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nimstw "ii tno Priiitod bv DOCOAL .U'GOWAX. oFlri. Onv:it Wiii.'.in'U
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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( Continued from the But Page . ) We are the aristocracy of labour , tbiriy-five freemen will soon take possession of this estate : yos . really independent freemen—men coming to lake possession of their awii land , purchased with their own money , and who would henceforth live by the culture of that land , by their own independent labour . ( Great cheering . ) By examples of this sort , we hope to set the wliolc industrial population of the empire hungering after the soil . ( Cheers . ) An eminent statesman . Lord John Russell—( laughter)—has told Mr . Duncorebe that he will not give the five points « t the Charter—he did not appear to hare intelligence enough to know there are six points in the People ' s Charter . ( Hear , hear , and tn : n him out . ) A gentleman srvs turn him out , had we been consulted he never would have been in . ( Loud cheCW . ) However , was he present on this occasion , be , perhaps , m ' sht alter his mind , and think yon fit to be trusted with the franchise . ( Great cheering . ) The Chairman then introduced
. . Mr . Erxest Josks . who was received with a fiearty welcome . He said : We have recently celebrated tLe birthdav of renewed Chartism '" ^ e north-It Uink we nay call this its chnstenms . Her M * J «?* children arc baptized wjth ™ ter fom the ww Jordan ^ which they therefore call holy water-at the great christening we baptize with tank instead of water-and this indeed isboly earth since it is the Jand derotca to the purpose for which God designed it . the maintenance of those who fall it by the sweat of their brow . ( Cheers . ) When I left London this mornin" I thought I was only coing some seventeen « r eichteen miles out of town ; I novf begin to think I must have made a very long journey indeed , for I have come to a land , that at one time I scarcely ever expected to see . I have come from the land of
sfavenr , to the land of liberty—from the land of ¦ pivertv to the land of plenty—from the land of the TVTrfgs * « o the great land of the Charter I This is the promised land , my friends ! and all honor to those , who not only promised us the ' and . but . unlike some men in the huge Whig land beyond , have actually kept their promises . We have come to the first province of a jrreat empire—the Chnrtist empire . ( Loud cheers . ) But , I must confess , that some tilings ¦ whi ch I see , and some things which I do not see , excite my surprise . —forl look upon you asbeingacommunity by yourselves , with invisible , but mighty Tjarriers around you ; open to all the good , without referenc to creed or class , but firmly closed against the ministers of tyranny and monopoly . In the first ulace thenwhere i 6 ronr workhouse ? Can you
, pDSsitfy hone to set on respectably without a workhouse ? What will ron do with your poor , yoHr aged , and you-- infirm ? Why , I actually do not see one fat overseer amnns you to take care of them ! ( Laughter . ) "Ho poor law guardians to minister to tlie comforts , and impr . ive the morality of the young ! Oh ! my friends ! if you go on as you have now begun . I think you will " have no pnor ; and if . by any chance , you should have , you will be able to take care of them yourselves . —place them under the best guardians for ihe po- > r , the affi .-ction of their brethren , nottheusury of their taskmasters—netheir do I see the factory—* ha * parent of the workhouse and the jail—that breeder of poverty and crime—that strange fllembie . from which issue the snlendour of the rich and the rnin of the poor . Side bv side they grow out of each
other , that infernal trinity of factory , jail , and workloi ? e : the factory—belching forth fire and smoke from its tall chimney , like a hellish torch lighting the ruined to perdition . The workhouse—that punishes men for jrrowing old . instead of rewarding them for having toiled when young ! The jail—that visits on the oppressed the crimes of the oppressor—neither do I see the parsonage or the church as yet ; l ) nt then 1 see an altar upon every hearth of the beautiful eattages : I hear a sermon in every cheer of emncipated labour—and I read a prayer of thanksgiving in every smile of a liberated people . Neither do I see the stately mansion and farspreading nark , with closed gates repelling the weary ¦ wanderer from shade and rest . So many trees , so ¦ manr streams , so manv pastures for the use of one
* aan . while his brethren are footsore , thirsting and faint ! Oh ! surely lie must hav j enough and to spare ' Those stately places coald not beautify this scene , I see more beauty in these smiling cottages , than in the frowning fortresses of the great , for I see " welcome" written on every donrlatch . and hosnitality waiting on every threshold . There will be more beauty in these little orchards than in the deerstocked park and preserves of the millocrat , for instead of the poaiher ' s whistle and the gamekeeper ' * pin . will ha heard the laugh of merry children and the b ' e = sings of contented age . ( Great cheering . ) Oh 1 What a strange , new land is this , that we have come in J A land , that will dispense blessings on its Ticinase . For , I presume , you don't mean to « stror the suit undine countrv . after all , you don't
mean to be the death of Hertfordshire , as some have said . ( Lanshter . ) You will be glad to see others prosper around yon , —thrive and make others thrive ! —that is the motto of the Charter . You will stretch forth your heads , down into the slavish ranks of unemancipated labour , and raise them up to the aristocracy of freedom . Nor do you mean to stop lere either , I presume . You will kepp extending your territory—conquering fresh provinces , not by the sword of battle , but by the power of reason . One of these days , perhaps , you will become lords of the mannor . When you are , let me ask you . what dn you mean to do with your game ? Do you mean to transport a raan for shootinga sparrow ? ( Laughter . ] Or do yon really mean to let all have a share of what Mo \ meant for all ? Stranger and stranger still
. Not only the land of promise , but the land of performance . How unlike the old , is this New England of ours !—If T compare our farm with one ot the finest in Old England , how jrreat is the contrast in our favour * Tnere is a landowner in Dorsetshire , who owns an entire parish , and lets it all out in one farm . This farm is so well managed , that the farmer received for it the first prize at the lianas of the Blandford Agricultural Society ; think what bis profits must be from such a farm * so . managed , and yet the wa « es he gives his labourers are so low . that the majority of them are obliged to seek parochial reliet . ( Shame . ) But what is this , compared to ¦ the lot of the poor mechanical operative ? I have "but ju 3 t returned from the manufacturing countiesand there I have heard tales of misery , that would
astonish you . I will give you an instance—one out of many . There is a factory-lord , who can employ about 2 , 000 hands in Ms factory , but , in order to be more independent of his slaves , works partly by steam and partly by human power . 1 , 500 hands , however , he constantly employs , since he finds flesh and bone to be cheaper materials than ste land -iron . These 1 , 500 workmen he pays at the rate of 6 a . per week ( in some case 3 7 s ) . But even this is merely a nominal pay , since , whenever a machine is damaged , he makes them pay for the injury , makes them pay as much as 3-1 . per week each , to make good the wear and tear of that which has been worn oat in his own service . More than this : — I have told yon that he works partly by steam . This what he calls the balance of power , this is what
enables him t * create competition for work—and keep on an average 500 half-naked , starving fellow heingfi shivering in his yard , hoping that some large order may come down from London or abroad , to give them a cban-e of employment , since they have no prospect of finding it in other factories , ¦ where the same scenes are enacting , and famished crowds would drive the hungry interlopers away . Then , when Us does want a few additional hands , this British slave-driver comes out of Ins lair , and stalks through the ravening mass outside : they crowd around him , imploring him for work , underbidding each other , desperate gamblers for their own ruin , —while he is calculating in his mind the amount of thfir distress , thence estimating the lowness of their offers , till the 1 < . are reduced bv a
third , and they choose a lingering torture , instead of a rapid death . ( Shame . ) Or they can buy employment with amorelomd bribe . TJier Lave wives and daughters , crushed by labour , it is true , but by nature as beautiful , and as gentle and as noble , as the silken dolls that sparkle at the Court of St James ' s . The eye of pampered tyranny falls on these , and they are often bartered as the coin with which labour buys a respite from capital . ( Shame . ) My friends ! this is no solitary instance—this is the general rule . Neither have I heightened the picture , but I have spoken in the plain language of truth . Ob . ! think then , —think , that you see this mass of agonized humanity standing in the f « etory-j - ard of that proud man , *—father and son , by famine turned to strangers , trampling on each other in their
frantic race for employment;—think that you see him looking on , with a smile of supreme contempt , to mark the pitch of adjatness to which man may be reduced , —think , that an order has just come , —that he is reckoning his immense prospective gains—while they are beaten down beneath his golden lash—think , if in the moment of despair , suddenly a whisper was to steal through the crowd , telling tuera , that each had a Chartist cottage , —had a freehold farm , held by no servile tenure from no grinding landlord , but direct from God , by the title of their labour and the charter of their freedom—think , I say , what a delirious throb of joy would beat through every bosom , with what a , look of unutterable triumph they would return the insulting scorn-glance of the tyrant , —and how , full of their great thought of liberty , they would go marching on to tlie land of promise , and leave the
named wretch alone in his mouldering prison , to morn the fall of monopoly and the redemption of the human race . ( Immense applause . ) Let us persevere , my friends ! and we shall purchase that redemption . And , remember , you are not fighting your battle alone , but that of your poor crushed brethren in the North , as well . Let that inspire you to increased exertion . —Every step taken onwards in these fields is one more step away from the gin-[ nlace and the hell , —from the workhouse and the joal , for them as ior ii 3 . Every sod you turn npon ; uk toil , is one more spadeful hollowed out for the jravc ofnu-n > poly . ( Cheers . } A great mechanic of old aid ; give me hut some sx > oi to sfcusd on , and I could nove the earth ' We have that spot—wo are stand- j ng on it no ' . r . and , greater than tlieniaclinnic of old , j re shall be abJetoJift the dead-weight of capital , j iai , doubtlessly , us the . eamc oi Uvth always suiters
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persecution at the hands of those who 1-v ed by falsehood , doubtlessly , Whig hirelings have been , end < avourins-to poison-, the mind * .. of . ftur ^ fv havlre Ilertforsbire against u . Doubtlessly , they havere suscitatedold , worn out calumnies , ^ houdhwe remembered the Persian . « 9 i « g ! ^* ca e *' few js ^^ yjstt = ; Sves are S ! ( hear hear ) . They accuse us of SJS . SES"I forcedestructives-menof blood-S Sty and violence . These are rather peaceful cotteSs 4 such terrible men of war . We-men of boodshed ? . We ? - who set our faces against an American war —? Aye ! mainly prevented a fratricidal struggle with America ;—for , I do say , the unanimous protest of the English people was greatly
conducive to the maintenance of peace . Who are the men of bloodshed ? Those who prevent it ,-. or those who slaughter flying Indians , drowning in their own rivers beneath the range of our artillery . — batter the vast cities of China into dust , for the sake of merchants , vrofits . —can trample on undisciplined barbarians in New Zealand and the Gape , ¦ tort , dare not raise an arm in vindication of a nation ' s honor , when Us treaties are violated in Poland , by their powerful brother-tyrant , the autocrat of Russia ? —( loud cheers . ) They accuse us of being Infidels , and the enemies of religion . We are not the enemies ot religion , but we are the enemies of those , who turn
religion into a trade , and love npon its perversion . It is they , who are the infidels , not we , since they profess a creed they do not follow . How dare they preach : Do unto others , as thou wouldst that others should do unto thee ? If * were to do unto them , as they have done unto us , where would they be tomorrow ?—How dare they preach : thon shalt not steal!—when they have stolen from us the harvest of our fields , the produce of ourhands , —thebrightness of our youth , and the comforts of our age ?—How dare they preach : thou shalt not murder ! when they have purpled the tissues of their splendour with the blood of litt'e children , —cast their sailors into
Ihe seas , and Iheir soldiers Mi the deserts , for the triumph of fheirjmerchantprinces , —andholdtnelash yet reekins : in their barrack yards ? How dare they say : Thoii shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain—when they have used the name of their God ta cloak this mountain of iniquity ? We are no enenves of religion—we war with no man s creed —we respect every man ' s opinion ! The advocates of civil liberty are ntit the men to encourage religious intolerance , ( cheers ) . They accuse us ef being mere levellers—of wishing to pull down all above us , to the level of our degradation;—we are not levellers , my friends , we are uplifters ;—there is misery enough alreadv . of their making , without our wishing to > nthe
crease ' it . We do not wislito pull down prosperous , to that gulf of wretchedness to which they have so long consigned us , but to rise ourselves np to the level of their prosperity . We do not wish to build our cottages of the stones of shattered palaces or broken churches , —but of far more lasting materials , those of right , peace and liberty . We are willing to live upon our labour , but we are not willing to starve upnnit .. ( cheers ) . We are determined to respect the rights of every man , —but we arc as determined that our own shall be respected too . We are determined not to assail any man unjustly , but we are as determined to repel unjust aggression by every means in our power , ( continued cheering . )
Mr . O'Co . woh next presented himself , and was received with cheers and waving of hats that surpassed any thing ever witnessed at a public meeting . He said , Mr . Chairman ^ and [ myf friends , I venture to assert that I am the first conqueror that e-rer was awakened by the sound of ' cannon proclaiming the people's victory . ( Loud fencers . ) I was aroused this morning from my slumbers at four o ' clock by this booming , this cheering intelligence . There are many here who have heard the roaring cannon proclaim the tyrant ' s victory—there are many who have witnessed the jubilee in honour of faction ' s triumph *—there are many who have participated in those
rejoicings to commemorate the Ishedding of human blood , and proclaim the triumph of the strong and wily over the weak and artless —( Cheers)—but for the first time in this country ' s history , nay , in the world's annals , the FIREBRAND , the DESTRTJC TIVE , the LEVELLER , can say , ' Turn right and left , and behold the bloodless victory of right over might , of industry over cunning , of labour over idleness . ( Loud cheering . ) It has been said that there ii nothing new under the sun ; but 1 have lived to produce a novelty in labour ' s refuge from its hunter and oppressor . ( Loud cheers . ) Although there are thousands now congregated around me , yet I venture
to say that few even of those present understand the real cause of this gathering . It owes its origin to the mind ' s progress , rather than to my exertions . ( Cheers . ) For years the mind of this country has been marching on with rapid strides , until at length faction finds it impossible longer to resist the . rushing torrent . ( Cheers . ) There are three parties in the state—Whigs , Tories , and Chartists , and the genius of the age called upon each to develope the real meaning of their respective theories . The mind of the country was ic advance of the phantom ofWhjggery , the moonshine of Toryism , and the enthusiasm of Chartism , and the universal echo now
is , Proclaim , develope , declare the result of your several theories . ( Cheers . ) Whiggery bad a long life of " Wait and you shall see . " Toryism has exhausted , " You shall see what you shall see , " and the wisdom of Chartism require d to see the promised fruits of its continuous enthusiam , its religious and indomitable perseverance , its manly suffering and undying endurance . Thus propelled by genius and forced by its growth , RuBsell proclaimed the policy of Peel as the fruit of Whiggery- ( Cheers and laughter)—and straightway free trade was emblazoned upon the Whig banner . ( Cheers . ) Peel , more shrewd , a better seer , an abler diviner , and more
profound stateBman- ( Cheers ) -adopted the principle of granting precisely as much as could Dot bo safely withheld- ( Cheers ) -and Chartism , knowing that the struggle of both was for the LION'S SHARE of labour- ( Cheers ) -8 aid The LAND—( Loud and continued cheering ) - ^ 1 bBilW the on l * raw material to which individual labour could be applied for individual comfort . ( Cheers . ) You have then before you the choice of Free Trade , which neither Queen , Lords or Commons , merchant , banker or farmer , political economist , statist , or shopkeeper , editor , reporter , or mortal man can define—( Cheers and laughter ^ -as the principle of
Russell and the Whigs . You have' Slop where you safely can , ' as the principle of Peel and the Tories —( Cheers)—and youhave' Cottages , landand capital , ' as the principles of Chartism—( Tremendous applause . ) Now , as the name Chartist sounds as musically , and , to mj ear , more pleasingly , than that . of Whig or Tory , you have to choose between their several results ; jou are to choose between phantom , moonshine , andialkome on your own land . ( Loud cheers . ) Fo man living can define the meaning of free trade , and no man living can gHess at its results . It is a problem much more difficult of solution than even the CRIMINAL LAW- ( Cheers )
—for I can solve the one , but I cannot guess at the solution of the other . For the last week I have been engaged fifteen hours a day in preparing for this magnificent , this surpassing , this astounding demonstration —( Cheers)—and I have arrived at a critical solution of the criminal law . I derive much knowledge and great information from my intercourse with all branches of labour , . and , 1 was astonished that so many of those who worked early , and late , and who were compelled to work hard —( Laughter)—for a Hying diould have been treated as criminals . I learned from three fine stout , able young fellows , who worked abreast in a gang , that each of them had been imprisoned , and to my surprise not one appeared
ashamed of it . I asked one what his crime was , he said he had SNARED A RABBIT ; another had snared a hare , and a third had been found some yards off the path in the squire ' s land . ( Shame . ) 1 then asked them as to their mode of living . 1 said , Iloffdoyou support your families ? The answer was , Why we get work . Well , but if you can't get work ? Well , we get into debt . Well , suppose j-cu can't get credit ? Why , then , we get into MISC UIEF —( Cheers and laughter . ) Now , there was the proper solution of the Criminal Law . There was labour's transition from willing industry to ignominious degradation . ( Cheers . ) lie got into work if he could , into debt if lie could not , and into mischief and prison if the labour and credit market were closer )
against him , and who could Maine him to prefer the worst to starvation , or tlie attractions of ' a prison to a cold-blooded Poor Law Uastilc . ( 'iYcnicndou cheering and waving of Jmt ? . ) There , then , is the problem of the Criminal law stated for Lord John llussell . The able-bodied industrious man is made a criminal , that others ir . ay Jive luxuriously vpoa
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system which well accommodates events to the advantage of the rich and piivileijed . ' ( Che «» j ) Russell ; " after ten years '" unopposed ' possession of power , has ^ discovered that your sanatory condition requires great improvement , I deny that Government can , or will , make the alteration . You behold what may be done in the way of wholesome ventilation , when man is allowed to labour for himself—it is Ms intellect that is in a woefully defective tate —( cheers and laughter . ) Then as to the educational question , I have Bolved that . Behold that stately , that heavenly edifice , 75 feet has , erected
for the education of the children of the free labourers on this estate , ( great cheering ;) that has been done without Whig aid or Government patronage . ( Cheers . ) There is the asylum to teach youth its duty , and to prepare it for a freeman ' s life . ( Cheera . ) To make it hate slavery and love liberty , ( Cheers . ) He had been charged with making the working classes too proud , ( cheers)—he pleaded guilty . His object was , not to make them too proud to work for t hemselves , but to make them too proud to allow others to fare sumptuously upon their labour , whil * they were quartered upon what privilege pleased to
spare . ( Cheers . ) He asked no man to live in idleness , andithe value of the plan of which he was the propounder , the father , and originator , ( loud cheers , ) was lhat it would told the idler up to ridicule and scorn , while it would distinguish the industrious . ( Cheers . ) As he saw many about him belonging to all classes of society , he would take that opportunity of explaining its value to each . To the farmer he would willingly admit that it 3 effect would be to raise the standard of wages in the agricultural market , but then , in return , it would spare him the infliction of poor-rates , the tax imposed' upon him
for the prosecution of system-made criminals—the tax upon him for a standing avmy and a rural police —and all the other taxes that were consequent upon the m&l-fldministration ef the law , and the unequal and capricious distribution of property . ( Loud cheers . ) And more than that , it would compel the landlords to tako the item of increased wages into account of rent . ( Cheers from the farmers . ) Thus itwasmoreas a terror to griping landlords than to industrious farmers . Then as to the shopkeepers , he would take the picture that they saw before them as an illustration of-their . share in the change . He
would ask them , whether it would be more profitable to their order to have two customers , badly paid , upon that form , or thirty-six customers well paid . ( Loud cheers . ) lie would take a wide district , and ask , whether it was more beneficial to society at large , that a thousand acres of land shall be badly cultivated , by fifteen or twenty badly paid labourers , in the hands of one individual , or that it should be well cultivated in the hands of five hundred individuals . Who , he would ask , would be the best customers with the shopkeepers in the district , the one farmer and his twenty badly paid labourers , or the
five hundred well-fed labourers . ( Loud cheers . ) This question of labour was well understood in the manufacturing districts , where he and his struggling friends had so long expounded it ; as yet , it was but an A . B . C . question with the agricultural labourers . Were they aware that the interest of the farmer ' s capital , the means of educating his family , the fortune he amassed , and the losses on speculation , were one and all furnished , and solely furnished , by the profit upon labour . ( Cheers . ) He was not now speaking against the farming class , he liked them better than the proud
aristocracy of the mill . He found them more generous , more kind hearted , and better employers than the manufacturing class but , at the same time , the great changes that had recently taken place would demand either the new modelling or the destruction of their order . ( Cheers . ) When he came amongst them fir .-t , few of the little squires would condescend to speak to him . ( Laughter . ) At length they vouchsafed a nod , and , finally , they condescended to hold out a finger . ( Cheers and laughter . ) There was one exception , which he was bound to make . He took that opportunity of expressing Mb thanks to a
young gentleman from whom he had received a great deal of useful local information , as well as the most unremitting kindness and attention—he meant Mr . Weedon . ( Cheers . ) But after this day he confidently hoped , that henceforth they would meet him with open arms , as he would undertake to instruct them in the only means by which they could save themselves from the perils and dangers of free trade . ( Cheers . ) He stood there rejoicing in being the best abused man , not in England , but in the world . But he could say what
no man in the world before that day could say , namely , that he and his friends had addressed men from every county in England , and from Scotland and Wales . ( Loudand continued cheering . ) Yes ; there was not a county in England that had not sent it * herald to labour ' s demonstration to carry back a true and faithful account of labour ' s victory . ( Cheers . ) He was called a leveller , but he laughed the name to scorn ; he was an elevator . ( Cheers . ) He sought to debase no man , his object was to elevate those whom tyranny had debased . ( Cheers . ) He had heard much of the ancient landmarks of the
constitution , but they were no bounds for . the present mind , of which the constitution should be the reflex . He required new land markB for a new population aa he required new books for new minus . ( Cheers . ) Fences nine yards wide , occupying over six acreB of this farm , were the old land marks ; a post and rail would be the new land marks . ( Cheers . ) An old farm house built of lath and plaster , and tiled , was t he old land mark ; the labourer ' s cottage built of brick , of the best bricks ; stuccoed outside , and with gutters , were the new land marks . ( Loud cheers . ) And herein is the anomaly that statesmen confess
their inability io solve . They are engaged in an impossibility , they are endeavouring to increase , to decorate , and beautify the superstructure while they are narrowing the foundation . ( Loud cheers . ) Would it be possible to widen the walls of those cottages , without , at the same time , widening the foundations , without the danger of their tumbling . ( Cheers , and No . ) Well then , how can you with safety go on year after year extending palaces without equally improving cottages , upon { which they must rest ( Loud cheering . ) They are putting too large a body upon slender legs , and the limbs are tottering under the
weight that oppression places upon the monster ' s back . ( Great cheering . ) We are told that labour is the source of all wealth , and the only source of political power , and is the man to be esteemed a criminal who would endeavour by the application of labour to increase the resources of the country , and to secure those increased social blessings by increased political power . ( Cheers . ) They had been preceded here by ill-fame , but it was beginning to vanish before the thought and approval of the agricultural labourers . ( Cheers . ) It had been the practice of all parties to govern by division . They had taught the agricultural labourers to believe that they had no interest in common with the manufacturing
operatives , but what would Lord John Russell say when he learned that lie ( Mr . O'Connor ) had added this new section of agricultural strength , sinew , and mind , to the grand army of Imperial Chartists . ( Loud cheering and waving of hats . ) Ah ! the tyrants had consigned him to a feloa ' s cell for eighteen months for advocating labour ' s ; rights and labour ' s cause , but he stood before them with as little shame as the poor man who had been sent to St . Albaiis for snaring a rabbit to keep his family from starvation ( cheers ) and he lived to tell the Whigs , though they were in oiJiee , ) ie was ijtWl in power . ( Tremendous applause . )* There were many present , both of the higher and of the middle ranks of life , who had heard of Chartism as tho accented doctrine of
destructive firebrands and plunderers , and , therefore , he would iiec the opportunity of merely recapitulating what thosix points of Chartism \ vere , nnd ho would repecM ' ulIy invite any opponent to the principles to come forward manfully on that platform and state the grounds of his objection , and he would undertake to promise him a patient , culm and , respectful hearing . ( Cheers . ) The first point was , Annual Parliaments . The seeoud was , Universal Suffrage , by which was
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meant , that eyery . man untainted with crime , and of twenty-one years of age , should have a voice in the * election of his representative . ( Loud cheers . ) The third was , that the Vote should be by Ballot in order to prevent the influence of wealth or the dread of retaliation upon the poor voter . The ^ fourth wag , Equal Representation , which meant that England should be divided into equal electoral districts , instead of seeing the farce of Harwich with its 200 electors , and the West Riding of Yorkshire , with its S 0 . 000 electors returning two representatives each . The fifth was , that the representative should require no other qualification than the confidence of his constituents ; and the sixth was , that the peoples instead of the minister , should pay
members for their services . This point was called the Payment of Members , and such were the six points of the People ' s Charter . ( Loud cheering and waving of hats . ) And he would ask those of the higher orders and middle classes around him , whether the y thought that more honourable ser vice would be performed by the honest servants of the people , or by the paid tools of the Crown . When wages are not stipulated , necessity compels the hard pressed minister to allow ihe Janissary to name his prize . ( Cheers . ) Now was not that a constitution worth living for , and dying for . ( Cheers . ) He had been frequently asked if he meant to reduce the English people to the servile state of the small farmers in Ireland ?—his answer
was , that there were no email farmers in Ireland , that those who tilled the soil were mere dependents for their very existence , upon the caprice of their landlords ? Herein consists the difference . In Ireland the small farmer has no lease , and consequently no inducement to improve his holding or to make other improvements than will secure him from the wrath of his landlord . If he takes twenty acres of land at a pound an acre , and increases its value to 30 s . an acre , the tyrant landlord will set the improved value up to competition , ho will ask and get 30 a . an acre , and thus
pocket £ 10 a year for ever , which rightfully . belonged to him whose labour has thus increased the value—( loud cheers)—whereas if that poor man had his twenty acres for ever he would have made it wovth , not 10 s . an acre , but £ 2 an acre more than when he took it , and this is just the difference that exists between day labour and piece work—the man who works at day labour works as little as he can , and small blame to him , because another gets the profit —( cheers)—but if he works piece work , he will work from morning till night , and by moen light , as the labour , the produce and improvements will be all
his own . ( Loud cheers . ) If he is sick he lies down in his own house , and when he is dying he has the solace and gratification to know that it goes to those whom he loves best , instead of into the coffers , of those who , while living , have been grinding his face . ( Cheers . ) Nofc only must this plan succeed upon the principle of Co-operation , but he was prepared to prove that individuals having spare capital can with * out risk make ten per cent , by following it , without any column for arrears , and without an individual in twenty years being a defaulter , while they would also confer an everlasting benefit upon Society .
He would now ask if the world had ever witnessed such a spectacle , such a prospect , and such a demon- . Btratlon before ? ( Cheers and never . ) And yet some foolish sceptics affected to doubt the ultimate success of the plan , buthe ( Mr . 0 'Connor ) procIaimed from that spot , and in the face of all opposition from the silent hireling press and all , that he would conquer and the plan should succeed . Yes , he would rather die than that it should fail . This plan presented advantages and inducements to morality which no other plan ever did present . Nay , it held out a premium for confidence . He had offered the
successful allottee £ 40 besides a share in the second section for the house with four rooms that he then occupied , but the man declined . ( Cheers . ) [ Here Mr . Linney , of Bilston , stepped to the front of the platform and said the man told me to say that he declines taking £ 400 for it . ( Cheers . )] Well then , is not that a chance fo r the poor man , and as Section I , which is now full , goes on balloting , there will be £ 10 , £ 20 , and even £ 30 offered for the transfer , not of the house and land , but for the share , and for the chance of the ballot . One thing only could frustrate'the object , and that is
the directors allowing themselves to bepushed toofast , but that we will contend against , as the success and the very safety of the association depends upon our prudence and caution . ( Loud cheers . ) Gentlemen , we have been termed levellers and destructives , infidels , unbelievers , and firebrands ; but I now reiterate what has frequently subjected me to reproach from the democratic party . I tell you that I am neither leveller nor destructive—that I am for the altar , for the throne and for the cottage ; but I wish to see the altar the footstool of God , instead of the couch of Mammon . I wish to see the throne based
upon the affections of the people , instead of the caprice of an aristocracy . I wish to see the cottage the castle of the freeman , instead of the den of the slave . ( Tremendous cheering and waving of hats . ) But , if any should go , if any must go , perish the throne and perish the altar , before the cottage that sustains both shall crumble and decay . Gentlemen though I have had but little sleep this week , Belabours are not yet over ; to-night , while you are amusing yourselves , I start upon a journey of 98 miles , ( and will return before I sleep , ) to purchase ioQ acres of land , whereon I hope to knock down the old
landmarks and erect new ones . ( Loud cheers . ) But before we part , let me again remind you that I have produced a novelty— that I hare brought together men from every county in England , Scotland , and Wales , and that I have shown you for the first time in this country , or the world , suitable habitations for labourers to live in ; and perhaps you will be astonished when I tell you that 10 weeks ago the old landmarks still stood here , and not a brick was laid , and you will be more astonished when I tell you , that up to
this time , the buildings , nownearly completed , and the materials necessary for their completion , have cost short of £ 2 , 700 : a sum which a squire would expend upon a stable . ( Loud cheers . ) Nor can I lose the opportunity of the presence of go many who have heard so much evil of me , to announce to them that this experiment has cost me over £ 30 , 000 ., and that the general approval with which it is hailed , more than re-pays me for all . ( Loud cheers . ) Nor can I fail to give vent to my pride in telling you that 1 have been prosecuted by government seven times within
these seven years , ( cries of shame ) and that I am still resolved to beat that government into the acceptance of my policy . And , Gentlemen , while demagogues , while traffickers and political pedlars have been enriching themselves , by pandering to the passions of the credulous or deluding the ignorant , it is my pride , my boast , and my glory , to say that I have never travelled a mile , or eaten a meal , or received the fraction of a farthiig for any poor service ( hat 1 have rendered , from any party or from any individual during the wh 9 le of my life . ( Tremendous cheering . ) It is my pride to say , that 1
have abandoned profession and friends , and given up pursuits that would have enriched myself , that I may follow those that would enrich the poor . ( Loud cheering . ) I am nofc yet a pauper , although any other man living would have sunk beneath the weight of half that I havo borne . ( Cheers . ) I have yet Jand , I have profession , and I have intellect , and such a lover am I of what is natural , that if I was obliged to surrender two out of the three , I would say take the land , take the profession , which may be narrowed in tlieir uses , and leave me God ' s
inheritance , which may yet conduce to the unbounded advantage of mankind . ( Loud and tremendous applause ) I am now drawing to a close , —I congratulate you , while 1 have not words to express my own gratification , but this is nothing to what you shall see , —I now proclaim the 17 th of August a Sacred holiday throughout the land , a feast , not a fast . ( Cheers . ) The poor have fasted long- enough , and upon this-day-fcwelvemoulh you will not know this spot , then made much more lovely . Those who visit it will see it a . perfect g . ii'tlei ) , blessed by God
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a nd enriched by man ; and if I live to make one of the visitors , when I go from house to house , from field to field , and "' from ' garden"to garden , to see the industrious husband , the cheerful wife and prattling children all in . their proper places and elements , and ir they tell me that they are prosperous , contented and happy , I will bless God for making me the instrument of so much real bliss . Mr . O'Connor retired amidst tremendous cheering and waving Of hats . Mr . Christopher Doyle , was next introduced , — He said he was not surprised to Bee such an immense gathering on the present occasion , as doubtless they werb all anxious to see Labour ' s estate for themselves , ( cheers . ) . What was the Chartist Co-operative Land Society ? Is it a society to benefit the arigtocracy or as some would say the nobility , ( much laughter ) . No ,
for these people it would be admitted had not got their estates by their ability or industry , and had you possessed property by the same means it would be called robbery , ( loud cheers ) . Mr . Doyle entered into a minute and most lucid exposition of the principles of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , which elicited the loudest applause . My friends , said the speaker , you attend here to _ day on your own land , purcha « ed with your own money ! without any fear of molestation , or expuleion , my most ardent aspiration is that you may speedily be blest with many more estates of your own , ( loud cheers ) .. Three hearty cheers were then given for the Charter . Three more on the motion ot Mr . O Connor tor the Charter and the Land . Three for O Connor am O'Connomlle . Three for Frost , Williams and Jones . ¦ .. . .
Mr . Stallwood , then moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Knight for Mb excellent conduct in the Chair which was carried by acclamation . ,. , The Chairman in acknowledg ing the compliment , said he was much more indebted to the meeting tor the excellent order they had observed , than the meeting could be to him } better order he had never seen preserved , and congratulated his brother Chartists on their general decorum and propriety , and defied the aristocracy to point out one single meeting of theirs conducted with a greater degree of decorum than that had been . ( Great cheering . ) He again thanked them and respectfully bid them farewell—and all that remained tor him now to do was to . declare this meeting dissolved . The company then dispersed over the estate , to admire the villas , and with the numerous parties with whom we had the honour to meet , we did not find one but was loud in their
praise of these delightful villas and the charming spot on which they were situated . There could not have been less than 15 , 000 persons on the estate , the surrounding towns and villages within a circuit of ten miles , having liberally supplied their quota of visitors . The company , from the experience they had gained on thoir journey from the "Great metropolis" to "O'Connor Town , " found it necessary to leave the "Estate" earlier than they had originally intended , and nothing could better demonstrate the kindly spirit of good feeling and tlie cordial unanimity that prevailed than this one incidentat hall-past six o ' clock not one vehicle remained on the ground , ' notwithstanding the Terpsiehorean and Pyrotechnic attractions , but all departed , highly delighted with what they had seen and heard , travelling Lohdonward in a right merry mood , making the several towns and villages vesound with the songs of " The People ' s First Estate , " and " Those ., Beauti .
ful Villas , " , i ¦ At dusir'two monster bonfires were lighted upon the hills / 'kst and west of the People ' s Estate , and the volumes of flame must have been seen distinctly from the neighbouring counties , whilst skyrockets , blue-fire , catharine-wheels , roman-candles , and ; all the different description of fireworks brightened the atmosphere till twelve o ' clock at night ; the cannons still keeping up a continuous peal until the same hour-, while the dancing and show booths , and the several places of entertainment , were- crowded with the merriest of the merry ; and by that hour the London visitors had . safely returned to their respective localities before the amusements at the People ' s Estate had concluded , —and thus ended the greatest Jubilee over witnessed by . the sous of toil commemorative of tlieir own triumph . . .
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A JOURNEY TO THE PEOPLE'S FIRST ESTATE , AUGUST 17 th , 184 C . ( From a Correspondent . ) It is seven o ' clock and a most lovely morning it is , the air is pleasant and refreshing . See yon procession of vans , men , women and little one 9 , packed together , all clean , cheerful , and happy . They are labourers , yes working men and working women arrayed in holiday attire . They are journeying tothe country resolved on one day ' s pleasure . Farewell for a few hours , yes , one whole day , nature smiles on us , We say farewell to the dingy dull monotony of the workshop and cellar , aye , to the Great Metropolis itself . We feel freedom , yes , we are
free . " , - - Therq are banners flying , read their mottoes . ; A plain flag , " The Charterand nosurrender . " Think over these words ' The Charter and nosurrender . " Read them Sir John Cam Hobhouseand think of the future ! Read my Lord John Russell and remember ' 39 and Surk Castle . There is another banner "The Land and common rights for the people . "Chartists our own Land bought with money saved from the scanty earningB of the " poor oppressed honest men ; " who talks of vicious habits , < fcc . ? Herringsgate Farm , it is to ub for one day our one idea . Brother Scotchman , ( Thomas Macaulay ot Edinburgh , remember the fact when our , next petition begs from you an enfranchisement of the people . Remember that the average wages of the weavers in Auchtermuchty , in Fifeshire , is 4 s . 6 d . per week . The Chartist Co-operative Land Society own an Estate , have a capital of £ 12 , 000 , think of it ,
Canny Tkomas , and answer me , is there no virtue in such a saving ? Answer me also , Who supports the palace-lookiDg brothels in the new town of " Modern Athens ; " It is ten o ' clock , the day is beautiful , the fields are bare , the , stack-yards are filled , but there is still one field of barley , it is cut but yet remains on the field . Every eye gazes on it anxiously , all loie to see it , how black the straw is , yet it seems -well filled in the ear . Children run along the road-side laughing , happy little fellows , and mirthsome music-making girls . It is a village , the astonished villagers rush to their doors , they wonder , enquire , smile , and look pleased . We bait , man and horse rest lor the moment , we breathe the fresh air and think ourselves younger . All is right , " off we go , " one general " hurrah" at our starting . Women in the field rest and cheer with us . The horses climb a hill , the young and healthy men turn out of their conveyances , and journey on foot ; the women and children are prevailed on to remain seated ,
It is halt'past eleven , our attention is attracted by a banner flying in the air , it is placed on the top of a tree rich in all the verdure of summer , we read "O'Connorville . " Look around , see thousands of women , men , and children , all is orderly and happy , 'Donkey-racing , " nine-pin playing , " old frieBdsshaking hands , and new friends making enquiries lor your welfare . There is a freemasonry between all , and all feel the better for it . But let us get to the cottages , we hie across the field , it is loose gravelly soil , and every foot we put on it we feel it is " our own , " for once we feel in .
dependent . The cottages are in an unfinished state , but we could the better judge of them , they are substantial , roomy , airy cottages , oak floors—excellently lighted , with every convenience for the ordinary necessaries of life , excellently cast grates , with every appurtance for cooking , in short , they are cottages tor the labourer , but such cottages , they must be seen to be appreciated . Fancy such a cottage with , two acres of land for an annual rental of £ 5 . The agricultural labourers greatly admire them , one of them tald me such a cottage was a palace compared with his house . He pays £ 5 for a hovel and a small garden .
Reader , were you at the Peoples' First Estate ? are you one of the many I saw ? It was a memorable day in the history of your life , one of the landmarks of your recollection ; it will yet be a landmark in the history of the world , at least I thinks so , but it is late , you and I may meet again , so good bye . A LE 4 F 1-flOM THE ANNALS OF A SllOKMAKEIi ' s GARliBT .
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FESTIVALS ON THE 17 th OF AUGUST . CARLISLE . Laxd Festival . —The members of the Carlisle Branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society held a festival at the house of Mr . James Clarkson , Royal Oak Inn , Caldewgewgnte , on Monday evening , the 17 ih inst , in commemoration of the first jubilee held at the Chartist Estate—O'Connorville . The number who met to partake of " The good things of this life , " which were provided r / itk great taste , was
numerous and respectable , and the proceedings of the evening were conducted with the greatest hilarity . iml decorum . As soon as the cloth , was removed , Mr . Giluertson was called to the chair , who opened tho proceedings by stating that wlien the Chartist Land Plan was first mooted , it-was met by every opposition which malignity could invent , but it had lived to convince even the most prejudiced , that it was most practicable , lie concluded by proposing as the first sentiment— 11 The People the legitimate source of all power " . Which was responded to by Mr . Fish .
The Chairman then proposed— "The Charter , and may its principles , which are admitted by all to be just and reasonable , soon become the Law of tho Land . " This was ably responded to by Mr . Blyth . Tho Chairman then proposed- " The Chartist Cooperative Land Society , and may it continue to meet the same success it has hitherto done . " Mi . Rouey in a neat speech responded .
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Mr . Blyth then proposed— "The . Executive , ana the whole of those who attended the Demonstration at O'Connorville , and may theyseparate ' without accident orharm . " . , ,. Drunk standing ; 'Vi , ;;; : Mr . Coulthord then rose , and in a pithy address moved— Thit the thanks of this meeting a « i due , and are hereby given to the People ' s Champion in the British Legislature , Thomas Shngsby Dimcombe , for his straightforward and manly conduct during the
last segsion of Parliament , but more particularly the la » t fortnight , which has strengthened our convictioDg in his ability as a leader—as tho stern advocate of justice—and as the unflinching advocate of the rights of the people . " Mr . James Arthur , seconded the resolution , and in doing so fully concurred in what had been said respecting Mr . Duncombe . It was unanimously agreed to . Mr . Lownr , proposed , " The health of Feargug O'Connor , and may he live to convince his slanderers of the truth and justice of the cause he
advo-, Mr . Arthur responded and passed a high eulogium on his character . Mr . Lowbv then rose , and after a few observations , moved : — "That the thanks of this assembly are due and hereby given to Thomas Wakley , M . P ., and the ¦ whole of the jurors , who sat on the inquest over tho body of John Frederick White , who was flogged , and died of his wounds , at Hoiinslow Barracks , for the ability which . they displayed , and the searching inquiries ' they made on that occasion . " Mr , Arm ^ trokg seconded it , and it was unanimously adopted . A subscription was also entered into , to purchase the discharge of private Matthewson , and we trust it will be an example to other places to do the same .
The health of the host and hostess were then drank , arid the assembly separated highly gratified with their night ' s proceedings . P . S . At the commencement of the proceedings , a letter was read from the Wigton friends ; who apolosised for their non-attendance on the occasion , They stated that they would have attended had the harvest not been on , and the most part of them engaged in consequence . NxwcASTLE-rro . N-TYiNB . —The members of this branch of the Land Society assembled on Monday evening last , at the Sun , Turnaside , at 8 o'clock , to celebrate that important event , the taking . possessioa of the first estate purchased by the said society , by a pnblic supper . After the cloth was removed the
following toaats were given ;— " The People , " "The Charter , " "The Chartist Co-operative Land Society , " " Feargus O'Connor , Esq .. " "The first occupants of the people ' s land . " " T . S . DHncorabe , Esq ., M . P ,, and the other trustees of the Society , " " The immortal memory of Thomas Paine , " "Frosi , Williams , Jones and Ellis , " < fce ., &c . In the course of the evening it was suggested that a subscription should be opened for the ' families of Messrs . Frost , Williams , Jones , and ElliSj to present each of then with a four acre share in the Land Society , that the next Conference be requested to give them their allotments as speedily as possible , and that Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., be the Treasurer , to receive subscriptions . The sum of eight shillings was subscribed as a commencement . ' ' . - ¦ :.. - ¦ ¦ . ¦ -.:
Carringtgx . —A Convivial meeting was held ca Monday evening . The . entertainments gave great satisfaction . Greenock . —On Monday the shareholders of tho Chartist Co-operative Land-Society sat down to an excellent supper in the Buckahead Hotel . Mr . Robert Burrell occupied the chair , Mr . John : Peacock , croupier . Among the toasts were " The People "—• " The Land , the People ' s , inheritance" — " The Chartist Co-operative Land Society " -- " The speedy enactment of the People's Charter "— " The People of Poland , may they regain their independence , " &C . The entertainments concluded with a ball . Newammjpon'Ttent . — A Tea party and ball took place here on Monday evening .
Navarre , France . —The members and friends of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , celebrated the taking possession of tVie people ' s fivsfc estate , on Monday August the 17 th , by a public Tea party at Mr . Paul Rozeuthall ' s Hotel De Chcmin , De Fer . Grand Rue ,, Navarre St . Germans . After Tea a public meeting was held to explain the object of tha society . Persons resident in France , are informed that Cards , Rules and Northern Star ' s , can be obtained and members enrolled by applying to John Sidaway , Sub-secretary , and general agent for France , No . 2 Navarre-street . Germains Press Eureux , department De l'Eure , France .
SnEFHELD . —A supper was holden on Tuesday evening , the meeting was a very happy one . Hull . —On Monday a Tea party was held at the Ship Inn , Church lane . Among the toasts were " F . O'Connor , Esq . " " the Charter , " and the "NoMisrnStar " Stockport . —A Tea party and Ball was held in the Chartist Institution , Bambers Brow , on Saturday evening , August the loth . On Monday a goodly number ef the Land Society , met at Mr . Pollett'a and partook of a repast , and enjoyed themselves in the large room till a late hour in the evening .
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THE CHAR 11 ST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Meetings for the purpose of enrolling members , and transacting other business connected therewith are held every week on the following days and places : —•
SUNDAY EVENING . South London Chartist Hall , 115 , Blackfriars-road at half-past six o ' clock . — City Chartist Hall , I , Turn * again-Jane : at six o'clock . — Westminster : at the Parthenium Club Rooms , 72 , St . Martin's-lanc at half-past seven . —Sonurt Town : at Mr . Duddrege's Bricklayers' Arms , Tonbridge-street , New-road , at half-past seven . — Tower Htmlets : at the Whittington and Cat , Church-row , Bethnal-green , at six o ' clock precisely . —Emmett ' s Brigade : at the Rock Tavern , Lisson-grove . at eight o ' clock precisely . — Ifarylebont : at the Coach Painters' Arms , Circus-Btieet , at halfpast sevent Gray ' s Inn lioad , Mason ' s Arms , Britannia-street . — Hammersmith : at No . 2 , Little Valeplace , at ten in the forenoon . — Newcastle-vppn-Tyac : at the house of Martin Jude , Sun Inn , Side , from seven till nine . —Leicester : at 6 T , Church-gate , at six . — Bradford : Woolcombers' Arms Inn , Hopestreet , at five .
MONDAT EVENING . Rochester : at the Victory Inn , at halt-past seven . —Camienuell : at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth at eight o ' clock precisely . — Kensington : at eight o ' clock , at the Duke of Suss « . — Limehouse : at the Brunswick Hall , Ropemaker ' s Fields , at eight o ' clock . —Chelsea : at the Temperance Coffee House , Exeter-street , Sloane-street , at eight o ' clock . — Leicester : at No . 17 , Archdeden-lane , at seven o ' clock . — Chepstow . ; at the Temperance Hotel , Bank Avenue , at eight o ' clock . —Artnley : at the house of Mr . William Oates , boot and shoemaker , Armley Town-gate , at eight o'clock . —Liverpool : at eight o ' clock , at Mr . Farrell ' s Temperance Hotel , i , Cazneau-street . —Helper : at the house of George Wigley , the Dusty Miller , Field-head , from seven till nine . —Bristol : at No . 16 , Horse-fair , at eight o ' clock in the evening . — -Darlington : at JohnMoss ' si No . 21 , Union-street , at half-past seven . —Charity Wood Comtnon - at Mr . Earhor ' a ni .. sp . ven o ' clock . —
Ric / cmansworth : at the Cart and Horses , at seven o'clock . —Mte End ; afc the Golden Cross , at seTea o ' clock .
TUESDAT EVENING . Greenwich : at Mr . Paris ' s , Cold Bath , at eight o'clock , WEDNESDAY EVESIKG . Alcrdecn : the office-bearers mett at half-past seven , at No . 1 , Flour Mill-lane Ilall , —Brightw No . 2 , at No . 3 , Charles-street , at eight o ' clock .
SATURDAY EVENING . Shoreditch : at Chapman's Coffee House , Churchstreet , at eight o ' clock . Oldham . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) two lectures will be delivered in tho Working Man ' s Hall , by »! ' David Ross , lecturer on Elocution , chair to be taken at half-past two o ' clock in the afternoon and at hallpast six in the evening . . . Land Society . — The committee will meet precisely at two o ' clock in the school room of the hall , to receive subscriptions and enrol new niembersi Nottingham . —The next meeting of the Lana Society in this district will be held on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock , at the Seven Stars , Barker Gate . Shoreditch . —A general meeting of the members of this branch of the Land Society , will be held at Chapman's Coffee-house , 117 Church Street , Shoreditch Thursday evening August 27
th-. on , Manchester . — Richard Marsdenirom Preston , wiu lecture here on Sunday next , chair to be taken at half-past six o'clock in the evening , 1 Halifax . —A camp meeting will be holden on urn edge moor on Sunday August 23 rd . at ^ o clock m the afternoon , when Messrs . Bawden , llnshton aim others will address the meeting . . Lower Waklev . —Mr . Bawden will lecture at Lower Warley an Sunday , ( to-morrow ) at six o clock in the eveniny , and at Sowerby on Sunday August 30 th , on the proceedings of the late convention . Hie two Sowerbys , arc requested to make arrangements as to which place ho is to lecture at and seiul tl . e notice to the Stitr .
Torquay . —The members of this branch of the Chartist Co-operative Laud Society , meet every Tuesday evening at Mr . R . K . Putts , 01 , Lu \ v «' Union Street .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 22, 1846, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1380/page/8/
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