Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 5th September 1846, Edition 1 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

Page 7
Page 7
7 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (3)
    • ffomw -midcrllanp*'-'
    • fovtim iHobrment^ ^ ^
    • SiupwiiKCiv —On tho mornhiL' of Thursday lasu
  • Text (16)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Article

      JI AndI will war , at least in wenb , ( And— -should my chance » o happen—deeia , ) TFith all who war with ThoneW !" " « think I Wr * little Wri , who singJ The people bjand by will be the stronger . "—Btbox . REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . SO . TIIL Circumstances compel us to defer till next week the continuation of the " 2 fcwktf < ww o / J ?«« fa , " ia the meantime we give the following extracts : —

      MILIFARY DRILL IN RUSSIA . Several of the riders were looking anxiously at the leaping bar , and counting the number of holes at which it was placed , with trepidation , when the < Jrand Duke , to their otter discomfiture , caused it to be raised several pegs higher . 'Now , ' said the Grand Duke to one of his aides < le-camp . ' I think that will do—go and try it . ' Monseignenr !* replied the colonel aide-de-camp , in an accent of involuntary supplication , 'it is rather

      iig hr WhaU dog . whose mother I hare defiled ! ' roared £ onstantine—and the aide-de-camp , dreading more ¦ th e wrath of the Prince than the barrier , at once spurred his horse at it ; but , in the first place , it was too high for his horaa to rise to , and , in the next , he was too nervous to lift him . so that the animal turned short round . The Grand Duke jumped in an instant on his charger , which a soldier held feside him , and leaping backwards and forwards over the bar , he came op to the colonel , and spat full in his face .

      'There / he roared , 'is it too high ? Go to the turracka , hoand—a month ' s arrest . ' * 1 hive erred . ' repeated the colonel with humility ; sun , watchins till the Grand Duke's head waa turned , to wipe the spittle from his face , he sneaked off to the place of arrest . Constautine now ordered another of the riders to take the barrier , who , although he was tossed about on the saddle , gained sneh desperate energy from the terrors of the Grand Duke behind him , that he . forced his horse to clear it . Put up the bar a pest higher . * And , on a signal made , another unfortunate officer advanced to attempt the leap ; but his band conveyed a tremulous motion to the rein—once , twice , thrice , his horse refused it . 'Dash np asainstit ; spur him at it ' . ' thundered the Grand Duke .

      The terrified rider spurred his horse , and the animal stopped suddenly short , flinging him over its liead . Oh , the foal V said the Grand Duke ; a month ' s ¦ arrest . . Now , get on asain . * But he could not hold the bridle ; hi 3 left arm was ' Take him away , I am glad of it ; I wish it wai iianecki Tut up the bar apes higher . Now , you , Sir , set upon that horse and take him over . ' And thuVnalf-a dozen horsemen were forced successively to attempt the leap , till they were thrown , or their horses thrown down , or the men injured against the barrier .

      _ At length it came to the turn of the two degraded E * n . Tiie Duke hid caused the bar to bs so consisntlv raised that there seemed no chance of being ab ' e to leap it . But , if the barrier was before , the thander of Constautine ' s voice was behind them . lbs exendet first attetnoted , or feigned an attempt , of the futility of which be was beforehand persuaded , for his hor-e refused the leap . By thu time the Grand Duke was farious . " Take him op t « it with more life , hound ; use the spur ! Dash I'm to atoms against it ! Break all his cursed bones ¦ xd vour own too , or I will have them broken ior

      But the rider , smarting under his degradation to the ranks , had turned dog « ed , and persisted in bringing his charger at a safe pace up to the leap . ' Gel off , devil's head V { Ckortovu yolovo , ) roared the Grand Duke . 'Begone to the guardhouse ; I award you five hundred lashes ! 2 f « iw you , * he continued to the ex-lieutenant : ' and if you don ' t take it , I have defiled your mother ! I will have both man and horse pricked over with lances . ' Tans admonished , the degraded officer , who wa 3 a good rider and well mounted , lifted his horse so energetically that he carried him to the other side of the barrier , though not indeed without grazing it ¦ with his feet . ' lie touched—he touched ! ' said the Grand Duke ; * bring him back / He leaped back . ' Now again , ' said Constantine . This time the horse fell headlong with his rider .

      * Put him to it again !* roared the Grand Duke . Bat all the desperate efforts of the ex-lieutenant , from whose nose and month the blood was streaming the while , seemed usable to determine the affrighted and perhaps injured animal to rise again . A t length the rider let the bridle reins drop in utter discouragement on the horse ' s neck . 1 Let me crave ten minutes' rest , Tour Imperial H-gones . ' Did my horse tonch when I leaped it V asked the Grand Duke . 'In the first place , the bar his since been raised maaypess ; in the nest , Your Highness is better SsounteJ , ' said the Lithuanian , growiag reckless . ' Oh ! h . 3 reasons with me , lie argues . Off your horse : to the barracka . Five hundred lashes with & 2 other . '

      TUE KNOUT . * Same idea of the exquisite torture inflicted by this 333-: dreadful instrument of Russian punishment may b ; firmed from the fallowing description of the weapon iiiif . aiia of its mode of application . The handle of the knout may be two feet long , a little 133 . -3 or less , to wliich is fastened a flit leather thong 3 ^) ai twice fae length of the handle , terminating with a lar ^ e copp ? r or brass ring ; to this ring is affixed a strip ofhideabont two inches broad , at the ring , and terminating at the length of about two feet , in a point : this is sssked in milk , aitd dried in the sun to make it harder , aa 1 should it fall , in striking the culprit , on the edge , it Kouia cut Jike a penknife . At every sixth stroke the tail is changed , a plentiful supply of these being always kept ready , and wrapped up with much greater caution and car / than the exerutwaer ' s children , and certainly kept j aacfa cleaner .

      The subjoin-d is an account of a knouting punishmint , as witnessed by an En ; lish traveller : — " A coach , maa—and , of coarse , a slave—of a nobleman , haring murdered his master , found means to escape , but he was taken at Xjvorgoroi brought back to Petersburg , and there sentenced to receive one hundred and fifty strokes ofthskrout , to have his foce marked with a hot iron , hii nostrils torn out , and , if he ' survived , to inhabit Siberia for the rest ofiiia life . The sentence was carried into execution iu ti : e following manner : —He was taken from the prison about nine o'clock in the morning , and caaiucted to the police office gate , whence ths police Bister , with the police guards on horseback , conducted lia to the place of execution , about two English miles .

      ta : fce-iit maikst beins at the end of the > eoski Perspective where such punishments are inflicted . There is fiawya S 4 me ceremony observed , common as these pnlsimrats are . and there w « re several police guards tc tkiriheway ; then came the head police master , atten-&i by several district police masters , and , after them , * detachment of police guards on horseback . Xext , surtt : » led Sy a number or the same guards on foot , walked ft * criminal , bareheaded , with fetters on his legs and iiudcuffed . He was a bearded peasant , dressed in the ! t' 2 g blue habit which is commonly worn , with striped PJstaloons . Behind him walked the two executioners , * ch ibe kaout * under their arms . When arrived at the &ee < , f « acecutum , a det achment of regular troops kept tisiEo ' j i-Iss . rofllieTjlocfc and Vu = u-ds upon which lie

      * - to he fastened . 'The dreadful ceremony began with a short prayer , fcia the culprit was stripped naked to his waist and laid & » n upon the board ; ! as neck was 3 trapj > c-d down to a S ^ are , as xztre his arais to blocks upon * ach side . The frit executioner , takins the knout , b ? gan by raising himfciion his toes at each stroke , taking , as it were , correct femee—at each blow wiping the blood off with his fc ^ rs from the thong-, observing on interval of two or t - " : e seconds between each stroke . After giving six biles , he was replaced by the oilier executioner , vhd ? l 7 s the same number as the former , thus changing ^ trv six cuts , and at each time taking fresh thongs . On J * = iTing the first stroke , the culprit shrieked violently ; kl nature soon gave way , and after six cats the criminal ** i aot asKght tremorof his fingere indicated life , might feiTi been believed -3 ead .

      On this occasion , the culprit wasimaMg to receive more ^ sa 5 > j lashes ; the executioners untied him , and raised & « on his Ics , the one held his hands behind the mm ' s lead to support it ; the other took fte marking iron , * -ij the letters Tor ( ihief ) cut thereon . This is com-Joja : ] of a numta * of iron spikes on a flat piece of wood , t * rc-se ! j i | le same as is used by rtpe-makers when they ** ir the hemp ; it was fixed in a round woo > len handle . s --ii 3 ng Uit handle with bis hand , the sharpened irons K -t driven to the wood , on the forehead and the two ft (* ks of the culprit . After that be took a pair of pin-CnN like sugar-nippers ; he put one side of them into the fc -isufl , smi the other the outside of the skin of the nose , *' -a with a violent jerk he tore out the nerve ; lie then 'tyrated the same operation on the other side , and the ^ ajinal ' s toriurc finished for that day . The poor devil * ii then placed in a . cart and cuudacted back to prison .

      Untitled Article

      I * This extract is nof taken from the work entitled I' it-relations of lUssia , " but is , we believe , by the same

      Untitled Article

      THE PRESS IN PRUSSIA ( From the Morning Chronicle . ) ¦ IIambubo , Aug . II , 1846 . Th « Prussian government is actin ? upon a strange and arbitrary principle , and it is impossible that the present discontent in Prussia can last lon <* without some awful demonstration . A short time ago the two important newspapers published in Bremenpapers with very liberal views and well-conductedwere prohibited from circulation in the Prussian dominions The editor of the Bremen Gazette wrote ana printed a reply ( which has not appeared yet in any paper ) , and circulated the same under cover to ail the subscribers to his paper in Prussia . I have obtained a copy , " wliicli I now enclose , and of which you can make use or nst , as you think proper Prussia has recently added another list of books to those that were previously proscribed , and altogether there appears to be something very rotten in that state at present : —

      "The veto which Prussia has launched against our journal , adds one ring more to the long train of incongruities winch all affairs relating to the press in Prussia generally present . In all times the maxims of this system have been quarantine laws , which enchain the free spirit of man , as fruitless in effect as they have been hateful in theory in the eyes of the people , who sse nothing in them but a want of self-confidence in the government , a want , too , o anything like a generous view of human affairs . Unhappily , these maxims are with us always the order of the day . One may reckon up the vetos on bonks by hundreds ; and whilst on every side the censorship is hnndted more stringently , there is one state

      which actually holds for insufficient the police and preventive maxims against the press , which are followed by others . While Prussia throws impediments in thq . way of the journals which are published in Austria , this last takes offence at the whole of the periodical press which is published in other parti of Germany , and especially forbids the Berlin journals : whilst Bavaria prevents the entry of a journal which actually is subsidised by the Prussian cabinet , and extends the same prohll > itfon to a journal which appears at the very si-at of the Confederation , Denmark takes good care to let but few periodical sheets enter llohtein , and Saxon journals are forbidden in Prussia .

      •• We , on our sale , shall hold our . -elves excused from offorias any justification for Prussia , because the Berlin Minuter of the Interior lias not thought fit until now to justify by any but very slight reasons Iris very strong measures . It pleased him to take summary measures asainst us , and to condemn us without ceremony . This much , however , is certain , that we on our side have always respected every legal order , and that our system of politics has always been based upon the actuality of circumstances , and that we hnve never lost sight of the consideration :-which decorum demands . If any one has auything tosav to the contrary , let him step forward and soeaK—let hiai put hi 3 complaints in shape if he has any to make , and we will answer him . Haughty silence proves nothing , and in our day there is not

      it mortal who believes in the infallibility of a cabinet . In a state which particularly prides itself on being supreme in intelligence above its neighbours , those whom they reckon their opponents ought to be combated with spiritual arm ? , and not with police regulations . In accordance with the public opinion of all Germany we could not accord any esteem to the so-called ' good press' conducted as it has been in Prussia , and we looked with joy to the announced Journal des Debate of BerHn . We hoped ouce for all and at last to meet with something like decorum and dignified discussion of public events from an organ of the government . Whenever , they began their career not with reasonings , but with prohibitions , then it is that we do not comprehend what purposes a government journal serves , when it tie 3 up the speech of other journals

      " The prohibition of the Bremen journal is > in direct opijosilion to the words which Frederick IV ., King of Prussia , uttered so clearly , ' that he loved an opposition founded on reason ; * these were the very words of the Kins ; and a ministerial proclamation repeated , on the 25 th of December , lSi 2 , the expression of the royal will , ' that neither opinions honourable , loyal , and liberal , when duly considered , nor freedom of words ought to be trammeled ; and that the field of public discussion , when truth was the object in the view , ought aslittle as possible to be encumbered . ' Our worst enemies will allow us , we hope , to have opini-jire and we trust that it will be

      impossible for them to bring proofs that our opinions are not honourable , not loyal , and not liberal . We are privileged to maiataia our positioii with respect to Prussia ; first , because it is the birthright ofever \ German born to forma judgment concerning German events ; s-oadly , because we have never overstepped the limits of the law ; and thirdly , because the written , spoken and printed will of the Prussian king gives us a right to do so , as clear as the sun at noon-day . We have made use of this right , and we have ever preserved in our judgment of public affairs a decent and modified tone : nevertheless there now comes this prohibition without the smallest

      motive . - # # "At the ead of tlieyear J 842 the AllremcineZzitung of Leipsig was forbidden in Prussia , because it was a " collection of He 3 , misrepresentations , mischievous suppositions upon Prussia and its government , and these notonly in ' speciaiparagriphs . but in its general t-ndency . " In the ministerial ordinance referring to ir , it was remarked that it was with the greatest unwillingness they found themselves forced to proscribe it : it ' vas only caused by exteptional circumstances .

      The ministry went on to say . that to everything which came under tlie domain of intellect and interchange of ideas and opinions , they wished as much as possible to give free circulation ; and for this reason they wished to have it understood that the unity of the German nationality should be developed more vitally and strongly . On the other hand , according to the ru'es which they have always followed until now , and which they still wi 3 h to follow , 'suchprohibitions are especially to be avoided ; ' and then the ordinance refers to the above-cited ordinance of the King of

      Prussia * * if " Ia the above-mentioned ministerial ordinance we see that it expresses a wish for the unity ot German nationality . That freedom of the press should punish no one for the expression of his opinions , would provone of this mo 3 t perfect levers of tb . 9 national strength . a lever that ought rather to be strengthened than weakened One must not look upon the pres 3 as a figure in the ombres Chinoisee , whose movements are to ^ beregu . ' ated by a thread , for the mind does not allow itself to bs put upon half-pay until it ia wanted for service . Whoever wishes to produce great results must not bs turned aside by slight impediments ; and especially he must not permit himself to give way to the maxim that the public mind need be directed by employees . The public mind may be guided , but it is

      only by free dhcussion and persuasion , not by prohibitions or ordinances of the police . This tutelage of the press is the greatest enemy of the unity of German nationality . It was this tutelage which forced the people to turn their regards upon England and France , and to institute a comparison between their circumstances and ours . The spirit of nationality Increased in Germany proportionably a 3 the freedom of the press . Now the press is sacrificed as the goat of expiation , and made to pay for the ofivuees and embankments which it bad r . o hand in producing . The consequence is , that the German people haa turned itself aside from the German pres * . bowed down as it is by the tyranny of th 3 pu ! ic > > , and gathers all its inspirations from EnjjLind , France , and North America . That the present reaction is at all profitable to German national spirit , uo oue will by any possibility

      imagine . # * * . " We have endeavoured to respect every species of authority , and also to regard every k n < l of decorum . We have spAcn our thought p lainly of the uuconstraincu and national dCTdopenientof Germany , and we intend to continue the subject . The prohibition which was launched against our paper in Prussia has not persuaded us that we were in the wrong . "

      Untitled Article

      ? ALGERIA . The startling statements given below we extract from the work of a French author , the Count St . Marie entitled " Algeria in 1815—A visit to the French Possessions in Africa . " Thu following extracts show the heavy price France haa to pay for herdear-br . uS ht " glory , " to say nothing of the loss of character , the" result of the hideous razzias which for the most part constitute the sanguinary aa < l profitless victories gamed OYer the partisans of Abd-cl-Kadcr . ENOHMOCS CO 3 T IS MBS AND MOXKT OF THE WiU

      A 6 AIXST TUE AKABS . The sacrifice of men is proved by some very correct statistical accounts which have been kindly commumcated to me . I find that the average mortality during fifteen years is 100 men per day , in consequence of sickness or the fire of tlie enemy ; making an annual loss of 3 G-500 individuals ; consequently during these fifteen years since the occupation , France must have lost 317 , 500 men . The sacrifice of money is thus calculated . Every year

      five millions of francs for the army , over and above tlie orJinarv pay which the soldiers would receive it they wtrc in France ; two millions for the navy ; two millions for persons emploitd in the different departments of civil service , viz .: the administration of the interior , of finance , of the police , of rivers and fore 3 ts , and of the clergy ; and finally , one million for the secret fund , for presents and lasses . All the items form n total of tvn milHons of francs annutlly , which multiplied by fifteen for the years of occupation , givts the sum of oue hundred and fifty millions .

      This appears enormous , but is nevertheless bslow the mark , for the 517 , 500 deaths must be taktn into account . Each of the men who have perished in Alseiia cannot have cost less than two hundred and seventy-four franca . It must have been necessary to prepare stations with allowances to support ta « m ort their march from the in >

      Untitled Article

      tenor to the place of embarkation ; to convey them and provide for them in veisels often hired from commercial companies J to clothe and arm them j to narie them in the hospitals , and leave them their shirts to be buried in . Thus the whol * : amount is abiorbed in a minimum smn assigned to each of tlie dead , without taking account of tbe living ; from which it may be inferred that the enormous figure of one hundred and fifty millions does not represent one-fourth of the real amount . It seems inconceivable that in a country like Francb , where men of high capacity control the measures of government—where the chambers of Peers and Deputies carefully investigate all questions SHbmitted to them , and vote the sums necessary for the budgets of different ministerial departments , only after long debates and

      ample imformation—it was not felt to be a question north entertaining , whether Algeria should be retained or not . Why has it not been perceived that that colony is a bottomless gulf which is daily enlarging , and that after all kinds of sacrifices Ik will be necessary to abandon a conquest which brings in nothing save some custom-house duties , not amounting to four hundred thousand francs per annum . Out of that sum the salaries of the persons employed in the customs' service must be paid . There Js no tax on fixed property or on persons , and the contributions of cattle levied by ihe troops on the Arab tribes cannot be . considered as receipts , fur the sale of the cattle produces very little , and the money thus raised is usually distributed among the soidiers .

      ABD-EL-KADEB . " One individual maintains the sacred fire among the Arabs—the Emir , Abd-el-Kader ! When a young Marabout of thirty . five , he threw aside his staff , and girding on his jatagan , he uttered the words , " My brethren , bu free I" His voice is powerful , and he is obeyed . At first the French spoke of him dt-risively . When it was known that he hsd appeared on any point , they declared themselves happy to have a palpable enemy to deal with . They seemed TO sport with him , and to let him escape in their oncounters . It was said that the French troops often had opportunities of capturing him , but would not . However , his power grew up insensibly . As the head of religion , he has proclaimed a Holy War . The standard

      vrliich is carried before him , was bi'oufjht fi'om Mecca , and probably if any power were to aid him in hii plans , France would soon be nothing in Africa . In the brilliant rrports of the Marshal , he is always put tonight ; but why is he not pursued ? Is it that his horses are move fleet th- " > n those of the French ? It is pretended lie has bem defeated but no such tlilnji . At the head of foul " regiments of rajmlars , formed in thu European mniiiicr . commanded by a French captain of artillery , with the field pieces carried by camels , and twenty-five thousand Arab horsemen , he is enenmpod tranquilly on the confine- ? of the Desert , on the other side of the great Atlantic . There his troops repose , until he resolves to commence the new campaign .

      Those who have most reason to complain are the unhappy trib .-s ; when the Emir presents himself , they are compelled to enrol themselves in hU service ; when the French columns arrive , thpy are shot for having aided the rebels . In this sad alternative their blood is sure to now . But let France beware ! The government of the sword cannot last for ertr . If the French want the head ot " tht Emir , thay may soon have it . That he knows . A treaty with him is still , perhaps , an easy matter . To make that will be the wisest course ; far after him three other Marabouts are ready to continue the war . But if dangers are apprehended on the confines of the territory , the mismanagement of the interior needs more « peedy repression . Men in office unfit for their posts , nnd scandalous in their conduct , should be dismissed . Let a prince of the blood come as a viceroy , and implant laws of justice and equity amidst a peaceful and labori . out population . Unless all this be speedily done , French dominion in Algeria will cease to exist , "

      WHT THE FBSSCH GOYEBNMENT BETAIN ALGERIA ! It it feund desirable to retain this colony , howev » r burthensome , because it is a ready cutlet for trouble , some and dangerous men in France , who find in it a field for their energies , and most frequently a premature grave . It is , moreover , an object for the frequent occupation of public attention , and a constant topic for the journalists . Finally . Africa affords a manoeuvring field for an army of 10 . 000 men part of which must be recruited every year ; nd to such an extent has been the mortality , that with the exception of some regiments of heavy cavalry , every corps in the French service has been decimated in Africa .

      Untitled Article

      THE ATTEMPT UPON THE KING OF THE FRENCH . COURT OF PEERS . —Sittixg op Aug . 27 . The Court assembled at 11 o ' clock , and proceeded * t . once to deliberate with closed doors on the charges asainst the prisoner . The Court remains ! in consultation the whole day . The following is a more detailed report of the verdict given in our paper of last Saturday . At a little after she o'clock ( the Court having then been seven hoiira in consultation ) the do > r ? were opened to the public , when a general i nsli took plaCvi M . Baroche , the prisoners Counsel , was in his place , but the prisoner himself was not present . After th ¦ appel nominal had been made ,

      The President rose , and , in the midst of the deepest silence , read the following verdict : — 14 Whereas Joseph Henry is proved to have attempted to kill the Kins on the evening of the 29 th ef July last—a crime provided for by arts . 86 and 88 of the penal code—and whereas the punishment is to be Graduated in proportion to the circumstances nnd nature of the crime , according to arts . 7 . 18 , and 30 , ofthenenal code , which declares the peiua aMktivis et infamentes to be—1 st . Death ; 2 nd , Hard labour at the hulks for life ; 3 rd , Banishment ; and 4 th , Solitary confinement ; the Court condemns Joseph Ilenry to hard labour for life . "—The Court then separated . Immediately after the sentence had been pronounced on Henry , the Chief Registrar of the Court went to the prison , and read it to the prisoner . It is said that ; on heariniit , Henry struck bia forehead with every mark of despair , exclaiming , " Why dishonour me , I who have never injured any one . "

      A ! . Baroehe , the counsrl for Joseph Ilenry , wen to him on Friday at the prison . Tbe prisoner had become very calm and talked fluently for some timo . allowinjr himself , however , to run off occagionally into incoherent and unconnected ideas , lie expressed an intention of addressing a petition to his MajesSy , praying him to commute his sentence of hard labour f or life into banishment . Since his condemnation , Joseph Henry has declared in the most formal manner that the pistols were only loaded with powder , and on some doubts being expressed as to the truth of his assertion , he added that he was ready to nrove it . He then pointed out the place where he had hid den a writing containing an exact recital of all the amazements whick he had made , in order that his attempt might be considered a serious one .

      Untitled Article

      RUSSIA AND POLAND . Polish Frontiers , A vg . 21—Closely as our frontiers are watched , and strictlv as communication i * guarded , still the news of what is passing beyond them cannot be preyen teil reaching iw , however much it be delayed or falsified . "We are thus nowin a position roncerninc the alleged amnesty which the Russian Emperor , in order to cain over the sympathy of the Poles , according to the assurance of the Philo Russians , has lately issued . "When the Russian authorities received ' the news of the late ^ revolutionary plans of the Poles , every one wns immediately apprehended on whom the slightest suspicion rested , or who were connected with su 3 ; . ected individuals ,

      in thi-i manner , it was not long before the prisons were filled with the aupposesl revolutionists , the number liein ? given at 2 . 000 to 3 , 000 . When , however , the examination ordered were begun , and stronger proofs than mere ground of suspicion were demanded , it soon appeared that the majority of those arrested most he regarded as innocent , and that , therefore , in order to relieve themselves of an expensive burden , mthing better co ild be done than , without farther ado , to release those against whom no positive proofs could be alleged . This was accordingly done , whereby the number of prisoners was reduced to 300 or 400 , who still remain in custody .

      Far more important is another piece of news , which lias reached us from an authentic source , and which cannot tail to produce a beneficial effect in the interior of Poland , The Prince Governor has , we are a » - surcd , received from the Imperial residence a fullydeveloped plan for the remission of aU _ robot ? , soccage , and other feudal sei'viecs , which will be brought into immediate operation . What a revolution to the good nf thecountry such ameasure will produce , must infallibly be evident to every one who haa had even the remotest opportunity of vie wine the effects of such agrarian relations in Poland . The landed nobility will , indeed , not regard the measure very favourably ,

      but the peasant becomes free and independent , and is thus for ever separated from his master , whom he was accustomed blindly to follow . Politically considered , the measure is wisely imagined , and is brought forward at a favourable moment . The Polish peaannt is not yet so far advanced ia his claims as that the Government cannot win him by moderate concessions ; and thus is tbe young Polish nobility no longer dangerous , beini ; merely a warlike corps of officers without an army . Besides the higher class of nobility in Poland have already in a great measure estranged themselves from the Propaganda , and turned to the throne , where alone they can ( hid the atmosphere in which they flourish .

      Divide et impera . The old proverb also holds good here . What will the rest of Poland say when it Jearns that Lithuania , Volhynia , and Podolia are placed under martial law ? Will it see in this measure another proof of confidence in Poland , and a preclude to the foundation of a luture universal Slavo-i nian empire ? Tlie harvest reports from Poland are by no m ^ nns of a cheering nature ; the rising of tbe Vist-. iU is , however , not of a character to cause any very serious learsofan inudation . It was reported \ \ v Warsaw that the Emperor would , withm a fortnight or three weeks , t ' uU that city , and thence go Vj Germany .

      Ffomw -Midcrllanp*'-'

      ffomw -midcrllanp *' - '

      Untitled Article

      TnB late Earthquakes is Italy . —The Semaphore de Marseilles of the 20 th ult ., publishes the following letter , dated , Leghorn , the 15 th : — We have ; ust received the most distrewinj accounts of the disasters occasioned by the laat eai tl > qunlt « in th * hilly districts of Pisa and Volierra . Entire Villng-a hare been destroyed , and the iahabitiiiits ar « now encamped in the fields . The Government has prohibited this traffis on the railroads . Large flssures opened in the ground , and on one point swallowed up several oxen . In the plain of Cesinn , between Leghorn and Campigliii most of the country houses have fallen down . Wo lire without news from the province of Siuna . It is a remarkable fact that the districts which suffered most are entirely corercd with aub-alpine marl . Tie workmen employed ia the interior of the mines aituate » t the distance of a mile from Campiglia felt no shock , n-hils ' tho 3 e who were labouring above ground were so terrified , that fenring the building under which they were working would give way , that they fled into the countrv .

      Dreadful Statk of jKBi / sAiEjf . —A Trieste lefter of the 15 th of August , says : — The last accounts from Jerusalem represent all Palestine to be a prey t' 5 the horrors or famine , caused by the rivers and stream * being dried up . At Safet many persons had already perished from Hunt of food . Corn Law Riots i . v Fkance . —In consequence of thn increasing prices of grain in l'Yance , usppcially in tiie east aivf centre of that country , serimn disturbances have taken place among the lahsuring clawes . These outrages hare unfortunately hera distinguished also by incendiary fii'e . i , sener / illv of farm buildings and produce . Detachments of military have heen sent to the disturbed districts to preserve order ; measures have also been taken to arrest tlie authors of the incendiary fires , which . ire particularly numerous in Burgundy , nnd on the

      banks ot the Loire . At Couvret de Villim ( Marnr ) no fewer than 14 houses and a barn had been burnt down in one nislit , and at Saulieu , packets ofcombustib'e materials had been found in a I ' ivrnviionsc , At C / iauffaiik's ( Saojie mid Loire ) a serious riot linrl taken pl : » c <\ in consequence of a rumour Unit a c » ni pany of con ; merchants had resolved to pnrchnRe ;>!! 'he corn in the market at any price . At Metz tin ; workmen : iro in the habit of mooting in the corn Miarkvt j'tt ' usir breakfast hour , and discussing thoir ijriov .-inces , but no ill result lias ensued Tlie bouse of Viscount Oourir . il , a large landed proprietor ;> t Pincn , near Scistnns , had been nttavkwl , nnd at ; attempt made to ? et it on fire ; arms issul also been carried off . All this betokens a f « vpri .- ! i « lntc of things , for ¦ which , however , the French journal ? iilSege no cause beyond the more immediate one of ' -he high prices of strain .

      Malta . — Ihe Doo-Nuisaxck and the Fbkxch Consul . —A letter of the 10 th from Malta contains the following strange storv : — " A sineuiar scene lias just occurred herp . The residence of the . Governor ad interim requiring some repairs , lie lately took lodgings iu the town , lenvins a number of dogs in his hotel . Durinv the night these animals made such a noise that M . Sontap , the French Consul , who resides in the neighbourhood , was compelled to call on the police to remove the iioijs . The police re-fused , considering they had no richt to interfere , and M . Sontag , becoming enraged , declared that he would write to his Government , and procure the expulsion « f every Maltese From Algeria . These threats not having induced th ? polio © authorities to notice the demand of the Consul , he struck his flag , and took

      down the arms of France from his residence . He has since refused to si ^ n the passpons of several persons who were about to proceed to Algiers . M . Snnta * intends to set off for France in n t '»\ v tUy& " State of Galligia . —The Cologne Gazette sives the following from Lomb ^ rsr , in Gallicia : —We learn from Tarnow that on the ICththe peasants ofWrJoa , noar Dcmbetzii , to tin * number of 200 , excited by a Jewish emissary , assailed the chateau of that place and pillaged it . The owner of the chateau escaped with great difficulty . On the receipt of this news , a detachment of cavelry left Dembetza , and di < - nersed the band , taking 26 prisoners . The principal leader , however , escaped . The event has cnusi-d so much alarm among the gentry that they all left f heir country houses and sought refuge in the towns . Tarnow is full of refugees .

      Trial for Murdeh i \ France . —The Court of Assizes of the Maine ( Rheims ) was occupied on the ISth with the trial of Sevcrin Dune ] , aecd 25 , for the murder of Marguerite Aigron , ai ; e >! 20 . It appeared from the evidence , that on April 22 a young woman , tolerably well dressed , was seen passing along the road fnnn Rheims to Keth » I , with a youns man , looking like a workman . On the 2 ; Jd tlie woman was found murdered at the toot of a hnyrick . TJic prisoner , having been taken up next thiy , .-it ' ¦ nee avowed his crime . The deceased , he said , had been a woman of bad character , regularly inscribed on the books of the police at Paris . She had formerly been the mistress of a workman named Diinal , who was taken up for some offence , and sentenced to eighteen months imprisonment . Duiiel then

      cohabited with the deceased , and she became- attached to him , though he never cared much about hrr Dtinal , when ' his imprisonment was near its end , wrote to Dunel for the address of his former niistress ; anil as she was unwilling tusto him a'j ; ain , sh " persuaded Dunel to leave Paris and seek for work in tbe country . They accordingly sot passports and travelled on foot as far as tlie place where the murder was committed . Both b . 'ing tired , withdrew a little from the roadside , and sat down , when the deceased began to complain of hunger ; ui : l cold . Dunel hearing thw , cot up , and finding a laive stone on the ground near him , struck heron the head with it until he killer ! her . Toinnke evervthiiiijsuro , ho

      seized her afterwards by the neck and held U tight for siime time , in order to s-ranglc her , should she not have been dead . The idea of murdering her had occurred to him he said , on th 18 th , as he wa 3 heartily tired of hev . He quarrelled with her almm the road several time 3 between that period and the 22 d . in order to induce her to quit him , but without avail . Finding every attempt to get rid of her quite useless , he executed his purpose . The jury at once found him guilty , and the court sentenced him to de-ith . The prismer heard the sentence passed without betraying any emotion , and oa liis return to the prison he ate and drank with good appetite and remarkable tranquillitv .

      Tub Czautokiski . s , —The German GaxeltcofFrunhfort , under date of Vienna , 23 J hist ., states that a report was nravalont that the sequestration which had been placed on the property nf the Princess Czartoriski , in Galicia , had been token off on Prince Czartorisl ; i signing a written engagement not to interfere with the affairs of Poland . In ease of his breaking it . all his property would be confiscated . Anw-EL-lvADKn The following letter , dated from Tetuan , August IS , contains si > ma interesting details on the present condition of the Arab chief : — ' The port of Tetuan has become the principal point of communication for Abd-el-K . iiler with Gibraltar , where he has two accredited agents . Money does not seem to have abounded with him for some time and the affairs of the Kmir suffer bv this deficionev

      of the sinews of war . Late advices , however , received through the smugglers from Gibraltar , state that a ratherconsiilerabiesunrjia * reccntlybeen placed tti his credit in that town . Tiie source of this seasonable supply is unknown . The last articles arrived here from Gibraltar for the Emir are a numb r of muskets of a novel construcli >> u , a Hiueh superior decriptiotito the former . The easw were a'l y . ve piu'cd for transport into the intfrl .-r , and contained , besides the guns , several moulds for balls , spare lock * , ifce . Abil-elKailer acts in Morocco jn-t as if he were at home ; comes and goes , commands , !> ro ; ic ! ies , receives addresses , and laughs at all tii : it is done against him in Meqnines . The Sdtaii gives ni < ne but illusory , and frequently contradictory orders rospeutir-g him and his manwuvri-s ; imr are these orders ever executed by tiie local chiefs and

      governors : AbJ-ei-Knilcr , always protesting ! his respect for the Sultan , declares that liu i-ani : ut umismentiously take account of ihe intrc ^ ucs < f the Christians at his Court . _ In ail this Abd-el-Kader has more power and real iiilluer . ee than tlie Sult'in ; he is , so to say , the Kirgnf all the Marabouts of the Country , ami these Marabouts would willingly , if necessary , uifaki } of him a rallyiii !* pnint for thoir religion . The city o ! " Fez ( the religious metropolis , possessing great weight amii'l ihe general anarchy ) is certainly being operated upon iu this sense . On the other part , tlie frontier tribes of Algiers , are always ready ti inarch as soon as there is powder and piasters . Of those are uitml time tribes near Argnd among whom the agents of Abd-ol Kadei * recruits , exorcises , and organises at pleasure for the opportune moment . "

      Income of Austhi . i . — The statistical c-flico . lateiy established at Vienna , has just published some ¦ itatements on the finances of the Austria" empire We see bv these details , that the receipts of the Treasury amount to 150 . 000 . 000 florins per nnntiin , ( about £ 12 , 590 . 000 . ) of which eight millions are nniilicd to tlie civil list , ami eighteen millions to the espouses of administration . The oflicu dues not state the purpose to wliich the remaining 12-i millions arc applied ; the interest of the debt , the support of the army , and the construction of railroads , are , howuvcr . the chief objects . — Postseituwi .

      Tun Lock uf tiik 15 astii . i . e . —A prisoner , named Mauclere , recently escaped from the l ;; io 1 olTcndoBic ; he was easily re-captured ; he was not , besides a very : ; rcat malefactor . The most curious part of the affair is , that the lock , which lie opened with a rusty knife , ia one of tho ancient looks blunging formerly to tin ) Bastille . After the capture ansl " demolition ol the Bastille in lTSt ) , tho locks wore takon away , tun ' carefully put aside . In l ^ OO , when tho liabovaf trial caused the Ili f th Court to assemble at Vciulomo , it was believed that nothing better could be done for the sal ' egttayil of the prisoners than to provide the m'Koii of Ycudonm with one uf thoso redoubtable locks ) . In fact , the appearance ' ivimk'l inspire terror , while the enormous key with which it is openet would make a formidable weapon . However , this , ' Ojk would sparcf ' . y t'ioji ; , am ) M !) ee IVOO the prison has been guarded merely by tliero . 'Utatiou of tin . ' lock of the Bastillo ,

      Untitled Article

      THE KEI'JGAL ASSOCIATION . Duniiif , Monday —The usual weekly meeting of the above association was bell in Conciliation Hall ii ? i / * « n «> o ' clock Mr . O'Connell entered the Hall ( attired in his municipal n . btw ) amid loud cheers , and moved that Counsellor O'Dowd should take the chair . The Chawmax addressed the meeting at some length and commerce . ! by thanking tho ' meeting for the hononp they conferred upon him . fie then alluded to the 1 ounj : Ireland party , ami stated thac in his opinion no question except the Repeal question .

      should dl < ( iisuiissuu in mat lisiii . Uefthc Ciittirmanl denounced t ie conduct of the Ymini ; Ireland party he denounced their criminal silence ' upon that quev tion ( the Beqi : es » s Ac' ) which vitally ' affected the intercuts of the Catholics of Ireland , not merely of ihe Catholics , but of the Protestants , fur th . it question referred to both partie « . lie airaisned their conduct upon that question—he arrainwd their silence as tending in no small degree to tha passing of that very measure . Mr . Ray read the minutes of the last day's

      proceedings . Mr . O'Conncll ro ? e , and- after handing m some money , said he \ v , i < t now in trim i ' nr visirimr tha . Uastle and as he had to sjo uo with the Addn-ss from the Corporation to . in Ii ' Mi noWemnn , the Karl of Bcsbornngh—a man who wi « well acquainted with Irish affairs , he would sp >> flk to the meeting ; at once . Aftrrc mmentirig on tho failure of the potntnecrop , ami other matters , he said , he would now refer to a suhieet of grout impnrlanfo to the association . It had been said that many people -were anxious for a reconciliation between tin ; two parties in that Hall . No man was mnre anxious for a reconciliation than he was . especially n reconciliation with Mr . Smith . OMirien . lie wn « ld do anything bntsneriti' / e

      pr-n-ciote lo obtain ihat rernwiliatinn . He could not afford to sacrifice his principles became ho wnul rlo so . The II"n . nnd Lvarnrd ( r' -ntlcmanentered fully into the breach brtwe «; n the Y- 'unc lic'nn e : s nnd the Asuviation . aii'l dctniled'hisrcnsmisforc riipelU insr the You : Ireland imrty to « ta ? e tbeir opinion ? . O ; i June 1-5 hist . Lop ! J . Russell , in bis spfee ' -i m the Ofttrcion Kill , in the His'jko of Cumnwiw , sr-oUa as follows : — There is a numerous body in Ireland , numerous even nm : > ns the Representat ives of Ireland , hit W more numerous in Irchind , wIn'Wi . cays that no legislation of a united Parliament can drviVo fit

      remedies for Irish snevnpees , arid that it i . i in a domestic Parliament alono that lit and wise leiiishitio : i is to bo sniieht . ( Hear , hear . ) Such is their opinion . There is another , I hear , who , if I read riiibtly their sentiment ? , as rxpross .-d in a newsnapav—T will uunio it—called The Nation , which l ; ai fjtvafc cireiiht ' tfm in Itvhind , who r / o beyond the question of legislative wihoh , who would wish not merely to restore such a Parliament . is that which it was thft boiist of Mr . G rat tan to fmrd , and which lesi-leited under the sc-ptre « f tho same Suvore-ian jvi the Parliament ^ Great Brit'iin . " but a party which excites no violence , which looks atdishirbaiiQo ns it' menns , and separation from England as its

      ¦• ml . " V / hat interest had Lord John IiusM-11 ? He had no party interest—he is too hiyn-mintiod a man to say and think tho contrary , when he ;» v this account of the Young Ireland party . They had attempted to deny it . The reform was carried by moral force . The Anti-Corn-law League was carried bv moral force . Why , we succeeded before them , ( Englishmen , ) and English success was only encouraged by our success . ( Hear , Hear . ) Hut it was nnfortunate for themselves , they were implicated ia the guilt of treason . They did not understand th * law . He said distinctly there are two kinds of rrn ; ison . On the ISth of July The Nation deliberately published this 1 . The Learned Gentleman here read the following : —

      " France sent them offers of help and guidance through M . 1 edni Rollin , and throush irtany a surer seurco . America , talked openly of Baltimore clippers and raids over Canadian border . " ' And some have believed ihat a country haunted with the memory of heroin resistance and proud victories from the field of tho . yellow ford to tbe CIt'trch of Dungnnnon , and hoi with shame and ind gnation at suffering and disgrace without end , would at length rise and snatch the liberty so lo :: ir denied . That her Chief , weary of hope defemd , would at length proclrm that patience had limits , and resolve now again to " Right her wrongs in batt-n line . "

      " We fully confrss that , much was written in this journal tending rcmotcdly to that end . calculated to stimulate til * hone and desire of great and speedy cimngps wrought bv s people ' s might . "—Nation , Saturday , 18 th July , " 1 S 4 G . The Learned Gentleman concluded by referring to several leual authorities , showing they would bo guilty of hiub treason it' they held the same opinions as Hie Youns Ireland parly did . Several Subscriptions havin » been handed in , the rent , was announced to be £ 104 . Is , G ., and the meeting separated .

      Untitled Article

      Sill ROBERT PEEL AND FREE TRADS . The inhabitants of the town of Elninsr , in Prussia , having some time since addressed a letter of consratu'ati n to Sir RmVrt Peel , on the successful to ; rainntion of the efforts of the late Premier ( or the establishment of Fron Trado , havo rcresiHy , as we learn from thi ! lierlin journals , received the following reply t '> their memorial : — ^ 'London , August C , 134 ( 5 . " Your address , in which you express your approbation of tlie great m-nsurt-s of financial nnd commercial reform which I have considered it my duty to lay before Pnrlia-!> n'iif , I have receircii with tery great pleasure . The obj ' . 'Ot of the Incnmv-tax was not only to niiikt .- good a deficit , but algo to luy thi ! foundation of a more just system

      of taxation , by putting an i-ud to duties before levied oa i aw muteriftls , as wrllna those vi-xutims regulations of the excise , and the duties on many kimls o' produce necessary to the comfort o ? the working elafSfS . Tho Bill having for its object the limitation of the paper currency , liiis in no way ntTected public or individual interest nor has the country heen thereby deprived of the advantages of a paper circulation ; but in placing the issue of this medium of exchange under certain reasoisablis restraints , the Hill li »> baen the menns of checVing abuse in times o £ <; r « at critical importance to the commercial interests of 'he country as wrll as of unusual speculation . This Bill has given t-i p-iper money ii settled value in making it always excliun-jeahle with specie . I l » arn with pleasure that the intent and cSVct of these measures hnvp been iirouerly anurcciated by distinguished politicians of other

      countries . That part of your address when-in you admit the principle of commercial legislation , which , b . r ordtr of Parliament , is now in force , lias aft ' ovioil me above all things rhe most lively satisfaction . The measures proposed for t ' io diiiiinuc ' um of Custom-house duties have been brought forward without , nny similar concessions having boon offered by foreign countries ; they have been proposed because tbe general interest of the country demanded it . Thtir tffttcta are RuihVisnily iidvuntascou * to Cully justify the steps we have taken , lor it is contrary to the principled of political icouoiny to pun-base : it a

      dear rate imicli-s of inferior value ; and the authors of this measure have thought , without entering into nejrociiitioiisaiid minute details that the principles of their commercial lesjisliition would b-. 'adopted !> y oti'crnsitious . Diliieiiitivs and obstacles may aiise : and linnncial embarrassment , which appears to be the strongest argunit-ii ; in support of the protective systtin . will , in certain countries , be advanced as a reas » n I ' m continuing it . Individuals who profit Jiy lii ^ 'h duties me favourably liKtoncd to by tiie Govi-rMiieiu ; in other cues tb « y form the most numerous part of the population , or at least a lOWt'iful nariy in the legislativenssem !>! ii" . s .

      ¦' Interests are thus represented en imi . w ; hut this . isolntfd iiittrt _ -ftt cannot lony ollVr resistance to the ar £ U-. iionUiinil manifest interest of thu jrri'ai > orai uuiiy , Tlie public finances labour under a dcunlu uisntliTtiitasre ; lirst , by tiie prejudice with which they arcs rouardei ' ., ami the . consequent support i . ftVred to smuggling ; and , soconnly , by the great expenses incurred in its suppression ; so tliat , eventually , it will be seen by those who are responsible for tbe financial condition of their reap ! Ctive countries , that it is pruden ' . and luilisie i » replace , by such moderate duties as will pri-mit the commurco and revenue of the country to iucivr . se , those hi »! i dnties which either diminUb . « r alto ; eth . r tm-iiibit , tbe importation of toivign produce , and sustain certain bni ! ii ::: i * s of trail © sit tlie expense i >/ tlie public finance ? . " The social condition «¦! ' that country which maintains with the great rigour the prorevtive sy-tem , wiil be op-. pused to the sMtt- of nimihir u-hicii b : s » adopted liberal

      principles ; und tue conviction uf the value Ot Midi principles Will liotobtiiili , unless by iheMieuuni | ii- » iuiitoVttoe freedom of exuliMigu nmougsi all tiie iiatiuns o : the world ; the well-boiug of each individual w : ! l be increased , and . the will of I ' rovitleuce will be tV . ltil ! crt—tbivs Vrovidfisce ivbich has siren to every country n sun . a Hiiiiiitc . and a , « oil . each ilittVring « ne fnun the othir , m > t tor \\\ u tiur-!») se of ruddering sbvni sevirally iiKitjio-. n' . vnt uf each other , but ou the contrary , in order tl ' . st . they may feel their reciprocal depi-n > euee by the cxniau ^ e of tbeiiv refcpfutivc pniiliicc , thus causing tliem to enjoy in vuuiuion th-j blessings of 1 V < jv : i ' . ! : iu : « . It is kiiu » that wu- Sn-l in ciiuitnrrco the means ol iuVtinid / y ( rivilisatinn . ol ' iiptirasin ;; jealouay and nctional jinjml'ott , am ) of bringing about a uiiivirs ., 1 peace , eithiv fmn national iuii'vest , or from Christian duty . " 1 have tbe honour , &c , "Uivbkut Pee -. "

      Untitled Article

      the schooner Brunswick Packet , with a cargo or Oats from Avc'iianj ; el , left this harbour , and , about ; two o ' clock on thu nftnnioou of tho wine « l » . v , sue mkwilstajaolF Mouaai Isle , n . ul struck on « r « ou ami soon wont « lo « rn . Tho crow . s . nT « l « w « n »^| J will . » reat difficulty , some oi them bei ^ , ^ > ^ ¦ ¦ limwi Tlitiv « avetl uoHini" but the elo ^ . e-s nit-y E : » srt , sa ™!^ : ? vessel .- ^ ' /"' 0 " Groat t Journal .

      Fovtim Ihobrment^ ^ ^

      fovtim iHobrment ^ ^ ^

      Untitled Article

      R « siis Law . -A letter from St . Petersbu rg | bt « tha \ the Countess Samoilo-. v , a widow who hi « £ J * a ^ nd marriage mtn Jjj ^ f fr ^ e , has been condemn ^ to lo a to- ? JW « & Ibich will be put uptopuohc wicbCT wlh « rthe fac e of six months . The countess lias laige estates iRusia .

      Untitled Article

      : " ... ' :.. ' . ' ,. : ? : Iee trIde ; ;¦ ; thT ^^^^ T ^^ ^" s ? digest" th * 1 , i j- ' Let onr readera " inwardly ^ L ^ SS&SSSESs ^ haTing done BRITISH FREE TRADE . mZfann " 0 not - . f tho 8 B who discover or suspect a ™? 1 S ^ sinister motive in every act that does h f S T " > T ? wn notion 8 - We d » not believe that West India Emancipation was the result of some . deep-laid plot to underinine the prosperity of w j ^ l ' cJ mi Sht continue to hold slaves . We do not think that tho British have altered their Tariff merely to allure other nations into n . similar md to them injurious line of conduct . We doubt not that the mass of those by whose efforts the recent change lias been brought about truly believo

      that the whole world is to be benefited by their new policy , and enlightened by their example . Men generally believe the conduct dictated bv tiieir interests or their wishes consistent with if not absolutely demanded by the hi ghest good . Conceding , then , all that a generous opponent would exact , we ask attention to a summary of the facts in the case . " Great Britain has through generations protected and fostered her own Mauutaeturin ? Industry . Her laws have given it great advantages , not only in her home market but in those of her vast and populous dependencies , which overspread the globe . Her overwhelming Navy swept the ocean of all rivals through the long prevalence of the great wars which desolated the Continent , deranaed its Industry at . tl

      paralyzed its progress in the Useful Arts . Her well defended smugglers penetrated every port which her cannon could not open , bidding defiance to the lesjtons and the Continental System of Napoleon . — At a time when British Manufactures had no real rival , and any presuming rival no chance , her ascendancy in this branch of Industry was established . Thenceforward , it had been decided and notorious . Tlii * or that nation may fabricate some few artic-lo 3 as choap , or even cheaper but generally , in the products of the loom , the forgo the workshop , Great Britain surpasses any other nation on the fact of the earth , either in cheapness , or in excellence .

      Why is this so ? Partly because of ihe natural advantages which her insular position , so convenient for extensive and advantageous traffic , havisecured her ; partly been use of the richness and proximity of her e . xhaustlfss supplies ot c' -al , iron , copper , tin . i&c , partly because of hrr overwhehnin ; : Naval ascendancy ; something on account of hrr •• ntire exemption for the last century from invasion w oivil war ; more , perhaps , is due to theenersetic , inventive , industrious character of her people . Many another nation may rival or even surpass her in one of these points ; no one has equalled her in all <> r the most of them . The result we shall sea and realize .

      Up tetliis time , Great Britain has rigidly guarded her own markets from Foreign rivalry in whatever hf » r people could with tolerable facility produce . While she crowded her fabrics into every port that lid not ab-olutely rejector exclude them , she bought of othor nations whatever she could herelf produce as sparingly as possible . This policy hiss had its day . It cannot be continued . Other nations , taught by her , have protected and fostered these arts in which their people were less expert ; they have learned by sad experience that no art cle is ever bou ght cheap when the buyer stands idle during the time it would have taken him to produce it , and that it is very possible to buy when « ou have no means of s-ayinsr , but very certain also that the buyer will rue it . It has come to this that England must buy more freely of other nations er they will buy much less freely of her .

      A wise and able Statesman wrests the helm of State from the hands which had just given it a Free Trade direction , and seems about to put the ship on her old track , but in due time he disappoints both friends and adversaries by thoroughly accomplishing what his predecessors had but meditated . His work done , he abandons the helm to his old adversaries , the vessel bearing oi : her ensign ' Free Trade with all the world ! ' Wo concede that this tender is sincere and , for the argument's sake , that it will be persisted in . How should the world receive the oroffer ?

      The true answer to this question i * best evolved by asking another : Is it consistent with the highest and broadest good of mankind that Great Britain should be the workshop and her people the artisans f the whole world ? Is it expedient for us and for all mon that we send thither our two millions of bales of cotton per annum to be transformed into fabrics in iood part for our own wear , and a haif a million barrels of flour , with beef and bacon to match , to feed those who there spin for us ? Is this wise , beneficent policv ?

      To our mind , it clearly is not . If Great Britain would do our spinning and weaving for nothing , we believe it would b « most unwise to allow her to diit , and sure to prove unfortunate . This thing , lab -m deserves to be better appreciated than it has hither , to been . It was Divinely appointed not merely t hat the back should be suitably clothed and the sconiach duly tilled , but that the man , alike in his physical ; ind intellectual nature , should be developed . If we could secure as much animal comfort as now by doing half the work we now do at some one vocation exclusively—say , cold-mining , or timber-cutting , oi wheat growing—we should be unspeakably losers by changing our present various avocations for thai one . Labour is the education , the university of the imss of mankind . Tho introduction and establish ment of a new art . a new branch of industry in a

      State or community , is not merely a positive addition ta the true wealth of that community , in furnishing labour for many who would else have remained idle , not finding any employment suited t ! their strength or their faculties , but it tends stronglj to develop intellectual as well as industrial resource .-which else had lain dormant . The naturalization ol manufactures in this country has already , while ir Uu-ir infancy , been of vast benefit to mankind by sti initiating important inventions and iniprovemem .-which else had rem ained unknown . Even Britisi manufactures are largely indebted to American { : e niiis .-iroiised to effort by the new processes here set in motion . We cann ot doubt that England is to day the gainer by the establishment here of the ne « branches of industry which she would gladly hav . nravcnteil or crushed .

      Great Britain now appeals to us from a new and more tenable position . She offers to take some por tion , not ofeur Cotton only but of our Grain and Meat also , provided we will discard the Protection of our own Manufacturers and buy of her . We cannot believe the best interests of her own peopl , > . much less of ours , will be prompted by our compliance . Grant that she can at present fabricate man \ if not most articles cheaper than we can , we see clearly that the cost of transportation and the risk ? of profits of Commerce will far more than balance any such disparity , and that the immense cost o ! sending our Wheat and Cotton to England to supply her workmen with food and raw material where from our fabrics are to be wrought must come out of

      tlie Labour of our country or of both . With the Farmer and Manufacturer working side by side , the fruits of their joint labour must be divided between them , and any temporary advantage in prices realized by one will he pretty certainly fulloweii by an increase of force and efficiency on that side tending to lower the price of its product and enhance that of the other .. But with thousands of miles of land and water between tho two classes , there must bo an enormous subtraction from their joint product to pay the cost of transportation , and t / ie burthen of 'he expence falls inevitably on the party whose products arc bulky , perishable , and their carriage nece-: sarily expensive . Suppose it possible , for instance , that Wheat shall average ( as it will not ) One Dollar and a Quarter pur bushel in Liv rpool . duty unpaid ; the farmer in tho interior ot Indiana ,

      Illinois , or Wisconsin cannot Jioj > e to receive over Fittv Cents a bushel . That is the bent he can look for With tlie UlllK of our Manufactures in England . But bring tiie Manufactories t » his noiirhbuurhoiul , so that he shall find within a day ' s journey u market of consumption for his products , and he cannot fail to receive more , and at any rate the difference between the price he receives and that which thu manufacturing eoiisnmur pjijs for it , will be vastly dimisished . But . better still , he will no longer produce merely Wheat , and trembles lest , the next advices from Liverpool or New York blast his hopes of a fair rec <> mpense for \ m labour , but he will produce a variety of fruits anil vegetables always more profitable than exclusive qrain ' crops when a market for them is at hand . a Familiar ah this truth may be , it cannot be too carefully considered .

      That the change in the Corn Laws will enable the manufacturers of Great Britain to produce goods somewhat cheaper is true , and to this consideration the bounteous subscriptions to the agitation fund of the Leaiiuo are in good part attributable . Cotton is now the predominant interest in tiie British realm —perhaps beneficently so . The ' lords of the loom ' will doubtless reap an ample harvest from their triumph . Bu it so ; wu regret uo change which diminishes the power ol the aristocratic monopolists ol the soil of the sister kingdoms , bnfc we cannot anticipate tho lasting advantages fnuu this which its sanguine friem ' s anticipate . Perilous , as Carlisle observ . s , is that National prosperity which rests on a capacitv to produce cotton cloth : i farthmu' an e . l cheaper than any body else can . Th " . brief Amu- ot Toitiwt Millions of Britain widjind

      triumph } Hift , the their <{«;/' * labour producing just about such , a day s iretul as forvierly . and Union Workhouses as « i «» i < - rovt ami wett tenanted us aw . v . THE HEAL ltGMKD Y FOR ' MEM EVILS IS NOT FREE TRADE HUT A FIIEK SO 1 L-A SOIL WHICH THEY MAY CULTIVATE WlTlfOUT PAYING TMIEE-FOURTJIS OF ITS PRODUCT TO WE IDLE DESCENDANT OF SOME ROBlililt KNIGHT OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY , WHO WON A COUNTY HY AIDING TO SLAU GHTER THE ENGLISH AT HASTINGS . An acre of land i jnaraitieecl to each family at a rent based I o » the costs of the improvements thereon , would be \ worth all the Free Track or Reformed Parliament * tftul j can be imagined . Lei us hope that future Reforms will hi less tiMmcJ and more tangible than th « a «( .

      Untitled Article

      . September 5 , 1845 THE NORTHERN STAR »

      Siupwiikciv —On Tho Mornhil' Of Thursday Lasu

      SiupwiiKCiv —On tho mornhiL' of Thursday lasu

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 5, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1382/page/7/