On this page
- Departments (2)
- Adverts (15)
- Pictures (2)
-
Text (4)
-
Untitled Article
-
THE NORTHERN STAR. SATUUDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1845. MORE OF "IRELAND'S RUIN:" OR THE
-
Untitled Article
-
1>^. ~i-JlXDEXT OBDER OF UNITJiD BROTHERS (LEICESTER UNITY).
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Ad
" UiPOl-TASX IO WORKING JIBS . . SE hV- \ S'TEUESt Twing the first law of nature ( and ihr .-x-h Ufc we find this the one grand laling pnndple—ucHncr is it wrons , if not carried out to an improper extent ) , in these days of incertitude it oehoTes Zrery tt-m to have a thought for the future—to make eonii ^ rorision for the time of sickness , want of employment , ami such like contingencies to which man is liable . The various sodeti : sfonnedforthis pnrpose are amongst fiiefiiWHSt , established by thephilanthropistof our day ; the greatest good has accrued from tlsem ; but the most jironiiatiat stands the various Secret Orders ; the principle "C vbich they are bound gives them a superiority above all other similar institutions . Various are tlieir titles . iiiil significations , and various are the modes of camlii ; . - out their designs ; but perhaps there are none Wliif > : $ ; -. ir . e so conspicuous or more beneficial than the - "ISBEl'KSDBJn : ORDER OF TOTTED BROTHERS . " It is : in Institution that will oe found to possess in every ¦ way f . j iiu ! . and in some respects superior , advantages to -any oii : s .-r society of its class . Its laws being based upon thepi ' -rt principles of Democracy , and past experience Jiaviiy ica ? ht the lesson that public-house meetings tend rather io injure than otherwise , the inembGrs of this Order nrz uot allowed to hold their Lodg es at such places ; neither are intoxicating drinks allowed at them ; hat , on the other hand , they are not restricted to teetotalism . This Order has met the feelings of a great portion of our populatvia ; hence its rapid progress . To such , then , who ivish to appropriate their money to a really useful purpose , who wish to make a provision for sickness and distress , and to be convsyed in a decent manner to that " bourne from whence no traveller retnrns , " without the aid of a parish , « r of being under any obligation to Mends or cbariuible persons , this Order affords every facility . The recolar contributions amount to 9 d . per fortnight , £ at tvliicli a member , when sick , receives 10 s . per week ; £ 10 is uU- ~ g iven on the death of a member , and £ 5 at the death « f a member ' s wife ; and , by paying a small additional < -o : uribution , the gifts at the deaths will be doubled . Allneeesvarj information may be obtained by appljing io the following persons , viz . : ^ Jonn VTindley , printer , Church . gate , Leicester . " Wiiinm Colver , Drvden-strcet , ditto . David Abell ) brushmauuiaeturer 1 Westgate-street , G ' oucester . Udward Jennens , Prcemaa-street , Birmingham . ¦ William Parker , tailor , Uedditch . ¦ r "Thomas Knight , Manaj-slreet , Derhr . ^ tVilftun itofainsou , Sfaearsby , South Leicestershire . * William Clarke , sail cloth manufacturer , Newark . William Pike , tailor . Porter-street , Sheffield . Samuel iioonhain , Nottingham . And at the various Irfjige-houses in the different par a of the c-juutry .
Untitled Ad
———— mm ^ mm ———1————mim LESSONS IN MILLINERY AND DRESS . - . . * ¦ : - MAKING . - ¦ ... v ^" - - •• - - ¦ ¦ ¦ MADAME GALLIOS , ii , New Bond-street , continues her superior method of teaching the art of Dress- ' Making . She undertakes to make persons of the smallest capacity proficient in Cutting , Fitting ; , and Executing , in ihe most finished style , in Six lessong , for One Pound , tier superior method can ue fully substantiated by references to pupils , and has never been equalled by any sompetitor . &F Practice hours from eleven till four .
Untitled Ad
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF THE WESTEND CHARTIST HALL . AT A PUBLIC MEETING of Shareholder !? , held Sept . 7 tli , 1845 , it was agreed : — " That persons applying to Mr . Sbackleton , at No , 1 , Turnagain-lane , Skinuer-street , Snow-hill , should have the money returned that is due-to each , AH claims must be made as soon as convenient , for none will be attended to after three months from this date ; . after which all money remaining iu hand trill be given to the Veteran Patriots * Fund . "
Untitled Ad
LIGHT , TENTILATING , FLEXIBLE YELTET HATS , 13 s . POURING'S Patent Ventilating , Flexible Hats maybe JT obtained in Beaver , Silk , and Velvet , from 8 s . 6 d . to 'Is ., in upwards of one hundred different shapes , to suit contour . Also the best Livery Hats at 16 s . ; Youths' and Gentlemen ' s Hats and Caps of every description . —CECIL HOUSE , 85 , Strand , and 251 , Regent-street . 45 * Copy the address , and buy where you can be well used .
Untitled Ad
jIARE ON SPINAL DISEASE . TlHIS day is published , price 2 s . Gd ., CASES and OBi SERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial results which may be obtained by close attention and perseverance in some of the most chronic and unpromising instances of spinal deformity ; with eighteen engravings on wood . By Samdel Habe , M . R . C . S . London : John Churchill , Princes-street ; and may be had of all booksellers .
Untitled Ad
THE QUEEN ! TRIUMPH POR , THE PICTORIAL TIMES ! Tub length PORTRAIT of Her Ma-<®| J 58 O&I jesty QUEEN VICTORIA in ¦ 38 § ii ^ li-o . her Robes of State ( size 20 in . /; ^ f *§ 3 *| £ jiSJp § 5 1 by 15 ) , exquisitely engraved , 4 j ^ S | IBSB 5 | lil g iL and equal to prints Sold at t &sffilMSi ^ fm ^ rive Guineas > wiM oe issuel 1 $£ ff lfs&M ^ 51 lUfr SA-TimDAY , SEPT . 20 th . / j £ ® liiillP@ ! IJ | K The Pictorial Times of that allisiiflilfJ § lf § y ** L day "HI also contain an ori-^^^ g ^^^ P ^ ginal History of the IUustri-^ 5 * lfjsi || ji § 8 Wy ¦ ous House of Brunswick , with ^ vlfiiiiPii Illustrations of the principal v 3 »^^ events of the present reign , " * K& » beautifully engraved . Jjv | 5 & EVERY LOVER of his >^^ SOVEREIGN and COUNTRY SHOULD POSSESS THIS GRAND NATIONAL PICTURE . Orders ouhgt to be immediately given to any Bookseller or Uewsvendor in the Kingdom . The Price of the Engraving , with the paper , will be One Sihixi : jg , or both can be forwarded free of expense to any party remitting 18 postage stamps to the publisher , C . Evans . OFFICE , 351 , STRAND , LONDON .
Untitled Ad
IMPORTANT TO WORKING MEN UNDEK FORTY YEARS OF AGE . Ziook to ihe interests of yourselves and families ; hasten and join that flourishing institution , the " United HuriiX * * Benefit Society , " enroUed and empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the United King dom . THE Society is on a new , yet correct principle , and is tho only Benefit Society legalised with the privilege of establi £ H 3 : ! £ branches , appointing sub-secretaries , having sub-co : ;; i :. utees , &c . Look around at the numerous uuenrolled societies in particular , ever breaking up , and men , after bc-im ; meinbers from twenty to forty years , who have lovkid forward in the hopes ot having a something like suj ) . i-aunuation inouey to kevp starvation from their doors , hang cast aside to the tender mercies of a Poor Xiaw IJasiile . Remember , in the midst of life you are in death , that you know not what an hour may bring forth ; then , working men , join this Society , make it truly a national O'ie , to number not only thousands but millions . "Unite , cause it to extend throughout the length and ireadtli of the laud . The government of the Society is in the l :: mds of the members , every branch being empowered by the rnles to manage its own local affairs . The Society is in four divisions for its members to re-Ceive according to their payments ihefollowing benefits : — £ s . d . £ s . d . ^ In Sickness per week from ... 0 9 0 to 0 IS 0 Death of ? Ieinber 10 0 0 to 20 0 0 Death < . ! Wife or nominee 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 "Wife ' . ybis-Hi 1 O O to 2 0 0 Xoss by 1 'ire , 10 0 0 to 15 0 0 Superannuation per weeK ... 0 4 0 to 0 6 0 Contributions per calendar *) munth for Sickness and > 0 14 to 027 ^ Management . ) Levies according to the demands on each division per quarter . Entrance according to age , from two shillings and eigntpence to nine shillings and twopence . Weekly ileetings at the London Society Ilouse , Brown Bear Tavern , Broad-street , Bloomsbury , every Tuesday evening , at eight o'clock . Persons can enroll at the Society House any day by paying ilie cutrance money . The ioUowing is a list of the Branches , Names of the Sub-Strrataries , Places of Meeting , and Counties situated in at present , forming limbs of tins growing and gigantic Society , where persons can be entered « , ny time by tht Sub-Secretaries at their residence , or at tho Branch Housts : — Athtrstone , "Warwickshire , nolly Bush Inn , Long-Street ; Sao-Secretary , W . Smith , Bingham ' s-row . Alchcsier , Warwickshire , Globe Inn ; Sub-Sccretarj . TF . SpoiMier , Xeedleinaker . Bristol , Somersetshire , Glasshouse Tavern , Avon street ; Si . Phillip ' s aud Cannon Tavern , Cannon-street , St . Jnmes ; Sub-Secretary , S . Jacobs , Bookseller , IS , Upper 3 Iaudtin-strett , St . Hichacl ' s-hill . Bath . Somersetshire , Grapes Tavern , Westgate-street : Sab-Secretary , "W . Young , 17 , PhiHip-street . Snr&ham , Bucks , Sun Inn ; Sab-Secretary , B . Brit tain , Chalvey . Blaudfdrd , Dorset , T . Saunders , jun ., Upholsterer . Salisbury-street . Brainrree , Essex , Temperance Coffee House ; Sub-Secretary , T . Raadle . Cojgesiiail , Esses , Chappsll Inn 5 Sub-Secretary , J . Burrows , Upper Stoncham-sticet . DaveHtry , Northamptonshire , Lion and Lamb Inn , Market-place ; Sub-Secretary , G . ' Askjrcll , Cabinet-maker , Ceorge-street . Halstead , Essex , White Jlorsa Inn , Parsonage-lane ; Snb-Secnrtaix , E . Pajne , Silk--worker , Tau-ynra . IMserlev , Bucks , One Tin Inn ; Sub-Sauretai'v , J . Eose . Jforwicii , Norfolk , Coffee . and Eating Rooms , Prince ? - Street ; Sub-Secrctai'y , H . Howsc , Fellinoagers' Arr . ; syard , O ; ik-street , St . Slartin ' p . Pimlico , London , Builders" Arms , Vanshall-bii % cxoad ; Suo-3 ecretary , T , Sawyers , Bookseller , 14 , St . teonaril-strcet , Beigrave-voad . Heading , Berks , Woolpaek Inn , Broad-street ; Sub-Secretary , G V . Wheeler , 30 , Coley-street . Sloajb , Bueks . EeinDeerlnn ; Sub-Secretary , " B . Brittain , Bricklayer , Ohnlvcy . Snubnry , Suffolk , Horn Inn , ^ orth-sti'eet ; Sufc-St ' - eretary , ¦«" . Outing , Tea Dealer , SorBi-street Sheffield , Yorkshire , Three Cranes Inn , Quccn-strcet ; Sob-Secretary , G . llali . 8 , Corn-hill . Sooth Oi&enrton , Esses , Old Sing ' s Jle . vl Inn , Iligl ) - etreet ; Sub-Secretary , TT . G . Horncnst ' ie , Commercial Academy . TVellifcjjion , Somersetshire , King ' s Arms Inn , Ifig' ! - « trest ; Sub-Secretary , "W . Bowennan , Bootmaker , Ilucktrell-green . IVeUingborough , Northamptonshire , Cross Keys Inn , JSgh-streel ; Sub-Secretary , C . Knight , Gardener , East End . TRTindsor , Berks , Crispins' Inn , Thames-street ; Sub-Secretary . IV . S . Badcock , Carpenter , Lore-lane . Hish Wycoinlie , Bucks , Eell Inn , Canail ; Sul" Secretary , Janus Chapman , Tc ; np ! e End . Wriiubled . m , Surrey , Caftlc Inn , Cam C-3-Sireit ; Slll > - Seeratarj , , E . J . HoHey , Piiinitr , lTj - - -. > larc . Wcnhastoii . near Huleswortii , Sufi \ ilk , Compasses Inn : Sub-Secretary , Thomas Fuuueil , Acadt-niy , opposite tiw Church . Blank forms and information for the ailniissiuu < f country members can be obtained b . y applying to tiie Snb-Secrctaries at tlieir resiliences , or at t ' le branch houses . Information for forming braurhes , appuiittsug Sab-Secretaries , < fcc , canbe obtained by letter , pio-jiniii , enclosing postage sijtinji ibrrctura jetter . or Uk-s-c vusiag * - ' Stamps for fwni , &c , unvoted to V . W . llully , Genera ] Secretary , London OlSco , 13 , Tottenham-court , Xcw road . St . Pancras .
Untitled Ad
AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , SG , Waterloo-road , Liverpool . THE Subscribers continue to despatch first-class Packets to NEW YORK , BOSTON . QUEBEC , MONTREAL , PHILADELPHIA , NEW ORLEANS , and ST , JOHN'S , N . B . They are also Agents for the New Line of New York Packets , comprising the following magnificent ships : — Tons . To SaU . HoTTiNGCEB ,,, , 1150 ...... Gth September . Livbepooi , 1150 6 th October . Who Lave also , For New York St . Patrick 1150 tons . „ „ Kepublic 1100 „ „ „ Empire 1200 „ „ „ Sheffield 1000 „ „ Boston Lama 1000 „ „ Philadelphia Octavius 900 „ „ New Orleans Geo . Stevens 800 „ „ , Thos . H . Perkins ... 1000 „ Passengers going to the "Western States and Canada can Un&w tiic actual outlay to reach any important point on : he Lakes and Itivers by obtaining one of TapscoWs Bmi-4 rant ' s Travelling Guides , which can be had by sending postage stamps for the same to George Rippard and Son , = ind William Tapscott , as above .
Untitled Ad
COLOSSEUM . pATROXISED and visited by her Host Gracious L MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to ue the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Day and Sight , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , rc-paintcd by Mr . Parris , &c . Admittance , 3 s . Children , ' half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all the temples wliich nature has bailt for herself in the regions of night , Is . extra , EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest iu the world , comprising 4 G , 000 square iVct , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted by 3 Ir . Danson and 3 Ir . Telbiu . The Caverns , Mont Blauc , and Torrent by night , the Glyptotheea and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door 5 s . cadi . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s , each , ! ft btt httil : vt the NdrtK Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six : and at all tlie principal Librar / " s and JIusicsellers .
Untitled Ad
TO THE "WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . ' We ave always gra'hied } n -noticing the laudable exertions of tlie industrious and provident among our fellow-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far : is human foresight-may do , the calamities attcnunnt upon au old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and uselessness , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture to say , that up to the estremelimit of what is called the jnid'He class of society , there is no method so likely to attain the object as the institution of securely based aiiujudiciously Tegulated Benefit Societies . Our attention was some time since called to the subject by the proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled under the title of ' THE ROYAL OAK BENEFIT SOCIETY , ' aud established at the Mitre Tavern , St . Martus ' s-lane . The advantages proposed to tlie members appear to bo calculated , upon a scale of liberality that requires and deserves extensive support . Prom the result of our examination of tlieir rules , and the satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical O 3 ierr . lions , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as h ? £ ; 5 i ! y deserving attention , whether viewed with 1 efereass to its immediate or its prospective advantages . "Wiekly Chronicle , March , 1 S 38 . FELLOW BRETHREN , look to your own interests , ami hnstcn to join that well-regulated Benefit So-M-jty , THE ROYAL OAK , established 1837 . The Committee meet at tli * Mitre Tavern , CS , St . Martin ' s . lane , every Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for the admission 01 . Members whose ages do not exceed thirty-six years , being in goou health , and their income arising from their business or employment averaging 24 s . per week . The Society is enrolled by Act of Parliament , and is conducted upon an economical and secure principle . All unnecessary lines are abolished , and it allows the members to belong to any other society , at the same time being a member of the Royal Oak . It lias paid every demand made upon Us funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 000 , and has a Funded Capital of £ 0 , 000 invested in the Bank of England , the interest oi' which produces the Society upwards of £ 1 CO per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing 11 the country , however distant , are eligible for admission , without personal attendance , by filling a printed form and rransir . ittimr it to the Secretary . Look around , and see tlie number of Societies breaking "up , when most needed , in consequence of the extra payments on a Quarterly Meeting bring too heavy for a working man to meet on a suriden demand . This Society boasts of the muchwanted principle of a Fiscd Quarterly Payment , there being , no extras , as in most others ; the Subscription is 4 s . per Calendar Jiontli , or payable Quarterly , and no Fines ; so ihav every member , however distant , is enabled to send by Post . off . ce Order the full amountof his Quarterly Sub . scription . The following are the Benefits of the Society : — £ s . Th Sickness , per week , „ 0 18 Superannuation , ditto ... 0 4 funeral (" Death of a Member 20 0 " | Thosebenefits money \ l ) cath of Member's Wife 10 0 I are charged as Wife ' s Lying-in 2 0 | extrasinotlier Loss by Fire 15 6 J Societies . TmtnmTC Moiwy only Ss . Cjl . under thirty . two years of agt—5 s . ucder thirty-six . Lose co time in enrolling your names while in health and vljrour ( wo know not what a day may bring forth ) . The Rules may be seen ( gratis ) at the Society Ilouse , or purchased , -j rice 6 d . each . Printed Forms and Proswectuses sent to any part of tlio country , free , by enclosing a postage ? tamp to the Secretary , H , Unties , 17 , Cecilcourt . St . ilarfin ' sJane , London ,
Untitled Ad
IMPORTANT TO HEALTHY MEX FROM FORTY TO PIFTY-F 1 VE YEARS Of AGE . 2 Sfi United Patriarchs Jknr / t Society , including Medical Attendance a » 'd Medicine . Enrolled and Empowere d by Act of Parliament to extend over die United Ehigdom . f | lil ± i -want of a Society of tliis aatnre must he evident X ^ to every pcrsoa who say liavc neglected proriilin ^ against the calamities of life in tlu-ir youth . ItisinFour Divisions , after the manner of the United Patriot *' , laving the same Benefits , except that of Lyuigs-in . This Society is Established at the same Lomlcn Ofi 3 es > , and .-it -&e same Country Houses in tlie . sr . rae tovnss . It also has file same Officers for its Agents , Ac . The Contributions are on the same scale per lunarmonth . Maukforms and information for the admission of country members can be obtained at any time by applying to the Agents , &c , at tfoeir residences , or at the meetinghouses . Also infonna--Soa for forming localities , appointing Agents , MOTCal Attendants , &c , can he obtained by letter , pre-paid , encJosing postage stamps for return letter , or throe postage stamp * for form , & , c . Direct , Mr . 1 ) . W . RtuTv , London Office , Jfo . 13 , Tottenham-court , Xew-road , St . Paueras .
Untitled Ad
REVISING BARRISTERS . A HAXtJAL of the LAW and PRACTICE of REGISTRATION of VOTERS 5 n England and Wales , under ihe 2 nd of William IV ., cap . 45 and C ; Victoria , cap . IS ; induing all the recent Appeal Cases . Ev &ca 3 m > cheke Sextell , of the Middle Temple , Bar-Haa-ut-W . B . cx . Second eGiiion . price 10 s . Owen B . chards , Law Bookseller , &c , 191 , Fleet-street .
Untitled Ad
EMIGitATIUtf TU TUfi CAPE OJb GOOD ¦ -I- HOPE . 17 IREE PASSAGE ; under the sanction of Government . . The undersigned are authorised by her Majesty ' s Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners to grant a free passage to the above eminently healthy and prosperous Colony to married Agricultural Labourers , Shop , herds , Male and Female Domestic and Farm Servants , Bricklayers , Carpenters , Masons , and Smiths , of sober and industrious character . The demand for labour at the Cape is urgent , and is well remunerated in wages , provisions , clothing , and lodging . All particulars will be furnished on application , personally , or by letter , to John Marshall and Co .. 26 , Birchin-lane , Cornhill , London ; or 79 , High-street , Southampton .
Untitled Ad
EVERY MAN MAY HAVE A HOUSE OF HIS OWN Second Stebonheath Provident Investment Association . TO ADVANCE MONEY to MEMBERS to BUILD or PURCHASE PROPERTY upon the Security of the Property Purchased , the rent of which will aid in re-paying the amount advanced . TBtTSTEEB . J . E . Bromley , Esq ., 7 . Rodney-terrace , Bow . H . B . Walmesley , Esq ,, 24 , New-roaa , Whitechapel . Or . F . White , Esq ., 45 , Gloucester-terrace , Commercialroad . With twenty Directors ( who act gratuitously ) . FIFTH SUBSCRIPTION Payable at the GEORGE INN , Commercial-road , Stepeny , on FRIDAY , 3 rd October , 1845 , at 7 p . m . The Entrance Fee will be 5 s ., at the meeting , and still further increased as the Society progresses . Near 400 Snares Registered , and £ 780 awarded to Shareholders . Read the Rules which have been greatly improved , and additional facilities given to Purchasers . Redemption Money ceases at the end of ten years . Members assisted to Buy at Auctions . The Widows or Children of Mom . bcrs may withdraw all the subscriptions paid in . £ 4 per cent , discount allowed on all Subscriptions paid in advance . , Prospectuses ( gratis ) , bysending stamp for reply , to Mr . E . J . SOUTHWELL , 80 , Jubilee-street , Stepney .
Untitled Ad
JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 voi , neat cloth , price 7 s . 6 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : - - > BY THOMAS COOfJiR THE CHARTIST , J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . ; ,, { 55 " Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers .
Untitled Article
BLESSED EFFECTS OF LANDLORDISM AND INSECURITY . OF TENURE . At last we are having Ireland ' jj misery laid bare . At last we arc having the curtain fairly lifted up , and the terrible scenes of degradation and utter abjcctness hitherto enacted behind the veil of religions and national prejudice opened out in all their hideousness for a world to gaze at ! It is true we have had glimpses boforotime . It is true that occasional peeps have been afforded ; nay , even at times some portion of the covering torn away , and more than a
glance obtained of the length , and breadth , and depth of that misery which the landlord class have so systematically striven to hide from view . Cobbett , in his short and hasty journey through a portion of the Irish interior , did this for us . He showed that in no country under the sun , savage or "civilised , " was there to be found such a state of utter destitution and debasement in condition , as existed in the " Green Isle . " The Irish Poor Law Commission of Ixquiry established the same truth ; and subsequently it has been confirmed by the inquiries of the Devon Lasd Commission . Travellers , too , who have gone over Ireland , have noted and promulgated
the same facts . The pages of KonL and of Ixglis teem with observations to this effect . But until now , we liad not the detail ; until now , we had not the entire picture ; until now , we had not the filling in of the general outline ; until noiu , we had not the CAUSE of that utter wretchedness everywhere abounding traced HOME ; until noiv we had not names , and dates , and facts , indelibly fixed ; until now , we were not able to deal with the facts in connection with the persons who have caused them to be : but now we are enabled to do this ; now the information is supplied ; now , we have exposed to view the whole question , even In minute detail ; and
now , therefore , we can deal with it , and draw correct inferences and deductions from it . For this full information we are indebted to the Times , who has , in this particular , rendered essential service to the cause of human progress ; a service sufficient to atone for many of the enormous sins that same journal committed against the " movement" to meliorate the awful condition it now . shows to exist ; sins committed in the days when that movement was not so fashionable as it is now—when it was only joined in by the workers who "felt the iron , " and before they
had succeeded in impregnating the public mind with the philosophy which seeks to give the producer a greater " SHARE" than "Landlordism " and"Masterdom" can afford ; sins committed in the days when rampant authority put down complaint with the high-hand of power , and when the drunken bullfrogs of the middle classes mounted their cavalry horses , and stifled the murmurs of discontent in the sroans of the wounded and the dying ; sins committed in the days when the Times was emphatically the " Bloody old Times . "
So long ago as April , 1833 , William Cobbett pro posed the establishment , by the people themselves , of ;
"RECKONING COMMISSION ;' which should furnish itself with facts in relation to the " OWNERS" of property , to enable the people to settle with them when the " bat of rbckosing " came . He mooted this point at a time when " Com missions" against the people were beginning their unholy efforts ; when the Poor Law Commission of Inquiry was " making out a case" for the abolition of all Poor Laws , and devising measures to reduce the
working people of England to "live on a coarser sort of food ; " when they were " reporting" in favour of the establishment of a "Ruial Police , " armed with daggers and pistols , to " keep down" the working people , who " embodied the spirit of discontent '' in the shape of SWIN&-FIRES and thus made their " gnmiblings FELT ; " it was at this time , and under suck circumstances that the far-seeing politician of the age proposed his "Beckoning Commission" in manner following-:
—DEFENCE ASSOCIATION . Seeing the oppressions which we endure ; seeing lion small a share of the taxes is paid by the aristocracy , and how large a portion of them they receive , it appears tu me , tliatthisis the great evil of the country . "We have seen the game laws hardened to a degree that our fathers never could have dreamed of ; we have seen the new trespass law , and the new Highway Acts , almost deprive us of the right of setting our feet upon any part of our country ; we have seen tlie trial by jury in great part laid aside , as far as related to the offences Of the common people ; we have seen our property seized by the taxgatherers of various descriptions , and by tithe-gatherers
and taken from us without any trial by jury ; we have seen our property taxed most enormously by stamp am auction duties , while the landowners have escaped thost taxes , and while we have been compelled to pay pension ? and sinecures to support the families of this aristocracy . In short , we have seen ourselves ruined , pressed down , one a . 'ter another , into a state of pauperism ; and now we behold schemes for establishing a gendarmerie to compel us to submit in silence to all these wrongs . AVhilt , then , are we to do in such a case as this ? What are we to do in our own defence i It appears to me , thai there ought to be established an association under the following title , and for the following objects : —
DEFENCE ASSOCIATION ; Or , an association for protecting tradesmen , and other tlie industrious classes , against all unconstitutional encroachments of the aristocracy . To be established in London , with a chairman * deputy chairman , and secretary . To correspond with all parts of the kingdom j and to receive statements of acts done towards tlie iiudustrioiis classes , which would be proper subjects o £ representation to the Farliun ent .
To give advice upon •• he subject , and oVtairs redresswlere that is possible . ¦ To receive statements relative to all acSs of oppression ; and in all cases to be very particulars giving tfta names of tiie parlies and the places of their residence . To obtain , in reference to ttc direct toes , an accurate list of the names and places of residence of all the great landowners in each county ; to ascertain , as nearly hs possible , when each of them came to his estate , and whether he got it by purchase , hcirship , or bequest ; and also to aseevtaui the 2 > rol >« Wc iwft Of it . To cause to be printed , upon a small piece of paper , and at a very cheap rate , a true peuigree of every great
Untitled Article
4 landowner , Hawing how «» w ) i */ QiepMUmoneJ hew onj > o / 7 iis relations have received , not omitting his predecessors for three or four generations ; showing how he ' came by his estate , and particularly showing what men , women , or children , appertaining to him , are or have been on the pension or sinecure list ; and to cause a ' sufficient number of these papers to bo circulated amongst the industrious classes in his oum immediate neighbourhood ; so that we may all know one another well . To get the names of all the justices of the peace in the several counties , and to ascertain whether they be receivers of tithes or of taxes , and to what amount . To ascertain , as nearly as may be , the amount of the lay-tithes , of the albeylands , of the college property , of the bishop ' s property , and of the dean and chapter property ,
in each county ; and also of the corporation , and public charity property ; and to ascertain in whose hands each parcel of this property is . The associaton might take care to furnish listg of the abbey-lands and the correspondents would inform them in whose hands they are , and the worth of them . There are divers other things to mention of a most interesting nature . I throw out this merely as a hint for others to improve upon . This is the sort of " commission " that is wanted ; and I would cau , it the "Reckoning Com . mission ; " for It is absolutely necessary that we begin to make up our accounts , and ta have them ready . It would be a sad thing for us to be taken by surprise . When we all know one another well , we shall easily arrange matters quietly , we shall easily come to an " equitable adjustment , "
In this proposal Cobbett was but before his timethe usual fate of all popular teachers . % s might be expected , the bare proposition was enough to drive the "OWNERS" of property stark staring mad-The author of it was subject to the most virulent abuse . He was told that he " speculated on public confusion ; " that he sought to establish in England the " reign of terror ; " to " produce confiscation ;" to " robthe owners of property of what was their own : " told this , too , by the men who had sent out the Poor Law Commission of Inquiry , which reported in favour of the entire abrogation of the people ' s right to live out of the soil ! in favour also of schemes to reduce them to a coarser sort of diet !! and in favour also of an ARMED POLICE throughout the Kingdom , to beat out the brains of " embodied discontent" with the metal-mounted truncheon ! On
one occasion , the present Premier himself made a ferocious onslaught on the member for Oldham , in the House of Commons , for having put forth tin ' s proposal for a "Reckoning Commission . " His words were , amid the deafening cheers and roaring shouts of the " noblest assembly of /« emen in the world : "God forbid tliafc the lion , member ' s speculations on the prospect of " public confusion" should be realized . He laboured under no apprehensiou that they would . He felt confident , whatever might be the political differences that divided public men , that all who were possessed of property would unite in its defence and put down such attempts . ( Great cheering . ) Not only would it he the
greatest calamity , but a calamity tenfold greater than had ever happened to this country , because accompanied by the greatest disgrace , to live under the domination of such instruments as these . ( General and long-continued cheering . ) " Corae the eleventh plague , rather than this should toe j " Come sink us rather in the sea , " Come rather pestilence , and reap us down ; " Come God ' s sword rather than our own . " Let rather Roman come again , " Or Saxon , Norman , or the Dane . " In all the bonds we ever bore , " We grieved , we sighed , we wept ; we never blushed before . "
It is little more than ten years since this famous bombastical apostrophe against the Reckoning Ccmmistion was uttered by Sii ? Robert Peel , amid " cheers , " which more resembled the roars of madmen than the expression of feeling on the part of sober sanity . It is little more than ten years since tlie bare proposal frightened the "" L . ords of the soil" from their propriety —( not their property !—would to God that it had !)—it is little more than ten year 3 ago all this ;—and the Times is now daily engaged in collecting facts to be vscd for the very purpose that Oobbett . recommended ! Cobbeii , the author of the proposal for a " Reckoning Commisiion , " is dead : lut the Times is doing Cobbett ' s work as well as lie could have wished had he been alive How WELL that work is being done the reader shall now judge .
Last week we accompanied the Times s CommissiOiYEit "—he that is collecting materials for the "Reckoning —in a portion of his journey over Irelaud in search of facts . We left him at Cavan , where lie had discovered the great political secret , that "those who WILL live comfortably and well DO live comfortably and well " : in other words , that those who are determined " to make their grumblings FELT" are attended to , and have secured to them a far greater share than those who are content if they can only procure hog ' s-food to live on . We left " our Rbckosing Commissioner" at Cavan , where he had made this all-important discovery , through noticing the distinguishing characteristics of the two " races "the " grumblers" and the "slavishly contenC " : and we Lave now to accompany him to Donegal , and learn the facts his sharp-witted obiervation has made him acquainted with . Hear him : —
The town of Donegal exhibits another of those numerous examples of neglect with which Ireland abounds , Thu bay of Donegal , dotted with grcen islands , —with tUu Atlantic Ocean on one side , and tlie town nestling at the foot of a range of magnificent hills , which rise in the buckground abruptly behind it , on the other , affords scenery of the most exquisite natural beauty . Were all the advantages of scenery , locality , bathing , and cheapness of living this-ton n possesses connected with a' > y English town , it would not be long before it was a second Brighton , or Bath , or Cheltenham . There is , however , but one resident landlord , or gentleman , in the neighbourhood , —Sir . Hamilton , —who has built himself a beautiful house on one of the islands in the bay ; and the town remains neglected and poor .
Prom this town I proceeded to Glenties , a village which is the PROPERTY of the Marquis of Conyngham , whose ciiief managing agent is IJr . Benbow , JI . P . for Dudley . The whole of the country for many miles intlic direction of Dimgloe , and beyond tfcitt tovm—in fact , almost the whole barony of Boylagh belongs to this nobleman , together with the iskmd of Arran , or A rranmore , on the toest coast . Okce , in the coouse of nis life—two years ago—the Marquis of Conyngham visited this estate for a few days . His chief agent , ilr . Benbow , usually comes once a-year ; and the sub-agents visit the tenants every half-year to collect tlieir rents . Atshortjieriodsofafewyears the farms are v ' sited to seewhat increased rent they will bear ; and tuis IS THE EXTENT OF TI 1 E ACQUAINTANCE OF THE MARQUIS
op Conxngham vtitu ins tenants . This nohlemiiii , himself , bears the character of a kind-hearted , generous man fond of yachting and amusement , and having nn excessive distaste for every kind of busiuuss or- trouble . From one end of his hrge estate here to the other , nothing is to befour . d but poverty , misery , wrelchedeultiaation , and infinite subdivision of land . There are no gentry , no middle class , —all are poor—wretchedly poor . Every shilling the tenants can raise from'their half-cultivated land is paid in rent , whilst Me PEOPLE SUBSIST FOR TUB MOST PART ON POTATOES AND WATER . They ave untaught ; they know not how to improve ; they have no
examples before them of a better state of things ; they are left to themselves . As they increase in numbers , as not a shilling of the vent is ever spent among them in the shano of capital , in giving them any kind of employment ., they are driven to the land for support , till they infinitely subdivide it , and their poverty and wretchedness necessarily increase as their means lessen . Every rude effort that they make to increase the amount of the produce is followed immediately by raising their rents in proportion as it were , to punish them for improving . They are , naturally enough , as DISCONTENTED and full oj complaints as they are wretched in their condition .
We will not stop here to inquire how it comes to pass that sucli an immense track of country " BELONGS" to the Makquis ov Co . ntngham . We do not now ask how he came to have it ; how he came to "OWN" it . We will not how stop t » ascertain whether he got it by purchase , by heirship , or by bequest . Wo will not ask now from vjli&m . he purchascdit—from whom he heivedit—ov wlio bequeathed it to him . Nay , we will not even ask toncerning Ms tide to it at present . Enough for us . that he has
ft : let us see how he uses it ; and whether the use be makes of it will jwmify his keeping it . A time will come when all tke points o £ inquiry set forth above xvill have to be . entered ints— will have to be answered—when we get nearer the "RE . CK . ONING . " In the meantime let us bo content to store up tho facts we are made acquainted with by the Times , and dedu . ee from thorn a lesson , that will be useful both for immediate and tjlteiuor , purposes . Here is move towards the '' Reckoning " :
What I have stated is not hearsay nor imagination . I walked a oouplo of miles from Glunties amongst the farmers' cottages , with a guide , —the Viec-Prcsidcnt of the Poor Law Union thore , —and 1 will shortly describe to you the condition of the farmers , o . s I had it from theiv own lips , and noted down at the tfrne , \ - j The land is not let by tho acre , but by what is termed a " cow ' s grass "—bo many » cow ' s grass" to a farm . A " ' s grass" Is a measure of land ; usually U muans as
Untitled Article
f inueh mountain grazing land as will keep a cow during I the summery , and as much arable land as will keep the cowhouse in fodder during the winter . The size of the farm * varies from 6 . to 20 acres , and larger , bythemeasurement of acres . The rent of arable land is about 30 s . an acre . It is sandy soil and bog mixed , on a granite rook foundations The gra ' zhg moui lair , land is let at about 2 s . ( id . an acrS . The farmer pays his rent and rates by disposing of his butter , p igs , eggs , beef , hay , oats , and milk , wheu he cau sell it . He usually sells the whole of his produce , exceptpotatoes , and in dear seasons even part of his stock of potatoes , and bays m eal on credit , in order to pay his rent and the county-cess . If the tenant lives near a town where he can sell his milk lie sells that also , and
the common drink to their potatoes thsn is an infusion of pepper—pepper and water , as being more testy than water . Sometimes they are so hard pushed for their rent that they will buy a heifer on credit at £ G or £ 7 , much above the market price , and seH it again for £ 3 or £ 4 , to be aWe to pay the rent j or buy meal on credit of local usurers ( giving a promissory note ) at 20 s . a-barrel , and sell it again to the same usurer at the market price for ready inouey at 9 s . or 10 s . a barrel . If a farmer is so well off as to have milk to his potatoes , or to be able to buy a few sprats , he is what they term here " thokey" — that is , in independent circumstances . The farmer who gave roe this information pays flfi rent , holds seven cow *' grass , and I was informed was the most" thokey" former m the
district . The grazing is so poor that . last year these gjven cows produced only two firkins of butter , which he sold for £ 6 ; he sold two pigs for £ 5 , and he could hard J tell how he scraped up the rest of the rent from the so e of his oats and some potatoes . This tamer asrarea me that for the half of this year , whilst his cows gave no miiK , be had to subsist on pepper and water and potatoes , lie could not afford to eat butter . " Not a bit of bread have I eaten since I was born , " said this maa ; V we must sell the corn and the butter to give to the landlord . I have the largest farm in the district ; so me donfc pay more than £ 3 to £ 5 rent , and I am as well off as any m the country . " This man gave me his name , but did not wish it to be published , as it might do him an injury with the
agent . This man also assured me that many of the tenants have no beds , and lie on a " shake-down" of straw or hay on the ground in their cottages , with but a blanket or a rug to cover five or sis of the family . "Tlie people , "lie said , "do what they can to improve , but tlie landlord does nothing , and they have not the ability to improve . They are tenants at will ; and if they improve , their rent is raised accordingly at the next valuation . The only good thing we have is plenty of turf to keep us warm . We never taste meat of any kind , or bacon unless a pig chances to die of some disorder and we cannot sell it , and we would not taste that if we could sell it . " I asked him if he would show me tlie cottage of any small farmer who lived in the way he had described . He took
me immediately to the cottages of John and Charles M'Cabe , who lived aeross a field close by . I state this case to you because it is a sample of the subdivision which is permitted to go on . The father rented four cows ' grass , for which he paid £ 5 10 s . rent . He was so pressed by poverty and distress in 1 S 42 that he sold the tenantright of half his farm for £ 15 to another man , who came in , built a cottage , and occupied it ; is tenant . His son had married , and having a family growing up , he divided the half of his remaining farm with his son , and father and 6 on are now subsisting with their families on a cow ' s grass of land each . Into these cottages I entered . They were stone-built , and well roofed—but the mud floor was uneven , damp , and filthy . In one corner . was a place for
the pig , with a drain from it through the wall to carry oft the liquid manure , like a stable . Two chairs , a bedstead of the rudest description , a cradle , a spinning wheel , and an iron pot constituted the whole furniture . An inner room contained another rude bedstead ; the mud floor was quite damp . In this room $ ix children slept on loose hay , with one dirty blanket to cover them . The father , mother , and an infant slept in the first room , also on loose hay , and with but one blanket on the bed . The children were running about as nearly naked as possible , dressed in the cast-off rags of tin father and mother ; the father could not buy them clothes . They had never been to mass for a twelvemonth for want of decent clothes to go in . Both these men assured me that their whole food was potatoes , and
if they had a penny to spare they bought salt , or a fete sprats , but very seldom those . Instead of buying salt they sometimes bought pepper and mixed it with tlio water they drank . This they called " kitchin "—it gave a flavour to their food . Both cottages were in the same wretched condition , and the rent" of the farm had been twice raised ; last time from 48 s . to £ 5 10 s . If their rent was not punctually paid , their cattle and everything they had was immediately distrained . From thesemen I went to another small farmer's house . He was mowing . His name is JIanus M'Ginty . He lias two cows' grass , for which he pays £ 3 8 s . There has been no improvement on his farm for the last twenty years ; but his rent was recently raised from £ 2 os . He had potatoes and milk
that day for mowing for a farmer . His usual diet was potatoes andpepper water . lie lived inpreciselythesamc wretched condition asthatwhichlhavejustdeseribed . 1 give you these as examples , without any kind of selection , of the universal condition of the tenantry around on this estate . From this place I proceeded to Dungloc , a village sixteen miles further , direct north—the whole of it in the same property . Near one or two small villages which I passed a good deal of land was brought into cultivation , and bore heavy crops of oats and potatoes ; but a mile beyond these villages nothing but bog and heather is to be seen . Excepting here and there a small patch of potatoes growing , the only sign t £ industry I saw
was a couple of men on a hill-side boring the bog with an iron rod and searching for timber . I entered several cottages on the road-side , but they were all alike fiUUy and wretched . Sometimes a calf as well as a pig would be inside them ; sometimes three or four ducks in addition , dabbling in a pool of dirty water in a . hole in thu mud floor . If you point out this filthy condition to the women in the cottages they generally laugh at it . In fact , they know no better ; they don't know how to live d ' . flerently , and they never had a better example set to them . There is everything to depress them , nothing to elevate them ; aud the wonder is that , half savage and uncivilized ^ they are so quiet and tractable as they are .
There is a picture ! Look at it as a whole ; and then in detail ! See the fine end to which "landlordism" leads ! See him , a cormorant , devouring what a whole country [ side produces ; see this man ; this "Marquis" of Gosyxgb&u , "ibnil of yachting antl amusement , and having an exceeding distaste for all kinds of business or trouble ; " see this vian who never worked a hand-stroke in his life ; who never did anything useful ; who has all his days been a charge , a BURDEN on society ; see t / iisman taking to his cheek the whole produce of "the Barony of Boylagh and the island of Arran , " excepting a portion of the rorATOEs , which are left as the "SHARE " of those whose sweat has been spent in causing all to
come t see this aud then say whether it be right that tho tastes ov distastes ; the whims or . the pleasures ; the caprices or the wants even , of such a miserable fop as the said " Marquis" should be attended to before the comforts and well-being of those who till the soil ? If society should take it into its head to do aivoy with such useless beings as these alldevouring Juswess-avoiding " Marquises , " and secure to the labourers not only in the Barony of Boylagh , but in all parts of the kingdom , the fruits of their own industry , or at least arrange that they shall be " FIRST partakers of them , " would it be anyivorse ? Suppose the " potatoes and the pepper-and-wattr " in the hovel of the ( Plenties farmer were to give way
to broad , and beef , and butter , and milk , and eggs ; and the " Marquis" of Cosyxgimu compelled to give up " yachting" and take to the " business" of the spade , would it be "a sin against the Holy Ghost , never to be forgiven , either in this world or the world to come ? " It is possible that the " Marquis '' might so consider it ! and be as " unforgiving" as eternity itself ! but we imagine that the farmer " who ' pays £ 10 rent ; " who "holib seven co-ws ' grass ; " who "is wiilml the most' tbokoy' farmer of the district ; " but who " has nevir eaten a bit of bread since he was born , " because he has to sell his corn and his butter to GIVE-to the landlord ,- . we imagine that this man would soon reconcile Mr&self to the change , and " forgive" those who " made it I
One tiling the poor "half-sarage , half-civilized " people of this district have yet to learn . They have not yet learnt how to " embody their DISCONTENT , " as to " make then-grumblings FELT 1 " ' Perhaps the Times ' 3 Commissioner will teaeh . them that lessonlet them into that seem . Should he do so , he will confer on th&ia a most . incileukblo advantage . "Those that WILL live comfortabl y and well , DO live comfortably and welL" O ! may that truth ba present to tbe minds of the farmers of Glenties and Avran , at their uprisings , and their down-lyings ! If it is , they will not be : " so quiet , and so tractable as they are J "
But we have mow * acts . The budget is far from being exhausted . The "Marquis" of Contkgham will have much to answer for , when the "day of reckoning" arrives i Bl \ fc before > YC TCCOrd lUOl'C Of those facts , let us have an incident in this horrible narrative which will raise a smile even amidst the disgust and boiling anger that the detail of the treatment of h ? s "tenantry" by the mouBLK-escaning Marquis involuntarily excites . Tho incident is no less instructive , —aa to actual condition , —far being a little amusing , and amusingly told : —
At Dungloe I was told I should find , an inn ana accommodation where I could sleep . Stay there I must , for tlKsvewas no other place within a dozen Irish miles oft , and it was getting late . . The look of the inn was most unpromising . A pile oflime mid . sand , for building a wall adjoining blocked . uu tUo doorway , but a bvigUt peat
Untitled Article
. fire and a bsnrdedand sanded floor—a luiwy Ml iO ba n ; et with everywhere in Ireland—made me hope for & comi ^ rtable rest . The brightness of the fire gilded over thedisco . 'nfortoftneroo'B' It was perfectly Irish . T « vo large and apparently much frequented rat-holes in the floor showed no want of company of that kind . Tha table was propped ; its cover torn and dirty ; onoof the windows had before it a broken looking-glass to dress by , a corner of which still remained in the frame ; the whitewashed walls were marked round with candle-smokes , where candles had been stuck with their own tallow : and
two lads at one side of the room bad a most unpromising appearance . Sundry women ' s caps were stuck under the testers for readiness , and under each bed was a pile of dut and sand , the sweepings of the floor from a «« M >* V |™ £ quity . After making a tolerable supper on eggs-t ^ t only support of travellers in parts ° ™™* ££ tf \ L being sour , butter **™^? lX $£ ™ o ° so ™ salt forbidding itstise . » d " ^ ' ^ .. " hlv tired . Hoping to unkuownhern ,-Iwentto . bedthoro « sW ^ P oung sleep . But the " downy ^ " ^¦ J-ST fledfram ™? describes as " tired »*«* . «* ™ £ « ?» tQ have a ^ VXSA ^ tt ****'^ du ^ rfw ^ -ll ^^ n&ato . ;
ii At first they caine by twos and tbrees But bow they come by swarms . ' Atlenctb the weary night passed over in listening ta thegambols of the rats , making themost of then- opportunity at the bread-loaf , until the quacking and cackling of some ducks ond hens in the nest room assured me morning was breaking . But I do not blame the people . They gave me the best they had ; and they never saw , and cannot conceive , anything better . And with a non-resident landlord , a non-resident agent , no capital spent amongst them , no encouragement given to them , and no one to teacU them anything , either by precept or example , how are they likely to improve ! Now for another bundle of " facts . " Let them bo carefully treasured up ! They will be wanted at tho "Reckoning !"
Next morning I took a boat and guide—a coast-guard man , who could speak Irish , and went over to the Island of Arran , whicb is also the property of the Marquis of Conyngham . . This island is about fifteen miles in circumference , with a lofty hill in its centre , and a gradual declivity down to the sea . It contains eleven villages , each having from nine to fifty cottages , and has a population of about ] , 5 ( Wpeople ; it yields a rental of from S ' iW to £ 400 a-year to the Marquis of Conyngham , and is three-quarters of an hour ' s sail from the mainland . The rents here are much the same as those on the mainland , from 20 s . to 30 s . beiug paid for a cow ' s grass ; but the land is let in rundale .
I must explain the meaning of this form of letting to your readers . This form of occupation seems to liavo urisen from a small community equally dividing a portion of arable land for their potatoes , andSkolding the surrounding land in common . As the population increased , the patch of cultivated land being found insufficient to provide them with potatoes , some individual of the community was obliged to bring a patch of the grazing land held in common under cultivation , and the following year each member of the community claims the right of dividing this laud , made arable out of commonable land , into equal shares . The consequence of this mode of occupation has been , that a tenant will hold a dozen small patches of land in different places , and almost every potiitoe bed or ridge of oats belongs to a different tenant .
I landed at a village called Labgarroo , containing twenty-four cottages , and almost the whole of its shockingly-destitute and half-naked shoeless population immediately swarmed out and surrounded me , begging me to go into tlieir cottages—such of them , at least , as could speak English—and look at their misery . Some thrust scraps of paper into my hands with petitions written on them , praying for assistance to keep them from starving , for medical assistance , to have their rents reduced , and so on : such an assemblage of wretched beggar-like human being 3 I never saw . Picture to yourself the beggars who sometimes on Sundays lie about the pavements in the streets of London , dressed up to excite commiseration , and who writo with a piece of chalk on the flags " I ' m starving , " and then lay themselves down beside this scrawl crouched up in a violent shivering fit as the people pass them from church , and you have an exact fao simile of the kind of looking people around me—the tenants of tho
Marquis of Conjngham ! I asked oue man—a cobblerwho spoke English , to show me into one or two of the cottages near . I entered that of Nelly Gallagher ; sho pays 30 s . rent for one cow ' s grass . Sho was preparing her dinner of potatoes , and—what , think you ?—seaweed . They gather , I was told by some twenty of them ( aud saw them using it ) , a kind of seaweed called "dillisk , " which they dry , and boil as " kitchin" with their potatoes . It boils down to a kind of gluten with the potatoes , aud the salt in it , they say , makes the potatoes more palatable . In winter they gather the common seaweed which grows on the rocks , and which they call" dhoolaman , " in Irish , and cutting off the thin leaves at the extremities of tho weed boil these , when they cannot get " dillisk , " which is a better kind of seaweed . They showed me how they used it , and above a dozen of them told me the same story ; in fact , every one that I asked about it confirmed it . My guide , the coast-guard man , and a respectable seaman ,
assured me that the tenants on the mainland in the same manner lived on seaweed part of tlie year , and that they used it , as he called it , " kltcUln , " tomaketUeirpotaton more palatable , and in aid of tlieir potato food . Some of these tenants had quantities of laud as small as the fourth part of a cow ' s grass . Their cottages are stonehuilt , with mud floors , no chimneys , rarely any furniture iu then > , usually hay on the floor for a bed , with a rug ur old elo-ths foi' bud covering . I walked over the ¦ wlio . a island anst saw many such , and rarely any in the least degree better . There is a Roman Catholic chapel in tl . o island , and a school is talked of being built , but there is not one at present . Some kelp-burning is going on now , and this has helped the people a good deal . At times I ¦ was informed , and I cau well believe it from what 1 saw , that their destitution is horrible . They are , however , but a degree worse than the tenants on tho mainland opposite .
I left the island , and on landing came to this phice . Before leaving this estate , the high road crosses a strand at Anagivry , over which the tide flows ten feet deei > . This strand is one mile across , and the water was up to theaxleot ' thegig I was in when my guide attempted it . It was quite dusk , and I assure you it was perfectly trightful to a stranger to be in the middle of this slieet of water , the land every way at least half a mile oftj and not knowing whether the next step might not be into deep water . The Board of Works offered to make a road , to avoid tliis strand ; tlieMnrquis of Conjnglmm ' s agent , in the name of his principal , opposes this , and will not permit the road to be made throug h his waste bogland ; nix ) the public must , therefore , submit to the delay anil inebuvenience and danger of this strand . But what must this lie to a poor mnn or woman who has no horse or gig , and who is thus compelled often to wait hours for the tide , and then to wade a mile in water a yard deep »
Here , however , I leave the Marquis of Conyngharu s estate , with its thousands of acres of land capable of profitable cultivation , and its everywhere apparent neglect , mismanagement , and misery . His rents are probably not high , considering tlie capabilities of the land , but tliry are high considering tlieir actual state of cultivation . Tha tenants arc a not helped or put in the way of improving ; null it is evident that every shilling beyond bare subsistence is extracted from them and spent elsewhere . It is not » capital realized which ever benefits them . Some may say that the Marquis of Conyngham has a 1 ight to do as lie likes with his property . Grant that he has . butliehasne-riglitto
anybody ' s approval , if tins is what he likes ; and the empire has a right to complain if he so manages his large estate , that he produces general destitution and misery , and discontent—if , in fact , he-helps to make Ireland , that scene of povert y and wretchedness and disturbance ivliieli makes it a shame and a source of weakness , instead ofi ' being a pride and a souioe of strength to the ampire . " is possible that the Marquis of © onyngham way lie iV ' ^" ant of the condition of his Irish Uiiants ; bat "?"' /'" ' '' peral ' , ffdtpcr si : * to him . who permits , it , tho odiiwi of having such a tenantry ,, and an estate- so maua ' o ™ ' - rightly attaches ,
Ay , and the RESPONSIBILITY , as well as f odium ! We shaU have to try soon * whether K ' ^ SPOKSIBILITY ,. as attached to the- " owners '" * ; the-soil , is , as it is with Ministers , a pure farce . | it be , -we shall know what to do ! # it be not—th » " Harris" of Co . nssgiiam will havo lfr feel it ! Potatoes and seaweed for the workers , tto « fie may enjoy " yachting" and escape " msum ^' hay on tha floor fo , p a bed , with . au old rag as covering for betUlofchos : and this to give a " JIabQ ^ the means of spending without " business ! " We lw ' a often beavd tUe aphorism that " inwisvty ' liis ' duties as well as its ri ghts . " We are in a i ' ll ' ' ' " ' ascertaining the amount 91 truth coatained in '
assertion : and if it turn , out that there really « dmies to perform by tha " OWNER" of a " Ja ' = ° estate , " zvliat account ysi \\ this same MarquS * l > e to give of himself ? Great as may be bis " di ^ for business , " ho wiVi have to apply himself | ° ' " account , " or give , u 1 } his estate ! If he will enjo ) ^ rights , he must perfot m the dntice . If w 0 " . ' | 1 ( S must make way for those that will . Ma »§ w * " hh cant about " be has a right to do ets he lib * 0 e own , " he ivili have to RECKON UP ! Tli ^ ^ sLort answer to all such cant : " no in : " " *"' . v » io do WRONG cither with his own or ativW ^ . Has he , Mr . " Marquis" ? Let us hen * S ^ tend that he has ! Then we shall k « w n ^ what answer to give , but what measure ? - to'PP d
yow case . Admit the truth of oiw W Il 0 rls fJr you then we go into your case . Is it nofc wROXG L ^ so to manage ¦ " your" large estate , t 0 , jjas general destitution and misery n » . d discontsn ^ ^ not society the right to eomnlain of * f , ' ciivfimore ; has it not the right tr / a ^ ly ^ r ^ ihe ' ^' Hava a cavo , Mr . MsitQmsl yom ^ aehtiV . ^ ratcrfcred with , so losjr as it interferes "' of Ul < - ' " toes and paper-wzter" of the coiis-g " " * ties and Au'ou I
The Northern Star. Satuuday, September 13, 1845. More Of "Ireland's Ruin:" Or The
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATUUDAY , SEPTEMBER 13 , 1845 . MORE OF "IRELAND ' S RUIN : " OR THE
Untitled Article
' THE NORTHERN STAR . . Septembes j ^ jgjg ^
1≫^. ~I-Jlxdext Obder Of Unitjid Brothers (Leicester Unity).
1 >^ . ~ i-JlXDEXT OBDER OF UNITJiD BROTHERS ( LEICESTER UNITY ) .
Untitled Picture
Untitled Picture
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 13, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1332/page/4/
-