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Printed by DOUGAL M'GOWAX.of 17, e»«t n'm.SraiUstreet, Hnyni&rk«t, in the Citv ot' Westir.ia !l" "1, 1
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ODD FELLOWSHIP . . THE "iEGUITY" OF THE 1 ATE""SU ? . PENSIONS . " THEIil'iyJTJSTlCE , EVES IF " LEGAL . " A fortnight ago we indulged in a few observations onftomatters in dispute between the Directors of tlic Odd Fellows' Institution and acoiisiderablc num-Ler of its ' member who bare by iko * Directors beei : " suspend *! ' htm all " larftf » ^ 9 ^ benefits" which tlscy liive purchased and paid for ,
ana to which tiicy toe as good a moral title —(* . vc will explain , before we have done , why they arc deficient in legal title}—as any man can pBSsib ' 7 have to any snecies of-property whatever . Those observations Lave brought forth a " rephr" from a "George Cssbsveti , of H * Ce , who avcrstuatliclsontcnns of private intimacy with Mr . liiTCUEra ; , the'C . Si of the Order ; therefore , we presume , we may consider such " reply" to express more than the individual opinions « f the person u"iojenaiueitl > eais . The sujicicnciz-oC that " reply" weaiiailexamine , ere these remarks arc closed .
The main question to be deciuou , as the matter stow stands , is , were the Directors ofilie Odd Fellows ' Institute JUSTIFIED by the lavrsof the Orders in " sutpen-Jms" 30 , 009 of its members'fr om all communion wilt tin rest of their brother members , and from all tlic " benefits" they had purebased and paid for ? This is the beal question wliicli has to bejirst cawbJcrcX ; for on the aaswerto tais question dejjends some jsll-hnportant consequences . It often laiipens that In disputes of the nature of that which Las torn the Odd Fellows' Society into fragments , the Teal rtOiutsai Issue are lest in the indzviiUial contests fliat arc sarc to arise trader suth ciicurastanees ; and
all tlie attention and iorce of the respective parties to the erigural-auarrei are oftentimes concentrated and spent on littie , petty , but exciting personal squabbles , and llie great cause of &c division left to ¦ work cnoiiicT ej .-iil at another dao . Seen IS TJJE ¦ COURSE WHICH-T 3 E THESES ! DISVCIE IB TA 5 IMS ' . " Uttt the members of &e Order , both the ' . ' suspended" and the ( at present ) uususpended ones , will do well for then ? own ictcrcfts , if they see to it that the extra neous and petty personal matters that daily arise , occupy their o ; ra prousr place in tfte- laekground—to be disposed of when the main question of all shall have been duly considered and justly settled . It jcay be all . very well to inquire , at the proper time , whether . It-ie true that amon , ' ' disaffected " in tus Manchester Biettict , are
twelve individuals who were once "detected" in an " attempt to chest the Order , by sending in goods of an inferior- description to those they had contracted to supply : " aa-1 it may also be of service to inquire whether Mr . HitdiSb does still attend at races , and fcetonthem to a largo amount , afkr he Jios solemnly pledged Idmself to al-stein from tlie practice : Lui neither of these inquiries will explain tlt&raason why 30 .. 0 D 9 members have been "hung up" from , the privileges and-benefits they had purchased ; nor show that the directors of Una Order had JAW for their most extraordiaaiy step . Let us have all due inquiry into all alleged abuses and defalcations , in theirorder of import and date : but let not . the bandjlngs of personalities . from one side to the other gink out of sight the great nucstion of all .
That great questioms the one of " suspension . " Jf the power lately exercised by the Board of Directors he ala . vbf 3 . d 0 ne ; if the Board be properly invested with itbykw ^ iftlicyhavesuclipowcrcoafeiTedontUeniby " rule "—no ucmhir in . tJte ^ socieiy is safe ! lie has only to " -offend "—and Godinows that when persona ! dislikes have full plsy , matter of " offence" is sooa ibnnd ; he has only to offend , and forthwith he is deprived of the beacSts for which he has paid 1 It is irapossiWe to overrate the importance of this question . As we said , a fortnight ago , if the Directors of tUe Odd Fellows' Institution have the power , cf - { heir own tvI' 1 and accord , to " fBipend" any member ,
or lodge , or district , from tltelcnffitswhich tficy haifi purchased , it is a MONSTROUS TYRANNY—a tyranny-which the law of the land ought at oncet ) put down . WIsat ! a man enter a sick and burial JJencfitSoeiety , —and the OddFeliews' confederation , inotwHhstanding its hLjIi sounding name , is little more Hum this ; a man enter such a society ; pay to it for twenty or thirty long years , in the hope that vrnen sickness overtakes him , he may have the means of sustenance ¦ Brltuout straitening his friends or iiaving to apply to the parish ; and in the hope that -when death overtakes Mm , his children or his friends trillhavethe means cfinteiring him decently , and
providing suitable mourning for his nearest relatives t a man enter a society suthas this , and pay regularly to it for a long lifetime , o ' ten stinting himself of tLe very necessaries of life " to pay his Lor " ge , " as thousands have had to do ; a man to do all this for such jm olyect ^ -and be subject to be "suspended ? ' from * he benefits he has tsw fob , PURCHASED , with ids own hard earnings : "suspended , " too , at the jnere Trill and pleasure of a Eoard of Directors Talk of injustice or tyranny in the land of the Moguls—let them match that if they can J Iso matter how your Directors are chosen : no matter Whether your choice bo confined to the Manchester
district , or you havethe " high privilege" of having one from Bristol : no matter all this , if such a power is given to your Directory , hoivcocr chosen , it is anwneadvaralUtyraany , and a fraud on those who have entrusted you with their monies . And then again : if the laws of the Order confer no such power ; ff the Directors are not entrusted with it ; if it he not "in the books , " and they have ateumei and presumed to vss rr , what name shall we designate the act by ? It it would bean UNENDURABLE TYRA 2 s ^ Y , even if conferred % law , what would it be if exercised without law ? It would ha douWc-distilled DESPOTISM of the worst eliaraeifli' .
To that language we still adhere . j& » y , the act contemplated in the abore paragraph , is one so Utterly atrccion 3 , sc heartless , and of such a . fraudu lent character , tliat if we could find stronger terms in -which , to speak of it , we wonld gladly use them . We < an imagine of nothing so outrageous of all the prinples of fair-play and honest dealing . And now , then , as to the question oflejalitu . Have the Board of Directors such a power conferred on 4 hefil ?
On the occasion when we used the language above ^ notcd , -we pat this point very strongly . Wbfcuew it to be the real jirrcn . "ft ' e felt that this was the . pinching point ; and we observed that there was a disposition to mi , fc _ to SInother jfc b ft ^ ^ ferment about personal mattes . We therefore put it prominently forward ; poked it under the nose of the Board of Directors ; challenged them or their *? olopte to meet it . We said , ti , is point the Board flf Directors and their apologists invariably dirh ^ eTer da we find them tackling it . We invite them
ton . We invite theai to show that tiizy have law for * vhat they have done . Let U 3 see the law ; andtUen UtJ will express our opinion both of it and its makers , « nd do Our best to get it consigned to Ihe place where all jucfc Iaw 3 should he sent—the devil ' s kitchen fire . Again we ask them to show us this law ; and . failing that , we invite them to defend and justifu tlicir acts ' We offer our columns , free of expense . We care not -who the cliamx'ion is : whetber Lo be the G . M . of ihe Order , Mr . IUtci-iffc , Mr . Ashdowx , or Mr . Any-body-else . Let aay one defend and jcstift the acts we have narrated , aad we will do our utmost to
get him the Situation of " operator with the how-¦ Strinij" to the " grand" Turk : for it is clear that England ' s air is not fit for him ! That challenge has been accepted . Strange to say it is , if wo mistake act , a Chartist that Las appeared as the champion 2 We have some recollection 4 > f a person beariss the name of Gaxdelett figuring as a Clnrtht ; aud , if « ve < Jon't err , "this Is llie man . " If we are in error , we crave pardon of the Chartist who has the misfortune to bear flic name of our present correspondent . Be the fact as to his profession of Chartism as it may , l . . ; »« , defending and justifying act which cannot be oni-matehea in all the records of despotism that exist 1 Uon- well he succeeds in life justification we shall presentlv see .
Previous , however ; to entering on that part of our JBflaeet we vnll hare the Directors' own explanation , ^ ic never like ta have intbiTnation at second-hand s % ; e can get it at first-liar . d ,. It is a principle with us to la ' * **** & **» oun tale ,- for we think he fcnows his c * Ca ^ b £ sfc > Sonie time ago we intimated our int 6 u . * "' a of Iettin = tie Mwctms speak ibrtheDiselves . This 7 ^ dcae , in the persons
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of Jlr . Ashdoyfs and Mr . 0 . S . Ratcufje . "We shall now let * hem speak collectively . Subjoined is tlitir oiwi account of thtir own -acts , addressed : — To the Members of the Metnshesler Unity of the Independent Order , of Odd Fellows . The officers of the order are under the painful necessity of drawing the attention of the whole Unity to the proceedings which have taken place in the Manchester and Salford districts , where a vast majority of the members have resorted to the most disgraceful practices to bring into contempt tlie resolutions passed by th ^ Glasgo « - A . 1 L C , ana to prevail upon the members of the two districts not to comply with the same , or the instructions of the GII . and Board of Directors .
All who were at the A . JLC . toII recollect the deseriptien of suspended characters that attended from Jlaiichester and Salford at Glasgow , to poison the minds of the deputies assembled in annual committee against the ofiiceis of the order aud directors ,. « ho had suspended them fur not compljiug with the 2 Gtn resolution of the Xcwcastle-upon-Tj-ne A . M . C . Their conductmetrriththe just condemnation it so riciil ? merited ; and , finding they were not successful in their mission to Glasgow , they rtifeir . ied home and immediately commenced an attack upon ¦ each officer of the order , uiul directors , whom they supposed Were opposed to diem in their nefarious designs . In Manchester and SalforJ the District 1 'unerul Fund kuve paid to a member on the death of his wire the sum of £ 10 . The A . M . C . having , hy resolution , laid down . a scale rrgulatius ; the amount to be paid at the death of a
member or Ins wife , for tae same amount of contributions , throughout the Unity , which will have the effect of preventing the members in Manchester and Salfvird receiving greater beuuiits tlwn other districts ; this was at once seized upon by a gr < iat proportion of the members , aud in , open lodges , streets ^ aud public-houses they denounced the measure as tyrannical , oppressive , unjust , aud one calculated to destroy tlic indci > enilence of the order . Evory- ; bs-ly connected with the Executive Government of the ; order was assailed in scurrilous songs , pamphlets , aud placards , and ofiinsive documents were posted on the ¦ nails of . Manchester aud Salford . The suspended members , together with a . largo nuinljev of \ v . ist officers audni » jnhers of the two distriets ,- , noiv miide no secret of theii" iutcnUou . —that they would resort to any means , - however despicable , to break up aud destroy the institution . '
: The Quarterly Committee of . the Manchester district was diaivis s near , when the independence of the district Was to 1 ) 8 declared , thelaws of' the order trampled upon , aiuiilie instructions of the G . 1 L and Board of Directors set at cciiaiice . The lodges were attended by tlic disaffected parties , and iuflamiuatory speeches and epithets , too odious to name , were applied to every member of the order ir . io . ivas disposed to conform with the General Laws of tha Institnticu . In one particular instance an oiiiccr of t ' aa order , ivith four of ihe direcscrs , attended a lodge iu Jilaueiester , and a signal was immediately givou to " turn him out , " " Umib Mm through Hie window , " when others suggested , as a wilder coui'se , tliat they should wrench the logs from the tables aud beat out his brains . These , circumstances arc named , « o that 5011 may ibvuy
some idea of the means that havebeen resorted to excite the Elsciutrs . The disaffected members were now prepaTed to carry out all they had professed , uut wcr * short ' of " leadsrs "—they did not remaiu in that position long —it was soon whispered abroad that P . P . G . il ' s John Wuitciuttd and Livesey , both from . Soehdale , wera to draw then . clearances and join lodges in . Manchester , su that they could he appointed deputies to attend the QuarttrlyCominittee . The ofiicers cfctbe or . ler , and also those past olficirs who knew P .. 3 ? . 6 . it . Wh ' . tehead , thought this was a " ruse "—hut , alas I they wore doomed to be disappuinted , and they saw with regrut a past officer ally hiniseif with those who had so openly expressed themselves wishful to breakup the institution . P . P . G . M's T 7 nitchcad and Livesey did draw their clearances and join different lodges , and on the subsequent lodge-nighc boili were appointed deputies to the Quarterly Committee
0 " the 3 Ianchs 3 ter distriei . On Saturday evening , June ^ Ist , lSi 5 , previous to tlie Quarterly Committee bring held , the town vras placarded with bills , announcing a public meeting , which was to be lisldina laigeroomin JTicho ! as-Croft ,. admission one penny each . The meeting was not confined to the members of the order , any one who pxid one penny could be admitted . At the meeting the msmbi-rs of the . order were the principal speakers , aud , W . thout confining themselves to any grievance , they poured forth a volley of abuses not only outlis G . 21 . and Hoard of Directors , but all who dared to carry out the General Laws of the order , in opposition to what the majirityof the niembarsoftho Manchester and Salford dUtrictsliad declared tc be uncoiistitutioiml and tyrannical . Tfieproceedings of ths meeting wwepuWishedis the form of a small pamphlet , . price one penny each , and care was taken to circulate them very extensively in the neighbouring districts .
The G . 31 . and Board of Directors assembled on Monday , the 23 rd of June , aud the whole of the Circums . tailt'GE irere laid before them , when they unanimously determined that all those who had taken , part in the public meeting should he made an ex&mple of to deter others from pursuing a similar course , . and they passed the following resolutions : — "That the Board view sritli regret the attempts that are being mada iu the Manchester and Salfovd districts to excite the members into aets of insubordination , therefore , ivith a view of effectually putting a stop to such
practices , the directors herewith instruct the officers of the Manchester district to suspend , immediately , from all connscticn with the ilauchtster Unity o £ Independvut Order of Odd fellows , 31 . C . IIuIIt , of the Kelson lodge ; Joseph Taylor , of the Lily of the Valley Lodge ; Benjamin Stott , of the Shakspeare Lodge ; Robert Wood , of the Dulce of Cleveland Lodge ; and E . J . Itiehardson , oi the Star lodge—all of the Manchester district—until tinnext A . M . C . j which will be held at Bristol on Whit-Monday , ISIS ; and you are further instructed to make known the contents of tills letter to fho whole of the lodges in the Manchester distiict immediately . "
" That , should any meraoer of tlic ovdtr take part in any publ . ' c meeting in connection with the suspended lodges or members , they will be liable to suspension ; and district officers are requested to caution all members from attending any public meeting -that may be called to discuss any matter conuected with the ordtr . ' ^ Charged irith the onerous and important duty of carrying into effect alterations and changes of ia greater magnitude than any yet recorded in the history of youv iasntution , and , considering the present excited sta ' te of feeling in Manchester , aud Salford ( an excitement calculated to lead to the dismemberment of the unity , unless speedily and promptly allayed ) , the Board of Directors feel it imperatively necessary to throw themselves , freely and unreservedly , upon the support of the general body
of the members , whnst strenuousl y and conscientiously endeavouring to carry into effect ' laws passed in strict conformity with the constitutional usageo of the order . Tlie directors feel that it would be iU-advistd and premature to offer any opinions of their own upon the character of enactments avowedly passed to remedy great and acknowledged evils , because the change hasbecu untried , and consequently as yet inoperative . The functions of the board are purely administrative , and as such the present Executive are determined to uphold lhem in their fullest integrity , without favour and without fear , regardless of clamour and individual feeling , confident that tht GeueralLausafforuafuilaudeCective uieansofredressiiig any evils or defects in the operation of the proposed changes , after a fair and reasonable trial . The efficacy of any law can only be ascertained after a period of
practical operation , and dissatisfaction can only be justified after proof of the inefficiency of any measure to answer tlie ends proposed ; and the directors feel satisfied the Manchester Unity , as abody , will notdepartfrom acourse which reason and experience alike point out as the most Consistent and Straigutfonvard one . Inflammatory placards and scurrilous songs are weapons of attach as yet nnrecognised hy the unity ; and in awarding prompt punishment to the parties introducing such disgraceful innovations upon established usage , the directors feel that they are justly entitled to the unqualified support of members of every shade of opinion . When tbe laws of tht order cease to be operative and effective for redress or punishment , the days of the institution will be numbered , affording another melancholy addition to the long list o ! abortive efforts on the part" of the working classes for amcliuratimr their own condition through the agency of
provident associations . The tie -which binds the Manchester Unity , strong though it be , can be far more easily severed than united . A day , an hoar , a word , will suffice to overthrow the labours of a quarter of a century , and every step calculated to lead to results so inimical to the welfare of our body , require to be met with promptness and decision . The Bfrectgrs feel it due to their own chai'settr and the dignity of the order to state at once aud explicitly , that during the period for winch the welfare of the order is committed to their care they will Know neither district , lodge , or
brother—they will administer the laws in all their integrity , without fear or favour—and by the lawu of the institution they are prepared to stand or fall . £ ' n - « o 1 }? ? kVinsou V . P . G . M . Morris Lemon ™ -H ! - tV Eli £ iltt r . r . G . M . Tuiiiam Ctindelct l' . O . M . Henry Whaite PK 0 V . G . M . Wm . 15 . Smith PjG . M . James Mansfield lU ' . C . S . P . W . Simeon P . P . G . M . Edward Powell 1 'UOV . C . S . James Hoe P . P . G . M . William Machsm I ' . G . Charles Ashdou-n P . l' . G . M . TCiiiain Brown P . G . Gcoree Counard P . r . G . M . Francis Smith
C . S . William IUtciiffe , Secretary . Xow that i 3 tlitir own account ! We have looked over it carefully , to gather from it WHAT LAW they appealed to , authorising them to take the step they ftrc 50 careful to tell us they unanimously resolved on . It is true that at the close we find what we trust -trill not turn out to be mere bombast—the expression of a determination to " know neither uistriet , loAgC . OF brother "— " to administer the laws in all tlielriutGuriti '"—and " to stand orfall by the laws of tlie institution : " but we in vain search for
the adducing of Javr to sanction tlie exfr . > . ordinrry step of " suspending" the raei ? tber . s of the Manchester district "from all connection with the Order , " NOT for what they had done—but for vmt it ivis srs « pected they iverc going to do . ' ! We say we ssarcli in vain for the adducing of a law jcsti / W ? sael 1 a course ; and we are lost in amazement at iJje t ' exhibited by those who talk so glibly of " at ! m > istering tlie laws in all their integrity , " and of " stam m S or falling by them ; " we are staggered at the facC shown by those who talk mes , if it shoull turn out
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that wnat they uiu was not only not accordant with law but in defiance of law ! Look at the defence ! We mean the Directors ' own appeal to the members of the Order to support them ia the ceurse they had determined on . Examine the reasons adduced for the " suspensions . " This is the hitch . ' It is all very well for the Directors to take a course , and then wake the appeal -ad miscricordimn to bo sustained in their attempt to bear down opposition witha hiijh hand . But what arc their-raisons for adopting such a coursed These the membei-s at large -will inquire for , if they be true to
themselves and their brethren , before they answer such appeal , or condemn , as the Board Live done , thousands of their brother members idthout a hearing . ' What then arc the < Kasonst as set forth by the Board of Directors themselves ? What their cogency ? What their force ? Reason . . first , is , that -some members of the Manchester District were dissatisfied ¦ with . Ihe new scale of payments and benefits sought to be in " troduecd amongst them , and to ivhkh iJtey were to be subject : andthat they expressed such dissatisfaction , " denouncing the measure
astvranuical , oppressive , unjust , and one calculated to destroy tlic independence of the Order /' Reason second , is , that the Executive were assailed in scurrilous songs , pamphlets , and placards , and offensive documents were posted on the walls of Manchester and Salford . Reason third , is , that a large number of . the members made no secret . of their INTENTION to resort to . any means , liowevcr despicable , to break up and destroy tlie institution . lieason fonrtfi , is , that the Quarterly Committee
of the Manchester District was draiviny . near , when the independence of the district WAS TO BE declared , the laws of the order ¦("• • WAS TO BE ! " ) -trampled on-: and the instructions of the G . M . and Board-of Directors ( "WAS TO BE !! > B 3 t at defiance . ¦ Meascn fifth , is , that Lodges were attended by the dis 0 Jfectcd : r > aYties , and Apfiananatory speeches and epithets applied toeveiy member of-tho Gi'dei disposed , to conform to the general laws . of . the institution .
Reason sixih , is , tLit on one particular occasion ac officer of the Order attended a Lodge ; and some one , more . ; sealous than wise , suggested that he-should be tusaed out ; while another proposed to throw hid out of the «~ indow ; and another suggested that they shouklwrench . the legs off the table , and beat oat his brains . Season ? seven . ili , is , tliat it was wispcrcd that " brothers" Messrs . : WuiTEiiEAD . and Livesey , of BoeMals , were to draw their clearances , and join Lodges in Manchester , so that they could be appointed deputies to the Manchester Quarterly Committee .
Season eighth , is , that" toothers" Wdieehead and Livesev did draw their clearances . ; did join Manchester Lodges ; and mere appointed deputies to the Quarterly Committee . Reason . ninth , is , that a putoie meeting was called tp consider -on the new scale of payments , at which one penny each for admission was charged . Reason icnti , is , that the principal spcatoa at such meeting . were members of the Order ; that they did not confinethemsclves to any grievance . but poured forth a volley of abuse not only on the G . M- And Hoard of Directors , but also on all who DirED to caun out the general laws of the
Order . ,. ,. ¦ , Reason eleventh , is , that the proceedings of such meeting were published m a pamphlet , price one penny : and , Reason Uve ' ftli , is , that caro was taken to ci' -cuUte such pamphlets very extensively in the neighbouring districts . There is the whole " case , " as the lawyers ¦ say . There are the " REASONS , " evei-y one of them , set forth in their own language , and in all their force ! There is the whole dozen : what thinks the reader of them ? For ourselves , when reading them
—when hearing the play on the terms "disaffected , " " inflammatory sjxeches , " " scurrilous eongs , " " ojfen ' slve documents , " " INTENTION to destroy tlie imtitnion "— when meeting these phrases in bristling array In this fcrnvdable bill of indictment , we fancied we had been " translated" back to the days of Casilereaoe and SiDMofiir , ancl were reading " one of the documents dropped out of the green-lag of the reign of terror I" How true is it that tyranny and oppression in all ages is ever the same ! It cannot even change the phraseology in winch it seeks iofastifyit *
aits . On the miserable plea of "disaffection , ' " scimilovs placards , " and " INTENTION to destroy our institutions , " was the Habeas . Corpus Act suspended , and the liberties of the whole people placed in abeyance . On tlie charge of " the time drawing nigh when independence WAS TO BE declared ; " when "law WAS TO BE trampled on ;" when "the Government WAS TO BE set at defiance ; " or such a senseless and wicked charge as this , were hundreds immured in dungeons , and act ; done , which have sent the namc 3 of the perpetrators down
to posterity" Festering in the infamy of years . " And yet , Uteiv example could alone be followed by the Odd Fellow Directors , and tlicir very language copied , in justification of Ihcir copied deeds ! But lot us examine these " reasons" a little more closely . Let us satisfy ourselves of their wfflcimy . Let us reason on the " heasoxs . " They need it , to get out of them a justification of the course pursued . first . Those tkat were dissatisfied with the new scale of payments , which it was sought to make bindin" on them , expressed that dissatisfaction !
Tremendous crime ! Never to be forgiven ! What dare to entertain dissatislaction of that which had been " ordered" for you ; dare to be dissatisfied with that which affects your " payments" ana your rate of " benefits : " dare to be dissatisfied with this , — - and to express tour dissatisfaction 1—0 fie Naughty ! most naughty ! How intolerable . How ' * annoying" to persons in authority , who have arranged all in apple-pie order , and who can ' t brook opposition from those who have nothing to do with laws but to obey them . But still we cannot see that either this dissatisfaction , or its exthessiox , is
against law . Surely there is no law m tbe Order to prevent dissatisfaction , nor its expression' ! If ss , it has been woefully inadequate : for , for years there has been much " dissatisfaction , " and pretty loudly EXPRESSED toO . S 2 cond . —The Executive were assailed in scurrilous SOngS , pamphlets , placards , and offensive documents . What wickedness ! To daro to assail wich offensive publications , men , who , in the double character of VmECTORS-and-tradcsmcn to the Order , HAVE POCKETED < £ 3 Gj 554 during the last seven years ! How scandalous that such an " offensive " fact as this should be commented on ! How
unbearable too , that Mr . Ratciiffe should be told that at the Bradford A . M . C , he solemnly pledged himself to abstain from attending horse races and betting ; and that he has forfeited ; his word and broken faith . How offensive all this : but still not against lo . w ! Very annoying no doubt ; but still not lawful ground for a " suspension : " and even if it were , have the right parties—the parties \ vlu > wrote and circulated the scurrilous documents—been made alone to answer ? Ifc . is likely that they have been suspended : " for the whole district is denied " all connection with the Order ; " on the principle , we suppose , on which tbe " offended" master flogged the wliole SCllOOl s tliat the " offending" party might not escape .
Third . —' A large number of the members made no secret of their INTENTION to break up the institution . " Here we get iairly into it ! Here we have a reason which has always been assigned by tyranny to justify its terrific inflictionR . The men of Manchester , then , are punished for INTENTIONS not for acts ! What a miserable plea ! How likelv too ! Men who had paid for a long life-time to entitle themselves to certain benefits ; men who had made the Order their savings' bank , and invested in Ji tlicir little means to support tkmvfhftn laid on
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the tea of sicltness , and to inter them when dead ; men who had done this , to declare their INTENTION to break up the institution ! Incredible ! Tell tlie tale to the horse marines . They may have declared their INTENTION to break up the confederacy of Directors-and 4 radesmen , which had pocketed £ SG , 55 i in seven years ! They mat have declared their INTENTION of making manifest the danger of entrusting hundreds of thousands of pounds in the hands of a man whose mania for gambling is so strong as to lead him to BREAK FAITH with those to whom ho had solemnly
p ledged his honour . They may have declared their intention to break up this sort of system in tlicir Institution : and all honour to them if they did so declare ; but that they would be such puerile fools as to seek to break up the entire Institution , in tvhich their savings ivcre invested , is what no man of common sagacity will believe . But even supposing that they bad done all that is charged , still it is not against Jaw ! There is no law to suspend a man for avowing his " INTENTION to break-up the order . " He must perform acts—acts of which the law takes cognizance , before he can be made to answer for them 1 and even then he cannot be lawfully "
suspended" without trial ! Four ' Ji . Here is the grand reason of all . Do , pray , read ifc over attentively . Do , pray , con it over ; take it in its sco }) c—its extent . Because the time was drawing nigh , when ACTS would have hcai committed which would , on proof , have JUSTIFIED " suspension ; " because certain measures "WAS TO BE" adopted , the Board of Directors stepped in , and tmfattf u % " suspended" those that had , as yet ,
done nothing against law . ! And this the Board did to prevent those very breaches of the law which would have justified " suspension , " had they been brought home . Now is not that reason satisfactory ? Could more be desired by any one to prove the . guilt of those who are excommunicated ? Bah ! l—it is all a tortuous wriggle of men who feel they are in the mire , and who throw the mud about to . blind those they wish not to see their dirty condition .
ii / t / t . This ieason is akin to reason -first . The *« dissatisfied" parties were the " disaffected ; " and the " . expression" of dissatisfaction" made up the " " inflammatory speeches . " Still all in accordance with law . No -breach of vule . Lodges can be -visited , and speeches made : and it is not . yet enjoined by law that the speakers are to speak in honied phrases , when speaking of the Directors , unless their actions warrant it . For instance :: -it was not absolutely necessary to say thai ; Mr . iRatcliffe hail maintained Ms honour by keeping hisplcdgcabGut gambling : and if he should , at these Lodge meetings , have been called iMui-BREAKER , it would be-aa " epithet "—but still not without evidence ofibeing the true one .
Sixth . We should like to know ivho " tlie officer " was , -whose reception was > eo flattering ! It shows how well he is liked by those among whom he has acted in . an official capacity . But we know not . that likes or-dislikes for / a a . reaszn for " suspending " membcis . of a benefit society from privileges they have paid for ! It does not appear that any of the valiant proposals to " turn him . out , " or "throw him out of the . window . " or "knockout his brains with
the legs of 'the table , frere acted on . Had tuey boon , no doubt but the parties " . offending" would have been answerable to the " general law" of the land , cither for assault , or murder , as the case might be : bat even then such acts would Jliave been no ground for the Board of Biveetavs suspeactmg " the offenders from all connection with . the Order—( Jack Ketch would have done that . effectually enough ) : much less were the bare proposals or throats any reason why other parties who did not make or join in them should be " suspended . '" ' Seventh . Here we aise getting to close quarters . We are hearing of the . whispers . Tyranny always jf £ ars whispers ; buta mere ic / aspcrisnotalwayssufiicient evidence on which to lutflgaman ; nor ought it to be to cause him to be " suspended" in another
manner . Eighth . Now we fall off in cogency . Our " reasons " get weaker . Every day ' s practice in tha Order tells every member that it is lawful fop clearances to be drawn ; for other Lodges to be entered ; and for appointments to the Quarterly Committee to be made , 'i here is no law that exempts Messrs . Wihtehead and Livesey from tha privileges of the Order ; nor any reason in the " REASON , " only to the Directors who enter in their black-book the names of all who do not chirp out ' See how we apples swim . "
Ninth . Horrible ! To think of dissussing in ptiWic the "benefits" of Odd-Fellowship . Shameful but still lawful . The reason for such public meeting we must have . On this head we transcribe what we have formerly said , Tlie Board of Directors have arranged a new scale of payments , to come into operation in January next . This step is one that deeply concerns the whole Order . It is a change , and a material change too , in the mode of conducting their business . It moreover introduces a nau princi 2 ) le into the management of the institution . Hitherto many matters of detail have been left to the lodges
themselves , it only being required of thetn that they conformed to the general laws , and paid their quota of general expenses . Amongst other things the rate of lodge contributions and lodge benefits were left to be determined on by the parties themselves—it boing held that each lodge would best know its own requirements , and how to arrange to meet them . The new scale breaks down this principle of independent action . Ifc provides , that for such and such benefits you must pay after sucli and such rates . There is in it the principle of centralization , in opposition to the principle of independence of
control . It was natural that such a step would excite remark , at the very least . It did more ; it excited discussion-. Some parties contended that it was a step not at all needed , or at all warranted by the facts of the case . Others contended that it would prove to be highly advantageous ; that it would place the Order on a fumcr basis than it had hitherto oc " cupied ; that it would effectually prevent those lamentable failures of lodges from want of means to fulfil their engagements , which they had often had to witness ; and others agaivi contended that it was part of a deep laid scheme to get possessed of cbxtbalised
power , and eventually a control OYCr all tho funds of the society . Iu this state of mind , n . meeting of the members of tho Manchester District was called , to consider the subject . We opino that such a course was perfectly fair . We opine that Mr . Ratcliffe and his coadjutors have not yet gone tlie length , of denying to the members of the Order the right of forming opinions for themselves , and of expressing those opinions too , if they think fit . Surely we have not yet got tlic powers of the Inquisitors of Spain , as well as the despotic assumptions of the ( once ) Dey
of Algiers " centralised" in the Ordoi- of Odd Fe ! low 3 ! And yet it is difficult to account for the conduct of Ih . W . Ratcliffe and the Board of Directors on any other ground . Because this meeting , to discuss a matter which concerned them , was held ; aud because five certain individuals attended it , —{ all five did not take part—only attended it ); BECAUSE they did this , they were " mzpended" by Mr . Ratcliffe and the Directors , in utter defiance of the laws of the Order , which provide certain modes of TRIAL after due notice to the accused !
Tenth . Same as reason first and fifth . Dissatisfacdon was felt : it was expressed : and this was " abuse . " Still all was in accordance with law , Eleventh . Precisely same as the last . If the members have a right to form opinions , and to ex . press them , they have a right to publish them : for tliat is but a variation in the mode of expressing opinion , If they have not a right to form opinions " or express them , of course tho " reason" holds good ; and the Odd Fellows' Institution is formed on a very liberal basis !
Twelfth . Contained in the two last . And now , then , what is the end of all this ? what the conclusion to wbich we are forced to come ? Why , that in the " reasons" adduced by the Board oi ' Directors for their " suspensions , " iiot ouosoin-
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tillaof justification can be found-only the tyrant ' s constant p lea-NKCESSirr or example ! Not one atom of too for the acts which deprived 30 , 003 members of the benefits they had purchased and paid for ! Not a shred of a reaion why all law and right , should be so sliamelcssly . trampled on . Tho rules expressly state " that any member breaking the general laws of the Order shall be TRIED by a Committee of his whole Lodge , ok by me district ; aud that fourteen days' notice shall be given him previous to trial ; Buob notico " specifying the charger and all that we have above seen is a miserable and abortivo attempt on the part of the Board of Directors to justify their flagrant departure- from such law . Having thus dis wed of the Directors' own defence ,
and shown that their " reasons" arc utterly untenable , besides being paltry and shameful , we now proceed to give the defence offered for them by taeprivate friend of Mr . Katcliffjj , Mr . Gkoiice Caxdelbtt-Iler-i it is : — TO THE EDITOB OF TUB SOItTHERS STAB . " Hear me , and than strike me . " Sin , —I have for the last few weeks waited with anxiety for the appearance of your long-promised remarks upon the whole matters in dispute amongst tlie Odd Fellows , which I " suppose lfind in your last week ' s paper , given as an introduction to the communications from Mr . Ratcliife , the C . S . of the order , which said communication you say "docs not at
explain , nor meet , nor settle the real question issue . " True , 0 king . It docs not settle tlie real Question at issue ; nor yet do I believe that Mr . llateiittc would wish to evade the real question at issue , by trying to carry the war into the enemy s camp , and ' put Ills assailants on their defence lor wJiat tlicv did when they had tlic power .- ho , no suoUis not Mv . RaieVifftt ' a mteutian . I Imc it ui private kom Mr . Ratciitfe , that he will not only retort but prove , if you like , to the satisfaction ot any tribunal , if called upon to do so , that he is innocent of what hath been anonymously laid to his charge . It is sir a most surprising circumstance to me that vou Will g ive insertion to such anonjrwioiiw coinxnH ? 1 ? - cntions as those r ananatinp from the " Old Odd fellow , " refiectinsj on private character . 11 the Old Odd Fellow" hath scores of witnesses to prove tlie
"uilt of Mr . Ratcliffe , which would amount to a Breach of the resolution of the Bradford A . M . C ., out with it . By so doing ; ho would render the society a service . 1 think him incapable of doing so . There is something in general in anonymous writingspeaking behind a curtain , that is suspicious ; especially when directed against private character . If what the " Old Odd Fellow" status be true , why not identify himself with his sublime effusions , instead of leaving the matter mysteridus ? Why not give a few of those assertions some validity , by giving proof beyond mere assertion , instead of endeavouring to create suspicion , to destroy confidence in Mr . Ratcliife and the Board of Directors , tho object of the speeches of the meal-house meetings , and of the retiuwka of " Probe . " I may be told this is not the
real question at issue , ah : ll ; ttc ! iifc refers to these worthies in the Manchester district , not , as you would insinuate , for ' the purpose of evading your programme of " real question at issue , " but to show that they are not the " meek and lowly innocents " they would you should ximlerstand they are . In ' o ; but for the purpose of showing that one out of the five individuals thai were suspended , Mr . Stott , formed one of the Board of Directors in 1 S 42 , which suspended a great number of members and lodges f ' ov dividing their funds to sustain themselves during the strike of ( he above period ; and some , be it understood , upon the mere report that they had done so , which afterwards turned out to be fallacious :
suspended too without any xkial , or arrangement ! 'S : \ xasintroducing the " gagging precedent" or " suspension of habeas corgis , " as it hath been termed . Those " suspensions" did . iu > t take place in 1 S-43 , as "Probe" tcllcthyou , when-Or . Richmond , J . Mansfield , VV . and H . ilatclifle , J . Eoiscr , T . Jeffs , E . K , Davies , E . R . Elliot , and Wm . F . Eurdett were in power . Thus I shall be able to show that " Probe " and his co-patriots are up to tlie neck in tlie dirt . When the # oarcl of Directors of 18-13 come to give an account of theft' stewai'dsUin to fciic A . M . 0 . at Bradford , there was ; i sub-committee appointed out of the General A . M . C , to examine their proceedings . TJiis Bradford A . M . 0 . was the most numerously attended meeting the order ever lj . 'id : and
can Messrs . llully , Stott , Wood , aud Hardy eay their voices were cvci- ' i-aised against a single sentence in the report of that committee , all of which individuals are now ivrWdng wider wounds inflicted with instruments of their own mcvunfacturing ; and all of whom were present at the A . M . C , where this precedent was sealed and acknowledged by the representatives of the unity , and placed iu the hands of all succeeding boards for use in similar cases of emergency , where tho dismemberment of the unity is threatened . ' If they cannot recollect how they acted themselves , when this precedent was made , very probably it will bo recollected by them , how the deputies from Hyde , Middleton , and Oldham acted in the matter ; one o : whom , William Candelett , at present one of the Board of Directors , pointed to the coxsequexcks
that were likely to ensue from the acknowledgment oj the precedent . Yot it was no use . VcHhg ifo Botml of Directors ivith the power of suspending previous to tkial was determined on . But , sir , I will now approach the real question at issue . _ You ask why five individuals were " feusuunded , " in the Manchester district , sonic of which neither took part in promoting , ol' In the proceedings of tho meeting , for which they were suspended . Sir , for the truth of promotion of the meeting , you would do well to read the docunients again—the documents on which you found your comments ,- especially the address from the Manchester district . But what of this , you may say ; are they to he cut off from all connection with the order , merely because they wore the promoters of a meeting ? Ko . no ; God forbid that such should be the case . It is essentially necessary that you should have ii hint or two concerning the character of the meeting ,
or the Pflo . Morio . Y of which they were suspesded Firstly , it was a meeting convened- by a . scurrilous placard , at the charge of a penny admission to the mblic , no matter whether they were' members or not . Secondly , it was a meeting at which an individual took part who was not a member at all ol the order-: and thirdly , it was not a meeting to consider " Ratcliifc's sliding scale . " It could not be so , inasmuch as Mr . RaMiftc ncyes submitted auy scale of either payments or receipts to the last A . M . C ; neither directly or indirectly did he submit anythin" to the last A . M . C , affecting our finances . Tho present question of our finances lies entire y between Mr . reiser of Manchester and Mr . Smith
of Birmingham . I think , sir , then , this is something near the question at issue . Such being the CIlAHACTELlot ' the meeting , I think , sir , together with the tenor of tlie speeches I issued from tlieMeal-Jiouse meeting , and what is given in tlic above , it is pretty evident that their OBJECT ivas of a serious nature , most vitally affecting the unity , axd called foh PK 0 X 1 PX IXTERFEItEXCE FROM THE BOARD , ivho are merclv administrators , and . NOT MAKERS OF LAW NOR PRECEDENT . You ask lor iiib law , if any , under which tho above fiva individuals were suspended . Ilcre , siv , then , you have it as follows ; --In the 19 th page , No . 03— " any Lodge admitting
expelled , suspended , or illegal persons , ' or in any way giving them countenance or aid , by allowing them the use of any regalia or loilgo property , such lodge shall , from tho time of commit ting such acts , become suspended from all benefits ami privileges of the order , until they shall satisfy tho quarterly committee of the district ; and if such practices be persisted in or repeated after notice being given them of thu illegality of such proceedings , they shall bo expelled the order /' I remain , youvs , Gbobge Caxdelett , Olive Branch Lodge , I lydc district . September lith , 1 S 15 .
Has Mr . Caxdelett mended the matter ? Is the juttlfication more apparent than it was ? Has lie nC " diiced law for his positions ? Ko : but he shelters tho Board of Directors under a PRECEDENT which ho himself furnishes reason to condemn ! And here we are sgain , cheek-by-jowl with tyranny ' s apologists . Tlie two ouly picas which are set up to justify every rascality—every assault on freedomevery abridgment of liberty—every act of oppression , is set up by the Board of Directors and tucir defender . " Necessity" is the one : "Precedent" is the other ! What bitter shifts we are put to , when we have to learn our lessors in snch a anhonl !
And now , then , for this " precedent . " JCeow . se some men , in 1 S = 2 , set the laws at defiance , and trampled on all ri « ht , and got indemnified for so doing , that is a REASON why another s . t-or men should trample on all law in 184-5 ; deny all right ; and ROB 30 , 000 individuals of that which they have purchased with their hard-saving 3 ! Such is tho teaching of tins apostle of liberty ! Why , man , Castlereaou and SimiouTU set the very precedent . ' They were aware of " dissatisfaction ; " they
were aware of its " expression ; " they charged INTENTION-, " they called tha people " itisojji'ciecl ;" t ' icy spoke of insubardination ; " tliey complained much of " inflammatory speeches , " and " ' offensive documents : " and they suspended the flctucas Corpus Act , and imprisoned hundreds for months together -, taking them to dungeons in distant parts of the country ; novav toiling thorn wbj or w /« cre / orc they were apprehended ; never confronting them before a magistrate ; but turning such as hud not had their bowels jjiiukeii out of them , or had not cut their own
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throats to escape the tortures they were subjected to , out of prison without explanation , either why they had been put in . or why they were turned out . And for all tills they obtained a bill of Indemnity i Therefore the precedent was set : but would it be tolerated now , were Sir Robert Feel and LettEK-spuks Gbahah to seek to act on it ? Let Geougb Caxdelett , fond as he is of tyrannical precedents , answer . As to what the defender of lawlessness and despotism savs of tiie " CHARACTER of the meeting" « aud ttie . " OBJECT" of the party who gotup ~ and attended that meeting , it is really too puerile and washy for serious notice . It is but another phase
of the tyrant ' s plea—necessity . 'Ihe same reasoning would justify any enormity , however atrocious . Lei us put n , case to this George Casdeleti . Suppose him to be a member of a society which invests it < money in a Governmental Savings' Bank ; ant suppose him a Chartist ( as we suppose him to be ) , and attending a Chartist meeting , speaking of the tyranny and oppression to which tho toiling million ! arc subjected both socially and politically ; suppose him further to denounce this tyranny , and particularly that insidious and crafty portion of it , the Savings' Banks , which makes the poor minister tc their own scourging and degradation ; and suppose him , for so doing , " suspended" from all "benefit " that he might have in the particular Savings' Bank his frugal savings were "invested" in , what would he
say ? The act could be "justified" on his own grounds quite as well as he has justified tho Odd Fellows' Board in robbing 30 , 000 men of the risrhts and privileges their hard-savings had ' lowjht them . More than enough could be , and would be , said about the " CHARACTER , " of the meetings lie had "attended" and the " object" he had in view . But there is one feature more wanted , to make our parallel case complete . Sunposo tho rest of his brother members , when his Illegal " suspension " was known , were to sympathise with him ; denounce the act as one of gross oppression , and refuse to acknowledge its validity ; and suppose them for siieh standing up for the right to be " suspended" in a body , by tlie powonvhich had " suspended" himself , without colour of' law or nutliorifv . we bid- Geouob
UAXDEiEir to suppose all this : and further , to suppose a ilaming mouther of "liberty" to come forward to defend the despotic and oppressive acts ; and then , when he has so supposed , we bid him ask himself what he thinks of himself . One word about the law George Caxdelett has quoted . We should have been disposed to think him a mistaken man , but for that quotation . Tlio dfj . honest use ho has made of it , howevev , leaves on the mind a very mean opinion of his morality .
The law he quotes , is one that follows on " suspensions" that have taken place AFTER TRIAL-aftev the party accused has had fourteen days' notice of such trial—after he has had the "charge" furnished him—and after he has confronted his accuser , and mada his defence . If after all this he be found guilty , and expelled or suspended , it is right to prohibit , lodges from admitting or aiding him . But tin ' s lair cannot apply to the illegal " suspensions "—" suspensions" without trial—without notice—without defence ! The quoting of such law under such circumstances shows to what miserable shifts the apologists of lawless acts are driven to .
Here we close for the present . The observations on this head of our subject have extended further £ han we originally intended . They are , however , ¦ a 31 to the purpose—the heal qi / ESTiO . v at issue , As we # aid in the beginning , if tho Board of Directors In any institution are allowed to exercise such a power as has in this case been assumed and shamelessly put in fovoe , no member is safe . It may be his turn to " side with" the Directors to-day in putting down "dissatisfaction" he may not sympathise with : ho may be the vkthn to-morrow because ofliis own " dissatisfaction . " Therefore , all arc interested in tho question : both those who are " suspended , " and theso who may he .
The subject is one we must return to . It has yet to be viewed in several aspects : the legal one among the rest . We shall also have something to say on tlie new scale of payments before we have done . Wo shall have something , toOi on the question of representation ; and fancy we siiall be able to show that tho present mode is not quite so perfect as "W . S ., " of Belfast , writes it . Nay , we incline to the opinion that ire shall bo able to show it tlm most uiuatufyetors that could have been devised . Perhaps next week will produce another article on the subject .
Below are several letters , two of a personal nature —one of a more general nature . Tho person nl portion we shall , in our discussion of the question , keep distinct from the other branches : but wo shall not neglect it . Important considerations are bound up in the personal matters that we have seen agitated : and ire shall have something to gay on the ruUDEXCE of entrusting hundreds of the thousands of pounds io the hands of a confirmed gantiler—one whoso mania is so strong as to lead him to violate most solemn pledges , and lose his honour .
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Arnopos Reform . —We perceive that snmo of the railway companies have determined on attaching * carriage to each train exclusively devoted t : ;> the ladies . —Vi e arc happy to perceive those gentlemen improving in tlie ' Tender ' . " department ]—JMth
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TO TDE EDITOB OF THE NORTnEB . Y STAll . Sin , —Iii your paper , for the last three weeks , romarks have appeared , pro and con , referring to the betting transactions of C . S . Ratcliife . Now , having been witness tosomo of that individual ' s proceedings at the late Newton races , and the subject having become one of importance , from the publicity it has attained , I think it my duty to state publicly what Isaiu , so that the veracity of the writers in youv journal may be put in its proper position . I attended the second day ' s races at . Newton ; nnel on taking my place ia the railway carriage at Manchester , Ratcliile , who was bookii )< j for a place , asked me if we had anv
room . We had for one . He got in , and yode to tho race course . Just previous to the race for the CUPi 0 . S . llatclilic camo to within a couple of yards of the place where I stood , on the adjoining stand . A nod of recognition passed between « s ; afteh which he BEOuJf TO BAWL OCI " VlX , BET £ 20 TO £ 10 THAT I NAME THE WIX . VEB FOU THE XKXT RACE AT TWICE , " This he called out at least a dozen times . lie then called out several thnos , " £ 20 to £ 10 lanlqi a » d Rowana against the jkld . " ( Ip singularly happened that these two horses were first and second . ) This not taking at ourpart of thestand , and he not buir . gablc to make any bets , removed to tha other cud , where , for
some time , 1 heard him calling out the same . So far aa " the roll of uotos" is concerned , 1 did not see any ; but it may readily l > e presumed ho couW not offer such large amount of bets without having considerable sums of money with him . There was with me Mr . Johnson , member of the Poor Man's Friend Lodge , Rochdale district , who will , if necessary , affirm and corroborate what is stated above . In Kat « cliffo ' s letter of last week , he refers to t'nc proceedings of ( he Bradford A . M . C . I am astonished he should have done so ; for it ivas at that very meeting , whtrc , to save himself from instant dismissal , he , before the whole , of the deputies , runucu' i'i . mdpeu imism SEVER TOEXdAGE IX HETTING TRAXSACT 10 K 8 AOAl . V . 11 ©
expressed himself sorry for what l ; c had done ; and stated , that if they would only forgive him , ht « ' «"' W never be seen on a racc course again whilst in thtirwr ' vice . The perilous situation he wast ' icn in , refjuirwl all that both himself and' his friend Mansfield could do to allay Uie opposition liis conduct liati aroused relative to his turf transactions ; but a fur the solma pledge he gave , and the . smooth speech ol' Maiisfic'dj who likewise pledged himself to the game effect , tho deputies overloeked the past in the promises for the future . In proof of what I have stated above , the six deputies iroui Rochdale , of w / a ' ch immbcr 1 «¦«* one , went to the meeting prepared to vote aoaisst Riltclifiu ' s re-appointment ' . hul in coHst ^ ynie .: of ihi nledc . es given \ vg recorded our votes in his favour .
, Alter what I above stated relative to HrsuU ' ord , ana which is known to hundreds , I think the " p kil < j-: s ' and " veracity" of C . S . Ratcliffe must stawil i » a very unenviable position . Dosiv sir , yours respectfully , Thomas Livsnv . Past Officer of ill Rochdale District . Rochdale , Sept , 15 th , 15-15 . ( Continued in our firs'page , }
Printed By Dougal M'Gowax.Of 17, E»«T N'M.Sraiustreet, Hnyni&Rk«T, In The Citv Ot' Westir.Ia !L" "1, 1
Printed by DOUGAL M'GOWAX . of 17 , e »« t n ' m . SraiUstreet , Hnyni&rk « t , in the Citv ot' Westir . ia ! l" " 1 , 1
Off * e in the same Street ami l ' smah , iw u-e y , " prifitor , FUAROUS O'COXNfW . i : sq .,: ii ; 'i jmbiif : ¦ «¦ oy WII . 7 . U * Hewitt , of No . i 8 . Cli : irk'S . ? tivrt . Hrit »« ; " - stv ; . - •' : " :. ¦ ten , in the Cuunty of Suvrev at the 0 "'" -. ; " "' Ktrav . d , in ths Parish o St . AIaryJe-&" " - » u " t " ° Cit . Y 'f VSestminaurr . Saturtisijy September 27 , 1843 .
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• .. . '• ' i '¦ 1 " September 27 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR ^ —~ - ~~~~~^ = ^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 27, 1845, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1334/page/8/
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