Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 4th October 1845, Edition 1 of 4, Page 6

Page 6
Page 6
6 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • Ctotfet -infcnfjjawe.
    • acrnnilture and iurtiwlture.
    • THE GREAT EUROPEAN RAILWAYS' COMPANY.
  • Adverts (1)
  • Text (8)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Ad

      [ Theportionof the Earth comprehended under this title covers an extent of 3 , 700 , 000 English square miles , and embodies a i ? opulation of 330 , 000 , 000 souls . No part of England , hotvever , willie included in the operations of the present Company . ] ( ritOVISIOXALLY REGISTERED PURSUANT TO 7 th AND Slh VIC , Cap . 110 . ) THE ACTUAL PAID UP CAPITAL WILL BE ONE MILLION STERLING ; IN SHARES OF £ 100 EACH . Deposit , 10 s . per Share , being the highest amount allowed by the Provisions of the ? th and 8 th Vic ., Cap . 110 . OFFICES OF THE COMPANY , ST . HELEN'S PLACE , LONDON . [ A more detailed Prospectus , containing the names of tbe Trustees , the Board of Directors , and a most powerful Provisional Committee , with a complete list of tho Bankers , Counsel , Engineers , Solicitors , Secretaries , 'Share-brokers ( London and Provincial ) , with all the officers of the company , is in course of formation , aud will shortly be ready for delivery . ] PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT . A MID the many and the mighty records of man ' s discoveries in the arts and sciences , which owe their A existence to tlie unceasing energies nnd ¦ boundless wealth of this commercial empire , posterity will search in vain the historical monuments oi departed ages , to discover one more wonderful or valuable in the annals of a nation ' s greatness , than the iron roads of the nineteenth century—those magnificent highways of commerce , which , extending in every direction their gigantic trunks and literally countless brandies , and intersecting in its length as in its breadth the entire Kingdom of Great Britain , are , to the extent of some thousand miles , momentarily traversed with almost lightning rapidity , by the potent agency of Steam . Most truly has it been observed that " the philosophy of railroads is only now beginning to be comprehended by the universal world ; daily and rapidly they are developing new and important views of society ; they are , in fact , self-sustaining ' social instruments , that by cheapening innumerable commodities , and diminishing the cost of transit , are not only increasing consumption , but creating , as it were , in savings new enterprise , new capital , new wants . " If any changes yet await them ( and , doubtless , there are some ) , they arc changes merely of progression from one stage of improvement to another : but sooner or later the adoption of railroads must became universal , though the broad guage , by reason of its supposed increased safety , with increased speed , should ultimately clash with the narrow , and the maximum of our present velocity should become the minimum oi speed hereafter , for while an engine manufactured in 1844 cannot accomplish the distance between London and Liverpool in less than six hours , we behold another constructed in 1845 traversing the same space in less than four . ¦ . , . ... ,. - , . . The assertion may appear , at first mention , astounding to those quite unacquainted with the fact , and in happy ignorance of the great advantages of railroads , evcu as investments , yet so highly remunerative has been the actual interest only , paid by Railway Companies on the amount ot money called for up to the present time , that the effect has positively been to create a new and independent property for Railway Shareholders , over and above the gross amount of capital advanced by them , ot upwards ot ONE HUNDRED MILLIONS STERLING . TllO primary and the Principal' object of ihis Company is lo accomplish , on ihe more extensive £ eld of continental Europe , as well as in our British possessions throughout the world , what England , with all her wealth , and all her energies , has , from her very limited extent alone , only succeeded as yet m carrying out comparatively iu miniature , viz ., the construction of Railroads ; in other words , to accomplish by steam power a still more gigantic scheme of passenger traffic on land than those extensive fleets of steamers , known as the various Foreign Steam Navigation Companies of England , have hitherto maintained at sea . With such important views , and national as well as individual interests sincerely at heart , accredited Directors , with ample resources at their command , in several instances most favourably connected , in all practically and intimately acquainted with the various localities they are destined to proceed to , will be specially delegated , on behalf of the Company to enter into negociations with Continental States and British and Foreign Governments , and by contracts of tlic most favourable nature for the interest of Shareholders in the present Company , to secure the concession of the many exceedingly valuable lines of railway which to the extent of several thousand miles throughout the world , still await the immediate application only of British enterprise , combined with British capital , to be effectually and successfully carried out . An engineering staff , on a scale of liberality sufficiently great to meet the magnitude of the undertaking , and as perfect in its several appointments as the very highest order of merit ( supported by unexceptionable testimonials ) , can constitute it , will accompany a chosen body of the Directors throughout their travels to guide their judgment on scientific questions , and to report on engineering matters , such aseartlz-irorks , costs of construction , and the precise nature of the several soils and gradients . The Directors purposely omit all mention of engineering difficulties , because , with the single exception of physical impossibilities , experience daily proves that they resolve themselves into the simple question of expense , and consequent amount of interest , and are therefore , more properly speaking , matters for the special consideration of financiers ( rather than Of engineers ) , by wliom . tliey will bo fully debated and disposed of . With a view to ensure not only names of high commercial standing , and possessing likewise extensive influence with Foreign States , but also practically efficient working Directors , the Executive of this Company has been constituted liberally remunerative ; thus every Director will feel that in his own personal services lies the secret power of rendering the present project only the first of a series of eminentl y aucoessful undertakings , in the interest of all of which lie must neeessaril } participate . Every grant for a Rail pad secured by the successful negotiations of this Company , will be constituted a separate and distinct Railway Company , and every holder of Shares herein will bo entitled to the call at par of a proportionate number of the new shaves in every Company , according to the number he may possess iu the present one : such claim to be made by the production of the original shares at the Company ' s oih ' co seven clear days previous to every allotment " of shares in each Company *

      Untitled Article

      FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the Wee k commencing Monday , Oct . 9 th , 1843 . I Extracted from a Dwnr of Actual Operations on five Email farms on tbe estates of the late jVJre . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates oi tlic Karl of Dartmouth at Slaitliwaitc , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . 2 s owell , of Farnley Tyas , near Hudtiersiield , iu order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them -what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Wiliingdon and Eastdean , of

      fire acres caeb , conducted by G . Cruttuiden and John Jlarris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jcsso l'ipcr , the other by JoIlH Dumbrell—the former at Eastitam , the latter at Jevington—all of them witiiiu si few miles of Lastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwiite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the Borth of England . The Diahy is aided by "ISotes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .

      " It is a rery pleasant sight to see chuuren engaged m useful and healthv labour upon a spot of ground which they can call their own ; they shall lie Uejit apart from the -rice and folly of the young men of Ilia city . " 2 fote . —TliC school farms are cultivated by hoys , whs in return for three hour / teaching in Vie morning , give three ' Iiourt cf tftcir labour i > i the afternoon for the master ' s hue / It , which renders tic schools SELT sepfosuxg . We believe that at Tandy Tyas sixsevaxtlis of the produce of tite school farm ivill be assigned la the logs , ynd onc-cevenlh to the master uito ivill receive tiiC usual ic ?< ot >' -ft ' c . 5 , help the boys to cidlivdle ihiir land , end teach tlum , in addition to reading , ivrilhvj , £ x ., to convert tn « V produce into lacon , ly attending to pig-keeping , which at Christinas may be divided , after , jwjK'W rent and levy , ammigit than hi proportion to their services , and be m-xde tfms indirectly to reach Viei ™ parents in a way tJ . e mast ' jraiefid is their feelings . ]

      SUSSEX . J ' oxdat—IVillingdon School . Boys digging for winter tares . Eaitdaxsi School . Sixteen boys digging up , and ijstheriiig potatoes . Jfyer . Turning flung heap , f . nd emptying tank . Jhitnbrdl . Thrashing cats , lOTiiBg rye " and tared . Tuesday—U'i ' Jmgdon School . . Boys thrashing two bushels of wheat , to « o to Yorkshire for seed . Eastdeasi Sdiool . lic . js digging , &e ., Jcrrye . Viper . Chalking the paiatos ground for wheat . JJumbrtfl Harrowing-, tiijrgiiijf , thrashing © ats .

      Wednesday—VrWixjdon School . Wet weather , tying up straw in tLc barn . Easukan Sdtool . Boys digging up stabble , manuring , and sowing winter tares . Piper . Sowing rye . L ' usibrdl . Thrashing oats , trussing straw . Thcrsdat— iVillingifon School . Boys diggin ? for winter tans . Eusidcan School . Emptying tank nud piggery , gathering potatcc hanlm . hper . Disging wheat ground for tares , is rery particular in taking © v . i weeds . DusibrdL Thrashing oafe , trussing straw .

      FfflaAT— WiHiw jdon ScJ : od . Bays di gging for winter tares . Easidizm School . Boys carrying manure for wheat , picking out weeds . I ' i ' pa ; Sowing t : \ res by hand in the drills . Uusibrdl . Thrashing oats , digging . Satciidax—Mlilm ^ don School . Bjts sowing- winter tares . Eastdiaa School . 15 oys emptying portable pails , cowhouse tank , school cleaning , Piper . Souing tares , liws&relu "Winnowing oats .

      cow-peemxg . Winu-.. jdon School . Ca ^ m locdiog on white turnips , elova " , iindalltiJe chaff . JV »> o- ' e . Feeding as before . DamlreU ' s . One cow stall-fed till Tuesday , with Italian rye grass , and cabbage . On Wednesday , with mangel wurzel leaves , turnips , and oat chaff . Thursday , potatoes , turnip , mangel wurzel leaves , jnreen rye , oat chaff . Friday and Saturday , with Italian rye grass , oat chaff . One cow and heifer , on Monday , stali-fed on white turnips and tares . Tuesday , staked oat on the yoaiaj clover , and fed lUGri ] and even -. viiii carrots , tares , and straw . Trcdncsday , stall-fed en potatoes , turnips , carrots , aad oat chaff . Thursday , staked out in clover , stall-fed with turnips , carrots , tares , oat chaif . Friday and Saturday the same .

      Potatoe Getting . —When yoa dig np yonr potatOCS , do not col lect to dig the space between the rows , by doing which yo « r ground wiil be quite clean and ready for dibbling tlio wheat as vou proceed with the potatoe getting , as follows : — TTnEAT A ? iEu Potatoes . —Clear away two or three tows of potatoes at once , draw your drills as before directed , and sp-. v or dibUs the wheat as you proceed ; on tlia litter piaa let yens seeds ha placed six inches asunder , tv . o and a ha ! f or three inches deep , cover up and tread them in well .

      Potatoes jcjd Yviieat is SroerxaMix Potatoes sxd ivheat is Scccsssiox

      . — "On Sii G . Caylcy ' s allotments , it is usua ! lv Lave one hali 5 n wLmL ilie other hr . lf in potaiucs , changing the ercps every jera ; the part in v . Iieat of one year , teinj cropped tho yen ; - folhv ' mg vAih potatoes , aad rice vena . On thh short rotation li > .= land has not

      of butter to market per week , din-ass the flush of the feed . " Another instance of a quick succession of crops is that of 5 . Bridge , of Stock Green , aear l ? eckenham , Worc- «? teisMre . He cultivates four acres of poor land entirely by the spade . His crops for the moEtpartaresuccessivclywheatandiJotatces . Thishe !> . ? is fallowed with great success fur twenty-four years . As seon as ' tlis wheat is off , he breast-ploughs Ills stubble groaad , raking Tip the stubble to litter the pigs , lie then digs it over with a fork , and plants en it potatoes in the following spring ; this crop being tept clean , the laud nccd-s no further preparation for ¦ wheat , liis average produce has been forty bushels of wheat per acre , and t . velve tons of potatoes per acre . The source of manure Is the pigs which lie keeps upon a part of the produce ; tie potatoe liauim , stubble , and straw are , of course , carefully husbanded for this purpose .

      Dn . Joussos ox Ageicelture . —The labour of the farmer gives employment to the manufacturer , and yields asunportfor the oiherparts of the community : it is tha spring which sets the wLoie grand machine of commerce in motion , and the sail could not be spread without the assistance of the plough . Of nations , as of individuals , the first blessing is independence . Neither the man nor the people can be JMsppy , to whom any human power Kin deny tlie necessaries or conveniences of life . There is noway of living without the need of foreign assistance , by the product of our own laud , improved by our own labour . Every other source of plenty is perishable or casual . By agriculture only can commerce be perpetuated , and by agriculture a . JoaC Cflll we lite IB yicnty without intercourse with other nations . This , therefore , is the great art which every government ought to protect ^ every proprietor of lands to practise , and everv inquirer into nature to improve .

      Cueovatiox of Cottage Allotments . —The following is a short account of the system 1 consider best adapted for the rnostproStable cultivation of one acre of land , to suit the cottager : —Divide the land into three equal parts , containing 5-3 J perches each . Separate these portions by small alleys of such a size as will permit a wheelbarrow to pass along -with manure , and also for weeding the crops , or applying liquid manure to them . The liquid manure to be collected in a well-constructed tank suited to the cottage . One portion , or 53 J perches , should be planted with early potatoes , to be succeeded by turnips , broccoli , savoys , lettuce , and mangold vurzel transplanted . Theseeond division should be planted wiili potatoes , in April , for the next summer ' s supplv .

      The subdivisions of the third , or remaining portion , should be as follows : —20 perches planted with early Wellington and Battersea cabbages , to be succeeded bv transplanted Swedes ; 2 with carrots ; 4 with parsnipsj 3 irithiffans ; 3 wifli peas ; 1 with onions ; 3 of a perch with Icchs , lettuce , &c . ; 2 perches sown with . Tarious small seeds , such as broccoli , early YGrk , lettuce , a « d savoys , to afford a supply of plants to fill vacancies that may occur ; 4 perches sown witii Swedes , which , wlien thinned , will give a supply of plants for dibbling after the 20 perches of early cabbages ; 4 , perches sown with mangold wurzel for transplanting , after the early potatoes mentioned in ih « first division . Ten perches shouid be sown with

      ¦ wheat , -which , will supply tie family with nice bread and lot cake for p hrigtmas . The mangolds , swedes , and cabbage strappings will afford excellent feeding for pigs , and will produce excellent pork when properly attended to . There should also be planted , either as standards or espaliers , 12 dwarf apple trees 4 plum trees , -4 pear trees , 4 doiea of gooseberry bushes , and 4 dozen curraiit trees . By adopting this system the cottager and Ms family will enjoy the sweets and comforts of their labour . The three portions in wliicli the land is divided can undergo alternate changes or rotations of cropping , and one of them should be trenched each succeeding year . Varna U pan , IWctkal Land Steward , Abridged Jrm the Dullin termers' Gazette . ron

      ^ SL ^ n Tnyar . _ Bran ( the husk of wST& i ^ « P « aimcntaU r , in comparison ihe fidd w MiL *? f . acre > Md the r ^ of "Kith bones . if ^ Tet ] s « P » Jor to that part drilled faafour or five cwTT ? ^ to uss mor C -e of loud at ^^^ KS , »

      Untitled Article

      bran could be obtained at any time from the nearest miller , its whole expense would hi its first cust—a point ot great consideration in the midland counties \ Ye need not send to South Africa for guano to be sold at £ 10 per ton , if we had suiiicient manure at our own doors to be purchased at £ 5 per ton , more especially as by taking the bran out of the market , it has the twofold benefit of producing greatly increased crops , and indirectly by allowing us to obtain a better sale for the hay and oats , which must be substituted for the bran soused . —Agri . Gas . Ihpobtaxt Discovert . —In the Geological Section of the British Association for the Advancement of

      Science , a communication was made by Professor ilenslow that promises to be of great importance to the English agriculturists . In the red crag , London eiay , and green sand , there abound nodule 3 which hate beeu found on analysis to yield 5 G per cent , of phosphate of'lime and p hosphate of iron , and these noduies are in great abundance . Phosphate of lime is the most valuable manure ; and as the supply of bDncs , from which it has hitherto been chiefly obtained , is diminishing , the importance of the discovery will be seen . So important , indeed , was it considered to have a new source for the supply of phosphates , that Dr . Daubeny visited Spain , to

      examine a reported natural phosphate iovmation in Estreinadura , but he found that it was confiucd to a small space , and difficult of access . . It now seems , however , that the agriculturists of the eastern counties possess an abundaut . quantity of this manure under their lands . A discussion arose as to the nature of the nodules , it being the opinion of Professor Henslow and Mr . Solly that they are formed of the exuvife of animals , as fragments of animals are found among them ; but Dr . Buekland contended that they arc aggregations , and that tbe phosphates they contain are derived from the iron which enters into their composition .

      Prolific Wheat . —In the harvest of ISiO , Mr . 0 . Spriag , of Suham , Cambridgeshire , gathered from one of his fields , eighteen very fine ears of wheat ( which were five , six , and seven set ) , the proceeds of which filled a common wine glass . The above were planted the following autumn and produced one peck , which was again planted November 3 , 1 S 41 , and produced seven bushels and one peck ; planted the same November 2 , 1842 , the produce 103 bushels and 2 pecks ; which was again planted in the autumn ot 1843 , and produced 1 , 868 bushels . Thus the increase from the IS cars , in the short space of four years , was the enormous Quantity of 4 C 7 coombs !

      To Make Ckeam Cheese . —/ Take one quart of very rich cream , a little soured , put it in a liueu cloth and tie it as close to the cream as you can . Then hang it up to drain for two days ; take it down , and carcfuily turn it into a clean cloth , and hang it up for two or more days ; then take it down and , having put a piece of linen on a deep soup plate , turn your cheese upon it . Cover it over with your linen ; keep turning it every day on a clean plate and clean cloth until it h ripe , which will be about ten days or a fortnight , or it may be longer , as depends on the heat of the weather . Sprinkle a little salt on the outside , when you turn it . It' it is wanted to ripen quick , keep it covered with mint , or nettle leaves . The size made from a quart of cream ismostcanvenient , but if wished larger , they can be made so .

      Guaxo—By Professor Johnson . —Guano is the name given to the accumulate * dung , chitlly of sea-birds , which is found upon the rocky promontories , and on the islands , that skirt the coast of South America , from the 13 th to the 21 st degree of south latitude . In that part of America , the climate being very dry , tlie droppings of the birds have decomposed with exceeding slowness , and uuou some spots have continued to accumulate for many centuries , forming layers , more or less extensive , of 10 , 20 , and at certain places it is said even of 00 feet in thickness . In some places , the more ancient of these deposits are covered by layers of drift sand , which tend further to preserve them from decay . In our moist climate , the dung of the sea-fowl is readily washed away by the rains , so

      that even where sea-birds most abound , no considerable quantity of guano can ever be expected to collect . The droppings of birds and fowls , however , particularly wken they can be collected before being decomposed , form one of the most powerful of known manures . This arises , in part , from the circumstance , that , in the economy of * birds , thero is no final separation batueen the liquid and solid excretions , as in animals . Both escape mixed together from tliosamc aperture . The immediate effect of this kind of manure depends upon the quantity of soluble matter it contains , jind this varies much according to its age , and to the circumstances under which it h ; i 3 been preserved . The soluble matter of recent droppings consists of uric acid in small quantity , of unite ,

      sulphate , and especially of carbonate of ammoniii , common salt , and sulphate of potash ; tho insoluble , chiefly of phosphate of lime ( bone earth ) , with a little phosphate of magnesia , and a variable mixture of sand and other earthy maud's . The uric acid and urea gradually undergo decomposition , aud ave changed into carbonate and other salts of ammonia . If applied to the laud when this stage of decomposition is attained , they form an active , powerful , and immediately operating manure ; but if allowed to remain exposed to the air for a lengthened period of time , the salts of ammonia gradually volatilize , and the efficacy of what remains becomes greatly

      diminished . Hence , the guano which is imported into this country is very variable in quality , some samples being capable of yielding only 7 per cent , ol ' sunmoaia , while others are said to give as much as 25 per cent . When the dung of birds or fowls is intended to bo kept , it should be mixed with dry vegetable soil , or made into a compost with earth aud sawdust , with a portion of pulverised or charred peat , with charcoal , with gypsum , or witii burnt clay , broken tiles , for instance , reduced to powder . The dung of hens and geese often accumulates , decomposes , and runs to waste about farm-yards , when , with little care , it might be collected in considerable quantities .

      Guano , as imported into this country , is very vanable in its composition . Dr . lire gives , the following as the average result of his analysis of genuine guano ; ¦ ¦ .. Per cent . Organic matter containing nitrogen , includingurate of ammonia , and capable of affording from 8 to 17 per cent of ammonia by slow decomposition in the soil , SO Water 11 Fiiosphnte of lime 23 Ammonia , phosphate of magnesia and ammonia , and oxalate of ammonia , containing from i to 9 | ier cent of ammonia 13 Siliceous or sandy matter from the crops of the Dirds 1 100 It may , however , almost betaken for granted , that very little of what comes to this country is so rich in soluble matter , containing ammonia or its elements , as is represented by this analysis . Still there can now be no doubt , that any of the samples yet brought to Britain may be advantageously applied as a manure to almost any crop . From the most remote period , guano has been the ehief manure applied to the land on the parched shores of Peru ; ami at the present day , it is not only applied for tlie same purpose in the provinces which lie along the coast , but it is also carried across the desert of Atacaran , many leagues inland , " on the backs of mules over rough mountain paths , and at a great expense , for the use ol the agricultural districts of Pom and Bolivia . " - It bass

      been estimated that 100 , 000 quintals ( equal to lOifts . avoirdupoise each ) , are at the present day annually sold in Peru . There , also , tbe ' quality and the price vary , the recent white guano selling usually at 3 s . Gd ., the more recent red and grey varieties at 2 s . 3 d . per ewt . In this country , the latter , the only variety yet imported , sells at present at about 10 s . per cwt . In regard to the effects of guano upon various crops , many important experimental results were obtained in 1842 . These results seem to « how , that guano is more uniformly successful with root crops than when applied a 3 a top-dressing to com and grass . The unusual drought whichprevailed in 1843 no doubt materially diminished its section , when used as atop-dressing ; and the results upon the corn crops , in a more

      moistseason , may probably prove more generally favourable to its use as an economical manure . Inresj . eet to turnips and potatoes , the results are very gratifying , since they seem to show that tbis light and portable manure may be substituted with safety and great advantage for farm-yard dung . Some experiments seem already to indicate , that the favourable influence oi guano docs not cease with the first season . If the phosphate of lime which bones contain operate in any war prolonging their fertilizing qualities , the large , though variable , quantity of this phosphate contained in guano , should rentier this latter substance also capable of permanently improving the soil . By exposure to the air , guano gradually gives off a portion of its volatile constituents ; it ought ,

      therefore , to be kept in covered vessels or casks . It also , in our climate , absorbs moisture from the air , and therefore should be purchased as soon as possible after importation . When apnlied as atoo-dressing , it may be conveniently mixed with an equal weight of gypsum or wood ashes , with charcoal powder , or with fine dry soil . With respect to artificial manures , partieukrly bones and guano , another writersayi : " The farmer must see that he buys the genuine material . Let him buy from a first-rate dealer , who will warrant the manure genuine , and let hini pay a fair value for it or he need not be surprised if he lose his crop , and what mone y he lays out for tbe adulterated cheap

      | stuff . TVe by no means disparage aitiucial manures . Some of these are very good . Bones have teen long tried , and proved to be of substantial benefit in agriculture . Their effect is lasting , and their chemical action , as manure , will , we have no doubt , be greatly felt in the breaking up of lands wl ic i , years before , had been sown down after a tu rn p crop manured with bones . In this way we think i : very unlikely that boneswill be entirely given up an I guano substituted ; while , however , we have as litcle doubt that guano will also be extensively and successfully used as a cheap and efficacious manu : e . As to guano , if the farmer is resolved to try it , let him see that he pays a fair price , that lie gets it from a respectable

      Untitled Article

      dealer , and in applying it to , the ground with a turnip crop , he ought > to havo the manure nicely mixed with a certain . proportion of ashes , to make it sow more easily ; and , above all , the land should bo thoroughly cleaned and pulverised , and the weather and arounrl dry . whcn the manure is put in and the seed sown . "

      Untitled Article

      LONDON . Citv Localitt . —Mr . Cooper ' s eighth lecture , last Sunday evening , was more throngly attended than any former one . Mr . Overton was chairman , ana , after one of the " People-Songs" had been sung , introduced tlie lecturer . Mr . C . ' s leading theme for the evening was t"e English commonwealth ; but he ¦ introduced it Dy'a pictnresque description of tlio Gunpowder riot m the reigix of James I ., and a somewhat humorous portrait of the English "Solomon" himself . The hypocritical and tyrannical Charles I . was also boldly sketched ; and when , after describing his wilful and despotic rule of eleven years without a Parliament , his levying of wai upon his subjects , and , above all , the finding of his vile aud murderous , letters in the messenger ' s saddle , while he was promising peace and good-will—when the . lecturer came to ask " What could he done with such a man ? " a general

      echo of the query seemed to go through the audience , and the trial and execution of tlic despot were detailed with a feeling amongst the audience that seemed to proclaim that was the natural end of such a coursi . The government of Cromwell was also honestly described to have been vigorous and politic , and to have displayed far higher monarchic qualities tliau the feeble and wavering course of many ' " horn' kings . " Yet the hypocrfry of much of the Protector ' s course was unswervingly opened ; and amidst the more interesting features of the lecture , was the picture of the , fanatical , but high-minded and unsubduable George Fox , the Quaker . The immortal patriots Hampden , Eliot , Pyin , Selden , St . John , Hollis , Uaslerig , Fleetwood , Ireton , Bradshaw , Marten , Algernon Sydney , . and , above all , the incorruptible liutchinson , were energetically depictured ; and tha lecture closed with a very brief sketch of tho characters and reigns of Charles II . and James II .

      Greenwich and Deptford Locality . —Mr . Cooper lectured here , in the large room of the George and Dragon , Blackheath-liill , last Tuesday evening . There was a good attendance , and Mr . Shaw , of London , ' was chosen chairman . One of the lecturer ' s " People . Songs" were sun *; and the chairman then uiadesowe very suitable observations , concluding with the introduction of the lecturer . Mr . C . ' s subject , according to announcement , was " the true character of the insurrection under Wat Tyler , in the reign of ltichard the Second . " He first described the state of the country preceding the insurrection—the spirit kindled by Wicldiffe—the reports of the doings of the Jacquerie in France , and the success of the insurrection under Van Artaveldt , the brewer of Ghent , in the low countries—the villainage or . serfdom which had so long existed—and lastly , the grievous and unjust poll-tax . The extent of the insurrection in Norfolk , under lister , the tanner—iu Suffolk , under

      Wostbroom—in Essex , under the priest who took ihe name of Jack Straw—and in Kent , under Wat Tyler and John Ball , the Wickliffe or Lollard preacher—was graphically described . The assembly of 200 , 000 men on JJlaekhcath —the march to London—the beheading of Simon of Sutfbury , Archbishop and Chancellor , with other of the young king ' s ill-advisers—tho boldness and craft of the king himself , and tho treacherous massaero of Wat Tjler , wiih the falsehood of tho king and his counsellors , who broke their word after promising charters to the people , ivere severally narrateu ; ana tlie insurrection , in spite of its failure , was shewn to bave had the ' effect of commencing the abolition of villainage ( whereby the serf could be sold with the soil ) although the king and parliament , at first , declared-it should not . Mr . Cooper concluded with a fervid-exhortation to zeal among working men , and to a more hearty and persevering union for tho People ' s Charter . .

      lUaMEKSMiin . —At the weekly meeting held at . the Dun Cow , Brook Green-lane , the -members took into consideration the distressed circumstances of our brother Llewellyn , caused by the villnnous persecution to which lie has been subjected , on account of his firm adhesion to the principles of the People ' s Charter ; and it was unanimously agreed to present him with five shillings from the fund , at the same time recommending his case to our Chartist brethren .

      STOCKPORT . Lectuke . —On Sunday evening last , Mr . Thomas Clark lectured in the Association-room , on tlio " present state and future prospects of the people ' s cause . " The meeting was auumerous one , and strict uttention-was paid to- ' tlie lcctwe . At tlie close of the meeting , a handsome collection was made for the tunds of the Association . Several largo firms in this town have their weavers working short time ( four days a week ) . The reason assigned by ' the employers is , that they cannot get a remunerating price for cloth . They are nianuFacturjng twist yarn ior exportation , lO he xvoven abroad , -whilst i ! ic -wearers at homo arc walking about only half employed . In a short time foreigners " will be able to make their own twist , " and then both spinners and weavers will bo out of employment .

      LANCASHIRE . The Sourn Lancashire Deleoaie Meeting was Leld in the Working Man ' s Hall , Horscdgc-street , Oldham , on Sunday last—Mr . John Burdekiu in the chair . Delegates from the following places were present : —Manchester , Mr . Donovan ; Oldham , Mr . 3 urdekin and Mr . Honner ; Rochdale , Mr . Bake ; Ileywood , Mr . Bell . The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed , after which the following sums were paid to tho secretary for the Executive : —OkViiiim . Is . Td . ; Ileywood , for three months , 5 s . Cd . ; Rochdale , 13 s . 2 tl . ; ditto , a friend 3 d .: dittoa friend 6 d . Total sum for Executive ,

      , , £ 1 7 s . Proceeds of levy for camp meeting for the County Fund , 8 d . The following resolutions were passed unanimously : — " That we , the county council of South Lancashire , do sympathise with Wm . Dixon , Jate reporter of the Northern Star for Manchester , and do recommend his case to the country , but most particularly to the Chartists of South Lancashire and . North Lancashire ; and we earnestly hope that every Chartist will respond to the appeal made by Mr . O'Connor , and which we now most sincerely repeat in behalf of Mr . Dixon . " "That a levy of one penny be levied for the next month . " " That our secretary ' s travelling expenses and bill for postage ,

      Untitled Article

      — - ' == &e ., be paid . '' " That our next delegate meeting bo held tlie last Sunday in October , at ten o ' clock a ; m ., in the Chartist Association Room , Mill-street , Rochdale . " " That we adjourn until the last Sunday in October . " LIVERPOOL . Punuc Meetixo . — On Tuesday evening , Mr . M'Grath addressed a spirited meeting in the Theatre , Oliristianstrcet , on the Charter and Land . Air . VV . Jones presidet on the occasion . The proceedings of the evening gave much satisfaction . COCKERMOTJTH . Public Meeting . —A numerous meeting of the inhabitants of this town assembled in the Town Hall to hear a lecture from Mr . M'Grath , on tlie "Land —its capabilities , and the jvay to get it . " Mi \ Peat was appointed to the chair , who very , appropriately introduced tlie all-engaging subject . The lecturer gave universal satisfaction . The society here is going on prosperously . » , - i . , . f . 1 I t • r '

      TTIGTON . Public Meeting . —On Saturday evening we were favoured with , a visit from Mr . M'Gvath , for tire purpose of expounding the rules and objects of the Chartist Co-ournitiye ' Land Society . The use of the Primitive Methodist Chapel was granted for tke meeting . The lecture , which lasted upwards of two hours frequently elicited the applause of the meeting . Several copies of the rules were talien , . and twenty persons enrolled . themselves members of the society . DALSTON . ' Public Meeting . —On Sunday Mr . M'Grath addressed an out-door meeting of the inhabitants of this little village . Tho result was the formation of a branch of the society , which bids fair to proaper . ¦ . .

      CARLISLE . ¦ Public'Meeting . —According to announcement by placards , a meeting was held in the theatre , to afford Mr . M'Grath an opportunity of addressing the inhabitants of the town on the Land , and the plan propounded by the National Charter Association for its obtaiument . Mr . Riehardson was unanimously called to the chair . The lecture , which was long and lucid , gave universal satisfaction . Tho spirit of inquiry was indicated by a large number of the rules being purcluised by the . audience . We hold weekly meetings of the branch , and are steadily . increasing its numbers .

      OLDHAM . Lectube . —On Sunday last . Mr . T . Tatter 3 all delivered a very energetic Lecture on "the Land , " in the Working ManVhaU . Theaudicccelistened with great attention , and the address gave general satisfaction . To the London Cokdwainers . —Shopmates , — Although nearly eighteen years of varied fortune and misfortune have gone over my head since I "bent over the last and wielded theaioZ , " I still deli g ht in tho old familiar . word of fellowship by which it is the pride of all jolly lads of " the gentle craft" to hail each other . I shall indeed be proud and glad to assist in carrving out . Mr . Shute's suggestion , wliicli

      I observe in the last 11 umber of the Cordwainers Companion . I thank Mr . Shute for his very friendly and flattering expressions of regard ; and shall say no more in conclusion , than that I shall look forward with pleasurable . anticipations to the approaching feast of " Crispin Crispian , " in the hope that I shall pass the evening surrounded with many happy hearts and joyous faces ot our honourable order . —I am , shopmates , yours right heartily , Thomas CoorER , —134 , Blackfriars-road , Oct . 1 st , 1845 . North Lancashire Miners . —The Belthorne and Broadfields Colliers are still out , They thankfully acknowledge tlie following sums received for their support : —DarwenCollier ? , £ 10 . Ba _ xenda ! cditto , £ 4 . Swinsham ditto , £ 2 . Blackburn Spinners , £ 1 9 s . 6 d . Funden ditto , 9 s . Gd . Enfield ditto , 5 s . Gd .

      Mavsden friends , 5 s . Ilaskinden ditto . 3 s . Richard Ealcs , 6 d . Duckworth-hall Colliers , 4 s . Brooksiile , ditto , £ 1 2 s . 6 d . Darwen Spinners , Si . 9 d . Bottom district , £ 1 . Blackurn corn-millers , 6 s . Mr . Bettersly , 6 d . Oliver Bolane , draper , 2 s . 6 d . Benj . AVbaley , Is . T . omas Livescy , Is . Gcorpte "Wright , 6 d . RichardProudlovo . Gd . Machavis order , 2 s . W . Ditto , honest men , 5 s . George Duiibnry , Is , Garbot ' s men , lls . Friend , 2 s . 6 d . John Bicup , Havorth , tailor , 2 s . 6 d . Little Leaver district : Farmers ' Arms , 10 s . Ditto , Rose Tavern , 2 s . Cd . Ditto , Horse-shoe , 3 s . 3 d . Ditto , Uobin Hood , 2 s . 6 d . Ditto , Bull ' s Head , Ss . - 6 d . Wigan district ; Johnston ' s men , 10 s . Dean Church , 10 s . Chorley District , 10 s . Little Hutton No . 3 Lodge , 10 s . Friends , F . II . B ., £ 1 .

      A Delegate Meeting of ' the United Tailors ' I ' noTBCTios Societt was held on Sunday , the 21 st instant , in the Hose and Crown , Bolton . The following delegates were present : —Mr . Douglas , No . 1 section , Bolton ; Mr . Barrett , No * 2 , Bolion ; Mr . M'Cann , Manchester ; Mr . Richardson , ' Leith ; Mr . Mitchel , Ashton-under-Lyne ; Mr . Leonard , Staleybridge ; Mr . Hall , Glossop ; Mr . Leach , Hyde , district secretary . The Executive money was paid to the secretary by each delegate , in proportion to the number of members in the district . Tho following resolutions were agreed to : — "That all relief shall be stopped on all cards belonging to tho Spread liable Society , Manchester , until they relieve protection cui'ds . " — " That this district is pvcpai'etl to pay for the support of a lecturer , it' other districts will join them . "— "That a levy lie made throughout the district to defray the expenses of calling a public meeting in Ashton-un < kr-Lync , "— " That the names of liiLUisiiuiiuuruum iiiuiuui ui ieiu

      'r . s uuuu uu rcpurtuu to the district secretary , and that Mr . Leach be re-elected to the oliicc of secretary . "— "That a brief report of the meeting bo sent to the Northern Star for insertion , also to tlic Bolion Free Press avul Chronicle . " Thanks having been Yoted to tlic president , the meeting was adjourned to tlie Wliitc Lion Inu , Ilyde , to take place in December next . Fortifying Sheerness . —The fortifications of this garrison are to be considerably strengthened , and seven tv ( runs ai'e to be immediately placed on the old batteries . A detachment-of the ltoyal Sappers and Miners has commenced work on the south side , near the drawbridge , by throwing out ihe mud and clay from the adjoining moat , also raising it higher , and a large number of masons has also been set to work to complete the job . The greatest activity provails throughout the whole of the official departments , which leads the inhabitants to think that a " storm is brewing . "

      Untitled Article

      The Bankers' receipt will be given to each Subscriber on payment of ^« . deposit , winch «« eipt rou ^ be exchanged for a certificate at the Office of the Company within tAventv-one dnj ^^ tTsubscifbei to ^ the for " payment of such deposit . The non-compliance with this condition will subject the isultocnDei to tne lorfciture of his or her deposit , and of all interest in the undertaking . „ , n ,, ,,- _ i -Pift « No fitter call , under any circumstances , will be made in this Company beyond the first ^ payment of 10 s . per share nor in any other Company until such time as the Directors shall have actually ¦ obtained thevpreliminavy material concession of some foreign line of Bnilway , and then only when such second wment shall have become necessary , either for replacing and releasing the original deposi t money , or for . theimmediate progress of tbe public works of such Railway , duo notice of which payment will be given in . tbe London Gazette , the Daily Morning and Evening London Papers , and in the Public Journals ot the country contributing the grant . ,,,.,-. j * m i ?• «> From the period of the concession of any line of Railway obtained by this Company , and until such entire line is opened , interest at tbe rate of £ per cent per annum will be paid half-yearly to the Subscribers on the amount paid up by them in every such subsequent Company . Subsequent to the opening of each and every entire line for traffic , the profits in every Company but the present ono ( wherein the deposit money is expressly guaranteed to bo returned when the several lines of Railways for which it is advanced shall ' no obtained ) will be divided as follows : —First , a sufficient sum shall be set apart as a . siiikingfuntl , for the gradual return of tho entire capital to the Shareholders ; secondly , a dividend of 5 percent , per annum will be paid . to the Shareholders on the amount of the respective Shares ; thirdly , the surplus will be divided into twentieths , of which 17-20 ths will belong to the Shareholders , and be divided among them in equal proportions as a further dividend , and the remaining 3-20 lhs will be paid as follow : l-2 l ) th will go to the formation of an accumulating i ' und , to be annually divided and placed to . the credit of all Shareholders- in the present Company , and the remaining 2-20 ths will be paid as Jill annual remuneration to those individuals through whose services such concession shall havo been chiefly obtained , or each of these annual bonuses may bo commuted fora single payment , the . amount of each to be determined at the first general meeting of the Subscribers to Mich Company . ! Each Director hi the present Company will be eligible . for a seat in the Direction of every new Company , the capital of which shall be subscribed by the original Shareholders , . provided always that he possess his share qualification therein . The entire management cf the affairs of each Company will be vested in a Board of Directors , and will consist of a > Chairman , Deputy-Chairman , ami twelve other Directors ( triennially elected ) , who shall have power to appoint one of their ' body as Resident or Managing Director ( under certain restrictions ) in the various countries contributing the several grants , and the foreign interests of all such Companies will . bo again represented by twelve Resident Directors in each foreign country ( giving a majority of two in favour of English interest ) . The deposit of 10 s . per shave will be invested in approved securities , and the interest arising therefrom will be carried to a fund for defraying in part the expenses of the'Company connected with its general management . Although the act of subscribing for shares in any of the subsequent Companies which may result from the present one , has been expressly stated as being quite optional on thepart of a Subscribe ^ hereto , it is , perhaps only proper to state , in addition , that on any occasion of an original Shareholder declining to take such new shares , and relinquishing his right of claiming shares in every new Company , he will be at perfect liberty to withdraw his original deposit money on giving thirty-one days' notice to that eflect ; and tlie Directors expressly guarantee that the total deduction for expenditure ( at homo and abroad ) shall not ultimately exceed i ' rom five to ten shillings on each deposit ; these expenses , however , will be defrayed , aa they are incurred , in equal proportions by the various Companies cstabliscd from time to time through the successful negotiations of the present ono , and thus tlie full amount of the original deposit ^ Yill be returned , not only without any deduction , but with the addition of the various bonuses . The bonus ( annual or commuted ) given by every Foreign Company for each separate act of concession will be carried , as before explained , to an accumulating fund , for tho benefit of the Shareholders in this Company ( through the aid , ' in fact , of whose capital the caution money deposited with Continental States for securing tho concessions of such foreign lines will havc been primarily , ¦ although temporarily , advanced ) , and will , when all the various lines arc conceded for which the Directors intend to propose tho necessary advance of , capital , be divided in proportion to the amount of deposit money advanced by each original Shareholder , which deposit will then be returned in full , together with all accumulations . A subscription for one or more shares in any Company will carry with it and imply an adhesion to the statutes , rules , and regulations of such Company , and to all rights and privileges thereto attaching ; but it has been rendered optional on the part of Shareholders herein to accept or decline such shares previous to his or her act of subscription . Negotiations of a highly important nature with several Foreign States will , in a very brief period , be fullv and unreservedly communicated to the Shareholders ; and , without a more direct reference at the present time , to the objects actually contemplated , it may , perhaps , not be considered premature to sta c that a short time only will elapse before the announcement of some most important accossious to the interest of the present Company . The Akmexei ) Statistical Summary of all the Nations and States comprised iu Europe ( England alone excepted ) , carefully . and expressly compiled from Official Sources , containing tho Names of Uvo great European Countries , their Capitals , their Superficial Area in English Square Miles , the Amount of Population to each Souare Mile , tha Population of the Chief Cities , and the Annual Revenue of each Country in Pounds Sterling , will convey some idea of the Extent of Territory from which the Directors will Select the Choicest Portions on wliicli to pursue their Operations .

      1 « M ~ & . sji _ I * "§ ^ ' " I ^ ^ -S "§• . j Revenue CounUies , C-. pUals . '§ . §§ £ 5 5 g £ § . i iaiw « 1 ^ 1 I II | VS «« % . ¦ e > a « o £ . ; , 3 ; s , ( ¦ France Paris V The Kingdom of France ... •{ including > SOi . OOO 31 , 13 S , fi 771 C 7-3 fl 09 , l- « 42 , 000 , 000 \ Corsica Ajaccib J f European ltu ? si , i ... St , Petersburg ) ( " -JTMOn The Russian ' Empire <( including . f 2 , 110 , 000 50 , 500 , 000 28-7 -j 10 , 000 , 001 ) ( Poland .. Warsaw ) U . iO . OOOj C Austria Vienna ... 91 , 300 18 , 0 Sl , 565 ojfl , (! 00 \ I Hungary Buda 100 , 835 13 , 117 , 000 4 O . 1 The Austrian Empire \ Bohemia Prague 20 , 233 4 , 128 , 000 120 , 1100 j 14 , 000 , 000 I Transylvania Clausenburg .. 21 , 382 l , yCS ,-135 21 , 000-{_ Austrian Italy Venice 18 , 000 4 , 707 , 000 10 : 1 , 000 / Totals 258 , 000 30 , 930 , 000 1-13-2 The Kingdom of Prussia ... Prussia Berlin 107 , 894 13 , 2 yS , 27 I 141 * 7 272 , 000 8 , 000 , 000 Tho Kingdom of Spain Spain Madrid 182 . 75 S li ? , 2 C 8 , 77 i C 7- " 220 , 000 9 , 40 o , ooi » The ' Kingdom of Norway \ Swoderi Stockholm 170 , 71-3 3 , 107 , 772 18-3 84 , 000 „ nninnft and Sweden J Korway Christiana 121 , 725 1 , 101 , 827 0-S 23 , 000 - > Totals 2 U 2 . 440 4 , 802 , 599 14-3 Tho Ottoman Empire European Turkey ... Constantinople 180 , 000 10 , 000 , 000 83-y 500 , 000 8 , 000 , 000 The Kingdom of Holland ... Holland Amsterdam lS . ul'S 2 , Vli > , d ' JC , Hi i'lv / . OM S . HIW . OW The Kingdom of Belgium ... Belgium Brussels 13 , 214 -4 , 242 , 600 321 lOfi . 000 i ! , 941 , 030 The Kingdom of Portugal ,.. Portugal .... Lisbon .. 30 , 010 3 , 549 , 420 97 200 , 000 -1 , 500 , 000 T 1 ^ e S ! : " : .::::. r :. } ^ : z : zr :. ^™ ~ {**» w ™ ss < . «»*• The Swiss Confederation ... Switzerland .. Berne 15 , 230 2 , 185 , 000 14-3 20 , 000 3 , ( 00 , 000 The Kingdom of Sardinia ... Sardinia Curia ..., 2 y , 102 4 , G 50 , 3 IJS 100 114 , 000 ¦ - ' , 944 , 001 ) The Kingdom of Denmark ... Denmark Copenhagen 21 , 850 2 , 333 , 205 93 120 , 180 1 , 053 , 79 : ' OEHMAN / S C 0 NFEDEHAT 10 N . * The Kingdom of Saxony „ . Saxony Dresden 5 , 759 1 , C 3 ( i , lilU 284 70 , 000 j . nuo . OOO The Kingdom of Wirtemburg Wivtvmburg , „„„„ Stuttgiinl ,........ 7 . C 01 ) l , ftWr S 3 U 17 3 S . I , o 00 , 0 «) The Kingdom of Hanover ... Hanover Hanover u , 7 » c , l , fl 38 , 28 o ih-t ' . w ooo J , u-- 'o , OOO The . Kingdom of Bavaria ... Bavaria Munich 29 , 537 4-, 3 l 5 , W . i U 5 107 , 000 2 , a « t ) , n » 0 Grand Dukedom Baden ..... ; .,. Carlsruhe ...... 0 , 8511 , 231 , 319 210 20 , 500 820 , 115 Cfrand Dukedom Hesse Darmstadt 3 , 853 721 , 550 187 23 , 000 440 , 112 EleetorsUe Hesse Cassel 3 , ' . M : J ' 7 !) S , 130 244 ;; i , Of ) U lle . Giiii Grand Dulseflom Luxemburg Luxemburg 2 , 700 - " 184 , 7 C 0 « g n . ooo 1 C 0 / 2 U Gl-and Dukedom / Meehlinburg I Sclnverin 4 , 834 478 , 800 09 13 , 000 208 , 333 l ocuworiii • • J Grand Dukedom { "SreSta * .. } Strclitz U < J 7 87 , 820 88 10 , 000 50 , 000 Grand Dukedom { ^ km ^ msSI } 01 deubur 6 2 > 417 2 G 9 - 3471 U « - 000 m > Grand Dukedom Saxp . Weimar Weimar 1 , 421 247 , 603 174 10 , 000 202 . U 83 Dukedom . Ilolstein Glucstadt 3 , 710 47 « , 950 12 S ~ j , ' J 30 254 , 403 Dukedom Nassau Wisbaden 1 , 802 391 , 051 217-1 7 , 000 2 UB , fiOB Dukedom , Brunswick Brunswick 1 , 520 251 , 000 1 C 4 311 , 000 S 01 . 1 B 6 Dukedom Saxe-Cobouiff Gotlia Gotlin Sl (! 140 , 0 i ; u 71 14 , 000 100 , 8-33 Dukedom gaxe-AItenbui-ff ...... tltenlrarg 50 f > lii ' , 717 741 32 , 000 03 , ' iOS Dukedom Saxe-Mchiingen Meiningcn 8 SS 152 , 04 ( 1 171-G ( i , 000 81 . 08 S Dukedom ... Anlialt-Dessau Dessau SIS 61 , 480 193-1 11 , 700 70 , 833 Dukedom Anhalt-Bernburg ... Bernburg 297 40 , 920 . ' 57 « , 000 50 , 000 Dukedom Anhalt-Koethen Koethen 254 40 , 20 ( 1158 C . 000 29 . 1 CC Principality { 1 tocn ° " " } SOndel ' SllaUSen 31 S ° ' 810 l 7 ' ' > 0 ()() 28 ' Principality Seliwartz-Rudolstadt Rudolstadt 3 iO 00 , 130 154 4 , 100 33 , 333 Principality { " HecWngen } IIechiu ° cn 127 20 , 200 159-7 3 , 000 12 , 800 Principality •¦ l "'' ^™ . ! ' ! I Sigmaringen ... 27 S 42 , 900 156 . 1 , 600 27 . 0 S 3 Principality Liechtenstein Liechtenstein ... 04 G , 02 C 101 1 , 800 1 , 83 '» Principality Lippe-SchaueiAurg Uuckeburg 212 27 , 000 130 2 , 000 21 , Cfi 5 Principality Lippe-Detmold Detmold 445 82 , 970 18 C 2 , 500 5 , ) , 3 : « Principality Reuss Greitz 148 31 , 800 212 0 , 192 19 , 533 Principality Reuss 2 Sehleitz 297 72 , 051 . 242 5 , 000 40 , 833 Principality ... Waldeck Korbach 4 GC 5 , 080 12 2 , 200 43 , 123 Landgraviate Hesse-llomburg Homburg 10 G 24 , 00 u > 2 G 3 , 000 17 , 70 s Free City Hamburg ,. „„ Hamburg ,,,,,,.,, 148 153 , 000 104 151 , 000 'MM Free City Bremen Bremen 10 G 42 , 000 39 G 41 , 000 40 , « 00 Free City Lubeck Lubcck 127 20 , 000 204 2 , fi 00 40 , 000 Free City Frankfort ^ 0 ^™ " " . } 8 D C 3 ' 33 C 752 ¦ ' ( * ' ° The Papal States ftaly Roma 17 , 918 2 , 732 , 030 isa 154 , 000 2 , ooo , « M Grand Dukedom .. „ , „„ Tuscany , Florence 8 , 881 1 , 430 , 785 176 97 , 500 Dukedom Parma Parma 2 , 200 4 G 5 . 75 !) :: 05 3 ( 1 , 000 275 , 831 Dukedom Modenaand Massa ... Modena 2 , 090 403 , 500 192 27 , 000 113 , 000 Dukedom Lucca Lucea ' 41 C 168 , 000 101 24 , 000 70 , 000 Principality Monaco Monaco 52 7 , 000 134-C 1 , 200 3 , 000 Tho Kingdom of Greeeo Gvcuet Athens ... 15 , 000 300 , 00 i . 00 17 , 000 2 , WiV 550 ' Republic Ionian Islands ...... Corfu 1 , 033 208 , 04120-1 17 , 000 147 , 507 Republic Cracow ( in Poland ) Cracow 49 G 132 , 402 . 'G 7 37 , 000 43 , 000 Republic Andorra ( in Spain ) Andorra 192 8 , 000 4 V 1 2 , 000 Republic San Marino Slarino 22 7 , 000 340-4 3 , 700 2 , 90 *

      The Directors of the Company are unwilling for a moment it should be imagined that they contemplate negotiations for such numberless concessions as the vast extent of territory embraced within its sp here ol action might pre-suppose , although , they have selected almost illimitable boundaries , on which to pursue their . already carefully defined course of action ; they distinctly state , that the choicest and most eligible portions only of judiciously selected countries will , at any time , be suffered to receive their deliberation , that the decisions of eacii Director will ever be based on financial deductions , and that no ultimate judgment will be carried out ( having reference to the application of railroads to particular countries or locali" ^) which shall not pass the entire Council Board 'with perfect unanimity , and without the presence or tlw protest of a single dissentient vote . The brief but successful history of railroads has not hitherto presented such a combination of favourable circumstances as the present Company oilers for the consideration of capitalists . The merely nomi nal deposit ot one-halt percent , on all original shaves—the highly important fact of the first deposit inonef or all such shares being nxed as the final payment thereon—the consequent impossibility of any second can being made on the original Shareholders—the vast extent of territory embraced within its sphere of aw <> —the large amount of capital at the command of the Directors—the solid , safe , and sound nature ot tbc Company as an investment—the guaranteed return of any deposit at 31 days' notice—tlie great advantages o subscribers by priority o £ claim , in right of call of all new shares at par , with the option of rcjcctui !? any potion thereof—tiie liigli and influential oliaraotoi' of the Board ( practically efficient working Ife eiorc constituting the executive)—the ultimate return of all deposits without any deduction whatever , ana lastly , the almost certain division of very many accumulated bonuses among the Shareholders by way ° f interest for the original deposit money—alike combine to constitute this undertaking one of the m " Sterling combinations of capitalists of the present day . ... ( One-fourth of the shares in tbe present Company will be reserved fof landed peoprietors and cap italists in various foreign countries , but with special preference to those countries contributing tlie several concessions ; a second fourth will be taken by the English Directors , the Provisional Committee , ami tuen friends ; and the remaining two-fourths will be divided among that portion only of the English y ^ . throughout the United Kingdom , who shall fully succeed in satisfying the Directors and Provisional Committee of their just claims to ftoZtf such snares , both in right of actual unencumbered properi } "" most undoubted respectability , such shares to be allotted according to priority of application but wifcu csp ^ wal reference to the number of shares therein solicited , and likewise to the position in society of the WV cant so soliciting . st The detailed Prospectuses , containing the names of the Trustees , the Board of Divectors , aud a i » ° = powerful Provisional Committee , with all the officers of the Company , will shortly bo issued from the w «" pany ' s Offices , St . Helen ' s-place , London , where foreign noblemen and gentlemeni connected With kurop Courts , may communicato with the Directors . By order of tho Board , JOHN SINNETT , \ Sccre tarie 3 . « .. „ ,,,, ALFRED EASTON , J bC St . Helen ' s-place , August 30 th , 1845 . V No attention will be paid to any application for shares unaccompanied by reference wthor *^} Director of the Bank of England , a Director of the Hon . East India Company , a London or l »!™" j ' Banker , a Director of the present Company , or Member of the Provisional Committee ; and no appneat will bo received on other than the printed forms issued by the Directors , whioh will shortly bo read ) the Prospectuses . . j , cr Responsible parties desiring Prospectuses may rely on having copies forwarded to tlieir Addresses , c by entering , previously , their names in the Prospectus Book at the Offices of tlio Company , or by ** . j . intimation ; but the Directors desire it should be distinctly understood that iadiscrirainatc distriou 11 " not intended to be resorted to . _^^ *

      Ctotfet -Infcnfjjawe.

      Ctotfet -infcnfjjawe .

      Untitled Article

      * III an official statement of the capital embarked in Railways iu Germany , it is shown that the lines alrca ^ c , plcted cost 580 , 320 , 000 dollars , and that the shares of these undertakiugSj iu 40 cases out of every 100 , arc at a w miums ; in only three instances are any lines below par

      Acrnnilture And Iurtiwlture.

      acrnnilture and iurtiwlture .

      The Great European Railways' Company.

      THE GREAT EUROPEAN RAILWAYS' COMPANY .

      Untitled Article

      tii y » sTit : . ___ :. Oo * *¦' ¦ tm -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1335/page/6/