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Cwtist ilaifo Contpaim
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.- , ^p^^_ -, , .WMW Cftarttsit InteUtrcncr.
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Jfortftwrnrng jftfttftiB*.
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$Hn!tt;upt&
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TO TUE WORKING CUSSES.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My P * Frikxds— It w * i my intention to hav . e written a long letter o Lord John Russell this day , but the fact of fOUR surveyor having arrived to mark and map jut YOUR estate , has obliged me to postpone it fll next week . I am going to show him that what is pod in his Irish measures he has not borrowed , but axen wholesale , from my letters to the Irish landlords , WORD FOR WORD . But to your business . 1 call your attention to the letter of Thomas Ramon ; the most sensible and valuable letter I have ever
received since the Land Plan was established , and which I answer thus : — "My dear Rawson ,-Many , very many , thanks for your letter , and , in reply , I beg to say , that if a four roomed house costs £ 90 , and a three roomed house costs £ 60 . the owner of the four roomed house , if he chooses to have a three roomed one instead , would be entitled to direct the expenditure of £ 30 in any mode he liked in the erection of out-buildings , and £ 30 in out-buildings will go as far as £ 45 in a dwelling house , on account of no painting , glazing ,
and fine work , and all the rest of it , and stoves , mouldings , doors , and windows . Would to God that every man with four rooms would allow me to build three rooms instead , and expend the I difference in out-buildings , allowing them to add ' another room as convenience . Let all who have j drawn lots on this farm , that wish the change , ad- ! dress rae at once , not through the Star , but by letter , ' ¦ ON SATURDAY next , addressed , "Lowbands , i Redmuley , near Ledbury , Worcestershire , " and Ijwill i nuke arrangements accordingly , but it must be done 1 >
at once , as our carpenters' work , and other work , is Ie going on apace . I am writing very fast , so excuse ° blunders . But this is plain : in future , no reports di of meetings will be inserted in the Sier that do not Ia arrive on Wednesday morning , which is no great ^ hardship . Next week , if the surveying is done , 1 n will name my tour . To-morrow I visit Chelten' U , ?' to meet the little Doctor . You will see the Star .. hi ujbi >* » ut * iit » u ^ uu vvuit iuu mil ace me uiur « s ' )
has now four editors , so that I am not neglecting p Chartism for the Land . They ask me from all 1 quarters , London , Merthyr Tydvil , Manchester , and 5 other places , to have 50 , 000 of last week's letter I printed for circulation . i l Yoa will see Mr . Gurney ' s second letter , and Mr-: 1 Jones ' s answer . I hope you will have as good a ' laugh over it as I had . He need not ask for fair '¦ ¦ [ t
p lay . Every man who has had the manliness to meet us in discussion , has always had fair play . II long to read the triumph . I hope his opponent will meet his every wish , and leave him no cause of . complaint . It is very cold , and snowing ; and I am very anx- ! ions to be in it again : so I must say farewell . We , go on splendidly , and no mistake . j God help the Irish people between Russell and .. their NATURAL PROTECTORS ( BLESS THE j MARK !) . Smith O'Brien is the only Irishman in , ' the House ; he is doing his work like a man . j In leply to some applications , I have to say , that , ' I I
of course , the next estate purchased will be for the 2 nd Section , and for those who are drawn in the next ballot , as it will be bought with their money . We have already expended about £ 5000 of Section No . 2 money on land for Section No . 1 . Your faithful friend and bailiff , Feargus O'Connor . P . S . —Pray read Mr . Roberts * letter to Mr . Duncombt—every word of it .
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TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ . 30 , Mount-street , Hulme , Manchester , 31 st January , 1847 . Dear Sir , —In referring to the columns of the Star of yesterday , I see that all communications in reference to the Land , are to be addressed to you , at Lowtunds , I take the opportunity of sending a few lines to you . Being one of the fortunate allottees for the Red Marley Estate , I received a letter from Mr . M'Giath enquiring what sort of a house I would have erected on my allotment , it being a four-acre one , whether I would hare z four-roomed one or a tbree-rwimed one ; or whether I would have it larger or smaller , the rent being in proportion to the out-Isy ; if larger than four rooms , what amount of capital I was prepared to advance to effect the same . In
answtr to which I submitted to him the following ! questions : —Is it the intention of the directors to erect the necessary out-buildings on only the cot- tages ? my object in asking is , being only possessed ot a limited capital , 1 wish to k » . w if I could have a ¦ three roomed house e . ected , and the difference of tost betwixt a three roomed one and a four roomed one , expense in the ^ erection of out-buildings , rent being the same as if I had a four roomed one , without the out-buildings , and agaia I remarked to him that the capital which the buildings would absorb , being airaneedas above described for me , might perhaps enabltt me to deposit a portion of the money paid to each shareholder on his taking possession , in the bank ot depesit as suggested in your banking system , for locating others , and for a reduction of rent . Thouas Rawsos .
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subscription , and receive £ 15 loan in money , to cultivate their two aerm— £ 32 10 s . their thrte —ana £ 30 their four acre allotments . Such is the mode proposed to make the men of England their own masters . That we have any with to see a complete transition of power from the aristocracy to the democracy we at once deny . But we cannot but vie * with a favourable eye the progress of the land scheme . It was not , therefore , without regret that we saw the plan attacked in the Jfanctoter Examiner ; the party thus attacking it , signing himself "One who has Whistled at the Plough . " Now , this party may have whistled at the plough , bathe has whiBtled in Spain to the sound of the Carlist ballads , as well as to the ballads of the Anti-Corn-Law League , now deceased . This gentleman , having , we suppose , no further mission *
to travel upon for the League , took it into mi head to serve the working classes , by calling their attention to what he calls the illegality of the affair , and its monstrous absurdities and pretensions . Now wa do uot pretend to saj that the Land Company has been legally conBtitotto " , legally enrolled ; of this we profess our entire ignorance , but in thus confessing our ignorance , we have as little hesitation in saying , that we have not the slightest faith in tbe legal knowledge of the " Whistler at the Plough" —indeed , we think that the Whistler had better return to his occupation , as we conceive he will be much more usefully employed in whistling at a pi ugh's tail , than writing- long , tedious and twaddling letters or a subject he evidently knows u t nearly as much about . He disputes tbe legality ; did the whistler never find that out before !—had he never his attention
Irawn to the matter during the existence of the League > it only now , when hb former masters are d « adfficially , —when be has nothing better to occupy hisatentioD , thathe comes forward as a saviour of the poor nan ' s purse , his protector ana friend . It is time to some forth now , when sixteen thousand pounds have een subscribed , when the poor man ' s purse has bees implied . We hesitate not an instant in describing the philanthropy of the whistler as spurious and hollow , fbe had eyes at the tiaie for anything but free trade waddle , he could have read concerning this Land Scheme when it was 6 rst projected . But the whistler had other work—other fish to fry;—the interest of the poor man merited no attention , whilst that of tbe wealthy manufacturer remained unsettled . But , now that the latter has achieved his insane purpose , the whistler has an hour or two to spare , to write twaddle for the benefit of the poor man . We think it would have been more to the purpose , much more to the interest of the working
¦ man , and would have displayed a much purer philanthropy of tke whistler , had he devised * scheme for tbe making of the plan legal—had assisted the directors with his wisdom , i& securing theinterests or the workiug men . If Feargus O'Connor is sincere , honest , and resolved on his present purpose , be will do more good for hU COUntrr than All the united band that ever raved upon the subject of free trade . The Chartist leader may expect opposition from the jealousy and spite of the useless free trade monejocracy ; but let him persevere let him give no cause for suspicion—let him live above it ; let his aim be the glorious purpose of assisting , as Lord John Manners beautifully observed at the Bingley Allotment dinner , "in securing to every raan a stake in the hedge , and he would thereby be rendered a better citizen and a better member of society than he who had none . " Let Mr . O'Connor honestly do this , and he will , we trust , not only receive the support of the independent I portion of the press , but the blessings of those be may ; raise from misery and slavery to honour and independence .
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CHALLENGE TO DISCUSS THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER .
ANNOUNCEMENT . The Leaders of the Chartist Movement having repeatedly challenged all who might entertain opi niong o pposed to their own to meet them in fair and open controversy , Archer Gurney , Esq ., Barrister of the Middle Temple , hereby expresses his willingness to meet any one , or all of them , upon any occasion , before a meeting of the working and other classes ot this realm , in the so-called Tower Hamlets Institute , this Institute being particularly within the reach of those who would take the most interest in the subject . Mr . Gurney ( who offers to support half the j expenses attendant on such public meeting . ) engages 1 to maintain the following thesis , in direct oouosition
to the opinions of the Chartist Leaders : viz . " That the so-called People ' s Charter , consisting in "the well-known Five Points , is calculated neither "to advance nor secure the liberty or prosperity of "the English nation . " All ulterior arrangements may be made by means of letter , addressed to Archer Gurney , Esq ., 4 , Maddox Street , Regent Street . It is hoped that Messrs . Feargus O'Connor and Ernest Jones , who have so often expressed their desire to meet an honest opponent in fair argument before an independent British audience , will not shrink from the opportunity thus afforded them . If they do so , their Bilence can only be construed as the internal consciousness of a bad cause , or , in plain language , as fear .
4 , Maddox-street , Regent-street , 27 th January , 1841 Sir , —The enclosed announcement will be paid for , if desired , as an advertisement , —but I should think it would be more to the honour of the Northern Star and of the Chartists of England , if they made no charge for inserting an acceptance of that challenge to honest political opponents which has beensofre quently given by Messrs . Feargus O'Connor , Ernest Jones , Julian Harney , &c , and published in the Northtm Star ; and indeed the type appropriated to advertisements would be ill-suited for such a notice . When I before challenged to meet the League , I inserted regular advertisements in the Times , Post , Herald , &c , about equal in length to the announcement I now forward , for each of which I paid 10 . < . That was , however , a very different matter . I now
address the organ of Chartism , which has bo repeatedly called for some political opponent , and which will no doubt hail with gladness in its next Saturday ' s number my appearance in the public arena as a consistent opponent of Chartism , " as inimical to the liberties of the English people . " I may go on to state , since I take for granted that you are in constant communication with the leaders of the movement , that if Mr . Feargus O'Connor , or the other leaders , should desire it for the sake of perspicuity , I should be happy to change the words of my thesis , " That the Charter would neither advance nor secure tbe liberties , " into " would prove inimical ( or injurious ) to the liberties and prosperity of the nation . " At all events , I trust that no
verbal objection will be raised to the tens' ) on wbioh I would wish to base the controversy . Of course I should suggest that the upholders of Chartism ( whether always the tame person or not ) , should speak alternately with myself : each , 1 should say , for the space of either a quarter of an hour or half an hour , as might b 9 deemed advisable ; the whole controversy occupying four hours ; in which I , the opponent of Chartism on the one hand , and the upholders of it on the other , should speak for two hours each . It is immaterial to me which speaker opens or closes the discussion . It being always understood that tbe Chartist and Non-Chartist speak for an equal number of times . Any day , next week , excepting Monday , I should be happy to hold myself
open for this meeting . Friends have suggested to me the possibility of the Northern Star shirking the question , and refusing to give that publicity to tbe counter challenge which it has so often given ( in its largest type ) , to the challenge , regarding it as tbe mere organ of a party , and have therefore recommended rae to apply to the Daily News . I believe , howtrer correct their views may be of the impolicy of Chartism , that they do not do full justice to the honest enthusiasm of many of its leaders ; and , there fore , I have no hesitation in addressing this letter to you , ( which you are also velcome to publish ) , and in subscribing myself , in the lull expectation of a satisfactory reply , Your very obedient servant . ., „ . . Abcher Gcbxit . Mr . Hewitt , publisher .
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THE CHALLENGE ACCEPTED ! TO ARCHER ~ GURNEY , Esq ., BARRISTER AT LAW . Sir , —I once heard of a Barrister challenging an officer to fi ? ht a duel through the mess waiter , supposing he would see him first ; yeur modus optrandi is not less funny , as your wholesale " defiance" has come ino my hands in the most roundabout way ; however , as 1 am one of those who feel thankful for small favours , 1 shall deal with it as it you had
adopted a different and more respectful course , and , urstly—to dispose ot your challenge : Y » n n « d better take a friend ' s advice and postpone sraBssasasa TltlTV l ^ rfed to TOUCH on' al wSuL&JK . !!!^ - ^ * *>» A 8 Bbag w « a good dog , butBoiDFAsi was better , you should have withheld even the suppesitiontha yonr challenge would not . be accepted . tiU you had made the exnenment and failed . For my own part , I rather rejoice in my inability to meet yen , because
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1 have a great desire to prove to you , and to the world , that Cbartism does not rely upon any exclusive advocacy to insure that ascendancy , which discussion , above all other auxiliaries , promises . How-• ver , I have-no doubt that an opponent will be PROVIDED for you from the ranks of Chartism , and that your convenience and wishes will be in every way consulted , and all necessary arrangements made . So much for the challenge , and now a word about your letter . It is rather an impertinent letler and savours of conceit . You should have addressed it to me or to Mr . Jones , as for either or both « f us it was especially meant , and , in contemplation 0 ! so great an event- as that of exploding Chartism , you should not have occupied one-half of your let-—
ter about a paltry ten shillings . I have nothing to v .- v 'k ® » rrangeraents of other papers , about which jou are so minute ; but , not to hold you in suspense , you shall not be called upon to pay even the duty for your advertisement , and if the 10 s . was an * ° ]> J . M would have gladly given you £ 10 for the Chartist feast you promise in these days of universal famine . You need be under no apprebetsion whatever of the Star shirking the matter ; it is too watchful for such rare Godsends ; but by all means enlist the co-operation of the DAILY NEWS . As money appears ' to bo an object , I will pay ^ our Wuf of the expense with pleasure . I regret that you should have compelled me to treat both your advertisement and letter with anything like levity . I shall conclude by assuring you , that you will be waited upon and accommodated . I nave the honour to remain .
Tour obedient servant , „ Fbarous O'Cohkob , r . b . —You must admit that so far your wiine * aave been complied with , as I am now writing in Worcestershire , at three o ' clock or . Friday , and on Saturday jou will see your letter and challenge , and my answer , in print . F . O'C .
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CHALLENGE TO DISCUSS " THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER . "
TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC , AND THE LABOURING CLASSES GENERALLY . t IFEiiow-CoCTimMBN . — The censorious and certainly uncalled for tone of Mr . Feargus O'Connor ' s reply to my application , addressed to Mr . Hewitt , publisher of the Northern Star , and through him to the Chartist public generally , for a fair discussion on the ( so-called ) People ' s Charter , renders it advisable forme to set myself right with you by a few plain and honest words , which will , I bare no doubt , be received in a corresponding spirit * f good feelinand candour . Mr . O'Connor , in the reply alluded w , speaking , or rather writing , in a somewhat Autocratic strain , assumes that my application was
intended tor Aim , and adds that I should have adopted " a different and more respectful course . " " Your wholesale defiance , " he says . " has come into my hands in the most roundabout way ; however , as / am one of thoae who feal thankful for small favours , / shall deal with it , " &e ., &c . Now , without dwelling at all on the somewhat doubtful courtesy of such * strain of animadversion , 1 may be allowed to observe that I did not imagine the entire cause of Cnartism , and the whole body of its supporters , to be merged in . the one individual person of Mr . Feargus O'Connor . Whatever respect I may and always shall feel for vast masses of my fellow countrymen banded together for at least patriotic , if even mistaken , purposes , I cannot see that a pceuliar and
extraordinary demonstration of respecs is due to any particular individual amongst that bady . 1 was not aware that an ideal democracy bad so speedily , and in its very infancy , assumed the aspect of a despotism . Air . Feargus O'Connor proceeds to inform me , that my letter is " impertinent , and savours of conceit . " But , fur my consolation , I suppose , he announces that he ( the great man ) will not be able to meet me in the coming discussion ; in which he would , of course , pulverise me and my arguments in a very short space of time ! He says , " For my own part , I rejoice in my inability to meet you , because I have a great desire to prove to you , and to the world , that Chartism does not rely upon any exelusivt advocacy" to insureitsascendancy , &c ., « fcc , 1 really
never imagined that Chartism was so utterly dependent on any one individual as to require his " exclusive advocacy" for its support ! This is , 1 « . t . i , very u > lerMe keeping with the Autocratic , * . ! of the opening paragraph of his reply . Wittt respect t » the elegant allusion as Brag wag a good dug , but Holdfast was a better , " and some other similar "blows , " 1 shall simply leave them on one side , inasmuch as I must confess my inability to appreciate the lull force of their application . For the four or five times repeated sneer , respecting my perhaps needless comment on the price of advertise , ments , ( which , be it observed , appeared in an almost exclusively busmesB-letter , addressed to a publisher . ) i ^ n n ^ *** that Mr - O'C onnor ' s ofler to pay " my hjlf of the expenses" iswhat he has designated
, my entire letter , namely , somewhat impertinent . It ? F ™« t 0 me lhat when mv ° ffer is hailed , as Mr . O Connor hails it , as a " rare Gbdsend , " it could be scarcely necessary to seize upon a single expression in a letter of business which wight not tell well for the writer , and dwell upon this with such uutiuug force and acrimony . I can only now Bay , that , as 1 am desirous to meet as large a body of my fellow countrymen as possible on the occasion of the coming discussion , I should much desire , that thk Masters Insthutios , capable ( I believe ) of accommodating 4 , 000 persona , should be taken for the night , the expenses to be of course divided , as before proposed . I would also beg leave to suggest , ( if agreeable to the Committee of the Chatter Movement , who are , I believe , empowered to act UDon such
occasions ) , Monday , theSthof February , for thispurpose ; the discussion to commence at six or seven in the evening , as may be most convenient to the working clasps generally . Permit me to add , that I have no doubt there are many even amongst the supporter * of the Charter , fully equal to its defence and exposition in a public discussion of this nature . I did , however state , and now repeat , that I do not wish my adverwry to be , of necessity , oue and always the same , because the object of our discussion will be to attain truth , and not an intellectual triumph over one another , " and it might , by possibility , happen that I should start a new train of argument , which might be familiar to one , and not to another , of the chief advocates of the Charter . Without the slightest disposition to " swagger , " I did certainly express myself strongly as to the apparent dereliction of dutv .
Wflicu the absence of the ( so called ) Chartist leaders , might presenton such an occasion . The plain truth "• ( and perhaps I am now imprudent to state this , ) that I feared the friendsof the Charter might scarcely wish for such a discussion ; not because they doubted the goodneBs of their cause , or became they shrunk . m the slightest degree from meeting me particularl y ; but because the Charter might not gain much by a triumph on such an occasion , whilst anything approaching to a defeat might do it at least K Tfu ^ J y- J wi 9 h ifc to to expressly understood that any opposition to " The Charter . " must net be held to apply to the Land Scheme , wnich , to a certain extent , may operate beneficially , in tending to raise the price of labour .
ln conclusion , Fellow Countrymen , let me express my conviction , that you will receive and hear me in that fair and honourable spirit , which maybe expected from an assembly of Englishmen and Freemen ; more particularly , as at least on the subject of the accursed JNewPoor Law , and the Ten Hours ' Bill , our sympathies may , I believe , be fairly said to go together . I hare the honour to remain , in the conricuon of yourintegrity of purpose and earhestmindedneas , as well as that ( I may add ) of your somewhat rough-Bpoken friend , Mr . Feareus O'Connor , Your most obedientservant , Archer Gdrnkt , Barrister-at-Law . 4 , Maddox-street , Regent street . 1 . Feb . 1847 .
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London , 1 st February , 1847 . Dear Sir , —As you have made especial mention ot Mr . O'Connor and myself in the challenge you have given the advocates of the Charter , Mr . O'Connor having already answered you , I need trouble you with out few words in reply . You will always find me ready to face any oppo nents of Chartism , since I believe its principles to have such intrinsic power , that , however great , an in your case , the talents of an adversary may be , it » advocates will be enabled to baffle the defenders of monopoly . But , Sir , since you belong to my own order of society and profession , i should feel it to bv
a matter of pride , it a working man maintained the truth of those principles triumphantly against you ; thus proving to yourorder and profession , that the working men of England are able to defend the cause of justice without Heraldry or Blackstone . Resigning , therefore , to my Brother Chartists the privilege of convincing you of the futility of opposing that cause , but at the same time holding myself in readiness to meet you at any opportunit y , I subscribe myself , Your personal friend , but political opponent , . , „ Ernest Josxi . Avchei Gurney , Esq . Ac . Ac .
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TO THE CUART 1 ST BODY . BaETHHitN , —In pursuance of a resolution adopted by the National Convention held at Leeds in August last , the Executive Committee of the National Chaiter Association request tbe attention of the Chartist body , to the importance of availing themselves of the faculties afforded by the present crisis of political events , in furtherance of the principles enjhodied in the People ' s Charter . In furtherance of that resolution , tbey hare caused the petition for the said bill to be circulated through the country , and have employed the advocacy of Dr . MvDouall in furtherance of lm objects
. i « Iff T -if J ? fund 8 toearryiiigtheteinteiilioTO mto ettect , will be apparent to everyone , and geeinsr how other political movements have been carried in despite of popular conviction , through the means of adequate resources , your committee feel assured that every Chutist ; will afford that pecuniary assistance so trifling for the individual , but so important in its results for the community , the more so-as some have complained of the inactivity of your committee , forgetting thit they spared no efforts to carry the intentions of the Convention into effect , but that it waa out of their power adequately to realise these intentions without the necessary means .
In carrying out the intentions of the Convention , so far you will not be forgetful of tkose who have suffered through the past struggle and therefore , your committee beg to point attention to the annexed memorial , praying for the return of our Char-!?' -jL ' "short you to call publio meetings for this pjnrposc ; - wherever practicable , recommending you to solicit the use of tho Town Hall , and presence , and support of the chief magistrate , and members of the borough and county , wherever such meeting may be called ; and the memorial to be signed by the chairman on behalf of the meeting . Your committee , in conclusion , earnestly remind you , of the importance attaching to yonr present t-fforts , and to showing an accession in the number of signatures to the Petition , as indicative of your increasing power , and unaltered determination to see the principles of the Charter embodied as a statute of the country .
Phiiip M'Grath . Fearfus O'Connor . Thomas Clakk : Thomas W . Whselku . Christopher Dotlb , Secretary . r otTI o F i . l , KI ? N 0 URABLE L 0 RD JO » N RUSSELL , FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY . , Tho humble memorial of the inhabitants of , in public meeting assembled , humbly sheweth , M 8 t John Frost , William Jones , and Zephaniah Williams , were charged before a special commission with being leaders in an insurrectionary movement , which took place in Newport , Monmouthshire , in November , 1839 , and wore sentenced to death , which sentence was commuted by the clemency of her Majesty to transportation for life . For this act of Royal mercy , your memorialists would express their gratitude to your Lordship , seeing that at tho time it
took place your Lordshi p held the highly important otticeof chief adviser to the Crown . Your memorialists would entreat your Lordship ' s attention to the fact that the individuals aforesaid , had led lives of irreproachable integrity up to the period of tke calamitous occurrence which entailed on them the vengeance of the laws of their country . Your memorialists would likewise mention the circumstance that , during tbe elapsed period of their transportation , their conduct has been exemplary to such a degree as to secure for them the highest privileges which the local authorities in the penal colo nies could concede .
That your memorialists humbly conceive that the punishment already endured by these men is amply sufficient to atone for the past , and to keep them and others in the paths of peace , law , and order for tbe future . Your memorialists earnestly entreat your Lordship ' s attention to these circumstances , in the strong hope that you will , in the exercise of the high functions of your office , recommend the aforesaid John Frost , William Jones , and Zephaniah Williams , as fit objects of Royal clemency , and that you will be pleased to adviae the remission of their sentence , and their immediate restoration to their distressed families and bereaved friends . And your memorialists , as in duty bound , will ever pray .
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0 mr MOTTRAM . The following communication will be interestint to oar Chartist readers : — During tbe past summer ami autumn we have been engaged in the erection of a substantial stone building which is now completed . It contains several commodious rooms , libraries , &c , to which have been added a Urge assortment of uneful and entertaining books . The upper room is capable of seating five hundred . The building has been erected , and is to be maintained , by the ) voluntary contributions of the industrious classes , and a sum of from six to seron hundred pounds has been expended in it « erection . This haudtomo edifice i » now used as a Sunday and day school . Thefirstcon . tains about five hundred children of the working classes
, who are taught reading and spelling , —and as so » n us arrangements can be made , English Grammar and arithmetic . Our tiery amialU vicar wishing to be the Alpha and Omega of everything in the parish , has been at no little trouble to denounce the whale fraternity as . infideli . He preaches to small audiences of poor priest-ridden dupes , and thunders bis anathemas from the pulpit , still the institution stands , still it prospers , ThisMeerendgeut . W his tubordinate go from house to house in the hope of coercing their dear parishioners into withdrawing thair children . We regret to lay that coercion hai done what penuatiou could not in some inatancei . But the day s of priestcraft » renumbered-, its foundation , ignorance , iscrumblinit
away . Tbe building is intended to beused on all public occasions , for meetingB , lectures , benefit societies , * c . In conclusion , I must in the name of tbe shareholders , Chartists , and a hoitof friends in the district , request Mr . O'Connor to fulfil the promise he made me at the Mosely Arms , Manchester , in the spring of ' 13 , to pay us a visit We added some thousands to the last National Petition , which number we will increase this time if poanible . Pre . ouming Mr . O'Connor intends visiting Manchester shortly , and being but a few miles fr « m there by the railway , I must request that gentleman to name the time be will come . — He may rely on having a hearty welcome , — and a meeting nothing less than a bumper . Robi&t Wild .
DALSTON , NEAR CARLISLE . Adoption or thb National Petition . —A public meeting ot the inhabitants of Dalaton was held on Saturday evening , January 30 , for the purpose of adopting the great National Petition . At the hour appointed for the meetlfti to commence , Mr . R . Murray was called to the chair , who briefly stated tho object of the meeting . Mr . T . Sowbrbt roBe to move the first resolution , whioh was as follows : — That it is the opinion of this meeting that the exclualon of six-sevenths of the male adult population of the community from the franchise is a direct violation « f the laws of God , inasmuch as gix . sevenths are left to the whim , tbe caprice , aud the tyranny of one-Beventh of the more wealth y ) classes , and knowing as we do that tbe franchise ii the inherent right of all classes of the community , this meeting is determined to use every legal and constitutional means to cause the Ptiople ' s Cherter to become the law ot the land .
Mr . T . Holusd moved the adoption of the second resolution : — . i ! £ ! . » f ? pinion of thlf me 8 tlD s *•* ° > « - titled tha People ' s Charter Is an embodyment of the prlncplos of equal represeatation , with details for securin , their efficient per . tion , and believing that the enact * meat of the said Charter would be followed by measure . wk « ch would enmre peace , proiperity and contentment among all dasies of the community , this meetlnc there fore agress to adopt a National Petition , praying Par . liament to render the document afore . aid a statute of thU realm .
The resolutions were both put and carried . j ^ gTaasas ' srsaa : Wheeler , was pawed unanimously . A vote of thanks was also given to T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., lor his services in the cauac of the working classes .
MANCHESTER . Mr . Dickinson , of Sunderland , delivered a leoture ? n" Ut " » Suffrage , " on Sunday , January 3 lst , in the People ' s Institute . The audience was even larger tnan the two Sunday nights preceding . Many new members have been added to our association , and many old faces nave come amongst us that we have missed for years . . STALY BRIDGE . Thb National Petition . —A public meeting was held here , in the Town Hall , on the 21 st ult ., when tbe National Petition was unanimously adopted .
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LEEDS A requisition is about to be presented to tilt Mayor , equating him to convene a public meet n ^ Jo adopt the National Petition . It trend y numbers ten members of the Town Council , andneveral of the el ect ors . It is hoped that many of the working mm will sign before it is presented . They can do aoTt ( he Bataar . NOTTINGHAM . At a mooting of the Election Committee , the following resolution was agreed to : — That the co-nmittee be empowered to obtain a ravwed Hut of the votes on the Registsr , t . i facilitate tue commit , tee appoints to furnish the desired information to tht Central Committee of London . The next meeting will be holden on Sunday mom-¦ n fj . February 15 th , at the Seven Stars , Barker Gates .
MA 1 DSTONE . , Public Meetings . —On Monday and Tuesday even-¦' p gs -h two lar * ! meatinss were held in this 1 Qry-ndden town , in furtherance of the Land and quarter movements . Both nu-etinas were bumpers , and passed off with the greatest ec'&t . They were 1 ' j £ '' , County Assembly Rooms , and were addr cMjcd b y Messrs . P . M'Grath andT . Clxrk , from London , and several of the working men of the town . NATIONAL VICTIM , WIDOW AND ORPHANS RELIEF COMMITTEE . rt ^ « P ° J ? mittGe held a Meetin ? at tho Lnnd Othce , 83 , Dean-rtreet , Sdho , on Tuesday evening . tchruavyt . be 2 nd , . when 10 s , was Toted to Thomas ttavner Smart , and the like sum to Mrs . Ellia . The Whittmgtonand Cat L-icality arc requested to send a delegate to the next meeting , BOROUGH OF GREENWICH .
The Democrats of this place , held a Public Meeting in celebration of the birth of Thomas Paine , » Hhe Wallers Arms , Chureh-street . Deptlord . on Wediie day evening , Fo ruary the 3 rd .. Mr . Robson very ably tilled the chair , and gave " The memory of Thomas Paine . " "The People ' s Caarter , " waB ably responded to t > y Mr . Stallwoud , as was " The National Co-operative Land Company" by Mr . Morgan , and " Feargus O Conuor and Thomas Duncombe , Esqrs . " by Mr . Firth . * '
LAMBETH AND SOUTIIWARK . At the South London Hall , on Sunday evening , Mr Edmund Stallwood delivered a most eloquent and impressive oration on the life and writing * of that great and good man , Thomas Paine , and prove ., ' rom his works , his consistency , moralitv , ami humanity , Mr . Brown , in a few brief and appropriate remarks . supported the observations of the lecturer—A vott of thanks was awarded to Mr . Stallwood and a like wmpHment was paid to Mr . William Hewitt , who presided on the occasion .
REGISTRATION AND ELECTION COMMITTEE . At the weekly meeting held at the Assembly llooras . 83 , Dean-street , Suho , on Tuesday evenin « K'bruary the 2 nd , Mr . Ernest Jones in the chair , Mr . llornby reported from St . Pancras that they were about to hold a public meetiug in that parish I / nu reP of tlle rate P y ' B clauaeH , over which Mr-Caurchwardea Wagstaffe would preside . Mr . btallwood reported that the Committee had taken the Crown and Anchor for the evenin" of the 17 li instant , that the invitations bad been duly forwarded to the metropolitan members » nd candidates for parliamentary honours , and that Mr . Charles Cuchrane had returned an answer to the effect thai he would attend the meeting and contribute his mite towards liquidating theexpensesotthe same . 1 he Committee then adjourned until Wednesday evening , February tbe 10 th , at eight o ' clock Drecisely . 6
MARJLESONE . At a full meeting of the members , the following res'Hution on the motion of Messrs . Lar « e and Trebilcock , was unanimously adopted . That it is highly desirable that a fund should b « placed at the disposal of the Victim , Widow , and Orphan IWlief Committee , we therefore agree to pay one penny p « rmonth each in aid of the above object , ' ani recommend our brethren throughout the country , to do the same .
SHEFFIELD . The Birth-Day of Thomas Paikb was celebrated at the Hall of Science , on Tuesday ev .-nhi " , February 2 nd , by a Soiree . Mr . Councillor Ironside presideo , supported by Mr . Councillor Briggs , Messrs . Jeriaim , l ( iung , Jackson , Marcha-H , Nelson , Hanson , C . Crour , Huddersfield , and others . The company included a fair proportion of ladies . After tea the following sentiments were spoken to in a scries of interesting speeches- " The People , " " The Memory of I ' ame , ' " American Independence , " " The world our country ; to do good our religion , ; " Tho Rights of Woman , " " All those who have suffered , and arc now suffering in the cause of Libertv , " " A Free I ress , " 4 c . &a . Singing and Dancing formed part ol the evening a entertainment .
Cwtist Ilaifo Contpaim
Cwtist ilaifo Contpaim
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PETKRBonouGH . —At the usual weekly meeting of the Peterborough branch ot the Chartist Co-opera - tive Land Company , held at the houseof Mr . Scholey , Booncate , the following officers were appointed : _ Mr . John Walker and Mr . Charles Tueobald auditors lor six months ; Mr . Thomas Meads , scrutineer for the month ; Mr . Francis Brooks , treasure :-, and Mr . Edwin Sckoley , secretary , with a committee for the next six months . It was also a « reed that one shilling and threepence be charged per member per share for local ' expenses . Members can be enroled at the UBual place of meeting , or at Mr . E . Schsley ' s Midgate . '
IIINDLEY . The members of the Land Company of this locality , celebrated their first anniversary , by a tea-part v on February 1 st 1847 . Tke Laud Plan and the Spaoiiity el tue Land were commented on by Mews Hyton , Morris , Cooke and Ilotculuss . Tho follow ! ing resolutions were passed : — Moved by Peter Higaon , gecouded by Thomas . Morris . ' Thata vote of thanks and confidence in Mr . O Connor , and the other directors . " "A vote ot thanks to T . S . Duncombe , Esq . M . P . for his advocacy of the people ' s rights . " " A vote of thanks were also given to the Host and Hostess , and the females who attended at the table . " The sum paid during the last quarter , by sixteen members , amounted to £ 31 . 7 s . Two new members entered at the end uf the quarter .
NOTTINGHAM . To the members of the first and second sections of the Nottingham district . The Committee of Management of the Sweet testimonial , - had intended to have presented the testimonial" to Mr . Sweet , on the 1 st of February , if the allottees had then entered upon tho Boringsgate estate but as other arrangements have been made , the Committee beg to inform the members , that the subscription will remain open until the first Monday m March , when it will finally close . Jacob Buatock , Chairman .
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Sauforo . —The monthly meeting of the members of tho National Charter Association wili bo held in their room on Sunday next , February 7 , at two 0 clock in the afternoon , for passing of the accounts and the election of a new council for the next quarter . Tho Chartists of Salford are also respectfully informed that a voluntary subscription has been opened in their room , sot for a pecuniary gift , but , for the payment of a debt incurred on our account due to Mr . O'Connor from the Defence Fund debt . ' Oldhau . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) a lecture will be delivered in the school-room of the Working Man ' s Hall , at six o ' clock in the evening , by a friend . '
RocuDiLR . —Robert Wild , from Mutt ram , will lee turo in the Chartist room , Mill-street , 011 Sunday next , ar two o ' clock in the afternoon , and six in the evening . Bolto » .-A general members meeting of the Land and Charter Association will be held on Sunday evening , the 7 th of February , at six o ' clock—All membere . n arrear are requested to pay up the same or baK lUn 0 tteentit ^ toth «« fsof tUeeMuinJ
hnfc ^ T ^ H m ^ y meet 5 n 6 of the shareholders m the Land Company will be held in the Lecture-room , opposite the Bull ' s Head , Mottrara on Sunday nex , February 7 ih , at two o ' clocktS ? A at , t xT i- ' , * J ? ! " ^ meetin 8 W >» 1 be held to adopt the National Petition , aud to appoint oroper persons to canvass the district for signatures . Notiinquaji . — The next meeting of the Land Hounds , Old Basford , on Sunday evening next , at 8 clock . The supper in honour of tue patrio
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la ? J 2 tahc datUl ° Scw / s u ™ No'ti ^ m ^ on Monday evening , February 8 , at men o ' c . ock . JTl MANCHKSKR ^ -On Sunday , February 7 . Mr . Tom ^**^ » ?* , fflt T Ro . ° hdale . will deliver a lecture in . he \ People s Instituto , Heyrod-treet , chair to be taken , stUnU . paBtsixo ' elouk . and on Wednesday the lQih instant , a public meeting will be hold in the same place , to petition Parliament to nbalish the rate-pay , itw clause of the Reform Bill . Chair to be taken at bibIu o ' clock . Bilstom —A public meeting will be he'd on Mon-Uay tveiiing , February 8 , no seven o'clock precisely , lor the purpose of adopting a petition ta Parliament , praymg for the repeal of the rate-paying clauses of > the Reform Bill . Dr . M'Donall , Mr . Linney , and \ others will address the meeting . Ulackbur * . ~ A meeting of the friends oi Chartism will take place tn Sunday , the 7 th o ? N February , in the Temperance Hotel , Whal ' y Banlv" \ the members of the Co-operative Land Compauy / N / S belonging to the several sections , are requested to ^^ v pay up their local and general expense levies , so as '
v > insure a chance tor the ballot , which taKos place on the 22 nd instaRt . Soem liO . NDox Ciuktist Uavi , 116 , Blftcltfriarsroml .--Mr . T . M . Whceier will lecture on Sund « yening next ,. February tho fib , at ei ^ ht o ' clock pr « - C | 8 ely . Subject— The past , present and future pnspects— political and socisl—of th « people . 1 . IMK 110 USK -Mr . P . M'Grath will attend tha - »„ "'"'* U < 11 ' Ropemaker ' s Fields , on Monday S " " , l F «* ruary the 8 th . at tight o ' clock preuLvini i n a P " tltion for the abolition < 'f tho rate-V 1 aS « . In ^ " ' ™ wi " be submitted . CnSr ^ 'T ^^ y '" 1111 ! ectu « at tho n Tim t ? ArnM i 0 | n »» - » t «» t . ° " Sund w eve-Min j ! next , I-ebruary 7 . Subject—Tim nw ,.. / . # . „» - ui
political arid sooial aff . drs awsSF ^^ fe i m'ttt&zzsa * bebruary the 10 th , at ei ^ ht o ' cWk S when biMMwss of mat importance will be submitted Asskmblt Ro om * , 83 , Dean-street , Soho . l- Mr . John Skelton will deliver a course of ' three lectures at this . institution , commencing on Sunday evening Sunlv « 1 f and «« tlllBill « the two succeedinj theX ^ LlWf : ^ Government ; 'iVu - ? "H *" ' " * * na Distribution ot Wealth and Theology and Education . The lecture w if commence each evening at half-past seven precisely . Thb Pabuamkotar * Mbasdrbs of thb Smion . -Ibe diBcussion on these subiects . at Mm As » mw ;
B » ffcwwtwet , stands adjourned until JS ?; evei » nBnext , February 11 , fnconsequence In ^ feSSd ? " rW 6 I 8 tration meethl ? «» e roomi vXi 77 general meetin S of tbe members of the i p k rt S T Assoo > iti'm will be held or Sun . lay . February 7 at the Ship Inn , at eight o ' clock precisely , on business of importance . IjUbukt . —The members of the Land Company meet at Mr . Heury Brook « , Homend Street , every Monday evening , from eight till nine o ' clock . . ^ T ' " ^ be central conin » 'ke in connection with the case of Dr . M'Douall will meet in the Usrtut room , Bentinck Street , Ashton , on Sunday next , at two p . m ., when the friends of the Dr . ia tne surroundnii ; town 3 are requested to attend . *» " ** Dri tHWji . ' -A wee'ins « held weekly at Mr . J ,, bn Barkers , Wilmn-fold . TownMte . Aritikv .
. "v » wo « l .-. Too Chartists of Liverpool are desirouaofformmga district in connection with this locality , and would he very glad to hear from the ! Z ^ T 7 , keDl l eiMii Cllc 8 ter - Presco * . VUmngtoii , Preston , Lambsrlieud Green , Leatherland , and any other t » wn not mention *! in this list . All communication , addressed to Mr . Fly . Smith , at Street Temperance Hotel , No . 4 , Cazaeau Tn « Livers ol members of the Chavtist Land Company arc requested to attend the quarterly meeting , on next Monday night , at Mr . FatrelFs , temperance Hotel , 4 , Cunoau Street , at eight n clock . LANCieniBB Misers . —Tke general delegate meetmg ot tho Lancashire miners will be held on Monday next , * ebruary 8 , at the houso of Mr . J . Britton , Commercial Inn , Dukintield . Chair tu be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon .
Ivkwion ABBiT .-The members of this branch « f Mie National Land Company are requested to meet on Monday evening next , at tbe house of Mr . John W »» , No . 1 , ha » t Street , at three o ' clock . BiuMtKQHAM .--. Dr . M'Douall will lecture in the Pe « p [ es Hall , on Suaday evening , February 7 , at halt-past six o ' clock . Leem . —The diacDgsion on L « rd John Russell ' i measures for the relief of Ireland will be resumed o-moiTow evening , at half past six , ; by Mr . lMacin . tosh , ilia Council will meet to-morrow night , at nine o ' clock . Norwich . —A Meeting of the National Land Com-W , , , l the Old Library Room , St . *™ 7 " IIa i Norwich , on Wedne » day evening , the 10 th ot February , at half-past seven .
Huddkrsfiixd . —The Members of the Chartist Land Company are hereb y informed , that the Meeting ! every second and last Tuesday evenings ia tlie month , will in future be held a * Ibbitson ' i . temperance Hotel , next dour $ Mr . Pitkethie / g , in Buxton-road , and not at JiimeTN , as heretofore . The next meeting will be on the 9 tli instant . Bristol . —The Members of the National Charter Association will meet at JJliholU ' s Coffee House , 14 . Roseraary-street , on Monday evening rext , February 8 th .
Portsea . —Mvssrs . P . M'Grath , and T . Clark , will addrm a Public Meetiug here , on Monday evening next , February the 8 th . W 1 WCHBSTBR . —O 11 Tuesday evening next , Februarythc 9 th , Messrs T . Clark , and P . M'Grath will address a Public Meeting in this city . Nottingham .-A Meeting will be held nt Mr , Smith a , Temperance Coffee House , Low Pavement , on Sunday morning , February 8 th . West Riding dki , koatb Meeting . —This Meeting will be holden on Sunday , ( to-morrow ) in the working Man j Hall , Bull-close lane , Halifax , to commence at half-past twelve o ' clock . Halifax . Mr . Clissit will lecture , to-morrow evening , at six o ' clock .
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— - ^ v— . DREADFUL MURDER AT DERBY . On Tuesday eveninu , nt 5 o ' clock a horrible murder was committed iu this borough by a man named Cross , who , alter committing the crime , was in the act ot escaping , from his house , when hu was captured by the pelice , and taken into custody . pl per ? £ n wl 10 hl 8 committed this brutal crime ' rn <> ma !<| Cross , . a gardener , living in St . Pettr ' s-rreet , and theoujtets of his cruelty were lm witeand Mra . Osborne , the wife of a baker , rvsiding u < xt door to aim . Cross and his wife , it sei-ms , were in their iiouse alone , and one ot his daughters earning home , and not seeing 'her mother about , attempted to ea
up stairs , whin she was prevented by the father , and an altercation tw > k place . The daughter iustautly went to her next door neighbour ( Mrs ., Osborne ) , and asked her to go in , aud prevail upon lierfniher to permit her to see tier mother . Mrs . Osborne , on going to the house , was savagely attacked by Cross who stabbed her in the neek aud face , and would have murdered her , had not the daughter seized and pinioned his aims . An alarm was given , and Mrs . Osborne , while bleeding in the ; most profuse manner was conveyed into her house , and medical assistance was obtained . 1 ho wounds were found to be of the roost Benous character , tbemoat formidable ono bem * in the interna carotid artery , which was pierced olose to the base ot the skull , llm vessel befns * * * of the most important iu the body , it was , after a consultation , agreed that Mr . Fearn should tie the artery lower down in the neck , which was succeWull *
pertormed , and tbe hemorrhage was arrested , Mrs . O « bor . ie still continues alive . On nearching CroM ' i house his wife was found with her throat cut , Th « poor creature lay upon a bed in the chamber on the nrst floor upstairs , and appeared to have sunk down upon it , as her feet nearly touched the floor . Her right hand watt cut as if she had grasped the edg e of akmfe . and upon her wrist there was a severe wound . Une underneath her chin must havo caused instant Jti j cnnmber floor had an immense quantity t blood upon it , aathough / soraeonekad passed from the window , a distance of a yard and a half , to the wo , and the carpets were saturated with blood . Ihe house was decently famished for poor people , and on the table opposite the fire in the house place were a teaboard with , two cups and saucers , miri th «
7 SFUTFP fill « K ithbl ° <> ° . Bytheadt ol the teaboard lay two knives , one a claap-knifc ° hT , WUl 1 ^ loo < 1 ' tlle one ~> «« ubt whicS CroS had wed against Mrs . Oaborno . The wretched man appears to have gone into a kitchen and washed nis hands , one of which is seriousl y wounded . Mre . usborne was sufficiently sensible to depoBe to the eironnstanees before the mayor , Mr . W . Eaton , but she lies without hope of recovery .
THE Wqi'IST . ,,,, . f Dannv , Wednesday . * ne inquest on the body of the deceased was commuueed thmatternoon , and was adjourned after the reception of gome evidence ( including thntof the pri . wner s daughter ) , which went principally to prov « the attack upon Mrs . Osborne ,
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( From the Oanlte of Tuesday , Feb . 2 . ) Leah Moss , ofl , Liverpool-buildings , Bishupsgnte , to . baeconist-Chitrles Frederick Smyrk , of 13 , Laviu-grove . Warf-rond builder—John Prior , of St . Blaaey , Coruwau tailor—Thomus Bailey , of Wolvevhampton , printer—John Kirkniau , of uottingham , wine merchaut-Thomas Skin , worth , of Bolton , millev-Henty Johnitone , of Sheffleia , merchant-Ednard Smith Of Ouraley , Gtoucestenbire ! kcothecarj .
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE "WAKEFIELD JOURNAL . " Sir , —The article upon theLand in yourlast number , is net the only act of gentlemanly courtesy the working classes have received at your hand . I read it with pleasure , aud assure you in return for it , that if the success of the project depends upoa my integrity , that I would rather go to bed supperless than lessen our purchase money by the amount of my supper . I don ' t want money , and if i had millions , I would spend all on my project and long for more , and be content to die a pauper . I wish all to do as jou have done , to bestow praise and censure where merited , aud to advise and exercise great caution . Yuuhave set an example which many will yet be compelled to follow .
The Land is our only hope of redemption , as all oust soon admit . I should have expressed my thanks more fully , had not press of business prevented me . ' 1 have the honour to remain , Yours faithfully , Feargus O'Connor .
THB LASD SCHEME . tFrom the WolwJWd Journal , Jan . 28 , 1847 . ) Am »! ig { theextMordiaar 5 occurrences of the present d » y none appears mare so than the attempt of the wwrking classes to form a landed democracy . Hitherto the land has formed the property of one body , wni up to the presrnt time ithat been Unfavoured interest of every governto * nt . Title * , rank , cud influence have poured in upon its possessor ! , and they have had , up to the pawing o < the R e form Bill , the goreramentoftfeeconntry in theirhandi , lhat rueature in some degree rendered nngatorj the immense influence possessed bjr this elau , through the admission of the numerous class of small trader * into the electoral ranks .
Cnder the idea , therefore , that all power it derivable T *•!«« . the Chartists have resolved to appropriate . portion of theland to themielves , and under the ltader-« h > P of Mr . Feargus O'Connor they hate purchased a W « PU of tiutes , one of which is nearly ready for the ocwpsuon of iu proprietors . How we do not think wecan I * accused ot a partiality to the doetrines of Chartism . ^ have found man , oUt , ^ . cate . sneh wl ^ pinUdre , « uch wholesale .. Tocate . of extreme measures , invoking £ * overthrow and destruction of every claw and intern * tat ttarown , that we conceive thrat 0 be mostpermoousand destmcure to tbe common principle , of jnrtice " « _ Rool government . But . in refusing our subscription « o « he dogmas of Cnartiim , ws art not compelled therebv w refuse all that is good-independent of that ystem-1 ^ Miatrag from those who profess belitf in iu
doc-Onthi , principle , therefore , we are induced to adv . rt tkm , V £ * Kbtme " " * bett Pr ° P ° siti « n for the clersu n of the workiig classes fr « m thraldom to po *« , and ™ £ * 3 to comfort , that we know of . To attempt a d » - «* ipt , on < rftne Uud whMaein thhplaet wonld exceed r llmit »—mffice it to say that it is « nc which , if pro-J * J « aanaged and honestlj conducted , cannot fail to leTfi ** tte KT" 11 " 1 importance to the class for whose " * 7 ' intended . Upwards of sixteen thousand to * ~ J been alread * su *» cribed by the working men nan , I . ^! M * & * " * land Plan "» and one of the estates , olTl , nnoniao "ftw * e Chartist leader , is to be ») ™ . , thexe ( * P < " » of * e proprietors ia May next—* n « is proposed that each of these will be provided i-b 1 * " *? Md eomfurtable cottage , outhoa . es , 4 c , me , thre ^ fap Ment of lMJ ^ aj ^ jj ,,- , 0 tbt
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AND NATIONAL TRADES JOURNAL . * _ ui
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A amount of their v ,. a . jnu . 485- LONDON , SATURDAY , FEBRURY 6 , 1847 *™™ 7 ^^ TZ — . .. ' Fiw Shilling ., ami Wixi » cncf per Qumter L aov * a «* m . ^ _ # »*_ _ ¦ _ _ — nT——— " ' " ^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 6, 1847, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1404/page/1/
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