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    THE LAND!

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    —^^r*~ Mvtis.il M&btmtnte. , —. ^ ' r I ,¦ i " ^

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    MniM JnteUitfenm

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    gmtatptsu &x*

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    " And I will war , atleastin -words , ( And—gbouw toj chance so happen—deeds ) , . "Wifliall who ivar with Thought !" 111 think I hear a little bird , who sings The people by and by will be the stronger . " —Bieon THE PRUSSIAN DESPOTISM . The following article , slightly abridged lrom the original , we copy from Douglas Jcrrold " s Shilling Jfagazmc for October . It is the third of a series of articles which have appeared in that Magazine under the title of " Tlie Englishman in Prussia" : —

    IDE BUREAUCRATS . The government of Prussia is that of an absolute monarchy , the executive department of which is entireij in the hands of a bureaucracy . The bureaucrats are an organised body of civil officers ; and the secret officers are probably almost as numerous as the public ones . It ¦ will hence be understood that t ! ie whole machinery of governmentis carried ou by these functionaries , established and Sustained by the powers of a despotic sovereignty , and that the king and the bureaucracy act anil react upon cadi other with au influence which may perhaps be as systematic as it certainly is habitual .

    A popular representation and a free constitution hare Jong been desired by the great inass in Prussia ; but as this would t erminate the reign of the bureaucrats , they have constantly OppOSfctl it by every power and influence they possessed , both direct and indirect , openly and secretly , and up to this time with success . Nevertheless , the late King had found himself compelled by circumstances to promise all they wished to the people . At the Congress of Vienna , in 1814 , the foUoninjj articles were agreed upon : — " 1 _ A definite part in the legislature . " 2 . The sanction of the Taxes .

    " 5 . Jtepreseniation of the Constitution against an undue interference on the part of the King or the Diet . " And this was resolved upon and carried , as a minimum for each state . After this xhe late Kins published the well-remembered document of the 2 "'d of May , 1815 . It contained his solemn promise to give his people a constitution ; a promise , be it remembered , which was given in the time of danger , when Napoleon was again threatening ihe kingdom . " That tlie principles , " says he ( we translate Ms OTTO WOrdS ) , " upon , which tve lavcgoveraed may be truly handed down to posteriry ihrongn the medium of a written document , as a constitution of the Prussian dominions , and preserved for ever , we have decreed —1 st , Thcreshallbeareprejentationo / tftepcople . " VariousoVher provisions follow , alt in accordance with that first important declaration , and with a direct Tiew to carrying out such a purpose . And now it will be proper to address a word to the present King of Prussia .

    Frederick "William HL , the father of the present King , having made the above promise in the most public manner , and never having revolted it in the same public manner , did nevertheless leave it unperformed . Does it not , therefore , devolve upon Frederick William IV . to preserve his father ' s memory from the imputation of having broken his word , by fulfilling his intentions , and at the same time to satis ' y the yet more pressing requisitions of the people at the present day ? The promise was made by his father as some return for the blood shed at Leipzig ; a promise to a people who had again redeemed his crown , which had been cast at the feet of France ; a

    promise made when his father was once more in fear of losing his dominions . Frederick William IV . has nevertheless declared to the states of Foscn ( Sept . 9 , 1310 ) , that his father ' s promise does not bind him , because his father considered a constitution would not be to the benefit of his people , and that he had given them another ( Jnne 5 th . 1823 ) , instead of it . Kotv , the fact is , that this other does establish provincial estates , and hold out a prospect of popular representation , to the very same affect as Ms lirsi promise of the 22 nd of May , 1810 . It is therefore clear that this second law could not hare been intended to defeat or supply the place of the first .

    It will be evident , from what has been said , that some exposition and detailed account of the bureaucrats may be both curious in itself , and of importance to a right conception of the politics and government of the country . This desideratum has been supplied in several works , of more or less completeness and daring freedom of speech . The best and most courageous of these , however , which has appeared since the elaborate work by Welcker , is the volume recently published by Karl Heinzen , which is expressly devoted to an account of the functionaries in question . It is entitled " Die Preussische BUreaukratie , von Karl Heinzen , Darmstadt 1 S 15 . "

    lint how could such a work appear in Prussia s will he asked by all these who arc aware of the enslaved condition of its press . Simply by the fact of the author choosing to he a martyr to his hook . He knew rery -well what would happen , and says so in his preface , and with yet more emphatic words in the course of his work . " That which makes man a slave , " says he , " Is the mean fear of a prison . Hut to he obliged to carry one ' s conviction into the grave is a greater pnnuhinent than a prison could he ; aud to spread abroad one ' s free opinion is a greater happiness tlian the security to be derived fxOm a pusillanimous silence . It Is a duty and an honour to enter a gaol , when its doors are opened for rectitude and truth . Tiie path to liberty lies through Vie prison . "

    In his anticipations he was not disappointed . His Took was instantly ordered to be suppressed , and he iras obliged to fly the esuntry . But before saying- more of Heinzen , or of hfs book , to will cail the reader's attention to a few curious facts and doings , illustrative of the working of secret policies . In 1 S 12 and 13 , when Prussia was humbled to the dust bafore the armies of Xapoleon , the celebrated poet Arndt was one . of the few patriots who braved all dangers to recover the freedom of his country . lie and some others boldly went forth among the different states , notwithstandiug the numerous spies who were creeping about in all directions , and exhorted the people to rise in the cause of liberty . Arndt , by his spirit-stirring songs and personal eloquence , was more especially themeans of rousing

    Ills countvyintn , and this he did at the risk of his life . It was now that the king promised to give his people a constitution and representation , and this he solemnly repeated at the Cengress of Vienna , as previously explained . The rrnsaans flew to arms with enthusiasm . When peacj was restored the people naturally expected the rati-£ cation of all these promises . Arndt and the other patriots , who had savrd the throne , lived in daily hopes ; and meantime they opposed themselves to the spread of Trench manners and customs , adopted old German manners and customs , and talked loudly and happily of noble things to come . Frederick William III ., however , remained silent ; there were no signs of the falfilment of liis promises . Arndt and liis fellow-patriots continued to live in full hopes , and declared aloud iheir

    expectations . Suddenly , in 1 S 29 , a body ofpolice was despatched in all directions , aud the patriots were arrested . Aradt , who was at the time a Professor of tho University of Bonn , was seized , —his house taken possession of by the police , his papers an 1 letters carried off , his rooms sealed Up , and himself throvm into prison . He was tried for b % U treason . Bat though they tried all means , no such thing could ba proved , and he was acquitted . lie was never told upon what grounds he had been arrested . lie returned to his university , and resumed liis lectures . But a letter speedily came from theminisier , forbidding him to lecture , jet ordering that his salary as a professor should becontinued . He could obtain no satisfactory explanation of this treatment . It was a great injury to his future prospects in all worldly respects , because he was prevented

    from the principal source of a professor ' s emolument , which 5 s the students' fees . Arndt took to cultivating his-SarJen and cdncating his children . In this state he remained till the accession of the present king , iu 1840 , when , by an " act of grace , " the poet was restored to full liberty for the exercise of his powers . But , meantime , he had become twenty years older ! He liail lost ail the arrears of stfldents * ftesfor this long period , which would hare enabled him to leave good profits cf industry to his children . These twenty years were clearly the period for the harvest of his life ; nearly all that had gone before had been employed in laboriously fitting himself for his office , and then down conies the iron bar upon the ver ; midwav of his mortal course . Arndt bitterly felt the injustice of his previous treatment , for which no compensation was made : nor did it " teach him prudence , " for

    at an evcaing party a few years ago , when a mend was congratulating him upon his restoration , Arnd t , who was standing close within the hearing of a Prussian prince , flapped his friend significantly upon the shoulder , and answered aloud , " Ab , my dear boy , the murder was committed—I am pardoned in my grave . " But although the direct gronnds of his arrest , and trial for high treason , haa never been stated , an acoiueutal circumstance some years since brought It to light . The grounds were the discovery of a certain letter among his papers , which letter was evidently a reply to some communication of his on thesnbjeet of the promised constitution . Andwhodoes the reader imagine this treasonable letter came from ? JtwasfromthelateJung hiinseli ! Yet the poet now in rery advanced years , has had no redress , except to be allowed to prosecute his labours as a professor .

    About three months ago a traveller—a stranger travelling- in Prussia—wa 3 arrested at the Babn Hof of Aix-la-Chapelle , by the police . He was at once thrown into prison . The Staats-procurator ( Procnreur General ) learned hy an accident , eight days after his imprisonment , that an individual had been arrested at the . Balm Hof . He went to the superintendent of the prison , and demanded whether the information he had received was trne . The superintendent answered that it was perfectly true . The Staats-procurator desired to be conducted to his cell forthwith . He was informed by the superintendent that he could not be permitted to do so , nor could anybody whatever be allowed to see the prisoner , the . Staats-procurator , in great indignation and astonishment , wenthome and wrote

    to the Hegiernngs-president ( President of the Regency stAis ) , recounting to him all the circumstances . TJ 12 He"ierungs-presidsnt replied that he could not give the Staats-procurator permission either to speak with the prisoner , or to see him ! The confounded Starts-procurator replied hy citing the article of the law , according to which evert individual arrested ought to be brought before the Instruetions-Richter ( Judge destruction ) within twenlv-four hours . The President then replied finally that £ e had secret instructions from a higher authority of thenatare of which hegave account to no one . What becomes of the established laws in such cases ! Here is dearly the same power as a lettretiecachel ! "We hare since dTscorerea ( this afiair was noted down on the spot at the time ) that t&e individual arrested vyas a Polish

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    nobleman—name unknown—and he has been given into the hands of the police in Russia . The Prussian-bureaucracy lias . its origin in the ahsotismof the Prussian monarchy , and is the natural con-COmitant Of regal despotism and popular slavery . Iti . all-powerful , and irresponsible . The press dare not , and in fact cannot , attack it , because the Censor is one of the bureaueratical body , and certainly oneHf its most watchful members ; justice doe 3 not punish its misdeeds , because justice has no power over it , the " heads of the law" being also of that body . Complaints may Oe preferred publicly against any of its abuses ; but to what I urpose , when those who are to decide upon these complaints are themselves bureaucrats ! " We are governed , " laid the Baron von Stein ( the minister who remodelled the sovMraneatin Hie oW Prussian provinces ) " by hired , ^^^^^^

    book-learned bureaucrats , who are without property , and have no interests at stake . Being paid , they strive to render their offices permanent , and increase their numbers and salaries ; being book-learned , they live only in the world of letters , and are ignorant of the actual world around tjjom ; being without interests , they have no dealings with any other class of the citizf ns , and may , in fact , bs termed the Government Writing Class ! " As they have no tangible property , the various schemes and fluctuations of property do not affect them . " It may rain , " proceeds Von Stein ; " the sun may shine ; the taxes may rise or fall ; all laws of old standing may be obliterated , or remain as of old—the Writing Ciass cares nothing about the matter . The great vice from which our dear fatherland suffers , is the power * f the bureaucrats , aud the nothingness of the citizens . " Xow , the ex-minister did not

    mean to say that state officers should not be paid for labour performed , as well as any other class ; that a knowledge of books was a reproach to them ; nor that having no interests and 110 property at stake , was , in itself , to be denounced ; what he intended to show was , that all these facts and circumstances rendered them incompetent , or Otherwise unfit to decide in many very important mutters —while they do actually decide upon all important matters , however ignorant they may be of the subject ; nor do they seek or receive the advice of those practically engaged in and acquainted withsuchsubjects . They transact their business with closed doors ; they frame laws , acts , and treaties , as they think fit ; their statements , facts , and . arguments are not known , and " even their ignorance is not known , except by its results . " As to why a law is made—how it is made—aud how it

    worksnobody is responsible . If a law is discovered to be bad , and subversive of the effect intended , never mind—improve it , or make att 6 iher ; do this openly , if there be « O reason against it ; but if tho change will in any way reflect serious discredit upon the framers or executors of the law , then make the change silently , andlet the people find out the change as they may successively feel it pinch . Thu mischief that has been cfttctcd by the bad framing of commercial treaties , is in some cases quite as conspicuous as with respect to bad laws . A commercial treaty being made by writers who have no personal experience and no direct knowledge of the matter and question at issue , and consequently no foresight ; who have no property and private interests at stake to " fillip" their understandings " with a three man beetle ; " yet who , for all this , do not ask the advice and assistance of those who do possess the required experience and knowledge—such a treaty must at all times be liable to do the greatest injury to the commercial interests of the countrv . The treaty made with

    the Dutch some two years ago is one striking instance . The Dutch knew what they vrcve aUout , and chose thorough men of business to make terms . The Wilting Class had no chance with them . Amidst all disasters , and while important laws or treaties are pending , no practical and instructed person can offer " a timely word of adiiee or warning , " no public measure beiug previously opi . 11 to public discussion . It is only known when the deed is done , and advice or warning would be too late . Yet , notwithstanding all this , the bureaucrats consider themselves always right . " One of . the most pernicious principles of bureaucracy , " says Heinzen , "is tuat it can never be Wl'ons—or dare La wrong . " For this reason , displaying as it does , a sense of its own insecure position , these functionaries are obliged to justify every error they commit ; every wrong is liable to call for other wrongs to cover it up—every falsehood for other falsehoods ; every secret machination for other machinations . Aud the quiet aud regular . management of these matters is considered as subtle policy , and well earning their salaries .

    Heinzen ' s chapter on tho " Bureaucracy and the Press " is a severe but perfectly fair exposition of the condition of the press in Prussia . The power of the censor is despotic to an extent that is at onccinfumous and ludicrous . His power actually extends to the circulars and advertisements of m-jrehants and tradesmen ; wholesale tobacconists , dealers in eau-de-cologne , pastrycooks or shoemakers , cannot send out a circular or print a few lines in a newspaper , without first " pointing the toe" to the censor , sxnd submitting it for approval . His office is no sinecure , for he works away at a great rate in his duty of revision . Not only do authors and editors often resist .

    and attempt to argue and " show him" that there-is nothing really amenable to censure in certain passages he has expunged , but even . wine merchants and wool merchants sometimes have "high words" with him . All to no purpose—down goes his scratch along the paper—out goes the passage ! This officer , moreover , is not always the best informed gentleman in the world . An author Mil recently translated Dante ' s Dlclnia Comcaia into German—Gutllicht Comoiie . Ths censor , never having heard of the work bafore , refused his permission for its publication , alleging that " divine tilings should not be made the subject of a comedy I "

    The censorship of the Prussian press has been well described in the Foreign Quarterly Bedew , and we cannot do better than m ; ike a brief extract iu corroboratiott of what has just been stated from our oivn knowledge : —¦ "The censorship has different departments . There is a censor whose easiness iu each town is solely with newspapers ; another ' looks sharp' after the pamphlets ; another takes care of- the novels , and romantic literature generally ; nor ispoutry by any menus iorgotten . But the newspapers are more especially the object of watchful solicitude . The Prussian government does not consider the censor a sufficient power to keep the editors of newspapers within the bounds of' a most undangerous

    discussion of affairs , ' and therefore suspends over their heads a threat , like the sword of Damocles , that any slip of the lien-may be visited by the loss of the license of the paper . Ho newspaper can appear in Prussia without a license , and licenses are very difficult to beohtained , and for the most part are only given conditionally . But after all this care in the licenses , and making preliminary conditions , and the constant supervision of the censor ( who may erase anything he pleases , here and there , all over the printer ' s proofs , the gaps being ordered to be closed so that jiobo ; ly shall know the alarming spots where an erasure was made ) , after all this , the editor , or other responsible person , is stitt amenable to the law !"—For Qitar . llsv ., ' Sos . lxri . * and Ixir .

    Tlie remarks inada by Uomwmmv upon . Ihe military of Prussia—the " nation of soldiers , " as they sometimes call themselves , are of a kind which every country that possesses a standing army may find in a certain degree applicable to its own arrangements for this department of dtVLi-aUon . "Nothing , " says- Heinzen , " presents- a greater contrast to the culture of our times , than the rellection that the security cf the state should still be based on a military institution ; an institution by which every independent power of man becomes a fault ; in which even the rudest word of command becomes reason , the blindest obedience virtne !"

    One of the most curious and interesting chapters in Heinsen ' s " JBiireaukratit"is thatiu which he shows how nearly all the public offices and officers have their private duplicates . The best idea we can convey of this chapter will be to give a paraphrase of a few official titles ; tlius , suppose the following to be all Prussian titles—Controller of the Customs , Harbour Master , Commissioner of Mines and Manufactories , Oversear of Public Works , Post-master General , Village Post-master , Parish Clerk , Surgeon of the Royal Hospital , Beadle of the Parish , ic ., then the list of offices mould present the following duplicates : — Controller of the Customs . Secret Controller of the Customs . Harbour Master .

    Secret Harbour Master . Commissioner of ilines and Ifannfactories , Secret Commissioner of-Mines and Manufactories . Overseer of Public Works . Secret Overseer of Public Work ? . Post-master General . Secret Post-master General . Tillage Post-master . Secret Village Post-master . Parish Clerk . Secret Parish Clevk . Surgeon of the Hcyal Hospital . Secret Surgeon of the Eoyal Hospital , Beadle of the Parish . Secret Beadle of the Parish . &c . &c . ifcc .

    The above is a paraphrase , not merely of a few titles of actual offices with their duplicates , ad meed by Heinzen , but of several pages of such titlos which he displays in a long list . They speak volumes as to the condition of affairs and the system of secret policies established by the Prussian bureaucracy . It amounts to an organised spy-system of the most universal character . The COUSCquenCGS to the author of such an exposition may readily be conjectured . The book was instantly ordered to be suppressed ; the police seized all the copies from all public libraries , and from all privatehanos where they knew it might be found ; lleinsen was obliged to fly

    from Prussia—and a few copies of his book still remaining undiscovered by the police , were handed about in all directions , and read with avidity . To our certain knowledge , it has been read by most of the leading politichns in Berlin , including those in office nearest the throne . So much for " suppression , ' even in an absolute Government—as if the free spirit of man ' , really could be suppressed ! His body may be exiled , chained up in a dungeon , starved , or cut to pieces ; but to destroy his tongue during life is more difficult to effect ; more difficult still to snatch atvay his pen ; and to destroy his inward thoughts , impossible .

    Heinzen offered to return and surrender himself up to the ministers of justice , if they would proniisp to hare him tried by the laws of the CodeSapoleon . This , however , was refused ; he was tried in his absence , found guilty of course , and sentenced , among other things , to a year's imprisonment , whenever he should again set foot on his native land . The sentence was regarded as" extremely light , and indicative of sundry wise alarms in high quarters . "Prussia , farewell ' , " -wrote Keinzen in reply . "The ship for my return is now in flames . I will seek for myself another home , and must increase the number gf thy

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    baniahed sons . A year's imprisonment would be a-very small price for the purchase of my return to the fatherland . But for me there is no longer a ' . iatheriand ; where the nauseousneBS of slavery and villany would become my constant companions . " ~ ^ _ __ _

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    Within that lnnd was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which he bent ; The soil fnll many a wringing despot saw , Wl \ o wwk' 4 his wantonness in fwm of law . Byron . "A people among T , vhom equality reigned , would pessess everything they wanted where they possessed tlio means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate mor « than a certain portion of land . "— Goihein . "No one is iible to produce a charter from heaven , or has any bettor title to a iiarticular possession than his neighbour . "—I ' aUy , '' There could be no such thing as landed property eri ; inally . Man did not make the earth , : ind , though he had a natural right to Gmipy it , he had no right to locate as his property in , perpetuity any part of it ; neither ( lid the Creator of the earth open a land office , from whence the first title deeds should issue . "— Thomas Paine . The land shall not be sold for ever . —Moses .

    "There is no foundation in nature or in naiurallaw why a set of words upon parchineut should convey the dominion of land . "—Mackstone . "Thelandisthepeople ' sinheritance ; and kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , hold it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . " —t ' targns O'Connor . " -My reason teaches me that land eannot . le sold . The Great Spirit gave it to his children to live upon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for their subsistence ; and so long as they occupy aud cultivate it , they have the right to the soil—but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other people have a right to settle upon it . Nothing can be sold , but such things as can be carried awav . "—Black Hawk .

    "Every individual possesses , legitimately , Vie thing which liis labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ) , which his activity has created . " This principle is incontestible , and itis well to remark lhat It contains expressly an acknowledgment of tho right of all to the soil . For as the soil has not been created by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , that it cannot belong to any small portion of the human race , who have cveatedit by their activity . let us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the ' creation of tlie thing possessed . '"—Fourier . " If man has a right to light , air . and watef , which . » o one will attempt-to question , he has a right also to the land , which is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . If every , person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would he unknown in the world , and crime would disappear with want . "—Mike Walsh .

    " As the nature and wants of all men arc alike , the wants Of all must ho equal ; aud as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for all exertion , and the raw material of - all wealth , the earth , is the common propjrty of all its inhabitants . "— JohnJFraneis Bray . " What monopoly inflicts evils of such magnitude as that of land ? It is ihe sole barrier to national prosperity . The people , the only creators of wealth , possess knowledge ; they possess industry ; and if they possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance ; they would then be enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit , and the world would behold with delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed , "—Author of tli « " Iteproof Of Brutus . "

    PROGRESS OFAGRARIANISM IN AMERICA . ( Continuedfrom the Northern Star of"Sept . 13 th . ) Social State of New York . —Amongst the arguments adduced by the National Reformers in support of tUeii planof restoring the Public Lands to the people , and gradually extinguishing , landlordism , is that of the present wretched and degraded state of the landless inhabitants of large cities . Thus , in New York , we ] earn from authorities quoted by-Young -America , there are-, in a population of less than 400 , 000 , 58 , 000 annually receiving pauper relief ; 70 , 000 annually receiving society and charity assistance ; 50 , 000 annually receiving pauper medical relief ; that one in eight of all who die are buried paupers ; and lastly the city contains 10 , 000 prostitutes ! In an article quoted from the Tribune , the

    editor ot that paper says , " There is hardly a day in which we do not receive applications from printers and others , entreating work on any terms which will keep starvation at bay . The tacts within our possession warrant the estimate that there are at no time less than 20 , 000 persons vainly seeking work in this city . We are assured by the President of the Journeymen Shoemakers' Association , that the wages of his fellow craftsmen in the city have fallen lower and lower , until now the great mass of them work at rates which will hardly keep soul and body together—not averaging over five dollars a week . There are a few employed on nice custom work who do better , but the above is true of the great majority . In our own

    trade ( printing ) the average earnings of the journeymen of our city , including those who do not work because they cannot get work , must fall short of G dols . per week , or 300 do ! s . per annum . The regular pay of day labourers in our city is , if wo mistake not , 1 dol . rer day . Rainy days , severe cold weather ^ ( be ., arc of course excluded . It - would-be a liberal estimate to say that the willing labourer has employment four days per week , and earns 200 dols . per year . Out of this he has to pay rent , buy food , fuel , clothing , medicine , < &c , for his family , often including six or seven children too young to labour . There are probably fifty thousand women in our city dependent on their own efforts for siibsistenne . One . half these

    are engaged as teachers , Louse servants , &c ., and so can live while they have employment . The other half are employed as seamstresses , book-fdklers , in manufactures , &c , at wages averaging loss than two dollarsx > er week . Thousands cannot by steady industry earn a dollar and a half per week . On this they barely exist while they have employment ; and when that fails they must starve or do worse . Hundreds are annually driven to infamy and ruin by absolute destitution . " The editor of the Tribune adds— "It is our

    deliberate estimate , the result of much inquiry , that the average earnings of those who live by simple labour in our city—embracing at least two-thirds of our population , —scarcely if at all exceed one dollar ¦ per week for each / person subsisting thereon . Ou this pittance , and very much less than this in many thousands of instances , three kundrccVtliousaud persons within sight of Trinity steeple must pay city rents and city prices for food , buy their clothing , and obtain such medical attendance , religious consolation , mental culture , and means of enjoyment' as they lave . "

    This is horrible enough : let U 3 now take the other side of tho picture . " flow the Moxev Goes . —The following example of the progress of luxury in the great cities , is published in aNcw' Haven paper , in reference chiefly to what may be seen in New York : — ' In the bookstores of this city an unprecedented number of splendid annuals are to bo found , some of them as high . is 80 dols .. This for a mere fancy book , is no mean sum . I saw lans to-day in a fancy shop , valued at 0 dols ., but Bonfanti haa them as high as SO or 100 dollars . They are beautifully ornamented with precious stones and oblong mirrors of tlie size of a dollar , and

    sometimes , in addition , u minute gold pencil and'ivory tablets on tlie side of the handle . Muffs are sold as high as 150 dols ., in Maiden-lane ; pocket handkerchiefs hang in Broadway windows at 50 to 75 dols . ; a flute of tortoise-shell for 120 dols ., while Black , Tomkins and Ball , successors to Marquand and Co ., jewellers on Broadway , the day before New Year ' s , retailed behind their counter fancy goods in their line to the amount of five thousand and ninety dollars ! So we go . This evening , near the same store , are seen seated two wretched , looking women , with emaciated infants in their arms , begging for bread . ' "'

    "Well , " we think we hear some bloated profitmonger chuckling , " if this is the result of your fine Universal Suffrage and Republicanism , after being in practice so many yeai'S , what use would bo your Charter to you , for which } 'ou are everlastingly clamouring ? " Gently , Mr . Profitmongcv , the lesson that the present state of New York teaches us is , not that Universal Suffrage is worthless , but that it has never been brought into fair operation . Not that Republicanism is an evil , but that Republicanism has never existed but iu name ; otherwise no such overgrown dens of infamy and misery would ever have been permitted to grow up on the American soil , as this same pestiferous Babel—New York . The " Independence" was achieved in ' 76 , but the " Republic " has \) tt to hcestallished . The Americans might just as well be subject to British tyrants as to "Native " plunderers . The heartless , selfish , over-gorged luxury

    of the New York prontocraey , existing by the side ot the misery of the toilers and wealth-producers above described , is a crime against humanity , which ought not to be allowed to endure for a day longer , and will not be allowed to endure for an instant after the long-cheated many return to their senses . Better that this den of thieves and slaves—the slaves ' of wages and of want—should be given over to anarchy and flame , and the fate of Nineveh and 'Tyre be its doom , than that the lazy , gluttonous , brutal few should continue their accursed rule . We say this of cities nearer home , too , than New York ; cities greater in extent , older in crime , and whose miserable victims far outnumber those of New York . But the workingmen of New York have tho remedy in their own hands ; let theni exercise it ; let them use the Suffrage for themselves , and no longer for the heartless politicians of all parties , who

    Keep the word of promise to the ear » And break it to the hope . Let themmakoa veritable Republic ; let them insist upon the land being given to the landless , and drive the bloodsuckers to honest labour , or the devih The National Rbfobmebs continue their weekly meetings , and , besides the central meeting , are establishing ward meetings , and ward organizations , for the purpose of agitating their principles , and also preparing against the fall elections ; Mr . Bovav , the eloquent secretary to the association , has gone on a mission into the Anti-Rent district for the purpose of propagating the principles of the Reformers . The late numbers of Young America contain letters from Mr . Bovat , describing his success , which has more than exceeded lm expectations . He is traversing Albany county holding large meetings , his audiences everywhere according their assent to the principles

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    and objects of the National Reformers . Amongst the new adherents to the association , we notice a Mr . ° , fZLi or ° 5 Iri ! hl ¦ FWttnteer , who , at a meeting holden on the 20 th of August , said :-He came not to teach , but to learn . Though a-young aisciplein the onuie , he had watched the progress of the association since it commenceJ , and finding its purposes jUSt , hatt joined it ; as in duty bountf . The measure of this assot-mion is nn ( lil ) g itg my > uoeause tliose who have watched its progress for nearly ttfo years have seen that Hie men who have pushed it on are men who have a handicraft , and consequently a deep interest in the rights of labour . Those who arc converted by these men , will stick when converted . It is" no wonder , said Mr . O'C , that this cause should claim my sympath y , who , in my native country , haveseen whole villages levelled , and men driven from the portals they hud been familiar with from infancy , by a system of landlordism . I believe , said he , that soon you will have thousands engaged shoulder to

    shoulder iu this cause , without respect to party . What liavo the parties done , except to increase taxes and distribute offices , while the labourer is sinking step by step into abject poverty ? The party that will take up the measure of this association , that party we should stand by and vote for , but no other . I , said lie , argued this measure at all points with your secretary , ami at last became con . vinced , and have since convinced many others ; and I can assure you the cause is going on gradually , and that soon a state of things will come to pass , when , instead of wanting handbills to call a meeting , you will want officers to keep the passages clear , and have spontea rushing to the platform to proclaim that the land given by God to man , should be kept out of the hands of speculators , and appropriated free to actual settlers . ( Loud cheers . ) The time

    is not distant when those who oppose this measure will only be wretches who cannot feel for common humanity . Go to Europe , and see the situation of the toiling farmer rising pvoduce that lie i 5 not allowed to eat ,, while a few yards distant is the half . starvcd operative singing over his beer pot that" Britons never will be slaves . " Now is the time to avert such a fate as this from the producer of America . Every member of this association should , becomcan apostle in the cause . Little i 3 to be expected from the press till the people are informed . It is too mucu occupied with offices in and out of the Custom House ; whose prospects are bright and whose not ; who is headed o& ; and who outfit to be headed off , the building of neiv prisons and alms-houses ; while thousands of men are begging employment even at fifty cents a ( lay . But men ot ' mind and influence have had thuh 1 attention dvawu

    to tins subject by the efforts of this association ; men from whom trading politicians and time-serving presses will take their cue . These men can see that the larger our alms-houses , the less will be our dignity as a republic ; that there is no good reason why men's lives should be shortened by privation and suffering ; that here there should be « o paupers ; that ail should be freemen ; and soon your presses will be loud in proclaiming these truths , and soon your platform will be filled with men who will be anxious to convince you that they have always entertained such sentiments . ( Loud applause . ) The Trades are moving , but like the trades in this country they move slowly ; never mind , the advance of machinery , and increasing . tyranny of competition , will make , them move quicker bye and by . At a lato general meeting of . the jNcw . York Trades , Mr . Bovay spoke at groat length in . support of the freedom of the public lands . His address was-received with great enthusiasm . The . following are extracts : —

    Labour has from the beginning been- enslaved : whatever progress man ¦ lias made , has ¦ been through slavery . In eavliui ages it was the simple direct slavery of pure force : " No long circuit of means" was employed to reduce the labourer to servitude . His body was at once declared to be property , and ho a thing subject like other things to law of trade . This form of slavery lias not been abolished as is so generally supposed , even under our nMuievnxu . vilutM . l 6 n , but with a fe > Y rare exceptions it has decayed ; it is simply out of fashion , obsolete , for the most part , dead . Where there is any vestige of it left , no doubt it is most revolting to our moral instincts ; simply because its direct , downright way of doing things is Somewhat opposed to the circuitous rAg-zn ? paths wuiclr civilization takes to accomplish its ends . In the course of time another form of slavery has also arisen , flourished ,

    and now , over most part of Europe at least , fallen . It chained man to soil whereon he was born , made him a fixture to real estate , declared ; in fact , land to be the principal and man a mere incident—an accident . And yet , as in the more primitive Chattel slavery , so in the Feudal ) there was some rude connecting link , even if it were enly by iron . chain and brass collar , between the master and his slave . Says ilr , Carlyio : "Gurth , with the brass collar round las neck , tending Ccdriu's pigs in the glades of the woods , is not what I call an examplar of human felicity ; but Gurth with the sky above him , with the free air and tinted boscage and umbrage around him , and in him at least the certainty of Eiipper and social lodgings

    when he camu home—Gui'th to me seems . happy m comparison witlnnanvii Lancashire and Buckinghamshire man of these days , not born thrall of anybody . Garth is now emancipated' long sines ; has what we call' Liberty . ' Liberty , I nm told , ' is a divine thing . Liberty , when it becomes the lihurty to dio by etu'Viiliori , Is not so divino . " Such simple , and in some considerably qualified sense , patriarchal relations are now past , this long time ; and the labourer throughout the greater part of the civilized world , though called "free , " is reduced to he the slave , not of man , but of a thing , of a heavtliiss , soulless , merciless nionstcr named " Capital , " which knows no conditions but those which are written in its bond . If the

    condition written be " a puund of flesh , a pound of flesh it will have ; if a human body or a human soul , nothing short of the body or the soul will satisfy it . Its courses are insidious , subtle , and past finding out . Having , through its doctrines of "LaUsex Fnire , " "Supply and Demand , " &e ., brought at last great part of the labourers in Christendom down to a point very little above starvation , it is now seeking successfully to turn them oil ' altogether , not to graze bat to starve . Human labour is to ba dispensed with hereafter , and elemental labour is to supply its place . Capital says now to that dark ,. frowning mountain yonder , " I have work for you to do ; " and straightway ¦ the immense mass , which has held it » place impregnable since the beginning of time , becomes melted into red liquid irpn , and through various cunning influences begins to assume

    forms of cylinder , piston , and connecting rod , ' till finally that black old mountain stands in well-adjusted , elegant machine , ready to do whatsoever work is demanded of it . The individual labourer will , of course , Strive for a tirao to Iccep his place , and battle for existence with this machine , but elemental labour is too strong for au arm of flesh , and shortly he is ousted of employment and tuvned away to die . Do I object to the introduction of machinery into the province of human labour ! Assuredly not . It is OUG of tllQ most remarkable evidences of human dignity and progress . But it is that , after he has been thrown out of his accustomed employment by machinery , the labourer should , without any provision for his support , be remorselessly cast oft' to die—this it is to which I tnlco exception . I rejoice that now , instead of paddling up and down the coast in a rude bark canoe ,

    with cargo , at the best of untanned skins aboard , man is able to command that oak forest and hemp field in language irresistible , to carry for him this polished cutlery and these delicate muslin stuffs into remote Chinese sens ; but I humbly opine that the moral and social condition of the human family should be in some degree improved by it , and not made incomparably worse . True , the pro . ducing classes of this country are not sunk so low as those of Europe , but they ara subject to the same social and commercial unwritttu laws , and under their operation tlicy . ai'Q sinking with . fearful . rapidity . Is the * t under the sun any remedy for this ? The gueition is now fairly up , demanding in earnest tones immediate consideration ; and it will not be postponed until African shivery in the south is settled , nor for any manner of question whatever . The free labourer of this North ,

    wrestling with unseen , fiendish powers , calls aioud thatmost immediate-attention be paid to his necessaries , " Behold , 05 , 000 of my brethren are sunk below the condition of labour into absolute pauperism , in this city of New York alone , " and again we are brought back to the question , " What shall be done 1 " We have in this country an casy . 'Simple , and effectual way of doing certain things , established on purpose for the convenience of the people : it is through the " ballot box . " Iu my opinion it is the labourer ' s only hope , and I undertake to say there is one question now partially before the people Of this country , falling necessarily to tho decision by ballot , which , if justly settled , would once and for ever on this-Continent emancipate labour from the thraldom of capital , and establish " a fair , day ' s wages for a fair day's work . " It is a fact seldom , almost never dwelt upon ,

    that in . eoursa of . time all things which aro .-upon the earth , or under theearlh , or in the sea , susceptible Of it by nature , have , in the hands of man , or by fiction or intendwent of law , been reduced to the condition of property . Man himself has not been excepted from the rule ; the elements , which it is evident from the Biblei from the nature and want 3 of man , and from his position hove in this world , the Creator designed to be and ' to remain free for ever , are at last all monopolized , so that from the highest pinnacle of Mount Blanc , 15 , 000 feet or so , to tlie lowest Tcmpe valley in broad Europe , there is not a rood of earth destitute of its parchment coveringall to tiie darkest , deepest " Trosnrch ' s Jaws" is covered over with the patents and title deeds of society , and time lias hallowed the possession . Truly in these last days , as of old , " the foxes have holes , and the birds of the air have nests , but the son of man hath not where to lay his head . " I hold it to be self-evident , that man has a natural right to the occupation and enjoyment of a portion of this earth , and the first command which I find

    given to him in the bible , though not in the form of a command , is in substance , that he shall go forth and work upon it . Again ,-in the institutions of the chosen people , a broad distinction is taken between the posses , sions in land nnd those things fashioned by the band of mail , which we call " personal property , " for while these , the transient , the perishable- , were not to go back at the jubilee , it is provided that " the land shall not be sold for ever . " Modern Governments , however , not only assume to " sell the land for ever , " but also—by what right I am at a loss to determine—they confer , dominion over it to the individual , not bounded by his wants or his ability to enjoy , but by Uis lust and ambition alone . ThusKorman William gave all the lands of England to 700 of his freebootins barons , and three-fourths of it is owned by three thousand families to this day . Herein is he solution of that problem which bag so long , in its general a » pect , puzzled tlie political economists ; whence comes it that the wealth of that nation rises just in proportion as its labourers sink into poverty and destitution ? To

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    millions of the people of England access to the soil ; without revolution , is impossible ; employment then nt SOJlie rate they must have of capital or die . Machinery comes in to do the work of man , children do the work of women , and constant increase of nuinbcfi aggravates their helplessness . Still employment they must have ; and from such employment" good Lord ' deliver us ; " nota horse , not an ox , willing to work in the united kingdom but what is better-paid ; it is such as enables Great Britain to command fur her products the markets of the world , by underselling every other people ; and thus is the gold and silver tide settingfrom far and near toward the " fast anchored isle . " After manifold Chartist insurrections the people of England are now f « st coming to the conclusion that nothing short of an outlot to the land will answer , and they aro calling aloud for the restoration of the commonlands , stolen

    heretofore by a partridge-shooting aristocracy . In this country , we , the National Reform Association , turning away from the cultivated and appropriated earth , take our stand on the public Jflmlf . We ask that those laiwts shall be disposed of under something like tho following plan , ^ which is no contrivance of ours , for the present condition of agriculture seems already to have decided what is right and practicable concerning them : —Let territorial governments bo enacted over tlimii , nnd state governments iu time . let them be divided into counties , townships , sections and quarter sections as now , and let every man who will live upon it , come and take , without money or without price , one of these quarter sections ( ICO acres ) not already occupied , which shall I'Cmilin to him and his heirs tor ever ; but in every township at least the most eligible section ( one milo square ) should be reserved and laid out with proper discretion and care into free lots for the inhabitants of a village ; and , to prevent

    the accumulation of great possessions in land , the inevitable result of which is to depr ive thousands of the enjoyment of any , it should be provided that no title to more than one farm or one village lot shall ever be recognised in any man . To this extent , then , would land be property , subject to all its laws and incidents , but no further . Every man in such a state would be borna freeholder , which would of course give Mm « material inuepeiiuuncB for all time . There undoubtedly would ba tlie employer and employed , but no abject dependence-, them would be wages , but no "slavery of wages . " Forthwith , were this great measure carried , the tide of human life , instead of setting as now . stendily towards the cities , would turnitself toward the setting sun : and three generations hereafter SllOUld SCO iu that valley Of tllfe Mississi ppi , swarming with its tens of millions , tho most industrious , most virtuous , most intelligent , and , in the aggregate , the most wealthy community whereon the sun ever shone .

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    Losnox Corn Exchange , Moxdat , Sept . 29 . —Tlie arrivals of English wheat up to our market during last week were on the increase , but those of barley , malt , oats , and all other grain of home produce , were on a very limited scale . Of- Irish oats the receipts were tolerably good : the imports of foreign wheat jiud oats very extensive . The accounts which have reached us to-day from the North of England arc to the effect that , notwithstanding the comparatively unfavourable weather lately experienced there , harvest work is progressing somewhat vapidly , though a larger-portion of the wheat and other grain has been carried in very middling condition . Fresh , up this morning rather an increased supply of English wheat came to hand coastwise , as well as by land carriage and sample , chiefly from Essex and Kent . The

    stands were in consequence well filled with parcels of both red and white ; yet , as the attendance oi London and country dealers was large , the demand for that article was very steady at fully 'the advance obtained in tlie currencies on Monday last , and at which , a good clearance was effected h y tho J ' actorSi The sIioty oi irec foreign wheat was , comparatively speaking , limited . The best qualities sold briskly at extensive rates , while other kinds moved oit steadily at full prices . For corn under icek for export , the inquiry was by no means so active as last weclr . Nevertheless , tlie importers would not sell except at fully the lato improvement in tho quotations . Very lew parcels have been entered for home consumption at the 17 s . dutv . We have had very few

    parcels of English barley offering , and the show of foreign was again small . Malting and grinding sorJs soldfrccly at very full prices , but distillingkihds were a slow sale . The best kinds of malt , which were scarce , were in improved request , and last week ' s rates were well supported . The middling and inferior sorts were in sluggish request , Notwithstanding the immense arrival of foreign oats , a good business was doing in all descriptions , and lato rates were sustained in every instance . A few parcels of foreign beans were taken for shipments . Tlie demand for most kinds of English was firm , at the improvement in value noticed last week . White peas were dearer , but grey and maple were a slow sale , but not cheaper . Flour moved off slowly at unaltered currencies . In seeds very few sales were reported .

    CURRENT TRICES OiGRAIN , FLOUR . AND SEED

    m MARK-LAKE . BK 1 TISU GRAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Wheat Essex & Kent , v . -hite . new .. SCtuCG .. UltoTO Ditto , red 52 62 .. 01 66 Suffolk and Norfolk , red " .. 55 GO white 03 C 5 Lincoln and York , rod .. 05 Cl white GO C 5 Nortuumb . and Scotch .-. 55 G'i Rye .. .. .. .. 29 32 Barley .. Malting ... .. .. 31 83 extra — Distilling .. .. .. 25 30 Grinding 2-5 27 Malt .. Shin .. ,. .. ,, 5 i 58 Ware 6 a 82 Malt .. Ship .. ,. .. .. 51 53 Ware 6 a 85

    Oats „ Lincolnshire and'Yorkshire , feed , ' J 2 s Cd to 243 Cd ; potato , or short , 2-ts Oil to 2 Ss Od ; Poland , iBs Gd to 27 s 6 d ; Novthumbevhxmi and Scotch , Angus , " as Gd to 27 s Gd ; potato , 28 s fid to 29 s Cd ; Irish feed , 22 s Od to ' Us Gd ; black , 22 s Od to 2 is 0 d ; potato , 23 s 0 ( 1 to 2 Gs Od ; Gulway , 21 s Od to ' Us Od . Boans .. Ticks 38 it Harrow , small .. .. 33 44 Peas .. White .. 41 4 Shoners 51 58 Gray and hog .. .. 43 46 " Flouv .. Kovfolk and SuftVik .. 42 43 Town-inado ( "crsaclcof 2 S 0 Ibs iS 50 Bliekwheat , or Itrank .. .. .. 30- Z'i

    EKCLISU SEEDS , < fcc . Red clover ( per cwt . ) .. if ) to 70 White clover ( per cwt . ) .. 45 H Rupeseed ( per last ) .. .. .. .. .. £ 2 G 28

    FOKEIGtf GRAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Free . In Bond . Wheat .. -Dantsic and Konigsuerg 6 G extra 70 .. 48 — 55 Ditto ditto .. 61 — G * .. 42 — 47 Pomeranian , ic , AnhaltS 9 — G 7 .. 43 — 47 Uanisli , llolstein , &e . .. 57 — C 3 .. 43 — 45 Russian , hard .. .. 53 — 57 Ditto , soft .. .. S 3 — 59 .. 40 — 44 Spanish , hard .. .. 59 — 00 Ditto , soft .. .. Cl — 05 .. U — 48 Italian , Tuscan , &c ., redC 2 — 18 Ditto , white .. .. C 4 — 70 .. 46 — 51 Odessa » fcTajjanrog , hard 54 — 57 Ditto , soft .. .. 51 — 5 !) .. 39 — 45 Canadian , hard .. . 57 — 60 Ditto , tine .. .. Gl — GS Rve .. Russian ; Prussian , &c . 28 — 30

    Bavlev .. Grinding .. .. .. 26 — si " Ditto , distilling 31 — 84 .. 19 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 Ditto , brew and thick .. 24 — S 7 .. 17 — 21 Russian .. .. .. 21 — 24 .. 15 — 18 Danish & Mecklenburg 20 — 23 .. 14 — 17 Beans .. Ticks , 83 to 39 , small .. 87 — 44 .. 32 — 48 Egyptian 30 — 3 a ., 2 S — iii Peas ... White , 40 toSC , gray .. 42 — 43 Flow . .. Dantsic and Hatnbuvph ( per barrel ) , fine 28 32 , superfine .. .. 31 — 3 G .. 21 — 24 Canada , 31 to 34 , United States .. .. .. 32 — 88 ., 21 — 26 Buckwheat « » " -30 — 35 Mnsttird seed , brotrn ( per bushelj 0 s to I 4 s ; white , 10 s to 13 s . Linseed cakes ( per 1000 of 31 b each ) £ 11 to £ 1110 s .

    FOREIGN SEEDS , &C . Per Quarter . Linseeci .. Peterstrargh and Riga ( free of duty ) „ 42 to 43 Archangel , 4 ( 1 to 43 , Memcl and KoiljgSberg 40 44 Mediterranean , 40 to 4 G , Odessa .. 44 U Rnpeseed ( free of duty ) per last .. .. £ 24 26 Red glover ( 10 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on the duty ) 40 02 White ditto .. .. 45 68 Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 31 to 33 , large .. 40 — Linseed cake ( free of duty ) , Dutch , £ 710 s , £ 3 10 s , French ., per ton .. .. .. .. .. £ 715 , £ S 15 Rape cakes ( freo of duty ) .. .. .. .. £ 5 £ 5 5

    AVERAGE l'iUCES Of ihe last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from tho 25 th of September to the 1 st of October . Vheat Barley Oats . i ityc . Beans i'cas . Week ending ~ - Sl «• T £ | T 7 . ITdi 771 AuglG , 1 S 45 .. 57 0 29 4 22 2 34 4 41 2 80 7 Week ending Aug . 23 , 1845 .. 57 0 29 4 22 2 34 4 41 2 39 11 Week ending Aug . 30 , 1 S 45 .. 86 G 29 0 22 8 33 4 41 8 33 4 Week ending Seut .-fl , 18 < 3 .. 55 10 SO 0 22 4 35 7 42 1 3 G 9 Week ending Sept . liS , | 18 l 5 .. 54 1 31 8 22 10 33 5 42 0 3 G 5 Week ending Sept . 20 , 1845 .. 52 C 31 0 22 3 33 2 42 10 37 0 Aggregate aver , age of the las six weeks .. 55 6 30 2 22 G 33 11 4110 37 10 London averages ( ending Sept . 23 , 1845 ) S 7 6 SI 2 22 3 S 3 10 43 (> 43 10 Duties .. .. 17 0 8 ol C 0 9 6 1 0 4 6

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    London Smitm'ield Cattle Market , Monday , Sem . 29 . — Tho past week's importations of Jive stock into London have been again extensiye , they having amounted to 01 oxen from Hamburgh ; 190 oxen and convs , togcte with ill sheep ,, and 19 calves , from Rotterdam .-tho whole of which hare come to hand in good saleable condition . To-day we had on effer ft oxen and cows , and 150 sheep , which moved off steadily at previous quotations . 1 lie supply of home-fed beasts was very extensive , even tlie time of year considered , yet their general quality was by no means first-rate . The attendance ot butchers being somewhat numerous , the primest Scots , Hci-efords . Devons , &c , commanded a ready sale , at fully , but at nothing quotable beyond the currencies obtained last week , viz ., from 3 s . 8 d . to 4 s . per 81 bs . In the middling and inferior breeds of beasts only a

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    limited business -was transacted , yet prices wore supported . From Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and om other northern districts we received 2 , 200 shorthorns ; from the eastern counties 300 Scots , hoincbrcds , and slim-thorns ; from the western and middling districts 500 Ilereibrds , Devons , runts , In sli beasts , &o . ; from other parts of England , 350 of various kinds ; from Scotland , ISO Scof « : and from Ireland 00 beasts . The arrivals of sheep still fall considerably short of those at the same time in 1 SU , owing to which the mutton trade to-day was very steady , particularly lor lonjj wools , and previous rates were obtained by the salesmen without difficulty . Lamb being now quite out of season , wo have discontinued to quote it . The veal trade was rather Aow ; in some instances prices had a downward tendency . 1 igs were a brisk sale at higher prices . By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal .

    T i . , , 8 . d . 8 . d illiei ' ior coarse beasts . 2 4 2 8 Second qunlitv . . " 10 3 '' Prime large oxen . . 3436 Prune Scots , Ac . . . , S 8 4 0 Coarse inferior sheep . . 30 3 * Second quality , , . 3 G 4 ft Prune coarse ivooilcil . . 4 ' > 4 G Prime Southdown . . 4 8 S (» Large coarse calves . . . 3 10 4 6 Prime small ... . 4 S 4 19 bucklnifr calves , each . . IS o 30 p-LargehOKs . . . , 3 ( 5 4 0 float small porkers , . 4252 Quarter-old store piss , carh . 16 0 23 0

    HEAD OV CATTLE ON SAT , E . ( From the Hooks ofiliu Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 3 , 853—Sheep , 23 , 740—Calves , loS—Piss . MS . Liverpool Catilk Maisket . Moxdat , Seit . 20 . — The supply of entile at market to-day lias been smaller than last week the nriuaipal navt of secondrate and inferior quality , with a , numerous attendance of buyers . Beef 5 id . to Gd . Mutton Gd . to G * d . per 1 b . Richmond Cons Maurkt , Sei'T . 27 , —Wo hiu \ a tolerable supply of » rnin in our market to-day . Old wheat sold from Ss . to & . Gd . ; now (! o . 03 . to S 3 Gd . ; oW oats , 3 s . 3 d . to 'is . ; new do . 23 . 10 d . to 3 s . -id . ; barley is . to 4 « . 3 d . ; beans 5 s . Gd . to os . 9 d . per mshel

    Leeds Corn Mamcm , Tuesbay , Skit . 00 . —There is a fair arrival of wheat , bat a slioi't supply of otliov articles , for this day ' s lniwket ; tlio demand is less active for wheat to-day , but wo note no alteration in its value since our last icporfc . Barley continues scarce , and now begins to be wanted ; it brings full prices . Beans are fully as clear . In oats or other grain no alteration . LlCKDS Cloth Maiikets . —O « Tuesday , there was a falling oil ' in the amount of business at the White Cloth Hall , while in the Coloured Cloth Hall there was a disposition to improvement . Business at the warehouses is inn pretty brisk state , and manufacturers are rather busily employed , Compared with this period hist year , tho anifiutit of manufactured goods is greatly in favour of tlio iivesentseason . Prices remain firm , and in some descriptions of cloth an upward tendency is manifested .

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    < 9 > EXTRAOUDISARY CllttliS IS' TUB WV . ST IsDIIiS DT Hollowav ' s Piu . s as » OisTMiixT . —June 3 rd , 18 te . —Mr . Lewis Lteedon , of George Town , Dcmerara , writes that Mr . Ilolloway ' s Fills and Ointment have cured bad legs that no doctor could manage , ulcers and sores that were of the most dreadful description , as likewise leprosy , blotches , sculos , and other skin diseases of tho most frightful nature . The cures cu ected there by these wonderful medicines are so numerous and extraordinary as to astonish the whole population . They cave bad complaints with ease and certainty when every other means have faiied . These jnrftluabjciiicdlciRpsarG in tltagi'Ciitestjdcniand in the East ami West Indies , and , indeed , in all the British Colonies .

    1 iqua Plant — 'f lie Following are reasons why the Pio . ua Plant is superior to Tea , viz : —1 st . Because it is-beneficial to health , 2 nd . 16 docs not injure the nerves 3 rd . Children may use it with advantage to health . 4 th . It docs not prevent sleep . 5 th . A quarter of a pound will « o as far as three quarter of a-pound of the best Gunpowder Tea . Dili . If ; is strengthening r .- . ul nutritious . 7 th . It is recommended by physician ? , and tea is disapproved of by them . It greatly improves the voice ; it is recommended to Singers and Public Speakers . —Sea Advertisement .

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    BANKRUPTS , fFrom Tuesdays Gaulle , Sept . 50 , 1 S 15 J Ilbbfevt Hnglics . of 113 , Pk-cnrtilly , upholsterer—George Alfred I ' ainc , of 31 , High-street , Ulomusburv , church clock maker— "William Webber , of Ilonidcau , Hampshire , gvocer—Jnines Ilnyncr , of Knughtani , Norfolk , licensed victualler—Samuel Manning , of 17 , Xcwmau-strcct , Oxfordstreet , stone-inasou-Goorgo EdvriWtl Soonc , of -18 , East , street , MnnchcAtcr-squnre , engineer— John Gibson , of 'JO , Motcombe-sti'oet , lielgravu-squnvu , oilman—UicUavd Free man . of 22 , Edwavd-Mvect , I ' oviimin-square , hosier—Dames Warwick , of Tlircinlnccrtle-s'ii-eet , City , : i ; ul of Enfield , NUddlcEttX , tnevcUa-. it—TlU- « v Buvvy , of Hristul , vic ' unUev—William Jnvmnn , of Wi ;> ton , Cumberland , chemist-, ! : imes Thompson nnd Joliii thuiiipsou , of I / ralS , stOL'k > bro 1 U ! l'BRobert SUsVnkliu , of Salforil , Lancashire , druggist—John Hushes . of M anchcstcr . in-ovitiion dealer—Thomas llotcvts , of Liverpool , commission ngent .

    DIVIDENDS DECLARED . George Fisher , of IJnulforil , first dividend of Ss . in the pound , payable » t U . Bis ! ioi > s « te-5 treot , Lueds , any ! day . on and after October (> . lepton Dcbsou , of Leeds , woollen cloth merchant , final dividend of l | d . in the pound , payahlc at 14 , Bishopgatestreet , Leeds , any ( l . ' i . v , on and after Ootober IS . John Iiiiinbriflsc , of Iticiiinontl , Yorkshire , ironfouiider , first aud final dividend of Is . loid , in the pound , payable ut U , KUUopipitcstrcbt , Leciis , " nny-day , on aud ' aftou October 6 . William Clarice , of Shefield , builder , first dividend of 3 s . in the pound , pajiible at 14 , Dishop ^ atcstrcet , Leeds , any day , on and after October < j .

    Thomas Moiser Monukmun , ot'Jh-adforJ , tobacconist , final dividend offld . in tlie pound , jKiyabJu at li , Ulshopjjate-streelr , Leeds , any clay , 0 : 1 « nd after October ( i . Jacob Xcirton , John Wnvd Newton , and Francis Newton , of liotherham , Yorkshire , spirit merchants , first dividend of Cs . 8 d . in the pound : also a dividend of 20 s . in the pound upon the scparuto csf . iic of Jucob New ton : also a dividend of 7 s . in tiie pound ui-cn the sepm-nte estate of John Ward Newtou ; and a fiividc . nl of Is . uj . in tiio pound on the separate estate of Francis Newton , payable ; at 14 , Bishopgate-eiroet , Leeds , any day , on and after OctoberC . James Wood , now or lato of Leesule , Yorkshire , merchant , first dividend , of ' Is . Cd . in the pound , i-. ijuWe nt 1 +, Bishopgate-sti'cet , Leeds , any iky , on » nd after October C . John Hears , of Leeds , grocev , fivst dividend of " s . -Id . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commsraal-buildings , Leeds , any day , ou and after October 7 .

    DIVIDENDS TO US DECLARED , At tke Court of Viutimptcy , London . William Lee , of Ciuiring-croKs , hosier , October , 23 , at tivclvc-ltobert Howlaml , of Thanie , Oxfordshire , auctioneer , Oet . 23 , atlmlf-past one-ilcv . iitl' ysh Turner , of Myddleton . stri > ct , CU ri : cnwcll , i ) aiiitc ( lbni : ' . um : t > : iif : ictui'cr , October 23 , at two—William Crosb y , lii'iijtiiniii Vallcniiue , and * lifeiqnnrin V . 'iiite , of . Itoundsditdl illld IiCdClCIlIiallstreet , City , and of ISiriiiinghain , h . nr&wuruiiiuti , October " 3 , nt halt-past eleven . Bi tho Cov < :-y . William Joseph Warilel ) , of riokerinjj , Yorkshire , wine and spirit merchant , October ' H , ; it eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds—J ««* rpli llowdcn , of Walti-field , ironfounder , October IM , at cluvon , itt Uio Guui't of li'iiikruptc ; ,-, Leeds —J , Campion , IV . Campion , ami 15 , Civm \ mm , oi ! AVhilby , ship builders and bankers , October 51 , at eleven ,

    at the Court ot Uankruptcy . Leeds—Charles Tinimis , ol Darlastou-grcen , StaiKjvdshire , liiivt siriwlev , Xovember 19 , at eleven , atthu Court of Uankru ^ tcr , Jimuiiigliam—Ambrose Brookes , of NewpoiT , Siiiopsiiire , scrimier , December a , at ctevw , ut tlio Court vf Uiinkniptev , Birmingham—James Watson , of Carlisle , grocer , October ' 22 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne —William Hall , of Clnvpath , Durham , grocer , October 22 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Xewcnstlclipon-TyiiQ—John Guodchild I ' ullistei- iluu James May Uutterlint Kewrick , of Sumicrlaml , grocers , October ' 22 , nt eleven , nt the Court of Uanftnipfuv , Jfuivuii'stle-upon-Tyne—Thomas Clifton , of Uernard CusUo , printer , October 22 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , tfeivcastleupon- 'fyne . Certificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to tlio contrary on tho < 1 : >\ - of mcrtinjr .

    irczekiah JJcnby Itojoraii , of Sa , IVidav-strcef , City , warehouseman , October li- '—Charles Day , hito of 1 , Buckingham-street , Vitwoy-sijiiare , oiiemist , October 21—William Giles , of Brighton , boarding housekeeper , October 21 —Thomas Kevely , ji ; n ., of Xuv .-cast ! e-ujjou-Tyne , plumber , October 21—Thomas Clifton , ofHsnisnl Castle , Durham , printer , October 32—Thomas P , av ! ., , «> f Sheffield , grocer , October li--John Akleroft , of Lon ^ sight . Lancashire , licensed victualler , October 23—John Lea , jun ., of Liverpool , wine merchant , October 21 . Certificates to be granted b y tke Court of ltcview , unless cause be shown to tlie ' . mntrary , on or before October 21 . Antonio Nicholas Armani , of 8 , Scott ' s-yawl , Jhishlane , City , merchant-John Smith , of Kngclev , Staffordshire , money scrivener—William liny , of " Liverpool , and New Ferry , Cheshire , provision merchant .

    PAttTXEXSIilPS DlSSOiVED . Thomas Jones ami Charles Stephens , jun ., of Xeivtown , Alontgomcryshire , mercers and drapers—William Leavers and Efhvnnl Drmvn , of . \ mr B . 'isfmvl , Nottingham , machine smiths—William . Smith Dowel ! and James Dowell , of Sunderlaml , joiners— Mary l ' oungliusbaud and Hannah Haswell , Newoastle-upon-Tyne , milliners—George Uower and Christopher Willis , of Ttkuniiouse-yard , attorneys-Thomas Mills and Joseph Wijjnnil , of Liverpool , victuullers-Ricliard William Lijchtun smd George Lhjhtup of 4 Jewry-street , Aldgate , vellum binders-William Windsor Fisher and Wiham Frederick Wr . itisla . v Bird of 3 Kinestreet , Cheapsidy , attorneys-Thomas Kennttt and J A Gregory , ot Chatham-place , Hlackfriars , attorneys-Mary Burditt and Lucy Burclut , of 42 , Lud gate-UUl , nsUHnevs--John Clutton ,: louias George Waller , Jliohad Cooper , and Henry 1 \ Marshall , of 48 , High-street , BoutUivark

    p « l ' l t '' T ' i' , " * ' attorneys-Evan Morris , Ell s lhilhps , and 'lhoinas Francis , of Wre . xham , Denbigh , tellmongers-Thomas . Morgan Nash and Henry Garduier , ot Bristol , oil and colour merchants—William Stevens and Thomas Winterbotlliiin , of Groat Dover-street , iewington . victuiillcrs-Oiven Oivens and Ellis Hughes , of SalYOvU , Lancashire , chemists—Daniel Elins and Thomas J . Ilalsal , Of Chorloy , Lancaster , cotton-spinners—William Alton and Antony Harrison , of South Shields , tallow Chandlers—John Gurnej and Samuel Chapman , of Lambeth-walk , Sum-jr , brewers-Hubert Johnson find Frederick Campble , oi' Manuliester , travolling drapers—James Thomas Wheatley and Thomas Turpin , of 31 , Commercialroad , Lambeth , lightermen—Edward Seppings and Charles Jones , of Swaffham , Norfolk , and Norwich , land and estate agents—Thomas Charles Jiurgon and Charles L Barnwell , of Great Saint Helens , City—Meaard Norman Stephen l'lnllips , and John Burton , of 2 , New Broad-street ' ( so far as regards Hichard 3 \ orni ! m ) -Jamos Soutbev and

    The Land!

    THE LAND !

    —^^R*~ Mvtis.Il M&Btmtnte. , —. ^ ' R I ,¦ I " ^

    —^^ r *~ Mvtis . il M&btmtnte . , — . ^ ' I , ¦ i " ^

    Mnim Jnteuitfenm

    MniM JnteUitfenm

    Gmtatptsu &X*

    gmtatptsu &x *

    Untitled Article

    October 41845 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 CTB ^¦ »¦—¦ ——1 ^ imtmmmmmtmm .

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1335/page/7/