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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th May 1847, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      ENGLAND'S MAT-DAI . The young Vay moon was dancing on the lake , Whose irefet cmi'd before the freth ' ning breeze , Thttcune aerois the lawn : twa « notday-break , And thqaundi ilambered softly at their ease , TOuUt birds reposed amongst the leafy trees , Asd stare were twinkling in the broad bine sky , As If design ed to charm the gaze of Katnre ?* eye . But , 6 oon the air grew colder , and the noon Was half obscured behind a mantling dond , And suddenly the darkness reigns , but soon The gray dawn breaks , thenm throw * oShisshrond , And bursting forth with brflEancy , then lend The birds their notes sang sweet in every grove , And Nature seemed one scene of joy and love . It was the glorious first of Hay—a day Shall henceforth shine in labour ' s history ' s page , "When Freedom's path was opened , and the way

      Was thronged with Labour ' s sons of every age , And stares made free marched forward to engage Their natural inheritance , to till The land omlabour's first estate , " O'ConnorrUle . " The fields were green , the flowers fresh and fair , With dew drops hanging from each silken breast . The sportive lambs and bounding deer , the hare Sped lightly o ' er the plains ; amongst the rest The stately swan swam on the pool with snow white breast Amid such scenes who would not rather dwe ll , Than be immured within a factory hell 1 * * And there he boldly stood the pride of those To whom he was " & present" made by one Of tyranny ' s best friends , and freedom's foes , Betrayer qf his country . He is gone ! * * * * * - * . * * * Let Erin weep all hope of glory ' s gone . Her chQirenimghtliave freed ner , if not mad To ipurn the aid of her brave , noblestson . To glut the malice of a vicious , bad Old man , who pilfered them of all they had , Then shared the spoil with vile pla ' w-hmitingjknaves , And sent his famish'd dupes to shroudless graves . But who will dare dispute the honesty Of brave O'Connor , founder of the plan , That ultimately will set Labour free . And teach the millions the true rights of man t Who have been plnndered . since the world began By base land robbers , and such selfish herdes - As lawyers , parsons , and the factory lords ! MlCHAEL SeCBAVE . Barnsley , Hay 22 nd , 1817 .

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      BROUGHAM verms BROUGHAM ON THE NEW POOR-LAW . Br Richard Oastler . London : W . J . Cleaver , Baker-street , Portman square . Atthe present moment , when the vaunted " boon , " acknowledged afailnre by its concoctors and supporters , is undergoing the process of patching and tinkering to prolong its existence , until such time as a Radical Reform of the Commons' House of Parlia ment stall place in the bands of the people the power to utterly sweep it away , —at this moment Mr Oastlerjs pamphlet must command more than ordinary interest , and must commend itself to the pernsal of all anxious to arrive at correct views on the subject therein treated of . The body of the pamphlet consists of letters addressed to the editor of the Ikminq Post , showing np the frauds , ihconsistercies

      and calumnies for which Lord Brougham has rendered himself so notorious . The Dedication" to the Duke of Wellington is lengthy and almost filled with quotations from scarce documents showing the real clmraeter of the Poor Law , and extracts illustrative and defensive of the rights of the poor , from Blackstone , Locke , Grotius , Pufiendorf , Montesquieu , Coke , Paley , Saddler and otters . An " appendix " of twenty-eight pages follows , addressed to Lord John RusselL It would have been well for England's happiness and for Lord John Russell ' s fame , if " his Lordship" had had the moral courage to act on the advice contained in this " appendix . " Friends of the people and enemies of the Malthusian Poor Law , should read and circulate this admirable defence of the rights of the poor .

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      Thoughts on . Va Poor Relief Bill for Ireland . By John . Earl of Shrewsbury . London : C . Dolman 61 . New Bond-street . The argument of this pamphlet is devoted to showing that the Irish Poor Relief Bill will both rain the landlords , and starve the people . The author estimates thenumber of individuals in Ireland entitled to assistance under the new poor law , and possibly requiring its provisions , at five millions . On the other hand , "the great majority of the Irish landlords are bankrupts . " " Two-thirdsof the nett incsmeof land in Ireland goes to the mortgagee , orencumbrancm of one sort or another . " Lord Shrewsbury clearly shows the ineffioency of the Poor Law to cure , or even alleviate the evils it is intended to grapple with ; but he shows also , perhaps without intending it , the horrible nature of Irish landlordism , as proved by its frightful results . Some awfoldetails are given of the misery , pestilence , and death , which have ravaged Ireland during the past few months : and an

      exposure is made of the vampire grain dealers , to read whieh makes one ' s blood run fire . "Never was speculation so rife in every article of human food , and never were the gains of the corn merchant , the huxter , and . the shipowner , so excessive . On one small cargoof maize from St Michael ' s , twothoussnd pounds were realized ! for the very same maize which , in Jone , was tobebouehtat 30 s . theqnarterin London , in January sold at 80 s ; and , singular to say , this same maize is now on its way back to Madeira- ; whilst American flour is re-shipping at Cork for Liverpool . " ( 'Truly does Lord Shrewsbury say . "We have indeed paid dearly for this new-fangled doctrine , that government have nothing to do with supplying food for the people . " That doctrine is the doemneof robbers , who with " Free Trade " on their lips , aspire to the worst of " monopolies" that of having the exclusive privilege , by means of their capital , of trafficking in the food and lives of the peopie . If Justice had her due , these miscreants would share the fate of Foulen .

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      The Evils of Ireland : their True Source , and only Svjjkiaa Remedy . By the Rev . Tresham D . Gregg , M . A ., Chaplain of St Nicholas Within , Dublin . London : R . Groombridgeand Sons , Paternosterrow . ilotcmna the Second for once spoke tie-truth when he named the author of this pamphlet Trash Gregg . What cm exceed in drivelling absurdity the assertion , that the source of the evils of Ireland is "Popery ; " and the remedy , Protestantism ? We will give our readers one taste of this rabid production : —

      Most remarkable was the time at which this judgment * occurred . No sooner had the nation set its seal to the Act which endowed Haynooth , that Act whereby the government of the day made a national and permanent provision for the supply of the "lying legends" and the " snpeistitioiis blasphemies" of Popery , and all its moral rottenness for the food of the souls of the people , than a mysterious judgment changed their temporal food into a mass of putridity , and struck down the clamorous millions hungering with famine to the earth . But , again , it maybe said , why should the people be visited when the English Parliament was in faults as if the Wort of God did not show us that it has ever been through the aSLcuon ^ of the people that God Almighty visits the pride of statesmen . David sinned , and his people perished in thousands by pestilence , thus touching the King in the nearest parti while he himself ia misery exclaimed , " These sheep , what have they done ! " In effect , through the whole Bible we find that the sins of rulers were visited npnn their people .

      Does not Mr Gregg see the inevitable conclusion to * Kch any man of sense and feeling must come , if accepting his version of " God ' s Judgments ? " The editor of the Reatoner and his friends should pass a vote of thanks to the " Chaplain of St Nicholas Within , Dublin . " Let us , in justice to Englishmen , add , that this rabid Prutestant parson , and intolerant denunciator of the faith of seven millions of Irish people , is not a " Saxon , " but , by bis own statement , an Irishman . Did "St Patrick hanish aU the snakes , And bother a ! the varmint !" We donbt it .

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      Box , the Remedy for Ireland ' s Distress . London : J . Thomas , 1 , Finch-lane , CornhilL Whatever may be the real value of the suggested '' remedy" by the author of this pamphlet , it unquestionably bears the stamp of common sense , and is , therefore , a vast improvement on Trash Gregg ' s Protestant panacea . The writer , whose production first appeared in the shape of a letter to the Times , bearing the signature of " llibernicus , " argues that linen is the staple manufacture of Ireland ; that the soil and climate of that country are exceedingly favourable for the growth of flax ; that flax improves the land , if manured with liquid night-soil during the plant ' s vegetation ; that Belfast owes her prosperity to the

      unen manufacture , in spite of the annual drain of nom £ 6 , 000 , 000 to £ S , 000 , 000 . paid to the foreigner for thesupply of the raw material ; and that thissum night , and ought to be paid to growers of the flax in toe south and west of Ireland . He advises that government should for this year direct the cultivation of flax , and that Relief Committees should see to the cmpleyment of small cultivators in this way , which would be much better than setting them to work at making roads , which will produce no return . The E ° ggestioHs of " llibernicus" are worthy of the prompt consideration of the parties to whom they are addressed . As a " remedy , " they are not worth much , but as embodying one of the many suggested i jalliatives , " they may not be valueless . * lae More of the potato crop .

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      ^ - - ^ ^^ ^^^^^ i ^^ m POLAND'S REGENERATION * " ~""~~ £ ^ k ^ S ^^^ ^ PORTUGAL AND POLAND Poland is crashed ' neath the heawimrl * •* a a& 2 £ sasS assassuSS ^" pe jsfilm *? i > w £ Mp& ittaK ; S »^* s& 8 fe 5 S tte Mlesof ttoirmordsred mtestir , « rf poinh Jj ft ptopbetowandto _ « ,, d » ra . fi ' brighC , over taeir now ruined rHmo J rb ¦ , ;— ...- ..:- .-. * - Ttr * . _~ t _ . » ttiii > f / Jl « an .... aJ : t , i-i- ... \ '

      Poland , the weak , the defenceless , is crushed by mL * ? ^ , m ght of banded armies , the tared tools of tyranny , the bulUeaof thrones , where right and freedom are irrevocably banned . Treaties have bren violated that the popular cause might receive its death-blow and Cracow , the only remaining Bgment of Poland ' s nationality , has been transformed into its tomb , i hei downfallef Poland is butanother instance of the weaker right , overpowered by the stronger wrong uer extinction is a fresh blow levelled at popular fr eedom : and the same breeie which bore her expiring cry , also bore the exulting shout of victorious despotism to the ears of startled Europe . Poland is crushed , at the expenseof a treaty to which England herself was pledged , and hence the same blow which blotted her out as a nation from the map of the world , wounded England ' s honour , impeached her Jtwtice , and implied her willingness to rive the 1 ! b

      to her own promises , rather than interfere with the oppressor on behalf of the oppressed . And yet England looked on , and met ' the enormity with a cold and formal protest , thatnodiplomatiepunctilib might be omitted , but moved not an arm in defence of the persecuted , evinced no enthusiasm on behalf of OHtraged liberty . She grumbled , as in duty bound , and there the matter ended . ¦ ¦¦ It is true that had England interfered more vigorously , she would have assumed the position of champion of a popular and democratic cause , which would no doubt have been deemed a very nnseemly sort of thing by conventional statesmen , and objected to as establishing a very dangerous precedent . The idea of aristocratic , power-worshipping England joining

      issue with despotism on behalf of liberty , and proclaiming herself the vindicator of popular right in the person of Poland ; such an idea , we say , were indeed a somewhat novel one . It is curious to note how monarchy limited , standsby monarchy absolute , rather than make common cause with patriots , and masses thirsting after democracy . Not < . ften do we catch " Ihepewers that be" violating diplomatic properties so far as to unite with the people against the King . No ! no ! The King against the people , as often as necessary , but the people against the Kingis treason—ablack . vulgari ragged sortofthing —smacking too stronzly of freedom , progress ,- and "the swinish multitude , " to be thought of with anght else than horror and contempt . '

      It is on thiB principle we account for England's want of enthusiasm on behalf of belied and insulted Poland . Eer cause was too much of the popular order , the tendencies of her mind were too democratic for such a proper sort of country to interfere with them . Liberty is all very well in the abstract-our Cabinet statesmen wax warm in its praise , at proper times and in proper places;—that is to say , when and where it is regarded as a very pretty idea , convenient to talk about , but nothing more ; but to talk of qnarrelling with those good and powerful men who sway the destinies of Russia , Austria , and Prussia , on account of their violation of the last rights held by Poland would have been vnlgar . horridly impolitic ; and so Polish nationality died , and England sent a

      formal message to the effect that she did not altogether approve of the transaction , but made no sign of indignation and abhorrence which could ruffle her dignity , or disturb her friendly relations with the reckless despotisms called foreign powers , i But change the scene , and turn from Poland to the Peninsula , and note how strangely circumstances alter cases—learn that England , though unprepared to join hands with a people against a despot , is willing enough to make common cause with a despot against a people . Portugal is at this moment in a state of revolution , —the power of the insurgents appear likely enough to beat down the power of the monarchy;—Portugal sustains to England the relation of an old allvand

      . hence England flies to the rescue ef Donna Maria , and hoists her flag of intervention in the Tagu 3 . Naw the insurrection of Portugal has been brought about by the downright treachery and moral recklessness of her Queen;—it is an effort of oppressed , deceived , and insulted millions to rid themselves of a load of slavery which has become too grievous to be borne ; -it is a crusade against tyranny in its most cruel and obnoxious form ; and hence English intervention on behalf of the Queen is absolute treason to the cause of popular liberty , and can only be regarded as officious and unseemly meddlinsr , under the cover of a policy most antiquated , for the purpose of serving designs most sinister , and altogether antagonistic to the spirit of the English

      people . Portugal may be an old allvof England , but does it thereforefollow that England has righteously interfered to conserve the power of a tyrant , and thwart the wishes of her indignant subjects ?—does it therefore follow that England ' s blood must be shed , and her gold expended to repress the rising spirit of independence which menaces with ruin the despotism of the Peninsula , and bids fair to transform Portugal from a shame-brand into an exemplar of the nations . O ! shame , shame ! on a prostitution of our national wealth and energy such as this , — shame on the monstrous inconsistency perpetrated by those , who , though the leaders of a free people , dare to co-operate with foreign despots in perpetuating slavery , and rolling back that tide of popular

      progress whieh is bearing tyranny onward to its destined tomb . Why , we may be asked , start forward as the guardians of a despotic Queen against an exasperated people , and yet refuse to stretch forth a single hand to vindicate the independence of a people against the usurpations of a despot ? Why should a young , crowned virago be sheltered from the storm raised by her own enormities , her insolent disregard of the wishes of her subjects , and yet a nation be left in trial ' s darkest hour to the pelting of despotism ' s pitiless storm , uncared for and unaided ? Why!—why because liberty has yet to find a throne in the hearts of England ' s cabinets , —because popular independence has yet to win the honour and thesympatby of the advisers of the English throne- ^ because policy and expediency are allowed to usurp the place of justice , —because eternal right has still , e ' en in this isle of ours , to chase into oblivion its

      opponent wrong . Had the cause of Poland been the cause of mo narchy , of antiquated power , of conventional privilege , we are disposed to believe that the sympathies of Downing-street , had waxed warm enough to burn up in tout a treaty which had been so far set at nought by the parties originally framing it . Pity enough would she have found , bad there been some rotten old despotism to vindicate , and some monarchical power to converse . What a wail would have gone up from the War-office into the echoing heavens ! What fierce appeals had then been made to the manly pride and sympathy of the nation ! What thundering in ministerial organs—what flaming speeches by cabinet toadies ! How dock-yards would have resounded with harsh , notes of preparation ! How important the independence of Poland to the preservation of European peace , and the prolongation of that peculiar something , called balance of power !

      But , alas ! for Poland ; her cause was democratic rather than monarchical ; heb contest , the contest of the weaker right with the stronger wrong ; her dream , the dream of freedom ; her aim , emancipation from the manacles of serfdom , and the realization of a glorious nationality . The revolutions of Poland have all be . n Backed by one great ruling idea—the idea of rait ngfto n a colony into a nation , —from a pen of helou , d iven to and fro by despotism , into a clime of men , competent to resist such despotism , and hunt it from their soil with execration . And this was the cause why England stood

      coldly by , watching the digging of her grave , and listening to the knell which announced her extinction among nations : —this the cause why for her we had no succour , though to the despotism of Portugal we extend an aid most hearty;—though wise enough to yield to the pressure of popular thought , when it becomes mighty enough to demand imperiously the achievement of reform , we have yet to realise that far nobler sad more God-like wisdom , which would render England at once the home of truest freedom , and the vindicator of freedom ' s cause throughout the wide , ever-progressing world .

      We have now befor e us the "First Anual Report of the Democratic Committee for Poland ' s Regeneration , " accompanied by an eloquent and dignified address " To the People ot Great Britain and Ireland , " and we have indulged in the foregoing observations for the purpose of again expressing our unfading sympathy with a cause , which we believe to be identified with the best interests of truth , justice , and humanity ; Though well aware of the difficulties with which this philanthropic band will have " to combat , we would not have them relax in a single effort , but press on resolutely , armed with a deep and fervent assurance of success . The cause of right , of

      liberty , of human regeneration , may be unpopular , sneered at , despised;—but there is a power in truth , invincible , and sure , which shall crown it yetvictori - ous , and cause the song of freedom to ring ia Despotism ' s dishonoured tomb . Men may persecute the Apostles , they cannot harm their cause , or bolt out a truth , once spoken , from the memory of the world . And so will it be in reference to Poland and her vindicators . Crushed is she now , and they but leaders of a hope most forlorn ; yet despair not , insulted land ! faint not , earnest advocates of the right and true ; for truth and right are ever safe , come what may of wrong and falsehood . The frost and snow wrap in winter ' s pall the earth ' s beauteous verdure , and fair nature seems dead ; but when the

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      ^ spring ' s rosy smile appears ; tnat pall departs , and all lshfe and loveliness again : arid so of Poland may we say , the pall of despotism hangs over her —her energy seems killed , and her . glory fled ; but wait awhile ; and awak&ned by the spring-like energy of an unproved and more enlightened world / she will rise triumphantly above her pall ot degradation , and proclaim herself , a nation once again . 1 '' i ' i "~ j -- i' ij ; "• '" i | ij rriTii n u lifo And lnvelineBi amiti • ml «»« f Dni . _' j _ . _

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      THESE ARE THE CHAMBERS' OF 1845 . i l ^ e have already shown toour readers the Chambers of 1847 ; we now refer to the previous opinions of these changeable economists . Whence this wonderful change ?] — . IMPROVEMENT OF WASTE LANDSSPADE HUSBANDRY . ( Frmike Information for titt People , No . 72 J . . _ , [ Continuedftom our fait . ] First , Whether the cottage farmer with his six acres can raise as much produce , and at as cheap a rate _ as the capitalist can from any given six acres on his farm ? If he cannot raise so much at so cheap a price , and cannot pay the same proportion of rent , cottage farming is decidedly injurious to the community ; but if he can compete on all these points , there can be no solid objection against the practice . From the foregoing evidence of Sir John Sinclair ,

      and from what is known respecting spade husbandry in Belgium and some other continental states , it is placed beyond a doubt that more produce is raised for human subsistence—space , soil , and climate being equal—by small farmers using only manual labour , than by large farmers with hones and ploughs ; and it is certain that the produce is always more accessible to the public than that of large farmers , who , by means of their capital , which is very frequently not tbeir own , but borrowed from banks , on hold themselves indifferent respecting sales , till , by a fortunate contingency , the prices rise and become highly remunerative .

      Second , - How far is spade husbandry available in the shape of paid labour to the capitalist farmer ? We are unable to answer this question from our own experience , and therefore refer to a paper written by a competent authority on the subject . This is an essay by Mr Archibald Scott of Soutlifield , near Haddington , who obtained a prize of £ 100 , which the Rev . C . Gardiner , a clergyman of the Church of England , had proposed to grant for the best plan of giving employment to the poor . "I am-quite convinced , " proceeds Mr Scott , " there is but one way of employing the surplus population of England arid Ireland , and that is by a judicious introduction of spade husbandry . To show that I am not a mere theoristbut a

      , practical man , I may mention that I rent a farm from the Earl of Wemyssin East Lothian , consisting of 530 Scotch acres ; that I have cultivated land to a considerable extent with the spade for the last three years , and that the result has exceeded my most sanguine expectations . In 1831 , 1 determined to ascertain the difference of the expense-and produce between trenching land with the spade and snmmer fallowing with the plough in the usual way : I therefore trenched thirteen acres of iny ' summer fallow-break in the months of June and July ; I found the . soil about fourteen inches deep , and I turned it completely over , therebv nuttine un a dean

      and fresh soil in the room of the foul and exhausted mould , which I was careful to put at the bottom of the trench ; this operation I found cost about £ & 10 s per Scotch acre , paying my labourers with Is . 6 d . per day . > The rest of the field , which consisted of nine acres , I wrought with the plough in the usual way , giving it six furrows , with the suitable harrowing . I manured the field in August ; the trenched got eight-cart-loads per acre , the ploughed land sixteen ; the field was sown in the middle of . September The whole turned out a bulky crop as to straw , particularly the trenched portion , which was very much lodged . On threshing them out , I found them to stand as under : — ,

      By trenched wheat per acre , 52 bushels at 6 s . 9 a . . . . . . . £ 1711 o To two years' rent at £ 210 » . per r ¦ : acre , .. . . ; £ 5 0 0 Expense of trenching , . . 4 10 0 Seed , three bushels at Gs . 93 ., 10 3 Eight cart-leads of manure at 4 s ., 1 12 0 ' Expense of cutting , threshing , andmarketiBg , . , ; .,. . 1 10 0 Profit . . . 3 18 9 £ 17 11 0 ploughed wheat per acre , 42 bushels at Gs . 9 d ., .... . 14 3 6 To two years ' rent at £ 2 10 s . per

      acre , . . . . . £ 500 Sixfarrsws and harrowing at 10 s ., 3 0 0 Seea . three bushels at S 3 . 9 d ., " . 10 3 Sixteen cart-loads of manure at 4 s . 3 4 0 Expense of cutting , threshing , and marketing , . . . 110 0 Profit , . . 093 ; ¦ - - £ 14 3 6 I now saw , that though it might be difficult to trench over my fallow-break during the summer months , it was by no means making the most of the system , as the operation was not only mere expensive , owing to the land being hard and dry during the snmmer , but that it was a useless waste of time to take a whole year to perform an operation that could

      be as well done in a few weeks / provided labourers could be had ; and as in . all agricultural operations losing time is losing money , as the rent must be paid whether the land is carrying a crop or not , so that in taking one . year to fallow , the land , and another to grow the crop , two years' rent must be charge < against the crop , or at least there must be a rent charged against the rotation of crops for the year the [ and was fallow . As I felt satisfied that , by trench * ing with the spade , the land would derive all the advantages of a summer fallowing , and avoid all the disadvantages attending it , I determined on trench '

      ing thirty-four acres of ray fallow-break immediately on the crop being removed from the ground , and had it sown with wheat , by the middle of November , 1832 . may here remark , that I did not apply any manure , as I thought the former crop was injured by being too bulky . As it is now threshed out and disposed of , the crop per acre stands as follows : — By average of 34 bushels per acre at 7 s . £ 15 8 0 To rent of land per acre ..., £ 210 . 0 " . Expenses of trenching . 4 0 0 Seed ..,.... ; ....... ... „ ..., 11 o . Cutting , threshing , and marketing 1 10 0 Profit 6 7 0

      - £ 15 8 0 The advantages of trenching over snmmer fallow are , in my opinion , very decided , as it is not only cheaper , but , as far as I can yet judge , much more effectual . 1 am so satisfied of this , not only from the experiments above noticed , but from the apparent condition of the land after it has carried the crop , that I have this , autumn cultivated about a hundred acres withthespade , and the crops at present are very promising . When I first commenced , I was laughed at by my neighbours , but now when they see me persevering in what they considered a very chimerical project , they are suspending their judgment , a » d several of them have made considerable experiments this year . ¦ I should think there are at

      least two hundred and fifty acres under crop cultivated in this way this season in East Lothian ; in 1831 , the year I commenced , there was not a Bingle acre . I have therefore the satisfaction of knowing that I have been the means of causing £ 1000 to be spent this year amongst the labouring classes in my immediate neighbourhood ; and 1 feel confident , that should' the season . turn out favourably for the wheat crop , and fair prices obtained , their employers will be handsomely remunerate ! for their outlay . I do not say that this system will succeed in every description of soil , as it must necessarily be of some depth to admit of the operation ; but there are few districts where such soil will not be found in sufficient abundance to give ample employment to the surplus population of the neighbourhood . Now , this is going on in a country where agricultural labourers are better employed than almost any other in Great Britain . The system was not

      introduced , nor is it persevered in , for the purpose of giving employment to the poor , but entirely for the benefitof the employer . The East Lothian Agricultural Society , are now offering premium ? for the most satisfactory , reports on the subject . I last year received a medal lrom the Highland Society of Scotland for introducing the system ; and , what ! value still more , I received a piece of plate from the labourers I employed , as a token of their gratitude . The system , I admit , is only in its infancy ; but I have this year put it completely to the test ; and should it succeed as well as it has done hitherto , it must take root and spread over the kingdom ; and the landed interest in those districts of England where the poor-laws are sd oppressive , and still more , the Irish proprietary , will do well to investigate the system , and have it introduced with the least possible delay , that what is now a burden on their estates may become a source of wealth , and what is now a curse may become a blessing .

      This system , if it succeed to my expectation , possesses all the requisites you require ; it furnishes employment for the surplus population by substituting manual labour for that of horses—and certainly , if there is a lack of food for both , it is desirable that the one should give place to the other . It will make bread plenty , as the naked summer fallows of Great Britain will be covered with grain instead of lying waste for a season ; it will render corn-laws unnecessary , as we will be then independentof foreign supplies f

      armers will be enriched who are enterprising and industrious , and they only deserve to be so ; it wil ! raise rents , by increasing the capabilities of the soil , enabling the farmer to cultivate wheat to double the present extent ; it will rahe up a home-market for our manufactures , as the paupers , who are at pre sent starving , or living a burden on the parish , will find employment , and thereby be enabled to procure the necessaries and comforts of life ; it will check the poor-laws , as there will then be none but the aged and the helpless dependent on parochial aid . " ( To ie continued . )

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      . „ : . : / ' = ¦ = ¦¦ : , . ELECTION MOVEMENTS . * \ . ABBRDEBN .-. We observ 7 in one of the . south ; J" ? Papers a paragraph : stating that ' opposition is threatened to Mr Bannerman-nothing of the kind is known here . ¦ - - ATW 8 BTOY . _ Mr Sergeant Bjles will be opposed by Lord NugenMt AyhJsburyV > < x iw f „•• « , ™ ' it fe believed , will not be contested , but Mr Ilindley will " walk the course" again . Athlone . —Mr R . B . Mosse , of London , is a candidate for this place . ,: ;! . . .: ;•' -: ¦ . ¦' Bath . —This city is now embarked in all the bustle and excitement of an election contest . It had been understood for some time past that the ' present members Lord Duncan and Mr Roebuck , would be opposed by Lord Ashley , to whom a reouisition Hiennil ZL „ > .. ¦' : ¦ ... ¦ ¦ * J' * B \) ii . \ ju .-M . \} i . Eiuicii ! iiQt . ; ;

      by a number of electors , chiefly in the Conservative interest , was presented about two months since . On Saturday an address was issued , and extensively circulated' throughout the city and suburbs by the sitting members , Lord Duncan and J . A . Roebuck asking for a renewal of support at the next election ! On Monday they met their constituents , and severally gave a retrospect of their political conduct . On Tuesday a numerous meeting of the requisitionists to Lord Ashley , and others , was held at the Assembly-room , for . the purpose of . meeting his lordship andjiearirig fom himah exposition of his views ! Lord Ashley addressed the meeting at creat lm » t . h .

      and evidently to its satisfaction . He referred to the circumstances under which heappeared before them and denied that he was chargeable with having dUturbed the peaceof the city . He had been invited to come forward by them , they having to discharge the high and responsible trust reposed in them by electing the person whom thev believed would best represent their principles in the council of the nation , and give them effect by a steady and judicious course of action . Tfte noble lord ' s address was received with marked enthusiasm , and at its conclusion a resolution thanking him for consenting to come forward was , upon the motion of Gen . Daubeny passed . It is understood that a canvass will be immediately

      commenced . . . ' BiBUiNOHAM-rlt is now stated that the friends of Mr Muntz and Mr Wm . Scholefield have united for the purpose of ensuring the return of those gentlemen , to the exclusion or Mr Richard Spooner . Nevertheless , the friends of Mr Spooner ( and hot without good grounds for their belief ) express the strongest confidence of success . . Bolton is to be contested by Dr Bowring and Mr Cockburn , Q . O .. in the Liberal interest , should Mr P . Ainsworth , the present Conservative candidate , determine to stand again . ; ¦¦¦ . ¦ , Bosiou .-The Right Hon ; H . Ellis , who represented this borough in 1820 . will- offer himself as a candidate to suceeed Mr Brownrigg in the Conservative interest .

      Bristol . —The return of the Honourable T . H Berkeley , the present Whi g member , is looked unon as certain ; but Mr W . Fripp , the unsuccessful Conservative candidate in 1837 and 1841 ( on the latter occasion by only 55 ) , will again enter the field against Mr P . W . S . Miles . Bradford . —Mr Hardy , the present Conservative member , has addressed a letter to his constituency statins hi 3 intention , on account of his years and infirmities , to retire from the representation of Brad - ford , at the next election . Colonel Thompson will be a candidate . It is rumoured that Mr Wilkins , the barrister , intends to contest the rorpugh in the Conservative interest .

      Buckinghamshire . —Mr Disraeli has announced himself a candidate for the representation of this county , in which he has lately purchased a considerable estate . We give the following extract from his " , Address : "— " It is now many years ago since , in your County-hall . I upheld . the cause of the territorial constitution of England ; as the best and surest foundation for popular ri ghts and public liberty , imperial ' power and social happiness . The maintenance of the agricultural industry of the country is the necessary condition of the enjoyment of that constitution ; and I have , therefore , ' independently of all other considerations , opposed , during the ten years in which I have had the honour of sitting in Parliament , every , attempt which had a tendency to

      diminish the numbers and influence of those classes which are directly dependent on the land . Influenced by this principle .-1 offered , during the recent assault on ourprotectivesystem , a faithful , though fruitless , opposition to that project . What has since occurred has not . in any degree , changed the conclusions at which I then arrived as to the scheme of the late Administration . The temporary high price that is stimulated by famine is not the agricultural prosperitywhichl wish to witness ; while , in the full play of umvstricted importation , I already recognise a ? disturbing cause , which may shake our monetary system to its centre , and which nothing but the happy accident of our domestic enterprise has prevented , I believe , from exercising a very iniurious

      etfect on the condition of , the working classes of Great Britain . Notwithstanding this opinion , I am not , however , one of ' those who would counsel , - or who would abet , any attempt factiously and forciblv to repeal the-measures of 1846 ; The legislative sanction which they have obtained requires that they should receive an ample experiment ; and I am persuaded that this test alone can satisfy the nation either of their expediency or their want of fitness . A domestic affliction precluded me from being present during the recent debates , pn the subject of national education . It is but fair , therefore , that I should state , that had I been in my place , I should have supported the measure of the Government . I should have done so upon two grounds—firstlv . that

      t was a considerable advance in a right direction ; and , secondly , because the tendenoy of that measure is , not by investing them with any exclusive privileges , but by securing them a fair occasion for their exertions , mainly to place theeducation of the people in the hands of the clergy , whom I have ever wished to see in the van pf civilization , and occupying , their legitimate posts , as guides and instructors pf the people . Although I have always been of opinion that our constitution in Church and State has been an union far more beneficial to the State than to the Church , which under all circumstances , must exist and flourish from its inherent principle , I shall , at all times , heartily maintain that alliance , sincftithas become identified with the habits and best feelings of and has

      the people , , for a Ions series of years , happily seeured to : us the blessings alike of orthodoxy and of religious freedom . For these , among other reasons / 1 thought it my duty to oppose , in 1845 , the grant to the College of Maynooth , leading , as it invariably and avowedly djcf ; to the endowment of the priesthood of another Church ... I see no reason to regret the oDposition which I offered to that measure , and I hold it to be quite consistent with an earnest desire to secure to our Roman Catholic fellow-subjects the civil and political equality to which they are entitled ., In the great struggle between popular principles and liberal opinions , which is the characteristic of our age , I hope ever to be found on the side . of the neople and of the institutions of England .

      It is our institutions that have made us free , and can alone keep us so , by the bulwark which they offer to the insidious encroachment of a convenient , yet enervating , system of centralization , which , if left unchecked , ^ will prove fatal to the national character . Therefore I have ever endeavoured to cherish our happy habit of self-government , as sustained by a prudent distribution of local authority . For these reasons , I am of opinion that the right of supreme control necessary to the due administration of the Poor Law should be exercised by the chief depository of power in every county , and that the supervision of our parishes should not be entrusted to strangers . It is unnecessary for me to state , that I ' shall support all those measures the object of which is to' elevate the moral and social condition of the working classes by lessening their hours of toil , by improving their means of health , and by cultivating their

      intelligence . These are objects which it is not unpleasing forme to remember I endeavoured , in common with some of my friends , to advance , before they engaged theattentien of Government , or were supported by triumphant Parliamentary majorities . " Cambridge County . —A requisition from the freeholders having been presented to Lord John Manners , with which his lordship has complied , settles , we believe , the affair for the county as quietly and as snugly as my Lord Hardwicke and the Duke of Rutland could wish . The future members' will , therefore , no doubt , be Mr Eliot Yorke , and Mr Allix , and instead of the present member , Mr Eaton , who ia labouring under a most distressing malady , Lord John Manners '; being the first return of a member or nominee of the Rutland family as to this town or county since the passing of the Reform Act . ¦ '• ¦¦ ••

      Canterbury . —It is stated that the Hon . G . Smy the and Lord Albert Conyngham will walk over the course for this city . . Christchurch . —It is currently rumoured that a candidate on the Liberal interest will be brought forward to oppose our present member , the Honourable Captain Harris , at the next election for the borough . Chtheroe . —Mr Cardwell has issued an address to the electors of this borough , in which ho states that it is not his intention to solicit their votes at the approaching election . Mr Wilson , a former candidate , has issued an address soliciting the suffrage of the electors . \ . . , ¦ ¦' ,. . , -..,. Denbigh . —Mr Mainwaring ' s valedictory address appears in the Chester Coitrant ; also a paragraph intimating that the Hon . W . Bagot will again solicit the votes of the electors for Denbighshire .

      Drbby . —The death of the Earl of Besborough has caused a vacancy in the representation of Derby , by the removal of Lord Duncannon to the House of Peers . The Hon . Frederick Leveson Gower , brother of Lord Grenville , and nephew of the Duke of Devonshire , has been brought forward by the Whigs . Mr P . M'Grath is likely to be brought forward by the Chartists , who aro preparing , a requisition to that gentleman . Dover . —Variousreports are in circulation , among which is one that Sir John Rae Reid has expressed his intention not to come forward , and that Government will send down another candidate to join with Mr Rico . Lord Lincoln , Mr Green , the extenaiv

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      shipowner , and ' others / are mentioned as likely to qneron the Conservative . side ; but these are only rumours . ,. , ., rfn £ T ^ ° ? ' 7 ^ - ^ aiter Baine , it would appeal-, 2 ' ^ to "tend again asa candidate for the hST 2 f te . /* f to ; w » in Parliament . There ZxtX nfM 4 . ^ "t for signature , under the John Hftv hJnt ? ^ l riend 8 > acquisition to Lord and a wftnftfe . "" Marquess of Tweeddale , 3 sa »? f ^ . 8 binnwnc » « r , J . nn , ™ . i ..-u' . j .. 1 : 1 ,,. ! ., t «

      HBREFORD .-Mr Brand has responded to a requisition , and stonds for Hereford . " « w <*» e 4 Ui Huddbrspield .-There will bo a division in the "Lberar . partyoi . thelEducation qSion Atpre sent the only candidate in the field is the sitting member , Mr Stansfield . B Hull . —Sir Walter James has published an address , announcing that it is not his intention to stand again for tb * borough . Mr . Hammer has also given a similar intimation , stating as his reason fer retiring from the representation , that he has been induced to offer his services to another constituency . Inverness Borqh . —We are enabled to stateupon

      , good authority , that Mr Morrison , the present member tor the burgh of Inverness , Forres , Nairn , and Uortroae , will not be allowed to go unopposed at the ensuing general election .. Rumour asserts that Sir John Macpherson Grant , of Ballindalloch , is to oppose Mr Morrison . Ee is said to be a Liberal . King s . CouNir .-If the present members come forward . itisquitejikely they would be returned ; butshoukl either Sir Andrew Armstrong or Colonel Westenra retire , Mr Cassidy , of Monastereven , and tft Id ? 8 > onthe Liberal interest , would be in

      taCSS ' couK Si-ffiaftSiiS ft rlfn ^ vt ° - ^ WtawSSl nis return may be considered ouitp pp ^ ain ' m * Moore O'Ferrall is canvas , ^ SVffffiaM ta SKlSlatedSon ! " " ^ ^^ * Lancashire ( SouTn ) . ~ Viscount Braoklev , the eldest son of our late renresentative , Lord Francis tgerton , now Earl of Ellesmere , has offered himself as a candidate for the representation of South Lan < cashire , in the place of Mr Entwistle , who retires 08 the dissolution of Parliament . The noble lord comes forward as a Free Trader , and a supporter of the general policy of the Russell Ministry . Leicester . —It is said that Mr Sturge , of Birmingham has been invited to offer himself as a candidate for the representation " of the borough , but that the hon . gentleman has respectfully declined the proffered honour . ' , , ¦ -

      Lincoln . —The following is a list of candidates for the representation of this city at the next election : — I . Colonel Sibthorp ; 2 . MrvW-. R . Collett ; 3 . Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton ; 4 . Mr C . Seeley ; 5 . Mr Weston Cracroft ; 6 . Mr 11 . W . Jones ; ? . a London Alderman ( who is he )? 8 . Mr Beckett Deniaon ; 9 . Mr Henry Vincent ; 10 . Mr D . W . Harvey . Lothian ( East ) . —Lord Elcho has this week com - menced a oanvass in Eaat-Lothian on behalf of his son , the Hon . F . Charteris . Another candidate ia expected to apne ? r as an opponent of the game-laws , on which question a powerful body of the tenantry of » 'l parties have iVesolved to unite . , ; i LYMixQTON . —Colonel the Honourable G . Keppel will , it , is said , succeed to the seat now occupied by Mr Mackinnon .

      Marylebone . —Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart has come forward as a candidate for this borough , on the presumed retirement of Sir . Charles Napier .. Mkath . —A change in this county is probable . Mr Ford , town'clerk of Dublin , has been called upon by the Repealers , but has not yet decided . , It is stated that Mr S . Winter , of Tullayhard , will be called upon to stand on the Whig interest . Northomberlakd ( North ) . —The' Neivcastle Chronicle states that the friends of Sir George Grey have now nearly completed their canvass of the division , and that their labours have been attended with the utmost succes 3 . Since this was written , Sir George Grey has published an addreasjo the electors , ann ouncing his intention to contest the representation' / ; Nottingham . —It is reported , that Mr Feargus O'Connor will contest the borough on the " Six Points . ' . ' ' ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ ;

      OwntM , it is said , is to be contested by four candidates at the next election : Mr John Fielden , oneof the present members ; Mr John Cobbett , barrister , who stood on the death of his father , and was only defeated by 35 votes ; Mr IT . J . Fox , of London , Free Trader ; and Mr James Haliday . ; Oxford .- We hear of no opposition to Mr Wood , who has during the week proceeded with his canvass , and has met with a most flattering reception in every district that he has visited . —Oxford Chronicle . ¦ ' ¦

      ' Penrys and Falmotjt b . —Mr Mowatt , a gentleman whohas already had considerable experience in Pavhament , will offer himself as a candidate at the ensuing election . Captain Plumridgo will also solicit a renewal of the votes of the electors . We learn that Mr Howel Gwynn , who was defeated at the last election , also again intends to offer himself ; and repirt says that Captain the Honourable Swynfen Thomas Carnegie , R . N ., at present M . P . for Stafford , contemplates presenting himaelf to the electors . ¦ : ; r ¦

      Plymouth . —Mr Willcock , the Chancery barrister , who is one qf the new candidates for Plymouth , in the Liberal interest , paid this . town a brief visit in the early par' of the present week . Queen ' s County . —The Hon . Thomas Vesci , it is stated , retires on account of the state of health of his father , Lord de Vesci ; arid the resignation of tho other member . Sir Charles Co ' nte , is also spoken of . Mr Fitzpatrick , who has inherited a large portion of the Ossory property , and was formerly member for the county , is to start on the Liberal interest . It is probable that , Mr Fitzpatrick and a Conservative will be returned without a contest .

      SoMERSBTsntiiE . —A Hampshire paper states , '' We hear that Mr John Wood , the barrister , is likely to be proposed as a candidate for Somersetshire , on Protestant principles , in opposition to Mr Acland . " Southampton . —We understand that Mr Ccckburn ( Queen ' s Counsel ) will be the Whig candidate at Southampton . Stockport . — The StocJcport Advertiser snya : — "An opinion prevails that one of tha present members for Stockport , Mr Marsland , will not again be a candidate . It is said that Mr neald , of Parr ' s-wood , a Wealeyan Methodist of moderate politics , will be put in nomination , together with a Mr Gibb , a Manchester wine-merchant . ¦ TYNEMouTH .-Mr G . F . "Soung , the extensive shipowner ,-and Mr Grey , the private secretary to Lord John Russell ; are spoken of as candidates for the representation of the borough of Tyneraouth at the next election , in the place of Mr Mitcalfewho resigns .

      , Warrington , as is well known , will be contested by Mr Allcard , in the Liberal / interest , and hois about the only gentleman of that neighbourhood who would be likely to cope with Mr J . J . Blackburne , the present Tory member . Wakbfield . —On Thursday Mr G . Sandars , the extensive corn factor , of Alverthorpe Hall , announced himself a candidate for the representation of the borough , in compliance with a requisition soliciting him to allow himaelf to be put in nomination . Since this was written , another candidate has appeared . MrG . W , Alexander , of Lonaon , has come forward on the " Liberal" interest .

      Wbstmbath—Mr Tuites'resignation has been determined upon . The other member , Mr Chapmas , will again be a candidate . Mr John Ennis is spoken of amongst the new candidates . Wexpord . —In this county Mr Grogan Morgan , on the Conservative interest , will seek to wrest one of the seats from the Liberals . Wexford ( County ) . —The Repealers have named as their two candidates Mr John O'Connell and Mt Sheppard Jeffares , late Mayor of Wexford . Wicklow ( County ) . —Colonel Acton , one of the

      present members , retires , after once representing , although he had several times contested the county . There is no talk of Mr James Grattan again coming ferwavd . Sir Ralph Howard ' s colleague in the Liberal interest will be , it is Baid , Lord Milton , who possesses the greatest interest in the county , that of the immense Fitzwilliam property , and whose return is represented as quite certain under any circumstances . A Tory opposition is threatened on the part of Mr Hume , of Hume-wood , and a member of the Monck family , probably a brother of the Earl of Rathdowne . . -

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      D ^ a th of John Blane , Servant to Mr Robert Burns . —Died at Kilmarnock , on the 13 th instant , Mr John Blane , formerly coach-driver , in the 85 th . year of his age . By the demise of Mr John Blane , another of those links which connect the poet Burns with the present generation is removed . During the period Burns held the farm of Mossgiel , deceased was in his service . Deceased frequently accompanied Burns in his visits to the ' Mauchline Belles . ' With one exception , there is now none in Kilmarnock who were personally acquainted with Burns .

      Inhalation of Ether . —A . t West Ferry , near Gainsboro ' , on Saturday the 8 th inst ., an operation for the removal of a cancerous tumour of the breast was performed by Mr Trousdale , ofWest ButterwicK , in the presence of Mr Eminson , jun ., of Scotter . The patient , in compliance with her own request , was previously aubjeoted to the inhalation of vapour of ether , which was administered by Mr T Trousdale , of Leeds , from Bell ' s apparatus . She was rendered quite unconscious in seven minutes ; the removal ot the tumour was then effected in about three minutes , and although extensive incisions were r . quisite , the patient did not evince the dightest aeusation of suffering .- After her recovery to consciousness , she declared that she had felt no piin whatever during the operation . The female is noSv doing well .

      : Within the last year more than 1 , 200 tailors landed at New York from England . The exportation of corn from the Austrian dominions has been prohibited for fire months .

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      ^ DbSBBHONS FROM MB HomjEHOID REGIMENTS - Many desertions have recently taken place from tha 1 st Life Guards and the Oxford Blues . The deserters have , it appears , sailed froin Liverpool to America with the view of joining the Mexican armv a belief being entertained that English cavalry ' soldiers will receive commissions . ; lfc is said thafe Mexican emissaries are tampering with the . British soldiery . . Ether . —We learn , fnm the Medical Times , that within two months 211 . operations upon etherised patients have been performed in the Paris hospitals . Kiso Hudson . - We find from the Railway Gazette that " my lord the king" sways an iron empire of l , 53 Hmile 8 in length , with an annual revenue of

      £ 2 , 184 832 . When all the lines in the Hudson emp ire are complete , it is expected that the revenue will be five millions . • ' ' ; The Troops i . v the Northkiw Distb / cx . —Wo understand that Lieutenant-general Sir Thomag Arbuthnot , the general commanding the northern district , which includes not only the northern counties , but Staffordshire , has recently issued orders to the troops under hia command , not only in this town , but throughout the district , to hold themselves ia readiness to march on duty , at a moment ' s notice . Sir Thomas has , likewise , ordered strong picquets , of both cavalry and infantry , to be mounted , both by day and night , at each of the barracks in this garrison , to be in instant readiness , should their service be called for . —Manchester Guardian .

      . Removal of me Excise Office—The Excise Import Office has been removed from the premises ia Lower East SmithSeld , near St Katharine ' s Docks , to Tower Hill , where in future the business of that department is to be conducted . . '¦ Destruction op Spanish Cahusts . —Letters from Barcelona of . the 18 th state that , on the 15 th . Col . Baxecos surprised the band <\ f Tristany , and killed twenty-two of its meii . Tristany himself , was cap . tured , and conveyed to Solsona , where the Captain ,-General caused him to be shot .

      Curious Project for Retaining Smithfielb Market . —A scheme is now on foot for excavating beneath the whole area of Smithfield market , in order to form abattoirs . The plans are nearly comp leted , and , we understand , will shortly have to be brought before Parliament . A depth of not less than twenty-five feet is talked of , as capable of being applied to the purpose pf slaughter-houses , and without any want of sufficient drainage or light . The cattle being driven into the market during the night will be slaughtered on the spot , and thus , the projectors think , obviate the main objection to the present

      locality . Mr Andrew Moseley is the architect employed . —The Builder . , Plunder . — A package has arrived in the East India Docks , addressed to Lord Hardinge , the Governor-General of India , containing a bedstead and hangings , and also a quantity of Indian armour ; the former of which ia a present to his Excellency , from the Maharajah Dhulip Sing , and the latter having been taken in the late engagement with the Sikhs ; the whole of which will be delivere'l , for or on account of his lordship , by the special directions of the Lords of the Treasury , d uty free .

      , Marylebonb Elrction . —Mr David Salomons has resigned his appointment as returning officer for the borough of Marylcbone , consequent on his having become a candidate for its representation , in the room of Sir Charles Napier , at the ensuing election . A Scotch Munchausen . —The editor of the Inverness Courier inserts the following paragraph , aa if it were an ordinary piece of news , which his readers would have no difficulty in believing : — " Last month a person of the name of Macleod , residing at Rosehall , while out shooting , was so fortunate as to kill twelve wild ducks with one shot ! In 1846 , the same person accomplished a feat which , we dare say , few others have done—he killed two large eagles with one shot ; end in March last , at one discharge , he shot two swans . Sixteen birds thu 9 fell at three shots . " . ¦ ¦; .- ¦

      A Contrast . —The top price for white wheat at Gloucester market this week was 13 s . 6 d . per bushel , with a tendency to rise . The top price in this week last year was 7 a . 3 d . per bushel , with a tendency to

      fall . Don Henry . —Tho marriage of Don' Henry of Spain with Donna Elena de Caatella y Skelly Fernandez de Cordova , was celebrated at Rome , on the 6 th , by Mgr . Canali , Patriarch of Constantinople , delegated by the Pope . ¦ ¦ TnE Jews' Sabbath at K < enigsbbrg . —A letter from Koanigsberg ( Prusaia ) of the 16 th , says that the proposition which has been so often made to the Jews , and as often refused , to celebrate the Sabbath on Sunday , instead of Saturday , has at last been accepted by 700 Jews of that town , who form the great majority of the Israelite community . The measure is considered one of great importance , especially in commercial operations .

      Jewish Congresses in Germany . —The Bavariaa government has just given permission to the Rabbis of Bavaria to take part in the Congresses of Rabbis held in different parts of Germany . In consequence , the Bavarian Rabbis will be present at the Congress of Jewish theologians , which is convoked for the 15 th June , at Manheim , in the Grand Duchy of Baden . Insects . —A correspondent of the Manchester Guardian says , if those whose houses are infested with cockroaches and crickets would pour a little strong vinegar down the crevices and holes where they conceal themselves , they would find that they would not be further troubled with them .

      Increase of New York . —It has been ascertained that 1 , 910 new buildings were erected in this city during the last year , and that a much greater number is already under contract for the present year . Method in Madness . —In the first illDess , when Willis , who was a clergyman , entered the room , the king asked him , if he , who was a clergyman , was not ashamed of himself for exercising such a profession . "Sir , " said Willis , " our Saviour himself went about healing the sick . " "Yes , " answered the king , * but he had not £ 700 a year for it . "—Diary of the Earl of Malmeshxry . Dogs . — A correspondent of the Albion suggests that in a time of scarcity like the present , all dogs , except really useful ones , and " especially those sinfully-pampered ones " ladies' pet dogs . should be destroyed .

      The Heat on Sunday .- On the afternoon of Sunday last the thermometer rose to 15 degrees in the shade . —Liverpool Times ' Awful Visitation !—On Tuesday notices of intended application to be admitted attorneys of the Court of Queen ' s Bench on the first day of Michaelmas Term next , were given by 168 articled clerks , making , with 158 admitted thisTrintyTerm , a total of 324 attorneys to be added to the roll . Lieut .-General Sir Tmmas Pearson . —This distinguished General Officer died on the 21 st inst ., at his residence , near Bath , in the 66 th year of his age ,

      and after a military service of 51 years . Thomas Moore the Poet , after passing nearly a week with his old friend Mr Corry , returned to his own cottage in Wiltshire , on Wednesday . > During his stay in Cheltenham he appeared to be , considering years , in good health , and was in tolerable spirits . On two or three mornings ho was early on the Montpellier-walk , and seemed always sensitively alive to the influence of music ; and while listening to some of hia own sweet airs , played by our excellent band , was obviously much effected . —Cheltenham Looker-on . ¦

      The Fise old Mansion , Raqley Hall , the next neighbour almost to the archbishop ' s palace , and within sight of Littleraore , the late scene of Mr Newman ' s transition state , has been taken , says the Oxford Chronicle , for the purpose of being converted into a monastery . The Oak has Won . —When the ash tree opens its leaf before the oak , a wet summer usually follows ; and when the oak tree opens its leaf before the ash , a dry summer usually follows , The oak is first thia year . Mackarbii , Wbymoutit . —300 , 000 mackarel wera caught in the ] west bay , Weymouth , May 24 ; there would have been 50 , 000 more , but for the net having given way , from the great weight . The Cape of Good Hope . —Advices received from the Cape of Good Hope to March 27 , describe the measures about to be taken by the new Governor as beiDg vigorous , and likely to bring the Kafirs to unconditional terms , and to enforce the surrender of the stolen cattle . Ac . .

      . Glasgow Pig Iron Trade . —During the past week there has been very little business done in this mar ket , and prices have declined . Count D'Orsay has presented his statuette of O'Connell to the Committee of the Central Relief Society in Dublin , with the moulds and necessary an . paratus for taking casts . He writes to say that he makes the committee a present of the copyright of the figure , and transmits the models in the hope that the sale of the casts will realize a sum which may assist in relieving-the distress of the poor . —Globe .

      Child-Murder in Covbnt-Garden . —An adjourned inquiry into this very mysterious and singular case was resumed before Mr Bedford . Thejury consulted together for about half an hour , and then ; retiirned into court with a verdict of " Wilful murder against Anne Cleveland and a person named Hill , alias . ' Dolly . '" The coroner immediately issued his warrant for the apprehension of Cleveland , vino will of course at present remain under the surveillance of the police , at her own bouse . The other accused , it will be recollected , ia in custody .

      A Milkman's Confession . —A German hod made ¦ a fortune in Philadelphia by selling milk . He started = home with two bags of sovereigns . On shipboard he counted one bag of treasure . A mischievous monkey was watching his operations . As soon as it was replaced and tied up , and the other hag ^ eotfiikd . Jacko snatched up the full one , anjk » WKSwn ? wBLH \ masthead . Ho opened the 6 ermaHftafe ^ Jg |^\ fe eyeing the pretty gold , he procdM ^ l « WX . r j pieco upon the deck and another iMt £ « MQi ^ nt ^ *'* s ( he had emptied the bag . When he ^^ M ^^ t % ep ) fA S German threw up his hands , excla ^ ilJ ^ Bei ^ iDBt % i w J ** be the dyvel , for what oamo from tta f ffiW W- ' ^ oeir ^ % give to the vater , and what came fiWMI' JBiJJfrliq i f ^ fc 4 gives to mo . " g W -tff ffi ' # ^ ' i gjj IP" \ V ^ , ' . ^ r V . X * J ^

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 29, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1420/page/3/