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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th April 1848, Edition 1 of 4, Page 4

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR, SiLTDaBAS. APML 8, 1848.
    • "-^ p in d mfin «innrM«n M T F, I, IO N S« ; FOR THE WORKING MILLIONS. A HOMffi FOK EVERT INDUSTRIOUS MAN AND HIS FAMIIiTi
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      JUST PUBLISHED , REVOLUTION IN PARIS . A narrative of tbe recent Revolution in France , containing a full account of ts Causes , Incidents , andEffectB , together with the Abdication of Louis Philippe , the fall of Guizot , and the triumph of the Popular Cause . —By a BABKISTEE .-Prica Sixpence . Nobtuern Stab Office , 16 , Great Windmill , street , London ; Watson , Paternoster-row ; Cleave , Shoelano ; Berger ,. Holywell-street ; Manchester , Abel , Heywood ; and all booksellers in Tpivn and Country , to whom all orders should be immediately sent .

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      TO TAILORS . By approbation of Her Majesty Queen Victoria , and H . tt . H . Prince Albert . . NOW READY , . THE LONDON AND PARIS SPRING AND SUMMER FASHIONS for 1848 , bv Messrs BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury-square , near Oxfordstreet , London ; and by G . Bebqer , Holynell-stFeet , Strand ; and all Booksellers , an exquisitely exeeated and superbly coloured PRINT . The elegance ef this Print excels any beforepuWiBhed , accompanied with the Newest Stylo , and extra-litfing Frock , Riding Dress , and Hunting-Coat Patterns ;! the most fashionable dress Waistcoat Pattern , and an extra-fitting Habit Pattern of *• he newest and moBt ologant style of f ushiou . Every particular part eiplainad ; method of increasing and diminishing the whole for any size fully illustrated , manner of Cutting and Making up , and all otber information respecting Styl e and Fashion . Price 10 s . post free 11 s .

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      ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND . , '¦ Prizo-List 9 and Printed Forms of Certificate for the en . try of Live Stock and Agricultural Implements , for exhibition , at the Country Meeting of tne Royal Agricul . tural Society ofEnglt'nd , to be held at the City of York , ia the week commencing Monday , the loth of July next , may be obtained , on application , either personally or by letter , ofthe Secretary of the Society , 12 , Hanover-square , London : —with whom all entries for Implements must be made on or before tho 1 st of May , and all entries for Stock on or before the first of June .

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      NOW PUBLISHING . TIIE POLITICAL WORKS O 5 THO « AS PAINE Complete in one thick volume , price 5 s ., in which will be feund several pieces ne » er before published in Engliind ; and an appendix , containing the Trial of Thomas Paine , with , a portrait of the author . Just Published , in Penny numbers and Fourpenny parts . VOLTAIRE'S PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY . May bo hud , complete , in two volumes , handsomely bound , 12 s . The nYst volume has a medallion likeness of the author , and the second , a full length portrait , as tie appeared in his 70 th year . To the first volume is prefixed a copious ftfemoir of his Life and Writings . Every care has been taken to keep the text correct , so that it may remain a lasting monument of the genius and indomitable perseverance of the author in enlightening and liberating his fellow creatures . The two volumes contain 1 276 pages , clearly printed , crown 8 vo . VOLTAIRE'S ROMANCE AND TALES , in one vol ., price 8 s . 6 d ,

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      iLJi i m rriTHr- "T"tt """ "" i MP wm ¦ w MiTfw < nft \ rm 8 hiafriendt and the Chartist ooay PORTRAIT OF PEARGUS O'CONNOR , Es « . y M . P ., mMARTil ? informs hisfrienda and the Chartist body 1 . ceneraUy , that he has reduced tho prico of hia Httogrlnhic fufoengthportrait oftb ^ irIllustrious Chief te the following price :-Prints , Is ; coloured ditto , 2 s . 6 d . Also a beautiful lithographic portrait ofW . Dixon , late of Manchester , not ? one of the Directora , by it Martin . Price—p lain , Is ., coloured , 2 s . PEOPLE'S EDITION . To be had at tha Nobthsbn Stab office , IS , Great Wiiidmill-Btreet , Haymarket ; at the Office of the National Land Company , 144 , High Holborn ; Sweet , Goose Gate , Nottingham ; Heywood , Manchester , and all booksellers in the United Kingdom .

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      TO REFORMERS ! Just Published , Price Twopence . OUR INHERITANCE ; -AND , COMMON PRO . PERTY !! London : J . WiisoN , 3 , Queen'a Htad pasosgo , PateTBOster . rew , and ( by order ) of all Booksellers .

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      JUST PUBLISHED , PBICE 8 ISPKNCE . HO . XV ! . OF " THE LABOURER , " OONTENffB , 1 . The ifarseiUaiie and Mourirpour laPatrle , trans * lated by Ernest Jones . 2 . Insurrection * et the Working Classes . —The Has . sites . 3 . The Poor Man ' s Legal Manual . —The Law of Riot . 4 . The Boy ' s Song . 6 . The Pirate ' s Prhe . { Concluded . ) 6 . The Farting Quest . 7 . The Romance of a People . 8 . Our Charter . 9 . The Mealmoncers—An Irish Sketch . 10 . The tfcrmnn Youth , Letters ( pro-paid ) to be addressed to the Editors , 16 , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , London . Orders received by all agents for tho "Northern Star " and all booksellers in town and country ,

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      PORTRAIT OP THE POPE . A portrait of the Reforming Pope , Pius IX ., has been engraved , and will be issued with an early number of the Northern Star . It has been copied from a wonderfully correct and much-admired statuette , and the engraving has been executed in the moat finished sty ] e < Specimens will be in the hands of our agents next week , and due notice will be given of the day on which the plate will be issued .

      Untitled Article

      WEDNESDAY , April 6 . , HOUSE OF COUUONS . —Ootgoino Tewasts ( ire Und ) Bin , . The adjourned debate on this Ml wai ie "St ^ K , whs objected to the - "J ^ " } ana nothing die . It proceeded on the fctae « * _»* __ the WlordSinI « I _ ld WOT bad , « £ £ Mto ieaants virtuous , and took do nohee o , ft ' «« *« issiipli rtfc ^ -i sb *« would lead tie people of Irelani to SevAhsUhe Lelforatioa of their condif . en could be %£ & £ « * !***» wheB it mustl * the work of tteir own industryenergy , and improved moraluy

      , Hr J . O'Conneix , considered some such system as that propose by Mr S . Crawford essential to tho safety « jd prosperity of the peopJ » in a very extensive portion Of IreVand . Whatever m « Mfi »* m «^ W ha Wf d Of tfcis biU in committee h . hoped that no <* J «*" would be ofuNd to its s-cond reading Mr Aapte bad given ilia noua . lecton ° poa the tamorairfy and ridous propensities of the inbabiumts of tne » ooth «_ om he supposed to be naturally inclined to towto s ^ tSSSSSy men of TTfcter were licensed to commit any outrage they pleased . ( Cries of 'Oh , oh ! ' ) terms

      Captain Abchdall dmieOn fte Tery strong ^* the statement of the hon . member for Limerick city that the Orangemen were licensed to commit any out » ge . He ™ s not surprised at the soreness exhibited by the hon . member towards the OraBgemen , * ° 'T -hadslwiija indignantly repudiated every offer made by tfce Repeal party , and the honse might be glad to know that there were 108 . 000 Orangemen in the north of Ireland reedy to stand forth at any moment when called npoa in defeEce of order , and to crush tho poisonous ogkprin- of the agitation led by the hon . member . _ £ ord CASTiSBEiGH tras very unwiltins to vote against tbis MS ! , because Be saw reason to object to some of its clauses . He should be glad to Bee it sent to a committee uti stairs . Sir J . Walsh wiihed It te be understood that in TOting cgainsl this bill lie voted agninBt tenant right altogether . Kr Fzabocs © 'Cojwos , in apDljiajj himself to the

      HEriU of tns bill , said ihera were thoao whs thonght tenant-right of paramount impsrtaaee to a repeal of the union .--He was not of that opinion , but he quite approved of the conduct of those who , entertaining any opinion whatever with respect to tbe people of Ireland , expressed , that opinion openly . The true way to deal tfitn tho pBcplo of Irelasd wbb to db perfectly frank , TTithresoc-ct , in the first place , to tte manner in which the present discussion had baen carried on , be isnetnot Only express his strong dissent from the sentiments TrMchtUe boms had heard from the hon . member for Itaerick , but he must also take the liberty of saying thst the speech of the hon . and learned member for the University of Dablin coHtrTbuted little to assist the home in arriving at a sound conclusion . Tfeat hca . and learneS gentleman jambled up the measure of the hon . SiemljEr &r Rochdale wKb tKaiof ifce Chief Secretary to thaLord-Lientenmtof Ireland ; it was , therefore , scarcely nectssarv for him to c"o more than call their

      attention to ' . hat circumstance , as of itself , it 6 ecmed to him , insufficient to seatraliee the entire effect of the hon . and learned gentleman ' s speech . He should venture to put ons Of two oases which might be urged In th * nalare ef arepi ^ to the hon . member , if , in fact it could be said that any forms ! reply were needed . Ha wonid Bay , suppose IIj ^; a tenant had taken land at lCs . an acre for tiven ' y jeaw—suppose that rri thia that period he had so greatly improve ! the land , that at the end of his term it ¦ H as "Borth £ 11 C 3 . sn acr e ; it became quite evident that fee fced by his improvements augmented the Talne of the landlord ' s estatoto the estsnt of £ 400 ., andyetthe land , ord could , if he thought proper , oast him from the soil which he had thus greatly improved . The causes of thig gtate of things were to be founa in a very obvioua

      historical fru'h . —that rte laws vihvh jvgtrated relatioms feets-esB tlie owner aad the occapier of the soil had all been raadoby tfcs landlords , and they took a very different view of the subject from that which prcssr ' . od itself to the mind of a tenant . The result of their law . E 2 kin ™ was this , that if a tenant , by means of his capital aad his skill , obtained a profit of £ 100 a y ? ar from a farm thai bad been originally worth £ 10 , the Tema ^ ning 599 though it ought to belorg {

      spsssh of the hon . aad learned member fir the University of Dublin ; it was s . speech full of sophisms ; fent in one respeet ,. at least , tha hon . and learned gentleman could not be accused of any intention to lead the roii ?» astray ; because it could not but be obvious that ths ' aon . and learned member had mistaken Gause for effect . As ha understood the hoB . and learned pentlemsn , lie objected ta the bill because ( he taaant-at-» rill was supposed by it to hava a rested right . Bat the bill of tho hon . member for Eecbdalo proved for that , and th < re was ao one interest that would be violated br his tapssure . "What was the great grievance in ths south of Ireland ? It w us thte , tfeat there was no Tenant Right ; sach a state of the law offered a bounty ¦ npoa idleness . But the &on , and learned member for

      its UnWenitF of Dablia t&ougntbimeelf eHtitleiJ to COmp ' . iiaeat the Triih landlorde . Few persons would oonsider them entitled to any compliment who knew the fact , that sistr-onelawa for the benefit of landlords were pai 5 e 31 n Ibe ralfra of George III ., while onl y Ei £ laws ofaEimilar description wera passed for Englsnd . Sucb laws were unnecesBary in England ; and ho was as rea y as any man to bear testimony to the excellent spirit in which the English landlords adminhtered the trust which society reposed in them . Thej required no law bejond ths Influence of public opinion to coerce them ; aad henc ? it was that tie objections to tha present m&fcsute did not eo mach coma frein them as it did from the Irish landlords . Then the practice of squatting formed one of the topics of the hon . and learned

      oiembrrs speeck ; but for that practice , an 3 to meet the evils to wbica it paTe rise , the measure before the boase raade , as he conceived , aaple provition ; but , ac eordiaj to the hon . and learned aembrr , there fhonia be so legislation at all on the subject , everything Bfeonld bp left to the lairs of nature ; yet in the same breath he told tfee house that in Down andAu : rim th ? yjwtre goverEed by the ancient laws and usages in Ireland ; Kat tecant 3 were prosperous and landlords not tyrannical — a pretty goad proof , by the way , that the Irish ought to be allowed to govern themselves ; and then from bis argument it was not easy to discover whether he tbouglt that the existence of a yeomanry in ths north oE IrtLma produced tkose good results , or whether he tbonght that the

      relations there subsisting between landlord and tenant had the tffect of proaueiag a good yeomanry . In this instance , probably , the hon . and learned member , as ha tad done in other cases , confounded causa p . nd effjet . Se would not , however , far ther waste the time of the hou » e by discassiog minute points . Hi 3 hon . friead , tile membfcr for RaehdaiS , would net insist npon having the kill , the whele bill , and notking but the bill , he , on the contrary , was willing to go into committee and ealiRly consider the several provisions of tbe bill . In diipc&iBg of ittih a question eb the prassat , they should not forget that the Legislature had frequently interfered Kith tha existing rel&tiens between lasdlord and tesant , espeeisily in Ireland . In the course of the discussion Trhicb , led to those measures , the enormous abuses of the

      miadlemen system were frequently rtftrrtd to—n » abuse could be greater : but tha hard treatment which the labourer expsrieBced at the hantis of the farmer was also an evil of the highest magnitude—for one tyrant in broadcloth , there were one thousand in frieze . The dcty which he owed to his country and to that beuse , demanded of Mm that he slaonld deprecate any attempt to trifle with the feelings of the people upon this Subject . If the house thougkt any legislation necessary , let them say so , —if not , let them say the contrary ; feat , let no . the Irish people be carried away by false expectations , —let them mot b 8 told that there was justice on thc : r side , and then be informed that ( he Leg islature lacksd the machinery for sarryiBg out the sound principles whieh they recognised . They might

      talk as they pleased about difficulties mth a bill of this Lla 3 , tat they found n » dlfDeolty in bills for imposing taxes ; there was not obb of the supposed diSculties about this bill which could not at onee be easily overcome ; undue or unfair modes of improvement might easily ba prevented , and a board might ba established to declare how many years' rent might be expended in improvements . H 3 Ting commented somewhat freely upon the speech of thenon . and learned member for the University ef Dablin , he sbouldnot say much sore ef the speeches ef other members , but he could sot help obierviB ? , that by theEp : ecn of thehoa . member for Limerick , he had been shoaked . disgusted , and horrified ; that hon . gentleman talked of tho Irish members being

      oppressed in that house tT the English ; but , to him , it appeared that the kind of members sent to that tense from Ireland trers eqaally oppressive . S « would conclude with thia advice to the Irish lanSlords . He called en them to beware , and he would tell them that the most to fce done was to be done by themselvei . It was a weakness for tHem to be eternailj costing to this iouse to assist them . Ireland was a country that xsight be made a garden , if the landlords only did tfeeir duty . But they were too proud , and disdained agricultural pursuits . ( ' So , no . ' ) He waB glad to hear that deiiial , bat he knew that in his time they did [ a . laugh ) , and he feared that what Sheridan said of the Irish was too true , that' they were a poor and prond people . '

      Sir G . Gbk epposed the bill . Every diseassion on tto subject Eiovrefi more and more convip . cingly the diffienlty of tettUng by legislation the relation } between landlord and tenant in itiivxi . He controverted the LT hr ^ " * l dlScnllles haa ariseufromimple . SS ^ S ^ TS , ^ " of popnIar Elation by Irish landlord * in the faouw . Tfao oiEcull * .

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      I the circumstances of the owe themselves . He agreed with the hon . member ( Mr F . O'Connor ) In his last I obEervatioa . although iocjnslstent with sorno of the other remarks which that hon , member made to that aouse , that the real remedy for these evils was to be found , not in acts of Parliament , but in the parties themselves , —not merely in the landlord ? , but in the landlords and tenants conjoinei , and in tho mutual agreements whioh their united interests might lead them to make . In reference to ejectments aod thelaw of distress the legislature nrght regulate tha ezfirclseof the rights both of the landlords and of the toaants , and might prtTent to a certain eitent oots of hardship and oppression ; bat if it attempted by law to make agreements between landlords and tenants which should apply to every oaae , whatever the wishes of the parties might . _„ ... _ . - - ..

      be , the task would be absolutely Impossible , and , If possible , the law would be evaded . ( Hear , hear . ) Tho hon , member ( Kr F . O'Connor ) had said a great deal about a tenant taking lani at IQj . an acr ? , and impro . ring It so as to make it worth 30 s . an acre , acd had observed that the lasdlord in such case , without any expenditure of capital , reaped tho full benefit of the tenant ' s exertions and industry . Bat . under those oircams : ances , the real security of the tenant was , before taking the land at 10 s . an acre capable of being im proved to 80 » . an acre , sni before exptniing capital on the land , to stipulate with bia landlord for such fisity of tenure for a limited period as would reimburse him . ( Hear , hear . ) No law could be passed , in justice to all partis * , wWch could give such firity of tenure as might be voluntftrily agreed upon between landlord and tenant .

      When ths landlords of Ireland irere ipoSen of as fceing the originators of all the evils existing there with re . foresee to the tenure of land , he thought it fair to state any exception — and he hoped the exception would I qoome the rule — th « t might exist to such a general assertion , and to show that the principle of making a a agreement mutuall ; beneficial was acted upon by lomo of the bast landlords-ia that country . Since he had come into that house ho had had put into his hand 8 B adrer < tisem Mit in reference to the Queen ' s County , relative to certan farnu to let from the 25 th March , by Ur Pric 8 . These were the terms of the advertisement for letting several large farms belonging to Mr Fitzpatrick and ihe Marqais of Lansdowne , in the Queen ' s County : — ' Proposals in writing , or applications personall y , be received and attended to by Mr John RFr ice ,

      , wes : field-farm , Manntrath , who will be prepared to sfctisfy all reasonable tenants on the undefined and vexed questions of ' tenant-right and fixity of tenure ' by Iheoaljr remedy calculated to reEEOTO the difficulty and to perpetuate a good undersea Unjr , between landlord and tenant ; that is , by providing the fixed capital required for all permanent improvements , on certain , just , and tqultabld conJltiess , to be previously agreed upon ; and by granting & substantial lease for twentyone or thirty-one yeisrs , as the condition of the farm may require or sussest . —March 9 , 1848 . * If landlords offered aaeh terms , calculated to Improve the relation b trreon them and their tenants , ? uch a modo of proceeding-would be found much better than anything else , and most productive of a Bound fieling amongst the

      parties . As to the proposition that every tenant who fulfilled the conditions of ordinary industrial occupation was to be entitled to compensation from the landlord , over and above the profits which he might have realised from bis outlay , it seemed quite preposterous . There were , of course , ctses in which a tenant was equitably entitled to some consideration in this respect , on surrendering occupation—as , for instance , * bere ho had erectoi permanent farm buildings at his owa cost . He should be quite ready , however , to refer this measure to the serious consideration of any committee up . stairs to which tno government meDgure might be submitted . ( Qcar , bear . ) As to the statement that bands of armed Orangemen were wandering about the north of Ireland , it was scarcely werth his whllo to giro the itRteinent a denial .

      Jlr FiaAK said that the English tenant was much better off than the Irish occupier of the land , notwithstanding a far irreater proportion of the population of hi « country depended wholly on the cultivatian of the soil . The bill of the hon . member for Rochdale was much wanted in order to restrain the cruel system of eviction that was pursued in Ireland , and he should give it his hearty support . > Col . BLlcrwitL said he sliould ofiWr his decided opposition to the motion of the hon . member for Rochdale . Mr P . Scrope was of opinion , speaking as an English member , that the speedy settlement of the Tenant-Riijht question in Ireland was mo&t essential to tho tranquillity of the empire . The hon , member for Rochdale liad , it seemed to him , brought ferivard the measure before the house with the best possible motives , and alf o in

      accordance with the general sentiments of the agricultural classes in Ireland . Tbe relations betwean landlord and tenant in that eountry called for the immediate and most serious attention of the legislature ; ard in his opinion no permanent tranquillity could be looked fi > r in Ireland until the tenant farmers of that country were placed on a more equitable footing than they had at present with regard to the landlords . A large number of the agricultural population of Ireland had declared the ' r determination not to endure any longer the frightful evils inflicted on them by thft present defective system , aud perpetuated by the defective state of the Jaw . All the agrarian eutrages which had prevailed in Ireland for « o

      long a period could Le distinctly traced to the insecurity of Tenant Riijht ; and it was generally admitted by alx writers on the social condition of Ireland , that tbo evils frbEerrable in that kingdom were solely attributable to the defective laws which regulated the relations between landlord and tenaat . If tbe question was not settled satisiaptorily by some snsh bill as the present , there would be a frightful scene of convulsion witnessed in Ireland , which tbe landlords would have much more reason to deplore tfean thoy would to regret the concessions that the measure before tke house proposed to grant . He Bhould , for the reasons he had stated , support the second reading .

      Col . Rawdok regretted the course the government had taken in regard to the bill before the house , which should have his support , subject to any modification that might ba deemed necessary in thecommiUee . 5 If S . Ceawjoiid reiterated his former arguments in favour of the bill , and declined to withdraw the measure upon the offer of the government to take it into consideration , in conjunction with the Tenant Right bill , brought forward by tbe non . baronet the member for Drogheda . He should persist , therefore , in dividing the house upon ths second reading . The house then divided . for the second reading .. 22 Against it U 5-L 23 After the transaction of other business , the house adjourned at half-past five o ' clock . THURSDAY , April 6 .

      THE NATIONAL CONVENTION .-Mr F . O'Connor presented a petition from forty-nine dele pates in National Convention assembled , and represeatinj ; five millions of penple , praying for the liberation of Frost , Wi liams , and Jonea . The Attorney-GENERALapprehended ( hat thepetition could not be received , inasmuch as it stated that it came from the' Nat onal Convention . ' MrF . O'Coxxok reminded the hon . and learned gentleman that similar petitions were allowed to be received under Sir Robert Ptel ' s govemrarnt , and as a Convention of 49 d < legates was recognised by ih ? law , he could n ^ t see wbatobjecti nthere could be to the reception o the retition . The Attornst-Genebai , was decidedly of opinion that the petft ' on was tut l- ' 2 ally , vcrd € d , but he hs ^ edthehon . jeufc m > nwouldn tpresiifsrfcjpt ' on till he hnd had time to look into the authorities npon the subject .

      Mr F . O'Onkor said the rcqueBlof the hon . and learned gentleman , coming as it did from the first law officer of tbe Crown fonnded very much like a command , bnt as a matter of courtesy to the hon , and learned gentleman , lie would rot pr . 'gs it . The pet'tion was accord i ngly withdrawn .

      CHARTIST DEMONSTRATION . — Sir JWalsh wished to know , from the Right Hon . the Secretary ef State for the Home Department , whether be had received any information with respect to a number of persons called Chartists , to meet at Kennington Common on Monday next , for the ostensible purpose of forming a numerous procession to move through the streets of the metropolis , and presenting a petition to this house in favour of what was called the six points of the Charter ; and if the government had had its attention called to these circumstances , were they prepared to take those measures which might be necessary to secure the independence of the house from being overawed b y any meeting calculated to intimidate them , and likewise to aid in the protection of the peaceable and loval people of London .

      Sir Gr . Gkey said : I now hold in my hand a notice , which I believe was published yesterday , signed by three individuals , one of whom declares himself the secretary , I presume , of the Chartist Association , in which he states that a Convention , consisting of forty-nine delegates , will assemble in a particular place , upon a ivPn day , and some following days , for tbe purpose of superintending the presentation of a petition to Parliament , and to ad . vise the adoption of such . other course as they may think fit for the purpose of securing the ' enactment of the People ' s Charter . A great metropolitan demonstration will accompany tbe petition , and persons

      are invited to attend at Keanington-common , where the route of the procession would be prescribed , The attention of the government having been called to this notice , and other information having reached me respecting the intended proceedings upon Monday next , the government have directed a notice to he issued , which they hope will be published in the course of half an hour , pointing out that , by the Statutes of the Common Law of these realms , such procession is illegal , and warning all loyal and peaceful subjects of her Majesty to abstain from taking any part in the proceedings , and to give their best aid in maintaining order and preventing any breach of the peace that may ensue . ( Loud

      cheers . ) Mr F . O'Connor said , that the course pursued hy the g overnment would be taking the people utterly by surprise . There were several precedents in favour of these processions . In the year J 831 a procession of 100 , 000 or 150 , 000 persons marched dowutothis house , and presented a petition in favour of the Reform BiU . In 1834 a procession of 100 , 000 also marched down to this house while it was sitting , and presented a petition in favour of the liberation of the Dorchester labourers . A large demonstration

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      of sailors also walked past this house a short time since . Those persons who have put their names to the document referred to by the right honourable baronet , have tbis day passed resolutions that every man who joined the procession should be a special constable himself , and they pledge themselves not only to preservethe peace , out to take any man into custody who might attempt to violate the rights of property . It was not the intention of the people to come down to the door of the house , they were to have gone over Westminster-bridge . He had never in his lifc attempted to palm a falsehood upon that house ,

      and had he thought that the parties bad any sinister motive or view , or any ulterior design , he would not for a moment have lent his sanction to the proceeding , or joined in that procession . He believed ihat it was a constitutional right of the people to assemble in that manner , and he trusted that the government would not further interfere upon the occasion than to preserve peace . He hoped that the people would be allowed to come down in procession as was intended to the house . He should consider himself unworthy a seat in that house if he lent himself to any demonstrations calculated to incite the people to the slightest infraction of the peace .

      Sir G . Grey : With respect to the people being taken by surprise , I can only say , Ihat at the earliest moment at which the government could deliberate after they received the information , they directed the notice to which I have before referred to be issued , and it may no doubt be in the possession of the hon . member for Nottingham this evening . ( Cheers . ) That notice will state what , in the opinion of the law advisers , the law of the land ia upon the subject , and , without reference to precedents , I am sure , after having avowed the opinions he has , with respectto the good conduct of the people , he will , I am sure , he the last man to encourage any body of men summoned to join an assembly to violate the

      law . . . Mr Humb said , that on a former occasion it had been asked if a peaceable procession was illegal , and Lord Melbourne ' s government stated thatitwasnot , and they refused to interfere , He ( Mr Hume ) thought that it would be dangerous for the government to interfere at the present time , and he hoped that they would be induced to withdraw this notice . ( Cries of ' No , no . ' ) ~^ PROTECTION OF THE CROWN AND

      GOVERNMENT . Sir G . Grey—I beg , Sir , to g ive notice , that I shall , to-morrow , move , before the other Orders of the day , for leave to bring in a Bill to provide for the better security of the Crown and Government of the United Kingdom . ( Loud and long-continued cheering . )

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      GOVERNMENT PROCLAMATION . The following is the Proclamation alluded to a ' rove :- NOTICE !! ' Whereas the assemblage of large numbers of people , accompanied with circumstances tending to oxoife terror and alarm in tbe minds of her Majesty ' s subjects , is criminal and unlawful ; ' And whereas not only those persons who tike an active part in such as'emWa ^ e , but thoso also who by their presence wilfully countenance it , are acting contrary to law , and are liable to punishment ; and whereas an Act of Parliament , passed in the

      13 th year of the reign of his late Majesty King Charles II ., intituled' An act against tumult and disorders , upon pretence of preparing or presenting public petitions or other addresses to his Majesty in tbe Parliament , ' it was enacted , ' that no person or persons whatsoever , shall repair to his Majesty or both or either of the Houses of Parliament ' , ' upon pretence of presenting o * delivering any petition , complaint , remonstrance , or declaration , or other addresses , accompanied with excessive numbers of people , nor at any one time with above the number of ten persons ;

      ' And whereas a meeting has been called to assemble on Monday next , the 10 th inst , at Kennineton Common , and it is announced in the printed notices calling such meeting , that it is intended by certain persons to repair thence in procession to the House of Commons , accompanied with excessive numbers of people , upon pretence of presenting a petition to the Commons House of Parliament ; and whereas information has been received that persons have- been advised to procure arms and weapons , with the purpose of carrying the same in such procession ; and whereas such proposed procession is calculated to excite terror and alarm in the minds of her Majesty ' s subjects ;

      ' All persons are hereby cautioned and strictly enjoined not to attend , or take part in , or be present at , any such assemblage or procession . i And all well-disposed persons are hereby called upon » nd reqnired to aid in enforcing the provisions ' of the law , and effectually to protect the public peace and suppress any attempt at the disturbance thereof . ( Signed ) 'C . Rowan , ' R . Mayke , ' Commissioners of the Police of the Metropolis 'Metropolitan Police-office , Whitehall-place , April 6 , 1848 . '

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      " THE CAUSE OF JUSTICE IS THE CAUSE OF GOD . "

      Such were the memorable words with which Arthur O'Cannor , now in the fiftieth year of his exile , concluded his memorable speech ia the Irish House of Commons , in May , 1786 ; and , presuming that the cause of the English people and the Irish people in their present struggle for liberty is just , their cause is God ' s cause , and for it they must struggle though present defeat should be their portion . We have nursed , have nurtured , and trained the mind of this country to a religious belief in its own omnipotence ; we Lave silentl y rocked it in the cradle—have anxiously watched its growth , and now exultingly rejoice , in the giant strength it has achieved .

      We cast an anxious but , not a desponding glance to the history of the past ; we count over the names , and feed upon the valiant deeds of departed heroes , and , in silent commune with ourselves , we ask , whether we would rather participate in their posthumous fame and eternal glory , or passively and submissively crawl through life , evading the oppressor ' s foot , and the tyrant ' s yoke- —our path beset with the law ' s enare , and the tyrant ' s pitfall—and we exclaim , " What is life but liberty ? and what is liberty but the fullest enjoyment of life ? We look upon

      the past as the damning evidence of willing slavery , and we look to the budding future as portentous and promising , if we but avail ourselves of passing events to absolve us from bygone transgressions , and to lead us to a new birth unto ri ghteousness . The world rocks around this sea-bound dungeon—the howl of famine , of vengeance , and despair , rages throughout the sister Islethe people of both countries—always identified in interest , but divided in feelinghave at length awakened to a knowledge of the great fact , that

      " United they efaud , Divided they fall , " and , though divided by the ocean , the electric spark of freedom has passed from breast to breast , and jthey have sworn to achieve their liberties . And is the resolve unnatural or illegal ? Reason answers , that it is not unnatural—power answers , that it is not illegal ; because the Will of the majority should be the law of the land and the basis of the constitution .

      On Monday next the matured Will of the producing classes of this country will be carried in triumph to the Senate and will be presented to the * Representatives of worn-out prejudices and exploded privileges— prejudices and privileges which allow the idle few to lord it over the industrious many , and to live sumptuously upon the sweat of the producer . This mighty monster may be , and probabl y will be , rejected by those who feel strong in the possession of power ; but we would warn them

      gravely , and warn them in time , of the fallacy and folly of any attempt to resist the flood of mind and fixed resolution manifested in this , the people ' s last appeal . It may be that sacrifices — bloody sacrifices — may be demanded by tbe confident and self-relying oppressor ; but , should it be so , the hot blood flowing in the veins of freemen , will contend for the prize and the honour of martyrdom , and the greater the number of victims the more profuse will be the seeds of freedom , for from every drop of the martyrs' blood will spring ten thousand [ patriots to avenge the martyrs' death : for

      " Labour ' s battle ones begun , Bequeathed by bleodiBg sire to son , Though baffled oft 1 b ever won ; ' * so will it be with the noble army of Chartists , who have sworn to bequeath liberty to their successors . They look to the voice of knowledge to silence the cannon ' s roar ; they demand their just rights , an-d all their rights and liberties , without

      trenching upon the rights or liberties of others . And , whilst engaged in this holy and god-like undertaking , should lewd power let slip the dogs of war , power must take the consequence ; and great and dreadful will the consequence be , if vengeance and despair should once possess the minds of the millions of freemen who pant for liberty , and demand the restoration of their long-withheld rights .

      Ihe right to petition—to commence ' the petition humbly and conclude it with a prayer , and to convey that petition to the Senate House—is a right that has never been disputed , and a right which the people , as trustees to their successors , are bound to preserve —a right which they have exercised legally , peacefully , and constitutionally , at all times , and , as recently as 1843 , under the Government of the then . Prime Minister , Sir Robert

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      Peel , and which they are determined to exercise on Monday next , observing nerfpof rEACE , LAW , and ORDER , and scrupulously respecting ; the rights of propert y but an scrupulously defending their own ri ghts aa freemen . The Delegates of the people have passed a unanimous resolution to hold them , selves responsible for the good order of those whom they represent , and precedent esta blishes the right which ^ the people mean to exercise . ^ Peel , and which they are determined to exo * . Mnn ^ mr »»»<¦ „! , „„ .. „ :., _ _'"

      Our cause is , therefore , the cause " of Ju stic e and the cause" of God ; and our duty is to impose the onus of resistance to that cause upon those who dread the moral influence of an op . pressed but united people . In the provinces , those who pant for the response to the National Will , thus respectfully and constitutionally conveyed , will not give ear to the thousand and one reports which malice or mischief may choose to circulate but they will wait calmly for the true intelligence from their own representatives . There never was , in any country , a more

      creditable , pure , or honest representation of the National Will , than that which is now deliberating upon the National Cause . Its pr ogress will not be retarded for want of energy and courage ; its success will not be jeopardisedand must not be jeopardised—b y bluster , bravado , or folly . A sacred duty is assigned to those men , and a sacred trust is imposed upon their constituents ; the voice of Freedom is wafted upon each passing breeze throughout the land—and heavy will be the responsibility of those who shall check its course , or impede its progress by treachery , by cowardice , or fraud .

      For a nation to be free , it is sufficient that she wills it . For a people to ensure their freedom , it is sufficient that they know their rights , and dare maintain them .

      ONWARD AND WE CONQUER BACKWARD AND WE FALL THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER !

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      PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . If the Legislature means to continue much longer in its " do nothing" mood , it would be better that St Stephens should be closed at once , " until further notice , ' and only re « opened when the members have made up their minds to go on with work . At present , the sum total of these labours can only be expressed by the term " nil . " People grow tired of looking into Parliamentary debates , because they know they will find nothing in them , except it be the announcement of the determination of our legislators to do nothing . We have already commented upon the

      singular and anomalous position taken up both , by the Ministry and the Parliament . In the midst of general progress , they are obstinatel y bent upon standing stock still . It might , butfor some trifling indications to the contrary , be imagined that our ruling classes were both blind and deaf , and that the events which , everywhere else stir the heart ' s blood and make it flow quicker through the veins , have no existence for the occupants of Downing- - street , or the benches of the House of Commons ^ A wise Ministry or a prudent Legislature would not act in this way . The natural

      effect of the mighty changes that are occurring around us , must be to excite the instinctive feeling , latentMn the mind of every man , that things may be , and ought to be , better than they are . Sucb a period of general and simultaneous movement seems to be preeminently the time for an active and prud ent Government to lead the way to safe and efficient improvements , and by making the existing constitution the medium for conferringpo * litical and social benefits , obviate the necessity for organic or violent changes . The introduction of good measures , and the exhibition of an earnest and honest intention to carry them

      out , would more than anything else tend to maintain order ia this country , and to secure gradually the great objects of good government to all classes without direct injury to any . If the Chartists and Repealers had been in want of arguments to prove that the interests of tbe masses of this country are not properly attended to , and that an immediate and extensive change was required in order to make it harmonise with the intelligence of the people , and able to provide for their wants , the policy of the present Parliament would have supplied quite sufficient to have ' proved their case . Instead of increased activity and energy Ministers and members seem to think that

      the times demand an increased amount of indolence and apathy . In a few days , more , the House will adjourn for the Easter recess ; that is , the best working half of the Session will be over , and what shall we have to show for it ? Ministers have botched up their Badget . There never before was such a thing of shreds and patches turned out in the financial way . The Public Health Bill has been for many week * arrested in its progress . Our Colonial system was to have been revised , with the view of giving representative institutions to the Colonies , and so enabling them to manage their own affair £ «« Bthe only thing done

      m that way has been to suspend the New Zealand Constitution granted last year . Not a single step has been taken towards improving our Educational InstitHtions . Ireland was to have occupied a prominent position , by the bringing in of a series of remedial measures . Ministers act the part of the dog in the manger ; not only will they do nothing themselves , but they will not permit any body else to do anything—witness the defeat of Mr Sharman Crawford's Out-going Tenants' Bill this weelfo In short , in every department we see the same stagnation ^ It is impossible that this can go on long .

      It is unnecessary to detain our readers with any detailed enumeration of the ma tters that have been talked over since om * last . A fewspecimens may be selected , just by way of showing the fitness of the present Ministry and Parliament for their respective duties . When the Avmy Estimates were brought on , Mr Hume moved that 100 , 000 men be granted instead of 113 , 000 . He was beaten by a majority of 295 . The explanation is easy—of that majority , at least 115 hold commissions in the Army and Navy , or stand in the nearest

      personal relations of birth or marriage to those who do . More than one-third of the whole undeniably belong to families which have a direct pecuniary interest in maintaining the largest possible amount of armed force . If to these the holders of civil appointments , and the expectants of appointments in future , be added , fully two-thirds of the majority will be accounted for . It is in this way that these classes , under the conventional cloaks of a vote of the House of Commons , dip their hands into the pockets of the people , and transfer the money found there into their own .

      Thereof tbe Out-going Tenants'Bill , to which we have already alluded , m conjunction with other Irish discussions during the Session , and the general tone of the House on these questions should be accepted by the Irish people and their leaders , asanunmistakeablehint that the English Parliament is tired of legislating for Irelsnd—that it wishes very much they

      would take the trouble off its bauds , and mind their own affairs in future . At least , such is the construction , we uut upon the systematic and determined refusal to grant a single positive or remedial measure to a country which is known to be steeped to the lips in wretchedness , and which all authorities unite to show is on the eve of a general and organised insurrection .

      Lord J . Russell ' s haughty defiance and pompous boast of Monday night , in answer to Lord Jocelyn ' s question on the state of Ireland , we look upon in tbe same light . Th §

      The Northern Star, Siltdabas. Apml 8, 1848.

      THE NORTHERN STAR , SiLTDaBAS . APML 8 , 1848 .

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      a THE . NORTHERN , STAR . ^ -- ^ - ^ a— - ^ --- ¦ - / --- — = ! - ~^| JJJ . _ Z „ . iLJi i m rriTHr- "T"tt """ "" i MP * " ¦ - ' i tt j wm ¦ w MiTfw < nft \ rm 8 hiafriendt and the Chartist ooay PORTRAIT OF PEARGUS O'CONNOR , Es « . y M . P ., mMARTil ? informs hisfrienda and the Chartist body

      "-^ P In D Mfin «Innrm«N M T F, I, Io N S« ; For The Working Millions. A Homffi Fok Evert Industrious Man And His Famiiiti

      " - ^ p in d mfin « innrM « n M T F , I , IO N S « ; FOR THE WORKING MILLIONS . A HOMffi FOK EVERT INDUSTRIOUS MAN AND HIS FAMIIiTi

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 8, 1848, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1465/page/4/