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A BOWL OF "PWCH" FRESH BREWED
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g grtodture aiiir ftartftultutt*
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tie following teautiful song , or rather tie second , third , and fourth stanzas 01 " It , appeared in a late number of the JVofion . The author happens to be a friend of ours ; and aware that the song appeared imperfectly in the Xiaion , we now give ** entire . Hie song commences with the stamaureviousl y omitted .
YOVSG KATE OF OLESSEES . By the ~ baaks of the Barrow residing * Are giris with the dark raven hair , Ana -where the Blackvrater is gliding , The maidens are faithful and fair : Bnt of all Erin's pure-hearted daughters , ni tell jbu the one who is queen , She dwdls by Agivefs bright waters , The lovely Tonng Kate of Glenkeen . She is pure as the dew-drops that cluster Hound the heath-bell that blooms on Slievemore And her eye hath the diamond ' s lustre That studs the grey breast of Besgore : Then her voice , die soft south is not sweeter , When breathing o ' er spring ' s robs of green , And Errigal's fawn is not fleeter Than lovely Young Kate of Glenfceen .
The snow I have seen freshly fallen On Slemish ' s top as I stood ; The wild rose I ' ve seen on Slieve G alien ; Just cleaving its emerald hood ; And that snow from the cloud newly driven , And that rose of the mountain SO Sheen , Are the colours that nature hath given The cheek of Young Kate of Glenkeen . -Txs sweet when the sun is saluting The heights of the misty KnocMade—* Tis sweet when his first ray is shooting
Through lonely Glenculletfs green shade ; But 0 ! there ' s an hour that is sweeter , "When the star of the evening is seen , And its bright twinkle tells me 111 meet her , The lovely Young Kate of Gknketn . Cdblew
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NOTICE . 2 ® - We regret to have to announce that unavoidable circumstances compel ns to again postpone the " Fcon of the F < xts " to the second or third Saturday in April .
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PUNCH'S LETTERS TO HIS SON . Br Douglas Jerkold . London : Orrand Co ., Paternoster-row These admirable satires t »» ttie crimes and farads , the falsehoods and hypocrisies of " civilised" life , are a reprint from tiie pages of our old friend Punch The author ' s style and talents are by this time so veil known to our readers , that it would" be superfluous to do more than give his name . We may , however , add , that these letters , appearing as they did at a time when Punch ¦ was not so well known as now , will in all protability be new to a
kree number of Mr . Jerroub ' s admirers . To all such we strongly recommend the book . Though any extract for which we can afford room can scarcely give the reader a better idea of the good things in this book than -would a single plum the richness of a Chr istmas pudding , we must nevertheless give the one plum , referring our readers to the book itself if they would revel in the sweets of the entire feast . Punch advises his son as to his choice of a profession . He reviews the church , the law , the healing art , the army , and ihe professions of labour ; all these he rejects : all these he advises bis son against , and in conclusion urges upon him to take up
THE PHORESSIOS OF " XOTHKG . " Again , then , I say it , my son , be Nothing ! Look at ihe flourishing tramples of Xothing about joul Consider the men in this vast metropolis , whose ihces shine with the very marrow of ihe land , and all for doing and being Kothing I Then , what ease—what unconcern—what perfect dignity In the profession J "Wiy , dull-brained , hornhanded labour , sweats and grows thin , and dies consumptive , whilst'ITothmg gets a iedder tinge upon its cheek , a thicker wattle to its chin , and a larger compass of abdomen . There are hundreds of the goodly profession c-f Nothing , who have walked upon three-piled velvet from their nurses' arms to the grave : men , who in the most triumphant manner vindicate the ingenuity of the human mind for enjoying and possessing- every creature-comfort Df existence ; not even a conjuror , nay , sometimes not even a police-magistrate , can discover how they get it .
* You will , in your progress through life , he called upon to wonder at the discoveries of Galileo , who swore that the world moved round the sun—and then , or I mistake , that the sun moved round the world ; you will hear a gnat deal of Homer and Shakspeare , who shaped out "worlds upon paper , and begot men and women with drops of ink : folks will talk to you upon the discovery of the circulation of the blood , and other gossip of the like sort , demanding j-oor admiration , your homage , for what they will call the triumph of human genius , riddle-de-dee ! ¦ What should you care how the world moves , or whether it move at all , so you move well in it ? As for Homer and Shakspeare , the first was a beggar , and for the secondfor the great magician , who , as people will cant to you , has left immortal company for the spirit of man in its
irearr journey through this briery world—has bequeathed scenes of immortal loveliness for the human fency to Might in—founts of eternal truth for the lips of man to drink , and drink , and for aye be Tenovated with every draught—he , this benefactor to the ivorld , could not secure a comfortable roof from the affections anugrathude of men , for the female descendant of his flesh , who withered from the -world , almost an outcast and apauper J Now , the man who can live a long and jovial life upon Sothing , has often ( by some strange wizard-eraft ) the wherewithal to bequeath to his heirs . As for literature ana science—tales of fairy-land , and the circulation of the Wood—he it your care to make Nothing your Ariel ; and for your blood , heed not how it passes through your heart , so that as it flow , it be enriched with the brightest and strengthened with the best . Be a successful Nothing , my son , and be blessed !
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THE ORPHAN ; or , MEMOIRS of MATILDA . BtEtcejeSce . PaktsII ., IH ., IV ., V . London : T . C . Newby , 72 , Mortimer-street , Cavendishsquare . This is another of the many popular works so tastefully " got up" by the enterprising publisher whose name stands at the head of this notice . The first part we noticed some time ago . In the parts before US is commenced and continued the extraordinary narrative of the heroine , whose confessions form the subject matter of the work . We must decline giving an opinion on this famous novel until the whole is before us , beyond observing , thai so far as the . narrative has yet progressed it is sufficiently exciting and interesting . We had marked a lengthy extract for insertion which "we are compelled to omit through want of space . The Orphan is published in monthly shilling parts , truthfully and beautifully illustrated by RouEitT Grcikshaxk .
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THERESE DKvOYER ; OR , THE MANORHOUSE OF TREFF-HARTLOG . By Eugexe SrE . London : Cleave , Shoe-Jane . Our acquaintance with the works of Eugexe See is , as yet , too limited to warrant us expressing , nay , even forming an opinion on his merits as an author , and the tendency of his writings . Certainly \ re have risen bora the perusal of his fherese with feelings of disappointment . The style of the author is fascinating in the extreme , and ' there are scattered through the volume passages of poetical beauty truly captivating " , yet , in spite of all , we are shocked and pained at the conclusion tlie author brings us to . What good end he could have liad in view in tlic production of sack a work , we are at a loss to imagine . To US it appears to be a work just fitted to make the superstitious , and the sickly-5 entunent-. 1 L still more hope
less feols than tncy may already be . 01 course we speak of the work as a whole : there are passages suggestive of moral lessons equal to anything we have ever read . Let us particularly notice chapter xxi ., entitled "The Atiie . " In thischapteris described , in iouehing , nay , even sublime simplicity , the sufferings of the industrious poor—and that accompanying '' soul of goodaess , " which , animatiiigthousandsoftheheroic diildren of Labour , prompts them to feel for the SHffcriiHS of others , inducing them to succour the wretched , at the expense , to " themselves , of a depri vation of the commonest necessaries . We would fain nave giver , this chapter , but it is far too lengthy for the space we have at command . Beautiful and good are many portions of this work , but what avails this , when the denouement , on which necessarily hangs the moral of the whole , is both frightful arid lmsuggestive { so fur « s we can see ) of anv good conclusion .
Bat the denouement is of no negative character ; on tlie contrary , we are made to see positively , and jdalnly enough , the triumph of villany , and the irretrievable ruin of Tntne . We may be told that -Eugene Sle paints his characters and depicts "his Scenes to tl , e life ,- and that the " poetic justice " awarded by authors to their ideal characters , good and bad , is at best but pleasing fiction . It may be so . It may be , —we believe it really is so , —that the world of life £ a very different world to that which p ° n « ana novelists dream of . We are conscious that m J" , 1 Terid of stern realities it is too often the Kate ' s and the Nicholas ' s , the virtuous and good , and not the nalplt $ itkl < Ms , the base and villanons , who ^^ ta a miserable end ; it is not always so , but is so too often : yet no one would ' wish that Dickens jtad irriften his excellent -work other than he has * ° e- We fancy it is something more than mere national prejudice which , makes us cling in the English rather than tie French fictionist .
It is qnlv justice to the publisher to say , that this edition is well got np . The Ulustrations are numer ous aail sooi , an < l the print excellent . Its cheapness Kastonishing ; the work , complete , may be had , we believe , for eighteen-penee .
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THE EDINBURGH TALES—Part II . — Conducted bt Mrs . Johxstoxe . Tait , Edinburgh . These delightful tales become more and more interesting . Of the three contained in this part we confess to having , as yet [ from want of time ) , read only the first—Governor Fox , with whose eccentrici ties we have been greatly amused . We know nothing we have read for a Ion ? time past , even the professedly comic , so well calculated to " set the table in a roar , " as Mr . Richard Taylor's narrative of the strange doings of the intolerant , yet withal liberal , Governor . He _ is the very personification of old English prejudices , feelings , and , we will add , virtues ; and we can promise the " new generation " rare entertainment from an acquaintance with his vagaries . We sive an extract : —
"We were now at the most ticklish time of the Watnear its tremendous close . The funds were tumbling down every day ; and in one of the few anxious days that preceded the battle of Waterloo , I saw the Governor arrive very early from Rochester , on foot ! in a plight that I shall not easily forget . He came directly to my lodging . He had been on tlie road from midnight . On foot ! Ay , and why not ?—is it for beggars to ride a-horsebaeb , sir ? Don't you see how those d—d stocks are
tumbling down . Let Master Pitt look up now , 1 hid him , to his Act of 1797—Ms paper rags . Not but that 1 could weatherit for myself , if the trifle widow Walpolo intrusted to ray management , were once secured in hard gold Thank God , I can handle a pickaxe , a spade , or a skull on the Thames yet ; but a widow , and a gentlewoman , cheated , or bubbled in trusting to Stephen Fox !—all she had scraped up for seven years , to give Ned his schooling , without being beholden to these NorthamptonshireBons , her husband ' s relations , who have neither conscience nor bowels . It is enough to drive a man mad .
You have not invested Mrs . "Walpole ' s slender funds , I trust ? No ! roared the Governor , save in those Wasted English / anas .- down one-fourth , Friday , down one-sixteenth , Saturday , down one-eighth , yesterday . The vitals are eaten out of old England by subsidies , loan-contractors , and Jew-jobbers . I have walked up to London , sir , with this hazel-stick la my hand , and a couple of clean shirts , and my prayer-book , in this bundle , to begin the world again . Can your landlady let me have any dog-hole of a garret at 2 s . 6 d . a-week , or so . I can't promise more at first , I have written to Bamboo to take the lease of my hos , which he always longed for , and Sam off my hands . An idle man has better chance of a job about London , where there are so many coal-lighters , and so forth , than down yonder . Governor Fox , you amaze me ! Amazed to see an old man , a fool , and a beggar ! ha ! ha ! ha . '—from having been a credulous idiot !
There was something terrific in his laugh ; hut Governor Fox was too firm-spirited long to give way to this wild mood . Have I any claim to Chelsea , or Greenwich , think ye ? —My pipe is what I shall miss the inosU-no luxuries now . I hope the Lord will call me home , however , before old age and frailty drive Stephen Fox on his parish , with all his cousins grinning at the Governor . In the mean time , can your landlad y let me have a garret ? I must have my billet settled for the night , before I look about me . I can make my own bed , buy and cook my own victuals , wash my own shirt , and keep my place clean myself . You can answer to her , I suppose , that I am a man of sober , regular habits , who attend Church , and pay my way as I go . —I can surely make my bread , were it but selling mackrel—what the deuce should I let down my heart for ! # * * But having secured my
billet for the night , I must be off to my broker . I have written to him by every post : —always down , clown , down . Last night he rather advises selling . If I have one five guineas , ay , or five shillings , of reversion , after paying my just and lawful debts , by Jove , 111 hoard ! I'll lock ' em in my old sea-chest , which I bought when a boy at Halifax , for a a dollar and a half . It can now hold all my worldly goods—I mu 6 t send it up cheap by the wngo « i —But I must be off : the broker , that puppy Pantague , urges selling out to-day . Nest mail will bring us down , perhaps , a whole per cent . —perhaps ten , or blow us out of the water altogether , —who can tell ? who can tell ? If I had taken Cobbett ' s advice and warnings now , and laid Yip a few guineas 1—Where is there a Cockney scribbler among them , with their Tiat . es and their Chronicles , ever showed how fast this country is going to the devil , so satisfactorily and clearly as the old sergeant ? # # # *
I accompanied the Governor to his destination , though he assured me there was no danger of leaving him alone . Your turtle-feeding Aldermen may go after their lost plums , to feed the great fishes . I will neither drown like a blind puppy , nor hang myself like a nigger in the sulks . 1 can work , sir . There was already an unusual buzz in the streets . I held the Governor fast by the arm , to detain him a few more minutes from his broker . ? ? * I held him the faster ; men , boys , women , were now all hurrying to and fro , or collecting in groups , with eager speech and animated looks , on every side ; carriages and horsemen harried along , some east , some west . News certainly had arrived ; express came hot after express ; but no bulletin had yet been sent from Downing-street to the City . A dreadful defeat , it was whispered about , had been sustained by the Allies , —the ruin" was total , —of Europe , and of Governor Fox . The morning papers were all doubt and mystery .
Let me off , man , —if I don't sell out to-day , I may hang myself at night , for I never can face KocUester . They'll be at twenty-five to-morrow . We shall have French As-Signats for old English guineas , by Jupiter ! We had something like a struggle when he offered to break off . Remember , I protest : # * * Hark 3 It was the roll of a distant gun : —another , and another . " The Governor was a little deaf even then , on one side of the head ; but when the rejoicing boom rolled majestically up the river from tlie Tower guns , there was no longer doubt . The exulting shouts of the gathering
multitude—the outburst of all the bells in London , told the same tale : —a splendid , a decisive victors S The ne-wsmen blew their horns . " Three per cent , better already ! Hey , Governor ! " was my rising cry to the now stunned capitalist , —stunned but for five seconds . We went along and heard the first confused tidings of the Field of Waterloo . Eighteen or eight-and-twenty thousand human beings had there bitten the dust , —what an image is that homely one of mortal agony J—and London was in a frenzy of joy , and the funds up , I cannot tell how much , in one hour . What histories were that day in man ' s faces ! Tb&JUliributgk Tales have our hearty recommendation .
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VACHER'S PARLIAMENTARY COMPANION . London : Yacher and Sons , 29 , Parliament-street . This appears to be a very useful little work , containing correct lists of the House of Peers and House of Commons , the places the latter represent , the town residences of both , with other useful information . To ensure accuracy , the Companion is published monthly .
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GOODI A PROPOSITION ON THE NATIONAL DEBT—Bt Lcke James Hansard . Mr . Hansard ' s " good intentions" almost disarms criticism , still we should be glad if , for his own sake , he would surround his propositions with less of mysticism , as he would then have a far better chance of being understood than he now has . Here—so far as we can understand it—is his present scheme , viz . : — to create in Government notes the sura of £ S 72 : 920 , 37319 s . 6 d ., in payment of the National Debt , and for the relief of the national burthens : these notes to pass as currency , and to be accepted by the poopje as the representative of the value of a national Government . This proposition has
appeared , in substance , a thousand tunes before ; and however " good" Mr . Hansard may consider it , those who know anything of the question of currency , know what the effect that such an amount of " money" (?) would have on all contracts , prices , and debts . The remedy would be ivorse than the disease . The National Debt must be "liquidated" in another and far different manner . Mr . Hansard ' s proposition is simply the spoxge , wrapped up in a neap of " Government notes . " Jfow , if we are to use tiie sponge , let tis at all events do it openly . We have had bitter gibes and jeers for the "drab-coloured repudiators of Pennsylvania ; " but their practice was honesty itself compared with that of Mr . Hansard .
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TWEDDLE'S YORKSHIRE MISCELLANY AND ENGLISHMAN'S MAGAZINE . No . IH . . London : Brittain , Paternoster-row . The first number of this magazine was noticed by us on its appearance ; the second number never reached us ; and the present number , which we should have received in January , only came to hand last week . There is some good readable matter in this number , including several poetical pieces of a fair average merit . From this qualified praise we must ,, however , except a simple but pretty poem by that truly ^ clever man John Cbitcdlet Phixce ; a production bis well worthy of well-earned ' popularity . The poem-is'too longfor extract , otherwise we should have been tempted to transfer it to our columns .
Emigbatio > -. —One thousand and eighteen emigrants , shipped by Mesas , llamden and Co ., sailed from Liverpool for the United States , in the Governor Davies , Cambridge , and Yorkshire , on the 13 th , 16 th , and 16 th inst ,
A Bowl Of "Pwch" Fresh Brewed
A BOWL OF "PWCH" FRESH BREWED
PARTIES JOB TUB CJliOWS . Newsvendjer . — " i \ W , my man what is it ?" Boy . — " 1 vontt a nillvstraUd ncivspuper with it norrid murder and a likeness in it . " When the miserable man Tawoll heard the deathshriek of his victim— -when he hurried from the cottage , leaving a corpse upon the floor—the iniquitous effect of his crime was , by no means , wholly developed . He fled a murderer ; blood was upon his " head ; and conscience , like a fiend , crying to him . But the evil—the enormous evil done to society—was not whoEy accomplished . The traders in blood and horror—the butchers of' the press , for truly they are sobad to stimulate and feed the curiosity ' of society with pictorial illustrations of murder—and the . world was to be familiarised with atrocity . And then came the disgustingj degrading exhibition on the days ol' trial . A well-dressed mob , jostling and elbowing to look upon a murderer—to listen to the most sickenine
details of hypocrisy and crime—as a matter of agreeable and healthful excitement . The tears that trickled down "the innocent nose" of Mr . Fit 2 roy Kelly when , wrestling with his swelling heart , he touched upon the domestic history of the prisoner , were to the audience much more delicious , more exciting too , than the emotion of any other actor—say the highest —at a play-house . Well , the murderer is convictedis sentenced to be killed by the law . The law hangs the assassin as a punishment and an example : as an expiation of a wrong suffered by the dead—as a ¦ warnning to the living . Now , what a mournful , miserable blunder is this public killing of a man for the alleged purpose of teaching the sacredness of human life ! We subjoin an instance oi ' the great moral good—by way of example—to be obtained from the punishment of death . Th e following is extracted from the Morning Post ;—
The exasperation of the inhabitants of Gravesend , where the parents of the murdered Sarah Hart reside , is so great against Tawell , that parties hare been already formed to go to Aylesbuvy to be present at nis execution . How greatly must " the parties" be edified ! Will they visit Aylesbury , awe-stricken , to be admonished by a terrible ceremony ? Why , no . The parties will be pleasure-parties . And for their exasperationtheir virtuous resentment—we have little doubt they will compound between that and a little agreeable excitement . The pleasure-vans of Hampton-court will , it is our belief , not contain more jovial merrymakers than the gallows-vans of Gnavesend . In what a serious , teachable frame of mind will these pilgrims congregate before the gaol of Aylesbury 1 By the way , it appears that the worthy denizens of the town were about to be defrauded of one of their most valued immunities . We give the sujbj oined from the Times ;—
Iu the town of Aylesbury , for ages past , Friday has been the execution-day ; and great surprise , if not dissatisfaction , has been expressed by some of the inhabitants , be . cause Tuesday had been named . The last man who was hanged at this town suffered for murder about eight years ago , prior to which no such penalty was paid for many years ; yet the townspeople say , " We always hang on Fridays , up there , facing the Town-hall , with a scaffold we keep on purpose . " Thus , when a hanging can be had , the Aylesbuvy people will have it on a Friday ; even as , doubtless , they stickle for pancakes on Shrove-Tuesday . Poor Sarah Hart ! Miserable victim ! Nevertheless , we question if her death by the hand of a murderer may be considered as so great a social injury as that inflicted by the execution of the assassin . On one hand we have a fellow-creature murdered—on the other a multitude brutalised . Tawell growing grey at Macquame Harbour , Mould do far less evil than Tawell hanging at Aylesbury .
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , For tie Week comwncing Monday , April 1 st , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diary of Actual Operations on five Bmall farms on the estates of Mm . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models arc—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John
DHmbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a . few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaith-Traiie . Fourth . Several private model farms near the sameplace . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader t » compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Duby is aided by "Notesand Observations " from the pea of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin . " Can you keep a pig ? You will find a pig tliebest save-all that you can hare about a garden ; and he will pay you well for his keep . "—The Rev . R . W . KyUs' Lecture . Note . —The school farms are cultivated by boyswho
, in return for three hmm' teaching in the morning give three hours of their laiour in the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , which renders the schools seif-SOTPORtiNO . We believe Him at Family Tyas sixseventfo of the produce of ihe school farm will be assigned to the boys , and one-seventh to the masttt ^ xvfia wiU receive the usual school fees , help the boys ttfctiltivaU their land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , dbc ., to convert their produce into iacon , by attending to pig-faiping , whith at ChAatmas may be divided , after paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectly to reach their parents in a way tli £ most grateful to thtir feelings . ]
SUSSEX . Mosbay—Willingdon School . —Boys harrowing , and drilling ground for white carrots . Eastdean School . Boys digging , sowing oats and tares mixed , carrying manure , planting potatoes . Piper . Assorting potatoes . Dumbrell . Digging , heifer earning
manure . Tuesday—Willingdon School . Boys sowing white carrots . Eastdean School . Boys digging , clearing weeds and stones , and rolling for biirley . Piper Weeding wheat . Dumbrell . Digging , heifer carrying dung . Wedxesdxi—Willhigdon School . Boys harrowing , and rolling grouna for Peruvian barley . Eastdmn School . Boys carrying tank liquid to the mangel wurzel and carrot ground , weeding tares and wheat . Piper . Weeding wheat . Dumlrell . Digging , heifer carrying manure . Tuubsbay—Willingdon School . Boys sowing Peruvian
barley . Eastdean School , BoyB digging for barley , planting potatoes , weeding tares and wheat . Piper . Hoeing wheat . Ihimbrell . Going a journey . Frwaj—Willingdon School . Holyday . Eastdean School . Holyday . Piper . At church on Good Friday , and says "he ? ias never seen a bad one yet . " Dumlrell . Good Friday . Saturday—Willingdon School . Boys rolling wheat . Eastdean School . Boys thrashing and clearing oats , chopping the straw , clearing out pails , piggery , and school room . Piper . Digging ground after turnips . Bumbrell . Harrowing peas , fallow , and wheat , clearing away rubbish .
YORKSHIRE . Slaitluvaite School . Eleven to thirteen boys occasionally at work , preparing ground for oats . James Bamford , sowing and harrowing oats , spreading manure , removing clay , sowing peas . and beans , mixed together , for soiling cattle . C . Varley , digging for oats , mixing coat and privy manure together . John Samford , forking up , beating the soil fine , picking the couch grass roots .
COW-FEEDING . Willingdon School . Cows fed on white turnips and clover hay . Dumhrdl ' s . Cows stall-feil with turnips , mangel wurzel , and straw . One eow and heifer fed with turnips , carrots , and straw .
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Graham ' s Parliamentary Mistake . —Sir James Graham has brought one good bill into the Housenamely , the bill to abolish the payment of fees to clerks of the peace ami magistrates' clerks . This bill is the one white spot in Graham ' s official life ! ami , like one white hair in a black cat , spoils what would otherwise be all of one colour , —Ptmcft . FoUiVDAiiox of the Lokg Debates . —On ascertaining the foundation of Parliament , some " skeletons with very longjaivs" were found . How strange that the members of that and the present period should have been distinguished by the very same feature !—Ibid . Isir « , uBLE Test . —As there is a quantity of bad money about , we cannot caution our readerstoo much againBt the risk of tendering any suspicious coin . The best way to try its value is to offer it to the Lord Mayor , and if is returned to you , you may be sureitis bad . —Ibid .
TnE Innocence op Makixc Money . — A night or two since , Peel quoted with admiration the axiom of Dr . Johnson , that " very few men are more innocently employed than in the accumulation of property . " Struck by the profound beauty of this truth , we understand that several tradesmen are about to have it written in letters of gold above their doors . Among those about to adopt it wo have heard the names of Moses and Son , Morrison and Co ., and several distinguished keepers of marine stores . —Ibid . Fascy Portraits op Mesbrs . Piumpthe and SPOONEK . —The following little burst of bigotry occurred the other night in Parliament on the part of two worthies , named respectively Spooner and Plumptre . Their names are singularly appropriate ; Spooner
meaning something more tnan spoon , while the Plumptre produces fruit of a very common and stony description . The following were substantially the terms in which these two curiosities of the " collective wisdom" debated the question of Sunday railway travelling i—Mr . Plumptre referred to the practice of excursion trips on Sundays . Hundreds and thousands of persons were frequently earned into towns and suburbs on the Sabbath , to an extent which , in a Christian country , it was fearful to contemplate . Mr . Spooner earnestly concurred , and expressed his pious horror at such a " desecration of the Sabbath . " Mr . Plumptre added that it was quite horrid . He had sometimes , as he vvasriding by in his carriage , seen several people walking about on Sunday , breathing the country air , who must have come down by the railway . lie ( Mr . Plumptre )
really shuddered at the impiety . —Mr . Spooner fully concurred . It was the " pleasure trains" he particularly objected to . Business trains might be necessary , for pecuniary interests mlghi be at stake ; but pleasure-trains , for a parcel of people who only had recourse to them for relaxation , were an abomination , which in a commercial—he begged pardon , he meant to say a Clu / istiaa—country we ought not to tolerate . •—Colonel Sibthorp said , that if they stopped railways they ought to stop omnibuses on Sunday . —An Honourable Member asked the gallant Colonel whether he would also stop all the clocks on the Sabbath ?—Messrs . Plumptre and Spooner having turned up their eyes and held up their hands in an attitude of horror , the subject dropped without any attention being paid to their recommendations . —Ibid .
Aid j ok the Lioht-hjkiered . —A curious mechanical hniul is daily exhibited at the Polytechnic . Its extraordinary powers have , we understand , excited the admiration , among other lady visitors , of Mrs . Tyrwhitt and Miss Osborne . The curiously felicitous movement of the fingers in seining an article elicited a thrill of applause from the coterie . TllE Anti-Raiijioak Mania . —Sibthorp gays that there is no truth m the fad (?) that there is such a thing as a civil engineer . They are all the greatest vagabonds , he declares , that the whole world can produce . : > "
TAMP ? ITEMS . " Take the duty off tori ? Take the duty off grease ? ¦ If you do 'twill be hard ~ Our rents will decrease ' . " Sir Robert , however , with nonchalance whistled , While the hair of the " farmers' friends" awfully histted ! " Leader" nox a Leader . —What are the Westminster constituency about ! The deputation concerning improvements in that city , which went up , the other day , to the Premier , was headed by Captain B . OUS . The old Leader was not in the body at all .
SAYIXOS AKD D 01 S 0 S . A flat discrepancy ive note . Between the Premier ' s speech and vote , The " lloalth of Towns' Bill" he commends , And owns that , to effect its ends , Each house should have free light and air in't ; But , notwithstanding this , he don ' t Take off the window-tax— and won't ; Isn't Joteph Surfaceliers transparent ! Simple—vsm stmmb Diet . —Mr . Curxie , the homoceopathic doctor , whose successful treatment of his patient with af . iapv . ra is recorded in the report of a late coroner ' s inquest on the body , has since had an audience with Sir James Graham at the Homeoffice , when an interesting conversation took place . Sir James Graham asked the learned doctor whether it was really true that he had kept his patient several
days on cold water ; and being assured that it was the fact , and that the system was capable of general application , the right honourable gentleman immediately gave him an important office in the Poor Law Commission . Sir James Graham observed that it had . hitherto been the system of Poor Law Guardians to throw cold water externally upon applicants for relief ; but that to use so economical a fluid internally , as the staple of nutriment , was a happy thought worthy of this inventive age . —Great «« . " A Royal File . —As many persons , more particularly those from the country , have set their wits to work to guess the use of the long spike which protrudes skyward from tlie centre of the bald pate of the Duke of York ' s statue , they are hereby informed that it has been considerately placed there ( not as a lightning conductor , as generally supposed ) for the creditors of his highness to file their bills upon . —
Ibid . AsToxismsQ " Coolness . "—During the recent terrific conflagration near Greenwich , some firemen wore actually observed seated in the midst of the blazing manufactory coolly mending their hose , Vert like Fact . —The testy lodger at Mrs . Tomkins's says that the baby down stairs is a crying nuisance . A Rational Inquiry . —The House of Commons has now for some days resolved itself into a committee of " Ways and Means ; " but everybody is asking what it means by its ways . We should say that many of its members' means ought to place them above some of their strange ways . How 10 gei a Watch . —Firstpoliceman to second : " What ! been in the force three months , and haven ' t got a watch ?"—Second policeman to first : " I laven'tbeen on night duty yet . "
TnE Galvanic Ring . —That lover of science , Lord Brougham , has , like a good judge , given a fair trial to the galvanic ring , and has ( the guinea being paid ) certified to the effect that the rapid twitching of his nasal organ has much abated since he wore one therein . —BUI Sykcs states , that his hand was so much swollen from exposure to the weather that he could not get it into a moderate-sized gentleman ' s pocket , but since he has worn the ring he has been enabled to insinuate it into a lady ' s reticule . He does not , however , attribute tliis to any virtue the ring may possess , or any sympathy between the ring and himself , but thinks the effect may be accounted for—although he cannot account for the possession of the rintr—by attributin g the abatement of tlie
swelling to the fact of the ring not having been paid for ; the prigging of a piece of beef , he assures us , gets rid of warts and hunger , and he does not see why a swelling inay not be got rid of by the application of a stolen ring . —A celebrated staym . iker at the West-end is about to take advantage of the principles evolved in the galvanic ring , and stays are forthwith to be lined with copper and zinc , with , for safety sake , a brass tag to the lace as a conductor . —Sheets of copper and zinc nmst be shortly introduced as bed furniture , or this new scientific cure for all diseases will have been tvoatod but !\ s a half dose for poor suffering credulity . Why not likewise provide for the inner man ? Ostriches have now their galvanised iron , why not man his galvanised sandwich?—Great Gm .
¦ IiVME-OXOOl " , OS , rABLlAMEXTAHY ECONOMY . —We : have been favoured with the following account of the intention of the member for Montrose to move for the subjoined returns : —1 . A return of all the cats , 'both toms and otherwise , includingihcir kittens , and what number to each cat , doing duty or being kept at the various 'Government offices , with a view of ascertaining , tho quantity of cheese-pavings and skim-milk consumed by that class of state employes . 2 . A return of the number of minutes per night of Parliament sitting that each member ( with the exception of himself ) is in his senses , and of how many speeches ( if any ) are made during that same period . 3 . A return
of himself for Montrose , at any and every new election , whether any other candidate be or be not better qualified . [ This is a leetle touch of the hon . member ' s Scotchmodesty . ] i . A return ofalliuembers to their respective homes ( as many , at least , as have any ) during the Easter recess , with a view that the country in general may be permitted a little recreation after reading the late dull and heavy debates . 5 . A return of all the Pennsylvanian bondholders who have been paid their dividends , to ascertain whether those remaining unpaid stand in any proportion to the unpaid Greek bondholders of former days . Uhis return to be made without prejudice . ] - Great mm .
A Qra » n < w .- " F * p « , % Temperance we ^ aw they put logwood in port wine . 6 that what dyes your noso wfredf " Nonsense my son , go to bed The Pledge .-An itinerant blind and teetotal Si * presented to Urn by the midwife , thTother day , exclaimed with dolorous facetiousness , 'What ! the pledge again ! how often must I take it ?"
Untitled Article
Seamen ' s . Wbokgb .-s The Merchant Seahen ' i Fukd —The following memorial to the Board of Council for Trade and Foreign Plantations , adopted bv the Ship-masters , Mates , and Seamen of the Port of Glasgow , in public meeting assembled , has been forwarded to us to * publication * . — , ' That your memorialists have perused tli ereport ot the select committee on the Merchant Seamen 5 Fund and while they acknowledge the desire evinced by the members of that committee to pay every attention to their claims , and those of their brethren ot the united kingdom , yet that committee , as the memorialists humbly conceive , have omitted some important matters , the adoption of which has been very generally insisted on in petitions and memorials ftom thenrincinnlnortsofthe united kingdom : and your MMtB ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ BBBM ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B ^^ B
memorialists arc fully persuaded that the omission of the said claims will have ft direct tendency to diminish the satisfaction felt for the concession or other claims , and leave a door open for complaints in future . Your memorialists beg leave to make the following Suggestions 1 . —Thai whereas a number of the native-born seamen of these realms take service in colonial vessels , thereby forfeiting their claims on the Merchant Seamen's Fund , the memorialists sucf cst that all moneys paid by , or appropriated to , the m'ist of seamen abroad , be consolidated and made common with the general fund in the mother country ; and if no such fund exists in the said dependencies , the seamen so serving shall be entitled to relief from the home fund , provided always that the seaman contribute hisinonthlv payments regularly totueMerannnf :
Seamen ' s Fund ; the neglect of suck payment to involve the forfeiture of whatever ho may have contributed to it at a previous period . And that , whereas a number of native-born seamen of these realms take service under a foreign flag , your memorialists would suggest that the same privileges should be granted to such seamen as to those sailing under a British flags , provided always that such countries are at peace with Great Britain , and that such service is strictly confined to the mercantile marine of said countries . That youv metftOViaMs respectfully submit , that when the Act 4 th and 5 th William IV . was enforced , a great number of old seamen were obliged to contribute for a longer or shorter period to the Merchant Seamen ' s Fund , who , in the course of nature , could not contribute for a sufficient time to enable them to
rate as full members . For this hardship no remedy was applied by the aforesaid Act ; nor does the fifteenth clause of the report of the select committee meet this difficulty ; and your memorialists pravthat your honourable board do reconsider the said clause , and make such amendment thereon that aged seamen or their widows shall receive such pension and gratuity as they may injustice be entitled to . That your memorialists respectfully submit , that in case of seamon serving in her Majesty ' s navy , or ( hi the event of hostilities ) in private ships of Mar , the chances of accident are immeasurably extended , and bear no comparison with the casualties common to service in the mercantile niavme . With a view , tkevciove , © £ keeping the Merchant Seamen's Fund exonerated from the responsibility in tho event of hostilities , the
memorialists pray that , in any clause relating to service , in public or private ships of war , it bo distinctly provided that the widows of those lulled or drowned in the services aforesaid , or such persons ns by casualty are disabled in such services aforesaid , shall in no caso receive relief from a Fund applicable only to seamen serving in a peaceable occupation . That a gratuity be awarded to the wives of such seamen as may be captured hi the merchant seamen's service . That your memorialists respectfull y submit , that a majority of Riggers , Rope , and Sail Makers , &c , who have been at sea long enough to entitle them to be full members , and to receive benefit from the Merchant Seamen ' s Fund , in the event of accident , would gladly continue the payments of their monthly duties while employed on shore , if tho Act would
allow them . Your memorialists are cognisant of tne . fact , that many neglected seamen , who IVoni . infirmity were unable to continue at sea , have forfeited their claims upon the Fund , in consequence of working on shore in one or other of these capacities . The memorialists humbly suggest , that a certificate be granted to every seaman , at the time he pays his money , on the principle that has been already laid before the select committee on the 2 Gth day of June last , by one of our body ; and the memorialists are also of opinion , that that part of the report by the select committee , which proposes to exclude all widows under the age of forty-five from participation in the benelits of the Fund , is unfair as regards tlie parties concerned ; inasmuch , as the widow of forty-five has generally a a family so far advanced towards maturity , that they
are able to give their mother very efficient assistance ; whereas , in tho case of the widow of thirty years , more or less they are very often encumbered with a young family , the careofwhich presses severely on the young mother ; preventing her , through sickness and other causes , from making those efforts for her owu aud her . children ' s maintenance which she might do under more favourable circumstances . The memorialista arc further of opinion , that all widows , and children , , of ship-masters and seamen , wlvo have psud seven full years to the Merchant Seamen ' s Fund , should be , supported by tnat fund , no matter by what death , violent or natural , their husbands or fathers may have died . Taking this view of the above-mentioned clause , the memorialists pray that it may be reconsidered , and reconstructed in such a manner as may
sceuve to the young widow with a tauuly some participation in * the benefits derived by the . fund . Your memorialists observe , that , in the report of the select committee nothing is said regarding the seamen having a voice in the election of their trustees . The complaints against this irresponsible body were general , aud have been alluded to in all the petitions and memorials presented to your honourable board , and to the honourable the House of Commons , on the subject of the Merchant Seamen ' s Fund . Your memorialists acknowledge with gratitude the liberality of the select committee , in recommending to her Majesty ' s Government to free the Merchant Seamen's Fund from the enormous expenses entailed on it by its present mismanagement ; yet your memorialists would most respectfully submit , that much
abuse may be perpetrated under tho new Act , if the ship-owners who contribute nothing are permitted to recommend to her Majesty ' s collectors whom they please as proper objects for pensions or gratuities > while the seamen , who contribute three-fourths , ara refused a voice . Your memorialists therefore humbly pray your honourable board , that the power ot election be vested solely in the ship-masters , and such seamen as may , by their payments , rank aa full members , viz ., such as have contributed' for seven years to the fund . Also , that an account of the . general income and expenditure , and of the particulars of income and expenditure in each port , ^ be fur- , nished annually . —And your memorialists will ever pray . —Archd . M'Lvtosh , Master-Mariner , Chairman ; J . S . Fildes , Secretary .
Untitled Article
BA 5 KRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazette , March 25 th , 1845 . ^ John Chrisp , Great Tower-street , wine-broker—William Hodges , King ' s Head-yard , Dukc-strcet , BloomstmryiSamueJ May , Myddleton-street , ClerkcnwcII , watch-maim , facturer—Thomas Overcnd , Walcot-s < iuare , maltster—Vfil . liam Elworthy Javman , Exeter , confectioner—Charles Martyn , Durham , linen-draper—James Jones , Chester , fellmonger—Matthew Coftte , Liverpool , victualler—John Itikj-, Liverpool , merchant—William Lediard , Wellington , Shropshire , coach-proprietor—Benjamin Robinson , Bur « ton-upon-Trent , draper . DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS . G . Newton . Seaham Harbour , Durham , hosier , first and
final dividend of 3 s 10 d in the pound , any Saturday , at the office of Mr . Baker , Newcastlc-upon-Tvne . T . 'Worslcy , Stocknort , Cheshire , hosier , final divuenu of Is 0 | d in the pound , any Tuesday , at the offic « of Aft \ llobson , Manchester . J . P . Davis , Bromley , Kent , innkeeper , first and final dividend of ljd in the pound , any Wednesday , at tho office of Mr . Follett , Sambrook-court , Basinghall-street . D . Hart , Cambridge , perfumer , first dividend of 8 ( 1 in the pound , any Wednesday , at the- office of Mr . Follett , Samurook-court , Basinghall-street . T . liohinson , Icadenhall-strcet , tallow-merchant , third dividend of |< 1 in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Follett , Sambrook-court , Basinghall-street , DIVIDENDS .
April 18 , 1 . J . 15 . Isaac , Topshain , Devonshire , shipowner —April IG , J . Xorbury , Macclesftdd , Cheshire , innkeeper —April 13 , II . D . Wntkins aud J . Innos , Manchester , leadu merchants-April 15 , A . ^^ l ¦ se , > . Bate , and W . 8 . Bevitall , Newton Abbott , Devonshire , bankers—April lo , R , AUinson , Whiteliaven , ironmonger . Cektificates to he granted , unless cause be « hown to the contrary on the day of meeting . April 17 , J . W . llobeon and J . Borrow , St . Ann ' s-place , Limehouse , patent pump-manufacturers—April 17 , C . Sneezum , Wvnyatt-street , ClerkemveU , licensed victualler —April 18 , W . Chandler , Minories , clieuust—April U , K . AUinson Whiteluiven , Cumberland , ironmonger—April 17 , J . Whitlow , Manchester , laceman . ; PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLYW ) .
J . Newman and J . B . Watt , Watling-street , City , stationers— R . and R . Walker , Blue Pitts , Lancashire , cottonspinners— D . Blyth , A . Hamilton , and W , Hughes , Little Britain , feather-dressers ; as far as regards W . Hughes—N Reyner and W . Clegg , Oldham , Lancashire , cotton , spinners—E . Ginger and H . Tisdall , Bedford , dyers—R . Aspland and S . Collins , Brownlow-street , Holborn , printers—J . Sims and J . Hyett , Framilode , Gloucestershire , barge-owners—P . Otter and T . Oldrnan , Gainsborough , Lincolnshire , attorneys—W . B . Horga-u atidJ . E . Bond , Angel-court , Throgmorton-street , City , stoefc brokers—W ., 0 ., and T . C . Edmett , Maidstone , woollendrapers as far as regards W . Edmett—J . and B , Lunn and It . G . Cunningham , Staleybridge , Cheshire , smiths ; as far as regards H . 6 . Cunningham—J . Briee and J . Burton , Exeter , coach-proprietors—J . Clarke ana » . Boyce , Peer-lane , Great Tower-street , City , wine-coopere—. T . and N . Wright . Morneth , Northumberland ,
Iron-merchants—W . Clarit , W . Anderson , and J . J . Humble , MicKlev Colliery , Korthumberland , coal-owners ; as far ae reearui J . J . Humble-S , EUib and M . Noton , Salford , Lancashire , ironfounders—J . Mellor , jun ., and J . Green , Uvtholm Bridge , Yorkshire , scribbling-miUers—D . Silvanus and A . Shore , High-street , Whltechapel , drapers—T . and P . Wright , Brighton , music-sellers—J . and f , Alexander , CMppenham , Wiltshire , grocers—T . Arden and T . Fannin , Liverpool , salt-proprietors—W . Hood and C . V . Kidout , llolborn-hill , City , rectifiers—W . Evans and 6 . Liberty , KccadUly , linen-drapers—C . Mason and J . Holt ,, Manchester , paper hanging-manufacturera—G , JcnkinGon ^ S . Hughes , and T . Tillotson , Bradford , YorKshire , llTerj staWe-keepers—C . 3 . and H . 7 . East and W . Lindon , Snckville-street , Piccadilly , drapers—J . Craven , G . Craven , ' jun ., and J . Hardman , Wakefield , Yorkshire , dyers—R . L , Lee , W , Haigh , and Co ., Womack , Leeda , stock- , brokers ,
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Untitled Article
The Farmers pixdixg their . To . \ GtEs . — At the Win » erworUi Farmers' Club the other week a Mr . Brotherton , in proposing the toast "Success to ' Agriculture , " thus delivered himself amid the hearty plaudits of his brother farmers ;— "Of the advantages of combining theory with practice in the cultivation of tho land , few persons now-a-days will have the hardihood to dispute . But , great as the advantages to be derived from the application of , science to the art of farming mav be . unless preceded by otlvcv
considerations , they must , to you , as tenant farmers , be comparatively useless . I am aware that < ir itaost of the farmers' clubs which have been estnblisjied-ip different parts of the country , great anxiety has been ' evinced by certain parties to exclude the discussiofi of -what they call " obnoxious subjects , " such as rents , leases , and « ame . ( Cheers . ) I think it perfectly right that these things should be discussed . These are times when farmers must speak out , not only about guano and drilling , but about land agents , land valuers , and game preservers—and indeed it would be no compliment to a landlord to suppose that he would wish you to keep silence upon those topics which affect the privileges and just rig hts of your occupation , and moiv especially upon those grievances which it may be in his power to alleviate or remove : for if it be * desirable to discuss the
expediency of the introduction of a new " drag" upon the land , surely it is eqoaliv desirable to discU 9 S the propriety of taking an old one off it , and one too which is much more obnoxious than jcven the new one is beneficial . ( Cheers , ) If itbe desirable to introduce a new pr&ser on the land , is it not equally so to remove those older presscrs which operate upon the farmers" pockets rather than on Ms land ? The f ^ i * « * * ese o 1 ) stac ' 3 to improvement upon which I shall offer an observation is tne tenwe oflanfl , &" * upon this subject I will quote the opinion of one who is much better entitled to your consideration than any unsupported opinion of mine on such a subject could possibl y be—I mean Mr . Low , tlie Professor of Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh , whe , in a work just published , " On Landed Property and the Economy of Estates , " savS , "Notevea the ac-
Untitled Article
cumulation of capital , to the degree of stocking th « farms of the country , will avail for giving to agriculture tne means of successful cultivation and improvement . The owner of this capital must have the means ot employing it with advantage , by security of possession , by the privileges required for the proper management of his business , and by that fair and lenient exaction upon his industry , which will enable him to employ his capital with a profit . " Now , gentlemen , is not this perfectly true ( hear , hear ) ? And yet there are not a few landowners who seem to think that u tenant-farmers can pay their rents and iust rub along , they have no right to expect more . Tell a landlord—of course there are exceptions , but the exceptions prove the nile— that any particular tenant is m&king a profit , and he will immediately think
and not unfrequently act upon the thought , that tlie iarm has been let for too little rent . Now let us see what has been the effect of these notions amongst the landowners of England . Upon this point Mr . Low says : —In the finest parts of England funds have been progressively accumulating for stocking the farms to a degree unknown in any other country in Europe ; but the essential conditions having been too often wanting , of security of possession , and a beneficial connexion between the landlord and the tenants , agriculture has remained comparatively fixed , while every other branch of industry has been advancing . " Compare this stationary state of agriculture with the progress of other branches of British industry . Mr . Low says : — "The manufacturer of cotton , of woolof ironhas the assurance that the
, , machine which he constructs and improves for the purposes of his trade is his own , and that the more perfect he can render it the more profitable will the use of it become to him . The farmer who lays out capital on the great machine on which his all depends —the earth which he tills—has often no such assurance . It is the property of another , who in the end will profit by all tlie improvements which the skill of a temporary possessor can make upon it . The manufacturer receives directly the profit of his stock in trade ; the farmer must skare those pvofita with another , who undergoes no part of the labour and risk ; his industry is fettered by conditions imposed upon no other class of traders ; and the inconvenience of obtaining returns for a present expenditure more slowly than in any other profession are frequently
aggravated by the uncertainty whether he will ever have the power of recovering the capital advanced /' We hear a great deal about " mutual confidence , " "tenures , " "tenantrights , " and so forth . Listen again to Mr . Low : — " The only fitting security for a man who has capital to employ in the cultivation and improvement of land is a written covenant , subsisting for a definite and adequate period . Tenancy at will , it must be apparent , so much extended over the richest parts ot England , is in ho degree an adequate substitute for thelease , insuring to the tenant his right of possession for a determined period . Habit , indeed , may reconcile the tenantry of a country to such a species of tenure , ai \ d a kind of confidence may arise that a tenant will not be capriciously dispossessed , nor
an untair advantage taken ot lus expenditure : but this confidence , however great , is not to be compared , as the means of inducing men to expend capital on land , with that sense of security and independence which is the soul of industry and exertion . It is impossible to divest the tenant-at-will of the knowledge that every improvement which he makes upon his farm gives it a higher value to another , and adds to the means of raising the rent against himself . "— "Who can doubt the truth or the justice of these remarks ? We now come to the subject of rents ; and upon this point the Professor observes : — " The tenant who takes land , and the landlord who lets it , should so adjust the rent , that the tenant shall be able to bear the pressure of deficient crops , or of low prices arising from favourable ones : and no nrudent man oiurhfc to
contract ior a rent which will not allow him to meet that contingency of his trade which , arises from a fluctuation in the amount and price of his commodities * * * . The landlord who would secure a prosperous tenantry , and improve his estate , must not trust to his per centage or bounty on an audit day , but must place liis tenants in the condition which will enable them to fulfil the obligations under which they engage in virtue of a fair and well-con sidered covenant . " These remarks have evident reference to corn-rents , and upon this subject just allow me to state the relative positions in which English and Scottish farmers are placed to each other ; the Englishman paying a fixed money rent , the Scotchman a corn-rent . We wUl take a farm of 200 acres at 25 s . an acre , money price , which , farmed upon the
hvc-course system , will , 1 suppose , have about 40 acres of wheat in each year . Adopting the general notion that wheat must pay the rent , then it will require at least two-thirds of the wheat crop i . pon the . forty acres to satisfy the landlord for the reat of the whole farm . Let us now see how a corn-rent will bear upon landlords and tenants . The English landlord asks , as I have before supposed , 25 s . an acre for his 200 acres , and the English tenant accepts the offer . The Scotch farmer , on the other hand , bargains with his landlord to give him / our bushels of wheat , or half a quarter of an acre . Now , supposing that these bargains are entered into with wheat at 50 s . a quarter , as long as this price continues , all parties , both Scotch and English , stand upon the same footing , paying 25 s . an acre rent . But let us suppose
that wheat falls to 40 s ., how will matters be then ? Why , the English farmer will continue to pay 25 s . an acre , whilst the Scotch farmer pays 20 s . —a difference , be it observed , of £ 50 upon the 200 acres , or of 25 s . an acre on , the 40 acres growing wheat ! Ten shillings a quarter is , however , by no means the limit of the fluctuation to which the farmer is liable . In 1835 the average price of wheat for the whole year was under 40 s . a quarter . At that time the tenantry of England held their farms at a vent calculatetlupon the understanding that wheat was to sell for 60 s . at least , which price it was believed the Act of 182 S would secure . We all know the distress which then overtook the English fanners , as proved before the committee of 1830 . But we also know that the Scotch farmers , paying corn-rents , who were examined
before that committee , gave a very different account of their condition : and one of the most intelligent farmers in the county of Haddingtonshire has since stated that he cleared more money from his farm in 1835 than in any year since . ( Hear , hear . ) And the difference in the state of things in England and Scotland was caused by the difference in the terms of renting ; for whilst the Scotch farmer paid £ 400 to his landlord , the Englishman paid £ 600 . In fact the English fanner is now paying three tinies as much rent for his land as his grandfather paid about 70 years ago , whilst liis wheat is actually selling under the price of that period . ( Cheers . ) Now , gentlemen , these are facts which demand very serious reflection at your hands , and I think these farmers' clubs may be made very . useful instruments in leading to a right understanding both upon these and various other topics in which your interests are concerned . English Sheep . —It is worthy of remark how steadily the sheep of England have increased , both
in number and weight , as the breed has beenimproved , and the mode of supplying them with food better understood . In 1698 , Mr . Gregory King calculated that there were in Great Britain 12 , 000 , 000 sheep ; in 1741 , the number increased to 1 C , G 40 , 000 ; in 17 ? 4 , according to Arthur Young , the number was 25 , 5 S 9 , 754 ; in 1820 , Mr . Lucock estimated them to be 26 , 148 , 463 ; in 1834 , Mr . M'Culloch stated them to be 32 , 000 , 000 , and the value of their wool £ 7 , 000 , 000 ; and not onl y have they during this period thug nearly trebled in number , but they have at the same time nearly doubled their average weight . In 1710 , according to Mr . Davenant , the average weight of black cattle was only 3701 b ., of calves 50 lb ., of sheep and lambs 48 lb ., but it ' . isnow calculated by Mr . Youatt that the average dead weight of the cattle sold at SmithfieW is 650 lb ., of calves 1441 b ., and of sheep and lambs ffl lb . ( " Youatt on Cattle , " p . 257 . ) In 1732 , the number of sheep and lambs sold at Smithfield was 514 , 700 ; these had increased to 1 , 047 , 310 in 1835 and 1854 , 320 in 1843 .
, , Warming Cottages . —The last subject to which I shall advert is a simple method practiced in the north of France for warming cottages . In that part of France the chimneys and fire-places are usually placed in the walls which separate the apartments ; this is done with a design of heating the adjoining room , and is' effected in a cheap and easy manner , In the wall which separates the kitchen and the room , a square opening is cut before the fire-place ; the wall on . each side is sloped outwards into ; the room 'to cast the ; heat aboutthe room from a square piece of cask iron ' which is well fastened in'the opening ' -with * morta'f , to : " prevent the smoke from
entering . ; ;^ rom :, the * jgrea < itenipferatuTC that the plat& ' a&flujres , a . i stteam . of ;\ s ^ Y \\\ aiv is . continually passing' off' froin , it into tlie apartmerii . ' In . many easesa ' woodeii ' press Hrp'Meed 'before'tire * iro ' n plate , . withfolding : rtlooi's , :-,- vvhjch * BerTejs as a' warm closet to dry or ^ air-clp , the 8 ,. and . alsq . to . preyeiit . -jnpte ' warm air than is requisite . ; . By tjiis . ( simplc contrivance' a Sttiali cotta ' gej ' xonsisting ~ 6 f twd' apa ^ itientS , js kept eomfoiiableat the expenses " ' ' of one "tee ; furniture is preserved from danfps , heila 1 aired , and clothes dried , when the same could not , "be , , done out of > doors . — Farmers' Gazette . '"' . ' ¦ ' . ' '
Tussac Grass . —The Marquis of jDowushire communicated the following result of Mr . Blacker ' s attempt to introduce the cultivation , of .. the Tussae grass into Ireland : —I think it . will be , interesting to your lordship , and perhaps to others interested in such matters , to know that I have succeeded in getting about eighteen or twenty plants of . the Tussac grass from a very small quantity of the seed given me by the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland . One might perhaps be deceived in regard to the plant , as its appearance is not known j but , having given a few seeds to different gardeners
, and the same plant having made its appearance in each case , I tliink it may confidently be considered to have been produced from the seed . I am not botanist enough to deserlbeit accurately , but it seems to me to divide in the stem something like the grass commonly called Spritt ; but when the leaves part , they seem inclined to grow long , narrow , and pointed ; m Some degree resembling ihe leaves of a pink , but in miniature , for none of the plants are above an inch high . Having only ventured a few seeds at the late season I sowed them , I am in hopes to have great success mth the remainder .
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THE GAZETTE OF VARIETY : A MISCELLAXT OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE AND AMUSING LITERATURE . Vol . IL-London : Cleave , Shoe-lane . Our readers may remember that the first volume ot this publication received our unqualified approval , and we have now much pleasure in ocaring testimony to the worth and value of its successor . The second Volume is more than equal to the first . It contains nearly 500 larje octavo pages filled with matter not only readable , but no inconsiderable portion of the choicest descri ption . It may be necessary to add , that the Illustrated Family Journal , the first number of which we noticed two ' ov three weeks asro , is the successor of the Gazette of Variety , or rather a continuation of the Gazette , with new attractions ; and such attractions as are not to be met with in any similar publication .
Untitled Article
Mabch 29 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . $ ^ — m . . ^ . ^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 29, 1845, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1308/page/3/
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