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^^^ t > y »^ firww ^> i > Ann « n * nn < i . m « wmnni > a «^ f r n _ n _ - r- ' --n , THE TDHK-ODT AT KEIGHLSY . The present state and prospects of the woolcombers may be ascertained from the following placard , which has been extensively posted throughout the town : — XO THE 1 SHABITAKT 8 O * XETGHLET ASD TBE FDBLIC OESEUUT . Gentlemen , —On account of the desire expressed by certain respectable individuals , that the woolcombers should , if possible , take some steps in order lo bring the present struggle to an amicable conclusion ; and a certain respectable manufacturer having desired the same , we , the woolcombers of Keighley , beins equally desirous with our employers aud the public generally that the struggle should terminate , hare this day submitted for their consideration I he following propositions : First—That we earnestly request the manufacturers to give the advance asked for thirteen years ago , hoping lhat they will agree to the same . Sccundly—Thatifdieyarenot at liberty to agree to the above , we request them to g ive the advance as long as Mr . Glapham , and other gentlemen in the town , have E «« u it . And , Thirdly—That if this should not meet their approbatioa , we request them to give it till the 1 st of January , 1 S 17 , and if the tradarev . ve , to continue it , but if not , to fce at liberty to reduce it again . The reply to these propositions is , that they cannot accede W any of them ; all that they offer is for us to go to work at the old rate of wages , and this we do not feel at liberty to submit to . Previous to the time we came out we « ere suffering severely on account of the extremely low wages that we were receiving , we have suffered still more in endeavouring to improve our
condition , sdid we cannot for one moment imagine that we are in just bouud to compromise the point any further than what we have done ; we have bended considerabl y In order to settle the thing peaceably , and jet there is S 3 tending whatever on the other side ; tbey say iliatite trade will not afford it , bat whether it will afford it now or not . one thing is certain , it would have atfor . led it at the time we requested it , and is it not reasonable that after we have sacrificed so much , they should sacrifice a little ! When the trade has been prosperous , we have sot been able to live , and pay our debt-, whilst they have amassed largo fortunes ; and surely now that we have struggled so long to better onr condition , common justice
requires that they sbouli do something for us ; this , it appears , however , they will not do ; and we , therefore , call upou you , fellow-townsmen and the public generally , to assist as trita all four power , till ho are able to accomplish the po nt ; hitherto you have done nobly , you have manifested your sympathy by your liberality , and your generosity is proclaimed through the length and breadth <* f the land ; we entreat you relax not your exertions—do not stay your hand ; still , as yon have been -wont to do , use your utmost efforts on our account . Reason , humanity , religion , demand it , and we have the greatest confidence in your proving yourselves our friends to the last .
Tours , &C-, The Committee of she Kiighley Wooixoubess . On Thursday a meeting of the mill hands was held in support of the woolcombers . Mr . T . J . Pickles occupied the chair . Mr . J . Brook , a woolcomber said , it was well known that the Corn Law repealers had told the working classes over and over again that if the Corn Laws were once repealed tbey would have plenty of work , good wages , and cheap bread . Last winter the Free trade manufacturers told the operatives that on account of the existence of the Cora Law they were obliged to reduce the ¦ wages , but that as soon as trade revived , which it would tvhen the Corn Law was repealed , au advance in wages would be made . The reduction took place in Januarylast . In spring the woolcombers waited on the manufacturers fur an advance of wages , but were told that they came tooeoon . To aecomodate them the demand was
postponed for five or six weeks , when three of the masters agreed to give an advance . Others said they would give the advance when it became general , but all of them had previously determined that it should never become general . Things remained in this state for a fortnight , -when Brigjs , Clapham , aud others , declared that they wouM also reduce , unless other manufacturers paid the same wages . Their wages had been reduced 9 d . a week in winter , on a promise that when the Corn Laws were repealed , that 9 d . would sot only be restored , but au advauce of wages allowed . The woolcombers merely asked to hare 91 . a week ; and what was 9 d . ! Why , it was consideied so small by every body but the masters , that this was termed" a sheep's head strike , " although a good sheep's head could not be had for 9 d . ( Cheers and laoshter . ) When the masters refused to raise the wages to that point from which they had been reduced last ¦ winter , the operatives were compelled t j stiike .
. Sir . J . B . Emjiett said , it wasimpostiblefor eithermen or devils to afiord worse examples of tyranny than the great majority of the master manufacturers of Keighley . ( Cheers . ) They wanted to starve the woulcombers by ¦ wholesale . ( Hear , hear . ) He had sought employment in gathering the freight brought up on the canal , hut his employers , iufiuenced by the manufacturers for whom they carried the goods , were obliged to dismiss him , although they fully approved of his services . Where was ihe freedom of labour here \ While engaged in
collecting th « freight for the canal , he went to one peisonfor payment of " an account , and was called by him a rascal and a villan , because be endeavoured to protect himself and other individuals from the tyranny of the manufacturers . That individual turned him oS the premises , and threatened to have him sent to Wakefieldif he did not desist from advocating the rights of the working man . Hehad since been informed that this manufacturer regretted that his dog was not there at the time , that he might worry him ( the speaker ) before he got off the premises . ( Oh , oh . )
Mr . W . Jecsitt said , thjt the manufacturers had tcld the operatives that low wages was caused by the Corn Laws . When Bright and Gobden were lecturing lere , they said that trade would be good by sending goods abroad ; that the foreign demand would be increased if the Corn Laws were repealed , and that the result would be cheap bread and plenty of wages . .-It was all gross humbug . ( Cheers . ) The design of the manufacturers were to enrich themselves . They wanted the assistance of the labouring classes to get the Corn Laws removed , and when their object was accomplished , they showed their gratitude , by turning them out of employment . What had the operatives to do with foreign trade 1 Had anv of tbe men a sufficient supply of shins ! ( " >' o , no . * " ) Dad any of tbe females enough of petticoats * V'So , no . ") After a few remarks from the Chairman , themeeting resolved on continuing the strike until the required advance was conceded , and the meeting adjourned .
Jol > n Farrar Pickles , secretary of the Woolcomber * s Committee , begs to acknowledge the receipt of £ 2 . Is . from William Frankland , of Burnley , for which he returns his sincere thanks .
THE LOXDOS OPERATIVE HOUSE PAINTERS ' ASSOCIATION TO THE HOUSE PAINTERS OF LONDOX . Addkess . In pursuance of an understanding that was come toby the Delegates who met in March last , at the instance of the society held at the Unicorn , St . James ' s , the above Association has bten founded . Since the meeting referred tu , wo public meetings of the members of our profession have been held , at which the necessity or a Central House , with convenience for large meetings , Library and Offices attached , where business i * nd instruction might be conducted , was strongly enforced .
The Association has existed siucc the first of October . Its purpose is to carry the above ol-ject into effect ; and as experience accumulates in working the plan , it is almost certain that ot <> er , and probably more advantageous objects will suggest tbemsrWes , and , with our improviiig organisation , be found easy of attainment . Upwards of a hundred and fiity have already had their names enrolled , aud as the Directors intend holding another public meeting , ( as advertised below ) it is advisable that all who intend to join should do so previous to that time , in ordtr that tbey may have a voice in sanctioning the laws which will then be submitted , and alEO that Glfietrs may be appointed , in whom the greatest confidence can be placed .
The number of persons who join , and intend giving r tcir continued support , will likewise determine what * xtent of premises the Association will require . Members are admitted by the Secretary on any Thursday evening . the subscription is one penny per week—at present no entrance fee is required . After the meeting alluded to other regulations will be adopted . It is cheering to sea that so many have already joined the Association , and from the spirit that is geuerally evinced when the subject is spoken of , the Directors feet confident that their fellow tradesmen fully appreciate the objects sought to be obtained . An Association commanding such small means may seem incapable of effecting much good , but the union of generous spirits and devoted exertions will effect improvement that cannot be forseen by those phlegmatic mortals who are so accustomed to despair , that they are aliens to hopeful action .
Progress is the watchword of the day—progress in art , in science , and in literature : in fact , society teems with the effects of the spirit of progression . But unfortunately theworkiug man is not proportionally benefitted by it ; lie is shouldered back by wealth—he is crushed by combination—he is alone and nnprotected—he is single handed , and , therefore , has no means of defence from the aggrandizement of capital . He is uneducated , and therefore is he despised ; he is weak , and capitalists tread him ( it may be unconsciously ) undti * their feet We , the Operative Painters , are not exempt from tha evils incident to the working man ' s position . We contribute to the necessaries as well as to the luxuries of the rich : jet we dwell amidst the-very reverse of that
comfort which onr hands are . daily engaged in producing . "We minister to the health ' and enjoyment of others , and in so doing are obliged to risk oar lit es , aud sacrifice -our own health . We use our strength in expelling that ¦ which would otherwise provoke disease , and in the process are ourselves the recipients of disease . In short , it is a well known fact that , through the injurious nature efour employment , we become prematurely emaciated . "We allow ourselves to be overworked in summer , and in winter we are often altogether unemployed . We are forced to labour in the scorching heat of summer in an atmosphere that is not { infrequently poisoned with the fumes of lead , and cholic is the consequence ; which is too often followed with the permanent prostration of the RBtem . In the inclement seasons we have to wander j
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bout in search ot employment , and at the same time are all but conscious that oar w irch w ill be fruitless . Day after day—week afttr week , is thus hoptUssiy spent by maoy of our profession ; and if old age » bouH have begun to trespass upo » their features , the task is more hopeless still : the positive no . is male to greet their application for leave to toil , until heart-slck they give up the ienrch . and wait until some one with whom they are acquainted , can make room for them . Such are some of the evils to which we are subject ; some of them are perhaps inevitable , but others are not so , and all of them may be mitigated if we are henceforth resolved to unite for purposes of education and mutual protection . In this process we shall learn self-respect , and that will eause us to bo respected . Let us then help ourselves , and assistance will come from where we cannot even bow expect it .
We have been told that there already exist institutions that comprehend the object our association has in view , and that by confining it to one trade we shall cripple it . This may be a plausible , but it is a groundless objection , for by being en-ibled to assemble atva j from public house , and un ' er advantageous circumstances , where we can be educated in the higher branches of our profession , have when practicable , Museums of Art , and discuss questions relating to our position as workmen , or to our social condition , we shall proceed under more favourable auspices than we could possibly do in mixed assemblies .
Besides , may we not rely upon the friendly feelings that the pursuits of oar profession generate ! How many pleasant associations are suggested in the phrase , that " we have laboured together . " Many of us have lived in each other ' s society for months , and even for yearsmany happy times can we recall when the tame song has enlivened us , the same scenery inspired us , or when mutually intersting experiences have been related , aud thus drawn forth the treasures of memory— those lasting reeords of the picturesque and romantic , the witty and the humourous .
The Directors , therefore , earnestly entreat all you who wish for improvement in mind , profession , or in your soclal condition , to think seriously upon the sentiments contained in this address ; and if you approve of them , we invite your co-operation—we hold out the most catholic feeling of fellowship—we aim to extend tbe influence of good feeling . On the force of enlightened public opinion alone do we depend for a redress of our common evils . Onr faith is , that the oppressor , in the long run , is injured by his own wilfulness—that the oppressed has even sometimes the advantage in the amountof increased sympathy that ib shown him .
In concluding this address , the directors wish to impress upon j onr minds that all reforms to be effective must be wisely conceived and perseveringly adhered to , for this reason , they are generally slow of accomplishment ; be cautious , therefore , not to expect too much : aud above all we would have you to recollect that the gap between tfce beginning and tbe successful issue of any undertaking is filled by the word , Perseverance . Lend , then , your heads and hearts to the work—not only join , but fancy that the success of the association depends upon your conduct as individuals , for it is clear that if each man does his duty the general interest will be attended to . The humblest individual should feel that he is a part of the whole , and that , therefore , his conduct will necessarily influence the whole .
tBlllMWARV . BE < 3 CLATION 8 . Thai each Member shall contribute not less than One Penny per week . AU persons making application to become Members must produce evidence that they have worked seveu years at the profession of House Painter , Grawer , Paperhanger , er Glazier . Apprentices are admited , but not allowed to vote or hold office . The business of the association is conducted by a Board of Directors , President , Secretary , and Treasurer , whe meet every Thursday evening , at the Parthenium , for the enrolment of Members , &c .
N . B . —A General Meeting of tbe Subscribers will take place on Thursday evening , the 17 th of December , at the Parthenium Coffee Rooms , 72 , St . Martin ' s Lane . The chair is to be taken at eight o ' clock , when a code of laws will be submitted to the members for their adoption . Officers for the ensuing six months will also have to'be elected . Non-Subscribers are invited to attend , but will not be allowed to rote . Donations of Books , Haps , Prints , Drawings , Busts , etc ., Trill be gratefully received .
CONDITION OP THE BAKERS . The present system of oppressive labour and slavery on ^ ht to be abolished , it is tbe bane of the masters as well as the men , and places a great majority of them in an unequal state of competition ; the little masters cannot compete with those carrying on an extensive business , on the account of labour alone . There are many who bake from forty to fifty sacks of flour per week ; these employ probably three men , while the man who does only half the business employs the same number of hands ; thereby he is enabled to drive him from the market , by having double the quantity of labour pertormed for the same money . Now , was night n ' ork to be abolished , or tbe number of hours lessened , these masters would be placed on an equal footing ; for the one having double the
quantity of business , would be obliged to employ two sets of men to perform the same as he now requires from one , thereby taking some of the surplus labour from the market , which is at present in a miserable condition , and give employment to hundreds , which are at present nearly starving , willing to work and cannot obtain it . The employer often suffers severe losses through the men ( engaged in night-work ) over-sleeping themselves aud letting the fire burn out , occasioning waste of fuel and the spoiling of the dough in the oven . This night work is not necessary it . the country , why then should it be regarded as indispensable in London ! In the country tbe men can leave work at nearly , and in many instances , at the same time that the London baker does ; he can have his night of rest and evening of enjoyment , and yet get through the
same quantity of work in considerably less time . Then why should such abuses exist when it is unnecessary and prejudicial to bath employer and employed ? Tbe masters say "It is impossible that we can have our rolls in the shop by eight o'clock , if night work is abolished . " I have before stated that things are managed differently in the country , and yet they have their rolls by the desired time , but not a batch of bread previous , for families seldom require a bot loaf on the breakfast table , rolls being quite sufficient . Now as this impossibility is done at one place , of eourse it can be done at another , without any difficulty . It is accomplished in this way ; they commence their work about fire a . m . ; tbe first operation is the making of dough . Now if the quantity of rolls required is not large , a portion of the sponge is taken out and put aside , about one half for the quantity of dough desired , the other part being added when you first commence to mix the dough , which is made a little lighter
than it would otherwise have been required , on account of the sponge being rather of a softer consistence ; these two are then mixed together , ( that is the dough and reserved sponge ) , wrapped up in a sack or flannels , and laid in a warm place . By the time the process of dough making is finished , this is ready to make into rolls of whatever nature may be required . In other cases , especially where the quantity is large , the dough is made overnight , at the same time the sponge is set , a necessary por * tion of ferment being reserved or set for the purpose ; this is then read ; to commence on tbe first thing in the morning . Thus , if there are three men employed , two of them proceed with the dough , and the other with the rolls . As soon as the dough is finished , they also assist with the rolls ; these are all got ready , and often a half hour or more to spare before the time they are required . The batch follows in rotation , the oven is properly attended , and the master is enabled to have the management and command of his business . The first hatch can
be m the shop by ten o ' clock , the oven again ready for bakings by eleven ; a second batch can follow this , and even a third , and whole be done by seven , and the sponge set between eight and ten o ' clock in the evening , Now certainly this is a . better system of doing business than that practised in London , besides being of advantage to both employer and employed . — . Head , Author ofPrae tied Bread Baker . [ Even the "improved system" sujjijcstcd by Mr . Read , appears to us to be a system of miserable slavery ; for what else can labour be called which consumes a man ' s time from five in the morning till 8 or 10 at night ? If we are not misinformed , they
manage these things better in Scotland . In the West of Scotland the hours of tbe operative labourer are from five in the morning till five in the evening ; and as regards hot bread in the morning , there is no lack of that , hot bamber rolls , and hot bomber scones , may be had by or before eight o ' clock in the morning . Why could not the same system be established in this country , in London as elsewhere ? The bakers are degraded , self-devoted slaves , if they do not rise against the present atrocious system , —Ed . N . S . ~\ gar Since the above was in type we harereceived the following interesting communication concerning
THE SCOTTISH OPERATIVE BAKEItS . TO TBE ED 1 TOE OP THE KO&TBEBN STAK . Dear Sir , —I have juBt done reading the extract from "the Practical Baker , " by Mr . Reid , and your comment thereon , and beg to return you my most sincere thanks for it , flttd your manly exposition of the wrongs of the . working classes of whatever denomination of labour they belong to . I never wrought in London , and therefore cannot speak by experience of the horrid systems that the Operative Bakers in London have to endure , but from what I have heard from' those who have worked there , it is high time the operatives should arouse themselves , and try to ameliorate their own condition , as we have doue in Glasgow , Edinburgh , and many other towns in Scotland within these last ten or twelve months . For a very long period the operative bakers have been the most
enslaved , degraded , and ill-paid class of tradesmen . Id Edinburgh , Glasgow , and many of the large towns in Scotland , they have had to work 12 , 14 , 1 G , 18 , and in some cases to 20 hours per day ; » nd for a very scanty wage . Now it is happily otherwise . About a twelvemonth ago , ait association was got up for the purpose Of petitioning Parliament to regulate their hours of labour , but after they saw the fate of the " Ten Huurs Bill , " thr j abandoned the idea of petitioning , ami sent in circulars demanding Of their employers io work onl y tn-elre hours per day , ( meal hours included , ) and to be paid in cash for tbeir labonr , most of them being boarded in their masters' houses before . The Glasgow bakers were tbe first to send in their circulars , and tbe masters immediately acceded to their just demands ; Edinburgh followed and succeeded , and so on the smaller towns . Now tbey only work from 5 in the morning tu 5 in the evening , and
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will not work longer except m cases of emergency , / and are paid extra for what on rework they have done . lam sorry to gay t at in some { la < es they are not working on tlie new system as yet , but it is the man themselves that are to blame , by their apathy and indifference to their ( vm interests and if they do not take advantage of the movement going on at present , another opportunity may not occur again in a huiry . Nothing but union and firmness of purpose is required amongst the operatives , and what it to hinder them from gaining an object to desirable as the short hour syttem , compared with tbe abominable long hour system .
Now I don't see what is to prevent the men of London from following in the wake of their Scottish brethren , people cannot want bread , and what is better , they wont . Now if the operatives of London and elsewhere would unite as one man , and make a stand for their rights , I am not afraid but they would be successful , and would earnestly urge them on to commence the good work , and try and get tbe night work done away with altogether , —no time like the present . Again thanking you . I remain , dear Sir , Your obliged reader , James Faplds ,
THE RASCALLY FREE-TRADE MANUFACTURERS OF ARBROATH . The Star being the only organ through whieh the stifledj voice of the oppressed working man is heard or finds an advocate , perhaps you would give insertion to a short detail of the manner in which our Free-trade employers in Arbroath propose to treat usytheir canvas weavers , when we ask to be sharers with them in the benefits of Free Frade . In the course of last summer , when the news arrived of the success of the Premier ' s measure in favour of Free Trade , the joy of the mercantile gentlemen here knew no bounds . At the hotel they dined sumptuously , and drank health and long lite to Cobden and the League . Us , poor wearers ,
waited patiently for any crumbs that might fall from our master ' s table . In a few weeks after the town was placarded , announcing a grand procession in honour of the triumph of Free Trade ; the working classes were ordered to meet at a certain place on a certain day . Obedient to their masters , nearly all the workies assembled at the place of rendezvous , and from thence were marched through the town by the superintendent of police . There was a few of i he poor weavers who had the audacity to come with fustain jackets on , having no other , they were told by the worthy captain of police to begone , the nasty , dirty iellows . The triumphal procession being over , tbe working men were ordered to assemble in their respective workshops in the evening , and await their masters' will ; they did so , and were regaled with a drink of Scotch porter ; nay more , the masters condescended to quaff a mug of porter , toasting the
health of the champions of Free Trade , amid the uproarious plaudits of their slaves . We really thought we had reached the promised land , no more poverty , — " high wages , cheap bread , " and all the tine things the modern Moses had promised would take place immediately . We never doubted but that the masters when their rejoicing was over , would give us an advance on our wages . There were a few Chartists , who , of course , shook their heads ominously , as if to remind us of the prophetic warnings of the Star . A number of weeks passed over , but there was no word of our wages being advanced , provisions were getting enormously dear , we began to get a little uneasy , a meeting of the weavers was convened , and it was agreed to solicit an advance of sixpence on the bolt ; this was a moderate demani , aSmit one shilling on our week ' s wages . Deputations waited on the masters and solicited the advance , but to our dismay we met with a decided negative .
There are two firms in the town , at which a number of their looms were empty , the weavers determined to assist no person that might come in to learn unt'l the masters gave the advance , and declared those two factories in a state of blockade . The masters then turned out a great number of the bands , and went round the town requesting the other employers not to give the men they had discharged any work ; We that were in work subscribed a little to support their wives and families , and sent the men elsewhere to look for work ; most of them got work on the railways , much to the discomfiture of our masters , one of them having got pressing orders in hand , and afraid of losing them , called in the men , and gave them the sixpence advance ; of course the
rest had to follow , so far we were successful , not for long however . In the course of the second week of the advance , we observed the masters clubbing to * gether , and holding hole-and-corner meetings . Printed bills were now served on the weavers , announcing their intention to reduce our wages , stating that merely as an act of grace , and in consequence of dearness ot provision , they would only take threepence off the sixpence recently given . That portion of canvas wrought with the fly shuttle was formerly paid three-pence under the handwrought webs , this combination of masters reduced them sixpence under the hand-wrought webs , chiefly
as the instigation of a needy adventurer , who came down from the highlands , with all his wealth in a wallet , but who has become rich by cheating the working man . The weavers convened a meeting , and appointed six of their number to wait on the masters and reason with them on the injustice of their proceedings ; the masters would not hear any reason on the subject , but told them that they had combined , not for the purpose of keeping up the price of cloth , but to keep down to starvation point the weavers wages ; and more , that if the weavers in future dared to ask an advance on their wages , they would turn all their hands out to starve .
This is the treatment we are to get for our ? share of Free Trade , after all the fine promises they held up to us during the agitation of that measure . We have no funds to meet any emergency , we are not combined , our position is humiliation indeed . We , out of whose sweat and skill our masters' lordly mansions rise , are denied the commonest necessaries of life . Our families are growing up in ignorance , we live in miserable hovels of garrets , pay exorbitant rente , whilst those cormorants live in palaces and riot in all the luxuries of Dives . Foreign flour coming to our harbours is bought up by wealthy shopocrats , who stove it up in ware-vooms , —not a pound of it will they sell until it reaches an exorbitant price ; thus they create an artificial famine when they please , and we are , with our families , starved to death with cold and hunger . 0 FOR THE LAND AND THE CHARTER !! One
word to the weavers generally . Part of the blame rests with themselves . "Why do tbey not keep out of the dram shops ? at many as passible join the Land Company and the National Trades Union . There is no class of tradesmen in more need of being united than the weavers . The local newspapers in this cold nothern region will not give insertion to any matter that might be displeasing to our employers . We , therefore turn to our only friend the Northern Star . A Sailcloth Weaver . Arbroath , November 23 , 1846 .
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UMTED TRADES . Eaolesham . —A meeting of the weavers and spinners was held in the Hallon Monday night , to hear a lecture from the missionary of the association , Mr . Jacobs . The lecturer entered into the evils machinery had entailed on the weavers , and set forth as the only remedy , the purchase of machinery by the trades , which the association would enable them to do ; then the monster would work for the people instead as now . against .
Greenock . —Tuesday—Mr . Jacobs lectured to the Coopers of Greenock . in the Ivy Lane Hall . The lecturer concluded a soul stirring lecture , with an appeal to the meeting , to join and help to make the association the British Lion , and then the Times itself would fear to " Beard him in his den . " A resolution that the Coopers of Greenock do join immediately , was carried unanimously , after which a vote of thanks tu the lecturer , and the meeting separated . Wednesday—Mr . Ja cob 3 lectured to the Boiler Makers in Ivy Lane Hal . After going into the question of grievances , the following resolutions were moved by Mr . Peacock , and carried unanimously
'•That we , the United Boilers of Greenock , being deeply impressed with tbe conviction that isolated Trades Unions are not in themselves capable of giving that protection to labour which it deserves and requires ; that hitherto all local unions hav « failed , with very few exceptions to acquire for themselves any just demand through strikes supported by local means , hereby resolve to do all that lays in our power to urge the necessity of the whole of the Boiler Makers in Scotland joining the Nationol Associa tion . That we the Greenock body , do join from the first of January , 1847 , and request all the lodges to do likewise .
Thursday—Mr . Jacobs lectured to the trades of Alexandria Vale of Leven in the Odd Fellows Hall . Tne lecturer set forth injuries inflicted on the trades by the encroachment of the master class and competition of machinery , and reading a text from them , introduced " the Monster Combination" as the only remedy , of which all seemed fully convinced . A resolution approving the association was carried , and the Block Printers expressed their determination to join . Friday—Mr . Jacobs lectured to the Block Printers of Paisley in the Concert Hall , which was crowded wiih a very attentive audience , who expressed themselves thoroughly satisfied with the progress of the association , and duly honoured by their title in the Times . Saturday , —Mr . Jacobs addressed the PlumberB of Edinburgh in Cranstones Hall , High Street , who agreed to discuss the subject of joining forthwith ,
TO THE FRAMEWORK-KNITTERS OF THE THREE COUNTIES . Friends , —Several persons having applied to us on the question of charges , tickets for work , anil especially the frauds and abuses in what is technically termed the cut up work , desiring us to ascertain whether it would be possible to bring a bill before the Legislature to amend the present act , aud to cripple , as far as praetical , thefraudulentorspuriousmanufuctures inthiscoun try , we thought it our duty to make the necessnry enquiries on these points , The questions bavebeen submitted to
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gome few gentlemen , and they think it highly necessary that aomethiny tftouW be done , to arrest the onward course of spurious manufacture , and the exorbitant uemands made on the workmen , whether in full work or half work , in consequence of whieh , we submit the case to the trade in general , and solicit their opinion . Any communication from trades or individuals on the question , will bo thankfully received , addressed to T . Winter * , 78 , Bedford-street , Leicester . ' We are friends , yours , < bc Thomas Winters , George Buckby , Daniel Lucas . L « iceetcr , Nov . 23 . 1846 . NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED
TRADES . In consequence of the ferment caused by the attempt of the carpet weavers of Kidderminster , t < obtin a portion of those "higher" wages prom . ned as one of the blessings of Free Trade , and the extraovdWy lett <* of tha Rav . John Downall publuhec in the Ten Towns Messengers , by this Minister of Peace and Herald of Glad Tidings , written , as the reverend gentleman has since admitted , on evidence furnished by the employers , against the men on whose behalf he was requested to interpose his merciful aid , the operatives sent a request to the Central Committee of the National Association , [ to send down an agent to tike such steps as might be deemed prudent in the excited state of the town . Mr , Robson
was accordingly despatched , and on Monday , November 23 , a great a public meeting was held at the Albion Tavern , the large ball , said to be capable of holding fifteen hundred persons , was crowded to excess . Mr . Ayres , town councillor , was called to the chair , and complimented the operatives of Kidderminster on their forbearance and general good conduct ; he briefly stated the object of the meeting after which Mr . Robson , in his usual eloquent and convincing style , addressed the meeting at considerable length , completely demolishing the web of sophistries woven by the Rev . Mr . Downall ; he said that the rev . gentleman with a committee ot operatives have already admitted that he had proceeded on a wrong data ; that in " more prosperous times ¦ the carpet weavers wages did not average more than tacntv shillines ner week , instead of thirty , as he
stated in his letter— " ( hat in his statement of their immoralities and improvidence , he did not mean to inculpate all , —there were many exceptions , many really careful , prudent , self-improving men amongst them , many men of character and intelligence . The reverend gentleman was now ready with Mr . Best ( ex-mayor ) to bear honourable testimony to the peaceable and orderly conduct which characterises the working classes of that town , and to state his conviction " that the working men of h < dderminster are an example to every manufacturing town in tne kingdom . " Now , friends , said Mr . Robson , I leave the incumbent of St . George ' s in your hands . After exhorting the men to adhere to each other . ana to their association ; to be peaceable and vigilant , assuring them " that the good time was coming , Mr . Kooson resumed his seat amid loud and long continued ap-¦
plause . , ,. , Several other speakers addressed the meeting , ana the following resolutions wera adopted by acclamation : — " That in consequence of the general refusal of the master carpet weavers to grant our very moderate request , we hereby resolve to watch vigilantly , and seize the first opportunity of obtaining a just remuneration for our labour . " That we deem an adherence to the rules and principles of the National Association of United Trades , the best and surest means of obtaining a quick redressal of our trade wrongs . " That the best thanks of this meeting are due . and are hereby given , to Mr . W . Robson , for his very able ' address and untiring exertions on our behalf . " After a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting quietly dissolved .
BRIDGENORTH WEAVERS . On Tuesday , November 24 , a public meeting of the carpet weavers was held in the Town Hall , Bridsjenorth . when Mr . Robson very ably and eloquently addressed the meeting . Similar resolutions to those passed at Kidderminster were adopted , and the meeting quietly dispersed . UNITED TRADES FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF LABOUR . We understand that in consequence of the increase of business at the " Workman ' s Own Shop , " DruryJaRe , and the desire generally expressed , for the establishment of a depot for the sate of goodB manufactured by operatives , much more extensive premises are about to be taken for the purpose .
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THE SHORT TIME QUESTION . RENEWED AGITATION FOR A DIMINUTION OF-THE HOURS OF LABOUR IN FACTORIES . Bradford . —We learn by the Wakefield Journal that a meeting took place in tbe Temperance Hall , Bradford , on Friday evening , the 13 th instant . No report of the meeting reached us or it would have been inserted in last Saturday ' s Star . Joshua Pollard , Esq . presided over the meeting , and the speakers were tbe Rev . Dr . Scoresby , the Rev . John Carey , the Rev . John Frost , the Rev . W . Stirling , Mr . Oastler , Mr . A . Smith , Mr . C . Walker , Mr . Rawson , and several working men . AU the resolutions were unanimously adopted . This meeting was remarkable for the number of clergymen and manufacturers who co-operated with the factory operatives in the proceedings .
Mr . Oastlee at Keiqhlst . — We gave in our last a short account of the meeting at Keighley , we now give the following extracts from Mr . Oagtler ' s speech ;—May 1 be permitted to ask whether all the able-bodied men that I see here are in a condition to go out in the meming and work a good day ' s work , and come home in the evening with wnges sufficient to buy comforts for themselves ( and thoir families ! ( " We are not . "J You are not , I recollect being toW , when certain measures wert proposed in this town , by tivo of your representatives in Parliament , with whom I held a discussion on those measures , that theii' passing would bring society into a happy state , I denied it . Here then I have a living testimony that what they said was false , and that what 1 said has unhappily proved true . ( Cbeers . ) > You are not still able to go out in the morning , and work a gcod
day ' s work , and come homo in the evening with plenty ol money in your pockets to buy the necessaries of life without the comforts—are you ! ( Cries of " No , no . " ) I see large mansions in this neighbourhood , and I knew their owners , who now carry coachwbips , when they had cart whips in their hands . ( Hear , hear . ) I know the history of till the men that live in those mansions , tion is it that tbey should huvo thus risen up in tbe world , and that the labourer cannot get any of the fruit of his labour ? I was coming to town to day on the outside of a coach , and I happened to fall into conversation with the diiver . I st . il , " Are you not in a eurious state here in Keighley ! " " Yes . Sir , we are . " " Which side has the right of it ? " I said . " Why , " said he , " Sir , perhaps you are a manufacturer , I had better say nowt about it . ( Laughter . ) " Tliat is quite enough , " I said " I see
that you are all tlaves . " ( Hear , hear . ) The coachman d . tre not say what he thought to a stranger in Keighley , ltst that stranger might happen to be a slaveowner . ( Cheers . ) " Well , well . " said t , " I am not a manufacturer , I will do you no harm . Which side is th » right ? , ' I think he gave me the wisest answer I ever heard , and I hope that answer will go on the wings of the press to London , | nnd that Lord John . Russell will read that answer of the coiich . driver at Keighley . It was this" That trade is worth nowt that won ' t keep baith measter and man . " ( Great cheering . ) 1 heard the whole of the debate on the Corn Laws , night after night , - in the House of Commons , and I do not hesitate to say , that I did not hear , on either side of the question , so much to the point upon which they were arguing , as I heard from your own coachman , as I came in here to-night . ( Cheers . )
1 hope Lord George Bentinek , Lord John Russell , and Sir Bobert Peel , the three heads of the three parties , will read what I say , and take occasion , when they are in dilliculties on questions of trade , and know not how to extricate thoraselvflg , to write a short note to your coachman to give a pithy answer . " That trade is worth uowt that won't . keep both . " ( Cheers . ) [ The speaker was interrupt ! , d ' in consequence of some females having tainted from the exhaustion occasioned by the crowded state of the room . ] I wonder any female can stand it , it is so hot . ( Loud cries of " We ase used to it . " ) Ah , let that go to her Majesty , and let her know that her liege subjects in Kefg hley are used to a more hot and oppressive air than this .. ( Hear , hear . ) I will never forget , when I come to Keighley , that it was iu this town—aud it is upon record in the archives of England—that a poor
little factory cbild , after having been complete !/ exhausted by her daily labour , was compelled to offer . a penny ^ . to one of her stronger comrades to take her last hour ' s labour . As she wended her weary way from the mill to her home , she had to rest upon the roadside , and had to be lifted and dragged the remainder of the distance by her companions . ( Hear , hear . ) I shall never forget that Sadler afterwards immortalised her in one oi his beautiful poems— " The Factory Child ' s Last Days . " Yes , she was put to bed , and her father hung over her all night , being afraid that the factory bell would ring before she awoke to go to her next daj ' s work . He watehed ever her all night . The little creature spent that night in fits and starts , but the last start—the last death start of that British labourer was when the factory bell was ringing , and-she died . ( The recital of this
narrative excited the most intense sensation , and atfected to tears most of those present . ) Ah , it was in this town . I do not forget that . When I come to Keighley I feel as if some new strength was given me to plead this sacred cause . She was not the only victim by some hundreds , but she was the one Parliament was informed of . I think this independent BrititU labourer was a female of suven years of age . She was worked to death to maintain our institutions ^ ( Hear , hear . ) Is that protection « ( No , no . ) Is that freedom ! ( No , no . ) Is that Christianity ? ( No , uo ) Is that Immunity ? ( No , no . ) Then that system cannot stand . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Oastler , after some further remarks on the advantages that had already been derived frsm the Short' Time agitation , said he was commissioned by their friend , Mr . John Fieke » , to ask whether it was true that the operatives . m the manufacturing districts were satisfied with
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an Eleven Hoiiri'Bill ! " ( Falie , false !) He had heard tbat stated , but that there might be no doubt about it , if there were any one present satisfied with an Eleven Hours' Bill , let him any it at once . ( Loud cries of " We will have eight . " ) After some further remarks , Mr . Oastler resumed his seat amid loud cheers .
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MEETING AT BEWSBURY . On Friday a public meeting was held in an unemployed mill belonging to the Rev , W . Sharp , for the purpose of considering the propriety of petitioning Parliament to reduce the hours of labour in factories from twelve to ten ; and ot adopting such other measures as might be d eemed necessary for the promotion of that object . The Rev . Thomas AHbat , vicar of Dewsbury , was called to th » chair . The Chaibman said , the first meeting he had ever attended in Dewsbury was one in favour of a Ten Hours ' Bill . He was convinced then that they had justice and mercy on their side , and consequently he was never disposed to desert them on any occasion of this kind . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Oastler had been one of their great leaders , and he ( the Chairman ) was rejoiced to see him once more among them , and hoped victory would crown their efforts . He knew that much might besnid in favour of a Ten Hours' Bill , but his duty as Chairman was
rather to bear others than to speak himself , He had never considered the Ten Hours' Bill as a matter of wages ; he looked on it as a matter of justice and mercy . He did not believe , however , that the Ten Hours' Bill would reduce wages , They might be temporarily affected by it , but in general they were only affected by the supply of labour and the demand for it . When there was a large quantity of work to be doue , and only few hands to do it , wages rose , When there was little to be done , and many hands to do it , wages declined . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) The Ten Hours' Bill would have a tendency to decrease tbe quantity of labour in the market , and thus to raise rather than lower wages . ( Hear , hear . ) A great many of the millowners were with them on this question , and the next time the friends of the Bill met , he hoped it would not be to advocate that just measure , but to rejoice that it had passed both Houses of Parliament . ( Cheers . )
Mr . Beooke was rejoiced to see Mr . Oastler present , and thought the meeting could not do better than by giving three cheers for tha " good old king . " ( Great applause . ) He ( Mr . Brooke ) was sure the working men of England had not a warmer friend than Mr . Oastler , who had taken up this subject , and continued to advocate It solely for their benefit . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) The operatives would prefer a Ten Hours' Bill for nil , to the present arrangement . They were not satisfied with the short hours' system . Msny people would not let their children go to the mills , for the small pittance received as wages was 6 pent in finding them clothes and making them cleanly . But a ten hours ' system would do away with this . The children would then be taken in at the age of ten , which was quite early enough , and the day made ten hours instead of twelve . Wages then would be equalised . The ten years old children would get good
wages for ten hours , and the other operatives would get the same amount they were ho < v receiving for twelve , He had seen it asserted on good autbority , that the mas chinery at present read y for use in England would do as much work as 600 , 000 , 000 hands . If that were so , it wa . impossible that they should ever see a time when there would be ten hours' work for the whole of the . operatives in England , ( Hear , bear , ) Those employed in agricul . tural labour , which was more healthy , never worked more than ten hours' and why should those who laboured in the mill and in the most unhealthy of atmospheres , be compelled to work longer than out-door labourers ? Mr , Brooka concluded by moving : — " That a reduction of the hours of factory labour is a growing necessity , from the great increase and high perfection , of machinery , the use of which is to lessen and not to augment human labour . " '
The Rev . W . King seconded the motion , and it passed item , dis . Dr . Hemmingwa y moved the second resolution , which was seconded by Mr . H . Cullingworth . Mr . Oastlee tben came forward and was loudly cheered on his appearance in fiont of tbe platform . After some preliminary remarltB , Mr . Oastler said that the only check that could be given to home and foreign competition was to regulate the aupply to the demand , and thereby place our manufacturing interests on such a footing , that each operative in his sphere might be working for some other operative in some other sphere , and that those two operatives might b « mutually contributing to each other's wants . ( " Very good . " ) I am glad to hear a working man lay that that is good , for that is the only foundation on which the home and foreign trade can be built .
( Hear , hear , bear . ) It is the only foundation , which will enable the operative in any branch to receive a just remuneration for his labour . For of what avail is it to your trade if you , the manufacturers of Dewsbury , can only make blankets for the people in London , Paris , or the West Indies—you want to make blankets for yourselves . ( Cheers . ) Have you got as many blankets as you want at home ? ( "No , no . " ) The reason is , because there has not been a proper regulation in the exchange of the different products of industry in this country , and it is absolutely impossible that a profitable exchange can exist , unless you have n regulation ; and the first step towards the regulation of domestic industry is to reduce the time of labour of those persons who are already worklug longer than nature can sustain . ( Hear , hear . ) There will be a good deal to do afterwards ; but that is the first
step you can take ; and if you do not take that step , you must be content to make blankets for other people , and jfo to bed without them yourselves , I shall read to you what Mr . Halliley told me 15 years ago , relative to home con sumption , and which , that I might make no mistake , I read to him previous to its publication ; but he did now allow me to give his name . He said , 'he happened to be in London ; an acquaintance of his said , " Mr , , you understand the quality of woollen goods . and can spare £ 5 . 000 outof your concern . I will put £ 5 , 000 to yours , and ( will show you how to make money wholesale . ' My informant asked his plan : ' You shall go with me into the City to-night , and I will show you how it is done . ' They went in the dark * o one of those streets running from Cheapside" < - ( in those days the harpy was ashamed of his trade , and the poor fellows having beeneouirJit up in the
day time by' the runner * , ' mot him in the night by . appointment ; now they sin in the face of day , and boast of their prosperity in Parliament)—they entered a warehouse—in a trap there was one head of game secured ; the poor manufacturer opened his bale of goods ; my friend examined them , and deelared that they were ' cheap' at the ' invoice' price charged by the manufacturer , The poor fellow was in distress' the bale of goods was worth £ 140 , and £ 70 must be had next morning , or a prison must have been his home . The ' wholesale money maker' satisfied himself in . the just charge in the invoice , and of the absolute necessity the poor man was under it , receive £ 70 next day . He took his pen , and wrote at the foot of the invoice , ' by fiftjr per cent , discount for cash , £ 72 10 s . ' Then handing the document to thepoor manufacturer , he taid , * I don ' t want the goods , you
want the money—you can have the amount ii ; themorninp—I shall give no [ more . ' The result was , the offer of one half the valuo was taken ; and these goods were afterwards sold to the ' cheap shops , ' and were shown to other manufacturers , in order to reduce the prices of their goods . My friend said , as he went away , ' Is this the way you would teach me to make money by wholesale ? I'd rather take a pistol and turn highwayman , fifr business is Honourable and gentlemanly in comparison with such cowardice , meanness , and cold-blooded cheating as I have seen to-night . ' I need not say my informant resisted the luring bait . The other followed the unholy gain , got rich , and now boasts of the ' prosperity of our manufacturing districts . ) just because he is enobled to find a man in misery who fell into his ' trap , ' and got fleeced by his relief ,, and who , by lifting him up to
prosperity , are sinking themselves in despair an J poverty . " He ( Mr . Oastler ) denied that we ought not to limit our exports to the wants of foreigners , and when he was young that used not to be the case . Instead of the English merchants sending their goods to the foreign nurkets , the foreigners came here , and gave good price . Talk of improving the condition of the working classes ! When be was a young man , he found his father's cropeprs and weavers having their leg of mutton and their loin of veal ; and their Yorkshire pudding , aye , and their currants in their Yorkshire " pudding . ( Cheers and aery of "The machinery has eat pudding ? , currants , and all . " ) He wanted to e « e those days ogain . But why was it so ? Because they sent tlio foreurners no more than they wanted , and therefore they paid a fair price for what they received . It was a truth whieh no one could gainsay ,
that we had been going on exporting our goods till we gave the foreigners for the same money three times as much as we formerly gave him . ' But had the operatives three times as many blankets ! ( "No , we have none left . " ) Had they three times as much money iu tlttii ' pockets ? ( " No . ") That was a proof that the foreign trade wanted some regulation . And , until we could establish the foreign trade on a good home trade—which we never could do until we put we the working classes of England into the receipt of that which was their due—a fair day ' s wages for a fair day's work—we should never have a foreign trade worth caring for . He had bsen commissioned by Mr . John Fieldcn to ask them whether tbey were for a Ten Hours' Bill or an Eleven Hours' Bill ! ( " A Ten Hours' Bill . " ) Might he then tell Mr . Fiolden that this meeting was unanimous for a Ten Hours ' Bill , ( " Yes ! " ) He now spoke calmly and dispassionately on
this question , because the atrocities of factory labour were now bygone . The little children were not now slain by the inillowuers us he had known them to be ; the little children were not driven to distraction , so that ) they hanged themselves , ns he had known them to be , ( " Oh , shame I" ) The little children had no longer their backs torn by the lash of the overlooker , as he had known them to be , ( " Shocking " ) The little children were uo longer taken up by the hair of their head , and dashed on the factory floor a 3 he had known them to be . (• ' Scandalous ! Horrid 1 " ) The little children were notnow taken trura tbe jenny when faat aaleep , as he had knomi them to be , mid dipped into a tub of oold water . ( Great sensation . ) The little children were not protected by law . ( Cheers . ) But who were to be thanked for that ? who hut such men as Mr . Brooke , Mr , Twcednle , and himself ? Mr , Oastler concluded , amid loud cheers . The resolution was then carried unanimously
Mr . T \ V £ EDale moved , " That petitions to bathhouses of Parliament founded on the resolutions be prepared and signed , und that the workers in each factory be recommended to send petitions on their own behalf . " ¦ ¦ Mr . Woolee , surgeon , seconded the motion , audit was agreed to .
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Oh the motion of Mr . Rnsn # bMH , the secretar ^^ Dewsbury Short Time Committee , seconded by Mr S A vxi of Bradford , a committee , , wa « appointed ai outtlu objects of tbe meeting , and to raise subicr in ^ of a halfpenny or a penny per week to meat th » nee expenses which may be incurred , until an efficien t - ?^ Hours Bill receive the sanction of the Legislature Thanks were then voted to the chairman , and « . usual cheers for Mr . Oastler and others conci ^ . A ? proceedings , "
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MEETING- AT WAKEFIELD . On Monday evening a very numerously attends meeting took place in the Court House , WakefieU for the purpose of petitioning Parliament to enai ? the Ten Houra' Bill . The clergy of this nei « C hood are all for the " Bill , " and several of tC £ nufacturers earnestly desire its enactment Th Rev . Samuel Sharpe , Vicar ot Wakefield , was caffi to the chair . Alter a short address from tlio chl ? man , and letters of apology had been read from Mr * Fielden , M . P . ; Mr . Ferrand M . P . and sever al others , l Mr . Serle moved the adoption of the firatreaolii . tion , which was seconded by Mr . Dawson as fol . lows : —
That a reduction in the hours of factory labour is i growing necessity , from the great increase and high per . fection of machinery , whose use is to lessen , and not to augment human labour : —that long hours , though « first not felt to be so great a social evil , are now found to be very Injurious both to the personal and pecuniar interests of the parties employed . The resolution was carried unanimously . The second and third resolutions , which were similar to tbe resolutions adopted at previous meet , ings , were moved and seconded by Mr . Scholefielda manufacturer , the Rev . W . Tait , and Messrs . Wood and Ash .
Mr . Oastder on rising was received with deafenio * cheers . After some preliminary remarks Mr . Oastletproceeded to describe some of tha past horrors of the fsc . tory system . The children were obtained in the work , houses of the metropolis , of Birmingham , Bristol , Liver . pool , and other large towns . The manufacturers haviog chosen these children according to their strength and health , a bargain was made between tlis workhouse autho . cities and the factory masters . Great inducements were offered to the poor children to give their consent . The ; were told , that if they would consent to go to the a ctories , thi-y would soon become fine ladies and fino gentlemen ; that they would go out gathering daisies and buttercups ; that they would be engaged in fish , ing and walking in the pretty fields , and wear silk
stockings and very elegant dosses . B y such Induce , mentslt was very natural that the poor children should give their consent to go into the manufacturing districts * I have seen many persons who told me how they had been decoyed into the mills of Lancashire and Cheshire . Afterwards persons brought , on speculation , waggoa loads and vessel loads of little children to Manchester , where they quietly put them into a cellar , and there th . factory masters came with candles to examine these poor little children and draft them off to the mills . Mr . Oastler then narrated a case which carae recently within his own knowledge . It was that of a female who bad been taken without her mother ' s knowledge out of a workhouse In London to serve in old Sir Robert Peel ' s mill . The mother inconsequence of the loss of her child , went mad and died
in a madhouse . Inconsequence of the expensive postage , and the child having only 2 s . a year , she only received one letter from her friends in London in answer to one she had forsyarded by & London gentleman who . waB on a visit st Sir K . Feel ' s , and it was only during last session of Parliament tbat she was enabled , nhea in London witb her husband , who was a Short Time delegate , to discover her friends . They had allforgottenher . andit was only through the letter she had received from her father that she could prove her relationship . He ( Mr . Oastler ) hoped she would now come into possession of some property which belonged to her . It was stipulated in her indentures | that she should receive £ 2 from old Sir RobertPeelat thexpirationof here apprenticeship . She never received that money , and he ( Mr . Oastler ) hoped that when Sir Robert Peel would sse
this account in the paper , he would inquire after this woman that he might pay her with interest . ( Cheeri . ) In Sir R . Peel ' s mills there was no cruelties practised , but in other mills the cruelties were too disgusting to relate ' In one mill the deaths were so numerous that the proprietors actually dared not to take all the dead bodies to tbe churchyard , but interred them in other places , lest the notice of the parishioners should be attracted to tha subject . The floggings , hard working , cruel exactions , indecencies , and immoralities of those mills wera recorded in a work written by Robert Blinco , which contained more horrible descriptions of human suffering than ever were
heard of in any region of the world . Fevers broke out in the mills , and the fear of contagion induced the wealthy to get Parliament to pass an Act regulating the labour of apprentices in mills . Afterwards the Irish labourers began to work in the mills , and ultimately the operatires in the manufacturing districts were obliged to let their children go to the mills to make up fot the wages which the improper use of machinery had stolen from them , Mr . Oastler having observed that Robert Owen of Lanark was the first who suggested the adoption of a Ten Hours Bill , proceed to describe his own conversion to the principle of that measure , and concluded a most interesting speech amidst loud applause .
On the motion of Mr . T . Hugh , seconded by Mt Miceetuwaite , a petition to Parliament , founded on the foregoing resolution , was unanimously adopted . Tbe Rev , Pr . Castes was then called to the chair , and the thanks of the meeting having been given to the Vicar for presiding , the proceedings terminated .
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Loss of Life on thk River . —On Tuesday , a youth named Dingle , in the employment of a book * binder , residing iu Percival-street , Clerked well , ac > companied by two other youths , hired a wherry at Ilungerford Suspension Bridge , for the purpose of being rowed to Kew on the business of his employer . They had safely proceeded as far as Battersea Bridge , when they ran foul of one of the bridge supporters , and , although much shattered ^ the boat appeared to have sustained no material injury ; they had not , however , reached Putney before she waa discovered to be filling and rapidly sinking . A boat was immediately put off from the shoua , in auswet to their cries for assistance , but before they could be reached , the deceased and his companions were immersed in the water . By great exertions the two youths and the waterman were recovered , and brou £ b . 6 safely to the snore , but every effort to reach deceased proved ineffectual .
Murder asd Crim . Cox . —The trial of M . Jeune , of the Rue Afontmartre , for the murder of M . Jay , took place last . week , before Ithe Court of Assiies . The prisoner , on being brought in , was at first calm and self-possessed , but on seeing his wife , ivho was in a retired part of the court , burst into tears . It appeared from tbe evidence , that Jeune had for some time suspected Jay of having improper intentions towards Mme . Jeune ; he hesitated , at first , to torbid him his honse , on account of the advantage he gained from him as a customer , but , at length , provoked by his too flagrant conduct , desired that he would never enter tbe doors again , and told him that if he did , he would find him , Jeune , armed to i eceiye him . Jay replied that he , too , carried arms . Notwithstanding this , Jeune was soon afterwards informed that Jay came to the house while he was
absent , and he thereupon determined , on August ; 17 . to pretend to go to Senlis on business , but remained at home concealed ' mth a pistol . Jay , about eight o ' clock , came , and was heard by Jeune conversing with his wife , who seemed to resist his advances , Mt was at length induced to go into the bed-room . Upon this Jeune came from his hiding-place , and finding the two parties in an unequivocal position , fired '( at Jay , ; but though the powder singed his left eyebrow , he was not wounded , and it was doubtful who the bullet , if Jeune put one in the barrel , had not dropped out . Jay turned upon him , and struck him with a knife , and at the same time kicked him . Upon this Jeune drew his own knife , aud stabbed Jay through tlie heart and lungs , and killed him . The jury pronounced a verdict of not guilty , and the prisoner was thereupon immediately discharged . —Paris paper .
Penny Omnibus Model . —A model of the Hew onv nibus intended tobe used by the Economic Conveyance Company in Liverpol has been shown to U 3 [ Liverpool Courier ) . The body of the carriage is divided into three compartments , having separate entrances . The centre carriage is lower than the two end ones , and 19 intended for passengers paying two-pence a mile . The compartments in front and behind are raised somewhat higher , for the purpose of placing the wheels under the body , so that ladies' dresses migW not be soiled by entering or leaviug the ' vehicle . But the most ingenious part of the invention lies in tiio
wheels . There are eight , four under the front carna « e and four under the hinder one ; the whole of which are connected b y bars from the axles , Win * give a uniform motion to the whole , no wheel being capable of moving without giving a corresponding motion to the other seven . Two horses will jienerally > e used , but when the line of route is hilly , three horses will be attached abreast , as in Paris . Em " station in town will be a mile ; and should the pas - sengers wish to ride further , other omnibuses will run in conjunction ; so that the traveller can proceed in another conveyance , either in the same line or at a tangent , sis his business requires .
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[ from the Gazitte of Tuesday , JVouemfer 24 . ] Henry Newton , Northumberland-street , Strand , clivmist —Francis Clark , George-street , Adelphi , jewel-casemii Ker —Joseph Guss , Colcestor , draper — Samuel Garrou , Church-street , ITackncy , surgeon—David Wor thingtw . West Hum , Essex , general shopkeeper—James ^'" , , Edmonton , brewei —John Green , Greenwich , lous "! S " house-keeper—Joseph Coles , Strand , tobacconist—Henry Flower , North-buildings , Finsuury-circus , publisher--William Clay and James Clay , Halifax , woolen manufacturers—James May , Hcdruth , Cornwall , stationer—la " ™ Walton , Leeds , tuflor—Richard Cripps Lhoyds , liver pooif painter — James Vord , Dirminghnm , - hosier— Josq '" . Nii'holls Eilgbaston , Warwickshire , stonemason— ruoui ** iowis , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , hosier ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1394/page/6/
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