatlow , secretary to the "Uooper Testimonial Committee , " Welibrd-road , Leicester . [ Surely this urgent and pressing appeal will be responded to . The Chartist name will be dishonoured if no efforts are made to relieve Mr . Cooper from * his most painful situation .
HALIFAX . Lecture . —Mr . Doyle , on Sunday last , lectured in the Working Man ' s Hall , Halifax , on " Self-government . " He spoke of its tendency to bring comfort to every individual . He showed how class legislation , through its ramifications , took advantage of the supineness or apathy of the people to gain unlimited power , and then used that power for individual aggrandisement , and to crush the liberties of the people By appointing soldiers and policemen to coerce the people into submission . He entered into a detail of taxation , theproduetion oflabour , the new Poor Law , &c . Mr . Doyle addressed a very numerous and attentive audience for an hour and a half in a most eloquent and impressive manner , with great effect .
TUNBRIDGE WELLS . At a Public Meetixg of the members of th is locality the following resolution was unanimously agreed to - . — "That we , the Chartists of Tunhridge Wells , in full meeting assembled , do hereby express our confidence in the integrity of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., and heartily thank him for his great services in the people ' s cause , "
NORTH LANCASHIRE . Delegate Meeting . — This meeting took place according to announcement , on Sunday the 16 th mst ., at Bradshaw ' s Temperance Coffee-house , Burnley . The following places where represented , viz .: —Burnley , Colne , Ilaslingden , Haggate , "Wheatley-lane , Bacup , and OswaJdtwistle . The next delegate meeting will be held at the same place , on Sunday , April 6 tn , to which each locality in the district are requested to send their opinions , either by delegate or letter , relative to the questions in the "Star" of February 22 nd . To those localities who have » ot attended to the business of the district this notice is especially applied , for without their co-operation and support it is impossible to organise the district , and supply it with efficient lecturers , to arouse North Lancashire to its former state of energetic action in the struggle for those glorious principles which we profess to admire .
PRESTON . Lecture . —Mr . Clark lectured in the Hall of Science , on Thursday , the 13 th inst ., it being his second visit during his month's tour through the North Lancashire district . In Ms first lecture he took a retrospective view of the various strikes which have taken place within the last thirty yeara , stating the loss sustained in wages through each strike , and the little good ( as they all but too well felt ) which had resulted therefrom . After-pointing out-what , in his estimation , was the cause of failure , he concluded by urging upon them the necessity of a union of all the Trades . In the second lecture , he pointed out the way in which all the different classes possessing political power , had proceeded to protect themselves , at the expense of the unenfranchised portion of the community , - and earnestly recommended attention
to the acquirement of like political po ^ ver on the part of the workers , for the purpose of duly protecting themselves . To this end and for this purpose , principally , he desired a union of all the Trades . They might , by such a union , hope to give more effective assistance to each other in case of strikes . This was one just and legitimate end for which a union of tills kind might be formed ; whilst , meanwhile , they never lost sight of that political power , without which they never could hope to shield themselves effectually from the tyrant ' s power . The remarkable clearness with which the lecturer expressed his sentiments , the solidity of his arguments , and his pleasingly satirical manner of delivery , secured for him the marked attention of his auditory , and their wannest approval of all he uttered . The Chartists of Preston hope that he will long continue to be the able expounder of their principles , and the honour of their order .
DEWSBURY . Delegate "Meetixo . —The Dewsbury district delegate meeting was held on Sunday , when delegates were present from the following localities , viz .: — Dewsbury , "Wakefield , Littletown , and Birstall . The following resolutions were passed : — " That the employment of a lecturer for the district be postponed until after the Convention . " " That we approve of the resolution passed at the West Riding delegate meeting , for the West Riding to send two delegates to the forthcoming Convention . "
ROCHDALE . Sermons . —The Rev . W . V . Jackson preached two semons last Sunday , in the Assembly Rooms , to respectable and attentive congregations . OLDHAM . Lecture . —On Sunday last , Mr . J . K . Taylor delivered his fourth and last lecture on the Life , Writings / and Genius of Robert Bums . He recited a variety of songs and other poems , and concluded by giving a short narrative of the poet's life , which terminated in the 3 Sth year of his age . A YOtC Of thanks was unanimously passed to the lecturer for the satisfactory manner in which he had acquitted lumself throughout his course of lectures .
BRADFORD . Ox StfXDAl tlie membevs of the General Council met in their room , when the following persons were nominated as Council for tho ensuing quarter : —John Rogers , William Jackson , Thomas Cole , John Cole , "William Clark , John Leadley , sen ., John Leadley , jun ., treasurer , John Smyth , sub-secretary . It was resolved— " That the Council meet at ten o ' clock in the morning instead of two in the afternoon ; to commence on Sunday ( to-morrow ) . " " That Mr . "W . M . Wheeler be nominated as candidate for the West Riding to the Chartist Conference ; and that Messrs . Cole and Jackson , delegates , be instructed to propose Mm at the delegate meeting , to be held In Halifax , on Sunday the 23 rd inst . "
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , For the Week ending Monday , March 25 th , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diart of Actual Operations on five small farms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Hudaersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean . of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres ' . one worked by Jesse "Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the sameplacc . Theconsecutiveopcrationsinthesereports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diary , is aided by " Notesand Observations " from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
"let us ever remember that , in all our attempts to improve society , we ought to direct our efforts to the young and unsophisticated ; by giving them sound mental and physical training , we may correct the errors and subdue the prejudices of their elders . " —Anon . Note . —The school farms are cultivated by boys , xvho in return for three hours' teaching in the morning give three hours of their labour in the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , which renders the schools selfsuproRTiKG . We believe tliat at Farnhj Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be assigned to ' the boys , and one-savcntli to the master , who will receive the usual school fees , help the boysta cultivate tlieir land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , &c , to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig- ~ kccping , which at Christmas may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectly to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ]
SUSSES . MoTOAr— WiUingdon School . Boys digging second time for mangel wurzel . Eastdean School . Twelve boys dinging , planting potatoes , carrying manure , and gathering roob and stones . Piper . Turning mixen , and making it as fine as possible . JhavJbrell Digging for oats . Tue § dat— WiUingdon School . Boys digging same as yesterday , Eastdmn School . Boys digging for and sowing oats , planting potatoes , digging for barley , and rolling , &c . Piper . Sowing carrots . Dumbrell Drilling oats , digging . Wednesday . —Willmgdm School . Boys digging for skinless , or Peruvian barley . Eastdean School Boys digging , sowing oats , carrying tank liquid for the mangel wurzel and carrots . Piper . Hoeing seed carrots , and turnips . Dumbrell . Digging .
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T » URSDAr— WiUin gdon School . Boys digging as be-? u re" P ' sUican School . Boys digging , sowing oats , thrashing oats , cleaning them for seed , cleaning out the pigs . &c . Piper . Hoeing onions . Dumbrell Mending a fence . Fbidat— I ! ¦ 'i llingdon School . Digging as before . Eastdean School . Boys digging , sowing oats , rolling clover , and treading it well , picking weeds , &e . liper . Weeding wheat . Dumbrell . Carrying potatoes home , and dung back , mending a fence . OATUUDAY—WilUn gdon School . Boys turning manure heap . Eastdean School . Boys emptying portable pam , carrying manure to the tares , cleaning out tank and school room . Piper . Weeding wheat . Bumbrelk IIawo \ vinff Mow with , the heifer , digging . °
YORKSHIRE . Slaitktvaite Tenants . C . Varley , road making , John Xmford , sowing spring tares , harrowing , preparing ground for sowing spring ; wheat , cleaning ground tor oats . COW-FEEDIXC . WiUingdon School . Fed the same as before . DvmibreU . No variation in the feeding .
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . > PoTATOEs . —In planting potatoes let your potatoe ridges he nearly three feet apart ; your sets nine inches distant , and placed down whole , and your manure as fine as possible . Turnip Seed Bess . —[ Seed sown , three-quarters of a pound on beds , will furnish plants for one acre of land . ] Provide stores of Swede plants at the earliest possible period , for transplanting . Begin early in April to sow successions of the best seed you can procure , and do not care for a small failure on account of frosty ¦ weather . Use the steep before described for leguminious and other seeds ; pass the liquid through the seed many times ; then mix up the moistened seed , Mght well , mth a few handstul of fu > me made guano , in its driest state . Sow the mixture upon a four feet wide seed-bed , in a warm corner of your turni p field , and for protection cover it with thorn boughs ; repeat this till you find your crop of plants out of danger .
Top Dressing Wheat with Humto Compost , No . 2 . —[ Where weeds grow , better things mi g ht grow ; and we never hear of weeds paying rent . ]—Where you observe your wheat pinched , poor , and half starved , give it a ; op-dressing now with fine earthy manure compost Let it remain a week before you hoe , and you will find that this small dressing , and the hoe after it , will pay double for the labour bestowed . You cannot hoe your crops overmuch , whether there are weeds or not , for it will prevent the growth of them , and let the air into the soil , without whose influence there can be no vegetation .
[ The fanning reader will remember that last week we inserted from Mr . Nowell , the author of the MAKujairom which we make our weekly extracts , a note , in which he recommended that we should insert , immediately , certain parts of his book , because calculated to impart valuable information to cottier farmers how to make , preserve , and prepare the manure which they have constantly within their reach at home on their own " stead . " That suggestion we now act on , and give below the familiar and understandabh processes of chemistry detailed by Mr . Nowell ; with the suggestions he makes fortheenconomising of every atom of fertilising substance that falls in the farmer ' s way . Mr . NoweE ' s plans for this purpose are plain , simple , easy , and inexpensive ; and the adoption of them , to the wise and judicious
using of the manures we have at home , will be far moi'CseiisiJjtithan allowing those to wasu ; and then sending ships to the other- end of the world to fetch Guano to supply the place of those for better manures which ignorance or carelessness have suffered to perish . To all cngagedin tilling the soil , who do not file the Star , we would recommend that they cut out of-the paper the following directions for dissolving bones and preparing other chemical tillages , and paste them neatly on a piece of board , or book-back , so that they may be easily and constantly referred to , until the processes recommended become perfectly familiar to the operator . To them should be added the directions for preparing the peat , the potash , and the humus composts , which we have before given from Mr . Nowell ' s work ; and the steep for Icguminious seeds . ]
The Field-Gardexeb Compelled to Economise hi ? Manure . —[ " In tho moral government of this world , it is most wisely ordered that whatever we wilfully waste at present , we are sure to feel the want of in future . " ]—His operations being confined to a small area , seldom more than four or five acres of land , he is obliged , in a space so confined and with limited means , to practice this necessary economy . He is early taught to value Ids cow cr pig , as not merely yielding for him so much milk or so much animal food , but also as producing him the manure absolutely necessary for his future operations . The cow , the pig , are his machines for the manufacture of manure , and if its supply be deficient , he goes not elsewhere to obtain it , but sets up a new machine for its production , in the
shape of an additional cow or a pig . Hence he will husband every particle of it with the greatest cave . Manuring as he does every crop , necessity compels him to do so . He knows his labours , without this economy , would be invain . Hencealso , forthe most part , arises the superiority of MnoU . orcr large farms , in regard to their relative amount of produce . A most ingenious method of collecting the whole exorementitious matter voided in the privies , is followed by the Eastbourne tenants . An ale cask , with one end knocked out , or a large butter firkin is provided . About half way down its sides , two iron ears or handles ave strongly fixed , for the convenience of removing it . Two of these portable pahs are placed under the privy seats , and removed , when filled , bv
two persons each taking hold of a handle . These tubs being turned upside down , the contents arc received upon mould , and immediately composted with more mould , coal ashes , or other refuse . A most potent compost , probably not inferior to guano itself , may be made by mixing the contents of one of these pr ivy tubs with about six times its bulk of well-sifted dry coal ashes , and Slbs , or 10 lbs . of gypsum ; beating it up to the consistency of masons' lime , with as much tank liquid as it will retain , This mixture , thrown under a slied , will dry spontaneously , and prove a most valuable top dressing for wheat , upon
which it may be sown by hand ; for all offensive smell quickly disappears , being speedily removed by the action Of the gypsum , and ike retentive nature of the mould or ashos . Of ths importance of this simple contrivance , the observation of an eminent philosopher ( Boussingault ) , will afford a striking proof : — " If we admit , " says he , " thatthe liquid and solid excrements of man amount on an average to 1 $ lbs . daily ( 1 } lb . urine , and h lb . foaces ) , and that both taken together contain 3 per cent , of nitrogen , then in one year they amount to 547 lbs ., which contain 16 . 41 lbs . of nitrogen , a quantity sufficient to yield the nitrogen of 800 lbs . of wheat , rye , oats , or of 900 lbs . ofbarley . "
CHEMICAL TILLAGES AT HOME . . "Let no presuming impious railer tax Creative Wisdom , as if aught was form'd In vain , Ol' not for admirable ends . "—Thomson , It is a remarkable thing , that all the investigations of chemists and the experiments of practical farmers , and some of them haye been truly ingenious , would seem to point to "home" as the source of the most valuable manures . A great variety of substances have been tried as fertilisers ; but the best amongst them are found to be those that may be said to be ready at hand amongst our " household stuff . " Thus , you have rape dust as home produce ; you have common salt in continual use ; you have salts of ammonia , of potash and of soda , aa well as phosphates of lime , and magnesia in the urinary and other excretions , and in a form , too , best fitted for vegetation .
Sulphate and muriate ot ammonia ( sal ammoniac j are found in the soot from coal fires ; while potash or its salts are found in the ashes of wood fires , as well as in the water ejected after purifying the body , or its covering , b y washing with soap , or other detergents . You have abundance of phosphate of lime ( bone ash ) , &c , in the hair , flesh , and hones of animals . Nitre ( or saltpetre ) forms spontaneously around you , in the soil , its grand element , nitrogen , being derived from the atmosphere , or from the transformation of the ammonia of decaying bodies ; which element , nitrogen , is so esaential to vegetable life , that _ it has been termed the " moving agent , " which , acting under the living principle of the plant , moulds into shape the other elements ; nay more , you have a substance that contains all these things , a complete type of guano , in the dung of your domestic fowls . ¦
" Serene Philosophy ! Effusive source of evidence and truth , Without thee , what were unassisted man ; A savage , roaming through the woods and wilds Rough clad ; devoid of every liberal art , And elegance of life . " —' Thmm . Such are the principal fertilisers as established by chemical theory and the nicest experiment ; and such facts are most significant and demonstrative that , in nature , there are very admirable provisions for our preservation . They seem to declare to us that wherever there is life , at the same time most of the elements necessary for lis existence are forming in its vicinity . And especially would it seem to be pointed out to us , that cultivation , on any space , must derive more support from the animal existence , upon that space , and the labours of man , properly
directed , than trom any other source . This constitution of things we might expeet to find in a world where there are so many and such beautiful adaptations . Man requires continual and uninterrupted supplies of food ; and it does not appear to have been designed that he should go far from home for the things to aid him in its production , but rather that his Me should be made to depend upon that of the animals near his dwelling , coupled with his own foretheught and industry . In the wilderness , by calling around him , by allying himself with , and promoting tneexi 8 te » ce of ihe domestic animals , he would live as a civilised being—while without them lie must perish , or sinking into the savage state , exist aa a savage , by the chase . So that the domestic animals may properly be said to be the pioneers of civilisation .
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. I , 1 ' ¦ ' —^ "M . Liebigis inclined to measure the civilisation of any country by the quantity of sulp huric acid ( oil of vitriol ) consumed therein . " Utility , of Science— Science may nob liaye been fortunate in offering to the agriculturist an enlarged list oi" fertilisers , - but it has done much in teaching us how to elaborate into composts the natural manures , and artificially to imitate these things . We have been instructed by it how to fix their volatility ; to reduce them to ' a finer state—to the increase of their energy upon vegetation , and how to apply them—with something like precision—to the requirements of the different species of vegetables , We reduce bones , mechanicall y , to dust , m order that they may act upon our crops with . ' greater
energy ; but the chemist , by employing solvents , can reduce them to a state of division , greater by thousands of degrees , ft was M . Liebig who first directed bones to be decomposed , by sulphuric acid , oil of vitriol ; and the suggestion has been so ' practically useful , that I may . safely bring before your notice , and recommend a trial of his process . Be it understood , however , that I wish all attempts of an experimental nature to be effected , in the first instance , upon a small scale , for an application of a particular substance may be beneficial upon one soil , and have no effect whatever upon another . In general , however , the good effects of the " bone solution" lias been so decided , its efficacy so great , in various places , that a trial may be undertaken with some confidence .
" The solution of hones has been applied to crops , m many instances , with great effect , and the results wonderfully accord with the predictions of science . —See ilr . Pusey ' s Report . " Sones Dissolved in Oil of Vitriol . —Provide a wooden vessel to hold forty gallons , which place in a comer of your shed . Pour into it eight gallons of water . Then add 24 lbs . of oil of vitriol ; and afterwards one bushd 6 / Jones , finely ground . Stir all well together , and frequently . After a few hours you will find the
earthy part of the bones completely dissolved , and nothing remaining but the cartilage , or glue of the bones , in . the fluid , and ihe fat swimming upon the surface of it , in the form of animal oil . The solution presents a milky appearance , like gruel , and if applied alone to the crop ; may be further diluted with plenty of water . This quantity will be sufficient for a rood of turnips . The method of applying it will be afterwards adverted to . It may be composted also into the solid form , and its application in that State Will , in CGrtahl seasons , be for more convenient .
" Bones may be roughly stated to consist of fat , jelly ,. and an earthy matter called' phosphate of lime . This earthy part may he withdrawn , or fetched out , by the action of oil of vkrtol The fat , the jelly , and a substance called phosphoric acid are se , t free , the latter having grand fertilising properties . —See Mr . Pusey ' s Report . " Souring Vesscl .-jl adopt this name from the dyer , and apply it to the tub or vessel above-mentioned , which 1 would have you to consider as & fixture in the corner of your shed . Supply it occasionally with
a portion of oil of vitriol and water , and therein keep up a gradual dissolution of bones , by regularly feeding the fluid with them . To . this end let not a bone of any kind depart from your premises . Gather your own for this purpose , or procure a supply elsewhere . Pound them with a mallet , into rough fragments , and throw them into the touring tub . The acid will penetrate their substance , dissolve their earthy part , if even moderately large , and leave the animal matter behind in soft masses . Thus you will have a continual supply of bone solution , wherewith to feed the guanocompost , a description of which follows .
" Guano , or the dung of birds generally , possesses tho united virtues of both the liquid and solid excretions of animals . " Home-made Guano . —Mix the contents of the privypails above described , with six times their bulk " of finely sifted coal-ashes , along with a few pounds of gypsum , Beat the mixture up with as much of the " bone solution" as it will retain . Leave the heap flattened down to dry spontaneously in a corner of the shed . As it does so , add irom time to time , and diffuse equally over the heap , as much chamber-lye as
it will hold . As the mixture still continues to dry , water it with the bone solution , and chamber-lye alternately , but keep the latter in excess . Thus you may enrich the mess to any degree . When there is a further supply of soil in theprivy-pails , you may compound it afresh with the heap already formed , or proceed as before to make a new one . I need not describe the rationale ot the process ; but may remark that such a compost , after a sixth part of its weight of common salt has been added , niustbe a close imitation of the natural guano .
" In bones you have not all the substances that exist in wheat , but you have seme of them , such as phosphate of lime , « fcc . Where tlo the animals get it ?—from plants—which draw it out of the soil for their accommodation . It is but right , then , to restore it , when done-with , to the ground , that plants may feed upon it in their turn . " Phosphated tank liquid . —Put six gallons of water into your " souring tub , " and 20 lbs . of oil of vitriol . Then add 40 lbs . of bones , finely divided . When the earthy part is fetched ^ completely out of the bones , and nothing vemains but small cartilaginous masses , pour the semifluid mixture into the tank ; the contents , if about 500 gallons , will be nearly neutralised , and the alkaline ammonia will be assumed as a
component part of a fixed and highly fertilising substance —phosphate of aminoiua : the result of the action being , that sulphate of lime or gypsum phosphate of lime Ol ' fiollC-as / l , and phosphate of ammonia , have been severally eliminated or set free , all of them fertilising agents of value , particularly the last , which may probably be found , by future experiments , to form the most active agent in guano . Use this phosphated tank liquid , much diluted with water , as a top dressing , upon either grass intended for hay , or winter wheat , by scattering it over one third part of an acre of Cadi Of them : and I think ths verdure called forth by its agency will surprise you . There is no corrosive quality whatever within it ; a mild saline substance , and insoluble earthy matters having taken the place of the corrosive oil of vrtnWthat was used .
" The chief art of agriculture depends upon the collection and preservation of those manures which contain ammonia . " Ammonia or ffarhlom Spirit . —There is a substance now hawked from house to house , in the manufacturing districts , under the name of " scouring liquor , " or hartshorn sp irit , well known to many , from its pungent smell . This smell arises from the exhalation of a peculiar vaporous , or serial substance which it contains . The same substance , in a gaseous , serial , or vaporous state , exhales from the common smelling salts , from stale urine , or decaying animal substances . It is the ammonia I have spoken of before , and exists
in all urinous fluids . It contains one of the great elements of fertilisation . You will perceive that , being volatile , it must be continually flying away from the fluids that contain it . This may be prevented , however , by the employment of certain agents ; oil of vitriol being one of them . This ammonia , under whatever formit may liepwaented to us , is » material of the greatest importance . Your tank liquid contains abundance of it , unfixed however , and ready to volatilise or fly away unless prevented . It becomes , therefore , an object of importance to decrease this instability , b y causing it to combine with a substance of greater fixity .
"Whoever fails , " says M . Sprengel , "to employ some neutralising substance to combine with the ammonia , which is produced in so great a degree in summer , suffers a loss of manure which exceeds all belief . It is a gaseous substance , and not a solid material visible to the naked eye , which thus escapes and is lost ; but for all that , it is of greater importance to the nourishment of plants , than perhaps any other portion of the excrements . " Vitriolated tankliquid . —Add about li lbs . of oil of vitriol , value Is . 9 d ., to about 500 gallons of tank
iqmd , which , after stirring well , pump into the tank ban-el , and apply as a top dressing to one-third of an acre of meadow grass , intended for hay , or to the same area Of winter wheat . The effect may probably surprise you . By this audition a combination is effected between the oil of vitriol and the ammonia of the tank ; sulphate of ammonia or < jfa $ s altt a fixed and stable compound , has been formed , worth far more than the oil of vitriol usod . The acid has disappeared ; and there will remain nothing of a corrosive nature in the liquid to act delcteriously upon vegetation .
KinKBURTON Allotments . — We wish to correct what we last week stated relative to these allotments , FrederickThynne , Esq ., the agent of Lord Dartmouth , has apportioned for this purpose a farm of eleven acres near that village . He has placed one person upon a farm of several acres as a model max , and surrounded him by twenty allotment men , giving them one rood each . Tthe rent charged is the usual farmer ' s rent , with the addition of rates and taxes , which will be paid by the landlord : the model man will collect the rents and pay them at the usual time to his landlord ' s agent . This is an example well worthy of imitation , and were it followed by other large proprietors would speedily introduce the small tenancy of land throughout the country , without any additional trouble to the agents , in regard to the collection of numerous small sums of money from a numerous tenantry . It is a new principle , simple in itself , and easy in practice .
IIimsLEi Allotments . —We were also misinformed in regard to the collection of money at Leeds , and its investment in land for allotments . It ought to have been atllunslet , near Leeds . A vestry meeting , through the activity of Mr . Richard Bayldon and other friends to the cause there , has voted , we believe , £ 800 , received from the directors of the Manchester and Leeds railway ( as a compensation for ground appropriated by them ) , to be vested in trustees , laid out in land , Ac , to be let m allotments . . We understand the taut deed is already atout being executed There is also , we believe , a great disposition on the part of gentlemen in Leeds to promote the taking oi land b y the Board of Guardians , on which to employ the casual poor like human beings , instead of employing them to " shiver on the roadsides , breaking Stones , fitting the vtter hopeless < % r « fa « " on 0 / tfttfr condition . ''
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LADY THIEVES' PROTECTION SOCIETY . A society of light-fingered ladies is said to be about to be formed , for the purpose of raising a fund to pay the recognisances niaiiy ladies are bound over in , and thus enalle them to avoid the unfashionable ordeal of a criminal court , and the pain of being placed in a dock generally occupied by thieves of the vulgar class . The following is an abstract of the prospectus just issued : — LADIES' PROTECTION SOCIETY , formed for the purpose of enabling ladies to pay the bond-money , and thus defeat that vulgar and revengeful feeling that would place a lady in the same predicament as a common woman , SOSE B « T UDIES will be admitted . The subscription will be only two guineas per annum—each lady being allowed the privilege of drawing a sum , incase of necessity , sufficient to meet two charges
IN ONE TEAR . Ladies who are bound over in more than the usual sum will be expected to contribute five guineas towards tho general fund .
STANDING COUNSEL WILL BE ENGAGED to conduct the proceedings in the police court . Agents will be employed to engage persons to che&r ladies on their entrance and return from the pelico courts , as well as to hiss Axn hoot their accusers . Ladies in every district of tne metropolis , and even the provinces , are invited to join this
ADMIRABLE INSTITUTION . Ladies who do not wish to LOSE CASTE must see the policy of not delaying to enrol them selves . Though some ladies have escaped , JURIES CANNOT ALWATS be depended upon for
gauastry ak » good niiEEpixa . There is evidently a growing feeling in the vulgar to make no distinction as to station in life . To defeat this barbarous desire is to forfeit the recognisancemoney , which to real ladies is of no consequence . A number of ladies of distinction , whose names need not to be particularised , have consented to act on the committee . —Satirist . White Sj ^ vejiy . —We would recommend to the saints of Exeter-hall another and a beUur subject for their- sympathy than that which they exclusively display towards blacks . A well-written letter appeared a few days since in the Times , addressed to the editor
by a female'from which we learn that at a milliner ' s shop where she is employed , an order Las been issued that the young ladies should work from seven in the morning till twelve at night during the season : those ¦ who are not willing to comply with , this order are to leave the establishment . The farce of calling these white slaves " young ladies" would be laughable , if we did not remember the inhumanity of their employers . We are sorry we cannot expose the name of the " person who has acted in this scandalous manner , as , probably , oven some of her aristocratic customers would be humane enough to withdraw their patronage . — -Rid .
A Great Fact . —In tl \ e merry month of May we shall have a legion of canting Mawwonns in town , holding forth for the benefit ot the " niggers . " We hope and trust that some independent and fearless fellow will bear in mind the fact which the papers record . It is a " great fact" that the "blacks , " at the great fire at Barbadops , of which we have just received intelligence , looked at the scene of destruction in perfect apathy , and rendered np assistance , " acting exactly as they did when a similar calamity bofel Kingston . " Yet for these black gentlemen John Bull has saddled himself with a burden of £ 800 , 000 per annum for ever . —Ibid .
Anaciieon Moons . —To Moore , who was styled by Byron " the poet of all circles and the deliglit of his own , " the following observations on Metastasio by Sismondi , are admirably appropriate : —• " No writer , perhaps , in any language , has been ever so completely the poet of the heart , and the poet of the women . The critics reproach liimjwith not having portrayed the world either as it really is , or as it ought to be ; but the women defend him by replying , that lie has represented it such as they wish it to bo . " Kissixo . —Dow closes a sermon on kissing with the following quaint advice : — " I want you , my young sinners , to kiss and get married ; and then
devote your time to morality and money-making . Then let your homes be well provided with such comforts and necessaries as piety ,- pickles , pots and kettles , brushes , brooms , benevolence , bread , charity , cheese , faith , flour , affection , cider , sincerity , vinegar , virtue , wine , and wisdom . Have these always on hand , and happiness will be with you . Do not drink anything intoxicating—eat moderately—go about business after breakfastr-loungc a little after dinner—cUat after tea , and kiss after quarrelling ; then all the joy , the peace , and the bliss the earth can afford shall be yours , until the grave closes over you , and your spirits are borne to a brighter and a " happier world . "
What is a Poet Laureate 1—A man that used to receive a pension for writing verses , but now has ono for leaving off . A Hr . no ' . —The Madrid journals announce the . arrest of a brigand , named Jose Sastrc , who is charged with , having committed one hundred and seventeen murders ! How to Get a Comfortable Warm during the Com Weather . —Enter a coffee-room , inquire for a gentleman you are sure is not there , stand before the lire , read ail tho newspapers , and then leave word , if any person should inquire for you , that you will call again .
A Becomixg Tribute to Truth . —The following naive statement appears in a leading article in the Standard : — " We have grown into a habit of accepting the charges of falsehood as a regular paid tribute to our vigilant and careful veracity . " The Ambassadors' Box . "We hope it is noi loo late to nave a model of the British lion at the foot of the principal staircase of the new houses of Parliament ; so that England , lite ancient Venice , may have its '' "Lion ' a Mouth , " into which accusations can be dropped with impunity . Charges of conspiracy against English members will then be made easy to the meanest ambassador , and refugees denounced in the handsomest manner . As an earnest , how « ever , that tho letters would infallibly be opened , perhaps it would be better that the head of Sir James Graham should be substituted for that of the British Lion . —Punch .
Tiie laziest Fellow in Newfoundland is John Jingles , who employs a nigger to sneeze for him , and pays the coloured gentleman a dollar a day for his exertions . Tjie Favourite Passage with Parliament and Potentates . —There is one passage in the Scriptures to which all the potentates of Europe seem to have g iven their unanimous assent and approbation , and to Save studied so thoroughly as to have it quite at their finger ) ' endt : — " There ivent out a decree in the days of Augustus Cwsar , that all the world ihoidd be taxed " —This Act has never been repealed .
" The Laird 0 ' Cockpen nE ' s Proud and he ' s Great . " —So says the song of the ancient" Laird 0 ' Cockpen ; " and when we inform our readers that the modern laird of that "ilk" is no less a personage than the redoubtable Dalhousic , the President of tne Board of Trade—he who b y his " reports" knocks railway shares up here and down there—we have no doubt that at least our railway readers will jump to the conclusion , that the modern laird is as pr oud and as great as his immortal ancestor to whom Miss Jean said "Na ! " and who consoled himself with the reflection that said , " Mias Jean was daft to refuse the laird 0 ' Cockpen . "
A Sailor's Belief is Nelson . —A veteran hero of Trafalgar h ; vving lately submitted to the penalty of a broken limb from having too freely indulged , in grog , the clergyman of his parish paid him a visit , to impart spiritual consolation , and to endeavour to induce Jack to give up that habit which had led to his distressed condition . The worthy minister was impressing the scriptural warning that ' * no drunkard shall inherit the kingdom of heaven , " when the indignant sailor interposed , " Aye , sir , but Lord Nelson said as how a man who had done his duty would get to heaven . " Vainly did the clergyman strive to assure the sailor that what he had quoted was from a far higher authority than Lord Nelson . The disciple of the " Admiral Duke '" declared that he " didn't wish for any authority higher than Lord Nelson ' . "
The Potted Beep Case . —The " prosecutor of Miss Osborne has evidently made a good thing of it . Let him now be generous and extend the benefit of his " patent" to the whole of the aristocracy . Here ia a notice for his shop window : — " Potted beef allowed to be stolen here , to be paid for in the witnesses room at the Old Bailey . N . B . A boy , warranted to watch and run , wanted . " The example of this beef-metcr-out-of-justice is being followed by his brother tradesmen , who are industriously baiting
their counters with spiced dainties to tempt the aris « tocratlc fingers of eccentric lady pilferers . Potted beef has risen inconsequence , and continues so to do , but not so high as to be out of the reach of future Osbornes , We are bound to give the poor missing boy credit for a rumour which is prevalent amongst the lower classes : it ( is , that in his master ' s absence he stole the identical pot of beef which had before been taken by Miss Osbornc , and , being caught in the fact , is now undergoing two months' hard labour , tread-mill , and a whipping to part mtb .. —Great dim
Dreadful Destitution . —We understand that the stipend of the canonry of St . Paul ' s Cathedral , to which , tlie Eev . Mv . Tyler lias been appointed since the death of the Rev . Sydney Smith , has been reduced to one thousand a year ! Gracious powers I can this be possible ? A thousand a year ! Miserable pittance Our heart bleeds for the reverend gentleman ' s privations . —Ibid . Eagle . —A large and beautiful eagle , of the golden tribe , was seen the other day hovering about the lakes in Cumberland .
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Firk in Manchester-square , —On Wednesday morning , about half-past nine , afire broke out at the mansion of Lady Lucy North , No . 24 , in Manchestersquare . Is originated in her ladyship's bed-room , a front apartment on the second floor . The domestics adopted excellent measures to prevent the extension of the flames , and they were confined to that part of the house where the fire originated . The damage done was , however , considerable , but her ladyship is insured in the Globe Office .
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Tolls on the Railwats at NEwcAsriE-upox-Tyse . —Some degree of interest has arisen as to the liability or non-liability of the North Shields Railway Company to the payment of tolls to the lessee of tho corporation of Newcastle-upon-Tyne . We shall not , on the present occasion , go minutely into the matter ( perhaps we may revert to it more fully hereafter ) , but merely observe that , according to the Act of Parliament herein , certain descriptions of merchandise , on being brought into the town of Newcastleupon-Tyne , are liable to the payment of certain tolls to the corporation . That body , as is well known , have been in the habit of letting the tolls , for a limited period , to the highest bidder . During the
poriod that Mr . John Hopper was the lessee , from 1 S 39 to 1841 , the North Shields Railway was constructed , crossing the ancient circumvallation of the town on which the tolls are demandable , and , of course , conveying a considerable portion of 2 > ayable merchandise into the town of Newcastle , which otherwise would have been brought on the common roads as heretofore ; thus has the lessee sustained considerable damage , and in consequence of this diversion of the traffic Mr . Hopper lias been a considerable loser , and consequently unable to pay the amount at which the tolls were leased to him . Had he received what was covenanted and guaranteed to him by the lease , namely , a toll on alf roads coming into Newcastle , there would not have been this
deficiency , but , on the centrary , he would have been many hundred pounds into pocket . It would seem that the matter stands simply thus - . —The corporation have leased the tolls , agreeably to the Act of Parliament , to Mr . Hopper , tor a definite time , and for a specific sum , guaranteeing to Mm all the rights , profits , and immunities thereunto belonging and secured by the said Act . On the other hana , the Railway Company may perhaps contend that the railway is their private property , and that they " have a right to do as they will on their own . " However , between the two , it is quite certain that the lessee has been materially injured ; and there is no doubt hut that lie may avail himself of a legal renicdv . We believe the directors of the Carlisle
Railway have , under the advice of their judicious solicitor , wisely avoided even the chance of expensive litigation on this head , hy having made a timely arrangement and compromise with the finance committee of the corporation of Newcastle ; whether the proprietors of the North Shields Railway will follow their example , or otherwise , remains to be seen . We shall not go further into ihe subject at present , beyond giving the following letter , which was presented by Mr . Hopper to the Finance Committee on the tth inst .: —To the Finance Committee of the Corporation o / tftc Urough oj Neweasde-upoiuTpae—Gon Qemen , — I beg leave most respectfully to acknowledge your claim upon me , for _ the sum of one hundred pounds , as lessee of a portion of the tolls payable to your body ; and I trust you will give credit to me when I
state , not only my willingness , but my strong desire to do that which is right in the matter , so soon as I can obtain the means of doing so . Many members of the corporation have known me along period of time . It is with peculiar satisfaction that I am enabled ( now that I an drawing to the close of life ) , to refer you to the whole of my conduct throughout my career , as to my honesty and integrity . The reason why , at this time , I am unable to discharge the claim youhave upon me , is my not having received £ 700 which I am entitled to receive from the North Shields Railway Company , for their traffic across that portion of the fine of circumvallation of the borough which you leased to me . I have made many applications , in various ways , to that body for compensation ; I have never received a directrefusaltopay from them : atthe same time I have not received anv satisfaction of their
intention to pay me . Under these circumstances I have caused a true and impartial statement of the case to be laid before counsel , together with true copies of various documents , showing the authority of the corporation of Newcastle to lease the said tolls , and the position I stand in with respect to that body . The result is , the Learned Counsel ' s opinion is favourable to my claim . The next point I beg to invite your attention to , and solicit most humbly your advice upon , is what steps you would recommend the adoption of , to induce the proprietors of the
JSorth Shields Railway to entertain my claim , with a view to ( its adjustment , if need be , or ) a serflement of the same , without going to the extremity of instituting legal measures to enforce its recognition and settlement , and thus enable me to obtain tlie means of honourably paying the claims of the corporation upon niysclf , which I am most anxious to do . Trusting the subject is worthy the consideration of the Finance Committee , I beg leave , in conclusion , t » subscribe myself , gentlemen , your much obliged and very humble servant , John Hopper , Jackson ' s . Chare , Gateshead , 7 th March , 1845 .
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ALt 11 Mabgk 22 , 1845 . ' THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 22, 1845, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1307/page/3/
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