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      tJ ^ JIE TF OBKIXG CLASSES ...- - , CcirsD " ^ As itIs of all things necessary that M ^ vantages arising from pop lar *** Tnt dioaML- whenever opportunity offers , P ^ L ^ for it , I'dcvotethis , my tot let-«* £ mVretttrn from tie Continent , to a consi-^ Tthwe means by which we may tWaost ^ rfnbtt our Land Association upon a safe and ®*?* intin" Thiscanonlv be effected by popular oncd wo *' ' ¦ - ¦! c : . mvre . turn . aiaTJneconferred uilofl . anianccniyreturn . lhaTjngconterrcd

      * ^^ Directors ' wehave come tothe conclusion that ^ ( . rMe ^ a . iG io srrsase thG rifles , and . to Co ^ V req ^ H baskess , should « p £ : e 1 < l ! Wflv as ' ^^^ Thejrinciple of represent * * li ' ii 1 reco " imenae < 1 previous tomy departure , ** , , univcrsiyy approved of ; ami time being an ^ , { ^ at importance , we haveappointed S * tiie l strfB 6621 ^^^^^ ^^ . Monday , *• « ^^^ at Manchester . - :. ; :, fonKren « ' c _ , -ill hpju ! the jmininri-va ffect 5 S «» -Jon wiU read ihe ^ inionvdf our You \ nll

      hfe ' op Jp ^^ gg ] upon plan . be pleased emiBeDl not odJ . Ws ' ^ opin * * but ? l ^ o to sle ^ s *? **"' roTal 0 f the scheme as a civilian . ^ You have , Ae balance sheet published by ' the Secretary up f ?» e end of Sep tember , by which it appears ihat ai J 0 7 -gj we numbered 3 , 500 members , as far as ^ enabled him to judge . In thatreturn , Leeds , ^^ 3 s lu ^ h on the list is not included , as well _ jmv other towns where secretaries liave omitted ^ - " ihe required information so often asked for

      tr the Secretary . Manehesterj also , had '; many - jjumbersat theperiod to ; wfcicb ! the return is Z ^ Ut , while every locality has considerably w ^ a since the end of the quarter ., Taking all ? jifse drcmnsiaEeesintd consideration , Ifcis notprfctgjjjjjc too much to express a Tery confident opinion Sat onr-Association at thepresent _ momeni numbers 02 THOUSAND . Is it not glorious to think rtjta cause that was proclaimed dead has been thus jgascitated , and that the froth of excitement has > - ea * Lu 5 changed into the solid substance of permfe

      jjutid empticn ? . ,: ^ : : t ; 3 Ir iriends , —Our commencement may be dated f ^ n the last week of June , so that only four months jjve elapsed since the birth of our Association . Ab ( jjnsd says » ^ P ^ 111 ^ a novel one , and with you a ijjprd and suspicious—because an informed and oftjgsjved people—novelty , if not recommended by tsEtkaoility , has lost much of its charm . John j , > & ] cannot now be so easily gulled as in " days e ' tbtc , " when lis ignorance and confidence made ijaa ? KI to . every prowler . His speculative days i ^ p ased away , and the hour of thought has ^ nte < 3 . By our rules you will see that we anticirsiai ^ enrolment of about two thousand members ;

      ^ d a year , at- least , was iheiime-sre had assigned forilie comp letion of that number ; and even that hope tos coasMered sanguine and romantic . But , klioM ' . in a Hard of thetinie we can boast of five ihonsand paving members ; that is allowing five to a fejniJr , and " that the redemption from slavery of 25 060 Iranian beings must be followed by the salva-^ s cj at Jcast 5 , 000 more of different avocations , « lave insured the permanent and lasting emancinauoa of 30 , ( KKJ of our fellow creatures . Yes , my mads , bo power upon earth can now arrest this Jjjpt . j consummation . Nor does our labour stop iat : let slaves bat sec 30 , 000 of their class emanci tattd bj a very trifling exertion of their own and all » M ietters of slavery must fall .

      wjiat an answer—what a proud answer our position is to those many "Will o' th' wisps" who would iareafingliieayoufrom the substance tolureyou into MiHcd speculations , even "worse than the railway 2 S » , where , ere long , so many anxious enquirers f 31 imploringly ask of each other the way out e ' a dilemma into which rash speculation and a isaliy subservient press have led so many fools S-njosing that we should now , —or rather upon the

      3 a sf December , —dose the enrolment for the first siriation , and say that at that time we numbered Gjis 8 members , we should have a fund of f 15 , 000 ioaaunence operations with , while I fed perfectly tffiMent that the opinion of counsel , the delibera-Ikffl of Conference , and the adoption of such rules ssar experience will enable us to lay before you , yfflplare it oar disposal the required sum of £ 5 , 000 io aiflmense operations early in the ensuing year .

      li&vt now nearly one thousand pounds more to \ h& to ihe credit of jour Treasurer without the deiheusn ra a farthing ; said you will be pleased b ifci ^ a thai our fands bear interest at the rate dmaniz half per cent , while the sale of cards ad i ^ te ; together with the two shillings paid vm each share , will make a fund sufficiently large to ewer every expense , evento the making , out of the ale of sueL estates as we may purchase , . as well as sBotherlegal expenses , without dedubtiBga fraction im the capital paid on aecount of shares , which

      * 5 G be augmented by two and a hau per cent , inaet The present flourishing condition of our Asoeiation enables me now tospeakmore confidently q « n a sabject which -was made a handle of by many i ^ le friends of the working classes—I mean the ? s 3 isn w * the People ' s Charter . Many speculators qtayonr credulity , who have live d for years upon ^ % excitement , and who abandoned the agitation etk Charter tlic moment something more profitable i ' -sesied itself , endeavoured to persuade you that lie adf uon of the Land plan was the abandonment Ed * Charter .

      » 'nsi one word to those gentlemen . I give them := £ « ae to pick . 1 assert that the possession of the fcsd , by a -very small minority of the people , say ^¦ Wout of 27 , 000 , 000 , that is one in every 540 , r iave the People ' s Charter before those of 3 ? 27 , 000 , 000 anxious to possess such a boon * 21 atlueve the Charter without the Land . Ifeneeh one case 2 show the facility with which the foufldaSon of the I ' cople ' s Charter may be laid , while 1 Save suffered more than anv other man living for

      -a * mg put the cart before the horse . 2 fo law , no nstom , no prejudice , no coercion , no force , nointiaidation , no legd penalties can by possibility be treught to bear against us in our agitation or tWjteration for ileLaud , while eveiy step we take s sonm ch ground « ained ; while upon the other hand ~ efind that any ebullition , any improvement in * •» & , any specdative application of the funds of the "Ohhy , any whim , prejudice , or caprice of the local

      ™ gi 5 tracy , evoy nerve , every fibre , every partieleof 5 a « law , every iorturing power of capital , in short , jN the machinations of " hell itself , with a dungeon , |» traasporf , and the gallows , meet the mere i « litical agitators in their every move : the best , . ff bravest , andt 3 ie most determined , always bear-^ tie penally of the folly , the insanity , and the t ^ ardiceof the babblers , the timid , and the livers 2 j * n « peenlatio n .

      1 bicw that the time of constant employment *« u 3 be one of difficulty for the sensible and sincere 1 f ' - t I was consoled with the reflection that forking classes had gained much wisdom of late years . MTmt I assert then is , that the possession of «* land by a very small minority will lead to the I ^ khiaent of the People ' s Charter , before , under I - ^ easting disparify of classes , political agitation *< mld Jead to the sameresult . Prussia is a despotism ^» at the people possess the land insraall quantities . Jais subdivisioa naa increased prodi giously "Within hiierjearsznd mark its effect . About six years ago , sgentleman inthe Chamber ofCommerce at Coblenti proposed that the people should have a constitution , lie was laughed at as a maniac . A few years after

      fe proposed it again and had a very respectable jBlnority . Last year he repeated his proposition and kd a sweeping majority . I asked the gentleman , who was my informant , what led to the great change ; he took three works of Bnlwer ' s and two of ^ 'Israeli ' s ( Coningsby , and the Sybil ) out of his Pocket . These , said he , the people being in possession of land an 2 arms , and the great petition of three Bullion and a half of the Bnglisb people called Chartists , presented to the House of Commons , and their Tery maEnanimous suffering in prisons for their principles . This gentleman did not know who I was . I asked ; himhow Bulwer and D'Israeli had contributed towards the improved state of tilings in Prussia—he Showed me their works complete , printed in English fa Is . 8 d . each , and they are also printed in

      German . So that that literature , which in England cost -l 12 s . 6 d ., is sold with a profit in Prussia for Is . 6 & This gentleman told me that the general opinion &ronghout Prussia , amongst outclasses of society ,

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      was , ; that ; DpuglaVJerrold , Lytton Sulwer , D'Israeli , Dickens * aria Eugene Sue , were the five great literary reformers of . England ; that Duneombe was the greatest senator , and Sir Robert Peel the greatest statesman . Now , I give you the conversation precisely- as . it : pasied . r ; iHe- said that . the late Lord Grey . was a man highly esteemed upon the Continent —that Lord Palmerston was very much respected and admired—that Duneombe was an object of great admiration ; and when I asked him what they thought of iTaniel O'Connell , he gave me precisely the same answer that I had received in Switzerland and other countries— "Pooh , he js a Jesuit with a great

      commerce" —that means a cunning man having a good trade . He told me that everything coming from Lytton Bulwer and D'Iseraeli carried great weight upon the Continent . I asked him / what effect the petition of the Chartists had , and his answer was , "My God , like atJrander cT ^ p , asieforethat we thought that their-agitation was all to , rob the hind for themselves and to destroy . prbper ^ . 5 ' Iwas mortified enough to . ' find ^ bat ^ ha 4 riot mentioned me at all in the catalogue of reformers , , and my vanity prompted me to ' ask who were the leaders of the English Chartisfaj and if they did any good ? He replied , Feargus -O'Gohnor and other men that

      were in prison , but that they did no . good as they did not write anything . I replied , oh , yes , they have the Northern Star , have pubMediereral tracts ; and aie governed by an -Executive . Well , but says he , " we don't see those things here : they also circulate knowledge said I by addressing public meetings . Ah , said he , we have none of that here , we do all . by cheap booha . The land being in the possession of the people , the cheap democratic writings of your EngT lish authors , and the great consolidation amongst

      the English people has forced us on here . Well , said I , and will you get the constitution . Yes , said he , to be sure we will , notwithstanding that all these meetings of kings of late are more for the purpose of perpetuating the despotism of Prussia , than , as the papers tell us , to promote marriages in Spain . Well , said I , what do you think of Ireland ; is not there a grand union of a whole nation ? Tea , yes , said he , they are a fine union , but it is all for commerce and not for a constitution . They arqlaughed at by every sensible man throughout Europe .

      1 show you now , as far as the opinion of a very intelligent foreigner can have weight , what foreigners look upon as the foundation of a , free constitutionpossession of the land and arms , —mind , arms , —the circulation of cheap knowledge , and the consolidation of public opinion . To possess the Charter is one thing , and to achieve it is another thing ; and although I look upon the possession of the Land by a very small minority of the people as the sure road to the People's Charter , yet , let it be distinctly understood , that if I had my choice to-morrow between the People ' s Charter and the possession of the Laud by a million of persons , I would much prefer the Charter , because it is the great means that through life I have looked to for the accomplishment of those results which will be nationally , not partially , beneficial .

      My friends , as even yet in our improved state some honest wanderers , deficient in concentration , never can associate political and social questions , I L . re thought it necessary to be thus explicit upon this point . The impetus given to all branches of trade by the insane , headlong speculations in railways , had the effect of merging all political parties of the higher and middle classes into a kind of no-political creed . Speculation was the order of the day , and , although based upon a fiction , it had the natural effect of merging all questions politically interesting to the working classes , into the more immediate consideration of employment and wages . Our last Chartist Conference in London , and the subsequent meeting

      of the ' Trades in July , was a very significant notice iliai in bad years you songht the Charter as a means of effecting permanently what you now enjoy casually . You neglected your Executive . You abandoned your principles , or placed them in abeyance . The majority of your leaders sought refuge in novelty ! They denounced you , they pointed out the . weakness of your Association , and made it still more weak by abandoning it . The return of votes for the last elec tion of your Executive , did not show one-fourth the number of enrolled Chartists ( and none other had a right to speak upon the subject ) , that our present Land Society numbers ; and they are nearly to a man Chartists . This is an increase of nearly three hundred per cent , in our numbers .

      I am thus explicit because the failure of the potatoe crop , the bursting of the railway bubble , the threat of the repeal ol the Corn Laws , together with the disaffected state ot nearly every people upon the continent of Europe , will ere long call you and me into a trying and perhaps dangerous position , not as affects our weakness , bat in consequence of the great strength and power which those mighty events mu 3 t inevitably throw into the popular hands . The time is coming when we shall require much wisdom to govern our party—the name of which general discontent will make " LEGION . "

      In my nest letter I shall be able to point out to you the vast advantages which our Land Association must give to its members over those possessed by the most favourably situated in any country , even where the people possess the land in small portions . This letter I was necessarily compelled to devote to our Society and Conference , in order that the necessary arrangementsmay be speedily made for the elections , and also that the necessary levy for the payment of all expenses may be transmitted to the general secretary . We must presume that those who embark their money in the Land Plan trill avail themselves of the time now allowed before

      the meeting of Conference for instructing their delegates upon the work to be performed . The recent tour that I have made , and the close attention that I have paidtothesystemofagrlculture in theseveral countries through which I passed , and the effect of the posses sion of the Land by the working classes upon Governments , manners , habits , and customs , convinces me that England , by a very slight exertion , by a very small minority of the people , may , in less than two years , demand any constitution that they please , and become the happiest , the wealthiest , and the most enlightened people ^ upon earth . - Even now , in the midst of the most degrading slavery , we possess

      advantages which no other people in Europe do possess—the advantage of meeting and saying what we like , without more danger than the chance of being prosecuted for sedition , which , although bad enough , the Lancaster triumph has put out of fashion . Now I'll show you the difference . In no other country do the people meet . They are governed wholly and entirely by the press of the factions , and by military despotism . For instance , I was -walking with a very well-informed Italian , in a large space of ground called thePlace of the Castle , in Milan . At the back was a tremendous barrack , with Austrian , Milanese , German , andTvrolesesoldiers , toanenonnousamount , stationed in it . In the front was Napoleon ' s celebrated triumphal arch , built of Italian marble , to commemorate bis gigantic road over the Alps . On

      the right was the old Boman arena , capable of holding 30 , 000 spectators , where the gladiators used to fight for the amusement of the noble and the wealthy of those barbarous days . I observed to my companion that it would be a glorious place for a public meeting . He smiled ; and I said now , suppose that I understood Italian well enough to make the Milanese sensible of their strength and of theirdegr adation , and that I addressed them here , what would be the consequence ? Why , that as fart as ever a detachment of military could march from the barrack here you would be shot dead . The Milanese , I assure yon , are well aware of the tyranny they endure , and to showyou that theyjare not such despicable slaves as you imagine—it requires 13 , 000 soldiers continually tatioaed in Milan to prevent their ising . The ;

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      have taken that castle and burnt it three times ; jind if tliey had the same power of meeting and speaSing that the English people have , they would be much braver , and a great deal mere united and truer to each other . Whenever they are taken after an outbreak , they suffer death like martyrs , without a murmur . During the time of the sitting of the Conference at Manchester , I , shall address the people of Bolton , and of the other towns in the neighbourhood , oi which I shall give due notice , whenl ^ Eppe to turn my recent tour to the advantage of the working

      classesj and although I have not a single traveller ' s story to tell them , yet I trust that I shall be able to make my lectures instructive and amusing ...: For the present I-need only say , that I am moye Jmi mad than ever , and that every person , bofct " English ' 'and foreign , / toj whom : I mentioned ; my ^ scheme upon the Continent , approved ' ofttl . iandTOt ^ ness and en&t ^ tnat's'the'way fe ' ereak down the law of primogeni ture in England , . whieh ; has -been - the means of creating an idle aristocracy and the greatt distraction ofclasses : ; - ;*' . . r ' :. ¦ ' >¦ ¦ " ¦ ' ¦; ' ¦ "" ' : } - " ^' ~~ '; - ""¦ - } . ' ¦¦; ,

      Since ! wrote my last letter fot . the / Stor I have seen Landron the . side of mountains 1 that -sells"for ; £ 100 ^' aS . ' acre , " . with a slatesurfBC ^ -and not two inches of soil . " I do not mean to say that it is used for ordinary purposes of agriculture ; it is used for the propagation of vines , which , I feel convinced , may be cultivated in many parts of England inthe open air . I have also seen Land cultivated for . ordinary purposes nearly to the very summit of high mountains , while the anti-monopolists . of England would tell usthat theveiy best of our Land was scarcely worth cultivating , because it will not produce the very best description of wheat . But always observe ,, my friends , that as wheat is gold , and diamonds , and rubies , and nightingales , ' and canary birds , and

      horses , and carriages , so are cabbages , and potatoes , and milk , and butter , and tares , and mangel wurzel , and oats , and barley , and flax , ( some of which al ] land will produce ) because all can be exchanged for wheat , and according to a fair standard of-the relative value of the commodities . But you cannot exchange your labour , hired to another , for wheataccording to the relative value of the produce of your labour and wheat . Always bear that in mind , that my Land Plan ib to make you independent of masters , to give you the full and entire benefit of the produce of your own labour , and to .. place you in such a situation that yoa will think it worth your while to demand your full share of legislation in a country in which you have , in truth , a " STAKE t » tk hedge . " 4 Ever your faithful friend and servant , Feaegus O'Connor .

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      FRANCE . The Middle-Class Despotism . —Seven men have been tried by the Correctional police for forming part of an association of sawyers , who had used Slegal means to compel their employers to give an advance of wages . The facts were proved against all hut one , who was acquitted and set at liberty . The chief culprit , named Bourbon , | was condemned to one year's imprisonment , two others to three and two months respectively , and the rest to one month of the same punishment .

      GERMANY . The Saxos Chambers . —The Chamber of Deputies of Saxony , in its sitting of thel 7 th , came to a resolution to present an address tothe King , in common with the First Chamber . Li this sitting M . Karrenetz , one of the Ministers , defended the Govern * ment against the charge of entertaining ideas of reaction . He declared that the Ministry was firmly and ardently attached to the constitution , and would never refringe any part of it , but that , on the other hand , it was resolved , to oppose with energy all attempts to establish revolutionary theories . The Oppositioniu Saxony continues to have the advantage in the discusuonB of the Diet . It has got an addvws

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      totlie Kifi ^ YOtcoV e"dfitrary to ; tlm wisliGs . of the MiiustryV'gnie-fourth paragraph "' of . tlie . ' addvcss implied aig&ntimcnt of distrust ; 'towards the GovenimeHt , and " alluded . to ; promises formevJ y made to Germaiiy ^ ftricV which ' the Diet of Frankfort lias not kept . The First Minister of the Crown , M . de Tschann , opposed as much as possible this paragraph , . which was , notwithstanding , adopted .

      v ^ Switzerland . Brass , ; Oct . 23 . —The elections for -the Great Council of the canton of Berne have turned out much more favourable to the Liberal party than was expected ., in the whole canton the number of . new elections amounted to U ; and in the former chamber 47 of . these were , represented by parfcizans of the government , ; . who . voted for the vote of confidence ; and . lBtwere represented ; by Liberal members who refold ty ^ the 'ISvacandiespn the Liberal side , i 2-have been filledKWrJy 'the tQld ; , menibers ,., and an thejother four ,- newTtfembers Holding : ; the' same opinions have ^;« ^ - % W ^ . t h 78 l ^ eLibemls have gained tel ^ fe ?;^ psf ;; the ;; gbvernment . . candidates , which

      S" - ;? l ? i ? i ^{ R ?!^ ainst ; the , party of M . Bloctschi « ch . neU | s -theleader , ^ and whujh ,. although ^^ " ^^^^^ thl ^ opppsitiwiiiYoted ill fc vour' oi ^^ :, % ; : yote > fco ; nfidehce . v ; . Ttoe Liberal party ^ ffe f » wncil ~ tKus consists , of thirty-one membe ^ rjvMch is nearly : dbub % the number itrliad inrtlie \ wSfc , Yand the ;; result has ; exercised . ^ a great inauencK'oyer thejeountry electors .. ¦ TheniDsfcrer mafkabmnimber 3 of the Liberal party to . < whom the new erestiohs , haye ; given ; seats in the grand council , strei M . " ^ Ochsenbe inj ^ who commanded : in the" famous expedition of ' the " corps francs , and M . Weingart , the editor of " a' distinguished Liberal paper in the canton . M . Bloctsch has been reelected , but 'the ; , election of-the two brothers

      Kneehteushofer- ^ wh ' o made themselves conspicuous during the late ' events—was lost .: , ¦ But although the Liberal party ; has thus ' gairied aTgreat accession of strength , the majority in the . Council still remains onthe side of the party which passed the . ; vote of confidence in the government of the canton of Berne . The -consequence is that the' thirteen members which the Grand Council has the privilege of adding to its numbers directly ' and by . its ,: own vote , will be all on the side of the government , and no doubt the government candidates who los their elections , will be the persons appointed to fill the vacant places . The Liberal cause has , however , gained greatly in the country , and it is more than probable that at the next election the majority will be turned the other way .

      The committee of the Liberal "" Association has drawn up an address to the Grand Council , which is at the present moment in the course of being signed in all parts of the canton of Berne , and which'demands—1 . The complete revision of the constitution of 1831 . . 2 . The revision of the financial laws , and of the civiland criminal procedure in the courts of law . 3 . The establishment of a committee to examine the question of religion and education . Zurich , Oct . 23 , 184 . 5 . <

      M . Arnmann , who has been appointed by the government of Lucerne to make enquiries with respect to the assassination of M . Leu , arrived at Zurich a few days ago , and , has already closed his investigations . It is said ; that from the evidence obtained . M . Arnmann considers the assassination oi M . Leu as the result of the-plot formed by the Lucerne refugees , who have taken up ^ their abode within the territory of Zurich . On . his arrival , M . Arnmann applied to the Court of Appeal for an assistant judge to assist him in his researches , vand the court appointed one of the Conservative part } ' for

      thatpnrpose . A refugee from Lucerne , of the name of Brumuer , whfr was formerly an officer in the army , has been arrested at Winterthen . This arrest has created a great sensation , and the Liberal papers pass violent strictures on the conduct of the Lucerne government on the occasion , while the Conservative papers are equally violent in its ' , defence . M . Arnmann has returned to Zurich ,: and : will publish his report on this affair in a few days ., ¦ Reports have been spread here that the Radicals wish to make an attempt to rencue the persons arrested as the assassins , or accomplices in the assassination of M . Leu .

      . I--,. > SPAIN . ; CoHBriKAcir'Ax Btrsor , otiab Ahcant . —Accounts frqmMadrid , of . tJa : ' 20 tK"df ? October , > state'that a c 6 nspiracy . hiH ; bcen ^^^ discovered at Busot , near Alicant , the objectof which was the seizure of the fortress of St . Barbara , The conspirators had endeavoured to corrupt the persons ' .: in charge of the fortification , "bjtrt" the Gqvernmeht ^ iaving ^ fqrnwtion ; 9 f ; ffie . affair , tm ' easuress ^ prevent its execution , aiuk tlieiconspiratorsr- 'taking

      Mfe , alarm , ^ abandoned their p ] ani ;^ . ^ ;» ;; - $ ; X ^ £ Z \* ' i 3 ^ LBH ' ib ^ - ^ Oo >" . Sl .-i-The ^ Gbverament goes on steadily with ite measures against the press . The Espectador , which ventured to make some rather sharp remarks upon some of the late acts of the Government , has been condemned to pay a fine of 20 , 000 reals , which amounts to £ 200 sterling . The case wj > 3 tried , of course , without « i jury , and the chance of justice the unfortunate editor had may be guessed , when the fate of the President of the Court which acquitted Messrs . Certina , Madoz , and Lopez s recollected .

      October , 22 . —The SenorsBresca , of Malaga , who lave been in prison at Granada for two months , have been placed at liberty at last , no charge resulting against them . Senors Velches and Rebal , who were taken up at the same time , are still in prison , and Senor Garcia Segovia has been banished to Isnalloen , where he is to remain in confinement during pleasure . A final sentence has been given by the court-martial , General Cordovo at their head , against Don Mateo Calvo , an ex-deputy , and the two editors of the Eco who are declared acquitted of the charge of being implicated in theattempt to shoot JNarvaez two years ago ; but , strange to aay , while the sentence declares that "Don Lorenzo Mateo Calvo , 'Don Francisco Medraldua , and Don Juan Antonio Meea are

      absolved , " it adds , ; " the imprisonment they have suffered serving as a punishment V and also imposes on them the costs , ' , of the process , and a fine of 100 dollars , in addition , on Senor Calvo . The Eco exclaims to-day against the injustice and inconsistency of . this sentence . Two men , named Gervoles and Marques , are condemned to death , as concerned in the attack on Namez ; and another , Andres Sanchez , to ten years' imprisonment with hard labour . The responsible editor- of the Eco Senor Hernandez , is unconditionally acquitted , and the remaining parties , eleven in number , are discharged , some of them with liability to pay the whole or a portion of the costs of the process . The sentence is dated the 17 th instant , and was communicated on the 20 th . The Eco is justly indignant at the termination of the trial in so unsatisfactory a manner ; its editors , after suffering eighteen months' imprisonment , still

      remaining with the odium attached to complicity in an attempt at assassination hanging over them . It asserts , mprevover , that the chief accuser , one Beltran , who has died since the process began , had confessed on his death bed , with the express desire to the confessor that it might be made public after his death , that all that lie had testified against the editors of the Eco and Espectadorwas absolutely false . The confessor , a Senor Duenas , chaplain to the general hospitals , did not make it known for some ime , and the Eco censures his conduct for withholding it , but it was ultimately made known by the chaplain in presence of two witnesses . The appeal of the Espectador against the sentence of the lower court , for libel on the government , has been rejected , and that journal condemned in costs , and a fine of' 20 , 000 reals , and to publish a retraction , with the sentence , which it has not yet complied with .

      UNITED STATES . LrraBPOOL , Monday Evening . —The British and North American Royal mail steam-ship Cambria , Captain Judkms , arrived In the Mersey with the usnal mails this evening , after a run of extraordinary rapidity . The Mormon troubles haa subsided , but not until an effectual demonstration had been made by the local authorities , who were prepared to put them down by force—by the strong arm of the law . The Mormons have defended themselves nobly . One account says _ that in an engagement with the mob . eighteen of the latter were killed , and only three Mormons . Sheriff Backenstos . annotated bv the

      government of Illinois , is a Mormon , and in the riuts has been their military leader . They quietly , and without opposition , occupied the opposing towns of Carthage and Warsaw . The governor of Illinois has sent a body of troops , by which both parties are kept in check . The Mormons have offered to leave the country if paid" for their lands and houses ( 100 of the latter nave been burnt by the mob ) , and one anti-Mormon meeting haa acceded to the terms , which are rejected by several ; other meetings ! It is clear that through this miserable persecution they will be finally compelled to leave the country . The Courier and Enquirer says : —

      All apprehension , and indeed all rumours , of war with Mexico are now at an end , and as the stated time of the assembling of Congress is now approaching , there will probably be no new ^ xecutivo demonstration in Texas or elsewhere . Th * Anw-Rbni Wab . —Two Mkh condemned to be Hwe !—O'Connor and Steraburg hate been con-

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      demned'to death ; for . the murdeV of Ste ' el * in . * the Anti-Rent-revolt in-ilie State o 5 " New Yovk ; and 1 Big Thunder , " with niany others , to imprisonment for life and for shorter periods . ' Mr .. Owen , from Exolaxd ; has held a " World ' s Convention" of Socialists'in . New York . ' CANADA . ¦ The subscriptions and contributions in all parts of the world for the relief of the sufferers by the two late destructive fires in Quebec ' , received up to the 26 th ult ., amounted to the . sinn of £ 62 , 136 18 s . 5 d ., independently of a grant expected from the provincial treasury of £ 20 , 000 . Of this ' large amount only £ 900 came from the United States . "" ¦ - - , . M , Papineau had arrived . in Montreal . ¦ ' ¦ : An extensive fire had occurred in Griffintqwn on the 4 th inst . ; thirty-six dwellings were destroyed . . ¦¦

      ¦• :: ¦ :,: :,: .. ; , the caucasjjs . ; - > ^ . -, ; -- - ' The '; pontfitutiomeii says :--. ' , ' Theiinformation which ; . we , fiaye received from Constantinoplerelative tc the aflairs of . the Caucasus acquires much , interest ; Schaihyl ; has established throughout all Daghestan , and In independent Circaasia , judges : and .. tribunals under .. his ebntrp'l .. Intelligent men are . at the ^ head of a cariiibn-fovindry , similar-. to that which cast cannoris in ¦ . P-oJftnd- 'in 1830 ., ' Three kinds of silver , coin are struck ; ' one of five roubles , another ; of . two « nd a half roubles , arid a third of one rbuble ; and ^ twentyfive cbpecs . " . General Worenzow is expected : in Little Russia . ' : . It is ' stat ed ¦ . that the , Emperor has : proposed to Paskiewitsch to give him the command of the army , and that he has refused . ., . The troops demand General Moiiravieff to . faketEe ' placeof Woronzow , but

      the Emperor will not' consent , because he is a pupil ot'Yennoloff . A letter froru Odessa , of the 2 nd , even states that Count Woronzow has again setoff . for the Caucasus , where he will continue to command the expeditionary army , Several officers of the army of the Caucasus have arrived at . Odessa , and the causes of 4 he" defeats experienced . by' the army of . Count Woronzow begin to be seen ^ morei clearly . ; The easy passage by which the Count reached Dargo was . but asoheraeof Schamylj to ^ draw himinto the interior of the country ; The Russian General " was so improvident that he neither secured his . communications , nor provided sufficiently for the provisioning of his army . When he had once reached Dargo he saw himself surrounded on every side by enemies , and he was compelled to think of a prompt retreat ; but he

      was unable , to retreat to Andy . All the columns acted without concert and without ensemble . Arrived on the plateau adjoining Agtchai , the Russian army had no means of continuing its march , being without provisions and ammunition . It was on the point of laying down its arms , when , by an unforseen chance , General Freytag arrived with a detachment of 9 , 000 men , and brought the remnants oi the troop ' s of Woronzow on the line of the Caucasus . They now remain in the forts of the Terek , as it is feared , to make them cross into Georgia . The Russians themselves admit their losses to amount to 18 , 000 men . Never have the Circassians gained so complete a victory . It is confidently , stated that Schamyl Bey has sent half of his troops to Hadji Suleyman Eflendi to attack the Rusaians [! on the Jine of tiie Kuban . "

      ¦ - ALGERIA . The Paris papers of Monday report the renewal oi the conflict between the French and Arabs . General I . amoriciere left Djemmfv-Ghazaouat , at the head of 4 , 000 infantry and 500 cavalry , for the province of Trara , where he hoped to fall in with Abd-el'Xader . On the 12 th of October he fell in with the Kabyles , with whom he had a very sharp , but apparently indecisive action , for on the 13 th the combat was renewed , and the French troops were , enabled at length to force the defile occupied by the enemy . Abd-el-Kader was present at the latter action , at the head of 2 , 000 cavalry ; but he took no part in it , and on seeing the defile forced he retired at the head of his cavalry , without being either attacked or pursued . The fighting between General Lamoriciere and the Kabyles continued on the 14 th and loth , and a great number of lives were lost on both sides ; but at

      length a portion of the Kabyles being caught between the French columns and the sea , were forced to lay down their arms . The number of the prisoners taken is not mentioned , nor is it stated what became of the remainder of the Kabyles ; but the probability , is that they escaped to . the . mountains . The route' taken by Abd-cl-Kader is also unknown . A general defection of the native , tribes against the French is taking place , ^ he-whole . of the district of 0 rah , fr 6 m thesea'tO thedesert , is now in arms against the French . ' The communications by land " are entirely cut off , and it is only by sea that any communication can be carried on between ; the Algerine capital and the provinces . ' ' The gravity of the state of affairs . in that , part . of the French possessions is freely admitted , even by-the organs ef the French Government . - :, ^ : ' - ^ . ,:: ;;; - - ! - ¦ ¦> ^ W ^; J ** - ^ Jiz& ~ J ~ , , _ ¦ - ^¦¦¦¦ - ' ¦

      •¦• : ¦ ' OPENING OF THE PORTS . A most important rumour circulates in seleet circles in the City , relative to the terras on which foreign grain and flour are to be admitted for home consumption by the Order in Council expected out tomorrow . If we are correctly informed , the following will be the scale lad down : —Wheat , 4 s . ; barley , 2 s . ; oats , Is . ; beans and peas , 2 s . per quarter ; and flour , 2 s . per sack . This order will release about one million quarters of grain and flour in bond in the United Kingdom , 170 , 000 barrels of flour on the way from the United States , 150 , 000 barrels from Canada , and 60 , 000 quartars of wheat from the Baltic , besides othoi supplies , which may pevhapa reach before tlie winter sets in . The duty to-day is returned at lCs . — The Sim , Thursday evening , October 30 th .

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      The Manchester Trades , asd the Weekly Half-day Holiday . —The trades of this town have nearly all adopted the system of leaving off work at noon on the Saturday , and amongst the number we are happy to state is that numerous and respectable body the Carpenters and Joiners , who for the future will leave off work at twelve o ' clock at noon on Saturday's , instead of as heretofore at four inthe afternoon . This salutary change will , we trust , be equally beneficial to employers and employed , inasmuch as the working hours of this large body have been rery irregular , and been the prolific cause of much misunderstanding betwixt the masters and men . The

      ouniey men seeing this , came to the determination , , if possible , to put an end to the cause of dissatisfaction by adopting some plan by which the working hours might be made more equal . To this end they called a general meeting of the whole trade in the Carpenters'Hall to take this matter into consideration , when they found upon examination , they found that for thirty weeks in the year they worked sixty hours per week ; eleven weeks , fifty-sevea and a half hours ; and eleven weeks , fifty hours . This irregularity not only led to differences above spoken of , but likewise tended to make work scarce in those parts of the year when the hours of labour was short , and by this means compelled many of them to be out of employment in the winter season . The result of

      their deliberations was the adoption of a scale of working hours which would enable them to work a certain number of hours each day all the year round , and likewise the appointing of a deputation to wait upon the whole of the masters in the trade , and lay before them the new scale of working , and to solicit theiv co-operation in carrying tho same into effect , the results of which will be seen by the subjoined resolutions , unanimously agreed to by both masters and men ; " That the working hours of the Carpenters and Joiners of Manchester and Salford be for the future from seven o ' clock on Monday morning until six in the evening ; and from six to six all other days , except Saturday , on which day they cease work at

      twelve o clock at noon ; making a total of fifty-seven hours per week all the year round . " " This resolution to be binding upon all men working in shops and enclosed buildings . All others to commence work at light and leave off at dark in the winter season , except Saturday , on which day they cease work at twelve o'clock at noon . " By these alterations all parties concerned will be benefited . The workmen will have a small abridgment in the hours of labour . The master , at the same time , can calculate upon the men working a given number of hours each day , which has not been the case heretofore . And those partieB who' have their work done by the day , will have the same number of hours'labour in the shortest day of winter that they would have in the longest day in summer ,

      Lancashire Weavers . —A public meeting of the operative hundloom Weavers has been convened at Lamherhead-green on Monday , the 27 th inst . The meeting was addressed by Mr . John Limagin , ol Wigan , who , in an able and eloquent manner , pointed out the benefits that now is , and is likely to be derived , from the working man ' s union ; and alsotne evil effects that has been the product of disunion . His address was received with every mark of respect , after which the meeting quietly dispersed . . - Strike at the Cabron Ibon Workb .-A meeting of the moulders belonging to the . aboye works took place on the 21 st inst ., near to the . works , which was weft attended by the men , to hear an address from W Duro agent of the Miners' Association . The speaker saowd the utility of union and restriction , to

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      the j » eatiBfacfen ^ "m ^^ mYM' ^ mhmiw- ^^^ -f ^ a Btrik ^ waCrieyer » the'work'iifg ' ciasses ; w «^ t ; alipwij these men % ojn defeated ; for ^ fhWwanfot ^ pqrt . ; ^ Thex . adviieilung mc ; i # th ' an tUeVai < l iMpritfes pai 4 ^ the , neigh . bonrlng wo ' rk ' sT : Bi » 400 . an '{ lj $ t ) 9 m . en areipn the strike . 'WsuP ^ ceive"d " a"ddfeise 4 . to throlerk . iau ^ of John * Maim , CrosKKe ^ laikirk ;; « yA HT 7 a 03 ^ 0 ^ 3 - ^

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      : Henry Hunt's Birth-Day . —Democratic Supper . " : , ¦—The Democrats of London are informed that . a public supperto commemorate the birth-day of Henry . Hunt , '" the champion of Universal ; Suffrage , " will > be h ' olden on Thursday evening , November 6 th , at the Sun and Thirteen Cantons ( Clock House ) , Castle- - ' street ; Leicester-square . . Fcargus O'Connor , Esq ., is invited to preside on the occasion . The conductors ; of the Northern Star ; Thomas Cooper , the Chartist poet ;; and several distinguished Democrats of this , and other countries will be present . Supper . on the table at eight o ' clock precisely . Tickets may be had-, of W . Rider , Northern Star office , 17 , Great Wind- mill-street ; Mr . Dymmock , 1 , Mellick-place , Rus- ^ sell-street , Bennondsey ; Mr . Edwards , Weston- *

      street ^ Bermondsey ; Mr . Keen , S , St . Patrick's , ; lien-ace , Brunswick-street , Dover-road ; Mr . Dron , '' . Oakley-street , Lambeth ; Mi-. Shaw , 24 , Gloucester- " ,. street , Commercial-road East ; Mr . Illingworth-Epping-plaee , Mile-end-gate j Mr : Overtoil , 14 , , Tabernacle-vow , City-voad ; Mr . II . Ross , Hammersmith ; Mr . Ford , Knightebridge ; and at tho bar of the Clock-House , Castle-street , Leicester-square . i A Democratic Supper , in honour of the birth-day ' of Henry Hunt , will be held at the Whittington and ' Cat , Church-iw , Bethnal-green , on Wednesday ; Nov . ; 5 th , 1845 ; several distinguished English and Foreign Democrats will attend . Thomas Cooper , the Chartist '

      poet , will preside on the occasion . Supper on the table at eight o'clock precisely . Tickets may be had of the following persons : —Mr . Shaw , 2-i , Gloucesterstreet , Commercial-road , East ; Mr . Illingworth , 9 , Epping-place , Mile-ead-gate ; Mr . Blight , 11 , Thomas-street , Stepney ; Mr . Drake , Standard of Liberty , Brick-lane , Spitalfields ; Mr . Mitchell , 15 , Church-row , Bethnal-green ; Mr . Kirby , 25 , Under-¦ wood-street , Mile-end New Town ; Mr . Davis , 18 , . Applcby-strcet , Pearson-street , Kingsland-vo-ad ; , Mr . Mflls , 1 , New Inn-street , Shoreditch ; Mr . Randall , Ckurch-row , Bethnal-grcen ; and Mr . Lefever , 11 , Dunk-street , Mile-end New Town .

      Face- kg-jn of the Fioor of a Dissenter * Chapel . —Tir » Persons Killed . —On Wednesday evening last , i . i the village of East Waldren , ' the'floor of the Methodist chapel fell in . There was a meeting for : the pui-pose of considering the plan of erecting a new chapel , the present building being in a dilapidated state . During the proceedings a crash was heard , and a considerable portion of the flooring suddenly gave way , precipitating a number of persons into tlie cellars under the building . " Several were extricated . with fractured limbs and other serious injuries . ' ¦' - ' Unfortunately two persons were killed , namely , Mr . Joseph Saudon , of Stoke Marsh , farmer , and a young man named Patterson , an assistant to Mr . William ' "Jones , ' draper , of Waldren . The bodies of the unfortunate men were found jammed between the wood of the flooring and the brick work of the cellar , and crushed in a shockins manner . . ¦

      ' A »« ltert ' and . Attempt at Murder , —At- the " Middlesex Sessions , on Thursday , Joseph Samuels ¦ was indicted for assaulting Uenvy Samuels . The pvo- secutorwaatlie defendant ' s brother . They resided together in the same house . On Saturday , the oth of September , ' the ,. prosecutor had eccasion to be ' , absent from lionie , and ; upon , his return , found his wife in bed with his brother .. He ordered them out of the hoiise , but defendent refused to go . An altercatiori ensued , in the course of-which the latter made a thrust at his brother , the prosecutor , with a large knife , at the same time uttering a horrible imprecation . The jury returned a verdict of guilty . The court sentenced the prisoner to one month ' s imprisonment with hard labour in the House of Correction , and to enter into li is own recognizances in £ 20 , and find one surety in the sum of £ 40 to keep the peace ' for six months .

      Manchester . —Two lectures will be delivered in the Carpenters' Hall , on Sunday ( to-morrow ) , by Mr . Dorman , of Nottingham ; first lecture to commence at two o'clock in the afternoon , and the other at halfpast six in the evening . Oi . diiam . —A lecture will be delivered in tlie Working Men ' s Hall , on Sunday next , by Mr . William Dixon ; chair to be taken at half-past six in the evening . Henry Hust ' s Birthday . —Democratic Supper . —The United Chartists' Sick and Burial Society have great pleasure in informing the democrats of OJdiiain , that a Public Supper , to commemorate the birthday of Henry Hunt , the champion of Universal Suffrage , will be holden on Thursday evening , November 6 th , at the Working Man ' s Hall .

      Horsedgestreet . Supper on the table at half-past eight o'clock precisely . Persons wishing to partake of the above , will please give in their names on or before Monday evening next , to the Committee . Mr . M'Gratii will lecture at Edinburgh , on Monday and Tuesday ; Leith , Wednesday ; and at Canipsie on Saturday . Bradford . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) , a meeting of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society will be held in the large room , Butterworth-buildings , at six o ' clock in the evening . A full meeting is requested , as business of importance will be brought forward . Derby . —Allmembers holding shares in the Derby District Chartist Co-operative Land Society , are requested to meet at Chester's Temperance-house , Osmaston-roatl , on Sunday evening next , at half-past six o ' clock .

      Motibam . —A meeting of the Chartists of this locality will be held on Sunday next , at two o ' clock , in the lecture reom opposite the Bull ' s-head . —Also , the monthly meeting of the Shareholders in the Cooperative Land Society will be holden , for the receipt of contributions , and the enrolment of persons desirous of taking up shares . Carlisle . —A public meeting of the Shareholders of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society will be held in their meeting room , 0 , John-street , Caldewgate , on Sunday afternoon next , at two o ' clock , when

      business of importance will be laid before them . —The Committee in this locality meet every Sunday afternoon , at two o ' clock , for the purpose of enrolling members and receiving subscrtptions . Bolton . ¦ — Hekry Hunt's Birthday . —A Tea Party will be held in the Chartist Association room , Mawdsley-street , in honour of Henry Hunt ' s birth-day , on Thursday evening , the 6 th inst . Tea on the table at eight o'clock . —Tickets may be had at the Association , on any evening from seven till nine o ' clock .

      RocnDALE . —A friend oi democracy will lecture on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock , in the Associaroom , Mill-street . —On Thursday , the 6 th inst ., there wUl be a Tea Party in the above room , to honour the birth of the immortal Henry Hunt . mxmm Newcastle-bpon-Tyne . —The Chartists of Newcastle and Gateshead will hold their monthly meeting in the house of Martin Jude , Sun Inn , Side on Sunday ( to-morrow ) . evening , at seven o'clock . —The members of this branch of the Land Society are requested to meet at the above place , on Monday evening next , at seven o ' clock , for the purpose of appointing auditors to audit the books , and to settle other matters . Brighton . —The democrats of this town and its vicinity are respectfully informed , that a Democratic Supper will beheld at the Cap of Liberty , Portlandstreet , on Tuesday evening next , at halfoast seven

      o ' clock , to commemorate the birthday of Mr .. Hunt , and the formation of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society . —Tickets Is . 6 d . each ; to be had of any of the Committee , or at the bar of the said house . —N . B . It is earnestly requested that all persons holding tickets will return'them on or before Monday the 3 rd inst ., and account for those that are sold , or their tickets will be refused . ....- ¦ . Tee Next General Meeting of Lancashire Miners ' will be held at the Bull ' s Head , Lamberthead-greeti , Pemborton . near Wigan , on Monday next , the 3 rd hurt , ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' cloek'ifl the fore ? , -, noon . —There will also be a public nieetihgoirltie . ' . same day and at the same place , whicfi wilTjb £ 43- '' , dressed by W . P . Roberts , Esq ., and several " pthep ' gentlemen . The leryfor the fortnight , »; inoluding L general contribution , ia la ,- id , per member . ! ' - ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ " ' - >¦' ¦ '

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      CHAMIST C 0-0 P . EMMyE . LAli ) % ^^^ Meetings for tlie purpose ' of enr 6 lling ' members : ' and transacting other , business ; connected therewith are held every week . on the following days and plaW ;^ : : swdat EVEKixo . v ' , VR ! '' '¦« ' South London Chartist Hall , 115 , BlackfriaVs-rbad , at hall-past six o ' clock . —City' Chartist Hall , 1 , Turn- ; again-laue , at six ' o ' clock . —Westminster ' : at the Pajr-- ' . thenium Club Rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s-lane ^ at ' half-i past seven .- — Somcrt Town : at Mr . Duddrege ' siBriot ' layers' ArmsiTonbridge-street , ^ New-road , rathalf-paat seven—Toiver Hamlets : at the'Whittihgton and 'Cat ,. Church-row , Bethnal-gr ' eehyat siii o ' clock - precis ' elyiS ' —Emmctt ' s Brigade : ' at the % 6 ck Tavern , ' X ^ ssonif grove , at eight o ' clockprecisely- ^ i / an / Mwi ' e' /' atl ¥ e ' Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-street , af half-past seven . . . ¦ -. . ¦ - ¦ . ; .. ;¦ . - ¦ : ¦ . ;• .::.. - ¦ ' •"'•*'¦' ' ¦* . ' . " -Y ^;;

      - -. JRil .-i .- . MOSBAY EVEM 1 HG . v .-i . v . v . -j . -i . . " ... Camlerwett ; , n . t the MontpelierTavern , Walworth , at eight o clb ' ckiprecisoly . ; .- " . v ¦ : . . ; .: ; -.: -a ' :, NewcasOe ^ mnr ^ ne : : This branch of the Chartist Co-operative iaiid Society- meet-in-the house of Martin Jude , ^ Sua Inn ,. Side ,: ^ erery . Monday evening , from seven until nine o'clock ^ for : the , purpose " -of ^ receiving ; subscriptidns . ^^ and ^^ enrolling ; members . ; Mr . M'jGrrath'hasbeettlecturing here , and has don « good service to the cause . 7 /¦ .-. ¦ ' .- ¦ ¦ . . ¦ ¦ •¦ "¦ i- > ( <' :

      TUESDAY . EVENING . :- ¦; .: - - ¦' Tower Hamlets .- ' at the ' Whittington and Cat , Church- RoYr . ' ^ etlihal-greenj' " at eight p ' clopk . — ewnWcA .-ia tth * George anft Dragon , Blackhe < ath ' hiH ^ ateJght o ' clock ; ; : v " ¦'' : '''¦ " ' ¦ .. ' . . ; I V ; i ; : < J ' " ' ! - . " WKDNpsDAT , iEyENlNO ' . . . ' ¦ . ¦ - : ;'• Jt / flrj / Je&wi 6 ; atthe'f airitera'Arms , Circas-street i' . at eight precisely ; " ' ' " . ,, . . »

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      Tfovzisix Lntellifimce«

      tfovzisix lntellifimce «

      V -I N" \ The -Landf

      v -i " \ THE -LANDf

      Craves* Wbementsj,

      Craves * WbementsJ ,

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      TO DANIEL O'CONNELL , M . P . ; Sib , —The great object of your life has been to persuade the Irish people that from domestic government alone can they expect justice or protection . Hitherto your speeches have but gone-to point oat the injustice of England towards the Irish . You have abounded in theory and speculation , while at all times you have ' attached paramount importance to what you call practicability . When you failed to find assailable paints in your opponents or friendsfor sometimes you make but little distinction between them—the charge of impracticability has come extensively to your aid . Now , sir , you have a glorious

      opportunity of squaring your practice with your theory . . You have at your command a well-organised association , who , in works of acknowledged right , must obey you without a murmur , however you may dread their revolt as mercenaries for general service . Yon have before you millions o £ your countrymen wrung to the heart and tortured by the anticipation of starvation ; ihconseqLuenceof thefidlure of their only food , while in the samejournaJswhich daily , and weekly notice the increase of this national malady , we find a day , appointed for gathering tributefrom their poor resources . Icannqt for a moment believe it possible"that ' you " will ^^ abstract a ; xbitefromithe slender , means up' 6 n . which their . veryteristence must

      depend ., " Such being , my ; opinion , sir , I would respectfully submit the following course for your consideration . Allow the tribute to go on , announcing that it shall be devoted to a sustenance fund for the next ten months—the shortest period that can be assigned to the famine . Say it reaches £ 20 , 000 , and that your association , after its vast receipts , has £ 20 , 000 more in its exchequer ; proclaim to the world that the weekly receipts for the same period ( ten months ) , shall be applied to the same purpose . You may then fairly estimate it at £ 1000 per week , and truly call it Conciliation Hall , as men of all classes and all countries would cheerfully contribute their mite .

      These amounts would place at your disposal a sum of £ 80 , 000 . Dissolve your association , except for the purposes that I have mentioned , until famine ceases . Let its members , who have lived sumptuously upon Irish bounty , relinquish all emolument for ten months . Let them go into the most distressed districts , inquire , with the aid of the Catholic and Protestant clergymen , for those most requiring aid , and mete it out at the rate of say two shillings a week to each

      family . This , with what they can earn , will enable them to live during the famine , and , what is equally important , will enable them to lay by a Jittle for the purchase of seed potatoes for next year . A family requiring this aid for the whole period of forty weeks would receive £ i ; and thus the £ 80 , 000 would give relief to 20 , 000 families , which , allowing five to a family , would embrace 100 , 000 Irishmen , women , and children , and this for the whole period ..

      If you do this , sir ; if you thus appropriate the funds that have come from the people to the support and the preservation of their lives , you may proudly stand on the Rath of Mullaghmast , the Hill of Tara , or the platform of Conciliation Hall , and expatiate upon the difference between domestic and foreign rule . You will then have placed the English Government , should they refuse to do their part ( which I much doubt ) , in an unenviable and damaging contrast ; and rest assured that the adoption of this course will go farther than all your writings , your

      speeches , your meetings , your dinners , and denunciations , to convince the Irish people of the value of domestic government ; while , upon the other hand , should you fare sumptuously from the poor parings scraped from the slender platters of a starving people , it will stand throughout all time as a blot upon the fairest character that the most partial historian can paint you in . I am , sir , Your obedient servant , Feahods O'Connor .

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      YOL YIII i $ O 416 LONDON SATTnRTYAY NnVTiitfRPVfi 1 1 * W pbme bivwewb «

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      ^^^^ r . - v" ;; ; vvso ; i ciirr _ , ^«~ .- ~™~ r ANT ) NATTONAT TRA 4 W ! s ^ - " THniRMAT l '

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 1, 1845, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1339/page/1/