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Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th September 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 5, Untitled Article

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    • RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OFEKATIVE LAND SOCIETY.
    • Eotittitiete ;# CMi?$pntJfnt&
    • 1. M» Dksh\m * s Musical Lectures on Scottish
    • Frightful Death cf a Boy.—Mr. Payne, tha
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      And tfonr cotemporaiy cloiAts the pernicious effects of the liberator ' s treachery upon the whole liody of Repealers , w beg to furnish him with the Mowing tit hit from the pen of one Mr . George Smyth , of Liverpool ; and from which he will learn thatTOrig justice is after all , the splutter , synonirooas with repeal : — Mr . Rayradlhefollowiug letter from Mr . George Smyth , of Liverpool :- . _

      " PawdisMtreet , Lirerpool , 22 na August , 1846 . Mr dear Sm-1 haremHch pleasure in transmit-Cogtoyonan orderfor ^ s . 6 d . from the Repealer , of this pla ^ e to aia ihe AMoeiation in rtf 8 tru £ gle to ohUiu justice to Ireland , which I hold to be wnmrmons with a repeal of the union . To this smn P . Magee , Esq .. oiNew Quay , has contribute *! £ 1 , his subscription for the present YPft f I am , my dear fir , your obedient servant , Gborqk Sutih . T . Ray . Esq . " Nothing now remains for us but the fender of our thanks to our cotetnporary , for the admission that the jforthem Star is the Organ of the Chartist body , and that the Chartist body means the INDUSTRIAL CLASSES OP ENGLAND , SCOTLAND AND WALES .

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      - ~—_~ —« . THE PEEL POLICY . The Morning Post has discovered a prize in the German newspapers which must have proved of incalculable value to the native press , in the dull times and utter dearth of news which immediately fol lows the prorogation of Parliament . This prize is no less than a description of the Peel poliey by Pctl himself , and the people he has taken into his confidence are the good folks of Elbing , in Prussia . Why Sir Robert should have gone 30 far a-field to { ell his story and disclose the objects he had in view in the three-fold measures of the Income-tax , the Banking Bill , and the new Tarifis , is not obvious at first sight . He Lad plenty of addresses presented to him by his admirers at home , but to them he vouchsafed only those vague official replies , -which conventional etiquette prescribes for an English minister , in tea intercourse with the English people Just as these addresses and replies were sinking out of sight , and out of mind , there comes this epistle to the Elbingians , so different in style , and so ample in its revelations of motives , that it has quite taken everybody by surprise , as much at its contents , as its late and somewhat mal-apropos appearance .

      The Germans are " slow coaches . " They sent to congratulate Peel in the month of July , when his glorjwas at the highest , and when all men ' s minds were full of his doings . More than a month has lapsed since they got his reply , and it has only -now found its way back to Eagland , when everybody : has gone to the continent , the moors , the game ¦ covers , or the seaside , and have neither time nor inclination for politics .

      The German correspondents of Sir Robekt , have not treated him fairly . We imagine that , feeling himself fettered by the formalities which regulated his conduct at home , he meant to make them the medium for a further and more explicit declaration than he could make here . But though somewhat late , let us "take the good the Gods provide , " and make no ¦ complaints . The first announcement of the late Premie ?

      regards the Jlncome Tax . We have it now on his own authority , that that tax is to be , not a temporary , but ^ permanent one . He meant , even when talking about " three years , " that it shonld " not only make good a deficit but also laythefoundation of amort justsysUm of taxation" That justice consisting , as he after-¦ wards explains himself , in exempting from taxation " many kinds of produce necessary to the comforts of the working classes- ; ' and , of course , placing the torden on the shoulders of those most able to bear it , the possessors of property . It is long since English ministers took this view of taxation , or regardeditwtice in their financial calculations . If they

      got the money , they were not over nice about the means ; and if there wasaleaning on anj side , it was In favour of their own class ; the weakest backs were fitted with the heaviest burdens . Xous avons change tout cda—ve have changed all that ; the fotada&m of a mow just system of taxation is laid . Henceforward property , and not labour , shall fce t axed for the support of national institutions . The idea is yet but crudely worked ont , —the machinery by no means free from defects , but a beginning has fceenmade , and it will be the fault of the masses if it is not consummated , by pursuing the principle to its most remote legitimate rpsults .

      For the protection of property , legislators enact laws and judges administer them . For the protection of property , standing armies , immense arsenals , -and mighty fleets / are maintained . As long as labour ia in its active shape it has no protection . It is subject to the law of supply and demand , to be bought in the cheapest market , beaten down to the lowest price under the influence of competition , which -cares not whether the life blood be pressed from out the hearts of its victims , by the severity of its demands , so long a 3 there are other victims ready to

      ^ ake their places . But the moment labour passes into property , and assumes the shape of houses , lands , mills , machinery and money , all the powers of tne law , all the vast machinery of our national institutions comes into play for ifa safety and protection . Let the owners pay for these institutions then ; they alone benefit directly from them . The only just system of taxation a that which leaves labour freelabour of all kind , whether of hand or brain , and raises the supplies necessary for the support of the State from realised properly .

      A system of direct taxation would not only be mare just , but more economical . Millions are annually raised which never find their way to the Exchequer , because they are stopped in the passage thither by those who collect the taxes , and who must live while doinc so . Direct Taxation would reduce the horde of officials who now prey on the public , but who are necessary under the indirect system . It would also prevent reckless or extravagant expenditure by the

      Government ; when a naked snm of so many pounds , shillings and pence was demanded for the support of the state , a stricter scrutiny into its expenses would be instituted . Many things now deemed essential would , no doubt , be then dispensed with . In short , on all grounds , that just system of taxation , for which Pebl has laid the foundatien , is to be preferred , and ¦ we trust his successors in office will not be allowed by the clamour of the monied interest to undo what haa now been done . Onward , not backward , must

      be their motto . It is impossible to refrain from admiring the adroit m anner in which Peel caught these sly birds , the people of property , and got them to consent to the income tar . "Only for three yeara , " said he with a coaxing smile , and though somewhat reluctant they submitted to put their money bags into Iii 3 hands that he might therefrom take the desiderated seven per cent . They did not think that having become acquainted with their contents , and having the string in ha hands , how hard it would be to make him relinguiab his hold ! Sweet innocents ! they have been " taken in and done for !"

      Of course , the press of the money mongers is loud in its denunciations of this fraudulent attack on the " sacred right 3 of property . " Let their masters fust take their hands out of the pocket of Labour , and leave it a fair share of the joint product of labour and capital , before they complain of a paltry seven per cent being abstracted from the vast ma 3 s of wealth they annually wring from the toil of the -working classes . Sir Robert is equally explicit in his explanations of his Currency system . His object , he states , In his last Carrency and Banking Act , was to give " to papermoney a settled valueby making it always exchangeable with specie . "

      This question is , however , too wide and deep to be discussed incidentally , and we must leave it to a " more convenient season" with the simple statement , that from its proper settlement more than any

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      other single measure , can industry hope to be emancipated from thraldom and participate equitably in the national wealth . The third topic to which the ex-Premier alludes are tlieFreeTrade measures of the session , and he somewhat eloquently explains thegroundson which these measures rest in the following passage : — "Thesocial condition of that country which maintains With the greatest rigour the protective system , will be opposed to the state of another which has adopted liberal principles ; and the conviction ol the value of such principles will not obtain , unless by the encouragement of the freedom of exchange

      amongst all the nations of the world ; the well-being ot each individual will be increased , and the will of Providence will be fulfilled—that Providenee which hasgiven to every country a sun , a climate , and a soil , each differing one from the other , not for the purpose of rendering them severally independent of each other , but , on the contrary , in order that they may feel their reciprocal dependence by the exchange of their respective produce , thus causing them to enjoy in common the blessings of Providence . " We have , however , in another article , so fully treated of the subject , that itis unnecessary to notice it here .

      The inference to be drawn from this remarkable manifesto of the ex-Premier is , that he is guided by definite and constructive view 3 in the passing of his measures . He does not set to work at haphazard , but sees * how each different part of his work is to dove-tail into another . Above all , the conviction that industry must be freed from all shackles ; that in tbe welfare and prosperity of the working class is alone to be found the sure and permanent fonndation of national well-being , seems to have

      stamped itself on his mind . lib emancipation from party fetters is an auspicious omen of future statesmanship . WetruBt that , great as his skill anj courage'have been , he will , in the same progressive but fearless spirit , achieve yet higher triumphs , and by devoting his practised and powerful faculties to the investigation of the more abstruse causes of social and political evil , be enabled to confer upon bis fellow-countrymen , benefits of a kind to which those he has yet bestowed are merely the dawn which heralds the coming day .

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      ? ~ - "CHEAP BREAD , HIGH WAGES , AND PLENTT TO DO . " In 1839 , when the Leaguers were "getting the steam up" and-making promises , which , as they approached close , to the realization of their wishes were discreetly cast into oblivion , we predicted what the effects of mere Corn Law Repeal would be to the labourers and small capitalists of England . Our prophecy ran thus : — "The repeal of the Corn Laws , unaccompanied ly other political , tocial , and financial changes , would merely tend to the short-lived benefit of the manufacturing capitalists , or those with fixed incomes , at the expense of the territorial or agricultural

      capitalists . Such repeal , in connexion with the existing home and foreign competition , would both immediately and remotely injure all classes of operatives , as well as the small fanner . There is no sound reason for supposing that , upon an average of years , corn would be much , if any , cheaper in this country , under a free corn trade than under a restrictive one " : but if it was cheaper , the increased competition between the home and foreign manufactures , would speedily screw the difference out of the labourer ; in other words , it would bring wages down to the lowest point . And this effect would be materially accelerated by the rapid increase of mechanical

      productive power , called into being by the activity of the competitive principle , which , by superseding manual labour , would tend permanently to depress wages to thejlevel of mere subsistence , while the mar " ket , through this cause being kept continually over stocked with manual labour , pauperism and crime would increase . The mere repeal of the Corn Laws ,. therefore , * in connection with the maintain , ance ot the present system of home and foreign competition , and of employment of labour , is synonymou with lower wages and increased destitution to the working class . It is no matter to the operative how W the price of provisions may be , it the price of lahour or wages is lower . "

      We reprint these sentences now at tha commencement of the Free Trade system , in order that their accuracy may be fully tested . True , the fact of Sir R . Peel being minister in the interval , has caused the repeal of the Corn Laws to be " accompanied by " other social and financial changes , " never dreamt o ' by the mere partizans of Repeal . But these changes go so short a way in the right direction , that we have no hesitation in again hazarding the occupancy of the position of a political prophet .

      Truth to say , there is not much hazard in the matter . The "High Wages and Plenty to do , " which were so bountifully promised in the earlier stages ef the Corn Law agitation , have turned out like the Dead - Sea fruit already . Fair and tempting at a distance , they have crumbled into ashes at the touch . The men who reisisted John Fielden's Ten Hours ' Bill , are now proposing te run their Mills only 4 . dat s a week , or the alternative of an equivalent reduction in wage 3 , for a full week ' s work . Singular enough .

      those who do bo , were the loudest supporters of repeal—the foremost amongst the prophets of the benefits it would confer . They may conveniently forget these facts—we cannot . By their own professions we try them ; and while we by no means assume that , in the short time which has elapsed since the passing of the Corn Bill , it has had that fair trial which it 3 supporters have a right to demand , we are at the same time determined , that the ground of controversy between us and the Leaguers shall not be shifted .

      They have chosen to sneer at the " ignorance of the working classes—to calumniate their leaders , as impostors , or worse ; who , either from design or incapability , led the masses a dance after mere political " will o' the wisps . " For a time they have secured the ear of ihe natioD , and tributes of a princely character attest the extent of their influence over popular opinion . But , in the teeth of tbe £ 100 , 000 iCobden Testimonial , we proclaim Corn Law Repeal adelusion , so far as its practical , permanent effects on the comfort and condition of the labouring millions is concerned .

      The squalid poverty , deep degradation , and almost inconcievable sufferings of the Helot class , alike in manufacturing and in agricultural districts , was painfully developed by mill-lords and landlords , in the heat of the struggle between these two factions . The existence of a mass of misery , utterly disgraceful to a great , wealthy , and civilized nation ; and that , too , existing among the very clas 3 whose labours create that wealth , sustain that greatness—was proved beyond a doubt . To this fact we pin them both . Will Corn Law Repeal , in connection with the present mode of employing machinery and distributing wealth , remove it ? That 1 * 3 the real point at issue , and to that we shall keep . A short time will show who are the quacks and impostors—who are the ignorant and deluded , in this matter

      If a reduction to four days a week , or a reduction of five per cent , on the wages of the operatives , is the only alternative left to the manufacturers of Lancashire in their very flush of victory , what are the consequences likely to be when the system comes into full play , and when , stimulated by the madness of gain , the capitalists of all countries pit machine against machine , each struggling to pooduce most largely and at the lowest cost ? In this there is no salvation for the working classes . Their redemption from toil and poverty must come through other channels . Moral and not . political economy must become the textbook of their rulers , b efore a just , humane and really beneficial course of legislation can be entered upon .

      The existing state of things in tlie manufacturing districts , has caused our Protectionist cotemporariea to anticipate the accession of the working classes to their ranks . They expect , that tho se of the labour class who ever did join the Leaguers will now ba coatiaced of the absurdity of Free Trade , and the value of protection to native industry . *• " l'kank you . for , nothing" ia our reply .

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      The working classes always rated at its true north the League version of Free Trade . They heed no undeceiving on that point . But , Messieurs Protectionists , " native industry" did not flourish so well under your auspices aa to induce them again to put the management entirely into your hands . If you like to work with us for a real protection to " native industry , " welcome ; if not , we will do without you . Once emancipated from the yoke of a landed aristocracy , we are not fools enough to permit them to put it on again . Another

      struggle remains—the effort for freeing labour , from its subjection to capital . It is the parent of capital , and muBt not be parricidally treated by its offspring . Inthewerds of Thomas Carlyle , "Labour must become a seeing rational giant , with a toul in the body of him , and take his place on the throne of things . " To advance him to that supremacy , to enable him to establish a genuine system of protection for industry , we work . But our motto is "onward , " and it the protectionists cannot follow us they must be left behind .

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      RETROSPECT OF THE SESSION . There is a seed time and a harvest in the political as well as in the physical world . But the labourer who casts into the bosom of society the seeds of future political harvests , requires to be sustained by a loftier and more unfaltering faith than the tillers of our fields . A short time suffice ? to bring up , ripen , and gather the fruits of their labours , whereas the political husbandman rarely , if ever sees the fruition of his toils , which , " after many days , ' ' ripen only for posterity .

      When Adam Smith and David Hume were corresponding from opposite sides of the Frith of Forth about the book then composing by tbe first-named philosopher , and since so well known under the title of " The Wealth of Nations , " it could scarcely have entered into the imagination of either , that in the year 1846 the leading dogmas of that work should have so penetrated the minds of the ruling classes of Great Britain as to have effected an entire change in our commercial and financial system .

      Yet so it is . We have just finished the legislative harvest of the seed then sown . Peel , C ' obden , and Russell have been but working instruments in the hands of the Scotch professor , " who , being deatf , yet liveth" in them . Huskisson and others , many years ago , reaped here and there a scattered patch of ground , bearing the same kind of crop , but it was reserved for this session to complete the work so far as Great Britain is concerned . If the indications abroad may be trusted , there will be in due season the same harvest gathered in all European nations .

      A change so great in the policy of a nation , which , by its immense resources , gigantic machinery , ceaseless industry , and restless traders , has formed connections with , and more or less powerfully influences the condition of , mankind under every variety of soil , climate , and government , would , of itself , be sufficient to stamp 1846 as a memorable year in

      the annals of Parliament ; but when it is remembered under what auspices that Parliament was elected , the principle which the majority of its members were pledged to uphold , and the avowed protective and conservative policy of the leader of a majority of one hundred members , the event becomes all the more striking and pregnant with inferences as to the future .

      Making every allowance for the fact that the answer made by the electors to the appeal of the Whigs in 1841 was dictated as much by disgust at their imbecile , extavagant , and tyrannical official career , as by any other cause ; it is undeniable that at that period a very large proportion of all classes believed more or less firmly in the doctrine of protection to native industry . Even

      the cheap Corn , Timber , and Sugar " cry' of the expir ing Ministry rested upon that basis . Russell was in principle quite as much a Protectionist as Peel , the only difference between them was as to the amount of protection required , and the manner of levying it . The one advocated a fixed duty , the other a sliding scale : in principle they agreed , in detail only they differed .

      Had the Whigs proved victorious , Free Trade would not yet have been triumphant . With the facility for making large professions and incapability of devising comprehensive measures , which haa ever distinguished them as a party , they would have proved a stubborn obstacle in the way of the League . That association owed many a powerful

      recruit to the fact , that Hussell and his party sat on the shady side of the Speaker ' s chair , and the comprehension of Russell himself was no doubt thereby rendered much more acute . But for that , the letter to the citizens of London last November , which precipitated the events of the late session , would have been yet unwritten , and the old regime might have been maintained a little longer .

      As it was , the Government of the country was thrown into the hands of a Minister , who , if not possessed of those intellectual qualities which constitute genius , possesses the perhaps equally important faculty of adapting to practice the theories and abstract conceptions of more original minds . He felt that he was entrusted with the destiny of a wide extended empire , at a most critical and transitional period , that the old landmarks of party and of sectional interests were no longer sufficient for the guidance of the statesman . Their foundations were loosened ; the dry-rot infected them

      throughout ;—their day and usefulness had passed . The old and time-honoured maxims of political wisdom , which had served for the management of an empire , with two-thirds our present population , and scarcely a thousandth part of our present productive power , had become antiquated and obsolete . A living creed and philosophy was imperatively needed to take the place of these " dry bones . " What should it be ? What , under the constitution of England and the prevailing tendencies of those classes , who , by the possession of the franchise ultimately govern it , was the practical—the most utilitarian course to adopt .

      Such was the problem which Sir R . Peel had to solve on his last accession to power . His first Tariff was his answer to the question . He found Free Trade the ripest of all public agitations . He found it espoused by those classes who , from their wealth , activity , and intelligence , naturally exercise great influence on public opinion , and with that caution which distinguishes the whole of his policy , he began ( to use an expression of his own , many years ago , when introducing the Metropolitan Police Bill ) " to grope his way . "

      Three years' practical experience of the working of his own measures , and extended observation , compar ison , and reflection , convinced him that he ought to adopt completely the commercial and social principle on which he had bceu cautiously experimenting , and he did so with a heartiness and determination no less unusual in him , than indicative of the earnest and deep sincerity of his convictions on the subject . The result has been , that the session just closed has been one of the most eventful in itself , and the most pregnant with future consequences of any to be found in the whole history of the British Parliament . It has been , like one of Sliakspearc ' s

      inimitable plays , a drama of action and of lofty thoughts combined . From the 21 st of January , when Peel made that disclosure of his intended nolicv , at the commencement of the debate on the address , which took away the breath of hi hearers and struck the world with surprise ; down to the 21 st of August , when the new leader of the country party disclosed a piece of secret political history , which made the Whig occupants of the ' reasury bench start round towards , hiia as if they

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      « a ( i bec - n galvanised , and at the closed his narra . tive draw a breath s ' uch ' as . men might do when told that they have been unconsciously sitting on a mine of gunpowder , with the train laid-during the Whole Of that seven months the stage was occupied by actors and events of the most interesting nature . Either for what was done , or what was indicated the debates

      , , however long , or , it might be thought by some , irre levant , were worthy of the Legislature of a great nation , and ( with few exceptions ) in keeping with the importance of the topics discussed . In saying this , bowever , it must not be under-Stood that we attach that importance to the Com Bill or the Sugar Bill which the literal devotees and £ . s . d . disciples of Free Trade are accustomed to do . We are prepared to admit , that the existence of

      a variety of soil , climate , and consequently of productions , leads to the inference that nations should be mutually dependent upon each , other for what they can each produce most easily and of the best description . But there should be appended to this now common-place axiom an important addition , which the so-called Free Trade party seem to have lost sight of , or perhaps never knew , namely , that mutually beneficial exchanges can only take place between nations when they exchange the turplut of their respective peculiar productions , after their own population have been fully supplied with them . The exportation of the staple articles ol human sub .

      sistence , or of clothing , while hunger and raggedness exist among a people who thus send away the very things they need , is an irrational and monstrous course of procecdure . If each country has more of its peculiar products than it needs , exchange the surplus by all means , and thus enable each to participate in the advantages which the diversity of soi ! and climate are calculated to confer . But such exchanges ought not to be made on the wretched

      huxtenng principle of "buying in the cheapest and selling in the dearest market ; " that much vaunted and now current doctrine , which , in the eyes of many , seems the ne plus ultra of commercial wisdom , is the principle of a pedlar , not of national commerce . Till the miserable chicanery and low morality it involves is discarded by nations in their dealings with each , ' other , justice and truthfulness will be strangers to them , and the peace and harmony prophesied by some parties as the result of

      Free Trade measures , will prove but a chimera of the imagination . An honest exchange of equivalents , that is of articles on which an equal amount of capital and labour has been expended , is the only rational or equitable mode of conducting the exchanges of the world , and the contrary principle , no matter how often it may be advocated or how high the reputation of those who do so , is , after all , mere raillowner and shopkeeping morality . Its practice is gambling with other men ' s labour , and its

      consequences must always be such as result from acting in contravention to the great moral laws which regulate the universe . With nations as with individuals —Honesty is the best policy . To give full effect to the Free Trade measures passed during the' Session , it is requisite that statesmen and merchants should learn these obvious truths and act upon them , before even the limited benefits which will directly accrue from these measures can be realized .

      The true value of the Corn Bill and the Sugar Bill lies not so much in what they will effect directly as the manner in which their settlement bears on other more important and radical questions . We regard them more in the light of indexes of great changes accomplished , or to be effected , than as great measures in themselves . They herald the near extinction of that territorial feudalism among us , of which Corn Laws were , and Promogeniture is , among the last relics . From one species of serfdom we are now all but free . The prestige of invincibility has departed from the landlord class , and they will never again regain it .

      The settlement of the great controversy which lias for many years been waged between the Mill-owner and the Landowner , will also have the effect of dissipating a gross delusion shared in by many otherwise well-informed persons . Low wages , squalid abodes , rags and poverty , were all paraded as the effects of a monoply in Food , tiie vicious effects of the vicious principle of Protection . Low wages , wretehed dwellings , dirt , squalor , famine , and disease , exist among us still ; but they can no longer be attributed to the wrong cause . That is something gained . In the coming enquiry , as to what is the real cause , the Landlords are out of the quarrel , so far as their monopoly is concerned . How will it fare with the Mill-lords—the Money-lords .

      Time will show . But , if we augur rightly from the effect of the session , the dominance of any classinterest which stands in the way of general happiness is doomed to destruction . The men who so lustily warred against the long-established interests of the Landlord , on the ground that they were an injury to the community at large , cannot possibly

      defend any privileges in their possession , when it is demonstrated that they are equally , if not more , subversive of the public welfare . In the struggle that must come between Capital and Labour , the point at issue will be clearly denned . We do not doubt as to the result . The change we have made this session , as to our mode of conducting trade with other countries , heralds a much greater change in our mode of treating Max .

      Though other measures of importance were passed or discussed during the session , yet it is by the Corn and Sugar Acts that it will in future be best known ; and as laying the foundation of a new commercial lystem , by which it will exercise an important influence on coming generations . It is , therefore , unnecessary for us , in this general survey of its leading characteristics , to allude to minor subjects . Never did a session close more hopefully for the people . The old parties are broken up , without the slightest chance of reuniting . The greatest statesman of the day is absolved from the fetters which

      formerly prevented him from pursuing that onward and upward path , which secures prosperity to nations , and undying fame to him who treads it . Despite of the malevolence of those from whom he has severed himself , and of the ifl-conceafed spite and detraction of his political rivals , he stands higher in the estimation of the country than any other Minister in this country ever did before . In the unexampled sacrifice of power , place , and friends , for the purpose of acting upon a conscientious

      conviction—in the calm , determined , but cautious bearing which he displayed throughout the long and trying debates upon his policy—in the progressive , and even expanding views enunciated by him , and especially in the memorable speech in which he bade farewell to the House in his capacity of Ministerin all these the people see that they have now got what they never had before—a statesman untrammelled by parties , ready to do the will of enlightened public opinion , and able practically to execute its behests .

      Great and difficult are the tasks before us . The political enfranchisement of the millions must be achieved . Knowledge must take the place of . Ignorance ; Morality be substituted for Crime ; Health for Disease , and Plenty for Poverty . Political , Eilu .-cational , and Sanatory measures , all press fdr . settlement . That they can be effectively grap ' plcu with by the party now in power , we do not bel . ieve . And we cannot think that the nation will lor , g submit to see Sir It . Peel exiled from office , and the power of devoting his vast administrative caps' oilities to the advancement of its l / est interests , He must , ere long , return to office , as the People * ' s Minister .

      To replace him in that position fr Om which he was driven by a shameful coalition of opposing political parties , will add another to tb . e triumphs of that Sovereign which henceforth v rftuall y rules England .

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      Public opinion changed the Protectionist Parliament of 1840 , into a Free Trade one in 1846 . It will ere long change the Reformed House of Commons , into a real representation of the people . That is the next step to be taken ; and that achieved , a solid and broad foundation will be laid , upon which all other reforms may be securely based . We cannot better close these observations , than

      by the following quotation from Thomas Carlyle , written in 1843 ; it possesses that truth and applicability to the present moment , which characterizes the production of genius and profound research into the causes and remedies of social and political evil — "Trade never so well freed , and all Tariffs settled or abolished , and supply and demand in full operation , let us all know that we have yet done nothing , that we have merely cleared the ground for doing .

      Yes—were the Corn Laws ended to-morrow , there is nothing yet ended , there is only room made for all manner of things beginning . The Com Laws gone , and trade made free , it is as good as certain this paralysis of industry will pass away . We shall have another period of commercial enterprise , of victory and prosperity , during which it is likely much money will be made , and all the people may , by the extant methods , still for a space of years be kept alive and physically fed . The strangling hand of famine will be loosened from our necks ; we shall have room again to breathe , time to bethink ourselves , repent and consider ! A precious , and thrice precious space of years , wherein to struggle as for life

      in reforming our foul ways , in alleviating , instructing , regulating , our people . Seeking as for life , that sonic thing like spiritual food be imparted them , some real governance and guidance be provided them ! It will be a priceless time . For our new period or paroxysm of commercial prosperity will , and can , on the old method of competition and devil-take the hindmost , prove but a paroxysm—a new paroxysm , likely enough , if we do not use it better , to be our last . In this of itself is no salvation ; if our Trade in twenty years flourishing , as never trade flourished , could double itself—yet then also , by the " old Laissezfaire" method , our population is doubled ; we shall then be as we are , only twice as many of us , twice , and ten times as unmanageable . "

      Untitled Article

      PER MR . O'CONNOR . SECTION No . 1 . 8 HABE 8 . £ I . d . Halifax , per C . W . Smith i 10 6 Ely , per II . Aungter .. .. .. .. 1 14 8 Alva , per J . Robertson .. .. .. 2 H 2 Bucup , per J . llawson .. .. ., 4 1 ) 0 Dodhurst Brow , per J , Bowden .. .. 0 13 0 Cripplegate , per J . E . Cartwright .. .. 2 3 10 Devizes , per W . Bond .. ,. ... 15 6 Cheltenham , per T . Ulutt .. .. .. 0 16 O Norwich , pur J . Hurry ., .. ., 2 0 I ) Rochdale , per E . Mitchell .. .. .. 200 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. .. ., 090 Dewsbury , per J . Rouse .. .. .. 5 II ) 4

      Plymouth , per E . Robertson „ .. ., 1 U 6 Newcustle-on-Tyne , per M . Jude ,. .. 2 18 6 Darlington , per W . Carlton ,. „ .. 0 18 3 Buiton , per E . tlogkimon u » u I 6 Q Manchester , per J . Murray .. „ .. 2 0 0 Northampton , per W . Munday .. .. 0 1 ' 2 0 Stockport , per T . Woodliouso .. .. fi 0 0 Preston , per J . Brown .. .. .. t 6 (» Leicester , per Z . Astill .. .. ,. 1 0 o Ashton-uniler-Lyno , per E . Hobsou .. .. 4 4 6 Leeds , per W . Brook .. .. .. .. 8 . o o Sheffield , per G . Cavill 3 15 1 Todmorden , per J . Mitchell .. .. .. 260 Njwport , per J . Williams .. .. .. 394 Newark-ou-Trent , per W . Walton .. .. 0 15 0

      £ 67 , 2 i SECTION No . 2 . 8 HABI 8 . Lynn , per W . Bunton .. .. .. .. 1 5 C Lancaster , per J . Harrison 2 0 0 Halifax , per C . W . Smith .. .. .. 1 13 6 Ely , per A . Aungier .. .. .. .. 0 3 i Alva , per J . Robertson ,. . .. 0 13 8 James Smith , Accrington .. .. .. 2 li i Denny , per J . Cameron ,. .. .. 1 ]« 8 L > -nt \ , per J . Scott .. 1 19 8 Jlalstead I 18 0 Baeup , per J . Mawaon .. .. .. 100 Dodhurst Brow , per J . Bowden .. .. 1 1 G Wolverhumpton , per J . Steward .. .. 18 4 Tcignmquth , per J . Edwards ,. .. .. 3 19 0 Norwich " , per A . Bagsliaw „ .. .. 113 0

      Oldhiim , per W . Hainer „ .. .. 2 0 0 Cheltenham , per T . Ulett 2 0 fi Rochdale , per E . Mitchell 3 0 0 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. .. .. 5 18 6 Dewsbury , per J . Rouse .. ,. .. 6 0 8 Plymouth , per E . Robertson „ „ .. 0 * 4 JJewciislle-on-Tyne , per 11 . Juda .. .. 10 2 Bolton , per E . llodgkinson ' 2 18 6 Northampton , per U \ Munday „ ., 3 8 0 Stockpurt , per T . Woodhouso .. .. 2 0 0 Ilollinwood , per J . Rayner .. .. .. 0 8 o Preston , per < f . Brown .. .. .. 5 16 2 Clayton West , per E . Evans „ .. „ 2 5 C Ashton-under-Lyne , per E . llobson .. .. 3 3 8 Sheffield , per G Cavill 3 2 6 Todmorden , per J . Mitchell .. ,. .. 5 i 0 Swindon , per 1 ) . Morrison .. .. .. 5 0 0 Bradford , per J . Alderson .. .. ., 500 Torquay , per It . II . Putt .. .. ,. 544 Newark on-Trent , per W . Walton «• .. l 8 o £ 83 2 4

      ¦ HB ^ HBV PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SECTION No . 1 . SHADES . £ 8 . d . £ 9 . ( 1 . Lambeth . - 3 18 6 Staleybridge . 500 Sudbury - - 1 2 0 Ashford , G . UcdfcrnO 4 5 Whittington and Limehouse - - 0 17 0 Cat - - - 6 19 4 Wellingborough - 1 !) 4 Butterley - - 8 14 6 Ovendeu - - 0 5 0 Leicester ( per' Colne - - - 0 17 3 Adams ) - -18 6 Reading - 0 8 6 South Shields - 2 0 0 Liverpool - - 0 la 0 _ £ 25 16 1 SECTION No . 2 . """""""" Thomas Heads . 022 Butterley - - 3 4 4 Wm . Childs - - 0 1 4 Market Lavington 8 4 0 Mr . Topp - - 0 10 0 G . Brooks - - 0 10 0 Lynn - - - 1 In 2 J . Skelton and J . Wolverhampton - 1 4 8 Partridge - - 0 2 C Timothy Roach - 0 2 0 Silsden , II . Mitchell 0 1 6 Mold , per Hughes 0 4 0 Limehouse - - 5 G 4 F . York - - 0 1 0 Sidney Row - - 1 7 6 John Morris - 0 1 o J . Miller , GranthamO 1 4 J . P . Rodburn . 0 1 2 J . Stephcnsou , Norwood , J . Swaf- Cullen - - 0 1 0 : field - - - 0 6 O AVilliam Lester - 0 L > C G . Worthy , Helper 0 10 0 Reading - - 8 11 V > Mr . I ' attison . 026 Hull - - - 0 o 10 Whittington and Mr . Haruey - - 0 4 0 Cat - - - 7 15 8 H . Chancellor , Yarmouth- - 2 10 0

      £ 41 3 4 TOTAL LAND FOND . Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 1 ... 67 2 4 Mr . Wheeler „ „ ... 25 10 4 £ 93 IS 8 Mr . O'Connor , Section No . 2 ... 88 2 4 Mr . Wheeler , „ ,, ... 41 5 4 £ 129 1 8 The £ -i 17 s . 2 d . announced in the Star of Aug . 22 nd , from Croydon , should have been n'om Mr . vVillium Strooil , Rochester . The sum of Us . lOd . from Croydun was ouiitt'jd . Thouas Mautin Wheeler , Secretary . FOB HR . FKOOT .

      PEtt MR . O ' CONNOR . Cheltenham , por T . Ulctt .. .. ., 100 Rochdale , yw j > . W . C . Melbourne .. .. 0 * . i > A few friends at Rippendale . per do . .. .. 0 to . H RECEIPTS Ol' NATIONAL SMARTER ASSOCIATION PSK ( 1 ENBD&& SECRETARY . Sudburj - - 0 I G Cat - - . 030 James Swaffidd , Lamberhead-greoa 0 2 o Norwood ! - . 009 ' Swansea - - 0 1 6 Whittington and FOB . SONYENTIOW . Glasgow . - 0 31 1 fo& ua . frost . Swansea / ier Cudlhv - - - - - -016

      VETERAN , OilPUAN , AND . VICTIM VISND . Rsudiiig ^ ti > purch A »» shares in » Ue Land Society ) Oil 3 TiaoMiS MartinWuEF . urii . Secretary .

      Untitled Article

      " The Ciiabtist Estate . "—In reply to several corm pomlcnts I beg to say that the engraving of the Chartiat Estuto will be executed upon steel , bj the very best artfst , and w : ll be printed upon the very bust paper , and finished in tbe best style , and will bo a mach larger size that the ' petition | . Ute , » and fully double the size of the large portraits of Oastler , 0 Counor and Stephens . In fact our readers mnr restaasured that it will be 8 uch an engraving as \ ill doju 9 ticeto the subscriburs , and credit to the avttst . 1 must add that there never were such plates gi aa with a newspaper as those given with the Slur , and that the expense entailed ujion me br agents not taking the number ordered bus amouiite . l to nearly £ 2000 ; . au < i therefore no more of tbe promised plata

      will be supplied than what is subscribed for . Y . 0 0 . Thomas Bolter , Chipping Norton . —Apply to Mi-, l ' . At . Wheeler , 83 , Dean-street . Solio , London , where you can learn all JOU want to know , as that gentleman is secretary to the HOciety . j . s . The song "People's First Estate" is reduced to one halfpenny eacb , and can be obtained of T . M . Wheeler , 83 , Dean-9 tre 9 t . J . Sweet would feel obliged by the delegate for Westminster to the late Convention , returning him a letter entrusted to his care as early as possible . Northeen Subs Wanting —18 U—April 13 th , No . S 35 ; 1815—Sfurcli lfitii , No . 383 ; 1845-June 21 st , No . 307 ; 184 C—January 24 th , No 428 . If any of my friends can oblige me with enpies of the above dates I will return them the value in any shape they may desire .

      G . Julian Habmbt . Address to the Northern Star OffiVe Mb . w . Cakctii , Kilmnruock . —Hitherto we have not betn able to ascertain the cause of the non-delivery of the Northern Slav of the 22 nd ult . We po 3 ted tha parcel nt the usur . l time . Mr . J . M . Ainsii , Cnetf . — Our charge is 5 s . Gd . per quarter . The agents rub themselves it" your statement bo correct rapeutiiiK the fatours conferred oo " the people of Alva and Tillicoultrv . "

      Mr . II . Oliver , Bishop Aukllind As we do not supply the agi-nt from whom he procures his papi-rs , we cannot forward the pfotea . The agent mutt write to the London publisher with whom he does l ; Ustn < -ss . A St . Andrew ' s Ciiarti 3 t The notioe of the " accident" was too old for insertion , it should have betn for » warded at k'ust a week somi > r . We shall bo glad to hear from our correspondent occasionally , i ! r . BREvvt-RTos , Greenwich . —We have spoke with tha agent on the Eubjt'ct alluded to . All will be right . You will have them in a day or tn-o .

      Untitled Article

      Coroner , utld ; m inquest late < m Monday ni » ht , at Guy ' s Hospital , respecting the death of Joseph Dowdy , a » ed fifteen years , whose friends reside at Lynn , Norfolk . From theevidenee of several witnesses , it appeared that the deceased was a sailor bny , employed on board the brig Edward , of Norfolk . On the morning of Friday last the vessel was ma < lei'astat Cotton ' s Whart , Tooley-street , Southwark , with a heavy cargo of slate , intended for one of t !; e London markets . Everything beiny in readine .-s thy crew commenced the unshipment of the ^ cods . The deceased was standing on the deck near the lioh' , from which place they had just raised a ton weight ofsktf , by the means of a crane , when some portion of the machinery » ave way , causing the whole ponderous mass to fall on the deceased , whereby he was precipitated to the bottom of the vessel , where it again fell upoa him , and completely flattened lib b dy . The poor fullow was extricated as soon as possible , and was found to be still alive , but in a dreadfully mutilated > Ute . He was removed with the utmost speed to tha above ho-piial , where he expired on Saturday after * noon . The Jury returned a verdict of "Accidental death . "

      Tkottjso Extbaordwaby . —On Monday the match in which Mr . JcuUb , of trotting notoriety , undertook to drive his brown uob in harness nine mius and a half within half an hour of the time of startirg came off between Ilounsiow and Slough . In the hama match he further undertook ti beat Johnny lirnome ' a ( the pugilist ) marc in the same distance , and « iv ! ng 11 or three and a half minutes' start , the stakes being fifty sovereigns aside for each match . The match excited a great deal of interest n the trotting circles , and attracted a great many sporting men , atxi after % good deal of betting , the start was m : < de . Mr . Jenks'a cob came in at the winning maik before Oroome's mare , and covered the nine and a halt miles of road in 29 minutes and 52 seconds , a feat unprecedented in the records of trotting . An objection was made that die cob did not trot fairly , but was a scrambling gallop , and the affairs remain in dispute .

      Thk Poiatoe Markets . —On Saturday there wa 3 agood supply .-it the Metropolitan markets , in the vicinity of which those , of even the best Quality , might be obtained at two pounds fur Id . This cheapness in price was owing to the anxiety of the growers to dispose of their stocks at once , iutheapprchcnsioa of their speedy assumption of the disease , one great peculiarity in that of tbe present season Ix'injj : the quick decay of the root without any previous indication . At the environs of the metropolis no good I otatoes were to be obtained under five-farthings and even three halfpence per pound , a price unpra oedented for this early season .

      A Tea-Party Poisoxkd . —The practice of making the best teapot a repository for small articles wa 3 nearly productive of a fatal result on Sunday evening last it appears that Mr . Chappeil , a carpenter , residing in the Cheltenham Road , his wife , and four friends , had been taking tea together , when one of the party complained of sickness in the stomach ; almost at the snm 2 moment tn-o of tbe others likewise felt unwell , and a fourth was seizsd with vomiting . It suddenly occurred to one of them to look into the teapot , when to her surprise she discovered a packet of a substance , labelled " Butler ' s Fly and Insect Killer" —poison . They all became alarmed , espectallv when Mrs . Chappeil remembered on the instant that she had placed the said packet , some fevr weeks previously , in the trapot out of the way of her grandchild , and had forgotten to take it ont whea

      she made the tea , not haying even rinsed out the teapot . A person lodging in the house , hearing some confusion , came into the room , and finding that poison of some sort had been taken by every one of them , and that they were all more or less affected by it , immediately ran off for a medical man . Mr . Bartley , surgeon , of Stoke ' s-croft , was fortunately at home , and on arriving at the house administered to each a powerful emetic , and afterwards nuttVo ( e 3 , and continued with them until nearly ten o ' clock . The remedies used were successful , ami , witli the exception of Mrs . Chappell , who is still suffering from the effects of the poison , as well as from much mental anxiety , as being the innocent cause of the accident , the other parties arc convalescent . Mr . Bartley , it appears , tested the contents of the paper , anil found that it contained arsenic— -Felix Furley ' s Bristol Journal .

      Skrious Coach Accidbmt . —Ovi Sunday no less than five stage coaches , heavily laden with passengers , came from Leeds , via Wakefield to Btirnsley , it being the annual feast there . 0 n the conveyance : ) reaching the Woodman Inn , which is about a mile from Barnsley , two or three of them were stopped for tho purpose of giving the horses some oatmeal and water . On stanine auain , the one which was drove by Randall had an accident , onu- of the hinder wheels breaking completely to pieces , by which the coach fell on it < broad side , throwim : the pass ngere down upon the road in all directions . A youim tuaa called Basliford , son of Mr . Bashfonl , siiurniiiker . Shambles-street , Barnsley , leaped oSF as tiiv coach . \ v ; iS £ <) ifi £ ( loivn , an < J { : ot very taut-ii cue abi > nt the face and hands- A female , of the name of Ashworth , fell partly under the coach , thu ( looruf wiu ' cli flying open , caught her leg and fractured it- Fortunately none of the other passengers were much injured . —leech Intelligencer .

      Untitled Article

      Distressing Suicide . —On Tuesday , Mr . W ' ufetey , M . I' ., Coroner , held an iuqaest ii , the drawing-ronm of No . la , Brumpton-crescent , Brompiun . the residenceof Mr . George-Arnold , on the Wly of that gentleman , aged 56-, who committed suicwJa on the night of Friday last . It appeared from the evidence goneinto , that the deceased hud for- whiuat twenty jeari earned on an extensive and respectable business , as& cabinet maker and upholsterer , in Miehael's-pUes * Bwmipton , from which , having nwinsseil consiili r : vbl «> property , he retires ! at the coiKweuct-meni of . Inly last ,, and removed to the abov «> house , which w ; i » hii freehold property , vrhero Miss Beerc , one of hia neices , resided with him , Mr * .. Arnold hnving died about sevea month * since . Or , the 7 th of JulyJ-u « t

      after his » eHiov ,-i | , Mr . ( lunuinx , the solicitor ,, drew up the deceased ' s will , in which he left his property greatly to the satisfaction oi" 5 m family , whuh consisted of two brothers and tws > neices . Since his retirement from businesj , ; i great alteration was noticed by his friends , in both his appearance and sunner ? , but not snlueient to excite alarm in their minds . On Thursday lie spent the evening at the house of his other ticice , Mrs . lluline <> , Xi > . 3 b' , Tlmrloe-square , Bronpton , whose hu . tbamt , alter deceased ' s departure , noticed his altered apiicamncc to his wife . On Friday afternoon Miss Ueere was sent by the deceased to town with some hisinc-s papers , and on her return home , between eight aiui nine o'clock in the evening , she was tumble ' to obtain ;

      nlmittiince . ' ¦ Alter waiting sumo time she fetched Mr . llolmes , who , with a policmnat :, returned to tlie hou 9 i * , and an entrance having been t tfW-te ' . l ilecensed was found in a back washhotiso quite dead , with h ' s throat cut , a looking-glass before him . and a mor and two penknives near him , all marked with blood . Mr . Edward Pollanl , surgeon , of Brompton-Miuare , was immediately called in , but human assistance was of no avail , the body Wing cold . No cause wliBUver could be assigned tor the commission o » tliomsli net . Verdict " Deci'jisnl I'ietl by his own act , but us tothestateofhismind . atthc time , there was no evidence shown . " 'i'i'e distressing event has caused ouito a sensation throughout tlu neighbourhood of Bropipton , where deceased waa highly respected .

      Receipts Of The Chartist Co-Ofekative Land Society.

      RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OFEKATIVE LAND SOCIETY .

      Untitled Article

      and Irihk Soaos . — On Wednesday evening M ' - . PoJiham repeated his entertainment consisting of Scottish ausj Irish songs ' , with descriptive illustrations and pianoforte accompaniment , in Crossby Hall , Bishopsgate . The selection was a pleasing one . We had old-established favourites pleasantly blendei ! with some more recent compositions from the gifted Wm , Tliom , of Invemvy . " The Mitheiiess Bairn " and the " llamcless Ha ' , " two well known productions of the weaver ban ) , were sang in admirable Btylc . Mr . Denham gave us a favourable specimt-n of his own mental powers in the double capacity oi ' poet and musician in a sweet ballad "The Blue Braes" and in a light pleasing ditty entitled " Bonnie Jeanie Gixemc . " The lecture portion of the entertainment was very interesting and crcditnblo to this new and very deserving candidate for popular favour . The audience very warmly testified their hi ^ h appreciation of the merits of the artiste

      Eotittitiete ;# Cmi?$Pntjfnt&

      Eotittitiete ; # CMi ? $ pntJfnt&

      Untitled Article

      September 5 , 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 5

      1. M» Dksh\M * S Musical Lectures On Scottish

      1 . M » Dksh \ m * s Musical Lectures on Scottish

      Frightful Death Cf A Boy.—Mr. Payne, Tha

      Frightful Death cf a Boy . —Mr . Payne , tha

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 5, 1846, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1382/page/5/