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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th June 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • %fiTffB FUSTIAN' JACKETS, THE BUS ^ERED HANDS3ND UN SHORN OHINS.
    • Impm'ai $ariuimeuw
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      -W « Bt bear FaffisDs , —You will recollectthat ff len explainiug tbe meaniDg of several words to i while I was ia YorkGastle—words whichbad a t 8 iy donUful signification—that I explained the word patnottomean one who lives usefulJy for man . and dies ajja nper . In fact , I cannot believe in the possibility 0 a feeling man becoming a rich man . I only know tiist , as far as I am concerned , that the more means Ih aveliad , the greater have been my LIABILITIES . In my time there have been six persons only in the

      British empire who could lay claim to the term DEMAGOGUE . They were , Henry Ilnnt , William CobbeLt , Richard Cobden . Englishmen ; Ihniel O'C-onnell . John Lawless and Feargus O'Connor , Irish men . ThoscTsixhave been respectively the acknowledged leaders of a great Eattonal party . Hunt lired usefully , and died a pauper ; so with Cobbett , and so with poor John Lawless . Cobden lires ; and as I am not now canvassing the merits of Ms principles , I may say that for ' his party he has lived usefully ; sad , if report speaks true , he lias at all events tested his sincerity bv bein ^ one of a favoured class" who

      has become poor in the midst of great opportunities and aroarimj trade . 0 ! Connell , if he died to-morrow , Troald have left the world much better than he found it , while I believe Lis residuary" legatee would derive but little benefit from his position . I wist you to keep these facts in view , that the man who 'buee enters the field of agitation extensively , loses all relish for commercial business , professional business , and all speculation , save that of aggrandising his party . Every one of those , with the exception Of mvself , have received compensation

      —some to an enormous amount ; and tfle League are iow aWut to offer to Richard Cobden about a shit lingyin the pound of what he ' might ; have had if he -iad aerated to his own business the time and energy _ that . he has devoted to theirs . A There is no truer adage than * " that the master's ; eye makes the horse iat ; " 'Tbave always had great delicacy in . the care and administration of the funds of the working classes . Keglect of their proper use by those entrusted with their management has done your cause more injury than all other circumstances put together .

      - Having said so much , upon a subject that you never thought of , I ndk turn to another branch There are men who consider themselves entitled to make merchandise of a little bit of martyrdom Men who commence as paupers , and , not satisfied to return to labaur , they are equally dissatisfied with thftsiaw process of improvement , otherwise than by one Jump in ' o idleness and dignity . There is not one of this class who has not vainly hoped to lay a train in the first instance for destroying my character , and then stepping into the leadership of your cause . The last of this class who has made the vain attempt , is ilr . Thomas Cooper . Not only

      while he was in prison , bnt before he went to prison , and since lie came from prison , has he been doing his utmost to injure me and your cause ; but in his attempt to defend himself in his letter published in Lloyd ' s Newspaper of last week , he ha 3 shown himself to he the most unblushing and unscrupulous creatnre npon the face of the earth . He has , however , foolishly grappled with an instrument of which he did not know the value ; he has run against a rock of which lie did not know the strength ; and bis pigmy influence , daring aspirations , and fervent hope , have all crumbled beneath the weight of an impregnable character .

      This would-be leader , after having indulged m continuous and now admitted slander , appears to have forgotten that I gave him not the slightest provocation , and that everyone of his guesses have been based upon what his own situation would have been had he been placed in my position . I am not astonished thai dishonest men should consider the possession of a large amount of national fnnds a primafacie , nay , a certain ground of accusation . So It was frith Mr .- Cooper : he made unlucky gnesses , and without a line from me he has sealed his 6 WB condemnation . I shall-now take up the thread of

      my narrative , where I left off last week . The moment that Mr . Clark had- communicated ilr . Cooper ' s charge to me , I instantly requested that Messrs . Cufiay and Knight , " " attended by Mr . "Wheeler and Clark , should attend at my house at six o ' clock < Hartbe following evening , to examine my aeconnts and the banker ' s book , not to take anything npon * mj ; showing , bnt , as public servants themselves , that they should see in detail the whole property of the Association Intrusted to" my care , with vouchers or money for every farthing , but no column

      for any very expensive sundries , and it was only because it was indispensable that Mr . Wheeler should accompany me to OUR NEW ESTATE by the sis o'clock train m onfar to be back Jn time to announce taefact in lastweek ' s Star , that the project was given up till the present week ; and , indeed , it was fortunate that some cirenmstaace should have arisen to postpone It , as last week I eonld only have guessed at the amount of ^ money paid on account of buildings and other things at Herringsgate ; whereas this vreek I have brought It to the farthing from the -foreman's boaks and attested by him , by M'Grath

      and Doyle . On Monday Messrs . M'Grath and Doyle returned tffHerringsgate , at half-past ten o'clock , and found me , as is my custo-n , attending to my work . The moment that they told me of Mr . Cooper's epistle and his challenge to meet me in public , I despatched Mr . M'Grath for a gig to Riekmansworth , and precisely in one hour from that time I had transformed

      myself from bailiff into a fine gentleman , and in Company -with Doyle had proceeded two mVies on my way under a broiling sun to meet the conveyance , but , to my great disappointment , we met M'Grath on foot , with the intelligence that the train I proposed going by did not atop at Watford , and that 1 conld cot reach the Leicester meeting until past ten o ' clock . Hence , npon the spur of the moment , I Showed no disinclination to meet this foolish man

      opon the very first opportunity . I was very much disappointed at first , bnt a very little reflection con-Tinced me that I should have committed a sad error , however 1 might have triumphed over him . I should iiave committed the error of meeting assertion by assertion , as it would have been impossible to have procured the accounts upon which alone any tribunal should judge . It is much easier to accuse than to defend , and no man should undertake to meet an accusation until he is perfectly prepared to do so , and in the fullest , must simple and most satisfactory manuer . A little reflection taugbi me that the Auditor . - ; appointed by toeTepresentatives of the Shareholders tras the

      tribunal through which I should reply . Many people are aogry with me for giving Mr . Cooper so much Satis faction . I beg to tell them that they are mistaken—that no man ever stands in so high and derated a position as when he can show that in the midst of most tempting and trying circumstances he has su rrendered convenience and comfort , not only to character and honour , but even to scrupulous nicety abuut the People ' s pence . What do I care if the world knows that I am poor , while I am enriching others ? "Why conceal it , when I know that if I had a million of money to-day , aye , or ten millions , that I should die a pauper if I didtt ' c die soon , as it would every farthing go after the rest , as another COURSE E * l-VBOTJR'S HOUSE .

      The Star of this week will convey to Mr . Cooper the national opinion . To those who have confidence iu me I shall only say that I never will betray it , while to those who express such a warmth of affectionate feeling my answer is , that I would not diminish it by a particle for untold gold . But yet , I Tiave not done-with Mr . Cooper . If fie attacked my consistency , challenged my discretion , or doubted jay judgment , Icouldhavc laughed at the i-r ' i lie's . selfconceit ; but he has dared to assail ihe fortress , he JlaS rashly ventured to grapple with n-y honour—I have defended it , and now I'll carry the war into ray enemy ' s camp . I charge him , not upon my mere assertion , but upon his own fooiir-h . avowal , with treachery , hypocrisy and deceit ; with fraud , false-

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      hood and villainy . I will convict him from his own lips . He says thatl was afraid to give him the ^ rlvilege of replying to my letter in the Stoic . Surely he has not taken less latitude in his friend Carpenter ' s columns , and that I give at full length .. Here it is : — .

      TO THP LONDON CHARTISTS . Mr Brothers ,. —I have merely time , in reply to Feargus O'Connor ' s mad letter in theiVVtt « n » Star , to make the following brief observations : — 1 . It is now ' - established , on Jiis own confession , that O'Connor lias purchased the Herringsfa'ate estate , in his men name , with the people ' s money . 2 . He is not a legal officer ( no deputy-treasurer hcin ? named in the rules ) ; and where , then , is his responsibility t The lanaSoclety is nol enrollcu : the trustees are a mockery—having never entered on office . 3 . I neither believe his affirmation that heis not " over head ana ears in debt , " nor doubt that he las used , and still uses the money paid by the shareholders in the Land Pano , to keep up the Slav . I dare him to the proof : am ) he waihavetoineetme for examination of this arid other questions , sooner or later . ; , - -

      " 4 . OfGorinor utters a complete falsehood when he says lie . was liaiHe' for the expenses of puhlishingray poem . 3 fr . ll'Gatran had my liability in writing ; ' Iliare a copy of it , and will show it , with Mr . M'Gowaa ' s handwriting contained in it , to all wiio wish to see it . 5 .. Notorie farthing is owing to . O'Connor on the account of my "Purgato-y . " The hill which he Ijingly states to be £ 30 , and still owing ,, was £ 1-5 for paper , and about £ 9 for advertisements . It has been aU paid . ¦ : GrWithon&spenuing time to contradict his ravings that wiU only be laughed at , I will just state what was the real amount of O'Connor ' s patronage , fle promised to leewae liable for the publication of mj book . but never did ; and directed 5 Ir . M'Gowan , the printer of it , to ask

      me for my written liability . He promised to take 200 copies of my " Purgatory , " aud then , according to his old fishion , said ? , « he never said so—lie only said 100 . " When I pressed him to give the order , he said , "Nosend 40 . " The forty were sent , were kept several weeks , and thtn sent back to my publisher , with , the remark that "Mr . O'Connor would have them bound anothe : way , and would send the order auother time . " llv pul ) . lisher waited for the order , and declared his anxiety to receive it , that he might deduct the value of the books from the bill for paper , &c , and settle the bill . It was

      still deUj-ed . 2 Tr . H'Gon-an ' = last answer from 0 Connor , when asking Mm to renew the order for the books , w ; s , " No ; I shall not take one . What the devil am I to do with them ? You may take ' emif you like ! ;> So much for O'Connor's patronage . ' so much for his truth ! I never asked him to become liable for my book ; it was his own offer . I never asked him to purchase one copy . The boasts about two hundred , one hundred , and forty , were the fruits of his deceit : he never intended to purchase one copy . But he demanded a present of , a copy , in addition to the one sent to the Star , and Tiad it .

      " 7 . 1 now warn London Chartists to put no more trust in this trickster ; to do all they can to get the title-deeds of the Herriugfgate estate out of hi- > hands ; and to take care that he does not purchase the nest estate in Ms own name with the people ' s money . I warn them to act without fear of his dictation , and in defiance of his fihby Star . I shall do so in spite of his threats—shall remain in the association , and meet him wherever he dares to

      me . 8 . 1 proceed on a tour to collect funds for poor Frost on Monday . In the country I shall speak njy mind to working men , aud dare O'Connor to meet me anywhereeven in the Carpenters'Hall , at Manchester , if he likessince he esteems that his stronghold , and I am almost ; i stranger there . Or , if he prefers it , I will meet him publicly in London when I return . 9 . Why doeshe not call the Leeds Convention together ? He knows he has broken tbe rules by delaying it beyond the 20 th of April . I dare him to call jt . -

      10 . O'Connor ' ijusKce impels me to address you by this moSe . You will observe that he expressly refuses to admit any refutation from me , in the Star . Why 1 Jiecause * e knoiri he is guiUy . Yours faithfally Tiiohas Cooper , the Ouabtist . 13 * , Blackfriars-road , June 13 , 1816 . P . S . —let me direct the attention of the Laud Share holders to the 7 th rule , whereby Vie trustee * are removable yearly , and then ' ask them i ^ LetL , ! ' tllaj 1 £ 9 n fOf < 1 moment suppose that O ' Connor erer intended the trustees to hold an estate for the shareholders . He knew that tbe society would never think of renewing trust deeds 3 early ; and , therefere , must have purposed that the land should be purchased in his name , only , from the first . I Lave caught him in his slyness at the ontser , and hence his alarm at the discovery , and rage under exposure' T . C .

      1 . ' It is now established on his own confession that O'Connor has purchases ! the lien-ingsgate Estate in his own name with the people ' s money . " Foolish raa'n ! Must it not be purchased in some one ' s name ? You are really as wiseastbeman of " the Sheffield Times . " You marvel that any one should do any thing . "Was it ever denied ? And is there a name in England that has a greater charm for labour ' s ear ? And is there an estate in the whole worid better secured for the right-owners ?

      2 . Booby . —He was appointed deputy treasurer by the unanimous vote of the Conference . He was also { appointed Treasurer of tbe expense fund , which he has invariably placed to the general account of the society instead of keeping it as ; ja separate item . Must not some one be deputy * treasurer , and who more fit ? The society could not be enrolled . Ever ; thing that could be done \ an been done under the o ' . d law . and the directors are NOW ENGAGED IN HAVING IT ENROLLED nn-ler the new law

      The trustees could not act until the society was enrolled , utiiess appointed by the shareholders by deed like a joint stock company , which every shareholder should sign , and which should be in all parts of England , Scotland , Wale ? , and Ireland at one and the same time , and which would cost more than the society is worth . 3 . Blackguard . —Who care 3 what you believe ? You'll see the proof at fiiot of this letter . Proof that your maiice cannot ; shake , proof that your malice cannot weaken .

      The remaining portion of your letter refers to personal transactions , and if ever convicted culprit blushed when his guilt was made manifest beyond a shadow of doubt , and if you have a blush left , blush when you read Mr . M'Gowan ' s version of your poor , your mean , your pitiful , attempt to increase my liabilities . Ay , you nasty dirty fellow . Why not at least preserve the show , if you bad not the semblance , of truth . Now what will your new disciples say when they find

      thatl was LIABLE for the printing of your poem and that if I bad not made myself liable , it would never have been printed ; and how could you be so very foolish while you were denying my liability , as to assert that yon bad discharged your account ? But now to the damning spot . . Now to that which brands you for ever as an irreclaimable liar . Tou say " no one single farthing is owing to O'Connor on the account of ray Purgatory . The bill , which he lyingly states to be £ 30 ., and still owing , was £ 15 . for paper and about £ 9 . for advertisements . IT HAS ALL

      BEEN PAID . " Now , mark the simple reasoning upon this pitifu ] evasion . On Wednesday night and Thursday morning , I wrote a letter in which I state that yon owe me the money . At four o ' clock on Friday morning the Star is printed in Londun ; before three o'clock upon the same day , nearly 1500 copies are delivered to the London Agents . At six o ' clock on the same , evening you come to tbe printing office , yuu ask Mr . M'Gowan THEN to take a bill upon his own responsibility for what you owe me ; Mr . M'Gowan takes the bill upon condition that 1 shall approve of it , you assert to Mr . M'Gowan that jv » had not

      then seen the Star , while you had got it aj Mr . CJeave ' j Shoe-Jane , TWO HOURS BEFORE YOU CAME DOWN WITH THE BILL , and thus , by an EX POST FACTO ACT , you seek to make me guiity of falsehood , by telling no ' , only a lie , but a mean dastardly lie . Sow , you moral man , you stickler for leader's uprightness and purity , is not t ! nsa le al and a moral fraud ? And now will you say that you don ' t owe me a farthing ? when I tell you that I have neither re . cuJved nor seen your bill . Can you read the abwwithout blushing ? and will the people read it without trying shame upon the scoundrel ? Hun ? , a word as to niv fflioksalo LIABILITY of

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      disposing of your work . > , I suppose you have reail King Lear . I know you have played Hamlet ,, and I'd advise you to come out as Sir Giles Overreach , in the 'New way to , pay old debts / When Lear bad disposed of his property , his daughters do not see tSe necessity for a retinue of vserranis , and byi-degrcea dwindle the old mart ' s attendants down to " one , and finally notking . ' So / with ; your books . I was to take 200 , but what needs 200 , sorely 100 will do ? or , what needs a hundred , why ; net forty ? . or-why needs

      forty , surely one will suffice for all reasonaWe purposes , Now , just think of a gentleman undertAking to publish 200 of an edition , of 500 books . 23 ut what ' s the fact . I said that I could sell forty amongst my own friend ^ and before I had got a single one ( IfleyercoMuterniatided them ) I was told that the whole edition was sold to Air . How / and the one which you say , ; I insisted , upon having I NEVER ' ASKED FOR ^ andnevei 1 saw until you told me that a second edition > vasabout being published . i

      : It would not . be . wonderful if I was , indeed-, afraid * "to meet you , "inasmuch as an unscrupulous liar is the most-dangerous opponent for themomonti ; wbile you ha , yebee . H .. so unskilful in the , fabrioation and larrangeraentof your faots , that , henceforth , there will be no danger in ' four assaults . You IiaVe long laboured in a d | sgraceful vocation . Yon \ jnM > tried to worm yourself into new society , and havo vainly hoped to destroy the character of him who was sure to expose your delinquency . You ha < l projected the establishment or the management of a new paper , and saw in the Star an obstacle to your wayward course . You make a parade of your

      philanthropy and essay to announce the cowing of youy prodigy , while you hoped to quarter ^ yourself upon sympathy for Fr 03 t , for the payment of your expences . That Frost , whose hope of return to his native country you have deferred beyond any other man , by interrupting oar meetings with your jargon about non-resistance , and thereby preserving an apparent distinction between moral and physical force Chartists , while all should have been harmony and unity . You have coquetted with all parties ; you are too vulgar for some , too impetuous for others , and too false for all . I have now done with you , you have sealed your doom . You acknowledge to have eharged me with high offences withsiit the shadow of proof , or even believing in them yourself .

      You hope-I to have used the cloak of secrecy until your work of destruction had been accomplished , but in an unlucky moment you disclosed your conspiracy to one who had no interest in the destruction of my character . What possible motive could you have had in selecting one who has befriended you vrhen all others had refused to stretch out a helping hand as the victim of your ostentatious ambition ? Can you show one single motive , and henceforth , when in that obscurity to which you have now consigned yourself , yea reflect , altraj shear ia m ' md that you , not I , have been the aggressor . That I was the patron , not the assassin . That I was the friend , the avowed friend , THE BELOVED O'CONNOR , and you were the concealed foe .

      Your new associates have led you into a labvyinth of error . They hoped to make you serve their purpose , and they ¦ will be the first to laugh at your credulity . Before we part , and for ever , read the following account of the subterfuge by which you sought to discharge your obligations to your patron . / Great Windmill Street , London . SlB , —In replj tO your letter , which I have just received , and Which contains these two questions—1 . " Whether you were liable forthe expenses incurred in the publication of Mr . Cooper ' s " Purgatory of the Sui eides ? " and . » 2 . " How it happened that . 1 had not canimrinicatea to . you the fact "' oTHr !' ' Cbo ' per « havjtaj : paid thcaccount for paper aud advertisements in connection with that publi . cation "—Intake the following brief statement : —

      1 . Itcannot be too distinctly understood that you were liable for the expenses incurred in the publication of Mi-. Cooper ' s " Purgatory of the Suicides . " YOU gave me your guarantee to pay for the printing ; you did pay for the paper ; and , in case of need , our house would have looked to you , and none but you , for payment of our bill . The fiact most certainly is , that you , and you alone , were liable for tbe expenses . 2 . Mr . Cooper paid the amount of the account for paper and advertisements to me on the evening of Friday the 14 th instant , the d < iy on which the "Star" containing your letter relative to him was published . I could not harecommun' walei the circumstance to you sooner , because you had left town , for Herringsgate , before Mr . Cooper called .

      The amount he paid was £ 26 15 s . 5 d . — £ 26 5 s . Od . of which was in a hill , drawn upon his publisher at three montt . 6 ' date ( the taking of which , a » a settlement , is subject to your approval ) , and 10 s . 3 d . was paid in cash . He handed me the bill on Friday evening , and the cash on Saturday morning . Tours obediently , D . II'Gowan . Now , sir , you may look for a new place , and seek a new master , take this your character with you ; to conceal it will be impossible . Feahg « 3 O'Connor .

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      . TO THE CHARTISTS OF THE EMPIRE . Friends , To those who know . us , we need not assert that we are incapable of being made use of for mere party purposes , but , having ha . d to wait upon Mr . Feargus O'Connor , for the purpose of inspecting the Banker ' s book and other to'iehers in his r-osseasion ,

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      • l | elonging to the . 'Land Society , ( having previously audited the Directors' balance sheet ) wo ,, in conformity witijthe wish of . 'that gentleman , proceeded to an investigation of his accounts as Treasurer to the General Defence Fund , including the trial of the ; V $ (| sli martyrs , Lancaster trials ; and the trial of Messrs .- G , White and T . Cooper / from which we fff jtin ^ ii ^ j ' Bgfead of being , as cxrtaix- , oektx , emeji ikff ^^ a , wlaapering , indebted to thatfund , there iS ' " « iie ''; t 6 hinv a considerable sum , a ; great part of which has been recurred thrthigh the ' , '' madness " of his maliffriers . ' '; [ - ' ^ - : _ ' - '\ : \

      ; ? : We ; iave ; felt itrto be ouiyduty to make this annouueementasfa " . repfy to the calumnies of men , who profess Chartism for . the "; sole purpose of creating mischiefiis our ranks , ' : ; '; ' ' l : ' ^ " 'Weare trbther Chartists , : " ; ; ^^;; ' ^ : i ; v ^ 8 r 3 fait hfully , ? - .. ? v » 'Vt ¦ . ' ... ¦¦ ' . ¦( 4- - " . ' : ' i-. ' . ¦ ' ' James Knight , ¦ . • - ' : ' ¦• ¦ .: »' ¦¦ }¦'¦ ' ¦ : ' : '¦ ¦ ¦ '' :. ' .. ; WlHilAJt CcPPAT . ,

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      power on earth , shall drive me out ot a course at the end of which I see social comfort , - physical comfort , aad political emancipation . I shall soon bavesomany faniiHesofmy own children to visit , that my whole time will be delightfully occupied . I assure you thai every moment appears an hour tome , while I am sway from your paradise . I bfteh ' TOrideiy and so must you . that the real humbugs' who buy estates and sell them , and who promise t& build homes for working classes , and to give freeholds , are never called to account , and never

      become atfects of slander . ' But 30 it is , and so jt most be . Whoever serves you is save to meet with the- malignity of bad tnenV while whoever imposes upon you is sure : to be sympathised with as a sufferer . We bare now gone on so lor . g together , that though j-ou sometimes scold me youjselves , you will aot allow o'Jhers to taistbat liberty "} we are as man and wife , " and woo to tke fool who teies to separate us . He will came in for slie blows of both . ,. i ' -. . : ' -, I regain yornvfatthfulfnend ami uailiff , [ -. ' ¦<¦ .. ¦ ,, Feaiuhjs O'Conbor .

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      : TO THE IMPEKML . CnAR ; iT 3 TS . V . \ 'Mr JDkau FhiEnds , —I have been resily . so perplexsd and occupied this only day in . flic week that I have to devote toe to Mriice ^^ idri ^^ Iiousi ^ ior the first time in my' H&i elsim rouriridsr / gence . The fact Is , that writing ' my two letters has taueu up some time , while- most of tha'day has been occupied in counting Post-office orders ,-bank ordora ; and such a complexity of accounts as wauld have pulled any man that was not particular upon these matters . I can keep accounts as well as any raan living ; Bat the poring over them for three or fear hours unfits me for the more spirited ' occupation' of editor . J ' ask your indulgence , and'tk ' now you'will grant it ..

      I will make amends next weeks by a-few slashers at all around me . I have great pleasure in- publishing the following short but highly- gratifying- letter for you . Those are the communications that keep up mylspirits and spur me on to action . Biifc'don't mistake me ; I never was in better- - spivits ov better health in my , life , or more ready ; able , and ' willing to meet the foe , ; when the approaching struggle comes —which , believe me , is near at hand ; and I am anxious , to get my farming labours as forward as possible , before I once more buckle on < the armour of political agitation . Oh ! if you could but see what we are all doing , you would say that we deserve something better than slander ' and reviling—but we will live it down .

      Your faithful mend and servant ,. FjJAROUS O'CONSOR , . P . S . —You may be sure that the Star shall never again be occupied with one single line about the departed Mr , Cooper . This man has hampered me and tried to destroy the Land movement for severaJ months . Nothing was right that ho didn't do himself ; and he was the mischief-maker who had set the City Locality by the eara . , F . O . C . Sunday , June 14 th , 184 G .

      Dear Sir , —I brought my family twenty miles to see the estate , and T am happy to say that it has amply vopaid my journey . You , sir , have set a great pattern for the brawlers of our over-taxed country . I don ' t wonder at the money-grubbers envying your fame , for F feel satisfied if the working classes will support your undertaking it Will work the regeneration of mankind . With every wish for your success , I remain , Yours , dsc ,. OMBroropton-road . W . Gbover .

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      TO the MEMBERS OP THE CHARTIST . CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Friends , —You will have already learned from Mr . O'Connor's brief notice In the Northern Stay of Saturday last , that we have made a second purchase , consisting of one hundred and thirty acres of excellent land , situate about a mile and a quarter from the Busby station , about two miles from Watford , and thirteen miles from London , on the routi ; from the metropolis to Birmingham . This announcement we know has given you all infinite

      satisfaction and delight , but , gratifying as the intel . ligence must be to those who arc situated at a distance from the favoured spot , all who are acquainted with the locality are perfectly enchanted at the idea of our success in getting possession of . an estate so eminently suited to our purposes . We announced on % former occasion that the ballot for the second purchase would take place on the first Monday in July , but , as the estate at Bushy will not be formal !? delivered into our possession until Miohalmas next , and in order to give all an opportunity to pay up their Bharos , we now finally declare that the

      BALLOT FOR LOCATION on Carpender ' s farm will take place on Monday , July 21 . It commences at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon , in Carpenters' Hull , Garratt Road , Manchester , when all will he entitled to draw itho may have paid up their shares , including all levies , LOCAL and GENERAL , on or before Mooday , July 20 . THOMAS MARTIN WHEELER , Secretary .

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      HOUSE OP LORDS , Thuusday , June 11 . CO REIMPORTATION BILL . An animated conversation arose out of She presentation , by Viscount Combbrmere , of a petition from Cheshire against the Corn Bill . The Marquis of Londonderry changed the Dubs of Richmond with iudtilyinifin very spi « y speeches . The Marojiis of . Sawsburv chai-gi- 'di Lewd Londonderry with Suing the means of senuiag Mr . Bright into Parliament for Durham . TheDuke-of Richmond , in answes- to Lord liondonderry , said , he did not sib in , their Lordships '

      Llouse te > bandy compliments , lie had long served under t } ie banners- ot' Protection , and he always should- do so . lie had not obasged his opinions , thoualiv others had . With respect t . s the opinions of the Nwble Marquis ( Londonderry ) he believed that that noble piivson had given one hundred guineas to the Durham . Protection Society . He thought the noWomar < lilis maid do right to adhere t © the priacijjjes of that society . ' The Marquis of Londoxdebky , amiM the load laughter , of the house , admitted thathehadj > rc&eisted S ' ne Durham Protection Society with one hundred guino ? . s ; but that was a long time siace—two years

      ago . On the motion , made by the Earl of Ripox ,. to go . into committee on the Corn Importation Bill , Earl Stanuofk moved , as an amendment , that their lorclshipssliould gointocommittc ^ tlmtdaysEimonih ^ The noblo earl at great length and with great ability ,, controverted all the arguments adduced , and exposed all the fallacies put forth as reasons for this measure-. Never , he said , bad so important a chaaee been proposed to Parliament , supported by a string of such miserable arguments , and based on Sfteh fallacious assertions . In the amendment to tbe address moved in 1841 by Lord Ripon , and carrtvd by their Lordships , it was laid down as n maxim that in order to carry great and vital measures H was neet-ssary the

      Government that proposed them should possess * the I confidence of the country . But . what man . except perhaps Lord Brougham , had tb » slightest « unBd » t > ee in Sir R . Peel ? It ' the principle of Protection- was , as the Premier asserted , unjust and injurious , ; w »» had he not proposed to abolish it atonveaud alrosethcr , not merely in corn , but in © very spwins of manufacture ? The agriculturists should have f «! l ami fair protection , or protection sliould betaken n «» y i-qnally from all native industry . It' by this meaviire I he | iri ( 'O of corn would he reduced even . 0 s . a quarter , it would cause a loss to the English grower * , mi wlu < at jlimt 1 , of upwards ot't ' aw millions HtrrYajg ^ -. TJ [> t-. N (> lde ] £ s » rl ilrew their Lordships' attention tii ' tiie value ami importance of an agricultural population as the foundation of the national strength and dependence , mA

      Untitled Article

      A ™ h ^ n ^ mightpbringr ^ i n- Hpon- ^ imoriBrespecrany those who had no dllier , resource ' . but' their , Mustrj ; and yet those who 'introduced it lad' nbt ' evW < fonued to -themselves-any- ; definite ideas ^ up'ii ^ v 6 . of the most ; iiuportant ;; elements bi ^ the ^ c | ii&tion-. ^ T 7 what " -was-i > remunerating npirice- to the fintish . growerr secomHyv- the prouaWe ; spriee of toreipcorn .,. After exposing the fallacyiurking i ? i ^ . ? Jse ot a "Jar « e io » f" held out "by the f , ^ * tes , ° fameasuretho avowed object of , which , t m . r ? r *?•<*> " # * the labourer , and insistu-m . jS- i ' avy . tosses which this expenmenS « ouid infliBt upon the owners and occupiers of land , Lord btanhope showed that rent was i , o element in the question , for j * all rent were abolished , the price l ^ " - ^ " ! 1 oaf would not be dimim ' slieS Id

      . . 1 he argument of tlJe Prime Minister , that , because we had a largo amount of debt and a hij . ii taxation : commodities should be cheap , was irrational , absurd ? and contradicted by , the experience ot alK af , ' , which showed . that where wages , and . pfoRts , and prices ¦ were Iot ? , the njpstiioppressive and-despotic monarch could nui raise a large . aniountotVfcixation . His Lordship contended ; that the tenant-farMiers , whom he vindicated from' the imputation oi deficiency of skill , would be vnaole ; tO " Contmni : - ' ; i i * pW their farms if thiV WJ 1 psssed , ami' irinkt -be'diiveVi into destitution and despaa *; and lie reminded their Lordships of the popular commotions of - ; 183 ff aiio * 1842 . If this measure were really ineTi-tableJ'it-h ' ad " Become so from the base , sordid ' , and . posillanihibus- conduct of" tliose , wjjp . J > ad supportsd . a . measure . whiehiin their eonbeiuneo : they couderiiMd . t . ahtf the effect , of this

      unwise concession would be- to . reiicfsrtue confln't oe * iweeu .. the , agncaitHrists -and -the raamitacturers fiercer than ever , for to talk of this bting-the < end of agitation was absurd ; it ' . wa $ the . _ coinmenceim < nt of a kn « . train o ' f « sfilsl It had been saBgasted-fhat iheirXordsliipsniusii pass this bill , because i ); had been .-proposed byxhe ' Ministers ,. " and agreed . to by the . Hoase of Comhjons . " Such an unconstitutional doctrine liad never bafore been proclaimed : ill that hbiisel . iritAvei' ^ U'u ^' tlio'indevendenca bi ;^!^' house was at an end ; : its legitimate functions ' .-we ' re "

      usplesSi nay , injurious ? and there" wpuM :. 'b ; o'i « geh ' eral cry throughout the ' coariiry for'ita iljolltioh ; It 1 was the duty of their Lordships to rej 3 ct t { list 4 ) ill : i £ : they . whhudl | to " pvesei've' ihen-lpblitiaal' exislebcej : unless-they desired to disma-nibcr the Bnugli empire , ¦ disorgamw ^ he-wh ' ole cran ^ i ' and- surVbWdcTlll ^ ; institutions to immediatedfeatru ' ctioiir W " ^ -- ' : ' *' r ^^ Tlie ^ orlior llADSOR si ^ p ^ edllff bSl ^ u ^ ei potted , at considerable leog ^' iU the usual 1 / eague s 3 atemerit 3 /) nd- ttrirunifiits iaiifcyoiir of Frsc Trade . LwdLyiTjEiTow and Lord IteffiEbs-followed ' - "dn-the same side . - ¦ - . '¦/ . .. ; ¦ • • ¦ . ¦ :

      'Be Earl of Wicsiowand Ufa Duke of B ^ skikc- ; ham' oppoised the bill . . ' ' On' the motion of the Marquis 1 of Exeter tie debate was adjourned .- ¦ ¦ :. - ; ... i Duriag a- portioii- ' of the , ' sftitinj ^ Ibrahim ' Paelia , with Inn interpreter and suite , occupied- ' the sulc gallery on flhe left of the throne . Ms Highness ' paid deep attention to the debate , and repeatedly astfed of lis interpreter explanations-of- thcibrih ' s ' of proceedings . Tiie-cheers and cries of "Ife 3 r iie . ar , " seemed to amuse him particularly . ' ;

      ' HOUSE OF' COMMONS—Ti « fnfi-WKr ; Jct . veII . LANDLORDS-AND TENANTS' ( 1 BIS 1 I ) BILLS . _ S ? I'lsoosj-moved for leave- to bptng in three Bute— -ono to provide ¦ compensation- to > tenants of landin Ireland for improvements matlc ^ in them ; a second to amen * the law in respect to the power of ejeetnient and distress in Ireland ; : asd a third to prorate for a short form of lease of . kn $ > and tenements in' Ireland ' : The noble lord-stated the principal provisions of these measures , which'he'said were mainly founded on the report of Lord JDevou's commission . Mr . S-. Orawforb , Mr . Jon . v O'Coxxeis , Mr . B . OsB 0 JU \ B ,. and Miv-VVtsbj expressed their ai > nivivoi c . t blicao Dills >( H ntr as tney went . Leave was given to bring them in . HOUSE OF LOBDS : —Pbidatv Jbs » 12 .

      Tlie adjourned debate on the motion to > go inta committee on the Corn Importation Bill Mul ^ hoEarl Stanhope ' s amendment thereto , was resumri by the Marquis of Exeter , who promised the measure his undeviating opposition . Their Lordships had passed the second reading , not in consequence of any sti'ong manifest ;! tiea = in Jfca favonr ,- but solely through'the \\\" fiuence of the Duke oF Wellington . The . Earl Dleawaub / ikewise oppoped thebiH . The Bishop of St . D-Wo ' s-supported the Bill . The clergy , he said : had'studiously avoided petiSionin ?

      Parliament on this- question , or expressing . their npiniom , privately or pui >} iclr ,. uponit ; . andttherefore it would" be . most injudicious- for the Right Reverend Beach to make ihe clergy , responsible for the rejection of . the measure , on the idea that it would injuriously-affect llicir incomes , lie admitted that ho had no groat expectations-of very benaficial results from the repeal of the Corn Laws ; : but when he saw . the majority of tbo leading im-ii oi ' both parties in the State conourring J" carrying-it , he felt confident that he was-doing right in going along wifcH'thein . ' : ¦

      The BisliopfclEsETuu-agreed in the comnwndation justly bestpwod on the Olorgy fur their alistinenec from :, ijvtorlering with- the discussion ofrthis Question , biit he could notagvee iu the assertion-thafc it was tlie duty of-the Bench of : Bisli (> ps-to be regardless or ' the clergy in deciding upon this bill ; It was because tlie interests of religion and of the poor ag well as the rioh were concerned ; that the Right Reverend Bishops-wore called on to oppose the meat sure before them . Cliea ] -, nassof provisions- was-, nothe great tbi » g ; necess « ryfor the poor labouring man , it was goodness-of wages whioh really repaired him the greatest-benefit and most improved his condition .

      The Earl of W ' AiiwioK . expressed his- entire opposition to the Bill . Agriculture , manufactures } , and commerce were all in a flourishing condition ,, and i * was mosfc rash . and infatuated toattempt so dangerous an experiment at such a timo and without / the slightest solid excuse . The Bishop OtVOSFORD spoke zealously in favour of tfte Bill . Re denied that the benoh of Bishops were spiritually charged with the interests of the clergy in their lordships' house ; and-lia-as « ertedithat it was necessary that landowners should' get rid oi their mortgages . , Lord AsKBunT 6 v . said , that ib appeared nothing would satisfy , the lli « ht Rev ; Btelate less- than tie rooting up- of-all-landed . pFoptr-t >\ . His assertion brought to mind a cry raised during the Eronch revolution— "We respect the rights- of- propertj ' i . but then all property must change hands . " '

      Lord ! VU ) STt . \ QLK spoke at lengthen favour ok { he Bill , wiskins that it had provided for-a-totol : and > immediate abolition . r- - Lord Stakwy ' repliotlito . Lord-Monteagle . The slidirig-senfc had ; prevented groat fluctaatiottf , had provide , ) for a sufficiency c . f . siippl )' ,. andhadprodu ried , that should the price ' of corn-full the . price , ot ' - ^ her conMnodities . woiiJd . 'Jikeiviso-fall . and-as-the vjiJ » * e of mnaey would me the monejcdi intWOM / mn \\ & deri \® ftll'th ' c boon to . be- oonferred by . if . ; 'and the

      nati » nal < burthens woulii be to tbje same amount increased . Tl \ o Noble Lord' warned theirs Lordships Sigaitist holding out to . . people fallaaiouB- hopes Jhiit wo » ld not be realised ; . Iiv the course of twelve months theromust ' neccasarily be aiiiissohition of Parliament , and tken should the-expressGd opin'ions-of-thc constitaencie * be iuifawws of Uiis . measure , tliwr Lbrd > hij > s cmild coastituuoaally . and graeetully consent-to it .. But should they , paf-s-ife now , hy Vitinjr for it-againsfcth-ir jiadginonts , andi by conceding toa one-sioudiagitacion . the q . iiK . stion ' woald not be settled ; and should ; the decision nil the country bo the same as ih was in liSll ,. wonlil : tlu > ir

      Lortlships ! he a » lies ) ,. tl ] en remain consistent fot ! v ? 5 rincbnsistancy , or woald they again go rosad ,. ai ! . A oaee jlriorG change their opinions ? ' ; Eiii'l Gbbs spoke i « favoui ' sf the bill ; and Lord BsiouoiuM indulged in . a . « Kftflt many i ' aoe-iiouH '¦ and . persiinul obsecvatwivs , accompanied by cahiicJjesUcujations , that kept their Lordships tbt ^ an hour , by the clock , in oontijiutd'peals oflaiishtov ,, - .. The Bsuke of Richmond slioi'Uy closed ihe debate . Lord Stanbojvs ' s amendment was nejativedAvitliout a division , andtlifc wotion to fio into cop ; mittc& was Ofil'ried ) tlie commistee being fixed lor Monday next . ¦>¦ ¦ i

      Tfceir Lordships a ^ ouvned oYW . c this ( sa ^ tuvday ) morning . HOUSE OF COMMONS , Fiu » at , June 12 . TheI adjourned deba-te on the ' . ' ..,-, PROTECTION OF LIFE ( IRELA ' SD ) -B [ IJ , And on Sir W . SoNBRVJttK's amend ; uent th ' ereton ^ was re ^ iiniesl by Mr . Ross , who oppo ? ed the bill Mr-. Mosckios Muaks also opposer | it , becaiisethe" Guvornincnt on sufferance" by whom it was yMQiposi-d liad evidently not the pow .. 'r t a carry ir , si » 3 , s to . reiidt-p U of any effect . He tiiouylit . that circniBstanc « d as the member * «) f the Goverr nit-iit-were ^ afliltli ) selivsatian ni ' princivlc by an ab ' indoninoiit of Uiis bill would wake but extremely' little tiiireyerjue ti » tiif ir cliura ^ . Ml " . rt ) lli ) 5 I Spuove , Mr . F . eddinotos , and Jlr . D .-Bliowss likewiseiiuposcd tlio liill . ¦

      The li-ll wa 3 supported b-y Lord Bkksaud npd Mt . Shaw . The lliaht lion . Kcei-onlcr saiil ^ i ! conld n"t > iioiisoieiuiinisly i . bjwt tn'tln ; second reading of ii l > il « Unit heMicvi'dtij hen-pessary , thoujilihv had w > coiifitWiu'H iu thu Guv . rinuont , i hat pvoiioscd it . Sir II l ' KKi , l \ aviuif r .-puatvd liis . statements th-ifc tlio B !\ w . is ntwssiii ' y— ilr . it it vtiisii't iut'uh more Sti ' lltl-Ctu thai ilia ' . " oMU-iul by tlio Wliiu *; niidas-S ' li'eii U'bv the U'isii Mo' ! i !» 'r . srti-. il ihat it wnsai ' . o 'i » - piiniiH . with incaMiros df pennam'nt rcntorfy lursoiwa of the . social iivi s ol Ireland . repUi'd ni Uio ci-a' -iasprerfiTeii : i ! i : lii > st S / ini !>» ' ' ¦ ' >"' " KOiiOK HK . V . tim-k . il . chni . d . 'itiirii-. iiMiiy ilmt h ' . ' lvu ! hvtrayal I Continued t < $ th £ i 9 ht l '« P *]

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      IIONESTT TRIUMPHANT 1 TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST GOOPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Brothers . —In the execution of our duty as auditors of the accounts of the Land Society , we have had to inspect the BANK BOOK , Post-office orders , Bank orders , < fec ., in the possession of the sub-treasurer Mr . Feargus O'Connor , and have the pleasure of being able to announce to the country , that , in the

      whole course of our public experience we have never witnessed a more satisfactory , clear and lucid statement of the affairs of a soeiety than are set forth by the above officer . And we cannot help expressing our strong sense of the integrity and honour of that gentleman , and the deep debt of gratitude which is due to him by those for whose benefit he is spending his wealth , talents and time , and think that persons wliopwtendto be Chartists , might find more useful employment tlian traducing one who is in every respect -worthy of his high and distinguished position .

      Brothers , the accounts of your sab-treasurer offer the most ample and complete refutat on to the calumnies which his enemies have been so industriously circulating , with a view to the destruction of Ma character ; but , after a strict investigation of his account with the society ) as well as his own private accounts , which he gratuitously presented to our scrutiny , -we find that , exclusive of a large sum expended by him in prosecuting the objects of the Association , there appears a balance of upwards of £ 200 in his favour , besides several sums for postages , < tc , for which le Las siofc charged a single arthing . Brothers , your funds are safe , your society is in a flourishing position , and by union and perseverance success will assuredly crown your efforts .

      la conclusion , we again proclaim not only that our confidence in Mr . O'Connor is undiminished , but that it is considerably enhanced , our only charge against him being that he DOES TOO MUCH FOR NOTfllKG . Tour faithful officers , James Knight , William Cufpey . THIS IS MT AJfS ^ ER , Mil . COOPER . F . O'C .

      Untitled Article

      k'o the ' membersof tbe charti&t co-? - • - ¦ operatiws land ' society . { - ¦ ¦; , purchase ;; of another estate . £ Mr ' iiiK ' FiuE ! ii > s , —inoW . tnrhI to the bright' srde ^ thBLandiicfe ^^ in complef Jn ^ % * nb ' ther , arid , in my opinion , a most advantageous purchase of one hundred and thirty acres , principally meadow land , wit&in 14 miles of London by the high-road , within 1 mile of the Pinner station , which is 13 miles from London , and to whero you may go and return for Is . 6 u . The laud is , of course , freehold , otherwise I should not buy it , and the Land Tax is jedeemed—that is , it pays no Land Tax . For this estate and a wood of oaktimber included , we give

      THREE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED - ¦ POUNDS . The timber I value to us at £ 400—the materials of the house and outbuildings , which are capital , at £ 250 , and there are two acres and a half cut off from tbe estate , at the corner of two high roads , ' for which I can get £ 250 or £ 100 an acre . If you deduct the 2 J acres from 130 , you have 12 VJ acres , and if you deduct the price of timber , materials , and 2 } acres of Land from the purchase money , you have 121 \ acres ofland , within U miles of the metropolis , -within a mile of a railway station , and within nine mi / es of St llbans , the county town , within a mile ami a

      half of Watford , ' a celelu-ated market town , and within two miles and a half of Ihe beautiful town of Bughy , on the borders of the county of Middlesex , for £ 3 , 000 , which is little more than £ 23 per acre , with Land Tax redeemed . . The country is delicious , nnd the situation couldnot possibly be exceeded for pur purpose , as nothing is more important at all times , and particularly at the outset , than proximity to good markets . Farmers send hay to London by the high road , and bring back dung- within tlie day from a ' greater distance than the Carpenters' Estate ( for that ' s the name of it ) is from

      London . Now , where are the wiseacres who used to tel ] me , that I conld not get land in the mountains for £ 20 an acre , and that I could not get anything of land ior £ 45 , £ 50 , or £ 60 an acre . Have I not so far given a practical refutation to their folly . There is a fine high road frontage for all the cottages , so that the members will not be placed in the back settlement . This left arm of Chartism is within 6 $ miles of its right arm , Herringsgate , and nothing can be more important than showing ourselves in the first instance in the fashionable districts , within three miles of the QueBn Dowager ' s new residence , ami surrounded by noblemen ' s estates .

      You know that one of my hopes , my greatest hope , fi-om the Land plan was , that , wherever a location Wife " estaulisliedr ~ tiie whole neighbourhood wonM become Chartist . Well , recent events have fulfilled my prediction . Riekmansworth parish , where our first estate was purchased , is immensely large , and 19 in CYCVy 20 Of the working class population , who never heard of the Charter , are now Chartists to a man , and vast numbers are prepared to enrol , and some to pay up their full shares , as soon as ihe district is open . TlllS is one triumph . Another is that my opponents assured you that you would be consigned to pigstyes , while thecomplaint of every visitor without exception

      is , that the houses are too good , that the materials are too good , and that everything is too good . I think myself , thai the iive-rooraed houses are too lar ^ e ; that the four-roomed houses look beautiful ; however , this is a fault that at once answers the pigatye brawlers , and can be corrected . Yesterday ( Wedn& ^ ay ) h's performed what is considered a great operation ,- we perfected and got the chimnies up in two of the five-roomed houses , when the whole population was startled by a succession of hearty cheers from all the labourers and tradespeople upon the estate , while a long tri-coloured flag waved from the top of the houses .

      It would really have done your hearts good to see the cheering countenances with which the labourers viewed the success of their own order ! We have now five pair of sawyers , about sixteen carpenters , and as many bricklayers , besides carriers , labourers , welldiggers , brickmakers , and all other branches of industry at full work ; and you will see by the announcement of the Directors it is our intention to have a Grand Procession to the Estate on Monday , the 17 th of August . The new purchase we do not get possession of till the 29 th of September , anil

      therefore you will see that as there is no necessity for great haste the Directors have decided upon taking the ballot at Manchester , on Monday , the 27 th of July , and none will be eligible to ballot who hare not paid up all demands to which they are liable up to the time of taking the ballot . This leaves the Shareholders till Thursday , th * 23 rd of July , for ithe payment of their shares ; and the 2 d Section is going onso prosperously that we were in treaty for 10 acres of Laad Rear Cheltenham for that section , but the price ( 3 , 000 guineas ) being so enormously high we declined the purchase .

      • There will be plenty of Estates in ihe market before Michaelmas , and perhaps my revilers will be astonished to learn that we are now in a situation to PURCHASE ANOTHER ESTATE . It is our intention to apply all tbe proceeds from the demonstration which the Directors will manage themselves for the benefit of the shareholders-whose Estate ss the object of attraction , and thia . 1 'uIb W 6 intend tO Observe upon taking possession of each suMcoding estate , and by it we have every expectation and reasonable hope a-f amassing a large sum of money . Wo could not have the demonstration earlier than the

      third week in August , because all the rural popufcv tion up to that time will be engaged in harvest oj ) jrations ; nor could -we have the ballot earlier t '^ n the day . named , as it would be impossible for the , Diructors to leave until buildings and other operations , which require their attention , are placed in full swing . It . would be impossible to describe the perfect harmony that continues to exist in the directing body , and they think that while they are working , they can afford to bear the slander of those who writhe under our suoccss .

      My friends , there should be no sccveta between me and the shareholders , and I may o , s well tell you , as Mr . Cooper has askedI / or the title deeds , t ) intl never had them in my possession , that they are in the custody ofi the proper om ' cer ,, ihe Treasurer a « d Solicitor to the Association . And now as to your request that I should rescind my resolution of resigning my ollicc of Deputy-Treasurer , as I CAN trust MYSELF ) I OBEY YOUR WISH . But then it is upon the thorough understanding that neither you nor I shall heed tlie ravings of disappointed fools , and that I am not agaiu to be called upon out of time and out of place to disclose aiy private affairs at the caprice of every inedler , 1 am determined that no

      %Fitffb Fustian' Jackets, The Bus ^Ered Hands3nd Un Shorn Ohins.

      % fiTffB FUSTIAN ' JACKETS , THE BUS ^ ERED HANDS 3 ND UN SHORN OHINS .

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      VOL . X , NO . 449 LONDON / SATURDAY SlfNE ~ io 1846 ^ mm , wmmiwis « .. ; . , ~ ^ ^^ ¦¦^¦ ^ * ¦ yj . * - * -V . * $ \ JJXi ,,, _ J , U !^ l' - ' & \} , lO 4 tU . Tivc Shillings ami Sixpence per Qimitcr . ^ ' '"~ '"* " ' ¦ ' — - " '"' ———— — I I ' . ' ^^^^^ I ^^ W ^^*^^^ W ^^^^ ^ ^ . | , . ., — - ¦ -I — '' I -. _¦ — . .

      Untitled Article

      AND NATIONAL TBADES' JOURNAL .

      Impm'ai $Ariuimeuw

      Impm ' ai $ ariuimeuw

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), June 20, 1846, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1371/page/1/