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i iureciiiiiii monies THE LAND.
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¦^r- ¦ 1 .. a I — - „ CHEAP. ELEGANT, AN3 EXI-EDITIOUS i-HIjCTSivG.
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TME NORTHERN- STAK. SATDHDAY, JULY 2G, 1845.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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COMMIT- "i :-. j :: ; s .: f .. ' . -i-, .-f-Ki :. ii . ;!> --a--, « -:: - l ~ - iViu ;; :-. . ..: -- - . ll ! . i . ,.. -- -: i-:: vS . ! iSj ;" . K : VMKi : S geillM : ii :., v- ; ..: : : r . r . Ai I" "'«• ' : : ¦ " t :-:. 1-i « ' ¦ " ^ : vc tlseir -:: > . ; :. - -: i I'TfK . - : r . > . > l i , ('• iua-li-ru-v , Iktluv-. U , ; . -, .- - ..- .-. ' ¦ r . v . i ? v > vV . - . ra"i \ -il : Ii- . »«•' .-KII 5 , M-: a : - ..-.. ;; i ¦ :: .:-. : ¦ iV - > . r : l ,..: i : ;; h < i : i ^ . ^ . ing-ia .-. - ; . ; i- < : -.- ; . ' " .: r > iVii . n xbv v-. rir . rv , conrn ^; . r . --- ' ' .: ..- -. . ¦ -- - ~ . ~ ' - ? ii : T . * : » -K-u I * . I' < j" . * 5 ddivj ;¦ s . a ; .. >• ¦ :.:: ; il . v i ' . G : *( ; . ...: -, .:- ¦ :. I . •¦ \ : - r . " . : ; .., ' 4 , CJ ; ::: c ::-l \> . v , Ucll ^ . ^ -cn ::::: ' -. in . ¦; ;¦ ::-: 5 : ' v ] : ¦ r < v : iJ .
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El- - -- . - . ?;; -- 1 I .: :: ;;• . < , , , „ ,. . ; , Vtl , ., : U J& , :- - ¦' . ¦ i . -ii < y-:: r : r - . .--ly . ll-KZ-l .. U r' ^ ^ po ^ r -. ! - ' ,. " ! . - . ; u i .::. - ii .-nv : "' «• :- ^ : . ; ,: ! ; 1 ^^ " ; ; ¦ "' : " :- .. > : ; =-. -r' - . vir . Sr .--t ou-. ' ? " :. i ,. l , .. ... :. ; .,-- -... ;; . . . ^ jii * ,: -iiir i-irjv * ^ T : ' -s ? :-i ! i ? a « k ... r . ; - . - ^ . .. u . . . . yvlU-v . r ,-. ! J ' : w ii : ' .: ii * bm > , ; w - v-.. - -. r . K .::.: « :,.-: 'ra-: . rf' . r ... r .-5 irr . — " 11 ~ ,:.. j . - . . '•¦ .--.. ; .-: r- - ' i t . " i : ikrc : iiuisr . \ -s :: aaJ ? : iJi HUU ^ - ' ,. .. . . . .. . ; ,. _ . V . ... v . ; ,,, ^ . .,, ;; , j . .... S » h \ r v . - ¦ > -..-: : - .-, i ... ^ . i .. v :.: sJi .. i ; ; , j rtiK . ; .., 1 .. j l . strc *; : —I . -:. ,: - ] . . i . - ; -, , 1 _ . ; i il ..-h \ v ; -i ! .:- ! m-i , S ; r . ., : ,, : Wat ? ; ] ' " ¦ . ' -- "••; .. " I ' . - . - .-r ,- ! ... .- i-r . j- . v :.- »; d : J ] iiooksci ^ rs . Tho i ' - 'li-n-.:- ! -.. i , v ;; . T ; irt | ; V a jgi : s . . ! . T ' - ' ^ i - , ... „> , ; . ; : . .: „ ., ... .. „ , ; Pa ! 1 - = ¦ ¦ -- o c Is lai ,- : ; : • -. ,. » -t . « . . ^ - ^ .. k a > liK , > {„ a ic : l ( rr t- ' . «!¦ ! i ;; ! ¦ : ¦ .. V :-y ,: j 1 : ' :., i ;) . _ .. j ; -, ; ,., , ,., { V . t'J «*; tr ... ... ... . 0 i Uo-iv is u ::. s i-., a :-art-.-r ft . r »» 4 ? TLe < jii « s : iu ! i aasinro . r . - : ::., i-.. i ; u . | j t . . Jir . Ki-uf . jr . J , of Wviv .-i . u-. 0 1 A r- " ! lt -,- > - ? i -v i ^ : i . 2 :, ' s riiarMiti-r foniu-J 5 " liy tht 'Ji-r . .-- ••« H .-.-.: \ r . ll ; wH : i u r ,- ] . ]; . - in tiit ! siciv hy ::.: i . i ^ vai : « -i - ... ... o i "Why < ' . i- i- - ¦ !»• i ' l * - " . ! .: ; . ausarc-r iht question , --1 .- :. h- ! : . . -v .:- f v ietf-T to Uic Ilislst H'T . Fa .. - -i « ..: u ] ; Jic ! : isin «]> of Won-esuv 0 Is Doiatlu j ;" :,- --.., j \ v < , rci-su-r lK-lieve iu Christ ! 0 Ii
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' S ' oYi :.. r . vcrRSIOX TO lilllGHTOX A . VJ » , M : K IX OXE DAY , FOR - " -- » UR SillLUXGS : The i ! Ein -H-s ; , „ , ! nsiEMiS of the CHAUTIST . ? ' ?* " ' \'" !< : N " :-li r » - *«« TI « T CO-01 'EKATIVE LAX ) - S"OC :.- '; - . . »| Rvifu ! K amwum-clatlit ; I ' ubiiciliat they Jure * !¦„> > -.: SiHi-i :, ] Tr .-iiiisfora PLEASUKK TKli ' to tfcv h .-. « . : ;" ., jjkI s . iiibiinus l « imi of J 5 KIG 11 TOX , on Si-. \» av v-vsr siri , 1 S 13 . The Connnittcc hare madt t-virj :. !• ai-. ^ .-iiiMu wifh tiie JJrij ; hton fricnas to render : 1 k- . i .-a ; -i .. ii ; , snily pleasant one . Cliil . lrin under i ; ftc , i , . . ,-.: - naif jqirc . - The Trains will start from fte U-niiimi ; t- l .:.:. ! l < . 3 i Jiriil . sc at a quarter iuist 8 o ' clock prc « aM . 'l . v . ni'in : L > . ; from liri ^ iton at . Seven in the evening , tim ; a : ; ..= vk . . - ii ] m-anls of eight hour * to visit the raviJi-ii ,, Ci-i ., 1-i ^ r . IVvil ' s llvlie , Kemp Town , and the nnm ron ? m : vr aiirac&nisof tillsiilc-isanttown . T 5 ie traii : .. ii ! arrive at Xew Gross at half-past ei « ht oVflocV- vrcciv .-2 i . auii st : tyafe \ v minutes for tV . c friendsiin that 3 urKH !>> . y ; ii . > .. U it will aUo stop at the troj-don Stattc ! i , funk , : r ; -. ! ' . i < in thatnwghhourhood . AH tickets mnst In- i < n , i > .. -. » Friday evening , August 1 st , at the latosi . as tli . < - <>> iiui > r . « x * will not receive tickets ivhieli have not Ih . i-i . ;» f .-i : ! ititlf . ir . T . JL WHEELER , Sccretarv .
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itOHXGTON'S L 1 A E . * 10 XDOX . A > ii MAXCIIESTEK DIKECT IXDEPEX- ^ S- K . VT RAILWAY , WlOi a 6 w » rl a , . - ^ h Vie SUtffortlshirePotteries lo Crcmc . il ! T KwrisJoiialiv rt 5 i-. 1 tn . il . —OiSces of the Company , 29 , a Hoorpa&iUKi . I .-: qi < luii ; lUjjh-street , Bedford ; and st ^ t . ^ unVsqaarc , . Manchester . o j QqataI , £ a , O-. < : vMi ; i | in njiyjoo sharesof £ 50 each . —Deposit , £ 2 15 s . per share . lx ACTl-:-. -. " .. MMlTrEE OF 3 IAS 4 GEHESI . nI t ] i ( vritii yottve to add to Uiu nnuihtrs ) . t Colonel the > l-:. u . j -ck-csterStauuope , AshburnhaniIlouse , L «!< loa . jj Deut .-Gfcuer . j s ; . i ,.- . u Fui'ster Fitzgerald , K . C . l > ., Monta- ti guo-Stjve ; . i ' .: rii : in « - < quare . \\ Henrv . \ ri » , M , « -. « ., Cn « xrter . i , ; John liui ;; e ^ . ! :.-. ; ., 3 o . i- tiuglirt .-cre of Manchester . si JoMiniahCfeili . Gs-i .. l ... nJO : i and Jlaeck-ssieid . p , Hajnr $ < Am Y . •'; yfi , ! it « out . stre » t . London . James Esdsi :-.:. !>•}_ Upjier Itedford-place , London . g ; S . Hanic-r , ? . ?¦ . ! ., . !»• 'Jmural Post-office , and Southampton- g ] row , nu «> -ll-T-i : arf , Ltmdon . Sir John Hait-, l . - ^^ l <; nu-p ! sct ! , London . < fi Biclianl Hjik-. K ^ .. M .-uvlestield . ^ Johu no : iun * . C-i .. Jiaiii-h-.-ster . Lieut . Oi H ,-.-c ;! j-.-.= i , JJ . E ., 1 MI . S ., director of ihe Col- jj legeof CiO Ksiiiiu-vrs . D . T . Jo : i « . s . ' « . > : <• :.. Alilennarj-Churchyard , London . t KiclJ . - . rd J « * nj .- .: , i : u .., Es « j ., Mourgate , Lundou . y * JoLtj Joscjih K .-. u .. Ksq ., St . Jclnrs-wood , London , Si- J rio : t . r o : " tir - * ..: -u . ~ . l Pntriuciai J 5 : ink of Ireland . _ Wiliiaiii Kin ? % :-,. -Htvajnti the Frceuuisons' Life As- ~ / ssraar-d Ci . i-. iWi-. i- . !' * * IF George I'ctfrI . - > iu-. K * q ., the Grove House , St . Cutlibert ' s and Caidtt-i ! i * r- < .-r \ , » -. df . ud . Horace \ T . Xk-: c . -: ir .: - Esq ., U . C . L ., Middle Temple , anil 8 , ^ Cnalha :: i- ;« :.-. t . l . »« : Juiu , Gap '^ siu Uuttsia «> SisuawJ Pultenej , Parliamtnt ^ street , ]( Lynciui :. Ja ^ n . -s Ktsiiir , Kvj . . . i ^ -wt-r Berkeley-street , London . ^ Uajiir Ja » ae > v «"; -. n ,-T . K . U ., $ t . Jaincs ' s-squavc , London . » Heorv WariSU-. Yv \ .. MatcJesfield . , Escinsek * . — - • ir-i-iai lU-nuiv , 1 MI . S ., GeorgeReming- " « ton , lis > i-, C . y . { Kasklbs . —'— ii-i-- ! .. Messrs . Jones , Lloyd , and Co ., lotlihuiv ; > J .- ~ r . T . S . jiiarf , HiiD .-ilalo , aud Co ., Curnhill ; Jlajfdii ' jU-r , il- ¦ --: > .. Jiuies , L : « vd , and Co . ; Xawliester an <( Livvrjuwl l «» ii-U-. Hank ; National Provincial Bank ' of E ' : ) s !~ H < 2 : i . ;• ¦ - % - ••— ' , . Macoiesiield , and Hanley , Mauches : cr iml :.:-m : »> - ! Ifistrict ISank ; Bedford , Thumas Baii :: ird . K ? t ; . * --rs . frapp aud Co . ' SoLiciT' .-s .-. — * . i-s *< s . Sir Gcon ; eStephen aud Ilutchin-3 ( Ki , — - * . j ^ -m . ij : -i--- ~ t- — _ -t-J . * lm Ow * hs , E *» i ., 35 , Moorguv ^ --Slrt-f't . ii . nV ::: * vi .:. > in llojfU'f . Esij .. Bedford ; li . lL Wfls > r ., Er- «| . . ! - -. ; --: r «! r H . 15 . B Ct . bWtt , Eiq ., i ! ar 3-aen-iux-c :, J 1- - -- " , ¦¦> : s . Si . cBET . * .- ' ! - —! : < ary WiHiasies Mat theirs , Esq . Li'Cii . Afii " - ^ - ; > . — ¦ • liiam Arnold , Esq ., Unosettr ; and Mesirj . l m- "t :. »' -: > - ;!• .-. a : w May , Town Clerks , Mnoi-lesfiol- ' :: L .-ic-.-sJ-j . 'U-h Kroirn « nd Palmer , solh-itors ; Asian - -t \ --a— ' : « - "! -. r-: « v , ir « iluniiucr Gretn , Esq . ; Uurtoii'wju-y-Tr- n : - * i-.-- —r- ; . 15 u-p antl isweelin ^ 5 lii-rb ^ r , ILiUlV ill » ic ! . > . " : . _ I .-1 J-. Unrutltr , Tli E iii-itajii--.- . 1 " : i : is Ihio , which is uiidt-r 177 wiles , « i 5 : Ik- ..- . ¦ : ; : ; . ! :- ; .. I in about three and a half boa J , : i » -l ;; " c : r .:--.-T » « -jU V' s )> ared to complete the joanu-y ii : ;! i- > i =- ^ -i .--: > jmss-We siiue . Tins iine -jci ! ' "¦ = ¦ ..-oniiileiady iadependi-nt of other lint- ? , making . : i ..:-K or t «> !» e : naile , and the delay and iiicoavt ; : *! - : ; . -. ¦ ¦ Uei : < ia : il a : i > :- « jii . aj ; es—the caprices Of r 5 ral i- < t : iijtu ; :: ir . ' . t ., wiU iie thus avoided . It will be ~ : ic . Must S- ' xr-iet ; j ! j-. e Spct-dieiit ; ' I iie Mosi Ev « ao : njfal . Ami tlw } - ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦• : — . ' ie-A w . nviiu-i-d tliat ara ' tn ennsifleraritm < ii li-- slwi- ' « . a i ; s iii"ri » s will fatisfv nil . that tUir iriuiuallJ ! :.-- - .: . »• . aVte eagiuevr will be a railway of unii < i :: t : K- ? I ]¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ - » s ; i » : ty , asul l ! ut , if it w : ll i : ei-c-ssar : ly be s ^ t u :: < l .-ri •• : ' . ; : . ' ^ m ^ iiiniJc , at is , :. t tin ; same time , onr < . ' f ]; ovf' :- ¦ " .- , : nttl likdjlo ; nToidTory ijri <; it re-1 IIUiraiK' !! ;•• - ! ... ! V :: t > hitrs . ! jljijilicaiio'i- - i i , j mri's , prosjuctusv-s , ic , to ! 'e ma . h- a ! thi- « -1 : ri- . if ihe Company ; or to the Soliis-vr-s , 2 «< ' : ¦• i !( f-Jhmiuj ; Slian-broki-rs : — Mr . Clui"ie > i _" . i : i ' -t- ; I- - ; . i-s- ' . ii . ia-ivurt . Oid Hroad-sli-eoi ; Messrs . Pietfi-a ^ i K « :. ii > . :-.: " --rnl : il ! , ! . i > : i inn : Messrs . 13 "' . yiiJand aij'i i-i-e . --j . 35 s . i-i .--. v-, ai , d j lr . A . liirckall , Mauchester ; Mr . M- > r *;^ U - . nu : J « , Lirerpool ; Messrs . T . X . Bsrdtrt-il avi ¦¦» . (!¦ ¦?! . > h :- ! "rie i'i ; Messrs . \ Vt- ! llifcl » v { d and Ca ^ Kr . L-cii- . Vr . W'iiliasi Tunkinson , Xev . ecisik--tai * er-I . i-i ! -j ; ii-. : " .. A . Am : ita ?« -, Wakefield ; Messrs . Grrtvjt . ii ; , ; i . ; Far ! -. V « ik ; ilr . TJmnias jknnbuan . l > iai-li-¦ bisr . i : - Mr . * ' li . r »> iiis , jHnisin ^ hani ; 11 r . Francis Sraiiip , 3 i « : i \ ir . : .. " tVeathcrbura , Uuddejslield ; Mr . lli .-i-ap : K . U ; -w . :- , -c ^ saoW : Mr . V , Vj . Cr . jnl ! tiin Halifaa : Mr . i'irj .-. ;? - - ;>• r . crr , Xu"i : uh :: m : Mr . Saiauel Eyre , Uc-iL- . s ; Mr . - :. ;> -- -i . kf « , i . Hit '> : * 'nhani : Mr . . l « se ! 'h Q * rV .. y& . ., ~ - : ' - : ; .-. n ; V- J ^ . hii Unouus li . dlaiid , Cov . r . n ; .. ' . U . »' ::...-. ai Mason , iiraiiiWd . Yovlisiiire ; M ' . i-r ^ -. " . iit : . - . -.-: » j- . t'r , l ^ -iewiiT ; Mt-s > r * . Tate aud ? C . i-:.. ;' - - ; r .-v : it ' . -Vj . iiaji ! iiiit ? . Wmftsterrilr . Xieol-S"u , Eaiiiinr-i . r ' ¦ .-.-i V . A . ViSiii , Giaagutr ; ami Mr . Apl-iftTiK-. i : - - " r . ircs n « u > t be made in the usual for :: ; , a ; ,. ; r . i-. - ay : ¦ -a li _ v ; i reK-relies to t ! i ? ?• ' ilifitors ot ^ Jit- « ¦ 1 : ;; .-3 :. « , •? .. . - > iisrcbr <> ni-rs , tir rouse other ri >;> -. inai : 1- j-r > = ti . g s of nn the by tra in fift g g t cel to W — pu t " . '¦ i i - '
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L iJCiiiffiTuyS USE . "'" . ' . '" ' j : 'X < lir . 5 TS 3 { B 1 HECT H-rriEPEX 3- « .: ^ i :. . = i . V . ' \ V wish a t } nn « : h Min . usJi llseSlalfo ; ;„ -::.. •' ..- .. ; :., ; . »>_•«¦ .. —Xuliee i > il-iif . y y-vvn , Cis : ! ,-. '^ ii ! ... - . 3 a ;; ,. . .,- , ; ,..- sl ! : iri-= in : i ! .- / i ti-eive . l aJx-rti ! -- - .-. »• .-. .. ; _ ¦ ^ !; : u :. itx ^ , ; fi-, i : ;] i ; in ; i ; s-,. i-: ii : y UK .-r - ¦ ¦< : , .-.-.- .,: ¦ ., . iicjjju ;!; :: m ? l be « : a : ! e w : o : Ixiv ^ ti : i- " ..-t > : i ::-i . :. ii ; IU'lf-r , uSXUY W . MATTHEWS . 5 a-. |
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AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , IK ! , Watwluo-road , Lirei-pool . rftllE ^ -. iWcribers tMiiti ' . - . u ) to dtspuMi first-class i . Piitke-. s to XEW Y 01 JK . BOSTON . Ql ^ KBKC , MOSTUEAL , PHILADELPUIA , XEW 01 U . EAXS , and ' ST JOHX ' S , >' . !! . T ! ioy arc also Agents for tho Keir Line of Xew York j Parkcif , coiiipri ^ iiij , ' the follonin ^ magiiilieent sliijis : — Tons . To Sail . Qrscx of the Wr . sT 1230 Gtl ; July . liuCUS ^ TKK 7 ... Itilij Cr . h AujJUSt . i : « TTIS « lT . a 1150 Cth Stii ' itembcr . LivEarcuL lliiO Cth October . Who have also , For Sew York St . Patrick 1150 tons . .. , RtpuWic 1100 „ ., ., Empire liOO „ „ „ Si . isVield lona „ „ l ' ioKU « a l . una 1000 „ „ Pi : iladelphia Octavius 1 ) 00 „ „ Xew Orlcjui ? Uco . Sievens 80 'J „ , Tlws . ll . lV-1-Miss ... 1000 „ IV . ssOTiyws going to tlic Western States and Canada can Snow tin- ac-tu . il <» : 1 ] .-iy to re .-idi any Important point on tiie Lskt-sauu 1 'irers hy ohtaining one ot'Tapscott ' s Eiaipant ' s'f nirt-liiii ^ Oiiidvs , which can he hail hy tendinj ; 3 'ostasv stamps jbvihcsanse to Georgt Elpjard and Son , nn . i WiUian : Tajifcott . as above .
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XOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . i % jjW $ P % * S ?!? 'ix £ 3 s $ rpliE I ' li- ^ -rc ^ iipd r « : ! - . i : use to t-: j ? age P : isse ! : £ ers for ! JL First-Cbfs r : ist-Sa : lisi s A ^ KJtlCAX PACKET i Sllii ' . S . v . iiK'h arci-a » c iivr . i 100 U U , lOuo Tons , for the lol- ' . owitis Pon * . vi / .. - . — NEW TCltK . | 15 OST 0 V ; p ! iii . AjiKL ! 'niA , | : ;> nv oiilsaxs , : UALT 1 MOU 15 , | EiUTISH AMERICA , &c . Siniiirams i : ; the cuntr . v >•;• .. " en ^ a ^ e jias-iige bv letter niViresrcd a > s : n ; t-rr . « : tii : in v . ii ., -ii i-. - e they need not he ' . m 1 j-.-wjiocl ust'd tiie O .: ty V .. ? V > , x- t ? : c .-fliijiis ty < . ; ,-l ; ami tk « v w : H -Jivjfh y avwd 'ktttuwn and other cxjienses , b »? iilis , " t v .-:.-ii . ;; a -- /( Oifji' . ' . )^ . - >' . ' ; . v . ajii ! havinsr the bc < t ria-t ) : s an-rfiiis tu thifsn iievior . V to liseir ; ii « t-, al . \' vr ' . Ui- ? - - > KfiCKETT i SON . I i Sonl : Vn-A i ' rlnte ' s Wvk , Liverpool . 1 !
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i [ *' ^ il ! T a st o j lx nI t ] i t ti \\ i , ; si p , g ; g ] < fi ^ jj t * J _ ~ / !' , ]( ^ » , " « { ! ' ' ¦ - ; - A UOOK FOR THE MILLION ! I !> Suw i > al » lis !> iiig , to is cnrcplcud in sixty unmuers , at i v Out lVnny , j . A . NEW AXiJ Ul-ECAST 1 'EUIOIHCAL , \" CoilSif ! ili ! T of :, isti !< -- ! l dos-.-lv-jinntnl jwjres , lliiuble-crowii , aad t-ui ! , L-lii . > lK-. i « iili st-vi-Ml si : pt .-rb Engravings hy ! L ; iii < kl ! s am ! oth ; rs , euiiiled * " T ALES or SHIPWRECKS , AX !) ADVEN'TUBES I AT : « KA , co-. itainins talented slcetches of the sea ! j , nu . i sesinzu . - . r . iu rrntliful liarralives of shipwrecks , fires , | iin : tinies , famines , and every danger of this life of peril , r < suli-iins it tiie liam-soniesi . bluest , and best penny , worth ever oliered lo ihe j . ubiie . Parts 1 and 1 , now ready , containing up « : u-. l . s of thirty fine enjpntvings , and one liuudrctl and fovly pages of letter-press , price sixpence t-ac-h . The People ' s Edition of the complete works of II . Eugene Sue . Parts 1 to 7 mnv ready , price sixpence each . Kow rea . ly , price two jliillfngs and sixpence , heiiutifully printed , in deiiiy octavo , on fine paper , aud illustrated with twenty-two engravings , containing four hundred j-: i ! jes , ov eight hundred cuIuidms , closely printed letterpress , the l \ M | ik ' s EiVition of tho Mjsterioi of Paris , by M . Eusvne Sue , Ijl-Iiik the only peifoet translation extant , fiom llie last Paris edition , revised hy the author , with explanatory notes liy the trauslalor . ' the production of which has cost the proprietor upwards of one thousand pounds . Numbers 1 to 5 of The Wandering Jew arc now readv , price three halfpence each . To be completed in twentyfour numbers . Order " The People ' s Edition . " People ' s Edition of Cooper ' s Novels . Each Novel , containing twenty engravings , complete for one shilling , and comprise the following : — Parti . The Pilot . Part 5 . 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Just published , in one volume , octavo , handsomel y bound , price live shillings , with nearly seventy engravings , nn entirely new edition , revised , an 4 nearly rewritten , of the popular Romance of Dicfc Turpin , the Highwayman , by Henry 1 ) . Miles . In one volume , neatly bound , price five shillings , a new Historical Romance , by a highly popular writer , illustrated with fine engravings , founded ou fact , entitled WiU Watch ; A Tale of Ihe Coast . This highly interesting work is founded on popular facts , and abounds with scenes and incidents of the most thrilling description , portmjeu in a bold smd masterly style , Ih o : ie volant , price three shillings and sixpence , with fifty engravings , The Tales of Pirates ; or , Lives of Smugglers , 4 c ., &c , in all parts ofthe globe . 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!> v . " s I j , CHEAPEST PERIODICAL IN THE WORLD . THE WELCOME GUEST OF EVERY HOME . THE FAMILY HERALD is not onl y the cheapest lrot the most amusing literary miscellany ever published . It consists of interesting Tales ; extraordinary Adven- ! ventures ; wonderful Narratives ; remarkable Events ;] moral , familiar , nml historical Essays : select Pot-trv ¦ in- ' struelive JJioarapbtos ; comic Sketches ' ; amusing Allc- ' ¦ gories ; the wisest Sayings of the wisest Men ; iinporlant l ' acis ; useful Advice for Self-improvemen t ; Siiluiary ! Cautious ; scientific Wseoveries ; Xcw Invuilioiis : Hints to Housekeepers ; practical Utc ' mi s ; diverting Sports nml ; Pastimes ; ingenious Puzzli-s and Kiddies ; facetious Say- j ings ; humorous Jokes , ic , ullording agreeable aud ; harmless recraition for all the members of a family , i Wisdom and clicerfulnc-ss , mirth and propriety , are here > pleasingly blended together in a manner ruver Jiillii-rto j attempted ; ami , while morality is inculcated with tlio attractive case of faniunr conversation with an old friend , useful lessons tire taught without the aid cither of austerity or a stem countenar . ee . This wonderfully chwip Supplement to every Nuwsjiiiji ' . v is adapted for all classes , tastes , and ages—grave or gay , rich or poor . It contains something of everything—Facts and PhilosojAiy for Gentlemen , Hints aiulEntcrtaintucv . ts fur Lsxdtes , ( luesti « ms : vm \ l ' robli-ms for Youth . A , pubiictvtion coiiiliiiiing knowledge with gladness has long been wuntcd ; and as a proof of thu great populaiity of the Family . IIkkald , it has , in a very few montlis , U-eoniu a general favourite and tiie most extensively cirenlated of thu English Periodicals , having met \\ U » a hearty welcome in every nook of thu empire—bcinit eijuallj encouraged in the Mansion , the Cottage , the Play-ground , and the Workshop . No polities—no party spirit—no controversy—no personalities—no ribaldry . Sold in Wiekly Numbers at Ose ViixNV , in Jloiithly Parts at SisrcscE , and in Yearly Volumes . May bo had by order of every . Hooks files" and Dealer iu Periodicals . Vol . II ., just published , price only 7 s . ( Ul ., is : thu only English Periodical that contains all thsit hasyei appeaved in Paris of Eugene Sue ' s wonderful romaueu of the lliiiiikviihj Jen ; and upwards of a hundred other hi ghly-interesting Tales . The H '<( iKto % Jav appears in Parts l " i to 27 , stitched in n-.-at covers , price \ is . « d . ; or in i \ umbers ( US to 117 ) , pvi « e ys . \ uibv » vi * . it . l . A t-onttuiporai-y , in reviewing tliis popular periodical , says : "It is certainly a very well-selected miscellany of most entertaining mid instructive reuiliug . Wu warmly rcc . mmiend the J- \ imili / JbniUL It is—what we can say of so fon- of the cheap periodicals uow-a-dnys—it is a stye book to admit within the sacred precincts of the family ircle . " Part 25 , being the first of a Xew Volume , was published iu June . The present is a favourable opportunity . to commence . The Public-arc earnestly solicited to THY A SIX OLE XUM 11 EU . London : Published by G . Eiggs , 121 , Strand , and may be had of all lioolcsellers .
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RICHARDSON , MANUFACTU 11 ING CUTLE 11 , KSTAltUSllKD 1 S 05 , Near the Church , Kensington . p ARDEJfEKS'l ' runing , Gnitting , aiiil Uudilhig Knives vS" in Sheath , Is . « d . each ; sliitt ditto , 8 s . cauli . " These knives ava made of tliu best materials ; I always use them . "—Vide the late Win . t ' obbett in his English Gardener . Best made Kazors , Black Handles , Ss . the case , or 8 s . each ; mounted iu Ivory and Silver ditto , 10 ° . the ease , or 5 s . each j Good lilack Handled Knive 3 and Forks , 12 s . per Dozen ; Ivory Handled Ditto equally reasonable . iticHittDSON ' s ffEWLTi-iNVESTED KsiEE 15 o . \ itDS , warranted to keep knives with a good edge and clean , and also to-give the forks a h ' uc polish between the prongs . Three-foot Boards , cased with Leather and Cutlers' Composition , as . ( id . each ; Gardeners' Ditto , 2 s . 13 y enclosing a Post-office order prompt attention may be relied on . Goods sent to auy part of the world . N . B . Wholesale aud Retail .
I Iureciiiiiii Monies The Land.
i iureciiiiiii monies THE LAND .
uiTeoj . au payaiuc 10 me , as treasurer to the Chartist Co-operative Luuil Fund , must be transmitted as follows : —Either by Lank order oi- Post-ofHcc order , to the " care of Foargus O'Connor , Ego ,., § 40 Strand , London ; " aud payable to «»« , " \ V . P . Roberts . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each order . - This direction is plain . For instance , say ' that Edward Ilubson ,. of Ashton , has £ 10 to transmit ; Is * is to transmit the same to Jlr . O'Connor , by Bank letter or Post-office order , made payable to W . V . Roberts That order I can sign , when I go to London , or when a parcel of them arc sent to me . The two only things required to secure tlio triumph of Labour ' s buttle arc , union among the working classes , and undeviating
honesty anil punctuality ou the part of those who have the management of their affairs . I therefore : > dopt [ this plan , that we may have upon each other as many salutary checks as possible . This is advisable , as much for our own mutual satisfaction , as for the satisfaction of the subscribers . I therefore request that these plain and simple instructions may be punctually attended to in all cases . To save additional postaije , each letter containing a money order , may also contain a list of the respective stuns , and all other information necessary for tilt ! Kunuwil secretary , Mr . Wheeler , to have ; which letter Mr . O'Connor will duly forward to him . This done , there can be no nuzzle about the accounts .
W . P . RouiiKTS , Treasurer . All orders should bo made payable at ISO ; Strand , Leadon . —W . P . It . fThe above mode has been adopted at my suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I have had , owing to some parties sending me Post-office orders payable to my order ; and some to Mr . Roberts' order . 01 > - seivanco of the above very simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction , and protection . There is a difficulty at the branch Post-offices about getting monies , when the orders are not signed by the persons to whom they arc made payable . Fkargus O'CosNon . l
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EAltL GREY : MANNERS SUTTON : AND GENERAL JACKSON .
w e ucg to direct attention to the Memoir that appears in another portion of this sheet , of the " Ikforming Minister , " who insolently avowed his determination to " stick by his order " when he wished to curb the democratic spirit , of which he had professed himself to be a " leader . " That Memoir will wel
repay perusal ; particularl y the lucid and racy review of his acts as Minister , made by one well able to judge , and as well able to speak , The young Reformers of the present day will learn something from that sketch , of the nature of the times through which their elder brethren have had to pass , and o * the diHiculties and dangers that beset their path-They will also learn something of the character of the man in whom the nation once reposed confidence fcr a thorough Reform of the Commons House ; and learn also not to trust tllC llt ' . Tt JiV / Onit llltO tllO hands of ainy one man , or any one set of men , that can be got together . The- next Reform , must be the people ' s own .
bince Lakl Giiey was " gathered to his fathers , another important actor in the stirring events of British history , — "Green bags , " " Six Acts , " " Queen Caroline , " "Currency Laws , " " Emancipation , " and " Reform , "—has slipped off the stage ot existence . We mean Maxxkus Sutto . v , late Speaker of the House of Commons , but latel y siikj . vkd in the House of Lords , under the title of Viscount Casteubuuy . lie was seized with a lit of apoplexy
when travelling on the Great Western Railway on Sunday morning , and died on Monday aftCl'llOOll , having never spoken from the time he was found in the railway carriage to the time he ceased to breathe . We had intended to give a n otice of this man ' s career , as a sort of memory-jogger of the acts against public liberty to which , as Spkakeii , he was party ; but we find ourselves compelled to reserve it till another occasion .
In an article , on Earl Grey ' s character as a Peer and as a Minister , the Globe of Monday has the iblowing : — "Almost contemporaneous with Lord Grev ' s has been the tease of the famous General Jackson—tk- representative of a later and wow school of statesmanshi p than that of the Minister of Reform . . \ Vc do iiot for a moment disguise our Impo that the aristocratical element in English institutions —however modillcil—however purified , or recruited —will survive to chock the exaltation of more - momentary popular will as the sole power of "ovci'lliiient—that exaltation which Andrew Jackson tVul Ins pare to accelerate and consummate precisely bv the same means and stages as we lind it was done in the common wealths of antinuitr .
The strongest si gn of the progress of " ochlocracy " in the Greek commonwealths , was the nuiliiiiliea tion , and , as it wore , public scramble tor pettv ofin-cs , and the adoption of a system of rotation in stead of election , and of rapid succession in tWe oiiiccs intended to gratify the universal thirst for -in actual snare i ? pmver This idea of rutaiion In * been put ionh in the late Genera ! Jackson ' s Mi " « . ! T precisely lrom the Name mniive as m-or > X ? if ( though he probably ki . uw lynibinsr about fi , 1 ' Mates of Greece . Ami Gwiernl Jackson caii o fc ml . i actm . h . mtice tiie wmc principle , mS « u consisted m makiiw all ulnccs t \ m J \ . L ,. ** ' * eratincationoftlieluuuble . t ambiau ^ tcarr ;!!;
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^ ja ^^ M ' ywa-ww—m———¦ jmeoar— ¦ ' ¦' " farther than ever had bc « u tlonc bel ' orc him , o » attaining power / a clean sweep oi ' every holder of ijven the lowest public olHcc . In like manner the downward movement of democracy in the several States has tended to abridge the duration , and change the holders , even of judicial oflices . Wo sh .-ill be quite content to contrast Ibe character . iml acts of Axdiikw Jacksox , tho sturdy democrat of Republican . America , with the character anil ads of the proud , aristocratic , " unbending" Eaki . Giskv ; and to this end we shall , next week , give the reader sonic idea of who and . what Axnniiw Jacksos was ,
ami what he did ! o save ids country from the English aristocrats and the jobbing Jews : and also some few other facts , in addition to those we publish this day , to let the younsj reader know the true character of the JiAiii , " Is'Ei'OTIST" whom the Glohsoardently admires . For once we will have real patriotism , manly independence , and true genius , —both military ami statcsman-likc , —in contrast with truculcnce , perfidy , and a hungry < tm * pwj at public money , combined with a total disregard of tUc interests ol' the nation . If tlio Globe had boon wise , ho would siol have provoked the exhibition .
BKSEFICIAL EFFECTS OF "SECURE TEiNURK . " TniiitE is no question that lias , of Inte , made such rapid progress in the public mind , as that of the app lication of labour to the s-oil , as a niemis of relieving tUc " labour-market" of the " suxpUia" almost constantly struggling there for a "SHARE" of the " fund" wherewith Capitalists set Labsur to work . Ii is true that the question , in one shape or other , has been before the jniblic for a long period of time but it is only of late years , when the operation of our currency crotchets and the effects of machinery
made it necessary for v . a to look out t ' m otliev modes of employing the labour of our people , that site only mode which can never be superseded or rci « lered vahuless has been entertained by those who avragate to themselves the title of '' the World ' s governors ' , " More tlian fifty years ago Thomas Spbxce prcuuilgated his Agrarian theory that "the land is the people ' s farm ; " and proposed that the nation should resume national possession , that the people might become 2 > oismors of such amounts as they could respectively cultivate , under a commonwealth Government . Thomas Pai . ne too , about the same time ,.
wrote his "Agrarian Justice . " ' Roreot Owes , from the first day o ? his appearance in public with plans for the amelioration of social evils to the present hour , has always made the ]) ossession of the soil the groundwork on which to build his " new structure of society ; " nnef William CoiiuKTr , the great teacher of political truths for a half csntnry , was enthusiastically attached t& the land , always preaching up the system of Small' Farms as alone conducive to a nation ' s greatness and security , and directing tho whole force of his- bitter scorn and scathing satire against the largc-firnn-bnll-frog svstem , which
Paperrnoiwr had erected on tho ruins of that mode of occupation of which England had reason to be proud , because it promoted real substantial freedom and happiness . All these authors and teachers , laid down and maintained the general principle that the-application of a large amount of the labour of it people to the soil of then country , would secure the greatest amount of riches to each individual member — Pil- • ^ at . — .
* oi Hie community , an \ i render tneaggregate independent and free of all other people ; ami the tw&Mter , Owen and Cobbett ; exhibited in detail the modes ol using the soil when in possession , so as to yield the
best return for the-labour and capital expended ' on it . Cobbbtt , it is well known , did much to improTC both Agricultural and Horticultural sciences . To him we mainly owe the successful cultivation of the Swede Turnip . He was also the introducer of many plants , slvrnbs , roots , and trees , now in eonstant growth jaml helms left behind him instructions , — plain , simple , and' understandable , —for the management of gardens , of woodlands , and of small allotments , which will' hold a place as long as the language lasts . When he first published his Cottage Economy , wherein he gave instructions how a
labourer might maintain a eow out of a very small garden , he was laughed at , sneered at , abused : still the work was there—is there still ; an < T ?« w we find that scores hare proved the full practicality of all he proposed . Mr . Owes lias also always advocated Spade Husbandry , as t ? ie most profitable mode of cultivation . He has not only advocated this mode , but shown its superiority in practice , in the experiments of Fali , a and others . For now just upon thirty years has this Reformer boon dinging into the cars of the public tha-i ; tho mode of culture at present pursued is most wasteful and unprofitable , compared
with that which , while it . returned an immensely greater aggregate of wealth , would also employ that portion of the population which our "high state of civilisation" has doomed to unwilling idleness . We certainly are not entitled to say that these teachinsrs were in vain : for we behold the effect of them at the present day IX the improved MIND OF THE COUNTRY , particularly on this very subject of tho allocation of the soil . Solomon has said : " Cast thy bread on the waters , and it shall bo seen after many days . " In teaching a nation , this is always so . A people cannot be moved like a few
individuals . A stone thrown into a pond may cause a violent commotion of the placid surl ' aco where it drops ; and it will even agitate the whole body of water to its utmost verge ; but the undulations , its they recede from tho centre of turmoil , become " small by degrees and beautifully less , " until they are scarcely peix-cptiblc at all . So with society . The words of wisdom have to bo iterated , and reiterated again , and again , and ; again to that , times without number : but as " constant dropping wears away stone , " so a constant enforcement of a truth forces it on the attention of one , and then of another , until in the end society as a whole receives and adopts that which , when first enunciated , was met with general denunciation and scorn . Thus lias it ,
been with the general teachings of the parties we have named . Those tcachsngs have been " bread easton the waters ; " and we of the present day " see " them . The general ideas so long inculcated have seized hold ofthe public mind ; have become reflected therein . The Reformers of tho present day , therefore , who make the general occupancy of the soil the basis of their remedial measures for social evils , have comparatively an easy task . The general principle is grounded to their hands : they have but to apply proper and harmonious details , and the result of the labours of those Reformers who have gone from oil' the stage of existence , and those who now occupy thuir place , will be exhibited in successful practice .
Wo mean not to contend that the conviction—that such a direction of capital and the energies of the producers as that contemplated by the Land-lleformcrs would bo nationally beneficial—has become universal . On the contrary , we have bitter reason to know that such is not the fact . The virulent opposition which the proposal , even now in the advanced state of the public mind in regard to the question , receives at the hands of the envious , the ignorant , and the intcreited , is proof that unanimity does not exist . There are a class , of oppositionists who will denounce anything and everything with which parties to whom they have pertonal diMke arc connected . Another set arc so envious of every ' body ' s success before the public , that they cannot
allord to examine the merits of any plan of operations that may be proposed—but condemn all wholesale plan , projectors , adopters , and advocates . To these have to be added those who fancy that their own position , either socially or pecuniarily , would be deteriorated by placing the mass of the people in a situation of comfort and enjoyment . Those three classes of objectors have to ' bo contended with . To attempt to reas on with them , would be throwing your cap against the wind . -What argument would avail with the first ? Could you hope to nwko tlit . su who allow slicii- ownjw ,- ,, «{ j . » w , , „ uitluciicc weir public conduct , to the rejection of en . Lire mcnsiii-os because certain individuals are coriwctc . 1 therewith ; coukhou hope to make fe ] fe . ten to reason i Preposterous ! Could pu iiy , 0 l 0
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succeed better with the envious class ? with , the [ . oov crc : iture 3 who arc utterly unable to make their way in the world—but who , stung to madness at the consciousness of their own inferiority , are yet filled with " envv malice , and all uncharitableness" even to bursting ? Would the most logical propositions that aver- were feiiowl liavo effect on . the uinlorstaiiilinir or conduct of these men ? Nothing of the soit Samcliko with tin iutcrttted . With these too , it is a matter affecting- * ' > liltter of t fcar llmt thch > bul ' " froagciincss will be reduced in size , by the
enlargement of the store of tlic . labourer . To all these , argument would be thrown , urn ., 1-, ^ ut then ther e is also another elass-those who ju'o well-disposed as things go , but who have not hai ! opportunities of informing themselves of the real object of the Laml-Reformors , nor the mode of operation * they propose . This class is open to reason . Argumciii ' , when addressed to these , is not out of place . iV ; iy indeed it is necessary . The cunning and the crafty of the /» - tcrest&l oppositionist ? , know this very well : am . " well do they ply tiie weapons of their craft to noi ^ on Lheir minds . Talk of the benefits thai must ac
crue from a large number of small holdings , wider circumstance !) that mutt cause labour to k well applied , and that cannot fail of securing a mors thai ! adequate return ; show how this can be easily , cheaply , and immediately accomplished , and thu crafty will bid you "/ oo / j to Ireland , and skk tiik EFJ'K'JTS OF SMALT , HOUHXCS AND SUliiilVIDlXCiS TJJEl'Ji ! " And with the uninformed and the unrcfk-ctjijg thisisan answer . They know that holdings there- are small ; and they know also that with ssch sniiill holdings there exists a rfatc of things more unendurable- than the condition of nine-tenths of the
barbarous- savages of the fovsst and the desert Without tasking JWtlier ; wiskout diving beneath tho surface thus presented ; wiihoiit waiting to inquire whetkiii this horrible state- of things be a consequence of the great subdivision sf land that there obtains , or whether it be not the effect of other causes which C 9 iild . easily be got rid sf ,. without " adding house to houitti and field to field" for one man ; without waiting to do this , the supsrlxial and the unreflecting coneUule their minds against tho proposed Small Farm- System here , pers-amling themselves that the pla « , if ackd on could ; only make bad worse . And thus is- ths cause of iho interested served !
Jht * instance ofwW lias become-ono of tho stock-arguments of ihe League opposers ofthe Land project . It was first used by thsso very kind '' friends aiul lathers of the pool' ; " ami iSs use is almost exclusively confined to thciav Stilt with them it is ready at every turn . It will therefore bo well to Ulunt the ed ' jeoftt , by not only expos-ing its fallaciousness , as applisable to the proposed mode af allocation on the soil—but sslso by adducing a foil example of tho work-ing of tho proposal ! principle where aw entire population ave placed throwjh ite operation in sti-cumstancet-far superior to those of any other popvlutioii in ilia whole world ! This , we shall iust now do .
Ireland is no " example" ' at all . The rega ' sitcs we ask for are- not there . The first ,, the maihonc we seek ,, as the inducement to > labouv and improve , meat , " nxmrs of tkxuiie , " is wholly-absent fa . tlio case of the small landholders of that country . 'JBhey arc there mcxe " tenants-at-will ; " holding on from year to year only from the fear that " -wild retributive justice '" will avenge with , death ihc attempt to " clear" them off .. In , addition . 'to this ; there is the accursed system of " middlemen"' ami "" subletting / ' The absentee landlord , caring nothing Sav the management ef "his "' estates , provided that he gets the means
of spending lVom thorn ,, "lots" to a heartless bcutalised " middleman ,. " who treats the tenantry UNDUE Wai to every exaction , that the- wit of sordid cupidity can . devise . And this case ; this-scandaleus and unmatchable case ; this crying disgrace of both government and people ; . this instance of ihu most gross abuse of the " rights of property" that the world ever saw :. tW * case ,. is adduced by the League opp&sers of the Land plan ,, as' a sample of the condition to which the promoters of that plan seek to reduce the people of Englaad !; Was therr ever such an instance of glaring imposition ? Wt ask for such an allocation of the soil ,, that each ibat chooses can apply his whole labour to as much oi' it .
and no more , as he can well cultivate ; . we ask that full aud entire possession of that amount of knd shall bo ceded to biia ; wo ask for a tenure tli . it shall make IT HIS fear his lifetime , and his child ' s or children ' s after him ; wo ask that he may be secure of posse : sion , and thus have every inducement to work aud improve * knowing that what he is doing is for himself , and not for others ; we ask for such arrangements as shall enable him to knjoy the fruits of his own industry— - m \ A we arc put off by a reference to tho condition of the Irish mud-hovel in-dwellers , where none of the conditions we seek are to be found , beyond the bare possession for the time being ol a portion of the soil whereon to grow wealth for others !
llius we show that tho case of Ireland is not applicable to our case . Indeed wo advocate our own plan no less as a remedy for the infernal evils of subletting and want of tenure in Ireland , than for the improvement in the condition of our own population . And now we proceed to show what effect a general application of the principles we enforce has had on the condition of a whole people . We know the advantage of a . good " CRY : " so do tho League opposers of the Land plan . " Ireland" has become their " cry , " against Small Farms : wo will now iuvnisli- o « e that will make every uttcrcr of thai " cry" blush crimson when ho is told of it . It will be for the advocates of the Land plan to take care that they remain no longer in ignorance of the facts now adduced .
Tiie " case" that we arc about to quote , is not that of a people of a very distant country . We shall not send the inquirer to Chitia , or Timimctoo , to ( liul out whether Vnat we say bo true or not Nor shall we send him on to the continent ofEuropo no nor even so fav as Ireland . It is to a British Isle ; to a portion of our own dominions , within a short distance of every portion of our own shores that we shall direct attention . '
'lhc ground work of tho article we arc about to quote , was contained in two papers published in ' / cat ' s ilfo . jar . nifl for February and April , 1839 , by an inhabitant of the Isle in question . From those papers an article wns prepared for Chamb'rs ' s Jouma of the 6 th of April , 1830 ; and it is to the facts contained m that article that we are about to appeal . The writer in Chambers ' s opens thus : — SJXUC 1 . au M 01 > B OF TESAST 1 . no I . AS 1 ) IX OUKKNSKY . 1 * 1 1 I it / - ----- ........ ,,, \ . l U Ijll . liJH J f
uv , ! J ? i m ? l G ue ™»»>; . situated on tho coast of Fiance , but belonging to Groat Britain , has a suraco ol twent y-lour square miles , or 15 , 300 acres , two-thirds of winch only are capable of cultivation , and " , «»» 24 . 810 of population , BEINt AT TO T 11 F SOU VlWlFA ™ ° > ° USAKD :,,, }¦ y , iy ™ h )\ U ' - or mom than three times themuo ojLclgnon , w ! uclns usually reprrs ented as the most densely peopled country in the ivorld . Makiii- ' every allowance for a busy town , which draws support ron . commerce and Iron , fishing , and coutaius ffi wlsabitml houses , the population of Gui- ™™ , „ ,
small p . eee of agricultural territory , must still bL considered as a singular phenon , ononL ; ot " 'J , £ it is well worth while to inquire into the eaus « wnter , resident in the island , has an SKti ,,.. paper on tins subject in a late number of ^ T " K F 1 f l >« vgl » Magazine , from which it would appear ihnZ che } t not sole cause of the extraordinll , populous venot therurapnrt of Guernsey , is a mode i / l ! , l ^^ iS ^ SS' ^ ^ tWni . HUJodiff ^ t fr «« iC
nW pSS Cuernsev is ot many centuries ' sfcmdiii » l "ell , here is something startling toVin with- « population of a thousand to the square mile' We heir a treat cry kre about ' surplus population ; " about Javing too many mouths for the food we have •' Rehear this on every hand , in this comparatively «'' populated country : ami if these cries be true , prav m whatphght must the Islanders of Guernsey be ? I 'ore they are , stuck all of a heap , being THREE 1 iMhb move on the same extent of surface than U
Sivcn for the « mwt de nsely populated comitrv hi tho world' ! Having noted the fact , that " this astounding number are there , let us Kext sec w ^ jet on : But firet of tkir wok of luttiiv laud :- '
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.. . ^; - ~—— - _ __ ~ __ - ^ Jjmtt _*^'' 11111 The letting of lawl bv a landlord to a tcn-. ni \ ~ ^^ kno wn in this island . When a proin-iutor M . r « Ulu mM depute tho cultivation of his ground , or as ? 1111 goes in Ci ucriisey , to give it to rent , hc sulj ' ,,. ; , '' ( ' ^« ^ ffl secies of sale , or what , at Uast , would IJC ( .,,,. ] lQ » ^ S ,, ' s a . sale in this couniry . All laud is 0 I , I ' ! 1 ' ! Ill divided into lots called marters , a wfi" * MM valent to twenty pounds of Guernsey cuiTeiicv s' " ' WM nosa that A possossas land to the value oi " tw elve l '" '" ^^ M tlreil pounds , or sixty quartei-s , ami wi *!^ ,, , . i : """ ^ m § & of it to 15 , he conveys it , to that individual , eWiS , !* ' ^ out receiving any cash , or rccuivi ; - ^ ( wliieh i < tin .. „ r . ! ' $ 11 common case ) one-fourth ef the value in | w y i . ' " ' . | ^ cash has been paid , A receives interest atiiv ,., ' ' MM cent , for the whole £ 2 W ; n .-uncly , &m J * » annum , which may be considered as the rent 0 !' v ^^^ a fourth of the piiivhaa ' -innney had h vm ailva ' i-fo ! '' ^ S he receives only £ io , lieing tlic interest of the ' , ! ' ^ ' ^ P ^^^ L .. ^ > * W
„ itn . i . 111 ivitrili 1 f Ci hi Iff ti'itll tli . i 1111 nr . lv .. n ... , i i ... I " 1 ' * 4 l SSfH " Lion allowed to rest with the purchaser . " Tin .,. " lip son , " says our authority , " why it is usual t « £ ' . -Wk ( Hic-fourth part of the piireluvse money in c ^ ' ] : : f ||| that such payment may be some guarantee to A tj , * ; Mm \ i will iiiithfiilly woi'l ; tiie estale , find \ K \ y \ il ,. ' ^ viffl i-egularly ; fur , should tho rent fall in arirar , ihi-n \ ^ by a process calli'd naisie , may totally eject I . | ' -, i ,. ' WS tiie properly , and ihe three hundred ' pounds \ kw \ ' £ . Wk U wlien the contraet was passed woulil be lost \»\\ m , ] P ^ for ever , in this manner , then , is the si-ller or i ;| . (| , i ^ lord secured in the receipt of the equivalent i ' oj J §?> which he has parted with t ! : e estate . * $ &
" As soon as the contract , between tho parties j s W ' , . executed , 0 , becomes , to nil intents and pm-peses , : l !) . < v f . ]( , lute proiii-ietor of the soil ; ami so long a . s lie ] . iVS V' ^ 'V Isis ijuarters , he never can be evicted ; nay , moiv , j 10 ^ 5-can 1 , "" timber , convert meadow into arable , ami aia " . ^ r * ble int '• ' meailuw , arid perform any and cvciy act t | iat ^ * it tciwuii in fte-simple can do in lingland . The i > - *¦ £ ,. t .-jte , thus . - aequircd , descends lo the heirs of ihe \ i \\\\ ^ , ehs . soi , ant ' , ( l' > failure ofdircet issue , to his i : e ; ni « , { v \ of kin . Sei netiincs these annual quarters are made ^ , - ¦ [ jensanenf , . but most licqucu ; jy they are redcenmly . u " f / by certain iiis . ' alments , as the buyer and seller iti ; t y have agreed . " * ' '
The ileseent 0 / these tenant-properties , as we ma ? ' call them , is m ; t i t '^ ulated l-y the law of priniojri .-nl-( lire ; neither k it <|» ite free of this law , but appears to be conducted « po . ii ; i sort of medium , between tl , e evils ou toils sidss . " 'l'he eldest son takes the | irii ! - eipal hong * , and Jrom sixteen to twenty perflie . i of land , on which tiiftoiiti'tiildinss may be supposed lo - stand ; this-the hw jj ives him exclusively , ami I . e . also has the right to-keej . all ti-. e laud attuched to Uw house in a ring- fence , ana not . t synratal from it by a public road ; but wiiMever he takes over and above the . sixteen tu- twenty p /» rcJics , he anist nccvnnt for it to his brothm-iiml sisters , by payifig ( hem } hs value of this excess iivmoney , Br this [ tten the estates ia Uuernsey are never so srabdivi . 'led hi-to prorfate inciJiivcnience , liwaro theysver so consolidated as to produce iiijustira . - " '
' J'his moi ' . e , it ia-clear ,, cannot be wluily introduced [ here at least for some time ; : but the nvsde that next approaches it , in spirit ,, inters , and eflecVis the very jj one : proposed by the Land : Stjcicty—tlnvb of leasing-Impevpctuity . Unslei' - such , a Isase , the knd woulil be , to all intents and purpfl » cs , the hoUw ' s own ,. ! minus the rent , or quartersi ' ' ^ e would hsvro to pay & >• the purchaser of tslio- fee-simple . His temwd ivouW bi jitsf st secure—which is the very thing needed to iujucclum to work fw himself ,, and to impi-ove the quality aad capabilities of his Ian * . The Guernseymanis st'mire : he is nob like the snail Irish holderat tlio will and mercy of the veriest rascal that hell couM-turn out . Let us see whafe Shis " security-of terniss'''discs for him : —
A ; gj'oat subdivision and a very thorough cultivation of the-land have been the consequence of this system . "The estates , " says our author , " arc small * , none exceeding Hoventy acres ; . and the- average amount 0 , ^' laud attached to each ilouse in the -wuntry , may bo compiUail- aS five English ucm . Tins mi ' mitk suis-1 I 1 VISWN OAt'SKS THE WHOLE . ISLAND X 9 MIG CUW 1 VATEB > as a-g& : idk : « ; . not sin inch of available- soil is lost , and even ilie Ii 3 dj ; es are planted with furze for winterfuel . 'Che ci ' Oiis are abundant , jiad fai > osecud . those cf England . The average produce of wheat per acre is bhirtj-threc Winchester bushels-, and as much as fifty-five to sixty hava- been raised .. Five hundred bushels of potatoes- per acre are the ordinary iM ' oduce , and the- hay crops average three l ions ami a- half , English weight . Twenty-two tons ; parsnips-per acre arc considered a fair crop : 250 t »
niilcli cbws are kept , yielilinc an annual revenue , in milk and butter , of £ 32 , 520 ; voO cows arc annually exported to England , and the same number ofcattls-slaughtered forborne consumption . 'Ve getables , &uit , poultry , eggs , and cyder , are must abuudtuiS , aud of excellent quality , ' iiow , tins question , the commercial question , arising out of these facts , i » simply this : Where , in Great llntahi or Ireland , can be found 10 , 000 acres e-yially productive ? let U not be said that the islands have richer land , a more favourable cdimnte , or buier h , jlenient * of Iniskruthy : this is tut , Uie fact : they have , moreover , many disadvantages , as tremeidous gales of wind in winter , anil scorching droughts in summer ; but they have one imrnnuiunt superiorit y , « : <¦! that is their system oflamkd tenure—the U ~ m source of their ayricuHy . ral wealth .
Here arc facts 1 What will the atltlucevs of tho ; case of " Ireland " say to them ? 'Ihs-land is " sill ) - divided . " " Tho average amount is live acres to each house ; " and this causes the whek Island to It cultivated like a garden ! Look at the estimate of produce ! Remember too , that " -itisnot fact" that the Guernsey people have richer land , a mure favourable climate , or better iwplmeuls than wo have . What will the adilucers of the ease of " Ireland" say to all this ? How can they get over the facts hsre ; narrated ?
But the best of all is to come . We have still to sec what the effect of all this is , on the coxomos of . the cnlirff population . We have to see whether any of the characteristics of the Irish miul-hovcl-system are to be found , in connection with this entire subdivision of the country into five-acre farms with « secure tenure . Wo have to see whether the Guernsey people are compelled to live on " muicu" potatcesa sort that even the rooks will not feed r > n ! We have to see whether they are compelled to kd w ' tti the pig , and to share the meal with it—it beinu bv 1
far the most important member of the family ! We ¦ have to sec whether the females have to go just I naked , with only an old sipvon tied 011 in IVont , ami forced to hide themselves when iiKtrangeraiit . roaehe .-i the "dwelling ! " Wu have to see whether this be the case with the Guernsey " holder ? , " as it is with Irish ones ; or whether they are like the Hampshire labourers , starving on ft . a week out of the Union , or starving on l ' oor Law diet in the Union . We have to see this ; and here are the means of judging : —
ihe rent of land in Guernsey , expressed in Englisii terms , is never less than live pounds per English acre ; and it is a very rare case indeed , if it ever tails in arrear . The landlord is seldom disappointed in tin ; regular receipt of his income . * * * We shall now proceed to the moral influence produced on the people by this system of tenure . One of its first consequences is lo raise the standard of virtue—to inspire the v . ' hule pnpidation with a manl y and indcpe ~ 1 idc . 1 t spirit— and to destroy that cringini ' adulation and fawning servility , which leases for years have necessarily engendered anionn- the tenantry of England . All men have admitted that the institution of property is the basis of civilisation .
This principle bmng acknowled ged sound bv universal consent , it- follows that whatever counteracts its expansion must lia vicious , and that whatever promotes its extension must be nationally beneficial , lhc bare pro-ratou ot property on a doubtful tenure wscarewya good : rt ft &smial lka ^ fiwMiM f ' : il T- 'Vx aml , Smui < lt i' »«• * term ot years be desirable , much more so must it be % ponnancnt enjoyment . Now , the PW l ££ £ -seven , fourteen , or twenty-one vcars toother with e : uuicies nm , year to year or atVill ' iS i ditijilo , . u , they merely convey a temporary interest detenuuiableatadate spec ! liod ; the work ?! f nner ii ? : Sr jii ' ° ^ I' ^ ' ^ ^ itiiounrfSe , k fiM ^ . 'Trt' " llll « irious , and sober-a uuml Uihcr , a ffliod husband , a -ood mash .,- ,. ,, 1 ,, ; . ; ,. ' ,.
no-bin '" LT ¦ iXC " ' inXt t ! lCSC virtuS tt ^ Jl » ni « ihmg , 1 c hves 11 , a state of agricultural servitude , S ' w ' n- 1 NI i , ' Um ol llis ll ; ilsc > «» c caprife ov d I" , " mll nl m l Wd- « ' »« i from hwianu . hi d iere . it is he condition of the Guerasevn . an . fefTf \™* M can never lose it , except ,- t \ ! llC , , aS Olll - Rv the stipulated uarteiso rent , and he continues absolute l « nl of the property ; he feels proud of his position , and the spirit oi mdepeiulcnec is witiiin him ; he lias asoli . l Stake 111 tao country , though it . mnv be small ; ho un say with honct P r « lo , " This house is mine ; that held is nnne ; and when 1 die , the law will give them to my children . "
llus system of tenure prompts to indiislri / , encourages economy , and reprises intemperance . ' A man having paid down in cash one-fourth of the value of t . io laud he holds , is stimulated by the most powerful impulse to redeem thu annual ii ' . iartera , ami uisun ^ gu Ins estate from the payment of rent , in the eyes ot " a person so circumstanced , labour loses it * retsiilsive character , / or he feels that heu wod-iw , for A * W / - lie has an object constantly before his ' mind whieli he steadily pursues . The propensity to di-unla-niic * , so latal t <> the workin- -ciasfes of Orcat I' . i-iwin , » - eoitnteracted with the Guonisfyman bv the desire aa « thu opportunity u ! " awiuiriiiir iidi . s ^ nciimi . cred Ian '«•' property . * " * * iy e M 3 V ^^ truth
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* Tla . ro JWICM'S to be a reS c . Ilili ; n CO te » i . « « " = ! '"• and that ot jenuj ground in Sovt ' anil .
¦^R- ¦ 1 .. A I — - „ Cheap. Elegant, An3 Exi-Editious I-Hijctsivg.
¦^ r- ¦ 1 .. a I — - „ CHEAP . ELEGANT , AN 3 EXI-EDITIOUS i-HIjCTSivG .
Tme Northern- Stak. Satdhday, July 2g, 1845.
TME NORTHERN- STAK . SATDHDAY , JULY 2 G , 1845 .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 26, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1325/page/4/
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