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THE FRE ^ pjS . REPUBLIC . ... . 1 : - - SHE LilK AUBJH ; ' "^'" ~ ~ ' ~ ~ " ^ "' jtisnowerideufetbsfctheJile alarms wefa got up ( j thefP ^ P of exeiting popal&r prejudice and V ^ a a gaiBEt the extreme Republicans and Com-^ jui 5 t 3 . No attempt was mads ea the Hotel de fejif—no attack upon guardhouses—no attack npon ^ freisvxj or banks . ¦ _ Cabet . was not at the head gj ols Icarians , meaacing the provuional govern-_ jjjt , nor was Blanqai at the head of sn armed body jKE spiratora . . Tfce ; whole affiur was a' dodge / got opbj the intriguers at the head of the reactionary ^ ia-jroisfg ., , ¦ -. ¦ IHS EEACnOKtsra A 5 D COlfHCIilSTS .
jl . Sobrier ( ex-delegatepf the Polke ) has published jsthe CoioreRB dk Park , a sort of proclamation to f hat he ealb' Ix Reaction . ' la it ha departs that t ^ acra not fetr tie Communists , bat the Reactien jjts , aslhe wares tfie latter , that' t » destroy their jtsjleat aggression , if ever it should dare to display jfcelFjn open day , tkers are' three hmdred thoHBitnd pea ready to fight to the last gasp . ' He says that $ 9 Reactionist * who cried' Down with the Comma-£ sts , ' are ready t « cry , ' Dswn with , the Republics ! ' He tfcsn proceeds to address himself as fol « loirs to the Comaonists : —
Society , sach as it at present esisti , contains immense ^ K 5—we bare tEid thst , we repeat it , ana ne shall rep ; tt 2 tnatils-e stall b » HsUnedto ! As Buck ae aqy ose ifs are socialist ! , batwa do notdeiireTiolentshockg , taeiuse they haw nerar produce * anything . We will crabat the attempts which , snder the pretext of giving c 5 welfare , would drag aaciety into a fri ghtful struggle , into a series at antsl cslasities , of nnbeardVof disasten , of » lserj ,. of general firaine . To proceed with order , by successive amelieraHoag , to place eTery one in acuities to enjoy hisright * , to gire eTery one bis
portion of welfare , « n « a « place ( n t&e ran—such iB tna crjsct of the repahlic . To oiginiga labour fey association is the means—it it the deBira of the one hundred ? fcossand workmen who went to the Hotel de Tille on Sasdsy . Association well understood , would increase tenfold the riches of Jrtnee . DonoilUteatothosswho tsll JSE , ' Oar dectrine if in the Gospel . * Teg ; the first Christians were OonniBniet * , but why ! Because they fieared no poBStstioa here belaw , because they considered the earth at a plies of exile , which the ? were anxions to lewe , tnd on which they could only buili s feit for a day . Are theB 9 the sentiments which animate
sen at present ! If jon persist is your ideas , wby do . job not go where you can easily put them in practice ? What socceis do yen hope for ! Hew many are yout Scsrcelj some thoasaads , and yet you pretend to subject St . ODO . OEO of men to the jots of your doctrines ? But tiere is not a proprietor of s little field , however small it ni 8 j . be , who would sot ruth to arms on the first signal , * tyeall yon oilered Mm th * win " of Peru in compensation . ' Ton would be attacking a . wall ef bayonet * . If jon were threatened we should be the first to msh to year .
SEsistanee , althougk we ioisot shere your opinlonB , but we nave friends among you . Leave France , ani found tojrns aad colonies where yon can live freely under the sjEtsmyon haTa dreamed . Ton wiQ increase the glory of tfca mother country , which yon will have . derived of joar hearts and your arms . Algeria i § there , immense , cncdtiTated , uninhabited , awaiting the hand of man . Sut in the name of € o 3 , do sot call terrible extremities en joarselTM I Especially , distress mhenitf-mafctrs , Kaetlonisti , aad intriguEra , who ttirn to account every ides , and profit by eTery meremeniT
SHE CLCB 3 . The Mosheub of Thursday contained a proclamation , by the prsrisional gOTemmBht , of which we sabjoin tke snbstaEcs . The repnblic lires by liberty and discussion . The ¦ slacs tie fo * the lepablie a Heeusity—for the cltlieas a right . The government is pleased to see eitlsens assemble fo discuss ths hJ ^ est qnestioni of politics . ThegoTemlEeatprotects the dabs . Bat that . libertynaybaTeits fruits , beware of giving oause ef alarm , remember that alarm gires rise to contra rerolritlonary reactioa ..- If fire discussion ba a rigbt , discTiEiioa iriUi anas in oar banas is & danger , it may become an oppression . If the liberty of the clubs is one of the most inriolable conqaesti of the reTolution , armia clubH may compromise that liberty , excite the worst passion ? , and bring about ciril war . * . .. . It then interdicts the dabs from Being armed during their deliijer&tlens . .. .
MAXlTBsTO OP THE SECRBT-EOOffillES 0 ? PABI 3 . The following manifesto was stack otbt the whole of Paris oa Wednesday : — : Repablicans—Ths organisation of our secret societies dates froa 1315 . Oar object then weg to orerShrow an odious power ; we were untiriKg is the pursuit of that end . . PerEecntioEs , exile , imprisonment , the scaffold , instead ef discouraging ns , only increased our eaergy . 3 u-Jcp , Bones , Talee , Caron , tbose glorious martyrs , esaled their ierotion . ta ths holy cause of Liberty . with tisir bloo ^ . Our indefatigable perseverance efweted the
triamph of 18 S 0 . Bnt the people did not know how to turn the Tictory to account . The hourgtoitie re-established the throHe . We were therefore compelled to re . sume our labonrs . This time we bad a twofold mission to fulfil—the establishment of a rejnbliean form ef go-Tenjmeat and the feundation ef a new social order . On the 24 th February we gained the repnblic ; the political question is BolreS . Wfcat we now geekis the solution of the social question—it is a speedy relief for the sufierinss of the labouring classes—itii , in short , ths application of the principles contained in our declaration of the rights of man .
DECLiEiTTOK OF EIGHTS . The eiject ' of our society ig the maintenance of the natural unlimited rights of men ; in other words , the realisation of ths r < pablican formula— ' Liberty , Equality , Fraternity . ' TheSrstright of mania the right « f « xistenee . This right implies another , namely , the perfect derelopement and unsbsckled exercise of the physical , moral , and intellectual faculties of man : it is this right rrhich constitutes liberty . Xibsrty is equal t » all men . The natural consequence of this liberty is the right of association ; of manifesting our philosophical , political , and religious opinions . Labour is one of the conditions of the life of man . Scciety is bound to preside workfor each of its members , and the means of existence to those who are incapable of Working , No poor under the republic .
Agriculture and isdastry , those Iko great sources of Hie welfare of nations , are deserting ef all the solicitude Of the state . UnSer property we understand the indiwdual er colleotiTo right ef making use of what wa possess . Tiiis right Is subordinate to the interests of society , and must be regulated bylaw . The reTenu 6 arising from property ,-as well as the preduceof labonr , are subject to taxation . ! Tss 2 lien should , ba gr&duel ; thai is to sfijv is prOportioe to the excess of competency , and should neTer touch the indispensable . Physical , moral , as £ intellectual education is due by Sodality to sll its members . No man may be deprived of the blessings of public education .
Instructisn should be open gratnitouily to all . law is the expression of sosial relationship . The will of the people can alone establish and maintain it . Justice is the guardian of the laws , rights , and dutie 3 . Jsitice Ehould bs open to all , and rendered by the elect of the people . Ths only soTereign is the people . Sorereigsty if indivisible ani unalleaable . ' The government can only exist and exercise its power in Tirlue of the de ! egati 6 B of the people . ' ' . Every citizen irelector—every , citizen eligible . Every citizen is adinittible to public offices . The army is the people organised for the defence of theirrightsand . tkeir territory . : ' " " . It consists of all citizens capable of bearing arms . - All mea are brothers , Fraternity is the moral link between nations ; it establishes commoa interests between them .
Every government that rioUtes the eternal principles of Equality , Liberty , and Fraternity , is the enemy of the people . . To put it dovrn is the most holy of duties . To the work , then , brethren ! The world beholds us .. Oara be the task to assure the present , and l * y a fonndation for the future . Let us unite . Let us close our ranks for the electoral straggle ¦ which is preparing . Let as not forget that those who are not for us are BgaiBBt-n *; no-traussctioB * are possible between the supporters ef privileges , disguised tofiay as Republicans , aad the fervent-apostles of democracy . Oar task is immense . ; It is not France alo ' ne Coat looks to us for salvation I Let one aspirations Enread beyond the limits of our c due try . All nations ere brothers , and let each of them share oar Ideas of regeneration .
In the name of cur brothers , we , members of the late Secret Societies . . Eoussel ( Prosper ) , llarcband , Dorgal , Boivin , Arago ( Etienne ) , Ledonx . ( Joseph ) , Leroux , Juia , Desjnoulin , Albert , MoateBEhon ,: Caussidiere , Baland , Floeon { Ferdinand } , Srendmenil , L'Heritier ( de 1 'Ain ) , Foix , Dogrssprez , Lech&llier , Tolrnier ( Yietor ) , Salland , Pornin , Vilin , Teinante , Calisigne , Jourdan , Bechet , Dienmegard , Bernard , Pilanque , Gallois , Eocber , Cosnier , Dacoudray , Filhes , Fsyolle , Somerat , Dcssaigne , Desmaisons , Barbier , Detis , Bntet , Boileaa , Zimmaretti , Laugelot , Ltmotte , llandriere , &c .
The RsTia Reteospectks eontains in its thire number a letter from Lady Fbbbj RnsseJI , dated "Wimbledon , September 1 , 1846 , addressed to ex-Minister Gnizot , asking for a" utece for the husband of a woman , who had been'her ladyship ' s' femme dicTumlre . It sppears that the application was responded tobyfindiegor making the place solicited .
THE FETE OF FRA . TERNITT . ; Thursday , April 20 tk being the day appointed for fha grand natienal fc 3 tiral of fraternity , towards eieht o ' clock the line of the BoulaTards presented s spectacle ef great animation . The legions of . the Infantry of the nationil guard were seen marching to take up the positions respectively assigned to them between the Bastille and the MadeleiEe . Theca-Talryofthe same civic troops also Hovedi in sq . uadrods in different directions . From time to time a regiaent of the line marched along the centre of the BvOm tia beaded bj its bsndpl » JiDgtliepational
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airs . This was inyariably the signal for enthusiastic . chesriDg from tke : Batienal vggsrd 3 ; . QiiTjeither ei ^ ei-wbicu was" doff TCspoatfecTfo ^ atid acicng wledged by the regular triiops .-Tie ' guara mobile ; . " not' fit ; rpiided with uniform ; , and therefore presenting i singular . appearance : of a btfdy of armed operatives / appeare ^ dfroEi Ai « e t « time ; Cheers ' we ' re likewise interchanged'between these and the'nstiooal guards and regular trosps-respectively ! * - Towards ten o ' elock the entire line of the ' Bobfe . Tards , the flacede Is Concorde , ' and the Champa Elysees presented , such a ' spectacle as ' h&V been the lot of few eye ^ to haTerwitaegsed .- ; The svast area jn 4 mentioned , in its centre roadway , was literally filled with armed men . . The national guard exhibited the strangest motley appearance "; not above half
their number in uniform—some wore ' blooseg , others csats , cloaks , and vestments of erery ^ variety ef fashion and « oloar , The strangest CQnfusioa ef classes was also observable , rndivideala , who : from their bearing and costnm « belonged evidently to " the more affluent cl&ies were Eten bearing muskets beside men in blouses , poriefg , messengers , and guards in uniform . In some cases the moro provident of the goaria had a loaf stuck upon their bayonets .-In addition to the immense mags of anaed men thnsoccapying the Btuleyards . ^ there were two other elements in thisj / efe which must not be omittedone , tke immense crowd of persons t hat thronged the foot pavement , more than ono-half of whom were women , and the other tha vart number who filled the windows , looking on what passed below .
The weather was very unfavourable . The rain commenced poaring down eai ? y in the night , and continued almost wHhoH » interrflption till a late hour ih the morning . In the afternoon , howeve . it cleared np , with oceasienal glimpses of sunshine , too late , however , te remedy the dirty state of the streets , which in some qaartera were actually covered with liquid mid . Kit what can ' damp the pa&gon of the French people for military spectacles , or their ardour forpleasure ? - ¦¦ ¦' --. y
At the Barriers de l'Eteile great preparations had been made ; in front of the arch a spacious platform had been erected , up to which ran a broad Sight of stens , and on either hand it was flanked by la'ge tribunes . On this platform it was that the members of the government received the various commanding officers , and presented to each his respective colours . The tribunes were filled by officers and gentlemen , and in ene of them a military band was placed which enlivened the hearers by occasionally discoursing sweet music .
Behind , and toweriBg high above this platform , was another tribune covered over , and placed immediately underneath the Arch of Triumph ;; this was specially reserved for ladies ,- who-were , thus fortunately sheltered from the rain .. - ' . - ¦' Shortly after nine o ' clock the members of the Provisional Government arrived in private carriages , and escorted by caTalry . A ' ealnte ef twenty-one sues announced their arrival and the commencement of the / efe . The whole of the member * of the government ware present . Dnpdnt ( de l'Eure ) their venerable president ; LamartiHe * with his noble coufitenance and gallant bearing ; Ledru-Rollin , a man of determined aspect and energy ; Louis Blanc , with his brilliant eye , and the other notabilities . Shouts of'Vive la Republique , " Vive le . Gonvernement Proviaoiro / welcomed their eoming . aEd the waving of handkerchiefs and raising of hats added spirit to the scene . In front of the platform a crowd of staff
officers and the different colonels and chefs de batail Ion bad assembled . Esch of those destined to receive a banner maunted the steps of the " platform , and > as presented by some members of the government with the colours of kis " regiment , —colours that he was to defend with his life , and guard as bis honour ! After receiving these , eaca in turn retired and prbcecden , attended by bis orderlies and escort , to join his wgiment wherever that misht be . Daring the progress of this ceremony miante gnas were constantly fired . As jon looked down the avenge ot the Champs Klygee 3 from the Baniere de l'Etoile to the garden of the Tuileries , the whole was one mass of bayonets ; and not only there , but tbeEoulevards , the Quays—there were miles of bayonets that day in Paris ; and had the day been bnt fine , how charming a sight would it not have been ? As it was , the spectacle was more grand , more imposing , than beautiful .
when the colours had been presented , the different colnmns began to move np , their drnms beating and bands playing , and notwithstanding the drizzling rain that fell , the men sung stontly the various repablican airs . As each came up , they saluted the government a 3 they passed , and filing round the Arch of Triumph , returned either by the Faubourg St HoBore , or along the Champs illyeees , procef diog by the Boulevards throughout the town . Artillery , cavalry , National Guards , iro&ps of ibe line , Qardts Msliles , Garde RepubUcaine , ( a body corresponding
with the late Municipal Guard ? , ) marched up , column after column , legion after legion , till really it became perfectly bewildering to look upon them . Having lon ^ ago forgotten the beginning of the proeeEsion , you found it impossible to conceive where it was to end ; and to an Englishman , nothing could be more utterly astonishing than to witness hundreds of thonsands of armed men turn out as they did to-day , ( and that en a wet day , ') ' all for thelove of the thing . I am confident I am net exaggerating when I say that there were nearly 300 , 000 present en thisoccasion . .
The following is the speech made by M . Arago , the minister of war , to the csloneh of the regiments assembled to receive the colours : — Colonels of the National Guard and the Army—The provisional government is about to confide these colonrs to your honour , and to the bononr ' of the citizens and soldiers whom yon comrpsnd . Let these Republican colours , of which history consecrates the glorious remembrance , recall at all times to your eyes the Hring image of free ana regenerated France . Let onr hearts bs penetrated with the holy device of the Bepublie , henceforth become the Imrnertal faith of the countrj . If tfcat coustry have need of your arms , let this flag
serve as a guide to yonr courage . Let it be , in the midst of peace , a symbol of discipline and order , a signal of ralljingfor the defence of those great principles , which the Revolution feas proclaimed , and which the Republic will reriTe . Citisen soldiers , all children of th « people , equally dear to the people , carry with pride that emblem of the strength and of the grandear of the araed people . It is for the Bepnblie a pledge of nnipn 8 nd of powerfor all freepeople a guarantee of alliance and friendship —and for ths people who are yet oppressed a hope , of being liberated . Colonels , in the name of the Bepnblic , we take God and men to witness that you swear fidelity to its flag . ' . '
The colonels , lifting their sword 3 , replied ,. * We swear it ! Vive . la Repnbliquel' The Sret of the colours was then distributed by M . Duponfc ( de 1 'Eare , ) snd the ethers by the other members tithe provisional government , each making a short address in delivering the cdours . The / efe Hust hare been a Tery fatiguing ceremony to the members of the provisional government . They took their places on the platfora at the Barrierede l'Etoile at eight in the morning , and the defiling ef the last of the National Guards before them « as not over till a quarter past ten o ' clock at night . TheMosiTEUE , in the official account , says : — It is calculated that at least 409 , 000 armed men defiled before the provisional government . Never did 30 powerful an army display its ranks in so narrow a » psce in , so short time , and Kith such calm . Never did the Ca . binet ' of a great people . make a , manifestation so-colossal
or * o reassuring .- - , . . . In the evfiningParis waa brilliantly illuminated
LODIB PHILIPPE ' S PHOPERrr . ' ' ' . . The Rzfobhe gives the following details of the ex-king , Louis Philippe : — - / ' ; ¦ . The property at the disposal of Lonis . Philippe , in his exile , is not near so- ioaii < 3 erab ! e as Is Jmsjined . It it quite true that in 1830 andl * 831 ho placed ,, almost daily , consi £ craole smns 'in the ' Baglieh and' American / ands , bat since 1831 , convinced that his dynasty was secure , he . cLrew-ont a past of thess to place ( hem in France . The ex-king has left more than 30 , 000 , 000 of debt . Tho observation of H . II s ^ in , which Beemodajestj'Iharflno doubt the ciril list is poor , it is always making pnrchast s , ' is , however , a truth . Louis Philippe was alwaye bnyiDg , ani always left a part of the price napsid . Without this , it would be impassible to explain snch an enormoug
asount of debt . His possessioas are magnificent . After deducting his debts big fortune may be valued at 250 . 000 , 000 . It is wall known that tbo woods of . the private demaia are well managed . All the other family posseEtions have bees considerably improved since 3830 ; nevertheless , Lonis Philippe has left his private affairs in tin greatest disorder . There never was a royal household to badly managed . It was the same with that as with public affairs ; he meddled with everything , and got everything into eoafuBion . He thought by that to inswais Bhrowdueis and ability . Ha lilted to tee those employed by him disagree ; be was in the ballt of saying , ' when the astes fight , the flour is safe in tho mill . ' In short , owieg to hia low cunniBg it was , that the measures of tha 24 th of'Fatrnnry , . deprived of all nniky and control , were worse than useless . Lonis Philippe was in debt everywhere ; he paid no one if be could avoid it . His tradesmen were always making applications . He owed the person who supplied him with
vegetable * and fruit 95 , 009 francs , and hit baker at Keuilly 25 , 000 francs . No man ever bad snea a mania for laying up houiebold itores , —always buying without limit and without judgment . Xahis cellar at Nsulllj there were 75 , 000 botlUs , containing 150 kinds of wine , and mere than 1 , 200 casks , all full ; and 21 , 000 wax candles , which served to set fire to and burn that resU deec 8 . The collection of bronzes of Yilliers contained , in ' otjeta d ' art , ' atatuette-g , ' elockB , and bronzes , esough to furnish three palaess ; they wero heaped togetter without order , as they were bought without tests , although , he pretended to be & connoisseur . At the Toikriei , at Ba , Dreux , asd Ferts-Yidese there were as many kitchen utenillt and sancepam aa 'vronld have cooked a dinner for an army . We are of tbo same opinion with a persen who knew Louis Philippe well , and bad frequent opportunities of seeing and observing him , who * aia , That man is covetous , rapacious , but , he is too much a spendthrift to bo called a miser , ' The Thies of Tuesday says : — We believ ? that the reperts of Corate do Neuilb * *
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Investments hare are entirely ,. Sct \ tipi ^ . . . lBLeXir 9 t Afi AJla& ' o&St 5 n ; £ . 8 ^ sven : thoBe _ ginallluiurIes , Bhjohihadb ( JOdmQ all but nticestarleB from lpog ' , n ? e . to a . man bf his time gf life ; even wl ^ lb'amost' ^ lgid ' economy , ' hoTrever ,. if ia said that hhf inc ' Sme'is- b'M ingMrientferiis ' maintenanco ^ and . thsttos year or two ' -tf < hq 'i ' urvl'res 1 ^ 6 lohg , he will be completely . destitute . . itcan ; ' h 6 weve'i ' , ; « eftrcely Bo the inteo ' tion . of : . the ; French : government to ^ se ^ usfltratBlb * priffte . property not . only ofth © ex-Kfa jr ^ bttf of his whol » family ' . Tab ^' aowers of " hit jpn '»! wives ; are uaii to b « almost entirely . inVeited ' rn ' Srencb fands , or in laud ip Frafce'l and Whatever claim'tbs iiatEon may have upon the royal estates , it can by nb process that wo'aro aware of . be . e ^ tended .-19 prop « rty . thu » -6 cqaitedi ' ^ L ' - " - ' - °
f ^ his i . a ,-i ! ufc forth as a feeler' by the ruffianly TiM ^ . prepar&fory . io . the BoverEmeat pensioning Kiag'SmiWiat the < oafeof'the plundered people of thia coHntry . If the old blood-sucker is as poor as stateS by UibTimes , we rejoiceat it , andBhouldbe gladtokaowthathe was reduced to stone-breakiag or oakum-picking : If the French government is not traitorous to ; its duties , it will coaS 9 oat-3 every sow wort \ vf property nominally belonging to the entire Orleajis , brood . In God's name : let _ the relentless , bloody-minded enemies of the people , nave , at least , atast ^ of tW misery they hay e everywhere brought upori * hffp ebp'le , 'i ' "" . / . ' . ' . . '¦ : „ ¦ /¦ ' ¦ ¦ ... ?¦'¦ ¦ : ¦ ' : ' THB ELSCJIOHS . : V
Thd election of members to servo in the National Assembly commencsd en Sunday . > Even the correspondents of tb , e London paper * are--forced " - to admit tbe tranquillity , regularity , facility , and order with which , the votes of the eieetors were tendered and received on that and . the preee'ding day , were the theme not only-of surprise , but of unitergal admira : tion . : So' remarkable was the absence' of bustle on the occasion ,, that many pBrsoDssupposed'that very few comparatively bad , taken advantage . of their qualification to vote , but thjs was , we ; are told , a mistake , for a much larger preportien of the oitir ^ a of Paris had ' . voted than bad . been anticipated ^ •¦¦ ¦ " ' ¦ - ¦ : ' ¦ " ¦ ¦ ' - ¦ ' - ; Some , instances of irregularity are reported ; bnt are evidently either untrue , or grossly magnified by the enemies of-the republic : ; , ¦ ., ; ; .- ¦ ¦' . ' ¦ ¦ .- TK © corre ' sppnilent « f theDinr News . saya : —
^ I hare . made a promsnade round the malries' of . the severalarrsBdisements , which are the poliing booths for the elections . Efdrvtbiagls proceeding with the greatest order and in complete tranquillity , aad presents a remarkable centrast with tbo scanos-pre haVa been accaatomtd to . witness on like occaeiong Sn Sngland . ' the electors , present themteWeg at a booth in the court of the mairie . in which ars seated the officers ^ appointed to examine their qualificatioss , which . are attested npon the electoral cards which each ' voter presents . ° . After
this the voters'are conducted to the balloting room , where they deposit tbeicrespectire ' lietgi and depart by another door . All this ig conducted : in perfect silence . Piaia , Tuesday . —The ballot-bdSea wer 6 elosed at a late hour last night , and the elections . for the National . Assembly may . now ; , be aaid to ; ba atan end . The'MbHiiEna of ^ thiB xnorning , eontains an order signed '/ by the Mayor 6 f'Pari 3 , ' totheeffeot that 'the general examination "' " of the votes will take place on the 28 &ef April , at the Hotel de Ville of Pari ? . ' - , ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ .. ' . ¦ . ¦ : ; . ;¦ - ' ' ¦
PROGRESS OF :. THE EUROPEAN . • ¦ REVOLUTIONi ¦ : : : " - •• GERMANY .- ' ¦ ¦ " ' ' AUSTRrA . —The following ia the programme of the new constitution s— .... , ; : ;' . ¦ . " 1 . All the provinces are constituted ; into ono body , with th 8 j . exceptlon of EaBgary , Croatia , Sclavonla , Sio . beaberg ^ n , and , ^ or tb e preB ' ent , the ItajUra prorincaB . 2 . T&e dlrieion of ths empire Bhall ' remain as it . exists at present ; 7 •; - ¦ : . ' ¦ ¦ ' . ¦'¦¦ ' "; . ' n '" / ; ' , ; ' . ' 3 . The person of the EmpsFGr iggacred mi inviolable . 4 . TIaB _ Emperor-l ) a » full power oyeir the l 4 nd and sou forces , and the right of making war or ' peace . . ' : . . o . Treafies of erdry description with foreign Powers can only . be mad . e with the sanction of the Two HoaseB efParllament . ' ' ' ' : ' '
5 , The attribute of merer and the right ef . baatowlDg rewards belong' to the-Emperor ; but mercy cannot bs extended , to the Uinisters without tho sanction of the Parliament .- ., " .., . , .. ; .... : 7 . ThfeJafrs ardio be :. administered publicly ia open courts by verbal pleadings / and trial to be by jury . Tha jadges will . bo ¦ appein ' ted for life , ' - " . ' . 8 . AllpTojec'tBof laws are to , bs proposed , ' as , well as 8 anctioiiedby the Emperor . > i •¦ : ¦ . " ¦ ' " - 9 . The Emperor will , assemble tho -Parliament annaally , and he must call them together at stated iatervals . He has tbe right to prorogue and dissolve them . ¦ ..: 10 . Freedom of . religion , . spoech , the press , petition , and public meeting fs granted to every citizen , subject to future laws . ' . ¦ ' ¦ 11 . Entire liberty of conscience and religion . 12 . The free exercise of religious worship is accorded to all Christians and Jews . . v t
13 . All citizens are equal in the eye of tbe ^ aw , and erery citizen shall be fried by bi » peers , 14 The responsibility of the Ministers will be regulated bv tke Bist . 15 . The legislative power iVln the bands of the'Emperorand tbeDiat .. 16 Two Housea ef Parliament are to be constituted . The qualifications for members of the Upper House are birth and large' landed property ; and they are to be nominated by . tbd' Empsrc ? . Members of the Loner House are to be chosen froEa all classes , in order that every interest may be represented . 17 . The two Houses have the power to project laws and receive petitions . 13 . All laws rtqatre the sanction of both Houbcs , par . ticularly those relating to teo expenditure , taxation , £ . nance , and the sales of public property .
19 . A law ; will bo ; framed for tbe organisation of the National Guard . The law of election is only provisional , and . will be settled by the first parliament . Amendments of the eoBfltitntion can only bs proposed by thB Diet . PRUSSIA . —Trade in Berlin is in a deplorable state . The King is more than ever distrusted by the people . They feel no gratitude for concessions , for they knowi or pretend , thai they were t 6 rn from him at the eleventh hour .
TBE REPUBLICANS OF BADEN .-The German republicans , under thecemmaBd of Hecker and Stouve have suffered a defeat . Lieut-General Gagern undertook the command of the troops of Baden , and went to Schliengen , on the 19 th , when intelligence arrived that the insurgents had occupied Gandenu . Be personally reconnoitred it during tbe nighf , and on the 20 th ,-at four o ' clock in the morning , the reveil was beat . The troopB were all en route for Ganderni which at five o ' clock was eracnatedJby the insurgents , who had taken up their position sear the city . As soob ' as the general's troops entered the cjfcy intel'igence was brought that the irBurgehta desired to capitulate , The grand duchy commissary , was about to repair to them , when they asserted that they would negotiate with none but the general in command . General Gagern accordingly rode to the outposts , accompanied by only
a few horsemen ; he exhorted the republicans to obey the voice of the law , and to renounce the civil war . They refused to listen to hia terms . An altercation ensued , in which the General was shot ; the trobps : thenfurionslj engaged in combat with the insurgenta , who were forced to take flight , leav . ingagreat number of dead upon the field . The troops pursuedand encountered a second band of insurgents , commanded by . Struve ; these they also attacked and completely routed . Hecker has made his escape io Mb , but Struve waatakeBontne 2 Ist | at the'villageof Sackingen , as- he -was . ahdufc ' to pass ! the ^ Rhine into Smt-. zerland . " : ' -:. •• -n-l ; • -. i . •¦ : ¦ : ' * :-: i : ' . ::- •¦ : :-TberepublicaJJ banda cOnltnus to overran' Ihe frontier poftioris of the grand duchy . A letter from Sebaffharisen stateB ' tha't . the republicans are stationed all along the road between Engen , Blornberg , and Stuhlineen . ¦ >' ¦ '¦'¦ - ¦ : -
HANOVER . —An insurrection burst out at flildesheim / in this kipgdom , but hsa been quelled . ; , HUNGARY . —The excitement against theeraployment of tke Hungarian military in Italy has reached a great height ; at Pesth . At a large popular afiSGmbly at Pestb , deputies from Poland and Italy were received with enthusiasm , and toreh-light processions were- afterwards given in honour of them . About i 00 Poles living in Peath have returned home with considerable succours , for the purpose of taking part in the reHJonquesfc ^ f Poland .
THE WAR , IN ITALY . All the small forts which crowa Peschiera have fallen into tbe power of the division of General Bea . Pescbiera is not impregnable , bnt the width of the Mincio , which' keeps , the : besiegers at a distance , &nd the easy communications with the Austrian Tyrol , augment the . difficulties and length of tbe siege . For this reason Charles Albert , not to lose his time &t this place while the Austrian reinforcements are in march for Isocz ) , has resolved to turn the seige into a blockade , and to march to meet their reinforcements , so as to prevent a junction . Villafranca , which ia situated beyond the Mincio , between Mantua , Peschiera , and Verona , as the centra of the triangle , has baen evacuated by the Aubtriana , who are encamped at some distance from the town . .
Charles Albert , b y an ordqnnance , has ordered Wb navy to adopt the Italian tri-colour flag , viz ., green , white , and red , with the shield of Savoy upon it . APPE 4 L TO BCROPB . The following is the conclusion of the manifesto ef the government of Milan to the nations of Europe . We should think ourselves unworthy the miracles that God baB worked in onr favour—unworthy of thejdevotioa that oar ' brelhsrs ef all Italy afford ub , if we did not declare in the face of the world that we will never bend tbe neck to tbe yoke of the Austrian govern , ment , and that we will never enter into any compromise with it .
Even if we would , v ? e could not , The Austrian government itself hap , by Its former conduct , rendered it impossible . The massacres , the depredations , that its aord « have' committed in My retreat ; our country
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< de $ olatad ^ £ y pjlHgclandflr ^ onr . cliut'ehii ' pfofsrlea ; otir ' womon ^ utraged , our onildren murdered or burned aiivey nil' these horrors liave ; opened a golif of blood between us and thatgoverniaaBt / ';¦ . ' ' ' r -W& fight in onrs own defence , 'It is & war of oItIHbbtton against ! barbarism ^ We will prosefinta fearlessly thU holy ^ ar , . dBterminoid ; to maintain it . to theilast « x . ¦ tremity , aYme ' n rckdlre ' d on a great enterpriso that th « y Trill n » t and casnot abandon . . - , •¦ . ¦ : We : flall on ' Europei—wo ; d « raand Its moral sqpport fora ; : w 6 rk of juitlce ' and . ' . bu nianftyV ¦ ' thp Austridn governraent redoubles its effort ' s ; it ezcltes against us the bate of its subji'ctg . to lead them tt an impisus aad cruel straggle , | Vfe will fight , if it bp ' ueeessary ; , ^ ve io not f « ar ; ' we ' rely on victory , Jjecauea the right iaonoar side ; Bat , for the honour of onr ' timo , for the honour ef ohlliaation , and in the naino of Christianity , le it not faarful that the ambition ' of a government arena thus tbe nations who have no oauae of hatred one against another ! , ¦ - . , ' ' ..: .. ' ¦ ' . :
; It is for lJurope to enlighten thiBjgovernment , and to divert it from ait uodertablng in which it can but reap desolationfor ' iis people and opprobium for itself . Nations of Baropu ! we adjtire yon to receive u § into the European union , witb tbo fraterrinrgemimest that now animates you . By tho unheard of ills that we have suffered , by Uje terribl * fights that we have sastaided , by the victory whloh God has youahsafatl as , we adjura you to condemn tee bruel obstlnuoy of our only , enemy , and to recognibe na as worthy to addreiB yeu in the name of Italy . . - ¦ ¦ , : ¦ • •• ' The ladies of Venice have addressed a demand Ho the Republic that a female battalien may be formed , who would either tend the sick , make cartridges , 'or , in ease of necasity , share the dangeraof the fight ; Their doraand has been granted .. .: ¦
The Piedmofitese troops have cut the communications between Mantua and Veforja .. The govemsr of Mantua has made a regular razzia on tho surroundiDB country , and has captured 2 , 000 head of cattle , and seized upon everything © atable he eould lay hia handy on . He has notified his intention of holding out to the last , and having opened the slnices ia in tbe midst of a lake . ' The Italian jonrnala contain accounts of the most atrocious and wantoriaots ' of'cruelty committed by the Austrian troops , some too horrible' to relate . Carlo-Alberto is reported to ; baye notified to the Marshal that if such scenes re-ocourred , ke should retaliate , ' arid put to death every Austrian that fell into his han'dsi ¦
•• ¦¦ CHANGE OF DYNASTY IN SICILY . The following official document Iia 3 heeia published at Palormo ' : — , The Parliament dcclarci—1 ' . Ferdinand Bourbon and hit dyqasty are 'for ever fallen from ' the 'tnron * of Sicily . 3 , Sicily shall govern hsrs ' elf eonstitutionally , and call to : th « throne an Italian Prince , as soon as she shall have reformed her statute . . ; Dons and resolved at Palermo , on . the 13 iU of April . The town was to be illuminated the three sights following ; on the 13 th all , the broozo statues of tbe houw of Bourbon were thrown ; down , and they . will ba cast into cannon . : ¦' ¦¦ ¦ '
POLAND ... Cbacow , AprHlB cr ThiBmorning the deputation returned from Vienna . ¦ : Oar National Guard is already coriplete | y organised . We nurabep about 6 , 000 armed burgheis , among whom are 1 , 600 Jewa . The accounts from Frasaian Poland continue to be most melancholy . According to the Dbuische Allgemeine ; Zeiiukg , the Polish insurgents are coin * mitting the grossest excesses . They have broken up , it appears , into small bands , and . they are now wandering about the country levying black iaail on the inhabitants . .
The leader of the Poles ,-Mieroslawski , baa forwarded his ultimatum to the Prussian government ; ia the naraa of his countrymen herefuses to lay down his arms till the govornment has given guaranteea'for the full performance of . its promise of a natieiial re pr / gaialsatioh of the Polish pfovjmcQs . ' ; ¦ A letter from onr correspondent at Bralau , dated 2 l 3 t : inst , states that the Central Committee ^ of the Polish iBsurreolion was in , pyocsBB ' of Organisation in that city , under the direction of one of the most diatinguipfi ^ d of the' Polish generals , and that all the accounts received from Russian Poland announced thai ; the paaaa&is were" animated with the . very best and most patriotic fe _ eling 3 . From the fact that telegraphic communication : betweon Sfc Petersburg nnd Cracow had baan interrupted , it waa surmised that insurrectionary mevemeats bad already occurred in . theinterior . ' . ' ' , ' \
DENMARK AND SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN . ' : ' IaNOTHEB BATItB . . Hamburg , Saturday . —Late oh Friday evening the Jasfc train from Rendabnrg brought the icfornintion to Hamburg of another engagement . having taken place between a portion of the allied army ' and the avant guard of the Danish army . The Germans en . gaged were principally volunteers , and their opponents were two regimests of Danish cuirassiers , one of dragoons , and a small battery . ¦• The result , of the battle waa said to be favourable to the Germans ; but they experienced a very severe loss > for ten or twelve waggoa Ioad 3 of wounded were brought into Rendsburg in the' caurse of the afternoon . The scene of the engagement was a large wobdin the neighbourhood of the . village of Alienhof , which lies only a few miles from Rendaburg .
SPAIN . The Siolo announces that the . Centralist Chief , Bellera , who lately entered Catalonia from Franco , had proclaimed the Republic in several dutriots of the province of Gerona . TURKEY . ; Constantinople , April 5 . —Matters here ara in a very unsatisfactory state , and the spirit of revolution which prevails in Europe in teo plainly manifest here .
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( From the Gazelle of TneBaay , April 25 . ) BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED . April 24 , G . Hargreaves and J . Hargreaves , Manches ter , merchants .
BANKRUPTS . William Bqrridge , Cheltenham , grocer—John Edmund Boyd , Gros venor-street West , Pimllco—Whitfleld Burnett , Robert Moon Watson , Luke Wanless , Thomas Harrison , and Daniel Stokoe , Chartersdaugb , Durham , cool owners—William Davi » , Abercarno , Monmouthshire , iron-plate manufacturer — James Brodie Gordon , Church-row , Limeaousfe , cooper—James Gray , jun ., Liverpool , metal , brolser— Rohert Hardinir , Bridg . water , Somersetshire , draper—Henry Alonzo , Hart , Devoniaire-street , Queen-square , linen draper-r Join Hamlyn Hill , Plymouth , veterinary surgeon — Alexander M'Donald , Neocastle-upoa-Tyne , confectioner—Charles Rowcroft , Paulton-square , Chelsea , ' bookseller—Joseph Sargent , Beaufort , ¦ Breconshire , innkeeper—Thomas Studdsrd , Blackpool , Ifancasliire , innkeeper—Thomas Swift , Moamonth , , timber merchant— Robert Tajlor , Liverpool , merchant . . .
. INSOLVENT PETITIONS . RS . J . Adkin . 8 , Stoclt , Essbx , baber—W . AndertoB , Hnlme , LaHcashire , licensed victualler—E . Aylward , Lamberhurst , Kent , tailor— R . Barrett , Dengie , Essex , blaoksmith—G . Blake , Great ' Yarmouth , Norfolk , basket maker—G . Cannon ,. Horton Kirby , Kent , common brewer—R . Cocker , jun ., Stoney Middleton , Derbyshire , publioan—W . DouRlas , MancheBtcr , provision dealer-J , ElphiDk , Horemonden , Kent , butcher—W . Fane , Bedford , occasional clerk to an auctioneer—R .. Gardiner ,. Great Yarmouth , Norfbllc , journeyman cooper—J . " Kirkman , Pimhole , Lancashire , ¦ : provision dealer— J . ' Law , Manchester , cotton waste dealer—W ; Ling , Lakehham , Norwich , journeyman brush maker—W . Morganj Mancbester , dairjma ' n T . Nichols , Brohdon Parya ; Norfolk , higgler—T . Radford , Chard , Somersetshire , blacksmith —D . C , ; 8 addler , Great Yarmouth , Norfolk , journeyman bricklayer —\ V . Slader , Appledore , Devonshire , shoe ? maker—W , Sugaen ,. Bochdal ^ Xancashh-e , blacksmith ; ^ --F . Walter , Eigbam , Norwich , clerk in the Norwich Union Life-office—W . 'Wims , Manohes . ter ,. dealer in fruit and veeetables . ' ¦' ¦¦' .
- , ; SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . . ' isador Calmann , ^ GlaBgotVj -merchant ;— Alexander Bixon , Greeaock , spirit . merchant—Archibald M'Martin , Alva , StirHnftshire , Iniikeeper—Andrew Ross , Edinburgh , and Robert Boss , Dunfermline , boot and shoemakers—Charles GrahamSidey , Perth , merchant .- : ¦/¦' .: ¦ ¦ ' ¦!
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Tom Steelb . "—At the B © w street Police Court on Tuesday , Tom Steele , O'Connell ' s' Head Pacificator , ' waa brought up ; ferrff-examination ,, on the charge of having attempted to commit suicide by , throwing himself over Waterloo Bridge , ! Ha expressed deep contrition , and ' premised the offence should not be repeated . Mr Jardine held him to bail for twelve monthe , himself in £ 100 , and two sureties of £ 50 each , v ? hich . being given , poor Tom was released ^ ' ' ¦ State _ op Tribe in Maxchestbb . —Every thing commercial and manufacturing is literally at astandstill here . Nothing is doing oti * Change , and great numbers of the mills and workshops are cither wholly olesed or working only short time . About 10 , 000 operatives are at presant Working short ; time , and nearly the same inunibeiv am wholly out of employment . The operative population are not the principal sufferers : the shopkeepers and tradesman generally are deeply distressed , and . hundreds know not how to turn for relief . . .-
Resignation op Mb '; Milnbr GtB ' 30 N ' . >—The connexion of Mr Gibson with Manchester and the government seemed longer to be impossible , for the unpopular acts of the ministry necessarily tendered the right honourable gentleman unpopular with his constituents . The only objeotbrsto Mr Gibson's retirement are a few of the sessative Whigs , whoso influence ia very slight in Manchester . The Chinese junk has obtained a berth in th& East India Dock , and is undergoing rapaira for exhibition to the pnblio , The Medical Times says , that the Sultan has orderetl a quatter-cask of chloroform for the uso of the ladies of bis harem .
It appears , by experiments made at Eicetre , Paris , the inhalations of ehloreform induce fits of epilepsy in those persons liable to snob , visitations . ' There is a baroaot of ancient descent , ' says the Ballahasloe . Stab , ' now working as a common labourer , at one' shilling a-day , in the county of Meath . , We are indebted to Lord ' . Cowley for obtaining a further concession from the Ottoman Sultan ; the recognition of the Protestaata of Turkey as a separate and lsgally-cJoiutitntsd community .
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law of the land . " Wefa' they « f the same , determi « nation ? ( Cries ' of . - ' We are , ' aiid cheers . ) , 'W hat was it thai tbe people of tin ' s country : were pew asking' for ? He believed that there was very great raUapprihSBsionamongst a vastptrtioB of ' the influential and the midrlle classes of society , thabthey wore reckless of life ; destroyers of property , wiBbing to take' from ¦ -others" what they possessed , and appropriate auch property to their own use , He feelieyed that ' no such feelings as these existed , in tho breast of any honest-hearted Chartist . They wished to have a voice in the- ' legislature ; they wished , to have a voice in the spending of that money to which they were snch large contrifeutora . 15 should be tha duty and businsas of every Chartist to' show to tho
middle classes that such was thair ohject , ; snd their only object . But at tho same time he would have it to be understood that they would never rest satisfied unt > l that object was accomplished . ( Cheers . ) The question might yet arise—wiieh was thebeBfe form of government to live under , aad if that iaqairy should be set on foot , and conducted in fchp same spirit as that Which animated the movement ferthe Charter , it might end in the people not being satisfied even with tha six points of the Charter . ( Cheers . ) The working classes of this country were now very nearly unanimous for the People ' s Charter . And let it be borne in mind , that , without unanimity , that object never would , and never could , be obtained ; and therefore he conceived it to
be the duty of every working man not to throw ths least obstacle in the way of bringing the middle classes to . them , in order that they might have their assistance . The middle classes were fast comisg over to them j and if they referred to a meeting lately held at Manchester , they would find thousands of the ' middle classes who had been sworn in as special' constables had openly declared that thej would not use their staves against the people , and that they would assist them in agitating for tha Charter .. The same feeling was agitating the middla classes . as that which made the working classes Chartists . He hoped that that the present meeting would bo one groat means of cementing the middle and working classo . i of this community in agitating
until the Charter became tho law of the land ; ( Cheers . ) The speaker then proposed the resolution . , ChaiuiEsWobship seconded the . resnlution . Afterafc lading to * ' a bill issued by Edward B dnes , ofLeeds , * and vrhick allusien called forth loud shouts of' he ' e a liar , ' hes aid , they would recollect that previous to ths meeting in London the . Queen was recommeaded to remove from her bouse to Oaborna . House ; but if she did not want removing from all the hoEsesehe possesEed , he would advise her to remove from power those > &o were doing the utmost they o uld to prevent the onward movement of the people .: ( Loud shouting , and cries of' na , put that da ' an , ' to tho short-hand writers . ) : Mr D . Lightowler , of Bradford , wai called upon
to 8 uppori the resplation . He was inclioed to think that those who at present counselled tbe Queen , and who sat at the helm of affairs , were not prepared to raake the Oharlor the law of tbe land . It appeared that they had no idea of the . degraded condition of the working classes of this country ; otherwise they would adept Boine means for / raising the ' working classes from the degradation and suffering in which they were involved . Instead of doing that they were giving them something entirely in opposition to thafe wh ^ cn woul d tend to remove the burdens under , which fchey groaned . ( Disapprobation . ) Her Majesty ' s ministers had given , evidence of their nnfifcnesa to govern tbia nation , by passing that Whig Treason Act called ' the Gagging Bill . , Instead ef assisting
them-to rear the tree of liberty , they had giy . ea them a GaggiDg Bill . But they would meet . ( ' We will , ' ) There waa a people groaning for liberty , and determined to have liberty , and yet the government gave them . a Gagging Bil | , ( A voice' we wilfgag them / cheers . ) Ik had been observed by a previous speaker thatwhile the people were progressing , government wa . 3 retrograding or going back- ; they bad carried a measure which would bare disgraced this oonntry a tnedsand years ago . ( Cheera . ) . The : government had given evidence of their unfitnsBS to manage the affairs ot this country by the weakness they manifestd day by day . Let it be understood that the strength , of a government existed in the affections of the people , and not in muskets and bayonets , and swords .
The strength of the government grew weaker every day , and if the Qneen did not soon . dismiss her ministers they would be diBmised by some other power ( Cheers . ) The ministry also manifested their unfitneBS for office by the introduction of another bill , called the Alien ' s Bill . Some of these jealous follows thought the ; had seen , as he bad also seen himself , a faw bearded men walking about the streets of Lendon , and who they thought were wanted to have something ' to do with the Chartists . Now , he would not raise any objection to that bill provided they applied improperly . ( Cheers and lauahter . ) Prince Albert should go first . ( Loud cheers ) The ex-King of France next . ( Cheers . ) Guizotnest . ( Cheers . ) The Queen Dowager the fourth ¦— ( cheers)—and all
the aliens ¦ who had been burdens and paupers upoa this country ; ( Loud shouting ) Let tbe government apply this bill impartially , and then they would receive it . . The Whigs always told them when they were out of ||| 5 ce what tbey would do , but when they got into office they'did nothing but mischief . ( Cheers . ) If they had been out of office while the tree of liberty was now beiog raised la Europe , tbey would have been the first to help the working classes to raise io in England . But the Whigs were in office , and the Tories out , and so they brought in tbe Gagging Bill and their Aliens Bill . He concluded by exhorting the meeting to proceed peaceably but most deter ' mindly to show government that they would have the Charter and no Surrender . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr J . Shackleton , of Halifax , moved the next resolution . He said that bo had been just looking at this very large assembly , and wondering' whether the lying and vilifying preBS would go away with the tale to parliament that there would be only about fife or six thousand of them . He thought therd were two acres of them closely packed ( hear ) , and they might , therefore , be able to make their own calculation . So long as tbe people of this country were divided , bo long would they be weak . But the . moment the people were united in one bond ; not ; all the powers on earth could resist them . Why did theyihen continually meet together , to be taunted of by ; the government , as evil disposed and discontented persons . Now , they were discontented , he
readily admitted ; but that they were evil disposed persons , he utterly denied . Their only object ia coming , forward in such numbers was to endeavour to obtain the means ef living in the land of their birth ; buUhalright bad been taken away by those parties who claimed to be the government of this country . The object of a legislative assembly , was to do all iu its power to promote happiness , morality , and good ordor in society ; but , in this , our government had utterly failed ; bo that it was high time that other parties should take possession of the helm of affairs . ( Hear . ) What had they done for the working classes ? There was one third of the entire population in the manufacturing districts out of employment , and the either two-thirds
were living upon anch scanty subsistence , that they could scarcely keep body and soul together . What , was the reason of this *? . Was it because the people of this country were not strong enough , able enough , to produce food , and build houses , and make furniture for themselves ? ( No . ) Why this should be ia a country possessing all the scientific knowledge and intelligence which , it was saidto possess , and that hundreds of thousands should be starving for want of food , and there should be hundreds and millions of acres of laud out of cultivation , he could not imagine . Why was ii , that such a bbdy of men had so nwhaged that , the . working classes haying toiled for food , they must go and starve till the aristocracy and Jhemoriey moneers thought fitto ' give them the means ? Waa
society ever intended for such an end ? Waa it < iver ordained by nature and by God'that the great bulk of the labouring population should labour incesFantly , with scarcely the means of existence , in order to keep . in idleness and pr ; fligacy a small section of the community . It never waa so intonded ; and with the determination and aid of working men , such a state of things should not be much longer . ( Cheers . ) They had all the elements of wealth and prosperity within their reach , but they were locked up in various ways by individuals who claimed io be possessed of all the knowledge in tha world . But this state of things must no longer exist ,. Look at the state of the people of Ireland . There pas net another nation on the face of the earth that had
submitted to auch degradation , poverty , and misery ; the people of England were in such a condition tbat they were fast sinking to the condition of Ireland . ( Hear . ) Suppose ths aristocracy were for a short time to change places with them ; and , instead of living in splendid palaces , they were to occupy the hovels of the working men of this country , becoming the servile dependents upon those whom they bad so long oppressad—weuld they not feel that they were indebted for all their grandeur and their wealth , to the hard-toiling citizens ? Their rulers talked to them about preperty , anditho rights of property . He would tell thea there was no property except through labour . Everything we saw and possessed of any value had come from the labour of working men ; and , therefore , the working man , whs produced all , ought to occupy a place worthy of bis usefulness in society . ( Cheers . ) They had been told by one
party that if they would only go with them , to obtain free-trade , all would be well ; bat they had got free «( rade aad were still going down the hill . Now , some parties wera anxious that . they should emigrate ta New Yealand . or New South Wales , or anywhere else , bo that they did not trouble them . He was not one of the party who would favour that cry . He was for staying in Lib native land , in the hope that it would still be a happy , prosperous , and glorious , oountry . It was unnecessary they should go abroad , bo losg as they had bo many elements of wealth and prosperity at home . And while there were such signs of progress before themwhile mankind were steadily advancing in intelligence the government was travelling back ta the dark ages of feudalism ; The ; had seen an animal in its death throes strike nervonuly hard . These were tho very symptoms which preceded the destruction of thj . French government , and we found our owq ^ oy «^
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mi i mnitrni f—" * i 7 ' fflwn '< P" - * 'm " " T lf ' "i -1 vnwT- ' * JiJ " *' ' ''^ ' * l ! i T '' J > tyil f t , * My ^ T '^ fe ^ GREAT'dHARTiST ' DEMONSTRATlbK ON . . - ; : SK 1 RCOAT-MG 0 R . ' In the early-past ' of theiweek placards were posted throughout tho West-Riding , announcing that there toould ba 3 ' great WestrRiding meting ' on Skircoatmoor , oh Good Friday ; Placards issued'ia--the prer yious ; week , warning all well-disposed persona of the illegality of such meetings , were renewed in ' the early part of the week . Early on Friday morning th ? Hali . ; faxspecial constables who had then beenswdrn-in ari « l ' organised , were noticed to hold themselves in readi . ness . About twenty companies of tbe ' specials' were
assembled in the Piece-Ilall at ten o ' clock . At & still earlier heur the Halifax troops of the 2 nd West York Yeomanry Cavalry , ( who had been" some time underordera from head quarters to hold themselves in readiness ; were called oat and assembled in the Riding School . The troop of the 5 ih Oragobn Guards also , held themselves h reacSnesa during the day at their barracks , as did the Infantry at the barracks . A part only of tbe old pensioners _ were oalled out , the rest being warned to be io readiness . A&d tho magistrates sat at their office all day in preparation for any emergency .
THE PROCESSION . At about nine o ' clock , a procession started from the bottom of Horton-atreet to meet the Bradford Chartists . The Ovenden and Northowarm Chartists also wont on the Bradford Road with the same'object . And at a subsequent bou > a procession of some thousands from Huddersfield , also crossed the town in the same direction . At about eleven o ' clock , the united proosssion entered the town , and defiled through the street . It contained twelve bands of music , and a multitude of Sags and banners . The tricolour ( substituting green for tbe blue of the French flag ) was abundant ; and mat > f :-mea in tbe procession also wore tricolour roseUes .. The inscriptions included the following : —
' The Charter , and down with 4 he aristocracy , ' ai black banner . — ' Freedom we want , and freedom wo will have . '—Another black flag , with a pike at the end of the staff , ' We conquer or die . ' — -Two large fulMefiRtb portraits of Feargus O'Connor . — Wadswirth Row . National Charter Association ; the Charter and No Surrender . ' — . ' Liberty , Equality , Fraternity . ' — ' . Ovenden National Charter Association ; England Free or a Deeert . '—'; Jones and sMiall , ' a green'flag , — ' Forward and we Conquer , Backward and we Fall / — ' He that b&th no , sword , let him sell his garment and buy one . ' -r- ' Red flag , . ' England Free or a Daaerfc . ' —Green flag , ' Liberty or Dsath . '—BaDrier > 1 Woa to the Tyrants that dare obstruct the way io Freedom . '—Green banner ,. 'New Leeds ; What is
Life without Liberty . '— Goodman's-end section , ' God ' s Will the People's Claim . ' - Green flag , ' God helps them that help themselves . '— -Two tricolour flags with cap of liberty on the staff—Banner oontaining a portrait with the " words , 'Arthur O'Connor , tbe Exile of Erin ; The Female National Charter Association , Bradford . '^ - * Little ¦ Horton Char ilats ; May the people of England never forget Frbat ; Williams , and Jones . '— 'It is better . to Dieby the Sword , than Perish by Hunger , — ' Tyrants prepare to meet your God . '~ ' Mothers , Claim the Rights of your children . '— . ' Woe to the man that oppresaeth the poor . '— 'The People ' s Charter in defiance of Dungeons . ' , . ,.... ; . ; ,,: . :,, , .. [< ,- > . ¦ ¦ •; : ;• ' ¦ ' : ¦ The procession was marshalled by men who carried small tricolpured flags . The different processions of wbich it was composed did not , however ,
walk with a similar number a-breast . . The Chartists from Ovenden and other parts of this neighbourhcod walked four or . five abreast ] those which followed the Bradford Ascient Foresters' band , seven and eight a-breaat ; and tow . ards the clpee of the proeession theft were rows of ten and some twelye a-breaat . The entiroijprocession would therefore probably aver » age seven abreast ; under rather ' than over that average-. it occupied twenty-one minutes in turning the corner of Union-street , into Horton-Btreet- ; at a rsfteof ihirlySim torn in half , a minute . This , at the average or seven to , the row , would give & 00 a minute , or 10 , 500 for 4 he entire processioD , supposing the entire line to bo without a break . ' We must add that neither calculation iucludes the large number of those whochesea less public and more direct method of reaching the place of meeting . * : .
. -.: ¦ , THE MEETING . - As we haye already stated the site upon which the monster meeting was ; held was . Skircoat Moor , where spacious hustings had beea erected on the eaBt aide , and near to the plantation ; the front of the hustings facing westward : To these hustings admission washad by ticket . The hour advertised for commencing the proceedings ! was eleven o ' cleck , and at that hour a procession from Ripponden took up . its station in front of the hustings . . Tiie procession was accompanied ' by a band of rauaic , and a few banners . In half an hour afterwards , ati immense procession defiled from the road to tbe left of the hustings . The procession it waB understood came
from Buddersfield , and the neighbourhood ; and was followed ( butwhether included in it . or not , our reporter on ' the . tabor could » ot learn ) by the procession which had been wending its way through the streets of Halifax , when the immense throng had stationed themselves in front ; of the hustings , the scene was certainly moat imgosine . The whole of the processions having taken up their positions , the bands ceased ' playing , ' the' flags and bannera were furled , and the more important [ proceedings commenced . ; The business commenced by a person of the name of Rilet , proposing that Mr B . Rushton take the chair . This was eeconded by a person in the crowd , and carried by a . forest of hands bsing held up in its
favour . . The Chairman said—that , having been elected to preside over tbat meeting , it would be his business to submit a string of resolutions for their approval or disapproval . It , unfortunately , happened that some of the individuals invited were not present ; however , they must make up their lack as wellas tbey could ; their object was not men , bnt principle , that they were contending for . ( Cheers . ) ' ¦ Mr James Harris , of Leeds , was then called upon . He said , it perhaps would ba a matter of regret that many of the gentlemen invited to attend the meeting were , from necessity , compelled , to stay away . This might be a matter of regret to many , but to hia minditwas no very great discouragement . He perfectly agreed with the chairman that it wa 3 principle and notmen they were contending for , but , at the same time , he would award the same meed of praise
to the persons who had been invited there as though they were present , Great credit was due to those men who had got up . and sustained an agitation which had taught the working classes not to depend upon others , but themselves . ( Cheers . ) He was glad tbat the ' Gagging Bill' had had no influence over the working classes . ( A Voice : We'll gag ' em , and laughter . ) He would not ask them if they were prepared to go on peaceably until the Six Points of the Charter beoame the law of the . laad . ( Shouts of ? We are . ?) Then , if they were thus determined to act , theymuat not bo afraid of this bill * although it Bought to entrap some ,-if not most ; of their leaders . But should that be done—could he , for one moment , suppose that they should succeed . in gagging their present leaders , bs believed the effect , would be that if they imprisoned one leader , a hundred wrold rise up to take'his place . ( Cheers ;) nehadareso " lution in his hand which he would read : —¦ !
That this meetingtfeelt&g ' . from practical reality , that ths present House , of Commons does not represent the interests of . the people of this country ,. bail with a&tis . faotion the suggestion of tbe Convention that a memo rial be . presented to her Mefoaty , requesting . her to die . rblsB hefiQUiiB ^ y and di flsotve parliament , ' ; and , call to h ' er ' council men who will-make ' the Peoples ' CJiarter a cabinet measure . ' >'¦ ¦ ¦ ¦*¦' . •¦ : ¦ '¦ : ;* ' j \ ; : . ¦; ¦ ' ¦¦ - ¦ " ¦ ¦ : ' - ; - Witbl that resolution he most cordially agreed | for if there was no other act than tbe one which last nighfrpassed ; its third reading in the House of Lords , and . commbn ' ly called ' the GaggingBill . ' he thought it amply sufficient to memorialise the Queen to , dismiB 9 her miriiste , rs , disaolye pavliament , and call these me nHo power who would inake the Charier a
cabinoli measure .. ( Cheers . ) "What ' were they to coHceive would be the results of such a till ? They were told that largo meetings , were being held in the country , suoh a ? the one he , then . witnessed—Ihey were told that , the authorities were ; alarmed ,, and the peaceably disposed inh a bitants were afraid . But where did . they got their alarm frem ? Had there been any outbreak—any disturbance by the Char tists ? ( Cries of' no . ' ) Had any one been advised to break the peace ? ( ' No . ' ) Destroy property ? ( ' No . ' ) Or life ? ( 'No . ' ) If they invwiably proteoted the peace while seeking for their liberties , he would ask them where was the danger to the Crown or government ? It was said , that < a guilty conscience was its own accuser . ' ( Loud cheera . ) In the
House of Commons on Tuesday last Lord John Rus > sell , in debating the question of the Crown and Government Security Bill , told the people through the house , that as civilisation progressed , so new modes would he invented to overturn the country . What were they to understand frsm that assertion , but that Lord John Russell was endeavouring to stop the rising influence of mind , but which never would , and never should be stopped . ; There was another inference which , he dr «; w from that assertion '; they were perhaps to understand that Lord John Russell meant that as civilisation progressed , so new modes would be invented for overturning the
governmentor that while civilisation progressed that ( he Iegia . laturewasto stand still . If ho intended that , he was apt to think Lord John Russell would ba greatly mistaken . The people were now determined that government itself should move with th 9 onward march of civilization . If Lord John Russell intended that government should stand still , or be a do-nothing-government , he believed that Buoh meetings as the present would convince him that important concessions mast be made to the just demands of teo people , ( Cheets . ) At other numeaous meetings they had openly asserted that the ; would never rest satisfied till the six points of the Charter were the
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* This calculation forms port 8 f tho original report which we have . takea from the HuiWS Guardian , b Tory paper ,,
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April 29 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 . ;•
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1468/page/7/
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