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    • Gtatfet InteHifltme*
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, JUNE 14,18*5. LORD STANLEY'S IRISH LAND BILL.
    • Co leatesi & Corospintiiettt&
    • acctlim t* , OTemes, & Enquests,
  • Text (13)
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      Gtatfet Intehifltme*

      Gtatfet InteHifltme *

      Untitled Article

      LOMJON . SS ^^ S ^ onthc "People's Charter , as the means of SEhE ^!*** <* ' «» Land ! " Mn Thorns Edwards was unanimously called to the chair . Air . M'Grath commenced by eulogising the members of the Somers Town locality for their strenuous and unwearied exertions in the cause of democracy , and congratulated them on the position they had now assumed . In speaking to the highly important subject announced for Ms lecture , Mr . M'Grath , in a strain nf trinmnff and fervid eloquence , depicted the

      degradation and slatery to which his fellow-men were subjected , exposed the grinding and nefarious system of robbery practised towards the working classes , and its prostrating effects on their energies , ; pourtrayed trim patriotic feeling and deep pathos the many scenes of misery , destitution , and starvation daily exhibited in the narrow , gloomy , and noisome courts and alleys of this vast metropolis , as well as in the cold and damp cellars of Manchester and other places , where masses of human beings arejhuddled together , inhaling a fetid atmosphere necessarily producing pestilence and death . He vividly contrasted the

      above ^ picture with the reckless extravagance , the luxurious magnificence , the pomp and splendour of a gamblingandbloatedaristomcy . Ileexpatiatedonthe equality of nun , asserted the inherent right of all to the Land , quoted the opinions of the Earf of Landerdale , and other eminent staticians , as to its capabilities ; elaborately detailed the plan of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , and concluded a most excellent address amid the rapturous cheers of an enthusiastic audience . A vote of thanks to Mr . M'Grath . was carried withacdaniation . Ten enrolled their names as members , and after a vote of thanks to the chairman the meeting separated .

      Hall of Science , -19 , Cchbeblamkrow , Kixg ' s-CB 038 . —On Sunday evening next , Mr . C . Bolwell , of Bath , will lecture In the above Hall , at half-past seven o ' clock precisely . Camberwill jot Walwobih . —At a meeting of the CamberweU and "Walworfh Chartists , held at the Montpelier Tavern on Monday evening last , it was unanimously resolved , — " That the Land plan , wisely directed , will prove a valuableauxiliary to the Chartist movement . " " That Messrs . Rhodes , J . Simpson , Ingram , Sewell , Murhall , and Jordan , be a committee for the purpose of forming a branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society in this district . "

      Victim Committee . —This Committee met at the Hall , Turnagain-lane , on Sunday evening , June 8 th ; Mr . G . fl . Tucker was unanimously called to the chair . A letter was read from Mr . F . O'Connor , stating that he was absent from town , engaged on the Land project , which prevented his attendance on the occasion ; also stating that he had written to Mr . J . Cleave , but had notyet obtained a statement of the "Victim Account irom that gentleman . Oa the motion of Messrs . Milne and Cufiay it was unanimously resolved , "That the secretary be instructed to write to Mr . O'Connor , and request him to wait on Mr . Cleave personally , and report the result of his mission to this Committee at its next sitting . " A letter was also read from the veteran John Richards . On the motion of Messrs . Cofiay and Mike , it was una nimously resolved , " That thesecretary be instructed to write to Mr . John Richards , assigning the reason why his request and the vote of the Committee have not been yet complied with . "

      MR , CLARK'S TOUR , To tke Chartist Body . —friends , —As I announced in my last , I attended a largejrablic meeting of the inhabitants of MACCLESFIELD . held on Park-green , on Wednesday the 4 th inst . Mr . Allen , an old and staunch Chartist , was called to the chair , and , after a few preliminary remarks , introduced Mr . John West , who , in his usual happy and eloquent strain , moved the adoption of the peti tion on the Land , as nutforfa by theExecutive . Mr West entered into a detailed account of the robberies Hut have been perpetrated in the name of the

      Enctosnre Acts , and concluded a most masterly speech Dy recommending the meeting to recommence the agitationfortlieirpoliticalri glits , which would enable them all to partake of the benefits which the possession of the soil invariably confers upon those who are so fortunate as to enjoy it . Mr . John Warren seconded the motion of Mr . West , and I snpportedit , pointing out the value" of the land to such parties as I knew in different parts of the country occupying small portions of it . The petition on being putwas unanimously adopted . Afterwhichitwasannounced that I would , in connexion with Mr . West , address another meeting at the same place on the following Tuesday evening .

      IHE POTIEHIES . On Thursday evening I entered upon the first of wo nights' discussion with Mr . W . Evans , editor of the Touerf Examiner ~ on " Home Colonisation wrens Emigration . " The discussion took place on that evening in the Christian Brethren ' s lai ^ e room , which was crowded to sufibcation . Mr . C . Stanley , president of the Emigration Society , was agreed on Dj both parties as chairman for the occasion . I opened the debate in a half hour ' s speech , in which I laid it down that it was rank delusion to lead the people to suppose that the "surplus population " could be removed by either emigration or home colo nisation , butthat by the adoption of the latter we could afford the people a practical nroof of what misht be

      done , did they possess the land nationally ; and also that for the same sumof money as 400 families would have to pay for their passage to America , they might be comfortably located upon at least two acres of land , with a comfortable cottage , well stocked , at home ; and thus avoid all the dangers consequent irpon transportation . Mr . Evans , in reply , admitted that home colonisation was preferable to emigration , if it was practicable , but it was not practicable ; and therefore he preferred emigration . He then entered mto the details of the emigration scheme , laying particular stress upon the price of land in America , and contrasted it with the price of an equal quantity of English land . I , of course , admitted the difference in the price of land in both countries , narticu

      Jariy in back woods and deserts of the Western State 3 of Hie American continent ; atthesametimepointing out the value of produce in both countries , and the fecilifaes for disposing of English produce , when American gram would remain unconsumed for the "want of a market . But leaving the price of land entirely out of the question , I contended that as it would cost £ 30 , according to Mr . Evans ' s own shewing , to remove a family of five persons , and as they would sacrifice at least £ 10 in loss of time in getting to then- destaiation , that the same amount , £ 40 per sunfly , _ would make them comfortable at home . The discussion was continued the following evenmg at the bea Lion Concert-room , and adjourned until Wed nesday , to take place at Burslem ; and as it is to be concluded tomorrow night , i shall reserve my remarks upon it for next week' s Star .

      8 I 0 CKP 0 &T . On Sunday evening I lectured to a numerous and attentive audience , in the large room , Hillgate ; and on the following evening in the Castle-yard , on the Land . At the close of the secondleeture I entered mto atengthy discussion with the renegade Allinson , too offered some ignorant and silly objections to the Land scheme . I lecture to-night here ; Mr . West wdl assist me . I forgot to state that I enrolled twenty-five members at Stockport in the Land Society . Oneperson , Mr . Beswick , paidme £ l 08 s . 4 d for four shares . Macclesfield , Tuesday , Thomas Clark .

      HALIFAX . West Riding Delegate Meeijkg . —This meeting was held on Sunday , the 8 th inst ., in the Working Man ' s Hall ; Mr . R , Sntcliffe in the chair . The minutes of last meeting werereadoverand confirmed , after which the following sums were paid in for the iaecutive : —Bradford , 6 s . 4 d ., do . cards , 7 s . fid . ; HeMen-bridgc , 3 s . 3 d . ; Halifax , 4 s . 4 d . ; littletown , is . &L ; Dewsbury , Is . Sd . ; Sowerby-helm , 4 s . Id ., do . cards , os . ; Lower Warley , Is ., do . cards , 3 s . The delegates , after duseussins Beveral subjects , and

      naruemany xue inoperative Land plan , adopted the Mowing resolution- : » That in the opinion of this MvSh * r % TJ 2 ? r ? orihy F ^ nt . Mr . M Graft , onthe _ Charhst Cooperation Land Association , in the West Riding , would be of essential service , and tend greatly to forward that object : we , the delegates of the various localities in the West Riding , respectfully request Mr . M'Grath to take a short tour amongst us as soon as he can make iteonvenient . " After the transaction of other detail business , the meeting adjourned to the second Sunday in July .

      Rochdale . —On Sunday last a public meeting was held in the Chartist Room , Mill-street , to consider flie Land question , as passed by the late Conference —iredenck Greenwood in the chair . The rules tram the Northern Star -were read , and a very instructive discussion followed . At the dose of the meeting eight members enrolled their names , when it was resolved to adjourn to Sunday afternoon next , in the same room , when further information will be anoraed .

      STRATFORD-ON-AVON . A Pubuc Meeting was held on Monday at the Temperance Hall , to enrol membere and explain the objects of the Cooperative Land Society . Mr Heming was called to the chair , and ably opened the l ? wee ?^ v - Sta « nton , in an eloquent address showed the benefits to be derived from the society ' and was enthuaasAicall y applauded . Many members were enrolled . The committee meet every Monday STESmj * W ^ a ™ * Public meeting

      *• u , LIVERPOOL . iiifPP enrolled . " * ! - A number of membere were

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      Dcxcombe Teshmosial . —Central Committee of Trades , Ac ., 12 , St . Martin ' s-lane , Wednesday , June 4 th ; Mr . J . Grassby , Carpenter , in the chair . — Thefollowing sums were received : —Mr . John Brown , per Edmund Stallwood , 2 s . ; Mr . Manning , tailor , 2 s . 6 d . ; per Mr . Wilkinson , the subscription of a few Hatters , I 5 s . 9 d . ; per John Jones , of Bowler ' s shop ( Hatters ) , 4 s . 9 d . ; per Mr . H . Williams , on behalf

      of the Gildera' meeting at the Green Man , Berwickstreet , £ 1 ; per Mr . T . Farrer , the proceeds of an harmonic meeting at the Feathers , 19 a . 4 d . ; per do ., profits on sale ofNorther a Star , 10 s . ; per Mr . Eyan Jones , Shoemaker , the result of a penny subscription , 2 s . 6 d . ; per Thomas Carey , a subscription at Mr . Robertson's shop , 3 s . 6 d . ; per Mr . Amos , Hatter ( second contribution ) , 8 s . ; per Messrs . John Shaw and John Frazer , on behalf of the Limehouse Local Committee , £ 1 Ss . 3 d . ; per Mr . A . Sharp , 8 s . ; per W . Smith , Mr . Dickinson , 2 s . 6 d . ; per Mr . J . Moore , Coach Trimmer , 2 s . 6 d . ; Mr . W . Shaw and friends , 3 s . 6 j L ; per Mr . Pattenden , Marylelxme Chartist locality , 3 s . 3 d . ; per Messrs . Hornby and Humphries , tie fourth subscription from Somers

      Town District Committee , £ 110 s . lOd . ; per Mr . W . Flower , Brighton , on behalf of Ltcal Committee , £ 2 Os . 6 d . ; per Mr . R . C . Payne , Halstead ( second sub-Bcription ) , 10 s . ; from the Working Men's Mutual Improvement Society , Landport , Portsea , 15 s . 6 d . ; from Glossop , per Mr . John Sears , £ 2 4 s . ; from Northampton , per Mr . 'Monday , on behalf of Chartists , 18 s . 4 d . ; from Sheffield , per Mr . Hammond , on behalf of the naft-presEers , 9 s . ; from Coventry district committee , per Mr . Butler ( second subscription ) , £ 2 9 s . 4 d . ; from Southampton , a few Shoemakers , per Mr . J . Hinton , 7 s . ; per Mr . C . Segrave , Croydon , Is . ; from th « Iron Moulders ' Friendly Society of England , Ireland , and Wales , per Mr . Wan . Glazebrook , £ 10 ; from the Chelsea and Pimlico district committee , ner Mr . W . Dixon .

      the amount of six ball tickets , 3 s . ; per Wm . Cuffay , a collection from a few Tailors ( third subscription ) , 2 s . 6 d . ; per Mr . H . Stallwood , on behalf of the Great Marlow district committee ( second subscription ) , £ 1 193 . lOd . On the motion of Messrs . E . Stallwood and T . Barrett , it was unanimously resolved " That the General Secretary convene a special general meeting of the Central Committee on Wednesday evening next , and that the General Finsbury Committee be requested to send a deputation to such meeting , to take into consideration what further steps shall be adopted . " Agreed to . A special general meeting of the committee will therefore be held attheParthenium Roams , 12 , St . Martin ' s-lane , on Wednesday evening next , June 11 th , at half-past eight precisely .

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      " A landlord of straw can break a tenant of steel . " We have read Lord Stanley ' s speech introducing Ms " Tenant Compensation Bill" to the House of laJKMords , with more than ordinary attention , and have been not a little struck with the confessions forced from his Lordship on the occasion : forced from him , not from any love of justice , but from the apprehension that if a "littlebit" is not offered , " more" will be taken . When the State physician was summoned to attend the Empress Maria Louisa in her confinement , Napoisos , a good judge of

      human nature , and not slow to discover the effect of circumstances on the mind , observing the physician ' s timidity , exclaimed , " Doctor , remember she IS but a woman . ' If the noble lords , -whose aid Lord SiAXEEx would now enlist to cure the Irish landmalady , had merely to deal with the complaint of their patient only , we could understand a great portion of his Lordship ' s speech , which under the real circumstances of the case , appearedrather perplexing and enigmatical . The Irish Za » z * . malady is the grievance complained of ; and the noble lords , whose co-operation was sought , knew well that the rea

      question at issue was one affecting their own health , condition , and constitution . In fact , the House of Peers , for the most part composed of fond-lords who have large Irish estates as well as English titles , was the very worst tribunal to which an appeal for bettering the condition of their tenants could bo made . When we read the appalling accounts of Irish destitution arising out of fon ^ -lords' tyranny hi the Devox Report , we expressed our conviction that Sir Robert Peel merely required a feasible pretext for dealing with the whole question of Irish agricul ture—Irish iand-lori justice—tenant

      compensationand . above all , the questien of tenure . Muchimportance , then , as we attach to thespeech of Lord Staniey in introducing the measure , the measure itself fades into utter insignificance as a remedy for the admitted grievances . It has been our lot on several occasions to canvass the probable effect likely to be produced by the Ministerial measures proposed for the amelioration of Ireland : and , however those measures may differ in their character or object , we ate irresistibly led to the conclusion that the effect of one and all must inevitably lead to an increased power being placed in the hands of the hnd-hria .

      The Reform Bill , intended to extend the franchise , had , after the first experiment was tried , a directly opposite tendency . The prescriptive dominion and controul of the fon&lord class induced them , in the first instance , to make the franchise as extensive as possible : but when the secret was discovered that priestly influence was more powerful than the landlords ? controul , the " iords of the soW' waged deadly warfare against those tenants who would not vote for them . Hence the country constituencies have diminished year after year . So with Lord Ehot ' s intended Registration measure . Had it passed into a law , a further inducement for ousting the Catholic tenantry would have been presented to the Irish

      Protestant land-lords : and while Lord Stanley supposes that he is proposing a substantive measure for the improvement of Irish agriculture , we , with a better knowledge of the character and practice of those whom he would coerce into justice by law , beg to assure him that the inevitable result of his proposed bill will be , either a further clearance of Irish estates , or a large increase in that class called , "tenants at wiD . "

      The leading features of the proposed measure are , —coisP ^ Bi . Tiovforbuildings , drainage , saidconversion of unprofitable fences into profitable land : the compensation to be awarded by commissioners paid by the job , and to be regulated by a graduated scale of occupancy : the noble lord fairly enough reducing the price of compensation according to the '' amount of benefit that the tenant may have derived from the improvements . There are three main ingredients , however , indispensable towards the realisation of the proposed benefits . Firstly , tenure ; secondly , capital ; and , thirdly , cheap law , for the defence of the tenant .

      Lord Stanley dispenses with law as a means of arriving at the question of compensation : but he does not dispense with the present expensive system , by which a landlord of straw is at all times able to break a tenant of steel . Now , to deal with a case precisely such as Lord Stahlet ' s bill proposes to meet , let us see the mode by which an Irish landlord could drive a coach and six through the proposed Act

      with as much ease as his Lordship says the fanners can drive a cart on the top of an Irish fence . What more easy in a case where a tenant contracts to take a farm without offices , with the full share of the proscribed mounds , and requiring drainage , than for the landlord to insert a condition in the lease , setting forth that the performance of any of those three acts protected by law shall amount to a forfeiture of the lease ?

      The notion which Lord Stahley had uppermost in his mind was some means by which he could compel the Irish landlords to grant leases of such duration as would make expenditure in improvements mutually beneficial to landlord and tenant . He was , however , aware that theopen and undisguised question oftenure would have carried with it an amount of " Ministerial interference" that might have perilled the measure . He cannot for a moment suppose , however , that the Irish , landlords can be forced out of their habitual practice , or that they can be brought under obedience of laws now , while their contempt of all law , human and divine , has become proverbial

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      ?^ 1 ^*^ MB « MMB ^ B ^ a ^^ B ^ W >^^ H ^ ^ BH ^ MMVHV . ^ M ^ and is unblushingly admitted-in every line of their own report , when they were called upon to sit in judgment upon their own acts . His Lordship assures us that there is an incredible amount of money in the possession of Irish farmers ready to be called into active operation the very moment the prospect of compensation is presented to them . We entirely concur with Lord Stanley ' s assertion . We admit , and it is beyond doubt , that there is an inconceivab le amount of " gold guineas" in the possession of Irish farmers , especially those holding large mountainous districts ; but we further assert that the preference to bear any privation , rather than to spend a single one of the said guineas , proves the fact , that an amount of distrust exists , which no law , save Hie righteous law of " PERPETUITY " can ever remove .

      The tenants possessed of money are fully aware that " a landlord of straw can break a tenant of steel ;" and are likewise conscious of the fact , that if their money was expended in improvement , ejectment would very speedily follow . An increased rent would be demanded , or the tenant would be ousted , to make way for a higher bidder . A lease in Ireland is no guarantee for possession : and what Lord Stanley should have endeavoured to have enforced is , the certainty of tenure . But again we say , it was too delicate a subject to meddle with . His Lordship tells us , that the incoming tenant is invariably

      compelled to give the landlord , by way of fine , that capital which of right should be expended upon improvements . We have said the same thing over and over again . We have said , that frequent oustings are resorted to as a means of frequent lettings , to ensure fresh capital by way of fine—the heartless , ignorant landlord invariably taking care to extract the last farthing as a fine from the incoming tenant . Surely , then , when this practice constitutes the greatest portion of the " middle-man ' s" wealth , Lord Stanley cannot for a moment presume that he

      will kill the goose with the golden egg by depriving himself of the means of replenishing his exchequer by repeated oustings ? For the grievances described by Lord Stanley we have long ago prescribed the onlyremedies : namely—leases for ever , with a corn rent—abolition of the right to distrain—a , county registration court to keep records of all documents between landlord and tenant—a cheap and easy mode of ejectment when tenants will not pay their rentand an equitable jurisdiction , without the power of appeal , to be given to the assistant Barristers at Quarter Sessions .

      The evil is much too deep to be removed by the proposed palliative ; for the administrators of the balm would rtAVE the power , and would convert it into poison . His Lordship should therefore take care to have a cotemporaneous measure of Emigration : for he may rest assured that , cheerfully as we receive his tardy admission of wrong , the Irish landlords will be yet more tardy in giving effect to a measure calculated to disarm them of most anomalous , iniquitous and disastrous powers . Upon the whole , we repeat an observation we made on the Queen ' s speech at the opening of Parliament—that we gather much more

      from the sayings than the doings of Ministers : and what we value in the speech of Lord Stanley is , that whatever the fate of his measure may be , those whose position enables them to judge . of public opinion , have come to the conclusion , that wrong will no longer be borne by the many—and that tyrannical dominion 18 UNSAFE IN THE Banbs op TBS few . The grievances admitted by Lord Stanley equally existed in 1833 , when , instead of remedying them , when his party had the power to da so , he hoped to coerce the sufferers into a tame submission to the usurper ' s will .

      Our joy is that the land question has new become a value : that the cry for its possession makes the tyrant usurpers tremble ! The "little nostrum" of the Noble Lord is merely intended to hush the loud shoutsof " RESTORE ! " " RESTORE !! " " RESTORE !!! " which will ere long penetrate through the black wool in their Lordships' ears . Let our readers look to other portions of this sheet for evidences of the deep interest taken in the Land

      question , and let them from that fact take courage . Already the drunken would-be-protectors of the labourers pence , see danger in their co-operation > and , as is their custom , cry out" Beware ! Beware !! Beware !!! " Next week we shall put an extinguisher upon the alarmist ; and preserve that confL dence which the people ' s enemies lose no opportunity of destroying . The Land ! The Land !! Hurrah for the Land ''!

      THE WORKMAN'S "SHARE" OF COMFORT . THE SANATORY CONDITION OF OUR LARGE TOWNS . The extracts that we give in another place , from the lucid and business-like Report of the Working Woolcombers ' Committee in Bi-adfordjCannotbut have their due effect on the mind of the reader , whose es pecial attention we beg to direct to the horrible and humiliating revelations therein made . The reflections and the feelings which a perusal of the few samples we have given from the frightful mass of similar de

      tail laid bare by the said Committee , will excite , will assuredly be of amost painful character ; but we trust that they will result in a full determination on the part of the workers to embrace every opportunity , and use every exertion , to procure for themselves a greater "SHARE" of the " good things of life , " which their labour causes to be—that the scenes of squalid misery and dire destitution to which they alone are subjected , may be changed into those of plenty , happiness , and contentment—and the foul blot of extensive poverty and extreme luxury that disfigures our national escutcheon be effectually

      removed . The evil is as extensive as the order of labour itself . It is by no means confined to Bradford . Were similar means taken—similar inquiries generally instituted—the mass of want and misery thus exposed to view would be overwhelmingly frightful ! What a picture of the " highest state of civilisation " would be presented ! Let the sinks and stews of Leeds , Manchester , Liverpool , and the great wen itself , with those of the intermediate towns , be but explored as in the Bradford case , by parties willing to tell the truth , and the prudish morality of the

      age , all stiff and starched as it is , would start back witli affright at the hideous reality thus made apparent . It is impossible for pen to describe , or even the mind to conceive , the full extent of the atrocities and infamies that would be thus dragged to the face of diy : but me tMng , and one thing alone , in relation to the matter , we may set down for fact : tlie parties enduring the misery—subject to the want—destitute of every comfort—abiding amidst filth , and squalor , and disease , and wretchedness of every description : tlie parties to whom is apportioned these things , as their " SHARE" of " National wealth , " would U

      found to be those who labour ivith their hands—THOSE who produce wealth in abundance to make life a joyous existence for all , did the principle of equity in distribution at all prevail . Our life for it , that you would not find any of the tax-eaters dwelling in the " Firfor fa-streets" of Bradford , Manchester , Leeds , or London , except it be some old soldier-pensioner , whose mvard for glory is not sufficient to provide him . with '" bacca and heary-wet" for one week out of the thirteen-You would not meet with any of the " pretty misses" of the pension-list in your " 2 W-streets or "Hol gate-squares . " Lady Juliasa Hay , bo inti . mately connected with John Cam Hobhouse , late

      S eeretary-at-Warunderthe Whigs , would not be found dwelling in » CWmemaJ-street . " The recipients of the dividends on account of the debt , would be found located in far different localities to that of "Back-lane , Westgate , Bradford ; " nor would one of the dead weight men , or the receivers « f half-pay , be found in " Nelson-court 1 " You might as well hope to find power unassorted with tyranny , as a banker reposing his limbs on THE BED OF SHAVINGS at " Spink ' s-buildings , White Abbey ;" and a millowner or merchant occupying the BED IN THE COAL-HOLE of "Fwtorja-street , " would be as rare as frugality and humility at a court ! Nay , you will not be able , throughout your whole searchan you may run the whole number of courts and

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      alleys , and stews , and -dirti" places " through—to find a single petty huxter or chandler ' s-shop keeper , obliged to herd with " fifty-five persons in eleven apartments , with only sine beds , being six peb . boss to each bed ! " No . Those of all these genuses and classes will be found far otherwise situate than the wretched inmates of " Case No . 83 , at GltACE-c / iui-c / j-street , White Ab bey , " where " a man , his wife , and four children , together wira ins mother , LIE IN ONE BED ! " No , your "Club-houses , " and your " GfoZ&n-squaves ! " with their "four persons working in an upper apartment where a man and his wife sleep ; " and where "they had . to cease from work ivhilst the ivoman was lying in ; " and where

      "they now work , with her lying in had exposed to their gaze , AND HER DEAD CHILD IN THE SAME ROOM ! " —these places , and your ' Thomson ' s Buildings , " , with their eight people to one bedroom , of an average size of seventeen feet by fifteen , " where "the brother and sister had to work together , with only one apartment and one bed !"these places and these things are exclusively " ENJOYED" by the workers—the toilers—the producers ; are all that a "high state of civilisation " can afford in return for that superabundance of wealth which has enabled our merchants and manufacturers to exchange the comfortable dwelling for the mansion—the land-lord to leave the manor-house for the palace ; and all ivho live without labour to wallow in luxury without end .

      And we are told , by high authority , that this is fate!—that it is ordained to be so , and that we cannot help it ! This very week , during the discussion on Mr . Villiers ' s motion for a repeal of the Com Laws , in answer to the argument that the state of the working classes was most unsatisfactory , as compared with the state of the other classes , Sir Robert Peel said : — It is my confident belief that , establish what system of Corn Laws you please , you mast expect to find such differences in this country and in a state of society like this ; you must expect to find those extremes of wealth and poverty . ( Hear , hear . ) They exist , I believe , in every country on the face of the earth , Indeed , the more civilisation and refinement increases , there is a greater tendency towards these extremes .

      Here is a doctrine ! " Civilisation" and " Refinement" means more riches to the rioh and more poverty to the poor ! What apostles of " civilisation" we ought to become ! "What a call duty has on us to extend " refinement" It follows , then , according to this doctrine , that the poorer the mass of a people become , in comparison with the livers out of their labour , the higher is the " state" of civilisation such nation has attained—the greater her progress towards absolute refinement ! Ireland , therefore , when she had her millions existing on sea-weed , and her thousands dying for want of even that means of sustaining life , was in the highest state of beatitude and bliss any of our people have yet realised !

      We now learn the reason why our " law-givers , " who are not sent to protect us , were so anxious to " reduce the people of England to live on a coarser sort of food . " It was an earnest desire to promote " civilisation !"—toextend " refinement ! " But if increased poverty and misery for the toilers , with all their attendant woes of depravity , vice , and crime ) on the one hand , and increased means of dissipation and profligacy for " the favoured ones of fortune " on the other , is the " tendency" of " civilisation " and " refinement , " are not these rather curses instead of blessings ? Would it not be better for the

      workers at least , that we should remain rude , and un « cooth , and uncultured , and uncivilised ? Where is the advantage of " refinement" to the [ producer of wealth ? Where is the inducement for him to become a " civilised" being ? Man here below requires comforts and conveniences . He will have them it he can get them . This is apparent in the deadly struggle ^ constantly going on in even " refined" society —each one endeavouring to secure to himself as goodly a " SHARE " of the creature-comforts as his ingenuity and cunning can contrive to compass , regardless of whom he deprives . Plenty has always

      been considered the forerunner of happiness and contentment . But if with " civilisation" there isn 0 hope of securing plenty to the mass ; if the tendency of " refinement" is to widen the extremes of wealth and poverty ; if up-heaped piles of gold , princely residences , splendid equipages , and all tlie blandishments of art to the few , and potatoes and sea-weed with tlie Irish hovel or the Bradford "COALHOLE" to the many , is to bo the award of " civilisation , " is not the " savage" state to be preferred , where the , principles of equity , equality , andfai play have , an intimate bearing on the condition of the whole people ?

      If Sir Robert Peel had said that it was the tendency of ourtaxing-syBtem—thetendency of our Banking-system—the tendency of our fictitious capitalthe tendency of our debt and its Dividends—the tendency of our manufacturing system , with its machinery monopolised in the hands of a few leviathans—the tendency of our stock-jobbing , our sharebrokering , and all our other infernal modes of usury and gambling—the tendency of our blessed profitmongering system : if Sir Robert Peel bad said that it was the tendency of these hell-devised schemes to " absorb the wealth out of the hands of the producers into the lap of the greediest and most inex . orable of tyrants , " and thus make the rich richer , and the poor poorer , he would have said what was

      the truth . But these are not the result of , or consequent on , true civilisation . These are measures of iniquity , compared with which , fev devastation and ruin to all that should constitute true nobility and true greatness , the most barbarous engines of oppression of tlie most savage times were innocence itself . These are bars to tlie progress of civilisation ; and when they are removed out of the way , we shall find a state of society develope itself in which , equity and justice will obtain , and individual interest be absorbed in general weal : but until the causes abovenamed are effectually removed , the evils of extreme poverty and extreme wealth can never cease out of the land . ' Effect will follow cause , as surely as that water will find its level .

      With the measures taken to bring the sanatory condition of the working population before public attention we most heartily coincide . 'Die more inquiry there is on that head—the more the facts are made public , tbe more manifest will be the injustice of dooming the workers to unremitting toil and abject misery , while those "that toil not neither do they spin' ' are arrayed in all glory and power . The stronger the contrast between the luxurious prodigality and sensual profligacy of tho high and mighty , and the filth , disease , and wretched viciousness of the labourer , tbe sooner an end is put to disproportionate inequality , if care be taken to hold up the humiliating contrast to public gaze . Let us have St . Giles and St . Jam es fully laid open to view ! Let us see the

      Bal costume s , with its single perms bearing the speil of kingdoms on their backs , on the one band , and the inmates of the dwellingin "Back-lane , Westgate , Bradford , " on the other , with its " thirteen jnnms lying huddled together on two bundles of straw , on a damp floor , four of them being females !!'' Let us see the silks and satins , tbe velvets and the blonds , the lace and the ribbons , that flaunt th rough tho state apartments of Buckingham Palace , in contrast with the nakedness of " GoWen (!) -square , White Abbey . " Let us have the wearer of £ 30 , 000 werth of jewels at a state bal l set up for the public to gaze at—and then the pariahs of " Duke-street" and " Holgate-square ! " O yes ! Let us have the facts as to the actual condition of both sections of " civilised "

      society truthfuuy . set forth ; and we shall have done much towards preparingthe public mind for the consideration of a remedy for the destitution consequent on our nefarious polity . Let tbe workeM , therefore , in Manchester , in Bolton , in Aahton , in Oldham , in Bury , in Rochdale in Halifax , in Huddersfield , and in all other places , follow the example of their brethren of Bradford and Leeds . Let them organise their Committees — form their districts — visit each house—record the facts—and publish them , that our rulers and the people at large may know what England really is . Be it the business of

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      such Committees to take attention Mow tie surface of things . Outwardly , the aspect of society is calculated to deceive . Who , that traverses the streets of this infernal wen , and sees the piles of wealth up-heaped on every hand—who , that strolls " into the park" on a fine summer ' s afternoon , and sees the countless throng of " beauty and fashion , " vieing in exhibition of means—who , that sees these things , and a thousand other such , can think of the dwellers in " Lower "West-street , Tetley-row , " unless tbe ^ _

      fact of their existence is thrust beneath his nose ? Dive , therefore , into our alleys . Explore the back courts . Turn up the sinks and the stews of our large towns . Never mind the hideousness of tlie sight or the intolerable nature of the stench . Those are tlie means by which you will arrest attentionby which you will induce a misgiving thought that Jill is not right . Those are the means by which you will aid in the desire pretty fairly set in , to promote sana tovy reforms .

      Whatever will improve the character of the dwellings and the neighbourhoods wherein the workers are by hard necessity compelled to herd , will undoubtedly be a benefit not only to the immediate residents themselves , but to the whole of society . Health is incompatible with filth . Poverty is the parent of disease , as well iis of crime . Fever and bad ventilation are constant companions . Whatever , therefore , will serve to cause cellar dwellings to be given up ( if better are provided)—and the streets and houses to be drained , paved and flagged : whatever will induce habits ( and give the means ) of clean "

      liness , will be of benefit , and ought to be promoted by every friend to his kind . But while a helping hand is thus given to the efforts of the Sanatory Reformer , it will be necessary to guard against the notion that even the utmost he can do will remove the monstrous disparity that exists between the two extremes of society . He may make tlie condition of tlie workers more tolerable . He may somewhat improve the character of their " homes . " He may provide " pettys , " and drains , and ash pits , and cause their dwellings to be whitewashed out : bvit he will not much increase their store , or add to their

      means of procuring food and suitable clothing . That will have to be the result of other measures . He will do good , much good , as far as he goes : but if the £ 50 , 000 , 000 a-yeav taxation is to be exacted ; if the debt is to continue ; if equitable idjustment be not resorted to ; if paper money be not wholly and entirely put down ; if the Land be not in the possession of the people ; if the workers do not learn how to retain for consumption the main ofthat they produce without the intervention of proit-mongert of any kind ; if the infernal system of stock-and-sharejobbery , and all usury , be not abolished , root

      and branch ; if these things are not done , farewell to all hope of stopping the " absorption of wealth from the hands of its producers into the lap of the non-producers "—and farewell all hope of making the condition of the workers at all befitting human beings . Measures of Sanatory Reform are excellent in their way : but they are not all that are needed . However , we are quite content to "take the good the gods send us . " Sanatory Reform will aid materially in hastening the day when the workman will be " msr partaker of the fruits . " The question is one on which all parties and all sections can unite and co-operate . It will bring otherwise antagonistic

      elements into contact . It will make those who have hitherto been held aloof from each other , somewhat acquainted . It will break the cordon of exclusiveness , and uproot much prejudice . It will show to those " above" that in the mass "" below" there are human feelings and sensibilities—human affections and sympathies , which need but the opportunity to chord with their own . It will induce an amount of kindliness , of forbearance , of true charity for the motives and actions of each other , that will of themselves be the prelude to a happier day , when both sections can see each other as they really are , and not attribute to each other a monstrosity of feeling and action which neither inherentlv possess .

      The promotion of admeasures of Sanatory Reform , therefore , is a duty incumbent on us—one which , as far as we are concerned , shall never fail performance to the utmost extent of our power . But while we do this , we shall at the same time inculcate the belief that other measures—measures effecting our fiscal , political , and social polity—are needful and indispensable to enable the working portion of the community to enjoy the fruits of their own industry . The first of these is political power , as the means ; social happiness is the end : and the measures we have indicated above arc necessary to that end . With political PowER ^ those measures are eas y and safe , and the end certain : without it , the workers will always be serfs and slaves .

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      ««» MONIES EECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR . TOR THE KXECUT 1 VE . £ S Cl Preston , O'Connor Brigade ( donation ) , per Mr . Sidwell .. , , ,. 040 Chartists of Wellingbro ' , per Wm . Parish ,. .. 0 C 6 Salford .. .. „ „ 10 0 Robert Rainsden , Jonathan Pickering , James Iloyle , and a few friends 0 2 C CONTRIBUTIONS . From Dundoe , per James Graham .. ., .. 030 CARDS , Preston , O'Connor Brigade , per Mr . Sidwell .. 040 SaHord 0 8 0 VICTIM FOND . From Dundee , per James Graham ,. „ . 024

      BUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL The following sums were collected by W . Morrison - Mr . DaviBon ,, ft ,. Mr . Melville .. n r Mr . Milne .. ., , " " " ! ! Mr . Guuning .. ' ' " " o q Mr . Baulch .. ' , n , m . w c . Morrison .: :: . ' : ;; 2 ° c 3 ilr . W . JIorri 8 on ,, 10 0 5 6

      RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY . / SUBSCRIPTIONS , 6 . d . s , d > Lambeth , Mr . Doyle lower Warley .. .. l o ( BiC . ) 4 0 Hammersmith .. .. 3 o wty of London .. .. 3 9 "Westminster .. .. an Bradford .. .. .. 6 4 W . Salmon a m < mth ) 0 C Hebden-bndge .. .. 3 3 T . Salmon ( 1 month ) , o fi Halifax 4 4 Rufly Ridley .. i 5 Littletown .. .. 16 Dadd y Richards , Foil Dewsbury „ ,. 18 teries .. ,. o ft SowerbyHelm .. 4 1 » .. 8 0

      CAEDS . Leeds * 12 6 Sowerby Helm .. < i n Tunbridge Wells .. 5 0 Lower Wuto , " a n Bradford 7 fi Somers Town ,. " 6 DONATION . Mr . Pinder . perMr . Dron " n i « Fairfield , Mr . Rogers , ; " « J . ° DOHCOHBE TESTIMONIAL . " Mr . Cheetham , traveller , per Mr . Cavill , Sheffield n 2 « victim fund . i " Mr . T . Salmon Thoka « Mamin Whebieb . Secratnri Latd &raT ™ ^

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      Poison Case at Portetoos , GowEit . —1 > - ' < & . Cl impression we gave a few particulars of the Vnim !! held on tlie body of George Gibbs , who htelV- S under very suspicious circumstances , but on account of the importance which the case now assumes ^ l the seriouB character of the offence which , has m > questionably been committed by some individual < i | though as yet not criminated , we give more ful ' lv thf > evidence adduced at the adjourned inquest htid on Monday last , after the analysis of thc ' conteut . i of thp stomach and intestines by Mr . llerapath , analvtieil chemist , Bristol . Elizabeth Gibbs , daughter of the deceased , was first examined , and appealed cr . ni ( W ably affected in giving her evidence . The w ^ cm-ii

      iacts elicited trom her referred to the bad totais oh which her law father and brother had for some time lived . She stated that they very frequent ) -- quarrelled , although they had not done so during the few days preceding his death ; that this feeling was car ricd to such an extent that they never took their meals together , her lather , sister , and herseif : u table , and her brother at another , and at difecat hours . On the morning of the day on which hot- father was taken ill they breakfasted in this u . iv , iiei . brother being in bed at the time . Her father ate for breakfast part of a lobster and three oysters , which had been in the house since the previous evening She was quite sure there was no poison , suck as corrosive sublimate , in the house ( which is sometimes

      used . by farmers as a wash for sheep ) and was also sure that neither her father , ber sister , i ; or herself had been to the druggist ' s for some time previously George Perry , Esq ., surgeon , of UeynoMstone ' re-exammed , said : —On Monday last , the 26 th of May , I made a post mortem examination oi the hody of George Gibbs , assisted by Mr . Wigglesworth . I found symptoms of severe Mammation of the stomach and bowels , and a perforation of the coat of the small intestines , at a short distance from the stomach . ( Mr . Perry hero very ^ minutely detailed the appearances observed , which are given below . ) We removed the stomach the greater part of the intestines , and the fluid contained in the abdominal cavity , for the purnose of

      analysation ; placed them with their contents in so parate bladders , the mouths of which we tied and sealed . I am persuaded that the inflammation described was the cause of death , and believed that such inflammation had its origin in some , poison administered to the deceased , and that it was not excited by the usual causes of iiifluuimation . Henry Wiggleawovtb , Esq ., surgeon , of London , but at present reaiding in Swansea , was next sworn . lie said on Monday last , the 20 th of May , I made a post mortem examination of the body of George Gibbs , assisted by Mr . Perry . We examined the abdomen only . 1 have heard this day tiie appearances which were met with described by ' Mr . Perry , and I agree with them ia every particular .

      They were ( briefly speaking ) those of the most violent inflammation of the stomach and bowels , with disorganisation of some parts of their texture . I am quite convinced that these appearances have bad their origin in some very severe and unusual cause , and believe that that cause was the action of some iiritant poison . I say so because there is no other way of satisfactorily accounting for the destructive inflammation which existed . By direction of the coroner 1 placed the bladders ( three in number ) which eontained the ietestines and stomach of the deceased in a tin case , the lid of which was soldered down in my presence , and this again enclosed in a deal bo : ; . Thus secured , they were transmitted to Mr . llerapath , practical chemist , of Bristol , for analysis . I have

      since had several communications with Mr . Lierapath , and received a letter from him on June 1 , dated Bristol , May 31 , which I now produce . This letter contains Mr . Herapath ' s opinion upon tlie case . Although the contents ot this letter could not be received in evidence in consequence of the absence of Mr . Herapath , we are enabled to give the substance of its contents . The writer stated that be had minutely and repeatedly examined the intestine ? and their contents lorwardedto him , that he had found mercury incorporated with the texture of the stomach and in other parts , and believed that that mercuvy , when administered , was in the form of corrosive sublimate ( bichloride of mercury ) . This being the whole of the evidence , the coroner

      briefly addressed the jury , who , after consulting for a few minutes , returned the Mowing verdict : — " That the deceased , George Gibbs , died of a grievous disease , to wit , an inflammation of the stomach and intestines ; but how , or by what cause produced , there is at present no evidence to show . " riie following particulars respecting this very suspicions case , though not given in evidence , may be relied upon . It appears that the cause of the unhappy feud which existed between the father and son depended upon some pecuniary matters . Some time ago the father made over his property to his children , upon their coming of age , they allowing him a certain annuity . The son has lately been . anxious to sell off part oi the stock of the farm , which the father resisted , contending that his annuity could not then be paid . Not unfrequently the son had threatened violence to his father , and not manv days before his

      death the latter told a neighbour that his son had frequently threatened to kill him " , - and that upon one occasion he was obliged to hide himself under the bed to escape his violence . ( It \ vonld have been well if this fact could have been elicited at the . coroner ' s inquest ; but a man ' s own words , - when in health , cannot be taken as evidence touching the cause of liis death . ) The son is well known to bfr a-violent , overbearing character , and has repeatedly-been taken before the neighbouring magistrates . We trust the police will sift this affair to the bottom , and not allow a single trace of evidence to escape tlieiv aotice , or pass by uninquired into . It would also be well if the chemists and druggists residing at Swansea ami thc neighbouring towns were to make inquiries of their assistants and apprentices , and endeavour to ascertain whether such a drug as appears from the evidence to haye been administered has been recently sold . —Cambrian .

      A Steamer Foundered in the River . —On Sunday morning , the Waterman steamer No . ? , which had just taken several passengers at the Westminster , bridge floating pier , was rounding from the landingplace , and had just arrived opposite the Duke of Buccleuch ' s mansion , about 200 yards distant , when she struck violently upon a sunken barge laden with fifty tons of gravel , belonging to Mr . Mallett , » lighterman , in Lambeth , which had sunk during the night , and there being no buoy te mark the spot , the barge was concealed from view . The iron plates on the larboard side of the Waterman were driven in bj the violence of the shock , and tlie water rushed into the fore cabin and soon filled it : but the vessel bein g

      divided into compartments by water-tight bulk * heads , it could not penetrate farther , and the vessel kopt afloat , and after some difficulty brought up to the Waterman ' s Adelphi Pier , at the termination of George-street , Adelphi , where the passengers were landed , and they proceeded on their voyage by the next vessel , Waterman No . 1 . The Waterman No . 3 was brought up below the Adelphi Pier , and ilie leak having been stopped when the tide receded , she was afterwards towed down to Woolwich for repairs . The accident was entirely owing to the neglect of the people belonging to the barge , who ouglit to have placed a buoy over it to denote the obstruction , after it -went down .

      ExTiuonDiNARY Escape . — On Wednesday , soon after the commencement of a sale by auction of machinery , &c , in Dixon Mill , Yeadon , by Mr . Samuel Lumb , of Leeds , the second floor , on which the company were assembled , gave way , and upwards of fifty persons were precipitated into the room below , along with a great quantity of heavy pieces of wood ana other weighty property ; but , astonishing to say , not a limb was broken , or any one otherwise seriously injured . There were upwards of a hundred persons in the room at the time tlie accident occurred , many of whom saved themselves by clinging to various parts of the machinery fastened to the walls . The

      sale was necessarily postponed till Monday next . " Leeds Mercury . AttkmptedMurdek . —Ajoumeyman leather-cutter , named Gilbert , was recently taken to the po st of the March 6 St . Martin , Paris , for attempting to kill b * employer , M . Dupuis , a currier , residing in M Passage Chapon . He had entered his master's oftc « to receive his wages , and having made a claim whp M . Dupuis refused to recognise , he commenced using most abusive language . M . Dupuis then rose to put Mm out of the office , when the man seized a knue that was lying near , and struck him inthe necK . The cravat fortunatel y prevented the Wow taKin 0 full effect , but the wound is , notwithstanding , » grave one .

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      ; i . " ¦ ¦ ¦ > = gg DODWORTH , NEAR BARNSLEY . A Pobuc Meetks was held on Monday last , and a branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society formed . . Officers were chosen , and fifteen members enrolled their names and paid entrance money . There is every encouragement that we sball get a gre&tmany members . ,... ;

      The Northern Star. Saturday, June 14,18*5. Lord Stanley's Irish Land Bill.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , JUNE 14 , 18 * 5 . LORD STANLEY'S IRISH LAND BILL .

      Co Leatesi & Corospintiiettt&

      Co leatesi & Corospintiiettt&

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      S . Bboadhtobt , Oidbury . —We think the charge of 2 d . for the delivery of the awspapev at the place he mentions is an imposition , and would recommend that a statement of the facts be sent to the Postmaster-General . If the practice is without authority , that functionary will soon set the matter right . Timothy Davis , Meiwhtb Tidvil . —Phonography will answer the purpose quite well . The principle of the system is correct . The characters are formed so as to represent the different sounds of speech ; and the phonographist therefore can " report" in any language . Of course , with phonography , as with the various systems of stenography , it is hard " practice" that can alone " make perfect . " A Five Years' Sobscribeb , London . — -Yes : for the party contracting the debt is only acting as the agent of the patty whose name is upon the place of business . Communications for the Chartists of Bolton should be addressed to "William WoodheaS , Piekvance , Duncan , street , Bolton . "

      "A Fair Day's Wage for a Fair Dai ' s Work . "Hanley . —At this town ( in the Staffordshire Potteries ) there are , it appears , a number of tailors on strike , lately in the employ of Messrs . Hilljmd Q illman . The ope . ratives , desirous to avoid burdening the society's funds have opened a shop in Lamb-street ( Ilanley ) , where they announce their readiness to execute all orders in their particular line of business . We hope that our friends , the potters , and the public generally , will give their support to these men , and show Messrs , Hill and Gillman that they are determined to uphold the rights of their order , by supporting the tailors in their struggle for justice . The turn-outs announce that they have secured the services of one of the first foremen in tho district to superintend the work , and , if supported , they have no fear but that they will ultimately bring up the price of labour , at the before-named firm , to the average paid by respectable employers in the Potteries

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      RECEIPT * OF C 0 . 0 m . mVB LAND SOCIETY a ^ PER SECRETARY . ""^ TY , FIRST INSTALMENTS , £ s . a . Boulogne ( France ) 0 17 0 Lower Warley n , ' > F . Frankham .. 014 Somers Towa " nit Mr . Oddie , Clitheroe 0 1 i Dewsbury district " ? 8 8 W . Purcell .. .. 014 Blackburn . , , 8 F . Patterson .. 024 Ashton . unde . M . vn . , i 8 Lambeth .. .. 094 Kidderminster' , , ° Preston .. .. # 14 C Liverpool .. " « s Darlaston .. .. 068 Sheffield .. " ? y 8 8 HMUE 8 . " l 0 0 Boulogne ( France ) 0 14 0 Lower Warlo . y i . T . B . C . and Sons * 116 0 Dewsbury distric- * D . Goves . sen . .. 010 Lamteh , per Dm- * 1 ,, * D . Gover , jun . .. 010 l » 0 CARDS AND BCLES . Derby , 12 4 0 Lambeth , vnUs . rt , Do ., 13 rules .. .. 2 2 Secretary , do " ? * Nottingham , do . .. 0 4 Blackburn , do " „ ° Mv . 6 ovor . do 0 6 Stoekport , 24 eiich ' " i 6 Mr . Patterson , do . .. 1 G ' " * 0

      LAND , From Seth Travers 0 ., From John Morgan " „ - t From John Walsh , ' ' ;_ " " ' i From Derby , per Wm . Chandler .. , ' . " „ , ' , * From Bradford , per Joseph Alderson " - > ; ' From Stockport , per Thomas Webb .. ., \] ; . " " ¦ ° Trokab Martin Wheel ™ ' * The £ 1 lfls of T . B . C . and Sons is iiu-tuilod in \ Lambeth £ 4 , but is announced thus for great' -rWItion , they being enrolled in that district . " ac-

      Acctlim T* , Otemes, & Enquests,

      acctlim t * , OTemes , & Enquests ,

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      ' 4 " THE NORTHERN STAR sseifi ==== !! a ^ June 14 , 1845 .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 14, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1319/page/4/